crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Discrete-choice preference comparison between patients and doctors for the surgical management of oesophagogastric cancer.	BACKGROUND: Establishing preferences for surgery is paramount to preoperative patient counselling. This study aimed to prioritize and compare preferences of patients and doctors towards surgery for oesophagogastric cancer, to aid the counselling process. METHODS: A discrete-choice questionnaire containing hypothetical scenarios was designed to test patient preferences for six treatment attributes: mortality, morbidity, quality of life (QoL), cure rate, hospital type and surgeon's reputation. The survey was mailed to all patients who underwent oesophagogastric cancer resection from 2008 to 2009 at two teaching hospital sites. All doctors at these sites with previous experience in counselling patients for cancer surgery were also identified and presented with the survey. Results were analysed using a random-effects probit regression model. Spearman correlation was used to compare participants' implicit choices from the discrete-choice scenarios (their true preferences) with their explicit choices from the direct ranking of preferences (their perceived preferences). RESULTS: Eighty-one patients and 90 doctors completed the survey. Some 15 per cent of patients and 31 per cent of doctors based their choices solely on QoL. In order of importance, patients based their implicit responses on QoL (β = 1.19), cure rate (β = 0.82), morbidity (β = - 0.70), surgeon's reputation (β = 0.60), mortality (β = - 0.57) and hospital type (β = 0.26). Doctors similarly indicated QoL (β = 1.14) and hospital type (β = 0.31) as highest and lowest preferences respectively, but placed far greater emphasis on mortality (β = - 0.80) than morbidity (β = - 0.35). Implicit and explicit preferences correlated only for morbidity and surgeon's reputation in the patient cohort. CONCLUSION: Clinicians may better meet patients' expectations and facilitate informed decision-making if QoL, cure rate and morbidity are emphasized foremost. A similar study employing preoperative patients is warranted for further clarification of preferences.	esophagus
Pneumoperitoneum after esophageal cryoablation in a patient with a PEG.	There is an increasing use of cryotherapy in the gastrointestinal tract for ablation of a variety of lesions. There is only a single reported case of perforation with spray cryotherapy, which was in a patient with Marfan syndrome. In this report, we describe pneumoperitoneum in a patient with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube undergoing cryoablation. It is postulated that barotrauma at the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site led to the pneumoperitoneum, and this can occur even with apparently adequate gas-venting procedures.	esophagus
Apparent diffusion coefficient values measured by diffusion-weighted imaging predict chemoradiotherapeutic effect for advanced esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) predict responses to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and/or patient prognosis. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images were acquired to construct the diffusion-weighted images, and the ADC values were calculated before CRT in 80 patients with ESCC. A high-ADC group responded better to CRT than did a low-ADC group (p < 0.01). We divided the 80 patients into two groups based on the operating characteristic analysis: one group comprised patients with ADC values higher than the average ADC of the esophageal cancer tissue (1.10 × 10(-3) mm2/s), and the other group comprised those whose ADC values were less than the average value. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival rate in the high-ADC group was significantly better than that in the low-ADC group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the ADC value may be a useful marker to predict treatment response as well as survival for patients with ESCC.	esophagus
Dietary patterns and the risk of esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: The role of dietary habits on esophageal cancer risk has been rarely considered in terms of dietary patterns. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study, including 304 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and 743 hospital controls. Dietary habits were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. A posteriori dietary patterns were identified through principal component factor analysis performed on 28 selected nutrients. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from multiple logistic regression models applied on quartiles of factor scores, adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: We identified five major dietary patterns, named 'animal products and related components', 'vitamins and fiber', 'starch-rich', 'other polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D', and 'other fats'. The 'animal products and related components' pattern was positively related to esophageal cancer (OR = 1.64, 95% CI:1.06-2.55, for the highest versus the lowest quartile of factor scores category). The 'vitamins and fiber' (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32-0.78) and the 'other polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D' (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31-0.74) were inversely related to esophageal cancer. No significant association was observed for the other patterns. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that a diet rich in foods from animal origin and poor in foods containing vitamins and fiber increase esophageal cancer risk.	esophagus
