crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends of Barrett's oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal reflux and related oesophageal cancer over a 10-year period in England and Wales and associated proton pump inhibitor and H2RA prescriptions: a GPRD study.	INTRODUCTION: There is an increasing burden of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and Barrett's oesophagus (BO), paralleled by an increasing incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Using the General Practice Research Database, we derived the incidence GORD and BO and incidence of oesophageal cancer (OC) populations, between 1996 and 2005. Acid suppression treatment over the study period was also studied. RESULTS: There were 5860 patients with BO and 1 25 519 with GORD. The incidence of BO increased from 0.11 to 0.24/1000 men and from 0.06 to 0.11/1000 women. The incidence of GORD diagnosed in general practice remained stable. There were 69 incident OCs in patients with BOs and 183 incident OCs in patients with GORD occurring more than a year after the GORD diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of OC was 3.00/1000 BO patient years and 0.30/1000 GORD patient years. There was a progressive decrease in H2RA prescriptions from 39 to 14.5% and an increase in proton pump inhibitor prescriptions from 52 to 79% in patients with a new diagnosis of GORD. CONCLUSION: The incidence of BO has doubled from 1996 to 2005, whereas the incidence of GORD has remained stable. OC occurred 10 times more commonly in patients with BO than those with GORD. Proton pump inhibitor prescribing increased gradually over the study period. These trends have significant implications for healthcare planning and financing in the UK and other countries.	esophagus
Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism is a risk factor for esophageal cancer among Asians.	Investigations concerning the association of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk have generated conflicting results. Thus, meta-analyses were conducted. The overall data suggest that CCND1 G870A variation might have an association with increased esophageal cancer susceptibility. In subgroup analyses on ethnicity, homozygous AA alleles might elevate esophageal cancer risk among Asians but not Caucasians. In subgroup analysis on histological types, no association was found in either the adenocarcinoma or the squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. Collectively, results suggest that CCND1 G870A polymorphism might be a low-penetrant risk factor for esophageal carcinoma, particularly among Asians.	esophagus
Effects of a self-care education program on quality of life after surgery in patients with esophageal cancer.	In recent years, the number of quality-of-life (QOL) studies on patients with esophageal cancer has increased; however, the number of studies related to the effects of self-care education programs on QOL of these patients is scarce. This article reports on the effects of a self-care education program on QOL for patients with esophageal cancer in Babol, Iran. The quasi-experimental study had a convenience sample of 105 patients with esophageal cancer referred to oncology centers in Babol City. A quasi-random allocation technique was used to divide the sample into experimental (n = 55) and control (n = 50) groups. Appropriate instruments were used to measure QOL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-30 and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Oesophageal 18). Questionnaires were completed by the respondents before and 3 months after implementing the educational program that consisted of group discussion, lectures, and pamphlets. There was no significant difference between QOL mean score of both groups before the intervention; however, after implementing the educational program, the QOL significantly improved in the experimental group (p = .001), whereas QOL decreased in the controls. We conclude that self-care education programs have positive effects on the QOL of patients with esophageal cancer. Planning and implementing such self-care education programs, when patients are under treatment, can help them improve their QOL.	esophagus
The impact of endoscopic ultrasound findings on clinical decision making in Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or early esophageal adenocarcinoma.	The clinical utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for staging patients with Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or intramucosal carcinoma (IMC) prior to endoscopic therapy is unclear. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with HGD or IMC referred to an American medical center for endoscopic treatment between 2004 and 2010. All patients had pretreatment staging by EUS. We examined the frequency that EUS findings consistent with advanced disease (tumor invasion into the submucosa, lymph node involvement, or regional metastasis) led to a change in management. The analysis was stratified by nodularity and pre-EUS histology. We identified one hundred thirty-five patients with HGD (n = 106, 79%) or IMC (n = 29, 21%) had staging by EUS (79 non-nodular, 56 nodular). Pathologic lymph nodes or metastases were not found by EUS. There were no endosonographic abnormalities noted in any patient with non-nodular mucosa (0/79). Abnormal EUS findings were present in 8/56 patients (14%) with nodular neoplasia (five IMC, three HGD). Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed in 44 patients with a nodule, with 13% (6/44) having invasive cancer. In nodular neoplasia, the EUS and endoscopic mucosal resection were abnormal in 24% (5/21) and 40% (6/15) of those with IMC and 9% (3/35) and 0% (0/29) of those with HGD, respectively. In this study we found that EUS did not alter management in patients with non-nodular HGD or IMC. Because the diagnostic utility of EUS in subjects with non-nodular Barrett's esophagus is low, the value of performing endoscopic mucosal resection in this setting is questionable. For patients with nodular neoplasia, resection of the nodule with histological examination had greater utility than staging by EUS.	esophagus
