crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
[Serum proteomic spectra of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients analyzed with IMAC3 protein chip].	BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Serum protein fingerprinting technology can help to identify the molecular changes related to esophageal carcinogenesis. This study was to screen serum markers and establish the predictive models that may be of help to serologic diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 68 ESCC patients and 44 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects, and randomized into a training set (55 ESCC patients and 35 healthy subjects) and a blind testing set (13 ESCC patients and 9 healthy subjects). Serum samples were applied to immobilized metal affinity capture (IMAC3) proteinchip surfaces and tested by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). The data were analyzed by Biomarker Wizard software to screen serum proteomic biomarkers. Decision classification tree models were established by bioinformatics. Double-blind test was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the classification tree models. RESULTS: A total of 78 effective protein peaks were detected at the molecular range of 1.5 to 20 ku, among which 25 were significantly different between ESCC patients and healthy subjects (P<0.001). All the peptide pattern data were sampled randomly for 1,000 times using 3-cross validation approach, and 1,000 decision tree models were obtained. Twenty decision trees with the highest cross validation rate were chosen to construct the classification models which can differentiate ESCC patients from healthy subjects. With these decision trees, 18 samples were correctly forecasted from 22 blind testing samples, with a sensitivity of 92.31% and a specificity of 66.67%. CONCLUSION: SELDI-TOF-MS technique combined with decision tree model can help to identify serum proteomic biomarkers related to ESCC and the predictive models can discriminate ESCC patients from healthy people effectively.	esophagus
Modern methods to predict costs for the treatment and management of head and neck cancer patients: examples of methods used in the current literature.	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last year, several groups have used various methods to calculate economic costs to patients with early- and late-stage head and neck cancer, cost comparisons of palliative treatments, patient time costs associated with cancer care, and the impact of new diagnostic technologies which need formal cost-effectiveness assessment to determine their value. RECENT FINDINGS: Late-stage oral and oropharyngeal cancer treatment is more expensive than early-stage. Photodynamic therapy is cost-effective for esophageal cancer. Head and neck cancer patients spend more time receiving care than control cancer. Multimodal therapy for oropharynx cancer has a higher inpatient utilization than a radio (chemo) approach. Positron emission tomography in combination with computed tomography has a high accuracy, positive predictive value, and ability to find unknown primaries. Soluble CD44 and methylation status are highly sensitive and specific for detecting head and neck cancer. The Washington University head and neck cancer comorbidity index was successful at predicting 5-year costs of head and neck cancer. SUMMARY: Evidence-based studies to inform head and neck cancer care providers are limited. As this available literature proliferates, it should inform providers and policy makers about optimizing the quality and cost of healthcare expenses.	esophagus
Cytologic detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions using balloon samplers and liquid-based cytology in asymptomatic adults in Llinxian, China.	"OBJECTIVE: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is associated with very high regional mortality rates in several countries. Our initial test of esophageal cytology screening devices found them not sensitive enough for an early detection program. The current study tested a newly designed ""mechanical"" balloon and a traditional Chinese inflatable balloon, followed by liquid-based cytology, to detect biopsy-proven squamous dysplasia and early cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Participants were randomized to a cytologic sampler, followed by endoscopy with iodine staining. For each patient, the cytologic diagnosis (test) was compared with the worst endoscopic biopsy diagnosis (truth). RESULTS: Seven hundred forty subjects completed both examinations. Approximately 30% showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), and 10% showed squamous intraepithelial lesions. Seven hundred twenty-five subjects (98%) had satisfactory biopsies, and 32% had low grade dysplasia or worse disease. Defining > ASCUS, favor neoplastic, as a positive screening test, the sensitivities/specificities of the mechanical and inflatable balloons were 39%/85% and 46%/84%, respectively, for detecting any squamous dysplasia or cancer. CONCLUSION: These esophageal cell samplers performed equivalently, but the accuracy was still too low for a primary screening test. These results highlight the need to develop new cytologic criteria or molecular markers that can better detect early squamous esophageal disease [corrected]"	esophagus
