crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Comparative glycomic profiling in esophageal adenocarcinoma.	OBJECTIVE: Aberrant glycosylation has been implicated in various types of cancers. Cancerous cells with altered glycosylation of their surface proteins shed such proteins into the circulating fluids. Glycomic profiling of such fluids shows the altered glycosylation. We performed glycomic profiling of serum from patients with no known disease, Barrett's without dysplasia, with high-grade dysplasia, and with esophageal adenocarcinoma in an attempt to delineate distinct differences in glycosylation among these groups. METHODS: Serum samples from patients with Barrett's metaplasia (N = 5), high-grade dysplasia (N = 11), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (N = 50) were collected; samples from 18 healthy volunteers were used as control. Serum N-glycans were enzymatically released and then applied to both C18 Sep-Pak (Waters, Milford, MA) cartridges and activated charcoal cartridges. N-glycans were permethylated and then spotted directly onto a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization plate. Mass spectra were acquired using the Applied Biosystems 4800 MALDI TOF/TOF Analyzer (Applied Biosystems Inc, Framingham, Mass). The obtained matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry data were processed using DataExplorer files (Applied Biosystems Inc) listing m/z values and intensities. RESULTS: The intensities of 98 glycans were significantly different among the 3 groups; 26 of these corresponded to known glycan structures. Pairwise comparisons showed that 8 glycans were significantly different in all 3 pairwise comparisons. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that comparative glycomic profiling of esophageal adenocarcinoma reveals a subset of glycans that can be selected as candidate biomarkers. These markers can differentiate normal from high-grade dysplasia, normal from esophageal adenocarcinoma, and high-grade dysplasia from esophageal adenocarcinoma. Further validation will be necessary to determine the clinical utility of these glycan biomarkers.	esophagus
CEA-antigen and SCC-antigen mRNA expression in peripheral blood predict hematogenous recurrence after resection in patients with esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Although several studies have suggested an association between circulating tumor cells (CTC) and prognosis after esophageal cancer surgery, large-scale studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the correlation between CTC and outcome in a large number of patients who underwent esophagectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 244 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who underwent curative surgery between 2002 and 2007 were prospectively analyzed for CTC before surgery and after the thoracic procedure. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for CEA and SCC antigen mRNA was used to detect cancer cells in the peripheral blood. CTC was defined as positive when at least 1 tumor marker mRNA was detected. RESULTS: CTC was positive in 34 patients (13.9%) before surgery and in 41 patients (16.8%) after the thoracic procedure. Multivariate analysis identified tumor depth (hazard ratio [HR], 0.439; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.268-0.722; P = 0.0012), lymph node metastasis (HR, 2.467; 95% CI, 1.436-4.237; P = 0.0011), venous invasion (HR, 1.802; 95% CI, 1.082-3.002; P = 0.0236), and CTC status after the thoracic procedure (HR, 1.647; 95% CI, 1.032-2.629; P = 0.0365) as independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival. The rates of hematogenous (P = 0.0222) and local (P = 0.0464) recurrences were significantly higher in patients with CTC(+) after the thoracic procedure than those with CTC(-) after the thoracic procedure. Responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed less lymphatic invasion and a decreased positive CTC rate after the thoracic procedure than nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS: CTC status after the thoracic procedure is a useful predictor for hematogenous and local recurrences in patients with esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in esophageal cancer assert arguments for extended two-field transthoracic esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: High recurrence rates determine the dismal outcome in esophageal cancer. We reviewed our experiences and defined prognostic factors and patterns of recurrences after curatively intended transthoracic esophagectomy. METHODS: Between January 1991 and December 2005, 212 consecutive patients underwent a radical transthoracic esophagectomy with extended 2-field lymphadenectomy. Recurrence rates, survival, and prognostic factors were analyzed (minimal follow-up period, 2 y). RESULTS: Radicality was obtained in 85.6%. The