Anti-HER agents in gastric cancer: from bench to bedside.	Despite some advances in the past few years, the search for effective treatment modalities for advanced gastric and gastro-esophageal junction cancer is far from over. Available data clearly demonstrate that the development of new drugs will have little, if any, chance of success if it is not guided by in-depth knowledge of disease biology. However, using biologic agents to target key molecular pathways, such as those regulated by human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members, may be effective. Indeed, the positive results achieved by the anti-HER2 agent trastuzumab in a phase III trial in HER2-positive patients support this approach. Many new anti-HER molecules are now under evaluation for the treatment of gastric and gastro-esophageal junction cancer, but so far attempts to identify reliable predictive factors from phase I and II trials have produced inconclusive results. In addition, large phase III trials are still being conducted in molecularly unselected populations. Refining patient selection is essential to maximize the benefit of targeted agents, to avoid significant toxicities and for the development of alternative therapeutic approaches in patients who have nonresponsive disease.	esophagus
Efficacy of irinotecan in combination with 5-fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) for metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (MGA) treatment.	OBJECTIVES: The most commonly used schedules are 5-FU in combination with CDDP with or without epirubicin (ECF) or docetaxel (TCF) in treatment of MGA patients (pts), independently of HER status. We evaluated the efficacy of FOLFIRI regimen in a large retrospective series of MGA pts. METHODS: Two hundred and twelve pts from 13 French centers were treated with at least one cycle of FOLFIRI (irinotecan 180 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) over 90 minutes on day 1 with folinic acid (FA) 400mg/m2 i.v. over two hours followed by 5-FU 400mg/m2 i.v. bolus then 5- FU 2400 mg/m2 continuous infusion over 46 hours on day 1, repeated every 14 days). Primary tumour sites were 120 (58%) stomach and 92 (42%) gastroesophageal junction. FOLFIRI was administered as first-line in 137 (65%) pts and as later-line in 75 (35%) pts for MGA. RESULTS: There was no difference between chemonaive and not chemonaive pts treated as firstline in terms of response rate 37% (95% CI: 25-50) vs 44% (95% CI: 21-69), median PFS, 6.7 (95% CI: 5.5-9.9) vs 5.3 months (95% CI: 3.6-6.9) (P = 0.25), and OS, 13.1 (95% CI: 11.7-18.7) vs 8.8 months (95% CI: 7.3—15.6) (P = 0.19), respectively. There was no difference between pts treated as second or later-line in terms of response rate 20% (95% CI: 8-39) vs 22% (95% CI: 6-48), median PFS, four months (95% CI: 2.8-5.4) vs 3.5 months (95% CI: 2.3-4.5) (P = 0.56), and OS, 10.4 months (95% CI: 5.4-14.4) vs 5.3 months (95% CI: 3.5-11.3) (P = 0.58), respectively. The global grade 3-4 toxicities were: diarrhea 11%, vomiting 9%, neutropenia 18%, febril neutropenia 4% (one toxic death). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study confirms the activity and good tolerance of FOLFIRI regimen in MGA as first-line as well as later-line.	esophagus
High expression of Y-box-binding protein-1 is associated with poor survival in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates gene expression through both transcriptional and translational mechanism. Its expression has been associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis of many cancers. However, its role and clinical significance in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still scanty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of YB-1 expression by immunohistochemistry in a group of patients with ESCC treated with surgical resection. METHODS: Tissue microarray that included 233 surgically resected ESCC specimens and 49 cases of adjacent normal tissues was successfully generated for immunohistochemical evaluation. The clinical/prognostic significance of YB-1 expression was statistically analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the postoperative survival between groups. RESULTS: The results showed the immunostaining of YB-1 was distributed predominantly in cytoplasm in tumor cells, which occurred in all of the 233 patients. A higher recurrence (disease-free survival) and lower survival (overall survival) of ESCC was found in patients whose tissues had increased YB-1 expression (P<.001/P=.001). Furthermore, YB-1 expression could stratify the patient survival (disease-free survival/overall survival) in stage II (P=.012/.016). The Cox proportionate hazard regression model also established that high YB-1 expression was significantly correlated with increased risk (RR=1.752) of recurrence compared with lowYB-1 expression (P=.004). CONCLUSIONS: High expression of YB-1 is associated with poor survival in resectable ESCC patients.	esophagus
Coffee intake and oral-oesophageal cancer: follow-up of 389,624 Norwegian men and women 40-45 years.	BACKGROUND: The evidence on the relationship between coffee intake and cancer of the oral cavity and oesophagus is conflicting and few follow-up studies have been done. METHODS: A total of 389,624 men and women 40-45 years who participated in a national survey programme were followed with respect to cancer for an average of 14.4 years by linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Coffee consumption at baseline was reported as a categorical variable (0 or <1 cup, 1-4, 5-8, 9+ cups per day). RESULTS: Altogether 450 squamous oral or oesophageal cancers were registered during follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratios with 1-4 cups per day as reference were 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 1.47), 1.16 (0.93, 1.45) and 0.96 (0.71, 1.14) for 0 or <1 cup, 5-8 and 9+ cups per day, respectively. Stratification by sex, type of coffee, smoking status and dividing the end point into oral and oesophageal cancers gave heterogeneous and non-significant estimates. CONCLUSION: This study does not support an inverse relationship between coffee intake and incidence of cancer in the mouth or oesophagus, but cannot exclude a weak inverse relationship.	esophagus