Laparoscopic gastric resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumors.	BACKGROUND: This study aimed to review clinical outcomes for patients selected to undergo laparoscopic resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach. METHODS: All 112 laparoscopic gastric resections performed from February 1995 to March 2007 were reviewed. Pre- and postoperative variables were analyzed, and data are given as mean +/- standard deviation. RESULTS: Laparoscopic gastric resection was attempted for 63 GIST in 61 patients (31 men and 30 women) with a mean age was 59.1 +/- 19 years. The tumors were located at the fundus (n = 19), antrum (n = 18), body (n = 17), gastroesophageal junction/cardia (n = 7), and pylorus (n = 2). Common presentations were upper gastrointestinal bleed (n = 29) and incidental finding on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (n = 17). The laparoscopic procedures performed were partial gastrectomy (n = 52), antrectomy (n = 4), esophagogastrectomy (n = 3), and endoscopically assisted and/or transgastric resection (n = 3). There was one conversion to open procedure for control of bleeding from the spleen. The mean tumor size was 3.8 +/- 1.8 cm. Negative surgical margins were achieved in all but one case. The mean operative time was 151.9 +/- 67.3 min, and the mean estimated blood loss was 97.4 +/- 200.7 ml. A regular diet was resumed at a mean of 2.9 +/- 1.6 days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 3.9 +/- 2.2 days. The perioperative complication rate was 16.4% including deep vein thrombosis postoperative bleed, anastomotic stricture, and incisional hernia. One mortality occurred, due to respiratory failure. The GISTs included 48 rated as low risk, six rated as intermediate risk, and nine rated as high malignant potential. At a mean follow-up period of 15 +/- 21.8 months (range, 0-103 months), three of nine patients with high malignant potential GIST experienced, respectively, metastatic disease to the liver, liver and lung, and peritoneum. At this writing, all the other patients are disease free. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic gastric resection for GIST is a feasible option. Adequate oncologic resection was achieved with 98.4% of patients chosen for laparoscopic resection. Resection margin positivity and recurrence rates are low after laparoscopic approaches for appropriately selected patients with GIST, demonstrating favorable characteristics.	esophagus
[Salvage surgery after definitive chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma].	Definitive chemoradiation has become an effective modality for the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma, although local residual lesions or recurrence are detected in more than 50% of patients. For those patients, resection is the only salvage therapy. More than 40% of patients who undergo complete resection survive. After chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma, severe adhesions may develop between the primary lesion and surrounding vital organs, leading to difficulty in R0 resection. Systemic function including the lungs, heart, and bone marrow could be also severely impaired. This may result in many severe complications after salvage surgery, such as airway necrosis or mediastinitis. To reduce complications, we restrict lymph node dissection, conserve the right bronchial artery, and reconstruct with a gastric tube through the poststernal course. It is also important to modify the method in each case. The more patients select chemoradiation for curative therapy of esophageal carcinoma, the more salvage surgery is needed. Surgeons should consider the indications and techniques for esophageal surgery to increase cure rates and decrease morbidity.	esophagus
[Thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer].	Thoracoscopic esophagectomy for cancer has become common in the 10 years after the introduction of the procedure, with advances in instrumentation and techniques. Thoracoscopic surgery is associated with the advantage of preserving pulmonary function and reducing pulmonary complications by reducing chest wall injury and blood loss. Although it cannot be evaluated subjectively, understanding the microanatomy under a magnified view, education through viewing on a monitor, and the ability to reproduce the whole procedure are advantages. However, to perform lymph node dissection as efficiently as in open surgery, substantial learning of the procedure is necessary. To steepen the learning curve, sharing and disclosing knowledge and information are essential, as well as direct instruction and hands-on seminars given by skilled experts.	esophagus
[Standard radical esophagectomy in thoracic esophageal cancer].	In Japan, the standard radical surgical procedure in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer is right thoracoabdominal esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy. However, with the development of endoscopic surgery and improvements in chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, the role of radical surgery has been changing. The indications for radical surgery are stage I disease without indications for endoscopic resection (endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection), stage II disease, or stage III disease without T 4 tumors. Because of the favorable results of chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of stage I disease, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) started a randomized, controlled trial comparing surgery and chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of stage I thoracic esophageal cancer. The 5-year overall survival rates in patients who underwent surgery alone for thoracic esophageal cancer were 88% with stage I and 52% with stage II + III disease in Japan. The most important area in lymphadenectomy is the region from the neck to superior mediastinum, and three-field dissection is widely performed in Japan. However, there is no evidence that three-field dissection is necessary or that two-field dissection is sufficient. The efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of thoracic esophageal cancer was confirmed in a Japanese randomized, controlled trial and it is expected that the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy will change from post- to pre-surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy).	esophagus
[Recent advances of endoscopic treatment for esophageal cancer].	The indications for endoscopic treatment are limited to cases without lymph node metastasis, because it is only a local therapy. The relationship between cancer depth and lymph node metastasis has been clarified based on the pathologic analysis of lymph nodes removed during esophagectomy for early esophageal cancer. Cancer confined to the lamina propria mucosa rarely undergoes lymph node metastasis and complete endoscopic resection (ER) is indicated. ER allows the esophagus to be preserved and is less invasive, enabling specimens to be pathologically examined. Lesions extending over large area can be resected by repeating endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), but have recently been resected using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), as indicated for gastric cancer. Which of the two procedures, EMR or ESD, to be chosen depends on the difficulty, skill of the surgeon, time to be spared, and economic management. ER is now performed in SM1 without lymph node metastasis, although some patients require additional treatment after pathologic examination of resected lesions.	esophagus
