crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Professional Oral Care Reduces Carcinogenic Acetaldehyde Levels in Mouth Air of Perioperative Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Prospective Comparative Study.	Acetaldehyde is a potential carcinogen for esophageal cancer, and some oral microorganisms produce acetaldehyde from ethanol or glucose. In this prospective study, we examined the influence of professional oral care on acetaldehyde levels in mouth air of esophageal cancer patients. Acetaldehyde concentrations in mouth air and breath were measured by a portable gas chromatograph, and acetaldehyde production from oral microbiota was also evaluated. Samples were taken from 21 esophageal cancer patients (median age 68 years) and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group) before and after oral care. Post-operative samples were also taken from 17 patients who had undergone surgery. All samples (mouth air, breath, and saliva) were collected 2 to 3 hours after lunch. Oral microbial samples were prepared from saliva. Genotype analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) genes revealed no significant differences in the genotypes between the two groups. In the control group, acetaldehyde levels in mouth air showed no significant changes after oral care, while the amount of microbial acetaldehyde production from ethanol was significantly decreased. By contrast, among the patients, acetaldehyde levels in mouth air were significantly decreased after oral care and after operation, while the amount of microbial acetaldehyde production from ethanol showed no significant changes. Moreover, microbial acetaldehyde production from glucose was significantly decreased after operation. Overall, oral health was poorer in the patient group. In conclusion, professional oral care for esophageal cancer patients is effective for reducing acetaldehyde levels in mouth air due to the reduction of microbial count.	esophagus
Barrett's adenocarcinoma with esophageal varices successfully treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection with direct varices coagulation.	A 67-year-old Japanese man with alcoholic cirrhosis underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which revealed a 15-mm elevated lesion on the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Endoscopic findings suggested that the lesion was an intramucosal cancer present on the esophageal varices. The location of the lesion at EGJ caused difficulties in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal ligation for esophageal varices before esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Direct varices coagulation treatment was therefore selected during ESD. Coagulation of bared varices with hemostatic forceps after mucosal incision enabled performing ESD without serious bleeding. 2 months afterwards, the patient underwent EGD, with no esophageal varices or carcinoma recurrence. Direct varices coagulation was effective for ESD of Barrett adenocarcinoma with esophageal varices.	esophagus
"An intramedullary ""flame"" recognized as being an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from esophageal cancer."	Intramedullary spinal cord metastases are rarely encountered in patients suffering from extra - central nervous system primary cancer, with only 2 described cases reported in the literature deriving from esophageal cancer. Intramedullary spinal cord metastases may occur at any level of the spinal cord but cervical location is the most frequent. We report the first case of intramedullary metastasis affecting the thoracic spinal cord from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a 35-year-old patient.	esophagus
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor could predict the prognosis of postoperative patients with oesophageal squamous cell cancer.	The purpose of the study is to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic features of dual hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. A total of 73 patients were enrolled in this study. The positive expression of HIF-1a was identified in 69.9% of the cases. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1a expression was correlative with pT (p = 0.008) and pTNM stage (p = 0.002). The positive expression of VEGF was identified in 63.0% of the cases. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was correlative with pT (p = 0.005), pN (p = 0.045), and pTNM stage (p < 0.05). HIF-1a and VEGF expressions had a significantly positive correlation (p = 0.010). Dual positive expression of HIF-1a and VEGF was identified in 50.7% (37/73) of the cases, and it was significantly correlative with pT (p = 0.025), pN (p = 0.008), and pTNM stage (p = 0.014). The OSCC patients' 5-year survival rate was correlative with pT (p < 0.05), pN (p < 0.01), pTNM stage (p < 0.01), VEGF expression (p < 0.01), and dual expressions of HIF-1a and VEGF (p < 0.01). Cox regression analysis showed that pN and dual HIF-1a and VEGF expression were independent prognostic factors for the 5-year survival rate of the patients. In conclusion, HIF-1a combined with VEGF could enable us to more accurately predict the prognosis of OSCC patients.	esophagus
[Non-metastatic oesophageal cancer: diagnosis and treatment].	The incidence of oesophageal cancer is on the rise, particularly due to an increase in the number of adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus. Adenomas and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common histological subtypes; each should be considered as a different entity. The diagnosis 'oesophageal cancer' is confirmed on the basis of histopathological investigation of biopsies, whereas tumour staging is conducted through transoesophageal endoscopic ultrasound and FDG-PET/CT diagnostics. There are various options to treat patients with oesophageal cancer, such as endoscopic resection, multimodal therapy or definitive chemoradiotherapy. Since 2012, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the standard treatment for oesophageal cancer, except with regard to patients with a T1 or M1 tumour. In the Netherlands, most surgical procedures are now minimally invasive procedures. Despite improved treatment options, mortality rates associated with oesophageal cancer remain high.	esophagus
