crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
miR-18a-5p and ATM Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Correlations with Clinicopathological Features.	OBJECTIVE: To investigate miR-18a-5p and ataxia telangiectasia muted (ATM) expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their correlations with clinicopathological features. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 62 ESCC patients (research group, RG) and 57 healthy controls (control group, CG) presented to our hospital between July 2019 and April 2020. Peripheral blood (PB) miR-18a-5p and ATM levels in these participants were quantified via qRT-PCR, and the correlations of the two genes with ESCC patients' clinicopathological characteristics were investigated. In addition, a two-year follow-up was performed on ESCC patients to understand their survival, so as to further determine the prognostic utility of miR-18a-5p and ATM in ESCC. Factors influencing patient outcomes were identified by COX analysis. RESULTS: PB miR-18a-5p expression was higher in RG compared with CG, while ATM was lower, suggesting an inverse connection between the two genes in ESCC (P < 0.001). miR-18a-5p and ATM levels were determined to be strongly linked to TNM stage, differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis in ESCC patients (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007). The patients who succumbed to the disease exhibited higher miR-18a-5p and lower ATM than the survival (P < 0.05). ROC analysis suggested favorable evaluation effects of miR-18a-5p and ATM on the occurrence and prognostic death of ESCC (P < 0.001). Further, these two genes were identified by the COX analysis to be factors independently affecting the prognosis of ESCC. CONCLUSION: miR-18a-5p is highly expressed in ESCC, and ATM is underexpressed, both of which are closely linked to the pathological process of ESCC and have a good evaluation effect on the occurrence and prognosis of ESCC, which may become a breakthrough in future diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.	esophagus
Efficacy of lidocaine injection method for esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection: single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.	BACKGROUND: Intraoperative body movements are one of the causes of difficulty in performing esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) under conscious sedation. The use of local anesthetics as local injection materials during ESD may overcome this difficulty. We clinically evaluated the lidocaine injection method (LIM) in the submucosa during esophageal ESD. METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. Patients who underwent esophageal ESD under conscious sedation from June 2018 to May 2021 were included in this study. In the LIM group, lidocaine was used for submucosal injection during ESD; in the control group, ESD was performed without lidocaine. The primary outcome was the presence of body movements. RESULTS: Fifty patients were enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio in two groups. The incidence of body movements was significantly lower in the LIM group (12% [3/25]) than in the control group (48% [12/25]; P = 0.01). The median additional dose of midazolam was 2 mg (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.5-4 mg) in the LIM group and 4 mg (IQR: 3-6 mg) in the control group, which was significantly lower in the LIM group (P < 0.01). The median visual analog scale score for endoscopist satisfaction was 7 (IQR: 5-8) in the LIM group and 5 (IQR: 4-6.5) in the control group, which was significantly higher in the LIM group. CONCLUSIONS: LIM during esophageal ESD reduced body movements while decreasing the level of sedation. Therefore, LIM during esophageal ESD is an option for maintaining good sedation (UMIN000032804).	esophagus
Nivolumab with or without chemotherapy for metastatic gastroesophageal cancers and future perspectives.	INTRODUCTION: Gastroesophageal cancers (GEC) are frequently found at the advanced stage. GEC treatment advancements have been limited and prognosis, therefore, remains poor. Through numerous clinical trials, the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors, including nivolumab, to conventional therapy has demonstrated a survival benefit. AREAS COVERED: Here, we focus on the function of nivolumab in patients with advanced GECs. We discuss the most recent trials that led to nivolumab's incorporation into therapy and pathways forward. EXPERT OPINION: Nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy appears well tolerated, with only a small number of patients reporting severe toxicity; therefore, it may be possible to add additional biological agents to improve outcomes. A number of 'nivolumab plus other agents' is currently being investigated, and we anticipate continued advancement in GEC management in the coming years.	esophagus