Do tumor grade and location affect survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? Survival analysis of 302 cases of pT3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: The 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging manual incorporates tumor grade and location for staging pT2-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with pT3N0M0, classified as stage IIa according to the 6th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual, can now be classified as stage Ib, IIa, or IIb. We aimed to discuss whether these changes affect survival and determine other potential prognostic factors. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 302 patients with postoperative pathologic stage T3N0M0 who underwent esophagectomy between 1990 and 2005 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify prognostic factors for survival and used the Kaplan-Meier method to compare survival difference in each prognostic factor, including tumor grade and location. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate was 46 %, with a median survival of 1,244.5 days. Gender, age, alcohol consumption, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and number of removed lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Smoking was also a prognostic factor in survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method. However, histologic tumor grade and location had no significant influence on patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: Age, gender, alcohol consumption, FEV1, number of removed lymph nodes, and cigarette smoking are independent prognostic factors in patients with pT3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, tumor grade and location may not be as strong predictors in these patients as indicated in the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual.	esophagus
[Case of successful management with mirtazapine for prolonged pain after esophagectomy].	This case report describes a successful outcome of mirtazapine treatment in a patient with difficult post-thoracotomy pain. A 63-year-old man received thoracotomy for the resection of esophageal tumor. The pain continued 2 years after the operation. Allodynia was present in the region of the intercostal nerves from the surgical wound. Remedies such as clonazepam, amitriptyline, gabapentin, and acetaminophen were not effective, and epidural block effect was only temporal. The patient experienced a reduction in shooting pain after taking pregabalin; however, he still suffered from persistent pain and, mirtazapine was additionally administrated. One month after this, shooting and persistent pain was reduced, and the patient's appetite was improved, which had been present since the thoracotomy. Since then, his weight slightly increased and the administration of mirtazapine was stopped in accordance with the patient's request. The pain became worse again. Therefore, mirtazapine, commonly used as an antidepressant agent, was considered to be beneficial for neuropathic pain as an analgesic adjuvant.	esophagus
How to design the optimal self-expandable oesophageal metallic stents: 22 years of experience in 645 patients with malignant strictures.	OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement for malignant oesophageal strictures and their relationship with stent designs. METHODS: Seven generations of SEMS were used to treat 645 consecutive patients with oesophageal strictures. Logistic regression models were constructed to identify predictive factors associated with complications. RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in 641 of 645 patients (99.4%). The clinical success rate was 95.5%. There were 260 (40.3%) complications after stent placement. Due to complications, 68 stents were removed; 66 of 68 stents (97.1%) were removed successfully. Stainless steel (SS) stents (odds ratio [OR] 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.10, 8.32) and radiation therapy (RT) before stent placement (OR 4.23; CI 2.02, 8.83) were significantly associated with severe pain. Flared ends (OR 9.63; CI 3.38, 27.43), stricture length <6 cm (OR 2.01; CI 1.13, 3.60), and a stent diameter <18 mm (OR 3.00; CI 1.32, 6.84) were predictive factors of stent migration. Polyurethane membranes were associated with more frequent tumour ingrowth than polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the relatively high complication rate, retrievable self-expandable PTFE-covered nitinol stents equipped with a head and a tail appeared to be an effective treatment for malignant oesophageal strictures.	esophagus
[Update on Barrett esophagus and Barrett carcinoma].	The definition of Barrett esophagus is currently under discussion. It is now suggested that a distal esophagus coated with cylinder epithelium with cardia-fundus mucosa should also be classified as Barrett esophagus because the risk of cancer is significantly increased even without histological evidence of intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells. The results of recent epidemiological investigations imply that the cancer risk of cylinder cell metaplasia and low grade intraepithelial neoplasia in Barrett esophagus has previously been overestimated. The histological detection of dysplasia still remains the best biomarker for estimation of the risk of cancer of Barrett esophagus. Exact determination of invasion depth in the mucosa, respective submucosa is now established as prognostic marker for overall survival in Patients with early carcinomas and this classification is useful for therapy decisions (endoscopic versus surgical removal). In advanced Barrett carcinoma following neoadjuvant therapy the lymph node status (ypN) is a better prognostic factor than the ypT category. In metastasized tumors therapies targeting HER2/new, EGFR or c-Met have been investigated explicitly in Barrett carcinoma only in phase I/II studies, whereby the predictive value of appropriate molecular pathology investigations is not yet reliably established.	esophagus
