crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic effect of freeze-dried extract of Ecballium elaterium fruit on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE30) cell lines.	"PURPOSE: Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich (Cucurbitaceae), also known as the ""squirting cucumber,"" is a wild medicinal plant found abundantly in Moghan, Ardabil province, Iran. This study was undertaken to examine possible cytotoxic effect of freeze-dried aqueous extract of E. elaterium fruit on cell lines of gastric and esophageal origin namely called AGS (human gastric carcinoma) and KYSE30 (human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma). METHODS: The aqueous extract of the fruits of E. elaterium was prepared and freeze-dried. AGS and KYSE30 cancer cell lines were treated by the extract and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cytotoxicity was examined by MTT assay. Ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining was used for apoptotic cell detection. A DAPI staining method was used to analyze cell cycle by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The IC(50) values were 2.5, 0.7, and 0.7 μg/ml for AGS cell line after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. IC(50) values for KYSE30 cell line were 500, 150, and 125 μg/ml after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The EB/AO staining showed an increase in apoptotic cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in cell density at G2/M phase. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study showed that the freeze-dried aqueous extract of E. elaterium fruit has a cytotoxic effect on gastric and esophageal cancer cell lines by means of apoptosis. The gastric cancer cells (AGS) showed a remarkably higher sensitivity. It seems that several compounds are possibly responsible for the cytotoxic effect of the extract."	esophagus
Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications through intensive preoperative respiratory rehabilitation in patients with esophageal cancer.	Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after esophagectomy have been reported to occur in 15.9-30% of patients and lead to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality, prolonged duration of hospital stay, and additional medical costs. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the possible prevention of PPCs by intensive preoperative respiratory rehabilitation in esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy. The subjects included 100 patients (87 males and 13 females with mean age 66.5 ± 8.6 years) who underwent esophagectomy. They were divided into two groups: 63 patients (53 males and 10 females with mean age 67.4 ± 9.0 years) in the preoperative rehabilitation (PR) group and 37 patients (34 males and 3 females with mean age 65.0 ± 7.8 years) in the non-PR (NPR) group. The PR group received sufficient preoperative respiratory rehabilitation for >7 days, and the NPR group insufficiently received preoperative respiratory rehabilitation or none at all. The results of the logistic regression analysis and multivariate analysis to correct for all considerable confounding factors revealed the rates of PPCs of 6.4% and 24.3% in the PR group and NPR group, respectively. The PR group demonstrated a significantly less incidence rate of PPCs than the NPR group (odds ratio: 0.14, 95% confidential interval: 0.02~0.64). [Correction added after online publication 25 June 2012: confidence interval has been changed from -1.86~ -0.22] This study showed that the intensive preoperative respiratory rehabilitation reduced PPCs in esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy.	esophagus
S100A4 silencing blocks invasive ability of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.	AIM: To investigate a potential role of S100A4 in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma metastasis (ESCCs). METHODS: Expression of S100A4 and E-cadherin were analyzed in frozen sections from ESCCs (metastasis, n = 28; non-metastasis, n = 20) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. To explore the influence of S100A4 on esophageal cancer invasion and metastasis, S100A4 was overexpressed or silenced by S100A4 siRNA in TE-13 or Eca-109 cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: We found the mRNA and protein levels of S100A4 expression in ESCCs was significantly upregulated, and more importantly, that expression of S100A4 and E cadherin are strongly negatively correlated in patients who had metastasis. It was indicated that overexpression of S100A4 in TE-13 and Eca-109 cells downregulates the expression of E-cadherin, leading to increased cell migration in vitro, whereas knockdown of S100A4 inhibited cell migration and upregulation of E-cadherin expression. Moreover, the loss of cell metastatic potential was rescued by overexpression of E-cadherin completely. In addition, nude mice inoculated with S100A4 siRNA-transfected cells exhibited a significantly decreased invasion ability in vivo. CONCLUSION: S100A4 may be involved in ESCC progression by regulate E-cadherin expression, vector-based RNA interference targeting S100A4 is a potential therapeutic method for human ESCC.	esophagus
