crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Is preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery the appropriate treatment for signet ring cell containing adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction and stomach?	BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest primary resection as the preferable approach in patients with signet ring cell gastric cancer (SRC). The aim of our retrospective exploratory study was to evaluate the influence of SRC on prognosis and response in esophagogastric adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 723 locally advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinomas (cT3/4 N any) documented in a prospective database from two academic centers were classified according to the WHO definition for SRC (more than 50 % SRC) and analyzed for their association with response and prognosis after neoadjuvant treatment. RESULTS: A total of 235 tumors (32.5 %) contained SRC. Median survival of SRC was 26.3 compared with 46.6 months (p < 0.001) for non-SRC. SRC were significantly associated with female gender, gastric localization, advanced ypT and R1/2 categories, and lower risk of surgical complications and anastomotic leakage (each p < 0.001). Clinical (21.1 vs. 33.7 %, p = 0.001) and histopathological response (less than 10 % residual tumor: 16.3 vs. 28.9 %, p < 0.001) were significantly less frequent in SRC. Clinical response (p = 0.003) and complete histopathological response (pCR) (3.4 %) (p = 0.003) were associated with improved prognosis in SRC. Clinical response, surgical complications, ypTN categories, but not SRC were independent prognostic factors in forward Cox regression analysis in R0 resected patients. Risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis was increased (p < 0.001), while local (p = 0.015) and distant metastases (p = 0.02) were less frequent than in non-SRC. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis of SRC is unfavorable. Although response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is rare in SRC, it is associated with improved outcome. Thus, chemotherapy might not generally be abandoned in SRC. A stratification based on SRC should be included in clinical trials.	esophagus
Patterns of recurrence after surgery alone versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery in the CROSS trials.	PURPOSE: To analyze recurrence patterns in patients with cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction treated with either preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plus surgery or surgery alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Recurrence pattern was analyzed in patients from the previously published CROSS I and II trials in relation to radiation target volumes. CRT consisted of five weekly courses of paclitaxel and carboplatin combined with a concurrent radiation dose of 41.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions to the tumor and pathologic lymph nodes with margin. RESULTS: Of the 422 patients included from 2001 to 2008, 418 were available for analysis. Histology was mostly adenocarcinoma (75%). Of the 374 patients who underwent resection, 86% were allocated to surgery and 92% to CRT plus surgery. On January 1, 2011, after a minimum follow-up of 24 months (median, 45 months), the overall recurrence rate in the surgery arm was 58% versus 35% in the CRT plus surgery arm. Preoperative CRT reduced locoregional recurrence (LRR) from 34% to 14% (P < .001) and peritoneal carcinomatosis from 14% to 4% (P < .001). There was a small but significant effect on hematogenous dissemination in favor of the CRT group (35% v 29%; P = .025). LRR occurred in 5% within the target volume, in 2% in the margins, and in 6% outside the radiation target volume. In 1%, the exact site in relation to the target volume was unclear. Only 1% had an isolated infield recurrence after CRT plus surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative CRT in patients with esophageal cancer reduced LRR and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Recurrence within the radiation target volume occurred in only 5%, mostly combined with outfield failures.	esophagus
Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus.	Barrett's esophagus (BE) is an intestinal-like columnar metaplasia that replaces the normal stratified squamous epithelium in the distal esophagus. Clinically, BE is an important entity as it is the only established precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a disease with an extremely poor prognosis and an incidence that is rising faster than any other solid cancer worldwide. Therefore, because of the increasing burden of EAC, there has been much research aimed at understanding the development of BE, in order to develop new ways to combat this disease. BE arises as a consequence of chronic reflux. Whilst the central role of reflux in driving the development of BE has been well established, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that accompany this process remain to be fully elucidated. Understanding the drivers at a fundamental level is crucial for the rational design of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the progression of, or even reversing, BE. In this article we review some of the recent advances that have contributed to our understanding of BE pathogenesis, including new findings on the possible cellular origins of the metaplastic epithelium, and the morphogens and transcription factors that putatively drive the conversion of the squamous epithelium to an intestinal-like columnar epithelium.	esophagus
