crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Double endoscopic technique for operative dilation of esophageal strictures resistant to conventional therapy.	Esophageal strictures are a common problem causing significant morbidity for affected patients. Most can be treated safely and successfully with esophageal dilation. We have treated two patients with post-radiation esophageal strictures so tight that standard dilation technique failed even with an aggressive approach. We utilized a technique for operative dilation of these strictures using both antegrade and retrograde endoscopes. This approach for refractory esophageal strictures has only twice been previously reported. In both patients, a gastrostomy was placed and an endoscope was subsequently passed from the stomach retrograde up to the level of the stricture. Another endoscope was passed from above down to the proximal portion of the stricture. Illuminating the stricture, using fluoroscopy, carefully passing a wire, and grasping and pulling the wire with forceps from the opposite endoscope allowed for safe passage through the stricture. Savary dilators were utilized to effectively dilate the strictures. A method for protection of the lumen for subsequent dilations by passing a small catheter through the stricture was also developed. This technique offers an option for patients with otherwise untreatable strictures, with the major advantage of visualization from above and below.	esophagus
Genetic pathways and mutation profiles of human cancers: site- and exposure-specific patterns.	Cancer is a complex disease that involves the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic alterations of numerous genes. Data in the Genetic Alterations in Cancer database for gene mutations and allelic loss [loss of heterozygosity (LOH)] in human tumors (e.g. lung, oral, esophagus, stomach and colon/rectum) were reviewed. Results for the genes and pathways implicated in tumor development at these sites are presented. Mutation incidence, spectra and codon specificity are described for lung, larynx and oral tumors. LOH occurred more frequently than gene mutations in tumors from all sites examined. The cell cycle gene, TP53 (all sites), and cell signaling gene, APC (colorectal and gastric cancers), were the only genes with similar incidences of LOH and mutation. Alterations of one or more cell cycle and cell signaling genes were reported for tumors from each site. Site-specific activation was apparent in the cell signaling mitogen-activated protein kinase oncogenes (KRAS in lung, HRAS in oral cancers and BRAF in esophageal and colorectal cancers). Analysis of genetic changes in lung tumors showed that the incidence of mutations in the TP53 and KRAS genes and the incidence of LOH in the FHIT gene were significantly greater in smokers versus non-smokers (P < 0.01). In lung and oral cancers, the TP53 GC --> TA transversion frequency increased with tobacco smoke exposure (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the TP53 mutational hot spots for lung and laryngeal cancers from smokers included codons 157, 245 and 273, whereas for oral tumors included codons 280 and 281.	esophagus
Short tandem repeat polymorphism in exon 4 of esophageal cancer-related gene 2 detected in genomic DNA is a prognostic marker for esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms in exon 4 of the esophageal cancer-related gene 2 (ECRG2) are a risk marker for esophageal carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to correlate these STRs with clinical outcome. METHODS: Genomic DNA of 86 patients who underwent complete surgical resection was analyzed for STRs TCA3/TCA3, TCA3/TCA4, and TCA4/TCA4 in exon 4 of ECRG2 by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: ECRG2 STR TCA3/TCA3 and TCA3/TCA4 were found in 40 (47%) patients, respectively, and TCA4/TCA4 in 6 (7%) cases. TCA3/TCA3 genotype was significantly associated with reduced survival (P < .05, log-rank test). TCA3/TCA3 STR was the strongest prognostic factor determined by multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Genetically fixed STR polymorphism TCA3/TCA3 in exon 4 of ECRG2 is associated with poor clinical outcome in surgically treated esophageal cancer patients and might be a potential prognostic marker. The usefulness of these genetic markers to predict responsiveness toward neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer patients would be of high clinical interest and should be examined in future studies.	esophagus
Influence of bright light therapy on postoperative patients: a pilot study.	Bright light therapy is a method of maintaining or restoring the natural circadian rhythm by assisting daytime awakening using bright lights. Postoperative delirium is one of the potential complications encountered by patients receiving postoperative care in the intensive care unit (ICU), but there have been no studies on the use of light for the prevention of postoperative delirium. The objective of this study was to examine whether the circadian rhythms of patients after surgery for oesophageal cancer can be adjusted and whether the postoperative delirium crisis rate can be reduced by bright light therapy. The subjects were 11 patients operated on for oesophageal cancer in Osaka University Hospital. After informed consent was obtained, they were divided into a study group and a control group by a random sampling method. After removal of the endotracheal tube, the study group was exposed to light. The light intensity was about 5000lx immediately before the eyes, and the distance from the light source was about 100 cm. The control group was placed in a natural lighting environment after extubation. In both groups, the rhythms of physical activities and autonomic activities were monitored after surgery, and delirium was evaluated. A significant difference was observed in the delirium score between the study group and control group on the morning of day 3 of bright light therapy by the Mann-Whitney U-test (P=0.014). The study group could begin ambulation about 2 days earlier than the control group. Bright light therapy may reduce the rate of postoperative delirium and make early ambulation possible. However, our study involved a very small sample size. We want to increase the sample in the future after having reviewed clinical application methods.	esophagus
