crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)-based parameters in neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment of esophageal carcinoma.	AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The purpose of the research was to study the prognostic value of tumor 18F-FDG PET-based parameters in neoadjuvant chemoradiation for patients with squamous esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: Sixty patients received chemoradiation therapy followed by esophagectomy and two 18FDG-PET examinations at pre- and post-radiation therapy. PET-based metabolic-response parameters were calculated based on histopathologic response. Linear regression correlation and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine prognostic value of all PET-based parameters with reference to overall survival. RESULTS: Sensitivity (88.2%) and specificity (86.5%) of a percentage decrease of SUVmax were better than other PET- based parameters for prediction of histopathologic response. Only percentage decrease of SUVmax and tumor length correlated with overall survival time (linear regression coefficient β: 0.704 and 0.684, P<0.05). The Cox proportional hazards model indicated higher hazard ratio (HR=0.897, P=0.002) with decrease of SUVmax compared with decrease of tumor size (HR=0.813, P=0.009). CONCLUSION: Decrease of SUVmax and tumor size are significant prognostic factors in chemoradiation of esophageal carcinoma.	esophagus
Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in Yanting - regional report of a national screening programme in China.	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Yanting in Sichuan Province is one of the highest risk areas of esophageal cancer (EC) in the world. We here summarize the epidemiology of EC in Yanting using data from the national screening programme during 2006-2011. METHODS: Random cluster sampling was used to select a proportion of natural villages from six towns in Yanting, and residents aged 40-69 years old were invited for screening. Participants were screened using endoscopy with iodine staining and then confirmed by histological examinations. RESULTS: The overall detection rates of low-grade hyperplasia (LH), moderate hyperplasia (MH), high-grade hyperplasia (HH), carcinoma in situ (CIS), intramucosal carcinoma (IC) and invasive carcinoma (INC) were 5.33%, 1.28%, 0.68% , 0.15% , 0.06% and 0.29%, respectively. The detection rates of LH, MH, HH and INC increased with age, reaching the peak among those aged 60-65 years, and the prevalences of LH and MH were higher among men than among women. In addition, the detection rates of hyperplasia were much higher in mountainous than in hilly areas. CONCLUSIONS: Among the high risk population, there are a great number of people with early-stage EC or precancerous conditions who do not have presenting symptoms. In particular, the elderly, men, or those living in mountainous areas are the most vulnerable population. It is therefore important to reinforce health education and screening services among such high risk populations.	esophagus
Deciphering the unique microRNA signature in human esophageal adenocarcinoma.	BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is characterized by a steep rise in incidence rates in the Western population. The unique miRNA signature that distinguishes EAC from other upper gastrointestinal cancers remains unclear. Herein, we performed a comprehensive microarray profiling for the specific miRNA signature associated with EAC. We validated this signature by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Microarray analysis showed that 21 miRNAs were consistently deregulated in EAC. miR-194, miR-192, miR-200a, miR-21, miR-203, miR-205, miR-133b, and miR-31 were selected for validation using 46 normal squamous (NS), 23 Barrett's esophagus (BE), 17 Barrett's high grade dysplasia (HGD), 34 EAC, 33 gastric adenocarcinoma (GC), and 45 normal gastric (NG) tissues. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that 2 miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-133b) were deregulated in both EAC and GC, and 6 miRNAs (up-regulated: miR-194, miR-31, miR-192, and miR-200a; down-regulated: miR-203 and miR-205) in EAC, as compared to BE but not in GC, indicating their potential unique role in EAC. Our data showed that miR-194, miR-192, miR-21, and miR-31 were up-regulated in BE adjacent to HGD lesions relative to isolated BE samples. Analysis of clinicopathological features indicated that down-regulation of miR-203 is significantly associated with progression and tumor stages in EAC. Interestingly, the overexpression levels of miR-194, miR-200a, and miR-192 were significantly higher in early EAC stages, suggesting that these miRNAs may be involved in EAC tumor development rather than progression. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the presence of a unique miRNA signature for EAC. This may provide some clues for the distinct molecular features of EAC to be considered in future studies of the role of miRNAs in EAC and their utility as disease biomarkers.	esophagus
Association of a genetic variation in a miR-191 binding site in MDM4 with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	As an oncoprotein, MDM4 plays a key part in P53 tumor suppressor pathway through negatively regulating P53 function. It has been reported that an rs4245739 A>C polymorphism locating in the MDM4 3'-untranslated region creates a miR-191 target site and results in decreased MDM4 expression. Therefore, we investigated the association between this polymorphism and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk as well as its biological function in vivo. Genotypes were determined in two independent case-control sets consisted of 1128 ESCC cases and 1150 controls from two regions of China. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression. The impact of the polymorphism on MDM4 expression was examined with esophagus tissues. Our results demonstrated that the MDM4 rs4245739 AC and CC genotypes were significantly associated with decreased ESCC risk compared with the AA genotype in both case-control sets (Jinan set: OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.35-0.82, P = 0.004; Huaian set: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.45-0.99, P = 0.049). Stratified analyses revealed that a multiplicative interaction between rs4245739 and smoking or drinking was evident (Gene-smoking: P(interactioin) = 0.022; gene-drinking: P(interactioin) = 0.032). After detecting In vivo MDM4 mRNA expression, we found that the rs4245739 AC and CC genotype carriers had significantly decreased MDM4 expression in normal esophagus tissues compared with AA genotype carriers, indicating a consistent genotype-phenotype correlation. Our results elucidate that the MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism contributes to susceptibility of ESCC and support the hypothesis that genetic variants, interrupting miRNA-mediated gene regulation, may modify cancer risk.	esophagus
Prediction value of miR-483 and miR-214 in prognosis and multidrug resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Here, we have investigated the role of miR-483 and miR-214 in the prognosis and multidrug resistance (MDR) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of miR-483 and miR-214 was detected in 104 cases of esophageal cancer tissues and matched adjacent benign esophageal tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. The relation of microRNA expression with survival was statistically analyzed. The roles of miR-483 and miR-214 in MDR of esophageal squamous cell cancer cells were further evaluated. RESULTS: The expression of miR-483 and miR-214 was found significantly upregulated in esophageal squamous cell cancer tissues. The expression levels of miR-483 and miR-214 showed an inverse correlation with overall survival. High expression of miR-483 and miR-214 might predict less chemotherapy effect. Downregulation of miR-483 and miR-214 could confer sensitivity of both P-glycoprotein-related and P-glycoprotein-nonrelated drugs to esophageal cancer cells, and it might induce increased accumulation of adriamycin (ADR) and decreased amount of ADR released. CONCLUSIONS: miR-483 and miR-214 might play important roles in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer and should be considered as potential targets for intervention in this malignancy.	esophagus
Accuracy of sentinel node biopsy in esophageal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the pertinent literature.	"The use of sentinel node surgery for esophageal carcinoma is still under investigation. We evaluated the data available in the literature on this topic, and herein present the results in a systematic review format. PUBMED, SCOPUS, the ISI web of knowledge and the information from the annual meetings of the Japan Esophageal Society were searched using the search terms: ""(esophagus OR esophageal) AND sentinel"". The outcomes of interest were the detection rate and sensitivity. Overall, 18 studies were included. The pooled detection rate was 89.2% [82.6-93.5]. Patients with T1 and two tumors had a 17% higher detection rate compared to those with T3 and four tumors. The pooled sensitivity was 84% [78-88%]. The sensitivity was higher for adenocarcinoma compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (91 vs. 81%). In the SCC patients, there was a trend toward decreased sensitivity associated with an increasing tumor depth (T1:88%, T2:76%, T3:50%). Our analysis indicated that sentinel node biopsy is useful in adenocarcinoma patients. For SCC patients, including only cN0 patients (preferably T1 and 2) would increase the detection rate and sensitivity. Due to the limited number of high-quality studies, drawing any more definite conclusions is impossible. Large cohort studies with a standardized and consistent design will be needed in the future."	esophagus
Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of spleen: a case report.	Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of spleen is a very rare occurrence and a very small number of cases have been reported so far, mostly in autopsy series. More commonly observed metastasis to the spleen are from breast, lungs, colorectal organs and ovaries. Interestingly enough the spleen is very unusual site of metastasis from an esophageal malignancy, only very few cases (four cases up to 2005) being reported in the literature. A case of splenic metastasis from carcinoma of the esophagus in a 60 years old woman is presented in this report. Extraordinary merit of this case is that carcinoma of the esophagus was diagnosed after the patient had been operated for splenic abscess and was histologically diagnosed as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of spleen. The patient underwent splenectomy and recovered well. Only during post operative period endoscopic examination of upper GIT with biopsy revealed carcinoma of the esophagus. Further investigations failed to delineate any other organ involvement. So, this case is being reported as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of spleen from carcinoma of esophagus.	esophagus
Unanswered questions in the management of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: an overview from the medical oncologist's perspective.	