Esophageal carcinosarcoma: a unique entity with better prognosis.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare kind of malignancy, and how to identify the patients with poor prognosis is critical for improving treatment efficacy and survival outcome. METHODS: The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, treatments, and outcomes of esophageal carcinosarcoma were analyzed in 33 patients. Meanwhile, we hypothesized that elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) correlates with poor prognosis. RESULTS: Most patients had polypoid tumors, and the carcinomatous elements were squamous in all patients except one with adenosquamous carcinoma. Eight patients had elevated NLR (≥5). The median follow-up time was 39.1 (range, 0.5-178.2) months. The median overall survival time (OS) was 43.5 months, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 74, 57, and 48%, respectively. Tumor recurrence occurred in 15 patients, and the median relapse-free survival time (RFS) was 23.9 months, and the 2-year RFS rate was 50%. For patients who received curative resection, OS and RFS were significantly associated with preoperative NLR. In the multivariate Cox regression model, higher NLR was an independent prognostic factor (P value was 0.001 for both OS and RFS). CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified the baseline NLR to be an independently prognostic factor for curatively resected esophageal carcinosarcoma.	esophagus
Factors associated with the presence of multiple Lugol-voiding lesions in patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.	Multicentric squamous dysplasia of the esophagus is characterized by multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) on Lugol chromoendoscopy. Multiple LVLs are associated with a very high risk of multiple cancers arising in the esophagus as well as the head and neck. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of multiple LVLs of the esophageal mucosa, we studied risk factors for the development of such lesions in 76 patients who had a current or previous diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. All patients underwent Lugol chromoendoscopy of the esophageal mucosa. The history of tobacco and alcohol use was documented. Polymorphisms of the aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (ALDH2) gene were identified by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers. Clinical factors related to multiple LVLs were analyzed. All patients with multiple LVLs were drinkers. On univariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR] 15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.84-122.45: P = 0.011), presence of the ALDH2-2 allele (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.55-13.24: P = 0.006), and smoking index ≥1000 (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.02-6.6: P = 0.045) were associated with multiple LVLs. On multivariate analysis, male sex (OR 10.02, 95% CI 1.13-88.44: P = 0.038) and presence of the ALDH2-2 allele (OR 4.56, 95% CI 1.4-14.82: P = 0.012) were associated with multiple LVLs. Among drinkers, a daily alcohol intake of ≥100 g pure ethanol with the ALDH2-2 allele (OR 17.5, 95% CI 1.97-155.59: P = 0.01) and a daily alcohol intake of <100 g pure ethanol with the ALDH2-2 allele (OR 8.85, 95% CI 1.68-46.69: P = 0.01) more strongly correlated with multiple LVLs than did a daily alcohol intake of <100 g pure ethanol without the ALDH2-2 allele, whereas a daily alcohol intake of ≥100 g pure ethanol without the ALDH2-2 allele (OR 4.0, 95% CI 0.54-29.81: P = 0.18) did not. In conclusion, male sex and the ALDH2-2 allele are associated with an increased risk for multiple LVLs of the esophageal mucosa in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Among drinkers with the ALDH2-2 allele, the risk of multiple LVLs increased in parallel to the daily alcohol intake.	esophagus
[Application of the gastric tube in surgical treatment of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma].	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of gastric tube anastomosis after intraperitoneal gastrectomy in the patients with types II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG). From October 2009 to December 2010, 74 patients with diagnosis of type II or type III AEG were divided groups. Traditional anastomosis of gastric remnant with esophagus was performed to 38 patients in group, while new anastomosis of gastric tube with esophagus was performed to 34 patients in gastric tube RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data, clinical and pathological characteristics between the two groups (P > 0.05). For the postoperative complications, 12 (31.6%) patients in traditional and 4 (11.8%) patients in gastric tube group occurred gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (P = 0.043). 9 patients in traditional group and 2 (5.9%) patients in gastric tube group were diagnosed as reflux esophagitis postoperative endoscopic examination (P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: The anastomosis of gastric tube with the after proximal gastrectomy could reduce the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux.	esophagus