Predictive value of intraoperative factors for complications after oesophagectomy.	OBJECTIVES: Oesophagectomy for malignancy is a highly complex and difficult procedure associated with considerable postoperative complications. In this study, we aimed to identify the ability of an intraoperative factor (IPFs)-based classifier to predict complications after oesophagectomy. METHODS: This retrospective review included 251 patients who underwent radical oesophagectomy from October 2015 to December 2017. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model, we extracted IPFs that were associated with postoperative morbidity and then built a classifier. Preoperative variables and the IPF-based classifier were analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. A nomogram to predict the risk of postoperative morbidity was constructed and validated using bootstrap resampling. RESULTS: Following the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, we discovered that those 4 IPF (surgical approach, lowest heart rate, lowest mean arterial blood pressure and estimated blood loss) were associated with postoperative morbidity. After stratification into low-and high-risk groups with the IPF-based classifier, the differences in 30-day morbidity (7.2% vs 70.1%, P < 0.001, respectively) and mortality (0% vs 4.7%, P = 0.029, respectively) were found to be statistically significant. The multivariable analysis demonstrated that the IPF-based classifier was an independent risk factor for predicting postoperative morbidity for patients with oesophageal cancer. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated and proven to be clinically useful. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that an IPF-based nomogram could reliably predict the risk of postoperative morbidity. It has the potential to facilitate the individual perioperative management of patients with oesophageal cancer.	esophagus
High level of lncRNA H19 expression is associated with shorter survival in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients.	AIM: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is currently considered to play an important regulatory role in various diseases, including tumors, at present a hot topic in research. As a non-coding transcription product of imprinted gene, LncRNA H19 is expressed as a parent imprinted maternal allele without protein-coding ability. Increasing evidence indicates that LncH19 may be a new tumor marker for early clinical diagnosis and prognosis judgment. In this study, LncH19 expression was investigated by RNA in situ hybridization for further exploring the clinicopathological role of its expression in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). METHODS: 121 tumor samples and seven cases of adjacent non-tumor tissues from esophageal cancer patients were detected by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and the ISH staining was graded with modiﬁed Allred scoring. RESULTS: While no LncH19 expression in the tumor adjacent to normal epithelia was disclosed with the technology, significantly higher levels of LncH19 expression were detected in the tumors obtained from the patients who died within one year after surgery, compared to the expression in those tumors from the patients who survived longer than five years after the same treatment regimen (P = 0.001). In addition, LncH19 expression was verified to correlate with a larger tumor size (P = 0.002) and a higher UICC stage (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our LncH19 ISH data verify the involvement of LncH19 in ESCC. Higher levels of LncH19 expression were not only detected in tumors with larger size and in clinical late stage, but also significantly associated with shorter survival, strongly indicating its clinical significance in the malignant progression of ESCC and useful value as a poor prognostic factor for the patients.	esophagus
Morphomic Factors Associated With Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Esophageal Carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: In patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), patients with a pathologic complete response (pCR) have the greatest benefit. The purpose of this study was to identify morphomic factors obtained from pretreatment computed tomography scans associated with a pCR in ESCC. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with ESCC treated with nCRT who underwent esophagectomy between 2006 and 2016. Clinical and morphomic characteristics pre-nCRT were analyzed to identify factors associated with pCR using univariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: There were 183 patients with ESCC included in this study, and 45 (24.6%) patients achieved pCR. The overall survival in patients with pCR was better than that in patients without pCR (5.8 years vs 1.2 years; P < .001). On univariate analysis, increased age, radiation dose greater than or equal to 4000 cGy, and larger subcutaneous adipose tissue area were correlated with pCR. On multivariable logistic regression, increased age (odds ratio, 1.53; P = .03), radiation dose greater than or equal to 4000 cGy (odds ratio, 2.19; P = .04), and larger dorsal muscle group normal-density area (odds ratio, 1.59; P = .03) were independently associated with pCR. CONCLUSIONS: Increased age, radiation dose greater than or equal to 4000 cGy, and larger dorsal muscle group normal-density area were significantly associated with pCR. These factors may be useful in determining which patients are most likely to benefit from nCRT followed by esophagectomy.	esophagus