median follow-up period was 26.6 months. The overall recurrence rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 28%, 44%, and 64%, respectively, and locoregional recurrence rate was 17%, 27%, and 43%, respectively. Overall survival rates, including postoperative deaths, were 45% and 34% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. pT stage and lymph node (LN) ratio greater than .20 were independent prognostic factors for survival and recurrences. Radicality was most prognostic for survival, and for N+ greater than 4 positive LN for recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Radicality and LN ratio are strong prognostic factors. High radicality and adequate nodal assessment are guaranteed by an extended transthoracic approach.	esophagus
A population-based study of IGF axis polymorphisms and the esophageal inflammation, metaplasia, adenocarcinoma sequence.	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays a key role in cell development, proliferation, and survival and is implicated in the etiology of several cancers. Few studies have examined the relationship between genetic variation of this axis and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) or its precursors. METHODS: In a population-based case-control study, we investigated the association of common polymorphisms of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1 receptor, IGF binding protein-3, growth hormones (GH) 1 and GH2, and GH receptor with reflux esophagitis (RE), Barrett esophagus (BE), and EAC. Two hundred and thirty RE, 224 BE, 227 EAC cases, and 260 controls were studied. Gene polymorphisms were identified using publicly available online resources; 102 IGF axis tag and putatively functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed using MassARRAY iPLEX and Taqman assays. Results were analyzed using Haploview. RESULTS: Three polymorphisms were disease-associated. IGF1 SNP rs6214 was associated with BE (adjusted P = .039). Using GG genotype as reference, odds ratio for BE in AA (wild-type) was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.75). GH receptor SNP rs6898743 was associated with EAC (adjusted P = .0112). With GG as reference, odds ratio for EAC in CC (wild-type) genotype was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.23-0.76). IGF1 (CA)(17) 185-bp allele was associated with RE (adjusted P = .0116). Using IGF1(non17) as reference, odds ratio for RE in IGF1(17) carriers was 7.29 (95% CI, 1.57-46.7). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 3 polymorphisms of IGF genes were associated with EAC or its precursors. These polymorphisms may be markers of disease risk; independent validation of our findings is required. These results suggest the IGF pathway is involved in EAC development.	esophagus
Immunohistochemical analysis of RNA-induced silencing complex-related proteins AGO2 and TNRC6A in prostate and esophageal cancers.	Evidence exists that microRNA (miRNA), which regulates gene expression, is frequently deregulated in cancers. A mature miRNA directs a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to its target messenger RNA, and causes inhibition of gene transcription. Ago proteins and TNRC proteins are main components of the RISC and participate in miRNA-induced gene silencing. However, expression status of Ago and TNRC proteins has not yet been studied in human cancer tissues. In this study, we attempted to explore whether expressions of Ago2 and TNRC6A are altered in prostate carcinomas (PCA) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). We analyzed the expression of Ago2 and TNRC6A in 107 PCA and 58 ESCC tissues by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray (TMA) method. In the prostate, Ago2 was not expressed in normal glandular cells, while it was expressed in 50.0% of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and 57.0% of the PCA. TNRC6A was not expressed in normal prostate cells, while it was expressed in 55.0% of the PIN and 63.6% of the PCA in cytoplasm and nucleus. In the esophagus, neither Ago2 nor TNRC6A was expressed in normal squamous cells, while Ago2 and TNRC6A were expressed in 58.6% and 62.1% of the ESCC, respectively. However, neither the expression of Ago2 or TNRC6A was associated with pathologic characteristics of the cancers, including age, sex, Gleason score (PCA) and stage. The increased expressions of Ago2 and TNRC6A in both PCA and ESCC compared with their normal cells suggested that over-expression of these proteins may be related to miRNA functions and might play a role in tumorigenesis of PCA and ESCC.	esophagus