Patients with gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma have multiple treatment options; however, are victims of lack of consensus and wide variation in treatment, sometimes within the same hospital. While there is a consensus that surgery alone is inadequate for locally advanced disease, locoregional treatment has become the point for debate. Only in 2010 was the reclassification of GEJ cancers as esophageal cancers. Treatment options remain as varied as the classification of GEJ cancers: preoperative chemoradiotherapy, definitive chemoradiation, perioperative chemotherapy, and resection followed by postoperative chemoradiation. Several studies have examined the varying treatment paradigms; however, many fall short due to methodology or sample size. The MAGIC study determined perioperative chemotherapy to be an acceptable standard treatment option for patients with gastric cancer, althouth a significant portion of enrolled patients had distal esophageal and GEJ adenocarcinoma. The CROSS study concluded combination chemotherapy and radiation before resection beneficial. Preoperative therapy in cases of GEJ is beneficial for survival, but not as much impact is seen as in esophageal SCC, which exhibits an increased sensitivity to CRT. There is concurrence with two phase III studies from Japan and Korea on the role of adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer. However, the applicability of these studies to GEJ adenocarcinoma remains a question, especially with the significantly different epidemiology of increased proximal and GEJ tumors in the West compared to Asia. To move forward with this increasingly prevalent disease, we will need to do more than understand the multiple treatment paradigms-we will need to select a strategy and examine it.	esophagus
Persistence of nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus identifies patients at lower risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma: results from a large multicenter cohort.	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recent population-based studies have shown a low risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in patients with nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE). We evaluated whether persistence of NDBE over multiple consecutive surveillance endoscopic examinations could be used in risk stratification of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS: We performed a multicenter outcomes study of a large cohort of patients with BE. Based on the number of consecutive surveillance endoscopies showing NDBE, we identified 5 groups of patients. Patients in group 1 were found to have NDBE at their first esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Patients in group 2 were found to have NDBE on their first 2 consecutive EGDs. Similarly, patients in groups 3, 4, and 5 were found to have NDBE on 3, 4, and 5 consecutive surveillance EGDs. A logistic regression model was built to determine whether persistence of NDBE independently protected against development of cancer. RESULTS: Of a total of 3515 patients with BE, 1401 patients met the inclusion criteria (93.3% white; 87.5% men; median age, 60 ±17 years). The median follow-up period was 5 ± 3.9 years (7846 patient-years). The annual risk of EAC in groups 1 to 5 was 0.32%, 0.27%, 0.16%, 0.2%, and 0.11%, respectively (P for trend = .03). After adjusting for age, sex, and length of BE, persistence of NDBE, based on multiple surveillance endoscopies, was associated with a gradually lower likelihood of progression to EAC. CONCLUSIONS: Persistence of NDBE over several endoscopic examinations identifies patients who are at low risk for development of EAC. These findings support lengthening surveillance intervals or discontinuing surveillance of patients with persistent NDBE.	esophagus
The receptor for advanced glycation end products is dispensable in a mouse model of oral and esophageal carcinogenesis.	Aberrant expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands, such as S100/Calgranulins, has been demonstrated in squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. However, the question whether RAGE signaling is causally linked with neoplastic transformation of keratinocytes in mucosal epithelia has not been addressed so far. We used the well-established mouse model of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) induced tumorigenesis to investigate tumor development in control and RAGE-deficient (Rage(-/-)) animals. Although 4-NQO induced lesions of the tongue and the esophagus showed strong induction of the RAGE ligands S100a8 and S100a9, we did not observe any significant difference in tumor incidence or multiplicity between control and Rage(-/-) mice. Furthermore, detailed analysis of tumor sections by histological and immunohistochemical staining revealed no difference in either the size or histological architecture of dysplastic lesions, tumor cell proliferation, or the number of inflammatory immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we detected induced transcript and protein levels of the Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) in 4-NQO induced lesions, suggesting that signaling via the S100-Tlr4 axis may compensate for the lack of RAGE in early stages of tumor development. Our data demonstrate that RAGE is dispensable in the onset of genotoxic induced oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and provide evidence for an alternative pathway of S100-Calgranulin signaling via Tlr4.	esophagus
Concurrent expression of C4.4A and Tenascin-C in tumor cells relates to poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	C4.4A is a glycolipid-anchored membrane protein expressed in several human malignancies. We recently found that C4.4A expression was associated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (ESCCs), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. To uncover this, we performed PCR array analysis using the HCT116 cell line, a positive control for C4.4A expression and we found that Tenascin-C (TNC) among the many adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins was the best candidate for C4.4A molecule induction. Based on in vitro studies using the TE8 esophageal cancer cells, we examined by immunohistochemistry TNC expression in 111 ESCCs. We found that the TNC-positive group (24.3%) had significantly poorer prognosis than the TNC-negative group in 5-year overall survival. We also found there was a significant correlation between TNC and C4.4A in ESCC tissues (P=0.007). Finally, we found that only the double-positive group for C4.4A and TNC had a significantly worse prognosis (P=0.005). Our data suggest that TNC expression in ESCC may in part explain why C4.4A is associated with a poor prognosis of ESCC since TNC can promote invasion and metastasis.	esophagus
