crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Incidental 11C-choline PET/CT uptake due to esophageal carcinoma in a patient studied for prostate cancer.	A 75-years-old patient with a history of prostate cancer, previously treated with radical prostatectomy, underwent C-choline PET/CT for restaging due to a rise in the prostate-specific antigen level. The study revealed a focal uptake of C-choline in the esophagus. A subsequent endoscopic examination showed the presence of an esophageal lesion, and after surgery, the histologic diagnosis was mildly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. In our case, the incidental esophageal uptake revealed by C-choline PET/CT allowed the early diagnosis of an unsuspected esophageal carcinoma.	esophagus
Maximum standardized uptake value on PET/CT in preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis from thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	The presence of lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor for patients with esophageal cancer. Accurate assessment of lymph nodes in thoracic esophageal carcinoma is essential for selecting appropriate treatment and forecasting disease progression. Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is becoming an important tool in the workup of esophageal carcinoma. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in assessing lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prior to surgery. Fifty-nine surgical patients with pathologically confirmed thoracic ESCC were retrospectively studied. These patients underwent radical esophagectomy with pathologic evaluation of lymph nodes. They all had (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans in their preoperative staging procedures. None had a prior history of cancer. The pathologic status and PET/CT SUVmax of lymph nodes were collected to calculate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and to determine the best cutoff value of the PET/CT SUVmax to distinguish benign from malignant lymph nodes. Lymph node data from 27 others were used for the validation. A total of 323 lymph nodes including 39 metastatic lymph nodes were evaluated in the training cohort, and 117 lymph nodes including 32 metastatic lymph nodes were evaluated in the validation cohort. The cutoff point of the SUVmax for lymph nodes was 4.1, as calculated by ROC curve (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 92%; accuracy, 90%). When this cutoff value was applied to the validation cohort, a sensitivity, a specificity, and an accuracy of 81%, 88%, and 86%, respectively, were obtained. These results suggest that the SUVmax of lymph nodes predicts malignancy. Indeed, when an SUVmax of 4.1 was used instead of 2.5, FDG-PET/CT was more accurate in assessing nodal metastasis.	esophagus
Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	BACKGROUND: The natural history of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and/or high-grade dysplasia (HGD) among patients with BE with LGD. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. PATIENTS: Patients with BE-LGD, with mean cohort follow-up ≥ 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Pooled incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of EAC and/or BE-HGD. RESULTS: We identified 24 studies reporting on 2694 patients with BE-LGD, with 119 cases of EAC. Pooled annual incidence rates of EAC alone and EAC and/or HGD in patients with BE-LGD were 0.54% (95% CI, 0.32-0.76; 24 studies) and 1.73% (95% CI, 0.99-2.47; 17 studies). The results were stable across study setting and location and in high-quality studies. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, which could be explained by stratifying based on LGD/BE ratio as a surrogate for quality of pathology; the pooled annual incidence rates of EAC were 0.76% (95% CI, 0.44-1.09; 14 studies) for LGD/BE ratio <0.15 and 0.32% (95% CI, 0.07-0.58; 10 studies) for LGD/BE ratio >0.15. The annual rate of mortality not related to esophageal disease in patients with BE-LGD was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.2-6.2; 4 studies). LIMITATIONS: Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the overall analysis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of EAC among patients with BE-LGD is 0.54% annually. The LGD/BE ratio appears to explain the variation observed in the reported incidence of EAC in different cohorts. Conditions not related to esophageal disease are a major cause of mortality in patients with BE-LGD, although additional studies are warranted.	esophagus
Proximal anastomosis using the OrVil circular stapler in major upper gastrointestinal surgery.	Anastomoses in major upper gastrointestinal surgery can be technically demanding, especially handsewn anastomoses traversing the diaphragmatic hiatus. The OrVil stapler is a unique circular stapler that allows rapid creation of various upper gastrointestinal anastomoses in technically challenging circumstances, particularly if additional proximal clearance is desirable. Little is reported in the literature regarding its outcomes and complication rates. In this 'How I do It' article, we describe our technique and experience with the OrVil in major upper gastrointestinal surgery.	esophagus