Oral bisphosphonate prescriptions and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus.	BACKGROUND: Recent case reports suggested a link between oral bisphosphonate use and esophageal cancer. We therefore examined the association between these medications and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). DESIGN: This was a nested, matched case-control study. Cases with incident EAC at least 6 months following BE index date were matched by incidence density sampling to controls with BE without EAC. Patients with BE were found in the national Department of Veterans Affairs computerized databases, and each filled prescriptions for oral bisphosphonates between BE diagnosis and EAC diagnosis (or corresponding dates in controls). Incidence density ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: In a cohort of 11,823 patients with BE, we compared 116 cases and 696 controls. Most were men (97%). Most cases and controls had at least one filled proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescription (95 vs. 94%, P = 0.5). Filled bisphosphonate prescriptions were very uncommon (1.7 vs. 1.9%) and were not associated with EAC; the incidence density ratio was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.21-4.15). CONCLUSION: In patients with BE, oral bisphosphonates were not associated with an increased risk of EAC.	esophagus
A novel technique of mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy with a flexible laparoscope and endoscopic overtube.	In mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy, mobilizing the thoracic esophagus with visualization through the mediastinoscope is often difficult. We report a novel technique of transmediastinal esophagectomy with a flexible laparoscope and endoscopic overtube for a patient with early thoracic esophageal cancer. An endoscopic overtube was carefully inserted through the hiatus into the posterior mediastinum, and a laparoscope was inserted into the overtube. Surgical devices were inserted into the mediastinum through another overtube through the hiatus, and the middle and lower thoracic esophagus were mobilized as much as possible. The upper thoracic esophagus and upper mediastinal lymph nodes were mobilized through the neck, preserving the recurrent nerve, with visualization through the laparoscope through the overtube inserted into the upper mediastinum from the cervical space. The operation time was 285 minutes and blood loss was 200 g. There were no postoperative complications. Mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy with a flexible laparoscope and endoscopic overtube is a feasible and useful technique.	esophagus
Prediction of CCND1 amplification using plasma DNA as a prognostic marker in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop a new biomarker to predict cyclin D1 (CCND1) status using plasma DNA in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. METHODS: We evaluated the ratio of the CCND1 (11q13) dosage to the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2; 11q22-23) dosage (C/D ratio) as CCND1 copy number. This study was divided into three steps: (1) Determination of a cutoff value for the C/D ratio in test scale; (2) Comparison of the C/D ratio in between plasma samples and cancer tissues in ESCC patients showing high plasma C/D ratio; (3) Validation study of the clinical application of the plasma C/D ratio as a diagnostic and prognostic marker, by comparing with clinicopathologic factors in 96 ESCC patients. RESULTS: The plasma C/D ratio was significantly higher in the ESCC group than the controls (P=0.0134). A high plasma C/D ratio reflected the tumour C/D ratio, and significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis (P=0.0186). Moreover, the high C/D ratio was found to be an independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis (P=0.0266; hazard ratio 5.988). CONCLUSION: Prediction of CCND1 amplification using plasma DNA is thought to be a promising prognostic biomarker in ESCC patients.	esophagus
A phase II study of weekly docetaxel in combination with capecitabine in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas.	OBJECTIVE: Docetaxel and capecitabine are active agents in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal (GE) carcinomas. This multi-institutional phase II trial evaluates the combination of docetaxel and capecitabine as first- or second-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric and GE adenocarcinomas. METHODS: Patients who had received 1 or no prior chemotherapy regimens were eligible. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of a 21-day cycle with docetaxel 30 mg/m(2) administered on days 1 and 8 and capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) administered twice daily on days 1-14. The primary end point of the study was overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Forty patients were enrolled in the study; 39 received treatment and were evaluable for response and toxicity. The median patient age was 61 years (range 21-84); 8 patients had received prior chemotherapy in the advanced or metastatic setting. Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 15 patients (38%), including diarrhea in 5 patients (13%) and hand-foot syndrome in 5 patients (13%). The overall response rate was 32% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.7-51.4]. The median time to progression and OS were 3.4 months (95% CI 2.7-5.8) and 10.7 months (95% CI 6.1-12.1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The regimen of docetaxel and capecitabine is a well-tolerated, easily administered and active outpatient regimen for advanced gastric and GE adenocarcinoma.	esophagus