Intraluminal high-dose-rate brachytherapy for palliation of dysphagia in cancer of the esophagus: initial experience at a single UK center.	Esophageal cancer tends to present with advanced disease, and the majority of patients are suitable only for palliative treatment at diagnosis. Dysphagia is the most common presenting symptom and significantly undermines quality of life. High-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT) has been an option for the palliation of dysphagia for many years and has been used at our center since 2006. Experience was presented in terms of improvement of dysphagia and survival. Patients were identified from the local radiotherapy database. Original treatment sheets and clinical notes were reviewed retrospectively to obtain treatment details, pretreatment and post-treatment dysphagia scores, and survival information. Between January 2006 and January 2010, 21 patients of median age 77 years with a mean pretreatment dysphagia score of 2.5 underwent ILBT for esophageal cancer. All received 12 Gy in a single fraction. Thirteen (62%) had adenocarcinoma and eight (38%) squamous cell carcinoma. Four (19%) tumors were in the mid-esophagus and 17 (81%) in the lower esophagus. Eight had extension of tumor into the gastroesophageal junction. Seven patients (33%) received chemotherapy as first-line treatment prior to brachytherapy. Nineteen patients had clear documentation of dysphagia scores both pretreatment and post-treatment, and the improvement overall was significant (P= 0.04). Ten patients (53%) had an improvement in dysphagia score. Five of these (50%) went on to require further endoscopic intervention due to disease progression. Median duration of response was 4 months. Of the nonresponders, six (67%) went on to require further endoscopic intervention. No patients experienced documented toxicity aside from a short-lived acute esophagitis. Median survival from date of diagnosis was 12 months and from treatment date was 5 months (1-32 months). In our series of elderly patients with significant dysphagia, ILBT was a well-tolerated and effective treatment. It should be considered as a palliative option in esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Targeting PI3K and RAD51 in Barrett's adenocarcinoma: impact on DNA damage checkpoints, expression profile and tumor growth.	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) signaling in cancer is implicated in various survival pathways including regulation of recombinase (RAD51). In this study, we evaluated PI3K and RAD51 as targets in Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BAC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. BAC cell lines (OE19, OE33, and FLO-1) were cultured in the presence of PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) and the impact on growth and expression of AKT, phosphorylated-AKT (P-AKT), and RAD51 was determined. Wortmannin induced growth arrest and apoptosis in two BAC cell lines (OE33 and OE19), which had relatively higher expression of AKT. FLO-1 cells, with lower AKT expression, were less sensitive to treatment and investigated further. In FLO-1 cells, wortmannin suppressed ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-mediated checkpoint and multiple DNA repair genes, whereas RAD51 and CHK2 were not affected. Western blotting confirmed that RAD51 was suppressed by wortmannin in OE33 and OE19 cells, but not in FLO-1 cells. Suppression of RAD51 in FLO-1 cells down-regulated the expression of CHK2 and CHK1, and reduced the proliferative potential. Finally, the suppression of RAD51 in FLO-1 cells, significantly increased the anticancer activity of wortmannin in these cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We show that PI3K signaling and hsRAD51, through distinct roles in DNA damage response and repair pathways, provide survival advantage to BAC cells. In cells with inherent low expression of AKT, RAD51 is unaffected by PI3K suppression and provides an additional survival pathway. Simultaneous suppression of PI3K and RAD51, especially in cells with lower AKT expression, can significantly reduce their proliferative potential.	esophagus
Body mass index and survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) has been linked with inferior outcomes in gastrointestinal malignancies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of BMI on survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Medical records were analyzed for patients who underwent esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for adenocarcinoma from 2000 to the present. Patients were grouped into BMI ≤ 25, >25-30, >30-35, and BMI >35. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed using Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: We identified 303 patients for the analysis. The only difference in patient characteristics between groups was gender. We found no difference in OS and DFS associated with BMI (p=0.3297 for OS; p=0.5950 for DFS). There were no differences in postoperative complications or mortality between BMI groups. MVA revealed that higher stage and less than a complete response to nCRT were prognostic for worse OS and DFS, while age, gender, type of surgery, year of diagnosis, and BMI were not prognostic. CONCLUSIONS: BMI was neither associated with surgical complications nor survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with nCRT. BMI should not be considered a contraindication to surgical resection after nCRT.	esophagus
Diagnostic study and meta-analysis of C-reactive protein as a predictor of postoperative inflammatory complications after gastroesophageal cancer surgery.	PURPOSE: This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein (CRP) after gastroesophageal cancer resection for postoperative inflammatory complications (PIC). METHODS: The clinical data and CRP values of patients operated on for gastroesophageal cancer surgery between 1997 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of this study were compared with published data using a meta-analytic approach for diagnostic outcomes. RESULTS: Of 210 patients included in the study, 59 developed PIC (28.1 %; 95 % CI: 22.5-34.5 %). On the postoperative day (POD) 4 and 7, CRP had the best diagnostic accuracy for PIC (AUC 0.77; 95 % CI, 0.64-0.91, AUC 0.81; 95 % CI, 0.71-0.91). Using a cut-off value of 141 mg/L (95 % CI, 131-278 mg/L) for CRP on POD 4, the sensitivity was 0.78 (95 % CI, 0.55-0.91), the specificity was 0.70 (95 % CI, 0.53-0.83) and the NPV was 0.89 (95 % CI, 0.77-0.95). The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.3 % (95 % CI, 1.5-6.9 %). In a diagnostic meta-analysis that included two additional studies, CRP had a significant predictive value after POD 3. CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of CRP levels for PIC after gastroesophageal cancer surgery. CRP levels on POD 4 might be useful to rule out PIC, but its diagnostic accuracy is moderate at best. For clinical routine use CRP levels are clearly not sufficient to predict PIC and have to be interpreted in the context of the whole clinical picture.	esophagus