Depleting ABCE1 expression induces apoptosis and inhibits the ability of proliferation and migration of human esophageal carcinoma cells.	OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of ABCE1 in esophageal cancers and its roles in the proliferation, invasiveness, migration and apoptosis of the esophageal carcinoma Eca109 cell line. METHODS: The expression of ABCE1 and its target protein-RNase L, were first studied in tumor tissues of esophageal carcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissues. The siRNA green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression vector of ABCE1 was prepared and transfected into the esophageal carcinoma Eca109 cells, then the fluorescence microscope was used to study the transfection efficiency. The MTT assay, cell invasion, the transwell and scratch assay were used to study cell proliferation and migration activity; the apoptosis rate was tested by flow cytometry. Western blot and RT-PCR assay were adopted to measure their silencing efficacy. RESULTS: ABCE1 expression is low in the adjacent non-tumor tissues while the expression is high in the esophageal carcinoma; the expression is reversely proportional to the differentiation degrees. The expression of RNase L was in contrary to ABCE1. After transfected with ABCE1-siRNA, the proliferation, invasiveness and migration capabilities of cells decreased significantly whilst the apoptosis rate enhanced greatly (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the expression of ABCE1 in Eca109 cells was blocked (P<0.01) while the expression of RNase L increased significantly (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: ABCE1 is closely connected with the pathogenesis and development of esophageal carcinoma, which act through the cellular pathways of 2-5A/RNase L.	esophagus
Enucleation of giant esophageal schwannoma of the upper thoracic esophagus: reports of two cases.	Benign esophageal tumors are uncommon, leiomyomas being the most frequent. However, esophageal schwannomas are exceedingly rare. We report here on two instances of large esophageal schwannomas treated by enucleation. A 63-year-old male and a 32-year-old female were referred to us for abnormal chest X-rays. Computed tomography of the chest documented sizeable growths in the upper thoracic esophagus, resulting in compression of membranous trachea posteriorly. By positron emission tomography, the tumors appeared hypermetabolic. In both instances, successful surgical enucleation was achieved. Histologic examination confirmed spindle cell tumors positive for S-100 protein by immunostaining.	esophagus
Study on serum proteomic features in patients with and without recurrence or metastasis after surgical resection of esophageal carcinoma.	The purpose of this study was to identify specific bio-markers for recurrence or metastasis of esophageal carcinoma in serum of patients subjected to esophagectomy. Surface-enhanced laser desorp-tion/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) combined with IMAC-Cu(2+) ProteinChip array were performed for the serum protein profiling in patients after surgical resection of esophageal carcinoma. Two groups of patients were analyzed: 38 patients without recurrence or metastasis (Group 1) and 22 patients with recurrence or metastasis after resection (Group 2). The Biomarker Wizard and Bio-marker Patterns software were used to identify proteins differentially expressed between the 2 groups. There were 33 differentially expressed serum proteins detected by comparison between the groups. The clas-sification tree model composed of 3 differentially expressed proteins with different m/z (9368.63, 5342.59, and 5254.43 Da) was established. Under the learning mode, the sensitivity and specificity of this model for diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma recurrence or metastasis were both 100% (22/22 and 38/38, respectively). Under the testing mode, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% (20/22) and 94.7% (36/38), re-spectively. The recurrence or metastasis of esophageal carcinoma after esophagectomy can be rapidly and accurately detected using the combi-nation of SELDI-TOF-MS with IMAC-Cu(2+) ProteinChip array, which, therefore, has a potential for clinical application.	esophagus
Effects of 5-azacytidine on RUNX3 gene expression and the biological behavior of esophageal carcinoma cells.	The present study investigated the effects of 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) on the expression level of the human runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene and the biological behavior of esophageal carcinoma Eca109 cells. The effect of the demethylation reagent 5-azaC on the viability of Eca109 cells was detected by the MTT assay, which demonstrated that 5-azaC inhibited the viability of Eca109 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Although demethylation of other genes may occur following treatment with 5-azaC, we focused on the RUNX3 gene. When treated with 5-azaC at hypoxic levels, the expression of RUNX3 increased and the methylation degree of the RUNX3 gene was decreased significantly in Eca109 cells. 5-azaC at 50 µM demonstrated the highest RUNX3-induction activity, inducing RUNX3 mRNA and protein expression, and decreasing the degree of methylation of the RUNX3 gene. Methylation speciﬁc PCR indicated that 5-azaC induced RUNX3 expression through demethylation. The abilities of migration and invasion of Eca109 cells were inhibited by 5-azaC. The growth of Eca109 cells treated with 5-azaC in vivo was detected by a tumorigenesis experiment. 5-azaC inhibited the growth of Eca109 xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the RUNX3 gene is hypermethylated in Eca109 cells and that 5-azaC induces the expression of the RUNX3 gene by demethylation, which inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of Eca109 cells.	esophagus
