crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of DDX46 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal carcinoma and remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. DEAD-box RNA helicases play critical roles in cellular metabolism and in many cases have been implicated in cellular proliferation and neoplastic transformation. DDX46 belongs to DEAD-box helicase family, the expression pattern of DDX46 in ESCC tissues and the biologic role in ESCC progression have not been implicated previously. In this study, DDX46 expression in human ESCC and adjacent normal tissues were explored using immunohistochemistry, and ESCC cell lines compared with normal esophageal epithelium cell were quantified using real‑time PCR. Next, lentivirus-mediated RNA interference was applied to silence DDX46 in TE-1 and Eca-109 cells. Cell growth was monitored using high content screening. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Cell colony-forming capacity was measured by colony formation assay. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Further, the stress and apoptosis signaling antibody array kit was used to detect the changes of signaling molecules in TE-1 cells after DDX46 knockdown. We found that DDX46 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and cells compared with normal tissues and cells. DDX46 knockdown led to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in TE-1 and Eca-109 cells. Moreover, DDX46 silencing resulted in apoptotic induction via decreased phosphorylation of Akt and IκBα, as well as negative regulation of NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that DDX46 knockdown inhibited cell growth, and induced apoptosis, suggest that DDX46 is critical for ESCC cells proliferation. In addition, this study provides a foundation for further study into the clinical potential diagnosis and novel therapeutic target for ESCC.	esophagus
T cell receptor β-chain repertoire analysis reveals intratumour heterogeneity of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a generally poor prognosis, due to the lack of effective treatment methods. Immunotherapeutic approaches based on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have demonstrated that durable responses are produced in some patients with solid tumours, which suggests the potential feasibility of clinical application of immunotherapy for ESCC. However, many of the basic characteristics of TILs in ESCC are poorly understood, including clonality, specificity and spatial heterogeneity of the response of TILs, which depends on the interaction between antigens and T cell receptors (TCRs). We used ultra-deep sequencing of rearranged genes in TCR β-chain (TCRβ) to profile the basic characteristics of T cells in tumour tissues (four to six regions from each tumour) as well as matched adjacent normal tissue and peripheral blood from seven patients diagnosed with primary ESCC. We found that T cell clones within ESCCs were quite different from those of the peripheral blood and even the adjacent normal tissues in general. Although there was a relatively higher degree of overlap of intratumoural TCRβ repertoires than those between the tumour and other tissues, intratumoural TCRβ repertoires were spatially heterogeneous. Due to the restricted sampling, high-throughput TCRβ sequencing could characterize the diversity and composition of a limited (compartment-dependent) fraction of the respective T cell clones in any individual ESCC, expanding our understanding of immune behaviour and immune response and shedding more light on ESCC immunotherapy. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	esophagus
Application of combined-type Y-shaped covered metallic stents for the treatment of gastrotracheal fistulas and gastrobronchial fistulas.	OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and feasibility of combined-type integrated Y-shaped self-expanding covered metallic stents to treat gastrotracheal fistulas (GTFs) and gastrobronchial fistulas (GBFs). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 10 patients with postoperative GTFs or GBFs. Depending on the size and location of the fistula and the airway diameter, we custom-designed 2 or 3 stents for each patient. The combined-type stents consisted of a large and a small Y-shaped stent. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the small stent was inserted into the distal part of the involved airway. Then, the large stent was placed at the trachea and carina. The large stent partly overlapped the main body of the small stent. RESULTS: All stents were successfully inserted at the first attempt. Esophageal and airway radiography showed no contrast agent leakage, indicating that the fistula was fully sealed. After the procedure, the patients could resume eating without coughing, and their quality of life improved. Each patient was fully followed up. Six patients died at 3.2 to 8 months of tumors (4 patients), hemoptysis (1 patient), or pulmonary infection (1 patient). In 1 patient, the carinal fistula enlarged 4 months after stenting, and another small Y-shaped stent was inserted to seal the fistula. This patient and the remaining 3 patients are still alive. CONCLUSIONS: Deployment of the combined-type Y-shaped integrated self-expanding covered metallic stent proved to be an effective, safe, and minimally invasive procedure for complex GTFs and GBFs. Our patients tolerated the stents well and had good palliation of their symptoms.	esophagus
