crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
[Analysis of incidence and mortality for upper digestive tract cancers and results of early detection and treatment program in Feicheng, Shandong Province].	Objective: To investigate the trend of esophageal and stomach cancer incidence and mortality in Feicheng during 2000 to 2013, and to evaluate the effects of the national project of screening for upper digestive tract cancers from 2006 to 2015 in Feicheng. Methods: We collected 26 569 cases, which were coded of C15 and C16 in the 10th edition of international classification of diseases (ICD) during the period of 2000-2013. The data came from cancer registration system of Feicheng, Shandong Province, China. These cases already covered 21 679 882 person-year. The annual percent change (APC) of incidence and mortalit were analyzed. The risk factors of upper gastrointestinal cancer were investigated and evaluated for people aging 40-69 in three street offices and eleven townships of Feicheng, and endoscopic screening was conducted among people who was in high risk. The corresponding data were used to analyze the early detection project of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening and early diagnosis, with the index of detection rate, early diagnosis rate, early treatment rate and other indicators. Result: There were 26 569 new cases of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer occurred in Feicheng from 2000 to 2013. The incidence of esophageal cancer gradually increased since 2000 with 76.06 per 100 000 people (575/756 005) and reached the peak in 2010 with incidence rate of 118.76 per 100 000 people (852/717 429), with the annual percent change at about 4.3% (95%CI: 2.7%-5.9%) and showed a downward trend after then but has no significance, with APC about-7.1% (95%CI:-15.8%-2.5%). The incidence of gastric cancer was increased from 2000 with an incidence rate of 37.70 per 100 000 people (285/756 005) to 2013 with an incidence rate of 54.59 per 100 000 (538/985 512), with an annual percent change of about 3.3% (95%CI: 2.1%-4.5%). Esophageal cancer and gastric cancer mortality showed a relatively stable trend during 2000 to 2013, esophageal cancer with APC about 0.1% (95%CI: -1.3%-1.5%) and stomach cancer with APC about 0.8% (95%CI: -0.5%-2.0%). From 2006 to 2015, 58 579 residents aged 40-69 years old participated cancer screening project covered 206 105 populations in Feicheng. There were 1 124 invasive cancers and in situ cases from upper digestive tract were detected, with the detective rate at 1.92%. Among those cases, 941 cases were in early stage with the early diagnosis rate of 83.72%, and about 88.97% of detected patients received appropriate treatment after diagnosis. Conclusion: The incidence of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer with a very high level of incidence and mortality, this made the prevention and control situation was still very serious. The project of cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment on upper digestive tract cancers in Feicheng plays a positive role on cancer control.	esophagus
[Analysis of the incidence and age characteristics of upper gastrointestinal cancer among 2003-2012 in the high incidence area of esophageal cancer, Cixian County, in Hebei Province].	Objective: To investigate the overall incidence and age distribution of upper digestive tract cancer in Cixian county, and to provide a reliable basis of prevention and treatment for upper gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: Collected annual incidence rate among 2003-2012 from Cixian cancer registry and abstracted all incidence rate of upper digestive tract cancer. The age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population (ASR China) was calculated using the national population composition of 2000. The age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population (ASR world) was calculated using the world population composition of 1964 of Segi's. The annual average change (APC) was used to estimate the growth rate of the last two years in comparision with the first two years, which was calculated by Joinpoint regression model. The data was divided into two sections (from 2003 to 2007, and from 2008 to 2012), and the rate difference of different age group was calculated. Results: The crude incidence rate of the digestive tract cancer from 2003 to 2012 was 165.36/100 000 (10 309/6 234 346), which dropped from 170.75/10 100 000 (1 029/602 638) of 2003 to 146.02/100 000 of 2012 (936/640 991).The PC and APC of the crude incidence rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer were-12.96%, and-1.54% (95%CI:-3.22%-0.07%), respectively. The PC and APC of ASR China were-10.83%, and-1.30% (95%CI: 2.54%-0.03%), respectively. The PC and APC of ASR world were-9.82%, and-1.13% (95%CI:-2.20%--0.03%), respectively. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer decreased. The incidence rate of 2003-2007 and 2008-2012 were 171.55/100 000 (5 239/3 048 593), and 159.41/10 000 (5 070/3 180 514), respectively and the rate difference was-12.15/100 000. The decrease of rate difference of 70 to 74 years old was the most (-340.32/100 000) and the increase of rate difference over the age of 85 was the most (447.21/100 000). Conclusion: From 2003 to 2012, the crude incidence of upper digestive tract cancer in Cixian showed a decreasing trend, and the 70-74 years old age group shows the most obvious decline.	esophagus