Thoracic lymph node involvement in adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma relative to the location of the proximal end of the tumor.	BACKGROUND: It is difficult to determine preoperatively whether upper/middle thoracic lymphadenectomy is necessary in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) or lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we investigated whether stratification based on the location of the proximal end of the tumor, as assessed using preoperative computed tomography (CT) images, would be useful for predicting upper/middle thoracic lymph node involvement for AEG and lower ESCC. METHODS: A total of 142 patients with AEG and lower ESCC treated by R0-1 surgical resection via a thoracotomy was retrospectively investigated. The location of the proximal end of the tumor in comparison with the vena cava foramen (VCF) was decided by inspecting preoperative CT images and then correlated with upper/middle thoracic lymph node involvement. RESULTS: The incidence of upper/middle thoracic lymph node involvement was low in AEG and ESCC tumors having proximal ends below the VCF (0 %, 0 of 13, and 5.9 %, 1 of 17, for AEG and ESCC, respectively). In contrast, when the tumors' proximal ends were above the VCF, patients had higher frequencies of upper/middle thoracic lymph node involvement (36.4 %, 8 of 22, and 37.8 %, 34 of 90, for AEG and ESCC, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the location of the proximal end of the tumor is an independent risk factor related to upper/middle thoracic lymph node involvement (odds ratio 14.3, 95 % confidence interval 1.76-111, p = 0.013), whereas other clinical factors (cT, cN, tumor length, and histologic types) are not. CONCLUSIONS: This manner of stratification using preoperative CT images could be useful in deciding the extent of thoracic lymphadenectomy in both AEG and ESCC.	esophagus
PTPLAD2 is a tumor suppressor in esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis.	Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) are highly invasive and have poor prognoses. We investigated the role of PTPLAD2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A domain (PTPLAD) family member, in ESCC carcinogenesis. Survival analysis was performed using patient data. ESCC tissue samples lost PTPLAD2 heterozygosity and had decreased PTPLAD2 expression. Low PTPLAD2 expression and high p-STAT3 correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of PTPLAD2 in ESCC cells reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, decreased FoxM1, inhibited proliferation and decreased in mouse xenograft tumor formation. Therefore, PTPLAD2 is a potential tumor suppressor and prognostic indicator that reduces STAT3 phosphorylation. PTPLAD2 is a possible clinical target for ESCC treatment.	esophagus
Comparison of preoperative chemotherapy using docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil with cisplatin and fluorouracil in patients with advanced carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus.	We retrospectively compared preoperative docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) with cisplatin and fluorouracil (CF) in patients with esophageal cancer. The study included patients with advanced thoracic esophageal carcinoma (excluding T4 tumors) receiving preoperative chemotherapy. In the DCF group, five patients received two courses of treatment every 4 weeks, and 33 patients received three courses every 3 weeks. In the CF group, 38 patients received two courses of treatment every 4 weeks. Patients underwent curative surgery 4-5 weeks after completing chemotherapy. Patient demographic characteristics did not differ between the two study groups. The incidence of a grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was significantly higher in the DCF group (33 patients) than in the CF group (five patients; P < 0.001). Curative resection was accomplished in 79% of patients in the DCF group and 66% in the CF group (P = 0.305). There were no in-hospital deaths. The incidence of perioperative complications did not differ between the groups. A grade 2 or 3 histological response was attained in a significantly higher proportion of patients in the DCF group (63%) than in the CF group (5%; P < 0.001). Progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly higher in the DCF group (P = 0.013, hazard ratio 0.473; P = 0.001, hazard ratio 0.344). In conclusion, a grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was common in the DCF group but was managed by supportive therapy. Histological response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival were significantly higher in the DCF group compared with the CF group.	esophagus
Phase II trial of bortezomib alone or in combination with irinotecan in patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction or stomach.	PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of bortezomib plus irinotecan and bortezomib alone in patients with advanced gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and gastric adenocarcinoma. We also sought to explore the effect of these therapeutics on tumor and normal gene expression in vivo. METHODS: Forty-one patients with advanced GEJ (89 %) or gastric (11 %) adenocarcinoma received bortezomib (1.3 mg/m(2) days 1, 4, 8, 11) plus irinotecan (125 mg/m(2) days 1, 8) every 21 days as first line therapy (N = 29), or bortezomib alone as second line therapy (N = 12). The trial was designed to detect a 40 % response rate for the combination, and 20 % response rate for bortezomib alone. Affymetrix HU133A gene chip arrays were used for gene expression studies. RESULTS: Objective response occurred in 3 of 29 patients (10 %, 95 % confidence intervals [CI] 2 %, 27 %) treated with bortezomib plus irinotecan, and in 1 of 12 patients (8 %, 95 % CI 0 %, 39 %) with bortezomib alone. Due to the limited number of responders, there were no significant correlations with response found in the gene expression profiles of 12 patients whose tumors were sampled before and 24 h after therapy with bortezomib alone (N = 2) or the combination (N = 10). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that bortezomib is not effective for the treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma of the GEJ or stomach, whether used alone or in combination with irinotecan, in an unselected patient population.	esophagus