Early Experience of Robot-Assisted Esophagectomy With Circular End-to-End Stapled Anastomosis.	BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is a critical element in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy is technically challenging and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Efforts to reduce these rates have spurred the adoption of minimally invasive techniques. This study describes a single-institution experience of robot-assisted esophagectomy with circular end-to-end stapled anastomosis. METHODS: Between December 2013 and April 2015, a series of consecutive patients underwent robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy with circular end-to-end anastomosis (RAILE-EEA) at a tertiary care center with curative intent. We retrospectively reviewed their electronic medical records using real-time prospectively collected data. The operative and postoperative outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty patients underwent RAILE-EEA during the study period. The abdominal mobilization was performed laparoscopically, and the thoracic portion was robotic. The median total operative time was 455 minutes (range, 318-765 minutes), the 90-day operative mortality was 0%, and morbidity was present in 11 of 20 patients (55%). Atrial fibrillation was the most common event and was observed in 3 patients (15%). There were no anastomotic leaks. The median estimated blood loss was 275 mL, and the conversion rate was 0%. Complete (R0) resection was achieved in all cases. The mean number of lymph nodes was 23.2 (± 2.26). The median follow-up time was 330 days (range, 108-600 days), and the overall 1-year survival was 84%. CONCLUSIONS: RAILE-EEA in our institution suggests a safe, effective, and reproducible alternative with satisfactory postoperative outcomes for the treatment of esophageal cancer. It provided good local control, adequate lymphadenectomy, low morbidity, and low 90-day operative mortality.	esophagus
An update of the WCRF/AICR systematic literature review on esophageal and gastric cancers and citrus fruits intake.	PURPOSE: The 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report concluded that foods containing vitamin C probably protect against esophageal cancer and fruits probably protect against gastric cancer. Most of the previous evidence was from case-control studies, which may be affected by recall and selection biases. More recently, several cohort studies have examined these associations. We conducted a systematic literature review of prospective studies on citrus fruits intake and risk of esophageal and gastric cancers. METHODS: PubMed was searched for studies published until 1 March 2016. We calculated summary relative risks and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) using random-effects models. RESULTS: With each 100 g/day increase of citrus fruits intake, a marginally significant decreased risk of esophageal cancer was observed (summary RR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.74-1.00, 1,057 cases, six studies). The associations were similar for squamous cell carcinoma (RR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.69-1.08, three studies) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (RR 0.93, 95 % CI 0.78-1.11, three studies). For gastric cancer, the nonsignificant inverse association was observed for gastric cardia cancer (RR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.55-1.01, three studies), but not for gastric non-cardia cancer (RR 1.02, 95 % CI 0.90-1.16, four studies). Consistent summary inverse associations were observed when comparing the highest with lowest intake, with statistically significant associations for esophageal (RR 0.77, 95 % CI 0.64-0.91, seven studies) and gastric cardia cancers (RR 0.62, 95 % CI 0.39-0.99, three studies). CONCLUSIONS: Citrus fruits may decrease the risk of esophageal and gastric cardia cancers, but further studies are needed.	esophagus
Squamous esophageal carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon - an unusual association.	The existence of a simultaneous cancer of the esophagus and colon is a rare situation that recognizes an increased incidence in recent years in the world, probably as a result of the improved measures of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the development of screening programs. The aim of this work is to present a case of synchronous esophageal squamous carcinoma with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the hepatic angle of the colon. The patient was hospitalized to our Surgical Clinic with the thoracic squamous esophageal carcinoma diagnosis. On admission, symptoms were dominated by overall dysphagia, patient showing a weight loss of 10 kg for the last 30 days. Preoperative imaging tests did not revealed regional or distant metastatic disease. Preoperative colonoscopy was incomplete (only until the splenic angle of the left colon) due to the insufficient mechanical preparation. On laparotomy, a carcinoma of the hepatic angle of the colon, partially stenosing was discovered. An upper pole esogastrectomy with intrathoracic esogastrostomy and a right colectomy with ileotransversostomy were practiced, at the same operative session. Postoperative evolution was poor and the patient died on the ninth day from the surgery during an alcohol withdrawal crisis.	esophagus