[A prospective longitudinal study examining the impact on short term quality of life of hand video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer].	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of hand video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (HVATS) and Ivor-Lewis surgery on short term quality of life (QL) of patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS: Thirty-nine consecutive patients with esophageal cancer were classified into HVATS group (n = 21) and Ivor-Lewis group (n = 18) randomly, all patients completed the Chinese versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 and QLQ-OES18 before treatment and at regular intervals until 6 months after operation. MEAN scores were calculated for every patient. RESULTS: Baseline functional and symptom QL MEAN scores were similar in both groups. All patients reported worse functional, symptom and global QL scores (QOL) within 6 months after operation than before. HVATS group gained higher functional, global QL scores and lower symptom scores than Ivor-Lewis group, moreover, patients' QL scores of HVATS group returned to preoperative levels more quickly than those patients in Ivor-Lewis group. Significant differences were found in global health (QOL), physical functioning, fatigue and pain scales between groups. In both groups, QLQ-OES18 dysphagia scales were improved after surgery,but no significant differences were found at scales respect to esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: HVATS esophagectomy is a safe procedure which has a low disturbance to patients' short term Quality of Life compared with Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. It might seem reasonable to choose HVATS esophagectomy for patients with early stage esophageal cancer.	esophagus
[An effective treatment by chemoradiation therapy after stent insertion for advanced esophageal cancer with esophago-pulmonary fistula--report of a case].	We report the case of a 56-year-old male who was diagnosed as advanced esophageal cancer with esophago-pulmonary fistula and lung abscess. He received radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-FU after insertion of a self-expanding metallic stent. He had sufficient food intake during the chemoradiotherapy (CRT). CRT was very effective for not only primary tumor but also lymph node metastasis, with resulting partial response. We could not detect any relapses and metastases for 8 months after CRT. The CRT after insertion of self-expanding metallic stent is one of the useful and palliative treatments for advance esophageal cancer with esophago-pulmonary fistula.	esophagus
[Suppression of RASSF1A gene on human esophageal carcinoma cells: experiments in vitro and in vivo].	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) gene, a new tumor suppressor gene (TSG), on tumorigenesis of human esophageal carcinoma cells. METHODS: pcDNA3.1 (+)-RASSF1A, a plasmid containing RASSF1A gene, and the blank plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+) were transfected into human esophageal carcinoma cells of the line EC9706. The expression of RASSF 1A protein was examined by Western blotting. The changes of cell cycle of stably-transfected cells were determined by flow cytometry (FCM), and the cellular proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. Fifteen nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups to be inoculated subcutaneously with EC9706 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+)-RASSF1A, EC9706 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+), and untransfected EC9706 cells respectively. Other 5 nude mice were used as controls. Four weeks later, the mice were killed to take out the carcinoma tissues. FCM was used to analyze the cell cycle. RESULTS: Western blotting showed that RASSF1A protein was expressed highly in the stably transfected cells. The cell viability and growing speed were decreased obviously in the cells expressing of RASSF1A (both P < 0.01); FCM showed that the proportion of cells at the G(1) phase of the EC9706 cells expressing RASSF1A was significantly higher than those in the blank plasmid group and untransfected group (both P < 0.01). The size of the EC9706 cells obtained from the nude mice inoculated with the EC9706 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+)-RASSF1A was significantly smaller than those of the pcDNA3.1 (+) group and blank plasmid group (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Expression of exogenous RASSF1A inhibits the progression of human esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. As a tumor suppressor gene, it plays an important role in origination, progression and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.	esophagus
Genetic polymorphisms in folate- metabolizing enzymes and risk of gastroesophageal cancers: a potential nutrient-gene interaction in cancer development.	Folate deficiency has been associated with certain types of human cancer. We therefore investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms in folate-metabolizing enzymes on the risk of developing gastroesophageal cancers in a Chinese population where folate deficiency is common. We found that functional polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS), two key enzymes involved in folate and methyl group metabolism, were significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cardia carcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma. The polymorphisms modulate risk of these cancers associated with low folate status. Our results suggest that MTHFR and TS genotypes may be determinant of gastroesophageal cancers in this at-risk Chinese population.	esophagus