Ongoing Controversies in Esophageal Cancer I: Feeding Tubes, Pyloroplasty, Thoracic Duct Clipping.	Reducing perioperative morbidity and mortality following esophagectomy remains central to surgeons' intraoperative decision-making. There remains wide variation in the technical approaches to esophagectomy and the employment of prophylactic strategies to reduce postoperative complications. In this article, we discuss the ongoing controversies related to feeding tube placement, pyloroplasty, and thoracic duct clipping and the evidence regarding these procedures.	esophagus
Neoadjuvant Therapy in Esophageal Cancer.	Locally advanced esophageal cancer has a dismal prognosis. Surgery remains the cornerstone treatment with 5-year survival rates of approximately 12-39%. Rates of local failure and distant metastases are high following surgical resection of locally advanced tumors. Neoadjuvant therapy (either radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination) prior to surgery carries the advantage of tackling micrometastases and improving complete resection rates. Neoadjuvant concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy are a favored approach with evidence for improved pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and improved survival compared with surgery alone. Randomized trials of the optimal neoadjuvant approach are ongoing.	esophagus
Esophageal Cancer Staging.	Accurate staging is imperative in the management of esophageal cancer Over the years, different treatment modalities have evolved, ranging from endoscopic resection to traditional surgical resection and multimodal approaches, including the addition of chemotherapy, with or without radiation. In this article, we discuss the different stage groups, which guide the clinician in determining staging for esophageal cancer, and subsequent guidance in appropriate treatment modalities for each patient. These groups are based on tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging and have recently been refined into clinical TNM pathologic TNM, and post-neoadjuvant (ypTNM).	esophagus
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0003823 promotes the Tumor Progression, Metastasis and Apatinib Resistance of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by miR-607/CRISP3 Axis.	Background: Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have attracted a growing interest of research in cancer. The regulatory roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in progression, metastasis and drug resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) needed to be clarified. Our previous study revealed the crucial role of Apatinib in ESCC therapy. However, the correlation between circRNAs and Apatinib resistance remained unclear. Methods: 3 pairs of tumor and paracancerous tissues of ESCC patients were used for RNA sequencing. Western blot analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), dual-luciferase reporter assays, apoptosis and animal assays were conducted to confirm the roles and specific mechanisms of hsa_circ_0003823 as well as the effects of it on Apatinib sensitivity in ESCC. Results: Our results revealed that hsa_circ_0003823 was highly expressed in ESCC and associated with poor prognosis. Further results indicated that hsa_circ_0003823 promoted proliferation and metastasis ability of ESCC. In the section of mechanism experiments, hsa_circ_0003823 regulated CRISP3 by targeting microRNA-607 (miR-607) to promote progression of ESCC. Besides, we found that silencing hsa_circ_0003823 improved Apatinib sensitivity. hsa_circ_0003823 resulted in Apatinib resistance by miR-607/CRISP3 axis. Conclusions: In this study, we elucidated the function of hsa_circ_0003823 and its role in promoting tumor progression, metastasis and Apatinib resistance of ESCC through miR-607/CRISP3 axis.	esophagus
Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound in predicting treatment efficacy of salvage endoscopic therapy for local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Salvage endoscopic therapy, including endoscopic resection (ER) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), is effective for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in local failure after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Resection with pathologically vertical margin-negative (VM0) for ER and local complete response (L-CR) for PDT are important surrogate prognostic markers for each therapy's efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in predicting the efficacy of salvage endoscopic therapy in local failure after CRT for ESCC. METHODS: We included patients who underwent EUS followed by ER or PDT for local failure after CRT or radiotherapy for ESCC from 2006 to 2020. We evaluated EUS findings associated with VM0 resection for ER and L-CR for PDT, which included the status of the outermost part of the submucosal layer, tumor thickness, and tumor invasion length into the muscularis propria (MP) layer. RESULTS: Thirty and 47 patients were enrolled into the ER and PDT groups, respectively. The VM0 resection rate in the ER group was 87% (26/30). The EUS findings associated with VM0 resection were tumor thickness < 2.3 mm (p = 0.01) and preserved hyperechoic line of the outermost part of the submucosa layer (p < 0.01). The L-CR rate in the PDT group was 69% (32/47). The EUS findings associated with L-CR were tumor thickness < 5.0 mm (p < 0.01) and tumor invasion length into the MP layer < 1.6 mm (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: EUS can be useful in predicting the efficacy of salvage endoscopic treatment for local failure after CRT for ESCC.	esophagus