Integrated PET/CT fusion imaging and endoscopic ultrasound in the pre-operative staging and evaluation of esophageal cancer.	PURPOSE: Accurate staging of esophageal cancer (ECA) is critical in determining appropriate therapy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning can be used, but limited data exists regarding the use of combined PET/CT fusion imaging and EUS in ECA staging. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of integrated PET/CT imaging and EUS in the staging of ECA. PROCEDURES: Identification of patients diagnosed with ECA from 2004 to 2007 that underwent staging PET/CT and EUS. Data regarding tumor detection, lymph node identification, presence of metastatic disease, and affect on patient management were collected and compared between PET/CT and EUS. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients (65 male, 16 female) were identified with mean age of 63.5 years who underwent EUS and PET/CT to stage known ECA. PET/CT identified the primary tumor in 74/81 (91.4%) of cases, compared to 81/81 (100%) with EUS. Locoregional adenopathy was seen by PET/CT in 29/81 (35.8%) of cases, compared to 49/81 (60.5%) by EUS (p = 0.0001). PET/CT identified celiac axis adenopathy in 8/81 (9.9%) of cases, compared to 11/81 (13.6%) with EUS (p = 0.5050). PET/CT identified 17/81 (21.0%) of patients with distant metastases who subsequently did not undergo attempt at curative surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS: In ECA, EUS is superior to PET/CT for T staging and in identifying locoregional nodes, while PET/CT provides M staging. EUS and integrated PET/CT appear to independently affect treatment decisions, indicating complimentary and necessary roles in the staging of ECA.	esophagus
Malignant acanthosis nigricans: an early diagnostic clue.	Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is characterized by velvety, hyperpigmented, verrucous, symmetric and occasionally pruritic plaques along with papillomatous lesions which have a special predilection for neck, axillae, groin, umbilicu and mucosal regions. Rarely, it presents as a paraneoplastic syndrome and prompts a thorough search for an internal malignancy. We present here a case of malignant acanthosis nigricans seen in an elderly patient who was found to have underlying adenocarcinoma of the lower end of esophagus. After diagnosing associated malignancy, he was referred for further evaluation and subsequent surgical resection of tumour.	esophagus
The independent effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and serum aspartate aminotransferase on the alanine aminotransferase ratio in korean men for the risk for esophageal cancer.	PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to assess the interactions among alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) / alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratios on esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Alcohol and the risk of incidence and death from esophageal cancer were examined in a 14-year prospective cohort study of 782,632 Korean men, 30 to 93 years of age, who received health insurance from the National Health Insurance Corporation and had a medical evaluation from 1992 to 1995. RESULTS: Smoking, alcohol intake, and AST/ALT ratios were associated with the increased risk of esophageal cancer in a dose-dependent manner independent of each other. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of incidence [Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.8 to 2.5] and mortality (HR = 2.5, 2.0 to 3.1). Combined HR of incidence for alcohol consumption (> 25 g/day) and smoking was 4.5 (3.8-5.5); for alcohol (> 25 g/day) and the AST/ALT ratio (>or= 2.0), it was 5.8 (4.6-7.2); for smoking and the AST/ALT ratio (>or= 2.0), it was 6.3 (5.1-7.5). Similar results were seen for mortality from esophageal cancer. Subjects who drank >or= 25 g/day with an AST/ALT ratio >or= 2 had a higher risk of esophageal cancer incidence (HR = 6.5, 4.8 to 8.7) compared with those who drank >or= 25 g/day with an AST/ALT ratio < 2 (HR = 2.2, 1.9 to 2.6). CONCLUSION: Alcohol, smoking, and the AST/ALT ratio are independently associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer but did not interact synergistically. The combination of the AST/ALT ratio with a questionnaire for alcohol consumption may increase the effectiveness for determining the risk of esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Growth inhibition, morphology change, and cell cycle alterations in NFBD1-depleted human esophageal cancer cells.	