[Current status of initial staging and posttreatment response evaluation in esophageal carcinoma].	There has been remarkable progress in diagnostic modalities in recent years. The development of endoscopic instruments and introduction of fluoro deoxy glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and sentinel node (SN) diagnosis markedly improved diagnostic quality. The requirement for individualized treatment is increasing with the progress in less-invasive treatment, and therefore it is necessary to select the optimal treatment individually on the basis of accurate tumor staging. In diagnosis of the T category, zoom endoscopy and autofluorescence imaging/narrow band imaging technology improved the diagnostic accuracy of T1 stage. T2 or higher tumors are diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and multidetector computed tomography (CT). In diagnosis of the N category, FDG-PET was expected to be useful. However, it often gave false-negative lymph node (LN) results, and was revealed to have low sensitivity in contrast to high specificity. It is important to detect swollen LNs using CT and then to assess qualitatively the presence or absence of metastasis with EUS and FDG-PET. SN diagnosis using radioisotopes as tracers was introduced as preliminary research for subsequent less-invasive surgery. In diagnosis of the M category, FDG-PET is currently the most important to obtain additional information missed on CT, because FDG-PET can assess the whole body. For response evaluation to neoadjuvant treatment, FDG-PET is extremely useful. It can predict histologic response and postoperative survival accurately and allow diagnosis of distant metastases in the entire body simultaneously. All information needed for a decision on surgical indications can be acquired noninvasively, and therefore FDG-PET may be the key modality in multimodality treatment.	esophagus
p53 and Ki-67 in Barrett's carcinoma: is there any value to predict recurrence after circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection?	BACKGROUND: There are situations in which the specimens obtained after endoscopic mucosal resection of superficial adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's esophagus are not adequate for histopathological assessment of the margins. In these cases, immunohistochemistry might be an useful tool for predicting cancer recurrence. AIM: To evaluate the value of p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in predicting the cancer recurrence in patients with Barrett's esophagus-related cancer referred to circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection. METHODS: Mucosectomy specimens from 41 patients were analyzed. All endoscopic biopsies prior to endoscopic mucosal resection presented high-grade dysplasia and cancer was detected in 23 of them. Positive reactions were considered the intense coloration in the nuclei of at least 90% of the cells in each high-power magnification field, and immunostaining could be classified as superficial or diffuse according to the mucosal distribution of the stained nuclei. RESULTS: Endoscopic mucosal resection samples detected cancer in 21 cases. In these cases, p53 immunohistochemistry revealed a diffuse positivity for the great majority of these cancers (90.5% vs. 20%), and Ki-67 showed a diffuse pattern for all cases (100% vs. 30%); conversely, patients without cancer revealed a superficial or negative pattern for p53 (80% vs. 9.5%) and Ki-67 (70% vs. 0%). During a mean follow-up of 31.6 months, 5 (12.2%) patients developed six episodes of recurrent cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection specimens did not show any significant difference in the p53 and Ki-67 expression for patients developing cancer after endoscopic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry were useful to confirm the cancer; however, they had not value for predicting the recurrent carcinoma after circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection of Barrett's carcinoma.	esophagus
Globular adiponectin, acting via adiponectin receptor-1, inhibits leptin-stimulated oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation.	Obesity increases the risk of developing several cancers including oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Obesity is characterised by hyperleptinaemia and hypoadiponectinaemia: we have hypothesised that these hormonal factors may contribute to the progression of OAC. We have examined the effects of leptin and adiponectin on proliferation of OAC cells. Leptin-stimulated proliferation in four different OAC lines (OE33, OE19, BIC-1 and FLO) and this was inhibited by globular but not full length adiponectin. All four OAC lines expressed both adiponectin-receptor isoforms (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Globular adiponectin also inhibited leptin-induced proliferation in rat IEC-18 cells which only expressed AdipoR1. Specific inhibitors of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (Compound C) and serine/threonine phosphatases (okadaic acid) and a specific siRNA to AdipoR1 blocked the anti-proliferative effects of adiponectin. Adiponectin inhibited leptin-induced Akt phosphorylation; this action was sensitive to okadaic acid but not to Compound C. Adiponectin deficiency may contribute to the promotion of OAC in obesity.	esophagus