Potential of Baseline Computed Tomography to Predict Long-Term Survival of Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Treated With Preoperative Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.	In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of baseline computed tomography (CT) signs and postoperative TN stages on survival of patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with preoperative chemotherapy. Consecutive patients (n = 130) with preoperative chemotherapy and radical esophagectomy from January 2006 to December 2011 were enrolled in this study retrospectively. Pathological T and N stages were confirmed by surgery. Baseline CT signs of tumor length, tumor thickness, outer membrane features, total number of lymph node (tLN), short diameter of the largest lymph node (SDL), and clinical T and N stages were measured. Eight-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to determine associations between baseline CT signs and survival outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that tLN number, largest LN short axis diameter, pT, and pN stages all correlated with OS significantly. And the total tLN number, SDL and pN stages significantly correlated with DFS. In Cox analyses, total tLN number (>6) and pN stage were significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.55 [95% CI, 1.13-2.11, P = 0.006] and HR: 1.49 [95% CI, 1.17-1.90, P = 0.001], respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that OS index was predictive of 1- to 3-year survival. Total number of lymph node in baseline CT provides equal efficiency compared to pN stages in the prediction of 8-year long-term survival outcomes for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with preoperative chemotherapy.	esophagus
PET/CT in the evaluation of treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and prognostication in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography for the prognostication and evaluation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: All consecutive biopsy-proven esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with PET/computed tomography at baseline (PET0) and 1 month after the completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (PET1) between January 2008 and December 2013, followed by esophagectomy, were included. Maximum and mean standard uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis of all lesions at PET0 and PET1 were analyzed. Logistic and Cox regressions were used to identify factors predictive of pathological complete remission (pCR), overall survival, and recurrence-free survival. Cut-offs were identified using leave-one-out cross-validation adjusted receiver operator curve-based methods. A Kaplan-Meier model was adopted to compare survivals between groups using log-rank tests. RESULTS: Of a total of 52 patients (45 men, age 21-78 years), pCR was achieved in 21 (40.4%). SUVmax of primary tumor at PET1 was independently predictive of pCR [P=0.013, odds ratio=0.736, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.578-0.937]; using a leave-one-out cross-validation-adjusted cut-off of 2.7, pCR could be predicted with a sensitivity of 71.0%, a specificity of 66.7%, a positive predictive value of 75.9%, and a negative predictive value of 60.9%. In the subset of 40 patients with standardized treatment included in survival analysis, total lesion glycolysis (P=0.002, hazard ratio: 1.029, 95% CI: 1.01-1.048) and SUVmax (P=0.003, hazard ratio: 1.167, 95% CI: 1.055-1.290) of nodal metastasis at PET0 were independently predictive of overall survival and recurrence-free survival, respectively. CONCLUSION: Baseline total lesion glycolysis and SUVmax of nodal metastases are significant independent predictors of survival, whereas post-treatment SUVmax of the primary tumor is predictive of pCR. However, the predictive value of the latter is modest, which may limit its clinical utility.	esophagus
A comprehensive expression analysis of the MIA gene family in malignancies: MIA gene family members are novel, useful markers of esophageal, lung, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.	Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) gene family members include MIA, MIA2, and Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO). Although MIA gene family members have several tumor-related functions, their detailed roles in malignancies remain poorly elucidated. In this study, 477 tumor specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical screening to evaluate MIA gene family expression. For a validation analysis, we also examined the association between MIA gene family expression and clinicopathological factors in 66 cases of esophageal cancer, 145 cases of lung cancer, and 126 cases of cervical cancer. The frequency of MIA gene family expression was higher among squamous cell carcinomas than among other tumor types subjected to screening. In the validation analysis, MIA gene family staining was observed frequently in esophageal and lung cancers associated with nodal and/or distant metastasis. In cervical cancers, MIA and TANGO immunostaining also correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, MIA2 expression levels in invasive cervical cancer were upregulated relative to those in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3. A disease-free survival analysis revealed that MIA-, MIA2, or TANGO-positive patients had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than did those patients who were negative. Our results suggest that MIA, MIA2, and TANGO may be useful diagnostic and therapeutic molecular targets in human malignancies.	esophagus
Correlation Between Meis1 and Msi1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.	PURPOSE: Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors are critical regulators of cell fate, stem cell functions, and gastrointestinal development. They require three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins such as Meis1 to enhance their transcriptional efficiencies. There are complicated associations between different signaling pathways such as the Wnt and NOTCH and tumor progression. It has been investigated that GSK-3 as an important component of the Wnt pathway facilitates the expression of HOX target genes. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the probable correlation between Wnt, NOTCH, and HOX genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression and metastasis through the correlational study between the Msi1 as an important activator for both of the NOTCH and Wnt pathways and Meis1. METHODS: Levels of Meis1 and Msi1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in 51 ESCC patients were compared to the normal tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Only 3 out of 51 (5.9 %) cases had Meis1/Msi1 overexpression and also 3/51 (5.9 %) cases had Meis1/Msi1 underexpression. There was a significant correlation between the Msi1 and Mesi1 mRNA expression (p = 0.037). All of the Msi1/Meis1 underexpressed tumors were poorly differentiated (p = 0.003). Meis1 under/Msi1 overexpressed cases also were in T3 tumor depth of invasion (p = 0.019). And there was a significant correlation between the Msi1/Meis1 underexpression and gender (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that Meis1 may have a positive feedback with Msi1 during the ESCC progression.	esophagus