NFBD1/MDC1 is a large nuclear protein mainly participating in DNA damage response, indicating its therapeutic potential as a radio-/chemosensitizer target in cancer field. Esophageal cancer ranks among one of the most frequent cause of cancer death in the world. In this study, we used three representative esophageal cancer cell lines to investigate the effects of NFBD1 silencing on cell proliferation, cell morphology, and cell cycle distribution. Synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes against NFBD1 were introduced into three esophageal cancer cell lines, which subsequently resulted in a significant inhibition in NFBD1 expression in the cells. Our results have shown that a targeted siRNA depletion of NFBD1 resulted in a significant growth inhibition, morphology change, and cell cycle alterations in esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, NFBD1 depletion also sensitized all the three esophageal cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutic agents including adriamycin and cisplatin. Taken together, our study strongly suggested that NFBD1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in human esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Endoscopic spray cryotherapy for esophageal cancer: safety and efficacy.	BACKGROUND: Few options exist for patients with localized esophageal cancer ineligible for conventional therapies. Endoscopic spray cryotherapy with low-pressure liquid nitrogen has demonstrated efficacy in this setting in early studies. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy in esophageal carcinoma. DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Ten academic and community medical centers between 2006 and 2009. PATIENTS: Subjects with esophageal carcinoma in whom conventional therapy failed and those who refused or were ineligible for conventional therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Cryotherapy with follow-up biopsies. Treatment was complete when tumor eradication was confirmed by biopsy or when treatment was halted because of tumor progression, patient preference, or comorbid condition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Complete eradication of luminal cancer and adverse events. RESULTS: Seventy-nine subjects (median age 76 years, 81% male, 94% with adenocarcinoma) were treated. Tumor stage included T1-60, T2-16, and T3/4-3. Mean tumor length was 4.0 cm (range 1-15 cm). Previous treatment including endoscopic resection, photodynamic therapy, esophagectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy failed in 53 subjects (67%). Forty-nine completed treatment. Complete response of intraluminal disease was seen in 31 of 49 subjects (61.2%), including 18 of 24 (75%) with mucosal cancer. Mean (standard deviation) length of follow-up after treatment was 10.6 (8.4) months overall and 11.5 (2.8) months for T1 disease. No serious adverse events were reported. Benign stricture developed in 10 (13%), with esophageal narrowing from previous endoscopic resection, radiotherapy, or photodynamic therapy noted in 9 of 10 subjects. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study design, short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Spray cryotherapy is safe and well tolerated for esophageal cancer. Short-term results suggest that it is effective in those who could not receive conventional treatment, especially for those with mucosal cancer.	esophagus
Clinical course and outcome after esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy has been performed for esophageal cancer. Detailed analysis of cause of death and mode of recurrence is required to determine the need for further adjuvant therapy and follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 208 patients who underwent esophagectomy through right thoracotomy with three-field lymphadenectomy were enrolled into the present study. Mode of first recurrence was divided into four groups: lymph node, hematogenous, mixed, and local recurrence. RESULTS: Excluding 16 hospital deaths, the number of deaths and 5-year survival rates were 104 patients and 7.8% for cancer recurrence, 12 patients and 53.8% for second primary cancers in other organs, and 34 patients and 31.0% for causes of death unrelated to carcinoma. In the 104 patients with relapse, 5-year survival rate of patients was 14.3% with lymph node recurrence (n = 29), 9.1% with hematogenous recurrence (n = 32), 3.1% with mixed recurrence (n = 35), and 12.5% with local recurrence (n = 8). CONCLUSION: To improve outcomes for esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy, early detection of recurrent disease and regular examination of the entire body for secondary cancer is necessary.	esophagus