Cytotoxicity of methylsulfonylmethane on gastrointestinal (AGS, HepG2, and KEYSE-30) cancer cell lines.	PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assay cytotoxic effects of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. METHODS: Human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE-30) cancer cell lines were treated by MSM and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cytotoxicity was examined through MTT, neutral red uptake, and protein measurement assays. Ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining was used for apoptotic cell detection. A diamidino-2-phenylindole staining method was used to analysis cell cycle by flow cytometry. RESULTS: IC(50) of MSM on AGS, HepG2, and KYSE-30 cell lines were 28.04, 21.87 and 27.98 mg/ml after 72 h, respectively. The EB/AO staining showed an increase in apoptotic cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in cell density at G2/M phase. CONCLUSION: MSM had cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines but HepG2 cell line was more susceptible. This study suggests that MSM may induce cytotoxic effect on gastrointestinal cancer cell lines by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.	esophagus
Defining the endoscopic appearances of tylosis using conventional and narrow-band imaging: a case series.	Tylosis is an autosomal dominant skin disorder strongly associated with esophageal squamous cell cancer. We present a single-operator experience of utilizing conventional endoscopy and narrow-band imaging with magnification to characterize esophageal appearances in tylosis. Nineteen consecutive patients with tylosis attending for surveillance endoscopy were studied. White-light imaging (WLI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) were undertaken, with magnification being performed as necessary. On WLI, we classified 12 patients as having mild change, 5 moderate change, and 2 severe change. WLI can define changes to the esophageal mucosa of variable hyperkeratosis and identify more significant focal abnormalities. NBI enhances these mucosal changes, and NBI with magnification can demonstrate intrapapillary capillary loop changes compatible with dysplasia, prompting consideration of surgery. This report is the first to characterize the endoscopic appearances in tylosis.	esophagus
Cervical nodal metastases of unresectable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: characteristics of long-term survivors after concurrent chemoradiotherapy.	PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical implications of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in unresectable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: 208 thoracic esophageal SCC patients treated with concurrent CRT were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to different status of metastatic cervical lymph nodes: 1. CLN(-), no evidence of metastatic cervical lymph nodes; 2. CPLN(+), evidence of enlarged cervical paraesophageal lymph node without any other metastatic cervical lymph nodes; 3. OCLN(+), any other situations of enlarged cervical lymph nodes. The prognostic factors were examined univariately, then selected for inclusion in a multivariate Cox regression model. RESULTS: Three-year OS of CLN(-),CPLN(+), and OCLN(+) groups were 39%, 33%, and 15% (logrank p=0.001). On univariate analysis, variables significantly associated with OS included sex, primary esophageal tumor location, length and cervical nodal disease. On multivariate analysis, primary tumor location (HR1.5, 95%CI 1.1-1.9, p=0.005), tumor length (HR1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.0, p=0.010) and cervical nodal disease (HR1.2, 95%CI 1.0-1.5, p=0.014) were prognostic factors on OS. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Primary tumor location, tumor length, and cervical nodal disease were significant prognostic factors on OS in esophageal SCC patients. (2) Patients with CPLN(+) disease tended to have a potential better long-term survival than those with OCLN(+) disease, and metastatic CPLN could be considered as local disease. The survival benefit in CPLN(+) subgroup might be contributed by the patients who presented with upper third thoracic tumors and shorter tumor length. Further investigation is needed.	esophagus
[Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in gastroesophageal cancer with different scoring systems and its relationship with clinicopathological features].	OBJECTIVE: To compare the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) under different scoring systems in gastroesophageal cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological features. METHODS: Clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed of 127 patients with gastroesophageal cancer between January and December 2009 in the Department of Surgery at the Cancer Hospital of Peking University. Tumor specimens were collected. The expression of HER2 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: HER2 positive rate(++/+++) in gastroesophageal cancer was 15.0%(19/127) with both new and traditional immunohistochemical scoring systems, while HER2 strong positive rate(+++) was 10.2%(13/127) and 6.3%(8/127), respectively(P=0.26). Univariate analysis showed that the expression rate of HER2 protein was associated with differentiation and Lauren classification of the tumor. Multivariable analysis showed that TNM staging and tumor differentiation were independently associated with the expression of HER2 protein(both P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is no change in HER2 positive rate in gastroesophageal cancer between the new and traditional immunohistochemical scoring systems. Expression of HER2 is associated with clinicopathological features in the gastroesophageal cancer.	esophagus