The prognostic implications of microvascular density and lymphatic vessel density in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Comparative analysis between the traditional whole sections and the tissue microarray.	Focal distribution of microvascular and lymphatic vessels is a critical issue in cancer, and is measured by tissue microarray (TMA) construction from paraffin-embedded surgically obtained tissues, a process that may not accurately reflect true focal distribution. The aim of this study was to assess the concordance of microvascular density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in TMAs with corresponding whole sections, and to correlate the MVD or LVD with clinicopathological parameters in 124 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MVD, determined by CD105 immunohistochemistry of whole sections, was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.000) and pTNM stage (p=0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that increasing CD105 microvessel count correlated with decreasing survival (p<0.001). The same result was acquired when MVD was calculated from tissue microarrays. Analysis of continuous data showed a highly significant correlation between whole sections and TMA data (Pearson r=0.522, p<0.001). Increasing LVD, as determined by D2-40 immunohistochemistry of whole sections, correlated with decreasing survival, but this relationship was undetectable using TMAs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that for the selected endothelial markers, TMAs can provide a realistic and reliable estimate of the extent of MVD, but not LVD in ESCC samples.	esophagus
Low SOX17 expression is a prognostic factor and drives transcriptional dysregulation and esophageal cancer progression.	The transcriptional network of the SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 (SOX17) and the prognostic impact of SOX17 protein expression in human cancers remain largely unclear. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic effect of low SOX17 protein expression and its dysregulation of transcriptional network in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Low SOX17 protein expression was found in 47.4% (73 of 154) of ESCC patients with predicted poor prognosis. Re-expression of SOX17 in ESCC cells caused reduced foci formation, cell motility, decreased ESCC xenograft growth and metastasis in animals. Knockdown of SOX17 increased foci formation in ESCC and normal esophageal cells. Notably, 489 significantly differential genes involved in cell growth and motility controls were identified by expression array upon SOX17 overexpression and 47 genes contained putative SRY element in their promoters. Using quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and promoter activity assays, we confirmed that MACC1, MALAT1, NBN, NFAT5, CSNK1A1, FN1 and SERBP1 genes were suppressed by SOX17 via the SRY binding-mediated transcriptional regulation. Overexpression of FN1 and MACC1 abolished SOX17-mediated migration and invasion suppression. The inverse correlation between SOX17 and FN1 protein expression in ESCC clinical samples further strengthened our conclusion that FN1 is a transcriptional repression target gene of SOX17. This study provides compelling clinical evidence that low SOX17 protein expression is a prognostic biomarker and novel cell and animal data of SOX17-mediated suppression of ESCC metastasis. We establish the first transcriptional network and identify new suppressive downstream genes of SOX17 which can be potential therapeutic targets for ESCC.	esophagus
Low Toxicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Treated With Abdominal and Pelvic Radiation Therapy.	OBJECTIVE: To determine the short-term and long-term toxicity of abdominal and pelvic radiation therapy in a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesize that with newer techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), patients with IBD can safely undergo abdominal and pelvic radiation, with low risk for major acute or late toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen consecutive patients with IBD (14 with ulcerative colitis, 5 with Crohn disease) who were treated with abdominal or pelvic external beam radiation therapy at Stanford University from 1997 to 2011 were identified. Fourteen patients were treated with IMRT and 5 were treated with 3D-CRT. Treated sites included prostate (n=8), gastric/esophageal (n=5), rectal/anal (n=3), and liver (n=3) tumors. Charts were reviewed and toxicity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Acute Events version 4.0. Median follow-up was 32.5 months. Fisher exact test was used to determine if any clinical and/or treatment factors were associated with toxicity outcomes. RESULTS: Acute grade ≥3 toxicity occurred in 2 patients (11%). Late grade ≥3 toxicity occurred in 1 patient (6%). Acute grade ≥2 toxicity occurred in 28% of patients treated with IMRT versus 100% of patients treated with 3D-CRT (P=0.01). Acute grade ≥2 gastrointestinal toxicity was lower in patients treated with IMRT versus 3D-CRT (14% vs. 100%, respectively, P=0.002). Late grade ≥2 toxicity occurred in 21% of patients. Higher total dose (Gy) and biologically effective dose (Gy) were associated with increased rates of late grade ≥2 toxicity (P=0.02 and 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that select patients with IBD can safely undergo abdominal and pelvic radiation therapy. The use of IMRT was associated with decreased acute toxicity. Acute and late severe toxicity rates were low in this patient population with the use of modern radiation techniques.	esophagus
