crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance and biological role of cancer-derived Type I collagen in lung and esophageal cancers.	BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix (ECM) is remodeled during carcinogenesis. An abundant constituent of ECM is collagen. Type I collagen is secreted by fibroblasts, is important for tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and may also be secreted by cancer cells. However, the role and function of cancer-derived Type I collagen in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry and Western blot to detect Type I collagen expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, respectively. We assessed the migration and adhesion capability of these cells in vivo by inhibiting Type I collagen in tumors. Relevant data were extracted from a large cohort study of The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze messenger RNA levels. Protein expression of Type I collagen was further determined in tumor tissues of patients using tissue microarray. RESULTS: Cancer cell lines secreted Type I collagen. The molecular weight of cancer-derived Type I collagen was different from that secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts. Expression levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 (subtypes of Type I collagen) messenger RNA in NSCLC and ESCC tumors were higher than in normal tissues, but were not associated with tumor node metastasis stages. Low expression of Type I collagen was significantly associated with poor overall survival and cancer cell differentiation. CONCLUSION: NSCLC and ESCC cells could produce Type I collagen endogenously, revealing the potential functions of Type I collagen in cancer development. Cancer-derived Type I collagen was associated with overall survival and cancer cell differentiation.	esophagus
Per oral endoscopic tumor (POET) resection for treatment of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors.	BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal tunneling has evolved to allow endoscopic resection of subepithelial tumors of gastrointestinal tract without full-thickness perforation. This study aimed to investigate safety and efficacy of submucosal tunnel resection for these tumors. METHOD: Patients with subepithelial tumors (SET) located in esophagus, gastric cardia, lesser curvature, and antrum were recruited. The size of tumor was limited to < 40 mm. The procedures were performed under general anesthesia. A mucosal entrance was created 2 cm proximal to the SET after submucosal injection. Submucosal tunnel was then extended and the tumor was dissected and mobilized with intact overlying mucosa. After complete dissection, the tumors would be retrieved per orally and mucosal entrance closed by endoclips. RESULTS: From June 2012 to December 2016, 51 patients with subepithelial tumors received POET. 39 patients had SET in stomach, 11 located in esophagus, and 1 in duodenum. The mean operative time was 90.46 ± 46.49 min, while the mean size of the tumors was 20.71 ± 14.05 mm. The POET was converted to endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) in three patients with gastric subepithelial tumors located at greater curvature. The overall complication rate was 4.0%, and there was no bleeding, mucosal dehiscence, or leakage. The time to resume diet was 1.7 days, while the average hospital stay was 3.2 ± 1.0 days. The mean follow-up period was 19 ± 16 months, and only 1 patient developed recurrence of leiomyoma. CONCLUSION: Per oral endoscopic tumor resection is safe and effective treatment for esophageal and gastric SET located at cardia, lesser curvature, and antrum. Currently, POET for treatment of upper GI SET is limited by the size and location of the tumor.	esophagus
Identification of a serum-based miRNA signature for response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.	BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has become the standard of care for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) which is one of the most lethal cancers, to improve resectability and prognosis. On this basis, to provide individually optimized therapy for ESCC, a minimally-invasive biomarker for response to NAC is strongly desired. This study aimed to identify the miRNA signature in serum specimens taken from ESCC patients undergoing NAC through genome-wide microarray technology. METHODS: Comprehensive miRNA-expression profiles of serum specimens from ESCC patients before initial treatment were analyzed using microarray. A qPCR assay was performed to test the robustness of identified serum-based miRNA signature for discriminating response to NAC with serum specimens taken from 100 ESCC cases undergoing NAC. RESULTS: We prioritized 62 miRNAs differentially expressed between responders and non-responders (absolute log(2) fold change > 1.0, corresponding P < 0.05) and from the 62 miRNAs, we selected the miR-23a-5p, miR-193b-5p, and miR-873-3p, which were highly expressed in non-responders. Following qPCR analysis indicated the expression of miR-193b-5p and miR-873-3p in serum specimens were significantly higher in non-responders among three selected miRNAs (P = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). Subsequently, we developed 2-miR-model (miR-193b-5p and miR-873-3p), 3-miR-model, and 2-miR + lymphatic invasion (ly) model based on logistic regression analysis, which achieved the better area under the receiver operating characteristic curves than those of single miRNAs as 2-miR-model, 0.70 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.82); 3-miR-model, 0.70 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.83); and 2-miR + ly, 0.73 (95% CI 0.60-0.86), respectively. Furthermore, we compared the detective power of the combined model: 2-miR + ly for discriminating non-responders to NAC, to other pretreatment clinical features. Consequently, 2-miR + ly model was superior to serum SCC antigen with great significance (P = 0.01) and to ly, and clinical T stage with marginal significance (P = 0.18, 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, we demonstrated that the potential of a multi-miRNA biomarker for identifying NAC response in ESCC is realistic, and can be used in the clinic with the further validation.	esophagus
Validation of instruments for the assessment of dysphagia due to malignancy of the esophagus.	The aim of the study was to validate the Watson scale, the Ogilvie scale, and the Goldschmid scale for assessment of dysphagia due to malignancy of the esophagus. After translation of the scales to Swedish, 35 patients with dysphagia due to esophageal malignancy were asked to participate. On day 1, patients were asked to fill in the questionnaires. The patients also kept a food diary for 4 consecutive days, for assessment of actual swallowing ability. On day 10, the patients were asked to fill in the scales again, to control for individual variability. As an external control group, 29 healthy volunteers were asked to fill in the questionnaires once. External validation was done against actual swallowing ability, and against the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer scales QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OG25, which are already validated quality of life scales for malignancy. Reliability in the categorical variables (Ogilvie and Goldschmid) showed weighted kappa values of 0.52 and 0.54, respectively. For the Watson scale and the Dysphagia module of QLQ-OG25, the intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.68 and 0.80, respectively. Correlations between all scales were good to excellent with values of correlation coefficients (rs) between 0.69 and 0.88, with the strongest correlations between the Ogilvie score and the dysphagia module in QLQ-OG25. These latter two scales had the strongest correlation to the food diary (rs = 0.72). Although the Ogilvie scale was superior, all the three scales showed good reliability and are thus judged to have good validity for assessment of dysphagia due to esophageal malignancy.	esophagus
Outcomes of octogenarians with esophageal cancer: an analysis of the National Cancer Database.	The optimal treatment of esophageal cancer in octogenarians is controversial. While the safety of esophagectomy has been demonstrated in elderly patients, surgery and multimodality therapy are still offered to a select group. Additionally, the long-term outcomes in octogenarians have not been thoroughly compared to those in younger patients. We sought to compare the outcomes of esophageal cancer treatment between octogenarians and non-octogenarians in the National Cancer Database (2004-2014). The major endpoints were early postoperative mortality and long-term survival. A total of 107,921 patients were identified [octogenarian-16,388 (15.2%)]. Compared to non-octogenarians, octogenarians were more likely to be female, of higher socioeconomic status, and had more Charlson comorbidities (p < 0.001 for all). Octogenarians were significantly less likely to undergo esophagectomy (11.5% vs. 33.3%; p < 0.001) and multimodality therapy (2.0% vs. 18.5%; p < 0.001), a trend that persisted following stratification by tumor stage and Charlson comorbidities. Both 30-day and 90-day mortality were higher in the octogenarian group, even after multivariable adjustment (p ≤ 0.001 for both). Octogenarians who underwent multimodality therapy had worse long-term survival when compared to younger patients, except for those with stage III tumors and no comorbidities (HR: 1.29; p = 0.153). Within the octogenarian group, postoperative mortality was lower in academic centers, and the long-term survival was similar between multimodality treatment and surgery alone (HR: 0.96; p = 0.62). In conclusion, octogenarians are less likely to be offered treatment irrespective of tumor stage or comorbidities. Although octogenarians have higher early mortality and poorer overall survival compared to younger patients, outcomes may be improved when treatment is performed at academic centers. Multimodality treatment did not seem to confer a survival advantage compared to surgery alone in octogenarians, and more prospective studies are necessary to better elucidate the optimal treatment in this patient population.	esophagus
Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of the 8th Edition TNM Classification of Adenocarcinomas of the Esophagogastric Junction.	The 8th edition of TNM cancer staging is based on data from large patient cohorts, data collected from the Worldwide Collaboration Cancer Esophageal (WECC) group, or the International Association for Gastric Cancer (IGCA), including treated patients surgically per primate or after neoadjuvant treatment. This edition redefines the esophago-gastric junction tumors and recommends different TNMs staging: Siewert type I and II should be classified according to TNM recommendations for esophageal adenocarcinoma, while for Siewert type III the TNM classification for gastric cancer should be considered. Anatomical characteristics feature type T (tumor invasion), type N (regional lymph node invasion) and type M (distant metastasis). Non-anatomic characteristics include tumor differentiation (G) and tumor localization (L). Category descriptors are currently evaluated by endoscopy with biopsy, fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), thoraco-abdomino-pelvic computer tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (CT-PET). The new TNM staging edition presents separate classifications applicable for therapeutic strategy: clinical staging cTNM (prior to any treatment), pathological staging pTNM (after surgery first) and neoadjuvant pathologic staging ypTNM (after neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery). The refinement of each category and subcategory of T, N, M makes the 8th edition more accurate and adaptable to current practice, including for therapeutic strategy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and therapeutical implications of the 8th edition of the TNM staging for esophago gastric junction adenocarcinoma.	esophagus
Early detection of esophageal second primary tumors using Lugol chromoendoscopy in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	BACKGROUND: Early detection of esophageal secondary primary tumors (SPTs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients could increase patient survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of esophageal SPTs using Lugol chromoendoscopy. METHODS: A systematic review of all available databases was performed to find all Lugol chromoendoscopy screening studies. RESULTS: Fifteen studies with a total of 3386 patients were included. The average yield of esophageal-SPTs in patients with HNSCC was 15%. The prevalence was the highest for patients with an index hypopharyngeal (28%) or oropharyngeal (14%) tumor. The esophageal-SPTs were classified as high-grade dysplasia in 49% of the cases and as invasive carcinoma's in 51%. CONCLUSION: Our results show that 15% of the patients with HNSCC that underwent Lugol chromoendoscopy were diagnosed with an esophageal-SPT. Based on these results there is enough evidence to perform Lugol chromoendoscopy, especially in an Asian patient population.	esophagus
Prognostic Value of Chest-Tube Amylase Versus C-Reactive Protein as Screening Tool for Detection of Early Anastomotic Leaks After Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy.	INTRODUCTION: Intrathoracic anastomotic leaks after esophagectomy are a significant cause of morbidity and death. Early detection and timely management are crucial. This study evaluates the effectiveness of daily drain amylase levels in detecting early leaks after esophagectomy compared with C-reactive protein (CRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2015 and September 2017, 126 esophagectomies were performed in our department. Amylase levels were collected in 80 of these patients, as long right-sided chest tubes were in place. Mostly, chest tubes were removed before postoperative day (POD) 5. CRP levels were measured daily. Early leaks were defined as occurring with the chest tubes in place. According to the obtained receiver operating characteristics curves, amylase levels >335 U/L, and CRP >30 mg/dL were considered positive. Sensitivity and specificity for both drain amylase and CRP were calculated. RESULTS: Overall anastomotic leak rate was 7.5% (6/80). An early disruption occurred in 4 of 80 patients (5%). Three patients had a positive amylase level and none a positive CRP on POD 1. These 3 patients had on POD 2 a positive CRP. The fourth patient presented at POD 2 bilious secretion in the chest tubes. He showed normal amylase and CRP levels on POD 1. Sensitivity and specificity for amylase level and CRP within the first 3 PODs were 0.75 and 0.98 versus 0.75 and 0.85, respectively. The patients with leak were reoperated at POD 2. They were all discharged between PODs 15 and 19. CONCLUSIONS: Amylase level after esophagectomy is a more accurate screening tool for detection of early leaks than CRP. It could facilitate their detection up to 24 hours earlier than CRP.	esophagus