Transforming growth factor-beta binding receptor endoglin (CD105) expression in esophageal cancer and in adjacent nontumorous esophagus as prognostic predictor of recurrence.	BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the potent neovascularization marker endoglin (CD105), by differentially highlighting a subset of microvessels (MV) in esophageal cancer (EC), could provide better prognostic/therapeutic information than the panendothelial marker CD34, which also highlights MV. METHODS: Endoglin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in normal, malignant, and adjacent nontumorous esophagus tissue was quantified by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically for CD105 and CD34. MV density was counted following a standard protocol. Circulating soluble endoglin levels were determined in patient and control sera, and compared with clinical outcome. RESULTS: CD105 mRNA was upregulated by a median factor of 2.89 in ECs versus controls. In 28% of patients, CD105 mRNA was upregulated by a median factor of 2.65 in adjacent non-tumorous versus normal tissue. In tumor tissues, CD105 was stained negatively or positively only in a subset of MV. CD34 always showed positive extensive MV staining. In adjacent nontumorous esophagus, CD105 rarely showed diffuse MV staining, while CD34 stained blood-vessel endothelial cells in all non-neoplastic tissue. CD105 expression was high in residual highly dysplastic Barrett's-type mucosa associated with some adenocarcinomas. No statistically significant difference in endoglin serum levels appeared between patients and normal subjects. Correlation with clinicopathological data showed higher intra-tumor MV-CD105+ scores at more-advanced clinical stages. High-scoring MV-CD105+ patients had significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival; MV-CD34+ density was not survival related. Diffuse CD105 expression in adjacent nontumorous esophagus predicted poorer disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings could help identify EC patients who may benefit from targeted anti-angiogenic therapies.	esophagus
TGFB1 and TGFBR2 functional polymorphisms and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control analysis in a Chinese population.	PURPOSE: Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and its receptor II (TGF-betaRII) are two key components of TGF-beta signaling and play an important role in carcinogenesis. Several functional polymorphisms were identified in TGFB1 and TGFBR2 and associated with elevated serum or plasma level of TGF-beta1 and enhanced transcription activity of TGFBR2. This population-based case-control study was to evaluate the contribution of functional polymorphisms in TGFB1 C-509T, Leu10Pro and TGFBR2 G-875A to the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: Genotyping was performed using the primer-introduced restriction analysis-PCR assay in 255 ESCC cases and 704 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population. RESULTS: The variant genotypes (-509CT/TT) of TGFB1 C-509T were associated with a 63% significantly decreased risk of ESCC (adjusted OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.27-0.50) compared with -509CC wild-type homozygote. In addition, a moderately decreased risk of ESCC was related to -875GA (adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49-0.99) but not -875AA genotype (adjusted OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.51-2.35) in TGFBR2, compared with -875GG common genotype. Furthermore, subjects carrying variant genotypes either or both of TGFB1 C-509T and TGFBR2 G-875A had a significantly reduced risk of ESCC (adjusted OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.26-0.53 for either one variant genotype and adjusted OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.19-0.48 for both variant genotypes) in a dose-response manner (chi (trend) (2) = 33.87, P < 0.001) compared with subjects with both wild-type genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with our previous findings in gastric cancer and support the hypothesis that genetic variants in TGFB1 and TGFBR2 may modulate the risk of ESCC.	esophagus
Crohn's disease masquerading carcinoma of the esophagus.	We present a 47-year-old patient with progressive dysphagia. Upper gastro intestinal endoscopy revealed middle third esophageal ulcer, the histology of which was moderately differentiated carcinoma. The patient underwent 3-stage esophagectomy with cervical gastro esophageal anastomosis. The histopathology revealed Crohn's disease of the esophagus. The clinical features and diagnosis of this rare condition are described, with review of the literature.	esophagus
Epirubicin, cisplatin, oral UFT, and leucovorin combination chemotherapy in advanced and metastatic esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: The purpose of treatment in patients with advanced and metastatic esophageal cancer is to improve symptoms and maintain quality of life. Recently, the regimen including epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-FU (ECF) has been used with protracted venous infusion (PVI), and has been reported to be an effective treatment for advanced and metastatic esophagogastric cancer. However, complications and the inconvenience associated with PVI cannot be justified for the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. Therefore, we provided treatment with oral UFT and leucovorin instead of 5-FU PVI to improve convenience and catheter related complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with advanced esophageal cancer were admitted between March 2002 and April 2005. The treatment schedule was as follows: epirubicin 50 mg/m2 iv on d 1, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 iv on d 1, oral UFT 300 mg/m2 and leucovorin 75 mg for 21 consecutive days of treatment followed by a 7-d treatment-free interval. RESULTS: The response rate was 45.9% including one complete response (95% CI: 29.8%-62%). The median survival was 13 mo (95% CI: 10-16 mo). Four patients had adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, their response rate was 75% including one complete response. Myelosuppression was the most important toxicity. Other toxicities were tolerable. CONCLUSION: The combination of epirubicin, cisplatin, UFT, and leucovorin (EPUL) could be another alternative to ECF in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. And this treatment might be more effective in adenocarcinoma of esophageal cancer.	esophagus
