crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Treatment strategy for superficial pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma synchronously combined with esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is often synchronously accompanied by pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). However, treatment strategies for these synchronous cancers have not been established. AIM: To evaluate retrospectively the effects of both chemoradiotherapy (CRT) targeted for invasive ESCC on synchronous superficial PSCC and additional endoscopic resection (ER) for PSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Screening endoscopy in the pharynx was performed in newly diagnosed ESCC patients. CRT combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) was administered to all patients. The effect on superficial PSCC was only evaluated for 5-FU-CDDP chemotherapy that excluded the pharynx from the radiation field. When PSCC was remnant or recurrent in patients evaluated at complete response (CR) of ESCC, ER was performed on the PSCC. RESULTS: Fourteen cases of superficial PSCC (4.0%) were detected in 348 ESCC patients. Three PSCC reached CR in 8 ESCC-CR patients, while all 3 lesions recurred. No treatment response was found in the remaining 11 PSCC. As a second treatment, ER for 8 PSCC was completed in the 8 ESCC-CR patients, with one complication due to pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Standard 5-FU-CDDP CRT targeted for invasive ESCC did not demonstrate a sufficient efficacy for superficial PSCC, while ER even for PSCC after chemotherapy was curative.	esophagus
Abnormal expression of the mitotic checkpoint protein BubR1 contributes to the anti-microtubule drug resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.	Esophageal cancer is a common malignancy with a high mortality rate. The lack of effective chemotherapy and a means to overcome drug resistance leads to the predictable failure of esophageal cancer treatment. Mitotic checkpoint proteins play a critical role in regulating the cell cycle and proliferation. Abnormal expression of the mitotic checkpoint protein BubR1 has been reported in several types of cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of BubR1 in conferring resistance of esophageal cancer cells to anti-microtubule drugs. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis on 50 samples of paired esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESC) tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues, we found that 72% (36 of 50) of the analyzed ESC samples exhibited high expression levels of BubR1, which was also confirmed in ESC cell lines. ESC cells with high levels of BubR1 were less sensitive to the anti-microtubule drugs paclitaxel and nocodazole. Recombinant adenovirus-mediated enforced expression of BubR1 in relatively sensitive ESC cell lines resulted in increased resistance to paclitaxel. Conversely, RNAi-mediated knockdown of BubR1 restored ESC cell sensitivity to paclitaxel. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the sub-G1 population increased in the ESC cells with reduced BubR1 levels. Taken together, our results suggest that upregulation of BubR1 expression may be associated with ESC resistance to paclitaxel treatment. Thus, BubR1 may serve as a potential chemosensitizing target to overcome chemoresistance.	esophagus
Proton therapy radiation pneumonitis local dose-response in esophagus cancer patients.	PURPOSE: This study quantifies pulmonary radiation toxicity in patients who received proton therapy for esophagus cancer. MATERIALS/METHODS: We retrospectively studied 100 esophagus cancer patients treated with proton therapy. The linearity of the enhanced FDG uptake vs. proton dose was evaluated using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Pneumonitis symptoms (RP) were assessed using the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 (CTCAEv4). The interaction of the imaging response with dosimetric parameters and symptoms was evaluated. RESULTS: The RP scores were: 0 grade 4/5, 7 grade 3, 20 grade 2, 37 grade 1, and 36 grade 0. Each dosimetric parameter was significantly higher for the symptomatic group. The AIC winning models were 30 linear, 52 linear quadratic, and 18 linear logarithmic. There was no significant difference in the linear coefficient between models. The slope of the FDG vs. proton dose response was 0.022 for the symptomatic and 0.012 for the asymptomatic (p=0.014). Combining dosimetric parameters with the slope did not improve the sensitivity or accuracy in identifying symptomatic cases. CONCLUSIONS: The proton radiation dose response on FDG PET/CT imaging exhibited a predominantly linear dose response on modeling. Symptomatic patients had a higher dose response slope.	esophagus
Expression and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor C from multiple specimen sources in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy with a very poor prognosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) plays an important role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This study was designed to analyze the correlation of VEGF-C expression with clinicopathological features and survival in multiple specimen sources from patients with ESCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression of VEGF-C in tissues (tVEGF-C), serum (sVEGF-C), and lymph fluid (lVEGF-C) from 48 patients with ESCC was detected by different methods. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between a high level of tVEGF-C expression and tumor differentiation, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and metastasis. sVEGF-C was only significantly related to lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and metastasis. The results of lVEGF-C expression were similar to those of tVEGG-C expression, but no relationship to tumor depth was found. High expression levels of tVEGF-C, sVEGF-C and lVEGF-C were significantly associated with shorter overall survival times in univariate analysis (log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of VEGF-C in multiple specimen sources from patients with ESCC was associated with certain clinicopathological parameters. High expression of VEGF-C may be an important factor related to a poor prognosis of ESCC.	esophagus