Recurrence and survival after pathologic complete response to preoperative therapy followed by surgery for gastric or gastrooesophageal adenocarcinoma.	BACKGROUND: To characterise recurrence patterns and survival following pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients who received preoperative therapy for localised gastric or gastrooesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospective database identified patients with pCR after preoperative chemotherapy for gastric or preoperative chemoradiation for GEJ (Siewert II/III) adenocarcinoma. Recurrence patterns, overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and disease-specific survival were analysed. RESULTS: From 1985 to 2009, 714 patients received preoperative therapy for localised gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma, and 609 (85%) underwent a subsequent R0 resection. There were 60 patients (8.4%) with a pCR. Median follow-up was 46 months. Recurrence at 5 years was significantly lower for pCR vs non-pCR patients (27% and 51%, respectively, P=0.01). The probability of recurrence for patients with pCR was similar to non-pCR patients with pathologic stage I or II disease. Although the overall pattern of local/regional (LR) vs distant recurrence was comparable (43% LR vs 57% distant) between pCR and non-pCR groups, there was a significantly higher incidence of central nervous system (CNS) first recurrences in pCR patients (36 vs 4%, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma who achieve a pCR following preoperative therapy still have a significant risk of recurrence and cancer-specific death following resection. One third of the recurrences in the pCR group were symptomatic CNS recurrences. Increased awareness of the risk of CNS metastases and selective brain imaging in patients who achieve a pCR following preoperative therapy for gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma is warranted.	esophagus
Clinical practice and outcome of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer between 1999 and 2003: the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group (JROSG) Survey.	BACKGROUND: To determine the clinical results of radiotherapy (RT) for esophageal cancer in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted for esophageal cancer treated by definitive RT between 1999 and 2003. Clinical results of definitive RT for patients were collected from 9 major institutions. Only patients with good performance status (PS 0-2) who received a total dose of 50 Gy or more were included. Patients were classified into three groups: (A) stage I, (B) resectable stages II-III, (C) unresectable stages III-IVA. For group A, all patients treated by RT alone or chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) were included. For groups B and C, only those treated by CRT were included. RESULTS: In total, 167 patients were included in group A, 239 in group B, and 244 in group C. Approximately half of the patients in group A were treated by CRT. The median total RT dose ranged from 60 to 66 Gy. The median and range of the 5-year overall survival rates were 56% (48-83%) for group A, 29% (12-52%) for group B, and 19% (0-31%) for group C, respectively. A wide disparity in overall survival rates was noted among the institutions. A significant correlation between the number of patients treated per year and the 5-year overall survival rate was noted for groups B and C (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the overall survival rates for stage I esophageal cancer were excellent, a significant disparity in survival rates was noted among the institutions for stage II-IVA tumors treated by CRT.	esophagus
Still waiting for predictive biomarkers in Barrett's oesophagus.	Barrett's oesophagus is important as a precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma via a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. It is often detected on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In the absence of glandular dysplasia the risk of progression to cancer is low but ascertainment of dysplasia is not always straightforward. Sparse mucosal sampling may miss dysplasia, or reactive changes may be overinterpreted due to inter and intraobserver variation. Low-grade and even high-grade dysplasia do not necessarily progress, provided prevalent cancer has been rigorously excluded. This indeterminacy motivates an ongoing search for clinically useful predictive biomarkers. Although many genetic and epigenetic abnormalities have been associated with neoplastic progression in Barrett's mucosa no molecular tests have as yet been accepted into routine pathology practice. Challenges of assay definition remain and many marker studies lack statistical power or have other methodological flaws. Even where strong evidence of clinically relevant predictive value does exist (in the case of ploidy analysis by flow or image cytometry) adoption has been minimal, likely reflecting technological and possible reimbursement obstacles. Well designed multicentre studies are likely to be required to translate improved knowledge of Barrett's carcinogenesis into clinically significant progress on predictive testing, and will require a degree of cooperation not so far widely seen in the field.	esophagus
Laparoscopic repair of post-esophagectomy diaphragmatic hernias using human acellular dermal matrix.	Diaphragmatic hernias occur in up to 2% of patients after esophagectomy with gastric pull-up, and the surgical repair in the setting of a previous esophagectomy is a challenge with high complication rates, in particular with regards to the gastric conduit and its critical vascular supply. We describe two cases and the technique of minimally invasive, laparoscopic repair of diaphragmatic defects with organ herniation after esophagectomy using absorbable human acellular dermal matrix.	esophagus