Polymorphism of A133S and promoter hypermethylation in Ras association domain family 1A gene (RASSF1A) is associated with risk of esophageal and gastric cardia cancers in Chinese population from high incidence area in northern China.	BACKGROUND: The role of tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A in the esophageal and gastric cardia carcinogenesis is still inconclusive. In this study, the polymorphism, promoter methylation and gene expression of RASSF1A were characterized in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). METHODS: We firstly analyzed the prevalence of RASSF1A A133S in a total of 228 cancer patients with ESCC (n=112) and GCA (n=116) and 235 normal controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme-digestion assay. Then, the promoter methylation status of the RASSF1A in ESCC (n=143), GCA (n=92) and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were further investigated using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) approach. Finally, the RASSF1A protein expression were determined in ESCC (n=27), GCA (n=24) and the matched adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: The frequency of 133Ala/Se and Ser/Ser genotype was significantly higher in GCA patients than in normal controls (19.0% vs. 10.2%, P=0.02). Compared with Ala/Ala genotype, Ala/Se and Ser/Ser genotype significantly increased susceptibility to GCA (OR=2.06, 95% CI=1.09-3.97). However, this polymorphism had no association with ESCC (P=0.69). The promoter methylation of RASSF1A gene was significantly increased the risk to both ESCC (OR=5.90, 95% CI=2.78-12.52) and GCA (OR=7.50, 95% CI= 2.78-20.23). Promoter methylation of RASSF1A gene in ESCC was also associated with age and cancer cell differentiation (for age: OR=3.11, 95% CI=1.10-8.73; for differentiation: OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.12-0.69). RASSF1A positive expression was significantly decreased the risk of GCA (OR=0.16, 95% CI=0.03-0.83). In contrast, there was no statistical significance between RASSF1A positive expression and ESCC. The expression of RASSF1A protein trend to be positively related with older GCA patients (OR=16.20, 95% CI=1.57-167.74). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that alterations of RASSF1A may play an important role in gastric cardia carcinogenesis in terms of polymorphism, promoter hypermethylation and protein expression. Whereas, RASSF1A hypermethylation may probably also be involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis.	esophagus
Theory of mind deficits in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression.	AIM: To characterize the two components of theory of mind (ToM) in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression. METHODS: Sixty-five patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression (depressed group) and 62 normal controls (control group) were assessed using reading the mind in the eyes test, faux pas task, verbal fluency test, digit span test and WAIS IQ test. The depressed group was divided into two subgroups including psychotic depressed (PD) group (32 cases) and nonpsychotic depressed (NPD) group (33 cases). The clinical symptoms of patients were assessed using Beck depression inventory version II and brief psychiatric reacting scale (BPRS). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the depressed group and the control group on tasks involving ToM social perceptual components (mind reading: t = 7.39, P < 0.01) and tests involving ToM social cognitive components (faux pas questions: t = 13.75, P < 0.01), respectively. A significant difference was also found among the PD group, the NPD group and the control group on mind reading (F = 32.98, P < 0.01) and faux pas questions (χ² = 78.15, P < 0.01), respectively. The PD group and NPD group performed worse than normal group controls both on mind reading and faux pas questions (P < 0.05). The PD group performed significantly worse than the NPD group on tasks involving ToM (mind reading: F = 18.99, P < 0.01; faux pas questions: F = 36.01, P < 0.01). In the depressed group, there was a negative correlation between ToM performances and BPRS total score (mind reading: r = -0.35, P < 0.01; faux pas questions: r = -0.51, P < 0.01), and between ToM performances and hostile suspiciousness factor score (mind reading: r = -0.75, P < 0.01; faux pas questions: r = -0.73, P < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: The two components of ToM are both impaired in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression. This indicates that there may be an association between ToM deficits and psychotic symptoms in clinical depression.	esophagus
Determinants of hopelessness and depression among Chinese hospitalized esophageal cancer patients and their family caregivers.	BACKGROUND: It has been well documented that the diagnosis of cancer is psychologically devastating to both the patients and caregivers. The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer were 20.85 and 16.24 per 100,000 persons and the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth main cause of cancer death in China. We surveyed patients-caregivers dyad and examined the determinants of their depression and hopelessness. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression among patients and caregivers was 52.8% and 47.2%, and the prevalence for hopelessness was 64.4% and 53.9%, respectively Regression models indicate that the variables measured could explain 58.9% and 51.7% of the variance in depression and 66.8% and 45.7% of the variance in hopelessness among patients and caregivers, respectively. Overall, hopelessness was a determinant of depression and vice versa to both patients and caregivers. CONCLUSION: Esophageal patients' depression and hopelessness could also affect caregivers' depression and hopelessness despite the social support that family caregivers have. Psychosocial interventions should be planned to both Chinese patients and caregivers considering the predictors found in this study.	esophagus