Gene polymorphisms of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Sudanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: The polymorphisms of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN1A) gene and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) gene may increase one's susceptibility to malignancies. In this study, the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) CDKN1A rs1059234 c.70C>T at the 3' untranslated region and MMP9 rs17576 (c.836A>G, p.Gln279Arg) with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Sudanese individuals were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study involving age- and gender-matched groups were conducted in a cancer center in eastern Sudan (Gadarif) between April and October 2020. The case group consisted of ESCC patients, whereas the control group comprised healthy subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed for the genotyping of the CDKN1A rs1059234 and MMP9 rs17576 SNPs. The genotyping results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The genotype distributions for CDKN1A rs1059234 and MMP9 rs17576 were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The variant allele T in CDKN1 rs1059234 c.70C>T was significantly more prevalent in the ESCC patients than in the healthy controls [51.3% vs. 19.2%; OR = 4.4; 95% CI (2.6-7.4); p < 0.001]. Moreover, in CDKN1A rs1059234, the genotype TC + TT [76.9% vs. 38.4%; OR = 5.3; 95% CI (2.6-10.7); p < 0.001] was more frequent in the cases than in the controls, and it was significantly associated with ESCC risk. In MMP9 rs17576, the variant allele G was also significantly prevalent in the cases relative to the controls, and it was significantly associated with increased ESCC risk in the cases compared with the controls [27.5% vs. 1.9%; OR = 19.4; 95%CI (5.8-64.1); p < 0.001]. Both genotypes containing the allele G (AG + GG) were the most common genotypes in the cases [48.7% vs. 3.8%; OR = 23.7; 95%CI (6.8-81.7); p < 0.001], and they significantly increased the risk of ESCC. CONCLUSION: A significant increase in ESCC risk is associated with the SNPs CDKN1A rs1059234 and MMP9 rs17576.	esophagus
miR-140-3P Induces Chemotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Carcinoma by Targeting the NFYA-MDR1 Axis.	Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is recognized as the 6th most frequent carcinoma in China, with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) being the predominant histologic type. Currently, chemotherapy is one among the most important therapy modalities for patients with ESCC. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs leads to limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In our study, the analysis of small RNA sequencing and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling was done to recognize the microRNAs (miRNAs) and key genes related with drug resistance in ESCC. It was noticed that the hsa-miRNA-140-3p (miR-140-3p) expression was considerably higher in drug-resistant cells than in sensitive cells. In addition, DGE identified target genes of miR-140-3p might perform key roles in ESCC. Furthermore, this work exhibited that miR-140-3p represents the nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (NFYA) gene by targeting its 3'-untranslated regions. Such an interaction might influence the formation of the transcription factor NFY trimer, which in turn may inhibit the transcription of the multidrug resistance 1 gene and, ultimately, to multidrug resistance in ESCC. The inhibition of miR-140-3p decreased resistance to oxaliplatin in EC. Therefore, miR-140-3p may serve as a molecular marker for treatment response, efficacy, and prognosis of chemotherapy in ESCC patients.	esophagus
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors: A case series pilot study (with video).	