Impact of esophageal cancer staging on overall survival and disease-free survival based on the 2010 AJCC classification by lymph nodes.	This retrospective study investigated the effect of modifications presented in the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Manual for staging esophageal cancer on the characterization of the effectiveness of post-operative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, as measured by overall and disease-free survival. The seventh edition of the AJCC Manual classifies the number of lymph nodes (N) positive for regional metastasis into three subclasses. We used the AJCC classification system to characterize the cancers of 413 Chinese patients with esophageal cancer who underwent radical resection plus regional lymph node dissection over a 10-year period. The 10-year survival rate was 14.3% for stage N1 patients and 6.1% for stage N2 patients. Only one stage N3 patient was followed >4 years (53.4 months). The 10-year disease-free rate was 13.6% for stage N1 patients. Patients with stage N2 or N3 cancer were more likely to have tumor recurrences, metastases or death than patients with stage N1 cancer. Post-operative radiotherapy provided no survival benefit, and may have had a negative effect on survival. In this study, the N stage of esophageal cancer was an independent factor affecting overall and disease-free survival. Our results did not clarify whether or not radiotherapy after radical esophagectomy offers any survival benefit to patients with esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Diffusely infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus presenting as a case with diagnostic difficulty.	We report a rare case of diffusely infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The patient, a 68-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital for investigation of dysphagia. Esophagography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed esophageal stenosis and gastric cancer. As a biopsy from the esophagus revealed no sign of malignancy, he underwent only distal gastrectomy. After 3 months, the stenosis became worse. Again, biopsy from a gastrointestinal endoscopy showed no malignancy, but endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Despite various treatments, the patient died of disease progression 20 months after its onset. Autopsy revealed diffusely infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, which is a rare malignancy with few case reports documented.	esophagus
Epidemiology and histopathological features of esophageal cancer.	INTRODUCTION: Esophageal cancer is the 6th most common cause of cancer death in the world. During the past two decades some changes have occurred in histologic type and primary tumor location in some parts of the world but there is a little information about histopathological aspect of disease in Iran. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the features of histopathological of esophageal cancer in Iran. METHODS: This study designed as a cross sectional study. Data analysis was performed with descriptive and univariate methods. Information required for this study extracted from cancer registry forms. The cases were all patients who received a histopathological diagnosis of EC that were referred to this center from January 2003 to October 2008. RESULTS: A total of 264 EC cases were recruited in the study the lower third of the esophagus was the most frequent site of origin of these tumors. Squamus cell carcinoma was commonest histologic type of tumor. In 15.2% of cases tumor was metastasis to other organs. In 46.6% were in advanced stage at diagnosis. DISCUSSION: Based on result of present study, esophageal cancer in our country more presented in Squamus cell carcinoma histology type, in advanced stage. Since Squamus cell carcinoma have a poorer prognosis and given that these patients have vague symptomatology for approximately several months, therefore, early diagnosis and treatment led to better prognosis.	esophagus
Effective inhibition of metastases and primary tumor growth with CTCE-9908 in esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: In spite of multimodular treatment, the therapeutic options for esophageal carcinoma are limited, and metastases remain the leading cause of tumor-related mortality. Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 significantly correlates with poor survival rates in patients with esophageal carcinoma and is associated with lymph node and bone marrow metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the CXCR4 antagonist CTCE-9908 on metastatic homing and primary tumor growth in vitro and in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft model of esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OE19 cells were examined for stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha-mediated migration under CTCE-9908 treatment. The CTCE-9908 treatment was further evaluated in an in vitro proliferation assay and orthotopic esophageal model, accompanied by magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor and metastases were immunohistochemically examined for CXCR4 expression. RESULTS: CTCE-9908 has an inhibitory effect on stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha-mediated migration and proliferation of OE19 cells. Treatment with CTCE-9908 in the orthotopic esophageal model leads to a reduction of metastatic spread and primary tumor growth. This was confirmed by magnetic resonsance imaging. Treatment with CTCE-9908 results in altered CXCR4 expression pattern exhibiting a high degree of variability. CONCLUSION: CTCE-9908 effectively inhibits OE19 cell migration and proliferation in vitro, reduces metastases to lung, liver, and lymph nodes in vivo, and moreover leads to tumor growth reduction in an orthotopic model of esophageal carcinoma.	esophagus