MSP58 knockdown inhibits the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.	Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with a poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying esophageal cancer progression is a high priority for improved EC diagnosis and prognosis. Recently, MSP58 was shown to behave as an oncogene in colorectal carcinomas and gliomas. However, little is known about its function in esophageal carcinomas. We therefore examined the effects of MSP58 knockdown on the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells in vitro and in vivo in order to gain a better understanding of its potential as a tumor therapeutic target. We employed lentiviral-mediated small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down the expression of MSP58 in the ESCC cell lines Eca-109 and EC9706 and demonstrated inhibition of ESCC cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Furthermore, flow cytometry and western blot analyses revealed that MSP58 depletion induced cell cycle arrest by regulating the expression of P21, CDK4 and cyclin D1. Notably, the downregulation of MSP58 significantly inhibited the growth of ESCC xenografts in nude mice. Our results suggest that MSP58 may play an important role in ESCC progression.	esophagus
Lack of influence of MGMT codon Leu84Phe and codon Ileu143Val polymorphisms on esophageal cancer risk in the Kashmir Valley.	The enzyme encoded by the MGMT gene is involved in the repair of alkylated lesions formed in DNA by carcinogenic nitrosamines. Since dietary items consumed by the Kashmiri population contain high concentrations of these agents, it is biologically plausible that MGMT polymorphic variants may be associated with their risk of esophageal cancer. The present study was performed to assess whether non-synonymous SNPS at codon Leu84Phe and codon Ileu143Val of the MGMT gene, close to the active site of the protein, might be linked to predisposition of Kashmiris to esophageal cancer. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism on 92 cases and 77 healthy controls. Codon 84 and codon 143 SNPs of the MGMT gene were not associated with any increase in risk. While the frequency of the Phe allele at codon 84 in cases was (0.16), slightly higher than controls (0.12), the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, the frequency of Valine allele in cases at codon 143 (0.08) and controls (0.09) was nearly equal. Moreover, no significant association of MGMT genotypes with the clinicopatholgic variables of esophageal cancer patients was observed. In conclusion, MGMT variants at codon 84 and codon143 may not be involved in the susceptibility of the Kashmiri population to esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor promotes antitumor activity of oncolytic adenovirus H101 in esophageal cancer.	Esophageal cancer is an intractable disease due to late diagnosis, high incidence of post-surgical locoregional recurrence and frequent distant metastasis. Oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) vectors are a promising method for cancer treatment. The H101 virus is a recombinant Ad which has replication-selective properties and replicates only in tumor cells. The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is considered a surrogate marker that monitors the outcome of Ad-mediated gene therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that CAR expression levels are lower in various types of tumors such as ovarian, lung, breast and bladder when compared to their normal counterparts. In this study, we reported that trichostatin A (TSA) induced the expression of CAR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines through the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The expression levels of CAR were positively related with the antitumor activity of H101. Our results suggest that TSA increases the antitumor activity of the oncolytic adenovirus H101 through the MAPK/ERK pathway.	esophagus
[Impact of early enteral nutrition on the intestinal motility of patients after esophagectomy].	OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of early enteral nutrition (EN) on the intestinal motility of patients after esophagectomy. METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer by a single surgical team from the Peking University Cancer Hospital from June 2011 to July 2011 were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into EN group (n=20) and parenteral nutrition group (control group, n=15) within 24 h after esophagectomy procedure. Bowel sound recovery time was monitored by auscultation, and the gastrointestinal tract symptoms were recorded. RESULTS: Bowel sound recovery time was (45.1±20.3) h in the EN group, and was (56.7±17.0) h in the control group (P=0.082). Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, abdominal distension, diarrhea occurred in 4 patients in EN group and 3 patients in control group and were alleviated by lowering infusion speed and more off-bed ambulation, and no significant difference was seen between the two groups (P=1.000). CONCLUSIONS: Early enteral nutrition in the patients after esophagectomy is safe and feasible. Early enteral nutrition does not delayed bowel function recovery or increase gastrointestinal symptoms.	esophagus
[Clinical application of minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma].	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: Clinical data of 298 esophageal carcinoma cases who were treated by MIE in the Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital from June 2008 to April 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All the patients underwent MIE successfully except one conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was (242.3±58.7) min. The postoperative length of hospital stay was (17.4±9.8) d. The number of harvested lymph nodes of total, the mediastinum, the abdomen and the cervix was 27.5±12.2, 10.7±5.7, 13.3±7.8, and 7.7±8.1, respectively. Postoperative complication rate was 29.9%, including pneumonia (n=41), recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (n=25), anastomotic leak (n=9), wound infection (n=7), and others (n=7). After follow up of 2 to 47 months, 3 patients were found to develop anastomotic stricture. There were no recurrence, metastasis, or death. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive esophagectomy is a safe, feasible, effective and minimally invasive surgical technique.	esophagus