Esophageal replacement by colon interposition with microvascular surgery for patients with thoracic esophageal cancer: the utility of superdrainage.	Replacing the thoracic esophagus with the colon is one mode of reconstruction after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. There is, however, a high incidence of postoperative necrosis of the transposed colon. This study evaluated the outcomes of colon interposition with the routine use of superdrainage by microvascular surgery. Twenty-one patients underwent colon interposition from 2004 to 2009. The strategy for colon interposition was to: (i) use the right hemicolon; (ii) reconstruct via the subcutaneous route; (iii) perform a microvascular venous anastomosis for all patients; and (iv) perform a microvascular arterial anastomosis when the arterial blood flow was insufficient. The clinicopathologic features, surgical findings, and outcomes were investigated. The colon was used because of a previous gastrectomy in 18 patients (85.7%) and synchronous gastric cancer in three patients (14.3%). Eight patients (38.1%) underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy including three (14.3%) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Seven patients (33.3%) underwent microvascular arterial anastomosis to supplement the right colon blood supply. Pneumonia occurred in four patients (19.0%). Anastomotic leakage was observed in five patients (23.8%); however, no colon necrosis was observed. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were both 50.6%. Colon interposition with superdrainage results in successful treatment outcomes. This technique is one option for colon interposition employing the right hemicolon.	esophagus
Initial experience of total thoracoscopic and laparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality remain relatively high for transthoracic esophagectomy with open thoracotomy. The literature is limited in describing the total combined laparoscopic and thoracoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 15 patients diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma who underwent thoracoscopic and laparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy from August 2009 to August 2011. Eleven patients (73.3%) were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, and 4 patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. In total, 8 patients (53.3%) received induction chemoradiation. The mean follow-up time was 10.5 ± 1.9 months. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were reported. RESULTS: The median age was 71 years old. Fifteen patients underwent total thoracoscopic laparoscopic and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. The operative mortality rate was 0%. The mean operative time and estimated blood loss were 468 ± 54 minutes and 182 ± 67 mL, respectively. The median intensive care unit days and ventilator days were 1.0 and 0.0, respectively. The median length of stay was 10 days. In total, 3 patients developed complications: One contained anastomotic leak managed with an esophageal stent, one chylous effusion managed nonoperatively, and one case of postoperative atrial fibrillation. The median number of lymph nodes dissected was 11. All of the patients had an R0 resection. CONCLUSION: Total thoracoscopic and laparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy is technically feasible, and we were able to achieve relatively good initial outcomes without major morbidity and mortality.	esophagus
Age and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy increase the risk of atrial fibrillation following oesophagectomy.	OBJECTIVES: Atrial tachyarrhythmias occur in up to 25% of patients after major thoracic surgery. We examined risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) following oesophagectomy in an attempt to guide prophylactic use of anti-arrhythmic strategies. METHODS: Data were extracted from a database of patients who underwent oesophagectomy between 1991 and 2009. Patients with pre-operative arrhythmias were excluded leaving 997 patients for further analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors predicting AF, and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated from a model using these predictors. Statistical significance was reflected in a P-value of <0.05. RESULTS: Patients who developed AF (n = 209; 20.96%) were older (median age 70.54 years vs. 66.9 years; P < 0.01) and included 141 males (67.4%) (P = 0.11). Patients with AF were noted to have a higher in-hospital mortality rate (n = 17; 8.1% vs. n = 34; 4.8%) (P = 0.04) and a longer stay in hospital (14 days vs. 12 days; P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified advanced age and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy to be independent predictors of the risk of developing AF. Assessment of discriminative ability of a predictive model revealed a c-statistic of just 0.62. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the identification of age and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy as predictors of AF, the moderate discriminative ability of predictive modelling does not support the use of prophylactic anti-arrhythmic drugs. However, the high incidence of AF after major thoracic surgery makes it necessary to understand its underlying mechanisms better before prophylactic strategies are considered.	esophagus