Cisplatin enhances the antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand gene therapy via recruitment of the mitochondria-dependent death signaling pathway.	Despite adequately expressing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors DR4/DR5, malignant cells are frequently refractory to the cytotoxic effect of this apoptosis-inducing ligand. The susceptibility of cancer cells to TRAIL can be potentiated by cisplatin (CDDP). This study was designed to evaluate the ability of cisplatin to enhance the cytotoxic effect of TRAIL gene therapy using the recombinant adenovirus-mediated tumor-selective expression of membrane-bound green fluorescence protein (GFP)-TRAIL fusion protein (AdVgTRAIL) on thoracic cancer cells and to elucidate the putative mechanisms responsible for this synergistic combination effect. While causing little death of cultured thoracic cancer cells by itself, AdVgTRAIL in combination with CDDP, on the other hand, mediated profound supra-additive cytotoxicity and apoptosis via a strong bystander effect. CDDP/AdVgTRAIL-induced cytotoxicity was completely abrogated either by the pancaspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk or by the selective caspase 9 inhibitor or by transient knockdown of caspase 9 by siRNA, indicating that this process was caspase-mediated and mitochondria-dependent. This was confirmed by the observation that Bcl2 overexpression protected the cells from combination-induced cytotoxicity. Robust activation of caspase 8 activity in combination-treated cells was blocked by overexpression of Bcl2, indicating that caspase 8 activation was secondary to the mitochondria-mediated amplification feedback loop. Combining CDDP with AdVgTRAIL greatly enhances its tumoricidal efficacy in cultured thoracic cancer cells in vitro. The two agents interact to mediate profound activation of caspase cascade via recruitment of the mitochondria and positive feedback loop. The CDDP/AdVgTRAIL combination also exhibits a strong antitumor effect in in vivo animal model of human cancer xenografts.	esophagus
From cancer genomics to thoracic oncology: discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung and esophageal carcinoma.	Over the last decade, many genetic and epigenetic alterations involved in the development and progression of lung and esophageal cancers have been reported, but their precise molecular mechanisms have remained unclear. Although novel drugs targeting some of these molecular targets have been developed, they provide limited survival benefits to only a small subset of cancer patients, and only a small number of practically useful biomarkers are presently available. To identify the molecules involved in lung and esophageal carcinogenesis and those applicable as novel tumor biomarkers and for the development of new molecular therapies, we performed gene expression profile analysis of 101 archived lung cancers and 19 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas whose tumor cells were purified by laser microdissection. Through a subsequent systematic approach using tissue microarray, RNA interference, and high throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques as well as bioinformatics, we have identified a set of molecules that fall into the category of oncoantigens. These molecules are potentially promising candidates for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic drugs, and/or immunotherapy; there is also a small subset of biomarkers for predicting the presence of lymph node metastasis in surgically treated patients. In this article, we introduce our sophisticated and integrated cancer genomics strategy for improving the treatment of cancer patients.	esophagus
Esophageal carcinosarcoma with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma.	Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is a rare malignant neoplasm. It often presents as a large intraluminal polypoid tumor with early onset of symptoms resulting in prompt diagnosis. We present here the first case of a carcinosarcoma of the esophagus that had a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma component in addition to the osteosarcoma and without a transitional zone. A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with a polypoid tumor in middle third of the esophagus causing dysphagia. Local recurrence and solitary pulmonary metastasis occurred 16 and 30 months after initial excision of the tumor, respectively. Prompt and aggressive surgical resection is mandatory for carcinosarcoma of the esophagus.	esophagus
[Relative frequency of esophageal squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in a series of endoscopic biopsies performed in Rosario, Argentina].	OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative frequency of adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma in a series of endoscopic biopsies of the esophagus registered in consecutive order in a pathology laboratory in the city of Rosario, Argentina, during two time periods: 1992-1999 and 2000-2006. To determine if the relative frequency of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased over that of squamous carcinoma, in keeping with the trends noted in other Western countries. METHODS: We studied the endoscopic esophageal biopsies diagnosed with infiltrating adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma and Barrett's esophagus (BE) between 1992 and 2006. The relative frequency of these cancers were compared for the periods 1992-1999 and 2000-2006 using the z-test. A distribution analysis for age and sex was performed by the chi-square test using a confidence level (alpha) of 0.05. RESULTS: In all, 125 infiltrating squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas were found. The relative frequency of adenocarcinoma/squamous carcinoma for the entire series was 0.33/0.67; for the period from 1992-1990, 0.28/0.72; and from 2000-2006, 0.38/0.62. The differences were not statistically significant. Males constituted 75.6% of the cases of adenocarcinoma and 57.1% of the cases of squamous carcinomas; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 66.0 years of age for adenocarcinoma and 67.9 years for squamous carcinoma. The frequency of infiltrating carcinoma was greater among the men than among the women of the age group under 65 years (P < 0.025). BE was diagnosed at a rate of 6:1 relative to adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma were predominant among men, though adenocarcinoma was the major part of these. The relative frequency of adenocarcinoma rose 10% in the last 7 years of the series compared with the first 7 years. This difference was not significant, but it may signal a general trend similar to that described in other countries.	esophagus