Identification of biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using feature selection and decision tree methods.	Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is one of the most common fatal human cancers. The identification of biomarkers for early detection could be a promising strategy to decrease mortality. Previous studies utilized microarray techniques to identify more than one hundred genes; however, it is desirable to identify a small set of biomarkers for clinical use. This study proposes a sequential forward feature selection algorithm to design decision tree models for discriminating ESCC from normal tissues. Two potential biomarkers of RUVBL1 and CNIH were identified and validated based on two public available microarray datasets. To test the discrimination ability of the two biomarkers, 17 pairs of expression profiles of ESCC and normal tissues from Taiwanese male patients were measured by using microarray techniques. The classification accuracies of the two biomarkers in all three datasets were higher than 90%. Interpretable decision tree models were constructed to analyze expression patterns of the two biomarkers. RUVBL1 was consistently overexpressed in all three datasets, although we found inconsistent CNIH expression possibly affected by the diverse major risk factors for ESCC across different areas.	esophagus
Comparison of the long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for superficial squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in Japan.	OBJECTIVES: Few studies have simultaneously evaluated the long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection (ER) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the esophagus in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of ER for superficial esophageal cancer in consecutive patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective study from a single institution. From April 2001 to June 2012, 204 patients with SCC and 26 patients with AC were included from a total of 355 consecutive patients who were treated by esophageal ER at the Tohoku University Hospital. Patients with submucosal invasion deeper than 200 μm and lymphovascular involvement were excluded. The intervention followed was endoscopic therapy. RESULTS: Overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence rates were evaluated as long-term outcomes. In the SCC group, during the median observation time of 36.5 months (range, 6-120 months), 22 (10.8%) patients experienced metachronous recurrence, 4 (2.0%) patients experienced local recurrence, and 27 (13.2%) patients died from causes unrelated to SCC. In the AC group, during the median observation time of 45.5 months (range, 6-131 months), one patient (3.8%) experienced metachronous recurrence and two (7.7%) died from causes unrelated to AC. The cumulative 5-year overall survival rates were not significantly different between SCC (75.9%) and AC (88.9%) (P=0.120). The cumulative 5-year disease-free survival rates of SCC (57.1%) were significantly lower than those of AC (85.2%; P=0.017). The cumulative 5-year recurrence rates of SCC (32.0%) were significantly higher than those of AC (4.2%; P=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of recurrence after ER was higher in patients with SCC than that in patients with AC. These findings suggest that, by detecting AC of the esophagus earlier, a satisfactory prognosis without recurrence can be expected after ER in Japan, and more rigorous endoscopic follow-up is necessary after ER in patients with SCC than in those with AC.	esophagus
[Multiple primary cancers of the esophagus and hepatocellular carcinoma-a report of 4 cases].	Esophageal cancer (EC) often occurs synchronously or metachronously with other primary cancers; however, the occurrence of multiple primary cancers (MPC) of the esophagus and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is relatively rare. We reviewed the records of patients with MPC of the esophagus and HCC treated at our hospital during the past decade. Of the 537 EC patients, 126 (23.5%) had MPC. Of these 126 patients, 4 (3.2%) had MPC of the esophagus and HCC. MPC of the esophagus was synchronous in 1 patient and metachronous in the other 3. HCC was diagnosed by liver biopsy in 2 patients and by imaging studies in the other cases. The patient with synchronous MPC underwent surgery for MPC and HCC simultaneously and was alive 34 months later. We believe that liver tumors occurring with EC should be evaluated carefully by liver biopsy or imaging studies, and simultaneous surgery could be considered for the treatment of synchronous MPC of the esophagus and HCC.	esophagus
[Five cases of chylothorax following esophageal carcinoma resection cured by lipiodol lymphangiography].	Chylothorax following resection for esophageal carcinoma is a relatively rare complication. There is no proven therapy for chylothorax. We report 5 cases of chylothorax following resection for esophageal carcinoma that were cured by Lipiodol lymphangiography. The tumor was located in the middle thoracic esophagus and cervical esophagus in 4 and 1 cases, respectively. The depth of tumor invasion before preoperative therapy was T4 and T1b in 3 and 2 cases, respectively. The thoracic duct was ligated and resected in 2 cases and preserved in 3 cases. Chylothorax was diagnosed on the basis of the identification of chyle-like hydrothorax, and conservative therapy was initiated in all cases. However, it was not effective. Therefore, continuous subcutaneous octreotide was instituted in 3 cases. The discharge from the thoracic tube persisted. Eventually, Lipiodol lymphangiography was performed in all cases. The pleural effusion drainage decreased immediately, and the thoracic drain was withdrawn 5-9 days after lymphangiography in 4 cases. However, the volume of discharge did not change, and therefore, thoracic duct ligation was performed in 1 case. Lipiodol lymphangiography was performed for chylothorax following esophageal carcinoma resection in 5 cases. It was effective in 4 cases. Lipiodol lymphangiography may be an effective therapeutic method for treating conventionally untreatable chylothorax.	esophagus