LMX1B involved in the radioresistance, proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer cells.	OBJECTIVES: Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most difficult malignancies to cure. The radioresistance remains a major obstacle for effective treatment of EC. METHODS: Esophageal cancer radioresistant cell lines were screened by the cumulative dose of radiation assays. qRT-PCR and Western blotting assays were used to detect the expression of LMXIB in EC. The survival fraction experiments were performed to test the effects of LMXIB in the radioresistance of EC. Following, the ionizing radiation and clonogenic, cell proliferation, wound healing and Flow cytometry apoptosis assays were used to characterize the properties of these cell lines. RESULTS: We found that the LMX1B gene, encoding a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, is expressed in a higher level in the radio-resistant EC cell lines. The following radiation assays revealed that LMX1B promotes the radioresistance of EC cells. Moreover, LMX1B plays roles in the proliferation, cell migration and apoptosis of EC cells. CONCLUSION: All these results indicated that LMX1B is a key regulator involved in the radioresistance of EC, which might be used as a biomarker to guide the clinical therapy of EC.	esophagus
Using Benchmarking Standards to Evaluate Transition to Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is performed in nearly 50% of patients worldwide. The effectiveness of the technique arises from a single randomized control trial and multiple single series cohorts. Consistent reporting of complications is varied. We describe our experience of transitioning to MIE compared with open esophagectomy (OE) with the use of Esophageal Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) standardized complication benchmark definitions. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2017, all patients undergoing esophagectomy were identified with the use of a prospectively curated database. Complications were defined by the ECCG and graded with the Clavien-Dindo (most severe complication) and comprehensive complication index (complexity of complications during hospital stay). RESULTS: Of 383 patients, 299 (76%) were men with a median age of 64.5 years (range, 56-72 years). MIE was performed in 49.6%. No differences were found in age, histologic finding (P = .222), pT stage (P = .136), or nodal positivity (P = .918). Stage 3 cancers accounted for 42.0% of OEs and 47.9% of MIEs. A thoracic anastomosis was more frequent in MIEs (156 of 190; 82.1%) than in OEs (113 of 193; 58.5%; P = .001). Frequency, severity (Clavien-Dindo), and complexity (comprehensive complication index) of complications were better in the MIE group, without compromising operative outcomes. No differences were identified in individual complication groupings or grade in MIEs compared with OEs (pneumonia: 19.5% versus 26.9% ([P = .09]; intensive care unit readmission: 7.4% versus 9.3% [P = .519]; atrial fibrillation: 11.1% versus 6.7% [P = .082], or grade of leak [P = .99]). CONCLUSIONS: These results compare favorably to those reported by ECCG. MIE can be the standard approach for surgical management of esophageal cancer. Introduction of the approach in each surgeon's practice should be benchmarked to international standards.	esophagus
Robotic Side-to-Side and End-to-Side Stapled Esophagogastric Anastomosis of Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy for Cancer.	BACKGROUND: Both linear-stapled side-to-side esophagogastric anastomosis (LSEA) and circular-stapled end-to-side esophagogastric anastomosis (CEEA) are frequently used following esophagectomy. The aims of the present study were to review our experience of robotic intrathoracic alimentary tract reconstruction and to compare the short-term surgical outcomes of LSEA and CEEA in robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. METHODS: A prospectively collected dataset from 79 consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy from February 2016 to December 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. Two groups (LSEA and CEEA) were classified according to the anastomotic mode. Demographic data, intraoperative characteristics and short-term surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Two patients were converted to laparotomy. The remaining 77 patients (68 males and 9 females, mean age of 61.7 years) were successfully treated with completely robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. According to the anastomotic procedure performed, 35 patients were categorized into the LSEA group and 42 patients were categorized into the CEEA group. The mean anastomotic time in the LSEA group was longer than that in the CEEA group (63.0 ± 9.0 vs. 44.2 ± 8.5 min, p < 0.001). No significant difference was detected in anastomotic complications, including leakage (8.6% with LSEA and 4.8% with CEEA, p = 0.83) and postoperative dysphagia (5.7% with LSEA and 16.7% with CEEA, p = 0.26). No statistical difference was observed for the other surgical outcomes. There was no incidence of in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, both LSEA and CEEA were feasible and safe to be performed and surgeons can select either LSEA or CEEA based on their own technical expertise.	esophagus
Overexpression of Cullin4A correlates with a poor prognosis and tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Cullin4A (CUL4A), which is a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase, is implicated in many cellular events. Although the altered expression of CUL4A has been reported in several human cancers, the role of CUL4A in esophageal cancer remains unknown. METHODS: We investigated the CUL4A expression in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue specimens from 120 patients by immunohistochemistry and explored its clinical relevance and prognostic value. Furthermore, the effect of the expression of CUL4A on cancer cell proliferation was analyzed in vitro using an siRNA silencing technique. RESULTS: The higher expression of CUL4A was significantly associated with a deeper depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.001) and the presence of venous invasion (P = 0.014). The disease-specific survival (DSS) rate in patients with tumors that showed high CUL4A expression levels was significantly lower than that in patients whose tumors showed low CUL4A expression levels (P = 0.001). Importantly, the CUL4A status was identified as an independent prognostic factor for DSS (P = 0.045). Our results suggested that the CUL4A expression has significant prognostic value in ESCC. Furthermore, CUL4A gene silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells in vitro. In addition, the knockdown of the CUL4A expression induced G1 phase arrest and increased the p21 and p27 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: CUL4A might play an important role in regulating the proliferation of ESCC cells and promoting the development of postoperative recurrence.	esophagus