FOXP3 expression in esophageal cancer cells is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine FOXP3 expression in human esophageal cancer cells and to examine the relationship between the FOXP3 expression levels and the prognosis of esophageal cancer in patients. METHODOLOGY: We evaluated FOXP3 in esophageal cancer tissue obtained from 60 patients by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed by SPSS16.0 software with χ² test, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Data was expressed as mean ±SD. A two-tailed p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Twenty nine (48.33%) were found to have FOXP3 over-expression in esophageal cancer cells, while normal esophageal mucosal cells are negative. The FOXP3 over-expression had a significant correlation between tumor staging and lymph node metastasis. The FOXP3 negative group showed significantly better overall survival than the over-expression group (32.3% vs. 13.8%, log-rank test, χ²=11.801, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that T stage, N stage and FOXP3 protein expression were independent prognostic risk factors. The FOXP3 protein expression increased in a subset of esophageal cancers and the over-expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that blocking FOXP3 expression in cancer cells may lead to a novel therapeutic strategy for esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil for esophageal cancer.	PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of combination preoperative chemoradiotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. METHODS: We performed a phase I dose-escalation trial of docetaxel at 25-40 mg/m(2) in four planned dose levels in 3-6 patient cohorts on days 1, 15, 29, and 43 administered in combination with cisplatin (70 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29) and 5-fluorouracil (70 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-4 and 29-32) and concurrent radiation therapy (40 Gy). The tumors were resected during weeks 10-13. RESULTS: This study included 7 patients with esophageal cancer. The dose-limiting toxicity was observed at a biweekly docetaxel dose of 30 mg/m(2) when patients developed grade 3 febrile neutropenia, grade 4 thrombocytopenia, and grade 4 pain/esophagus, resulting in a maximum tolerated dose of 25 mg/m(2). Grade 3/4 hematological toxicity was observed in 71% of the patients and grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicity in 57%. The overall tumor response rate was 86% (complete, 57% and partial, 29%). All patients underwent surgery, and there were no deaths as a result of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: This preoperative chemoradiotherapy regimen using triplets is feasible but results in moderate toxicity. It is noteworthy that this regimen was associated with a high rate of pathological complete remission.	esophagus
Airway gastric fistula after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.	Airway gastric fistula formation is a rare and complex complication after esophagectomy. Clinical presentations vary, making a uniform approach to treatment not possible. Recently, nonsurgical approaches have been reported using various types of airway stents. However, the usefulness of airway stenting in the treatment of airway gastric fistula is relatively unknown. We present a patient with hemoptysis, respiratory failure, and an enlarging left mainstem bronchogastric fistula after esophagectomy. The patient's symptoms were temporized by the placement of a silicone stent.	esophagus
Combinatorial use of bone morphogenetic protein 6, noggin and SOST significantly predicts cancer progression.	Emerging evidence has indicated a role of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) in the pathogenesis of certain cancers. The signaling of BMP family members is tightly regulated by their antagonists, including noggin and SOST, which are, in turn, positively regulated by BMP, thereby forming a negative feedback loop. Consequently, the expression of these antagonists should be taken into account in studies on the prognostic significance of BMP. In the present paper, we correlated protein and mRNA expression levels of BMP6, noggin and SOST, alone or in combination, with patient survival in various types of cancer. We found that BMP6 alone was not significantly correlated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patient survival. Instead, a high level of inhibitor of differentiation 1, a downstream factor of BMP6, was associated with shorter survival in patients whose tumors stained strongly for BMP6. Knockdown of noggin in esophageal cancer cell line EC109, which expresses BMP6 strongly and SOST weakly, enhanced the non-adherent growth of the cells. Noggin and SOST expression levels, when analyzed alone, were not significantly correlated with patient survival. However, high BMP6 activity, defined by strong BMP6 expression coupled with weak noggin or SOST expression, was significantly associated with shorter survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. We further confirmed that BMP6 activity could be used as a prognostic indicator in prostate, bladder and colorectal cancers, using publicly available data on BMP6, noggin and SOST mRNA expression and patient survival. Our results strongly suggest that BMP6, noggin and SOST could be used in combination as a prognostic indicator in cancer progression.	esophagus