Nomogram-based prediction of survival in patients with advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma receiving first-line chemotherapy: a multicenter prospective study in the era of trastuzumab.	BACKGROUND: To develop and validate a nomogram and web-based calculator to predict overall survival (OS) in Caucasian-advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (AOA) patients undergoing first-line combination chemotherapy. METHODS: Nine hundred twenty-four AOA patients treated at 28 Spanish teaching hospitals from January 2008 to September 2014 were used as derivation cohort. The result of an adjusted-Cox proportional hazards regression was represented as a nomogram and web-based calculator. The model was validated in 502 prospectively recruited patients treated between October 2014 and December 2016. Harrell's c-index was used to evaluate discrimination. RESULTS: The nomogram includes seven predictors associated with OS: HER2-positive tumours treated with trastuzumab, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, number of metastatic sites, bone metastases, ascites, histological grade, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Median OS was 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.5-6.6), 9.4 (95% CI, 8.5-10.6), and 14 months (95% CI, 11.8-16) for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively (P<0.001), in the derivation set and 4.6 (95% CI, 3.3-8.1), 12.7 (95% CI, 11.3-14.3), and 18.3 months (95% CI, 14.6-24.2) for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively (P<0.001), in the validation set. The nomogram is well-calibrated and reveals acceptable discriminatory capacity, with optimism-corrected c-indices of 0.618 (95% CI, 0.591-0.631) and 0.673 (95% CI, 0.636-0.709) in derivation and validation groups, respectively. The AGAMENON nomogram outperformed the Royal Marsden Hospital (c-index=0.583; P=0.00046) and Japan Clinical Oncology Group prognostic indices (c-index=0.611; P=0.03351). CONCLUSIONS: We developed and validated a straightforward model to predict survival in Caucasian AOA patients initiating first-line polychemotherapy. This model can contribute to inform clinical decision-making and optimise clinical trial design.	esophagus
Capilliposide C Sensitizes Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells to Oxaliplatin by Inducing Apoptosis Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway.	BACKGROUND Although platinum-based chemotherapy is the most effective strategy for esophageal cancer, toxicity and drug resistance limit the dose administration and the application of chemotherapy. Capilliposide C (CPS-C) is isolated from the Chinese herb Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl and is approved to be effective against carcinomas. However, the activity of CPS-C against esophageal cancer remains unclear. The present study was conducted to assess the chemosensitizing effects of CPS-C for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells and explore the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) TE-1 and TE-2 were used. Several in vitro and in vivo analyses were carried out, including MTT, Annexin V/PI, Western blot, and TUNEL and immunohistochemistry in a xenograft model. RESULTS CPS-C significantly enhanced the proliferative inhibition and apoptotic effect of oxaliplatin in ESCC cells. Oxaliplatin combined with CPS-C decreased the expressions of PI3K, phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL, and increased the expression of Bax and caspase-3 significantly compared to oxaliplatin-only treatment. Furthermore, in the ESCC xenograft model, CPS-C significantly enhanced the anti-cancer effects and apoptosis of oxaliplatin. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that CPS-C enhanced the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of oxaliplatin by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway on ESCC in vitro and in vivo.	esophagus
Novel candidate genes may be possible predisposing factors revealed by whole exome sequencing in familial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the deadliest of all the cancers. Its metastatic properties portend poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence. A more advanced method to identify new molecular biomarkers predicting disease prognosis can be whole exome sequencing. Here, we report the most effective genetic variants of the Notch signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility by whole exome sequencing. We analyzed nine probands in unrelated familial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma pedigrees to identify candidate genes. Genomic DNA was extracted and whole exome sequencing performed to generate information about genetic variants in the coding regions. Bioinformatics software applications were utilized to exploit statistical algorithms to demonstrate protein structure and variants conservation. Polymorphic regions were excluded by false-positive investigations. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed for Notch signaling pathway candidates. We identified novel and damaging variants of the Notch signaling pathway through extensive pathway-oriented filtering and functional predictions, which led to the study of 27 candidate novel mutations in all nine patients. Detection of the trinucleotide repeat containing 6B gene mutation (a slice site alteration) in five of the nine probands, but not in any of the healthy samples, suggested that it may be a susceptibility factor for familial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Noticeably, 8 of 27 novel candidate gene mutations (e.g. epidermal growth factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, MET) act in a cascade leading to cell survival and proliferation. Our results suggest that the trinucleotide repeat containing 6B mutation may be a candidate predisposing gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, some of the Notch signaling pathway genetic mutations may act as key contributors to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	esophagus