Overexpression of cyclin B1 antagonizes chemotherapeutic-induced apoptosis through PTEN/Akt pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.	The role of cyclin B1 in the clinical therapeutic sensitivity of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be defined. In this study, we found that elevated cyclin B1 expression attenuated the apoptosis induced by cisplatin or paclitaxel, while knockdown of cyclin B1 enhanced cisplatin or paclitaxel sensitivity in ESCC cells. Cyclin B1-mediated apoptosis may rely on the Bcl-2-dependent mitochondria-regulated intrinsic death pathway, and the antagonizing effect of cyclin B1 on chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis was through PTEN/Akt pathway. Therefore, cyclin B1 might be a therapeutic target for the development of specific and efficient approaches in the treatment of ESCC.	esophagus
Managing esophageal fistulae by endoscopic transluminal drainage in esophageal cancer patients with superior mediastinal sepsis after esophagectomy.	The management of postoperative leaks into the mediastinum after esophagectomy remains a challenge. We describe our clinical management of this complication through endoscopic transluminal drainage. Between 2008 and 2011, 4 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent McKeown-type esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy experienced complicated anastomotic fistulae in the presence of superior mediastinal sepsis. All 4 patients underwent endoscopic transluminal drainage, and all survived. The mean healing period was 50 days (range, 31 to 58 days), the mean stay in the intensive care unit was 7.3 days (range, 1 to 18 days), and the mean hospital stay was 64.5 days (range, 49 to 70 days). Endoscopically guided transluminal drainage should be considered for ESCC patients with superior mediastinal fistulae after esophagectomy.	esophagus
Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of AMG 386 (trebananib) in combination with cisplatin and capecitabine in patients with metastatic gastro-oesophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: We evaluated AMG 386, an investigational peptibody that neutralizes the interaction between angiopoietins-1 and -2 and the Tie2 receptor, combined with cisplatin/capecitabine (CX) as first-line treatment for metastatic gastro-oesophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with metastatic gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, or distal oesophageal adenocarcinoma were randomized 1:1:1 to CX (cisplatin 80 mg/m(2) IV Q3W; capecitabine 1000 mg/m(2) P.O. BID for 14 days Q3W) plus intravenous AMG 386 10 mg/kg QW (Arm A) or 3 mg/kg QW (Arm B), or placebo QW (Arm C). The primary end point was estimated progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 171 patients were enrolled. Median estimated PFS in Arms A, B, and C was 4.2, 4.9, and 5.2 months, respectively (hazard ratio for Arms A+B combined versus Arm C, 0.98; 95% CI 0.67-1.43; P = 0.92). Objective response rates were 27% (Arm A), 43% (Arm B), and 35% (Arm C). Incidence of grade ≥3 adverse events was 80% in Arm A, 84% in Arm B, and 75% in Arm C. There was no evidence of pharmacokinetic interactions. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, PFS and ORR were estimated to be similar with AMG 386 plus CX and placebo plus CX treatment. Compared with placebo, toxicity of AMG 386 plus CX was greater but manageable. PREVIOUS PRESENTATION: The results of this study have not been previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere. The results were presented in part at the Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, San Francisco, CA, January 20-22, 2011. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00583674.	esophagus
Radiofrequency ablation and endoscopic resection in a single session for Barrett's esophagus containing early neoplasia: a feasibility study.	BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Endoscopic resection with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) 6 weeks later safely and effectively eradicates Barrett's esophagus with high grade dysplasia (HGD) and early cancer. After widespread endoscopic resection, related scarring may hamper balloon-based circumferential RFA (c-RFA). However c-RFA immediately followed by endoscopic resection in the same session might avoid the impact of scarring and reduce laceration and stenosis risk. We aimed to assess the feasibility of such an approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with Barrett's esophagus ≥ 3 cm and ≥ 1 visible lesion (HGD/early cancer) were included. Visible lesions were marked with cautery, and c-RFA (12 J/cm2) was delivered using two applications and a cleaning step, followed by resection of the delineated area. Outcome measures were surface regression of Barrett's esophagus at 3 months, need for subsequent c-RFA, complications, and quality of resection specimens. RESULTS: 24 patients (20 men, 4 women; mean age 68 years, standard deviation [SD] 12; Barrett's esophagus median length C6M8) underwent single-session c-RFA + endoscopic resection, providing a median of 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 2 - 6) resection specimens (early cancer 18 patients; HGD 6). Complications included 1 perforation, 4 bleedings, and 5 stenoses; all were managed endoscopically. Specimens allowed assessment of neoplasia depth, differentiation, and lymphatic/vascular invasion. Median Barrett's esophagus surface regression at 3 months was 95 %. No patient required a second c-RFA procedure and 40 % required repeat endoscopic resection for visible lesions. Complete response for neoplasia was achieved in 100 % and complete response for intestinal metaplasia (CR-IM) in 95 %. CONCLUSIONS: c-RFA followed by endoscopic resection in the same session is feasible, but technically demanding and associated with a substantial rate of complications and repeat endoscopic resection. This approach should be reserved for selected cases in expert centers, with endoscopic resection and RFA 6 - 8 weeks later remaining the standard combined approach.	esophagus