[Influence of perioperative hypertension on postoperative cardiovascular complications in chest cancer patients].	BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The incidence of perioperative hypertension is increasing in recent decades. Hypertension increases the risk of anaesthesia and surgical operation, and also affects the prognosis of patients apparently. This study was to investigate the influence of perioperative hypertension on postoperative cardiovascular complications in chest cancer patients. METHODS: Clinical data of 464 chest cancer patients, received thoracotomy in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University between Aug. 2005 and Dec. 2005, were analyzed. Of the 464 patients, 152 had perioperative hypertension, and 312 did not. Postoperative cardiovascular complications of the 2 groups were compared with Chi-square test. RESULTS: The 2 groups had no significant differences in age, sex, tumor type, preoperative chronic disease, and preoperative cardiovascular disease (P>0.05). Postoperative cardiovascular complications were developed in 54 patients in perioperative hypertension group (including 41 cases of arrhythmia, 8 cases of hypotension, 3 cases of heart failure, and 2 cases of cardiac ischemia) and in 53 patients in perioperative non-hypertension group (including 41 cases of arrhythmia, 9 cases of hypotension, 2 cases of heart failure, and 1 case of cardiac ischemia). The occurrence rate of postoperative cardiovascular complications was significantly higher in perioperative hypertension group than in perioperative non-hypertension group (35.53% vs. 16.99%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Perioperative hypertension obviously increases the incidence of postoperative cardiovascular complications in chest cancer patients after thoracotomy.	esophagus
Decreased plakophilin-1 expression promotes increased motility in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.	Desmosomes are prominent cell-cell adhesive junctions found in a variety of epithelial tissues, including the oral epithelium. The transmembrane core of the desmosome is composed of the desmosomal cadherins that interact extracellularly to mediate cell-cell adhesion. The cytoplasmic domain of desmosomal cadherins interact with plaque proteins that in turn interact with the keratin intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Plakophilin 1 is a major desmosomal plaque component that functions to recruit intermediate filaments to sites of cell-cell contact via interactions with desmoplakin. Decreased assembly of desmosomes has been reported in several epithelial cancers. We examined plakophilin-1 expression in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue microarray and found that plakophilin-1 expression inversely correlates with tumor grade. In addition, we sought to investigate the effect of plakophilin-1 expression on desmosome assembly and cell motility in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Cell lines expressing altered levels of plakophilin-1 were generated and the ability of these cells to recruit desmoplakin to sites of cell-cell contact was examined. Our results show that decreased expression of plakophilin-1 results in decreased desmosome assembly and increased cell motility and invasion. These data lead us to propose that loss of plakophilin-1 expression during head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression may contribute to an invasive phenotype.	esophagus
Interaction of MT1-MMP and laminin-5gamma2 chain correlates with metastasis and invasiveness in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	To gain insights into metastatic mechanisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we established sublines (MLuB1 and MLuC1) with different capacity of spontaneous lung metastasis by subcutaneous injection of a human ESCC cell line (EC 9706) into nude mices. The incidence of the mice with lung metastasis produced by MLuC1 (87%) was significantly higher than that of MLuB1 (22%). The gene expression profiles of the two sublines were compared with cDNA arrays containing 5,000 known genes, and 47 genes were differentially expressed > or =2.0 fold. Laminin-5gamma2 chain (Ln-5gamma2) was one of the up-regulated genes in MLuC1 cells. Proteolytically processed forms of gamma2 are known to promote migration of a multitude of epithelial cells in vitro. Western-blotting analysis revealed that degraded fragments of Ln-5gamma2 and active form of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) in MLuC1 was significantly higher than those in MLuB1. Expression of MT1-MMP was observed in 60 of 75 Ln-5gamma2-positive carcinoma tissues (80%). Co-expression of the two proteins was significantly associated with depth of invasion (P = 0.012). Moreover, proteolytic fragments of Ln-5gamma2 and active forms of MT1-MMP were frequently found in tumor tissues, whereas in the corresponding normal esophageal tissues there were only intact forms of gamma2 and MT1-MMP. siRNA-mediated silencing of MT1-MMP significantly reduced production of gamma2' and gamma2x in MLuC1 cells and inhibited cell migration. The results suggest that MT1-MMP is an enzyme responsible for Ln-5gamma2 cleavage in ESCC, and interaction between them may play a critical role in promoting invasion and metastasis of human ESCC.	esophagus
A case of three synchronous primary tumors demonstrated by F-18 FDG PET.	We present an F-18 FDG PET scan which demonstrates 3 synchronous primary malignancies. The patient is a 61-year-old man who presented with weight loss and dysphagia. He was initially diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the midesophagus, and was then found to have an adenocarcinoma in the right lung. A staging PET scan additionally showed increased left tonsillar uptake. Subsequent biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the left tonsil. The demonstration of 3 synchronous primaries by PET is probably rare.	esophagus