Prognostic Significance of Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients With Esophageal Cancer.	BACKGROUND/AIM: The association between the presence of sarcopenia and systemic inflammatory response is unclear in patients with esophageal cancer. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and systemic inflammatory response and clarify the effect of these factors on the prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 163 patients with esophageal cancer. The patients' body composition was assessed before esophagectomy using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance. The relationship between sarcopenia and inflammatory factors were investigated before surgery. RESULTS: Sarcopenia was significantly associated with a high C-reactive protein-to-albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio (p=0.046). Patients with sarcopenia significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (p=0.025) and tended to show a worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p=0.065). A high CRP/Alb ratio was significantly associated with worse OS and RFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that among all inflammatory factors, only a high CRP/Alb ratio was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (p=0.022). CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia is associated with systemic inflammatory response such as high CRP/Alb ratio, while the latter is an independent prognostic marker in patients with esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Role of dexmedetomidine in reducing the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction caused by sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane anesthesia is a high-risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients. Recently, some studies demonstrated that dexmedetomidine (DEX) could reduce the incidence of POCD caused by sevoflurane anesthesia. We hypothesized that DEX could reduce the incidence of POCD caused by sevoflurane anesthesia through decreasing plasma interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients aged 65-75 years scheduled for esophageal carcinoma resection were randomly assigned to four groups. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to measure patients' cognitive function the day before operation and the 1(st), 3(rd), and 7(th) postoperative days. The plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and S100 β protein concentrations were measured by ELISA 10 min before anesthesia administration and the 1(st), 3(rd), and 7(th) postoperative days. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the demographic or clinical characteristics or perioperative hemodynamic status in all groups. Compared with Group M + P, the MMSE and MoCA scores were significantly lower and the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and S100 β protein concentrations were significantly higher in Group M + S at the 1(st), 3(rd), and 7(th) postoperative days (P < 0.05). Compared with Group M + S, the MMSE and MoCA scores were significantly higher and the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and S100 β protein concentrations were significantly lower in Group D + S at the 1(st), 3(rd), and 7(th) postoperative days (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The POCD incidence was higher in elderly patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia and DEX could alleviate POCD in these patients through decreasing plasma TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations.	esophagus
Dental fluorosis and oral health in the African Esophageal Cancer Corridor: Findings from the Kenya ESCCAPE case-control study and a pan-African perspective.	