The overall prevalence of metastasis in T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 295 patients.	OBJECTIVES: T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a low, but still present, risk of lymph node (LN) metastasis. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is often applied for T1 ESCC. To achieve successful treatment by EMR/ESD, the risk of LN metastases, LN recurrence, and hematological recurrence need to be better understood. The aim of this study was to determine the precise risk for metastasis in T1 ESCC. METHODS: We divided 295 patients with T1 ESCC who underwent surgery and/or ESD/EMR into 6 categories (m1, m2, m3, sm1, sm2, and sm3). Their risks of LN metastasis, LN recurrence, hematological recurrence, and the outcome were determined. RESULTS: The rates of LN metastasis and LN recurrence were 0% in m1 and m2, 9% in m3, 16% in sm1, 35% in sm2, and 62% in sm3 cases. The incidence of hematological recurrence was 0% in m1, m2, m3, and sm1 cases; 9% in sm2 cases; and 13% in sm3 cases. The overall risk of metastasis was 9% in m3, 16% in sm1, 38% in sm2, and 64% in sm3 patients. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 100% in m1, m2, and m3; 90.9% in sm1; 78.8% in sm2; and 68.6% in sm3 patients. Statistically, both lymphatic and venous invasion were selected as predictive markers for metastasis. In m3 patients, positivity for either of these had an odds ratio for metastasis of 7.333 (P = 0.093). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a precise assessment of the comprehensive risk of metastasis and feasible predictive markers for T1 ESCC.	esophagus
Risk factors and survival analysis of the esophageal cancer in the population of Jammu, India.	OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors of esophageal cancer and study their effect on the survival rates patients of Jammu region, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detailed information was collected on socio-demographic, dietary and clinico-pathological parameters for 200 case control pairs. Discrete (categorical) data of 2 independent groups (control and cases) were summarized in frequency (%) and compared by using Chi-square (χ2 ) test. The mean age of two independent groups was compared by independent Student's t-test. To find out potential risk factor (s), the variable (s) found significant in univariate analysis were further subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis. The association of potential risk factors with patients survival (3-year overall survival) was done by Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis using Log-rank test. A 2-tailed (a = 2) P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of the 63 response parameters, seven were found highly significant on multivariate analysis. The mean (± SD) age was 56.74 ± 10.76 years, the proportions of males were higher than females, mostly illiterate and lower income group. Among dietary characteristics, snuff was highest (OR = 3.86, 95% CI = 2.46-6.08) followed by salt tea (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.49-4.29), smoking (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.18-3.30), sundried food (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.10-2.85) and red chilly (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.07-2.89). Probability of survival lowered significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P < 0.001) in those consuming tobacco in the form of snuff (Log-rank c 2 = 24.62, P = 0.000) and smoking (Log-rank c 2 = 5.20, P = 0.023) as compared to those who did not take these. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis finally established snuff (smokeless tobacco) as the most powerful risk factor of esophageal cancer in Jammu region, followed by the salt tea, smoking and the sundried food.	esophagus
A model to determine absolute risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma.	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) develops rapidly and has a high mortality rate. We aimed to develop a prediction model to estimate the absolute 5-year risks, based on different profiles of factors, for developing EAC. METHODS: We derived a risk model using epidemiologic data from 364 patients with incident EAC and 1580 population controls. Significant risk factors were fitted into an unconditional multiple logistic regression model. The final model was combined with age- and sex-specific EAC incidence data to estimate absolute 5-year risks for EAC. We performed a 10-fold cross-validation of the data to assess the relative performance of the model. RESULTS: The final risk model included terms for highest level of education, body mass index, smoking status, frequency of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and/or use of acid-suppressant medications, and frequency of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The population attributable risk for the model was 0.92. A 10-fold cross-validation produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve statistic of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.84), indicating good discrimination. Adding data on alarm symptoms, frequency of symptoms of dysphagia, and unexplained weight loss to the model significantly improved discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Risk models can be used to identify people with a higher than average risk for developing EAC; these individuals might benefit from targeted cancer-prevention strategies.	esophagus