INTRODUCTION: Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UW-EMR) has been recently introduced as an effective technique for rectal third layer subepithelial tumors. Therefore, we aimed to assess the safety, efficacy, and procedure time of UW-EMR for upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs) originating from the deep mucosal and/or submucosal layers. METHODS: Between August 2018 to July 2022, a total of 17 SETs (7 duodenal SETs, 6 gastric SETs, and 4 esophageal SETs) were included in this study. On endoscopic ultrasound examinations, the tumors were found to be embedded in the submucosa without muscularis propria invasion. All SETs were resected successfully using UW-EMR. The characteristics of the tumors and their R0 resection rate, adverse event rate, and recurrence rate were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean tumor size was 0.9 cm (range, 0.3-1.5 cm). En bloc resection and complete resection rates were 100%, respectively. The patients showed no complications such as perforation or bleeding. Histologic assessments of the resected tumors revealed 9 neuroendocrine tumors (7 on the duodenum, 2 on the stomach), 2 gastric cystica profunda, 1 gastric follicular lymphoma, 1 gastric fibromyxoma, 3 esophageal granular cell tumors, and 1 esophageal adenoid cystic carcinoma. The mean procedural time was 3.2 min (range, 1.3-8.7 minutes). The overall en bloc and complete resection rates were 100%, respectively. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: UW-EMR is a safe and effective treatment for upper gastrointestinal SETs embedded in the submucosal layer. Further studies are needed to compare other endoscopic resection techniques.	esophagus
Incidence of Brain Metastasis as First Event in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma: a Report from Three Prospective Alliance Clinical Trials.	PURPOSE: Historically, reported incidence of brain metastasis secondary to esophageal carcinoma is low. We sought to determine the incidence of brain metastasis in a contemporary cohort of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. METHODS: Data from patients with localized esophageal carcinoma prospectively enrolled on three curative intent Alliance treatment trials (N0044, N0342, N044E) were reviewed including time to diagnosis of first progression event (brain versus other site) and overall survival. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients comprised the cohort of which 85% were male and 86% had adenocarcinoma primary tumor histology. Thirty-nine of the 85 patients had documented progression to any site, and of those, brain metastasis occurred as the first event in 15% (6 of 39). Adenocarcinoma was the primary histology in all 6 patients and tumor grade was high (3 or 4) in 5 of the 6 patients (one not documented). Median time to brain metastasis (9.6 months) versus non-brain metastasis (12.4 months) and median survival after first progression (5.4 months versus 8.1 months, respectively) were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: In this prospective cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma, those with high-grade adenocarcinoma appear to have a higher incidence of brain metastasis than historically reported. The pattern of brain metastases corroborates recent findings in terms of incidence, predominance of adenocarcinoma primary tumor histology, timing after diagnosis, and overall survival. Further study to confirm these findings, as well as the value of baseline, restaging and follow-up cranial imaging for brain metastasis is recommended. GOV IDENTIFIERS: NCT00022139 (NCCTG N0044), NCT00100945 (NCCTG N0342), and NCT00100945 (NCCTG N044E).	esophagus
Secular trends in the mortality of gastrointestinal cancers across China, Japan, the US, and India: An age-period-cohort, Joinpoint analyses, and Holt forecasts.	BACKGROUND: Colon cancer, esophageal cancer, and stomach cancer are the common causes of morbidity and mortality in China, Japan, the US., and India. The current study aims to assess and compare secular trends of the mortality of gastrointestinal cancers during the period, 1990-2017 in age-specific, time period, and birth cohort effects. METHOD: We used the Joinpoint model to collect age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for four countries. We designed an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis to estimate the independent effects on the mortality of three types of cancers. RESULT: The Joinpoint model shows that in addition to the death rate of esophageal cancer in Japan, the ASMR of esophageal cancer and stomach cancer in other countries declined rapidly. The APC analysis presented a similar pattern of age effect between four countries for colon cancer and stomach cancer, which increased from 20 to 89 age groups. Differently, the period effect rapidly increased for esophageal cancer and stomach cancer in the US, and the period effect in China presented a declining volatility, showing its highest value in 2007. In future, highest mortality trends are likely to occur in China. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the obvious increase in colon cancer recommended that earlier tactics must be performed to reduce mortality from specific causes from 2018 to 2027.	esophagus