Role of Adjuvant Treatment in Esophageal Cancer With Incidental Pathologic Node Positivity.	BACKGROUND: The optimal adjuvant treatment for cT1-2 N0 esophageal cancer patients found to have pathologic nodal involvement after an upfront operation is unclear. This study investigated the effects of postoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiation therapy on overall survival in cT1-2 N0 patients with incidental pN(+) disease stratified by margin status. METHODS: We identified cT1-2 N0 M0 esophageal carcinoma patients from 2004 to 2012 from the National Cancer Data Base. Patients were categorized as having received surgical resection alone, surgical resection followed by chemotherapy (S+CT), and surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiation therapy (S+CRT). Subset analyses were conducted on margin-negative and margin-positive patients. Overall survival was compared by Kaplan-Meier estimation, the log-rank test, and multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 443 patients, 52.6% received surgical resection alone, 18.7% received S+CT, and 28.6% received S+CRT. Significantly more adenocarcinoma patients received adjuvant treatment (50.8%) than squamous cell carcinoma patients (27.7%, p = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, S+CT (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 0.91; p = 0.014) and S+CRT (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval,. 0.55 to 0.98; p = 0.038) both were associated with significantly increased overall survival. These findings persisted among margin-negative patients. However, in margin-positive patients, S+CRT (hazard ratio, 0.29; p = 0.002) was the only treatment arm that was associated with significantly improved survival compared with surgical resection alone. CONCLUSIONS: Among cT1-2 N0 pN(+) esophageal cancer patients, adjuvant chemotherapy may be sufficient for margin-negative patients, whereas adjuvant chemoradiation therapy appears necessary for margin-positive patients. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.	esophagus
A longitudinal assessment of psychological distress after oesophageal cancer surgery.	BACKGROUND: Psychological distress is common among patients with oesophageal cancer. However, little is known about the course and predictors of psychological distress among patients treated with curative intent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence, course and predictors of anxiety and depression in patients operated for oesophageal cancer, from prior to surgery to 12 months post-operatively. METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients with oesophageal cancer (n = 218) were recruited from one high-volume specialist oesophago-gastric treatment centre (St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK). Anxiety and depression were assessed prior to surgery, 6 and 12 months post-operatively. Mixed-effects modelling was performed to investigate changes over time and to estimate the association between clinical and socio-demographic predictor variables and anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with anxiety was 33% prior to surgery, 28% at 6 months, and 37% at 12 months. Prior to surgery, 20% reported depression, 27% at 6 months, and 32% at 12-month follow-up. Anxiety symptoms remained stable over time whereas depression symptoms appeared to increase from pre-surgery to 6 months, levelling off between 6 and 12 months. Younger age, female sex, living alone and more severe self-reported dysphagia (i.e., difficulty swallowing) predicted higher anxiety symptoms. In-hospital complications, greater limitations in activity status and more severe self-reported dysphagia were predictive of higher depression. CONCLUSIONS: Many patients report psychological distress during the first year following oesophageal cancer surgery. Whether improving the experience of swallowing difficulties may also reduce distress among these patients warrants further study.	esophagus
Glycemic Status and Prognosis of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus.	BACKGROUND: The impact of glycemic status on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prognosis is unclear. METHODS: A total of 623 patients who underwent curative subtotal esophagectomy for ESCC were evaluated. Diabetes was defined as a prior diagnosis of diabetes under treatment or newly diagnosed diabetes based on preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.0%, whereas good glycemic control was defined as HbA1c < 7.0%. The impact of glycemic status on long-term survival after esophagectomy was evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 623 patients, 64 (10.3%) had diabetes including 30 (4.8%) with poor glycemic control. Although diabetes did not influence patient survival, patients with poor glycemic control had worse overall and disease-specific survival compared with those with good glycemic control (P = 0.011 and 0.039, respectively). Comparing poor glycemic control with good glycemic control, the hazard ratios (HRs) for overall and disease-specific mortality were 1.91 (1.15-3.18) and 1.89 (1.02-3.49) in univariate analysis. After multivariate adjustment, poor glycemic control also had increased risk of overall and disease-specific mortality [HR 1.72 (95% CI 1.02-2.88) and 1.65 (95% CI 0.89-3.08), respectively]. Poor glycemic control did not increase the risk of overall or disease-specific mortality in patients with stages 0-II disease but significantly increased this risk in those with stages III-IV disease [HR 2.05 (1.14-3.69) and 1.95 (1.01-3.80), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Poor glycemic control is an independent risk factor for overall and disease-specific mortality after esophagectomy for advanced-stage ESCC.	esophagus
Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR functions as miRNA sponge to promote the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence indicates dysregulated expression of the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR (lncRNA-HOTAIR) may play a significant role in tumor progression. LncRNA-HOTAIR promotes several processes in esophageal cancer (EC), including cell growth, differentiation, invasion and migration. However, the mechanisms by which lncRNA-HOTAIR promotes invasion and migration EC remain unclear. METHODS: LncRNA-HOTAIR and miR-148a expression were quantified in 40 paired human EC and tumor-adjacent tissues and EC cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The CCK8 assay was used to quantify cell proliferation. Transwell invasion and migration assays were performed to assess cell invasion and migration. Western blot analysis was used to quantify E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail2 expression. StarBase V2.0 was used to identify putative miRNA binding sites in lncRNA-HOTAIR; luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate the function of the predicted binding sites. RESULT: High lncRNA-HOTAIR expression was associated with significantly poorer overall survival in EC. In vitro analysis showed lncRNA-HOTAIR enhanced EC cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and promoted the EMT. Mechanistic investigations revealed lncRNA-HOTAIR promotes the EMT by acting as a miR-148a sponge to positively regulate Snail2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA-HOTAIR acts as a miR-148a sponge to positively regulate Snail2 expression, enhance cell invasion and metastasis, and promote the EMT in EC. LncRNA-HOTAIR may play an important role in tumor development and progression and represent a novel therapeutic target for EC.	esophagus
Minimally Invasive, Organ-preserving Surgery for Large Submucosal Tumors in the Abdominal Esophagus.	BACKGROUND: Surgical resection of submucosal tumors (SMTs) in the abdominal esophagus is not standardized. Enucleation may be a minimally invasive option, whereas its oncological validity is not very clear. Moreover, how to treat the esophageal wall defect after enucleation and necessity of additional antireflux procedure are also undetermined. METHODS: In 13 patients with a SMT originating the abdominal esophagus laparoscopic enucleation was performed with preserving the integrity of submucosa. When the muscular layer defect was <4 cm it was directly closed by suturing, whereas it was left open in case the defect was larger. Fundoplication was added when the esophagus was dissected posteriorly or the myotomy was not closed. RESULTS: Tumors were resected en-bloc without rupture in all cases. In 5 patients myotomy was closed, whereas in the remaining 8 it was left open. In 11 patients fundoplication was added (Toupet in 5 and Dor in 6). The patients developed neither regurgitation nor stenosis postoperatively. The histopathologic findings revealed leiomyoma in 9 patients, whereas the other 4 were miscellaneous. The average tumor size was 5.5 cm (range, 2.8 to 8.8). Microscopically surgical margin was negative in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic enucleation of SMTs in the abdominal esophagus seems to be safe, reproducible operation enabling preservation of function of the lower esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Even when the muscular defect is not approximated additional fundoplication can minimize the risk of postoperative reflux disease.	esophagus
Residual Recurrent Nerve Paralysis After Esophagectomy is Associated with Preoperative Lower Serum Albumin.	Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is invasive thoracic surgery with a high incidence rate of postoperative complications and prolongation of hospitalization, even if the standardized clinical pathway improves the outcome (mortality and morbidity). Postoperative recurrent nerve paralysis (RNP) is related to respiratory complications concomitant with prolonged hospitalization. However, it has not been elucidated which factors affect the incidence and recovery of RNP. To detect the predictive factor for postoperative RNP, we focused on preoperative serum albumin. Patients who had esophageal cancer with standard esophagectomy were evaluated. In total, 94 patients were divided into three groups depending on the presence of RNP (46 in patients without RNP, 29 in those with transient RNP who recovered within 6 months follow-up and 19 in those with residual RNP). We retrospectively investigated factors associated with residual RNP. Preoperative lower serum albumin was associated with residual RNP. In addition, days to the resumption of oral intake and duration of stay in the hospita postoperatively were delayed in the group of residual RNP. Multiple regression analysis indicated that preoperative serum albumin was a predictive factor for residual RNP. Preoperative lower serum albumin level might be linked to residual RNP which could prolong the resumption of postoperative oral intake and shorten the period of stay at the hospital after esophagectomy, leading to unfavorable outcomes for patients.	esophagus
Role of modern immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies: a review of current clinical progress.	Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of highly aggressive malignancies with a huge disease burden worldwide. There is clearly a significant unmet need for new drugs and therapies to further improve the treatment outcomes of GI malignancies. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment strategy that is emerging as an effective and promising treatment option against several types of cancers. CTLA-4 and PD-1 are critical immune checkpoint molecules that negatively regulate T cell activation via distinct mechanisms. Immune checkpoint blockade with antibodies directed against these pathways has already shown clinical efficacy that has led to their FDA approval in the treatment of several solid tumors including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and head and neck cancer. This review will summarize the current clinical progress of modern immunotherapy in the field of GI tumors, with a special focus on immune checkpoint blockade.	esophagus