Prognostic Significance of CIP2A in Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma: A Study of 65 Patients and a Meta-Analysis.	BACKGROUND: The expression of the cancerous inhibitor protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) appears to be predictive of the prognosis of various solid tumors. However, the association between this protein and the risk of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) remains unclear. We investigated CIP2A expression and its clinical significance in EGJA and conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between CIP2A and the prognosis of patients with solid tumors. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of CIP2A in EGJA. Kaplan-Meier estimation, Cox analysis, and ROC curves were performed to analyze the survival of patients and the prognostic factors. In the meta-analysis, we searched relevant publications in several widely used databases and used 15 studies (2348 patients). RESULTS: IHC demonstrated that CIP2A was elevated in EGJA and correlated with poor survival as an independent indicator. It could forecast the survival more precisely when combined with the grade, which is another independent prognosis marker of EGJA. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the associations between the expression of CIP2A and the prognosis were detected for overall survival (HR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.69-2.32), disease-specific survival (HR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.50-1.97), and time to tumor progression (pooled HR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.56-2.43). CONCLUSION: High expression of CIP2A was a poor indicator of the prognosis of EGJA, and CIP2A may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of EGJA. The meta-analysis suggested that CIP2A expression can be a predictive marker of overall survival, disease-specific survival, and time to tumor progression in patients with solid tumors.	esophagus
Comprehensive Exploration to Identify Predictive DNA Markers of ΔNp63/SOX2 in Drug Resistance in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: OBP-801 is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor being developed as an anticancer drug. In this study, we explored genes to predict drug resistance in human cancer. METHODS: OBP-801 resistance was assessed in 37 strains of human cancer cell lines. Expression microarrays harboring 54,675 genes were used to focus on candidate genes, which were validated for both functional and clinical relevance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). RESULTS: OBP-801 is sensitive to esophageal, gastric, and thyroid cancer, and resistant to some esophageal and colorectal cancers. We therefore used ESCC to explore genes. Comprehensive exploration focused on ΔNp63/SOX2, which were both genetically and epigenetically overexpressed in ESCC. Genomic amplifications of ΔNp63/SOX2 were tightly correlated each other (r = 0.81). Importantly, genomic amplification of ΔNp63/SOX2 in the resected tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with histological grade of response (G1). Forced expression of either of these two genes did not induce each other, suggesting that their functional relevances were independent and showed robust drug resistance in OBP-801, as well as 5-fluorouracil. Furthermore, ΔNp63 could exert a potent oncogenic potential. RNA interference of ΔNp63 supported its oncological properties, as well as drug resistance. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive exploration of genes involved in anticancer drug residence could identify critical oncogenes of ΔNp63/SOX2 that would predict chemotherapy response in ESCC.	esophagus
The evolution of surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancers.	INTRODUCTION: According to the latest Japanese nationwide estimates, over a million Japanese people are newly diagnosed with cancer each year. Since gastrointestinal cancers account for more than 40% of all cancer-related deaths, it is imperative to formulate effective strategies to control them. MATERIALS AND METHODS, AND RESULTS: Basic drug discovery research Our research has revealed that the abnormal expression of regulators of chromosomal stability is a cause of cancers and identified an effective compound against cancers with chromosomal instability. We revealed the molecular mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of cancer cells via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis to CAR-like cells and identified an MEK inhibitor effective against these tumors. Residual tumor cells after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer are LGR5-positive cancer stem cells and their ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species is elevated. The development of surgical procedures and devices In cases of gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal cancer, we determined the anastomotic line for evaluating the blood flow using ICG angiography and measuring the tissue O2 metabolism. We established a novel gastric reconstruction method (book-binding technique) for gastric cancer and a new rectal reconstruction method focusing on the intra-intestinal pressure resistance for rectal cancer. We established a novel tissue fusion method, which allows contact-free local heating and retains tissue viability with very little damage, and developed an understanding of the collagen-related processes that underpin laser-induced tissue fusion. Strategy to prevent carcinogenesis We succeeded in cleaving hepatitis B virus DNA integrated into the nucleus of hepatocytes using genome editing tools. The development of HCC from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may be prevented by metabolic surgery. CONCLUSION: We believe that these efforts will help to significantly improve the gastrointestinal cancer treatment and survival.	esophagus