[Evaluation of false-negative lymph nodes diagnosed by fludeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography in cases of metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].	We have encountered many cases wherein the metastatic nest of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma occupied only a small space in the lymph nodes because of which computed tomography( CT) and fludeoxy glucose( FDG)-positron emission tomography( PET) could not detect the lymph node metastasis satisfactorily. The false-negative lymph nodes that were not detected by FDG-PET before surgery were smaller in diameter, rate of occupation, and area of occupation than the true-positive lymph nodes. The smallest area of the cancer nest in the true-positive group was 7.5 mm2, and therefore, it was reasonable to consider a 5-mm diameter area as the criteria for correct diagnosis by FDG-PET. Most of the false-negative lymph nodes with a large area of carcinoma were attached to the primary tumor; therefore, they could not be precisely identified. The detection of false-negative lymph nodes by FDG-PET was not precise because of increases in the quantity of stroma-like cells in poorly differentiated carcinomas and in fibrosis caused by neoadjuvant therapy in the lymph nodes.	esophagus
[Evaluation of tumor heterogeneity for esophageal squamous cell cancer by dynamic FDG-PET].	The aim of this study is to assess the tumor heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell cancer by dynamic FDG-PET (dPET). Thirty patients were enrolled in this study. Images were obtained after intravenous injection of 370 MBq of 18F-FDG for 1 h. The time-density curve of the standardized uptake value( SUV) was evaluated quantitatively by fractal analysis. Tumor fractal dimension (FD) maps were acquired, and the FD of the tumor was measured. There was a significant correlation between FD and the clinical response to adjuvant therapy. The FD reduction rates of adjuvant therapy were 23.23% in the responder group and 5.83% in the nonresponder group. FD may be a valid imaging biomarker for assessing the response to neoadjuvant therapy.	esophagus
[A case of primary esophageal carcinoma treated with 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin and curatively resected after complete response].	A 76-year-old woman visited the hospital for difficulty during swallowing. Endoscopy revealed the presence of an esophageal tumor, and she was referred to our hospital for further examination. A subsequent endoscopy revealed a whole rounded type 3 tumor in the lower esophagus. Computed tomography( CT) scan showed swelling of the lymph node( number 106recL), and no remote metastasis was observed. A diagnosis of Lt type 3, T3N1M0, clinical Stage III esophageal cancer was made, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy( NAC) with 5-fluorouraci(l 5-FU) plus cisplatin( CDDP) was administered. The only side effect noted was grade 1 anorexia. Endoscopy after 2 courses of NAC revealed only scars, and no tumor was detected. CT showed remarkable reduction of the lymph nodes and esophageal wall thickness. Subtotal esophagectomy by right thoracotomy, retrosternal gastric tube reconstruction, and 3-field lymph node dissection were performed. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed the absence of malignant cells in the esophagus and presence of metastasis in the lymph node (Effect 3). Although we have encountered 49 cases of esophageal cancer treated with NAC at our center, this was the first case in which pathologically complete response was achieved. Here, we report a rare case of esophageal carcinoma, which was curatively resected after complete response was achieved following treatment with 5-FU/CDDP as NAC.	esophagus
[A case of neuroendocrine cell carcinoma of the esophagus with lung metastases successfully treated with CPT-11/CDDP].	A 70-year-old man presented with dysphagia to another institution and was referred to our hospital. We diagnosed the patient with primary neuroendocrine cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Following 2 courses of CDDP+5-FU+ADM combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the primary tumor had reduced in size. Thereafter, we performed subtotal esophagectomy by right thoracotomy, retrosternal gastric tube reconstruction, and 2-field lymph node dissection. Computed tomography scan 3 months after the surgery revealed lung metastasis. He received CPT-11+CDDP chemotherapy, and the disease was diagnosed as cCR. At present, he is alive without any evidence of recurrence 12 months after the surgery.	esophagus
[Successful treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus by combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil plus nedaplatin following tracheal stent tube placement-a case report].	The patient was a 68-year-old man who complained of hoarseness and dyspnea. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a type 3 tumor located in the middle thoracic esophagus at 30 cm from the incisor tooth that involved one-fourth of the circumference of the esophagus. Histopathological examination revealed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Chest computed tomography( CT) revealed severe tracheal stenosis due to compression by a metastatic lymph node along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. The patient was diagnosed as having cT4( 106recL-trachea), N2( 101L, 106recL, 106recR), M0, Stage IVa unresectable esophageal carcinoma. After insertion of a tracheal stent tube( spiral Z stent: diameter, 18 mm; length, 80 mm) to improve dyspnea, combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil( 5-FU) plus nedaplatin was administered. Subsequent CT and endoscopy showed that the main tumor and the metastatic lymph node had significantly reduced in size and that complete response (CR) had been achieved. Thirty months after the initial treatment, the patient showed no sign of disease recurrence, after completion of 19 cycles of chemotherapy. The patient did not experience any severe adverse events. We report a case of a patient with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus successfully treated with 5-FU/nedaplatin combination chemotherapy following tracheal stent tube placement.	esophagus