The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on cardiopulmonary physical fitness in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma.	Introduction Operable oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma management in the UK includes three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by resection. Determination of oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (AT) with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is used to objectively measure cardiorespiratory reserve. Oxygen uptake at AT predicts perioperative risk, with low values associated with increased morbidity. Previous studies indicate NAC may have a detrimental impact on cardiorespiratory reserve. Methods CPET was completed by 30 patients before and after a standardised NAC protocol. The ventilatory AT was determined using the V-slope method, and the peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide measured. Median AT before and after chemotherapy was compared using a paired Student's t-test. Results Median oxygen uptake at AT pre- and post-NAC was 13.9±3.1 ml/kg/min and 11.5±2.0 ml/kg/min, respectively. The mean decrease was 2.4 ml/kg/min (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.85; p<0.001). Median peak oxygen delivery also decreased by 2.17 ml/kg/min (95% CI 1.02-3.84; p=0.001) after NAC. Ventilatory equivalents were unchanged. Conclusions This reduction in AT objectively quantifies a decrease in cardiorespiratory reserve after NAC. Patients with lower cardiorespiratory reserve have increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Preventing this decrease in cardiorespiratory reserve during chemotherapy, or optimising the timing of surgical resection after recovery of AT, may allow perioperative risk-reduction.	esophagus
Delaying surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy does not significantly influence postoperative morbidity or oncological outcome in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Patients with resectable oesophageal cancer are treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery within 3-8 weeks. In practice, surgery is often delayed for various reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether delaying surgery beyond 8 weeks has an effect on postoperative morbidity, long-term survival, and pathologic response in patients treated for oesophageal ADC. METHODS: Patients who underwent nCRT followed by surgery, for cT1-3, N0-3, M0 ADC between 2001 and 2014 were retrospectively included from a prospectively obtained database. Patients with a time from the end of nCRT to surgery (TTS) ≤8 weeks were compared with patients with a TTS >8 weeks. RESULTS: Of 190 patients, 65 had a TTS ≤8 weeks, and 125 had a TTS >8 weeks. Patient characteristics were comparable for both groups, but patients with TTS >8 weeks exhibited higher ASA scores (p = 0.013) and more comorbidities (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that TTS did not significantly influence postoperative morbidity, pathologic complete response rates, and five-year survival rates (42% in patients with TTS ≤8 weeks and 37% in patients with TTS >8 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Delaying surgery beyond 8 weeks after nCRT did not significantly influence postoperative morbidity, pathologic response, and survival in patients with non-metastatic ADC. Therefore, it appears reasonable to postpone surgery beyond 8 weeks in patients who have not yet recovered from nCRT. However, if the patient is fit for surgery, postponing surgery does not have any additional advantages.	esophagus
Usefulness of four dimensional (4D) PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of thoracic lesions and in radiotherapy planning: Review of the literature.	In the past decade, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has become a routinely used methodology for the assessment of solid tumors, which can detect functional abnormalities even before they become morphologically evident on conventional imaging. PET imaging has been reported to be useful in characterizing solitary pulmonary nodules, guiding biopsy, improving lung cancer staging, guiding therapy, monitoring treatment response and predicting outcome. This review focuses on the most relevant and recent literature findings, highlighting the current role of PET/CT and the evaluation of 4D-PET/CT modality for radiation therapy planning applications. Current evidence suggests that gross tumor volume delineation based on 4D-PET/CT information may be the best approach currently available for its delineation in thoracic cancers (lung and non-lung lesions). In our opinion, its use in this clinical setting is strongly encouraged, as it may improve patient treatment outcome in the setting of radiation therapy for cancers of the thoracic region, not only involving lung, but also lymph nodes and esophageal tissue. Literature results warrants further investigation in future prospective studies, especially in the setting of dose escalation.	esophagus