The survival predictive significance of HOXC6 and HOXC8 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND & AIM: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a common disease in China, is mainly treated surgically. We established a prospective database of patients with esophageal cancer between January 2000 and December 2010, including 486 subjects with ESCC who underwent surgical treatment. In this study, we explored the prognostic significance of the expressions of HOXC6 and HOXC8, responsible for embryonic development, by studying the specimens collected from clinical subjects during strict follow-up periods. MATERIALS & METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of HOXC6 and HOXC8 in 274 ESCC subjects including 138 ESCC subjects treated with surgery alone and 136 ESCC subjects treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Survival analysis was performed from the day of surgery to August 2013. RESULTS: The 5-y survival rate of the 274 ESCC subjects was 44.2%, with a median survival time of 44.12 mo. For the 274 ESCC subjects involved in the investigation of HOXC6 and HOXC8 expressions, the median survival time of subjects with high-level expressions of HOXC6 and HOXC8 was shorter than that for subjects with low-level expressions (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were obtained from the analysis of the prognostic value of HOXC6 and HOXC8 in the group treated with surgery alone and the group treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HOXC6 and HOXC8 expressions were independent prognostic factors in patients with ESCC. CONCLUSIONS: The HOXC6 and HOXC8 genes can be used as prognostic markers in patients with ESCC, but prospective studies are still needed to confirm.	esophagus
Identification of potential therapeutic molecular targets preferentially expressed by esophageal cancer cells.	Targeting specific molecules and their associated molecular pathways in cancers is becoming an attractive treatment modality with remarkable success in some forms of human cancer. We review a recent study by Maurer and colleagues which examined the level of expression of five different proteins in esophageal cancers and compared this to adjacent normal tissues and whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy has any effect on their level of expression. Among the five proteins investigated, TIMP-4 was suggested as the most promising target as it is not significantly expressed by adjacent normal tissues and its high expression levels persist after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.	esophagus
Research on the typical miRNA and target genes in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of esophagus cancer with DNA microarray.	To identify the typically expressed miRNAs in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) of esophagus cancer and their target genes, and explore the related functions and pathways, providing potential biomarkers for esophageal carcinoma diagnosis and treatment. Gene expression profile GSE13937 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database which includes 152 samples, paired non-cancerous and cancerous, 44 SCC cases and 32 ADC cases; the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified with limma packages in R language after the data were normalized. Selected differentially expressed miRNAs were further analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Firstly, verified targets of miRNAs in two miRNA databases: miRecods and miRTarBase were integrated to select the targets genes of differentially expressed miRNAs. Next, String software was used to construct the target genes interaction network. Finally, function and pathway enrichment analysis of genes in the interaction network was carried out with Gestalt software. Up-regulated hsa-miR-21 and down-regulated hsa-miR-203 were identified by comparing normal and cancer tissue samples, and the targets genes regulated by these two miRNAs were most significantly related to cell cycle function and pathway, especially in the phase of G1/S. The two differentially expressed miRNA: hsa-miR-21 and hsa-miR-203 provide evidence for early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal carcinoma. The functions and pathways of target genes shows that deep understanding of cell cycle G1/S will help to illustrate the relationship between cell cycle regulation and pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.	esophagus
History of lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer and the future prospects for esophageal cancer surgery.	I would herein like to look back upon surgery for esophageal cancer, particularly on lymphadenectomy, and to speculate a little on the future prospects for esophageal surgery. There are two schools of thought on lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer: one believes in en bloc esophagectomy, which is commonly performed in Western countries; the other believes in three-field lymphadenectomy, which is commonly performed in Japan. We esophageal surgeons at Kurume University have contributed to some advances in three-field lymphadenectomy. For example, we initiated functional mediastinal dissection to ensure patient safety, and we proposed the lymph node compartment theory to assess the clinical importance of regional nodes. Oncological surgery has progressed in terms of its safety, radicality and functional preservation, leading to improved quality-of-life for patients after surgery. This then evolved to the current development of multimodal and individualized tailor-made treatments. I believe that surgery for esophageal cancer will become bipolarized in the future. One strand will evolve as salvage surgery for residual or recurrent tumors, which non-surgical therapies have failed to cure, and the other strand will evolve as less invasive surgery, adjuvant surgery, for cancers at the relatively early stage, for which micro-metastasis can be cured by non-surgical therapies.	esophagus