There are no studies of oral health in relation to esophageal cancer in Africa, or of Eastern Africa's endemic dental fluorosis, an irreversible enamel hypo-mineralization due to early-life excessive fluoride intake. During 2014-18, we conducted a case-control study of squamous cell esophageal cancer in Eldoret, western Kenya. Odds ratios (AORs (95% confidence intervals)) were adjusted for design factors, tobacco, alcohol, ethnicity, education, oral hygiene and missing/decayed teeth. Esophageal cancer cases (N = 430) had poorer oral health and hygiene than controls (N = 440). Compared to no dental fluorosis, moderate/severe fluorosis, which affected 44% of cases, had a crude OR of 20.8 (11.6, 37.4) and on full adjustment was associated with 9.4-fold (4.6, 19.1) increased risk, whilst mild fluorosis (43% of cases) had an AOR of 2.3 (1.3, 4.0). The prevalence of oral leukoplakia and tooth loss/decay increased with fluorosis severity, and increased cancer risks associated with moderate/severe fluorosis were particularly strong in individuals with more tooth loss/decay. Using a mswaki stick (AOR = 1.7 (1.0, 2.9)) rather than a commercial tooth brush and infrequent tooth brushing also independently increased risk. Geographic variations showed that areas of high esophageal cancer incidence and those of high groundwater fluoride levels have remarkably similar locations across Eastern Africa. In conclusion, poor oral health in combination with, or as a result of, high-altitude susceptibility to hydro-geologically influenced dental fluorosis may underlie the striking co-location of Africa's esophageal cancer corridor with the Rift Valley. The findings call for heightened research into primary prevention opportunities of this highly fatal but common cancer.	esophagus
An esophageal tumor unlike others: The fibrovascular polyp.	A fibrovascular polyp is a rare benign pseudotumor of the esophagus or the hypopharynx. It comes to light through dysphagia and can lead to death by asphyxiation. CT scan and MRI suggest this diagnosis by highlighting a lobed endoluminal tumor primarily composed of adipose tissue and pedicled on a vessel. Anatomo-pathological analysis of biopsies can exclude liposarcoma, the main differential diagnosis. Treatment consists in complete reconstruction by cervicotomy.	esophagus
Serum tumor-associated glycoprotein 72, a helpful predictor of lymph nodes invasion in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma.	Disruption of cell-cell junction and adhesion to vessels are crucial steps in tumor metastasis. Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) is a crucial membrane mucin in gastroesophageal mucosa for microenvironment contact with cells. Thus, the TAG-72 value may be an indicator of the malignant involvement of lymph nodes in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGAC) patients. Of the 183 patients suspected as gastroesophageal neoplasms, 129 were subsequently diagnosed as EGAC, and 54 were subsequently diagnosed as benign gastroesophageal diseases by imageological or/and histological examination. After we obtained preoperative serum TAG-72 values, the relationship between serum TAG-72 and lymphatic metastasis status, extent of invaded lymph nodes and clinical stage was tested using Spearman correlation analysis and χ2 tests. Compared with those in patients who suffered either benign gastroesophageal diseases or preinvasive carcinoma, the median serum TAG-72 values were statistically higher in EGAC patients with positive lymph nodes (Kruskal-Wallis test; P < 0.001). Serum TAG-72 values were significantly correlated with Lymph Node Ratio (LNR) (Spearman correlation; P < 0.001). Using corresponding ROC (95% CI = 0.621-0.783, P < 0.0001), serum TAG-72 values with an optimal cut-off (2.2 kU/mL) showed a sensitivity of 0.632 and a specificity of 0.690 for predicting malignant lymph node involvement in EGAC. These results suggest that the serum TAG-72 value is a clinically helpful predictor of lymph nodes invasion in resectable EGAC.	esophagus
Epigenetic silencing of ZNF132 mediated by methylation-sensitive Sp1 binding promotes cancer progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Epigenetic alteration of tumor suppression gene is one of the most significant indicators in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we identified a novel ESCC hypermethylation biomarker ZNF132 by integrative computational analysis to comprehensive genome-wide DNA methylation microarray dataset. We validated the hypermethylation status of ZNF132 in 91 Chinese Han ESCC patients and adjacent normal tissues with methylation target bisulfite sequencing (MTBS) assay. Meanwhile, ZNF132 gene silencing mediated by hypermethylation was confirmed in both solid tissues and cancer cell lines. What is more, we found that in vitro overexpression of ZNF132 in ESCC cells could significantly reduce the abilities of the cell in growth, migration and invasion, and tumorigenicity of cells in a nude mouse model. We validated the Sp1-binding site in the ZNF132 promoter region with chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and demonstrated that the hypermethylation status could reduce the Sp1 transcript factor activity. Our results suggest that ZNF132 plays an important role in the development of ESCC as a tumor suppressor gene and support the underlying mechanism caused by the DNA hypermethylation-mediated Sp1-binding decay and gene silencing.	esophagus