HCP5 prevents ubiquitination-mediated UTP3 degradation to inhibit apoptosis by activating c-Myc transcriptional activity.	Inducing cancer cell apoptosis through cytotoxic reagents is the main therapeutic strategy for diverse cancer types. However, several antiapoptotic factors impede curative cancer therapy by driving cancer cells to resist cytotoxic agent-induced apoptosis, thus leading to refractoriness and relapse. To define critical antiapoptotic factors that contribute to chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we generated two pairs of parental and apoptosis-resistant cell models through cisplatin (DDP) induction and then performed whole-transcriptome sequencing. We identified the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) histocompatibility leukocyte antigen complex P5 (HCP5) as the chief culprit for chemoresistance. Mechanistically, HCP5 interacts with UTP3 small subunit processome component (UTP3) and prevents UTP3 degradation from E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29)-mediated ubiquitination. UTP3 then recruits c-Myc to activate vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) expression. Activated VAMP3 suppresses caspase-dependent apoptosis and eventually leads to chemoresistance. Accordingly, the expression level of the HCP5/UTP3/c-Myc/VAMP3 axis in chemoresistant patients is significantly higher than that in chemosensitive patients. Thus, our study demonstrated that the HCP5/UTP3/c-Myc/VAMP3 axis plays an important role in the inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis and that HCP5 may be a promising chemosensitivity target for cancer treatment.	esophagus
Linear- versus circular-stapled esophagogastric anastomosis during esophagectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis.	BACKGROUND: Different techniques have been described for esophagogastric anastomosis. Over the past decades, surgeons have been improving anastomotic techniques with a gradual shift from hand-sewn to stapled anastomosis. Nowadays, circular-stapled (CS) and linear-stapled (LS) anastomosis are commonly used during esophagectomy. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2022. The included studies evaluated short-term outcomes for LS vs. CS anastomosis in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer. Primary outcomes were anastomotic leak (AL) and stricture (AS). Risk ratio (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used as pooled effect size measures whereas 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to assess relative inference. RESULTS: Eighteen studies (2861 patients) were included. Overall, 1371 (47.9%) underwent CS while 1490 (52.1%) LS. Compared to CS, LS was associated with a significantly reduced RR for AL (RR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.54-0.91; p < 0.01) and AS (RR = 0.32; 95% CI 0.20-0.51; p < 0.0001). Stratified subgroup analysis according to the level of anastomosis (cervical and thoracic) still shows a tendency toward reduced risk for LS. No differences were found for pneumonia (RR 0.78; p = 0.12), reflux esophagitis (RR 0.74; p = 0.36), operative time (SMD -0.25; p = 0.16), hospital length of stay (SMD 0.13; p = 0.51), and 30-day mortality (RR 1.26; p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: LS anastomosis seems associated with a tendency toward a reduced risk for AL and AS. Although surgeon's own training and experience might direct the choice of esophagogastric anastomosis, our meta-analysis encourages the use of LS anastomosis.	esophagus
Population-based investigation of common and deviating patterns of gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer incidence across populations and time.	BACKGROUND: The subtypes of gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal cancer (EC) manifest distinct epidemiological profiles. Here, we aim to examine correlations in their incidence rates and to compare their temporal changes globally, both overall and by subtype. METHODS: Long-term incidence data were obtained from population-based registries available from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series. Variation in the occurrence of EC and GC (overall and by subtype) was assessed using the GC:EC ratio of sex-specific age-standardised rates (ASR) in 2008-2012. Average annual per cent changes were estimated to assess temporal trends during 1998-2012. RESULTS: ASRs for GC and EC varied remarkably across and within world regions. In the countries evaluated, the GC:EC ratio in men exceeded 10 in several South American countries, Algeria and Republic of Korea, while EC dominated in most sub-Saharan African countries. High rates of both cardia gastric cancer and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were observed in several Asian populations. Non-cardia gastric cancer rates correlated positively with ESCC rates (r=0.60) and negatively with EAC (r=-0.79). For the time trends, while GC incidence has been uniformly decreasing by on average 2%-3% annually over 1998-2012 in most countries, trends for EC depend strongly on histology, with several but not all countries experiencing increases in EAC and decreases in ESCC. CONCLUSIONS: Correlations between GC and EC incidence rates across populations are positive or inverse depending on the GC subsite and EC subtype. Multisite studies that include a combination of populations whose incidence rates follow and deviate from these patterns may be aetiologically informative.	esophagus