crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Allele frequency of ABO blood group antigen and the risk of esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: ABO blood group and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus have been reported by many studies, but there is no discipline that had provided association with the genotype and gene frequency by population statics. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on 480 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and 480 noncancer patients. ABO blood group was determined by presence of antigen with the help of monoclonal antibody. Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by statistical methods, and gene frequencies were calculated by Hardy-Weinberg model. RESULTS: We observed significant associations between ABO genotype and squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. OR (95% CIs) was 1.69 (1.31-2.19) for presence of B antigen allele relative to its absence (P < 0.0001); in female subgroup OR (95% CIs) observed at 1.84 (1.27-2.65) was statistically significant (P = 0.001). SCC of esophagus shows significant difference in comparison to general population; blood group B is found to be higher in incidence (P = 0.0001). Increased risk of cancer was observed with absence of Rh antigen (P = 0.0001). Relatively increased gene frequency of q[B] allele is observed more significantly in female cancer patients (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Statistically significant association between squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and ABO and Rh genotype is identified by this study. Sex and anatomical site of cancer also present with statistically significant relative association. However, larger randomised trials are required to establish the hypothesis.	esophagus
Treatment of clinical T2N0M0 esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Management of clinical T2N0M0 (cT2N0M0) esophageal cancer remains controversial. We reviewed our institutional experience over 21 years (1990-2011) to determine clinical staging accuracy, optimal treatment approaches, and factors predictive of survival in this patient population. METHODS: Patients with cT2N0M0 esophageal cancer determined by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) were identified through a prospectively collected database. Demographics, perioperative data, and outcomes were examined. Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier plots were used for statistical survival analysis. RESULTS: A total of 731 patients underwent esophagectomy, of whom 68 cT2N0M0 patients (9 %) were identified. Fifty-seven patients (84 %) had adenocarcinoma. Thirty-three patients (48.5 %) were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, and 35 underwent surgical resection alone. All resections except one included a transthoracic approach with two-field lymph node dissection. Thirty-day operative mortality was 2.9 %. Only 3 patients (8.5 %) who underwent surgery alone had T2N0M0 disease identified by pathology: the disease of 15 (42.8 %) was found to be overstaged and 17 (48.5 %) understaged after surgery. Understaging was more common in poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.03). Nine patients (27.2 %) had complete pathologic response after chemoradiotherapy. Absence of lymph node metastases (pN0) was significantly more frequent in the neoadjuvant group (29 of 33 vs. 21 of 35, p = 0.01). Median follow-up was 44.2 months. Overall 5-year survival was 50.8 %. On multivariate analysis, adenocarcinoma (p = 0.001) and pN0 after resection (p = 0.01) were significant predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: EUS was inaccurate in staging cT2N0M0 esophageal cancer in this study. Poorly differentiated tumors were more frequently understaged. Adenocarcinoma and absence of lymph node metastases (pN0) were independently predictive of long-term survival. pN0 status was significantly more common in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy, but long-term survival was not affected by neoadjuvant therapy. A strategy of neoadjuvant therapy followed by resection may be optimal in this group, especially in patients with disease likely to be understaged.	esophagus
Stepwise expression of CDKN2A and RB1 proteins in esophageal mucosa from patients at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma.	Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a lethal cancer and carries a poor prognosis because of late diagnosis. Identification of molecular markers may aid early diagnosis. We assessed the expression of CDKN2A/RB1 in the esophageal mucosa and its association with the histology. Esophageal biopsies were collected from 38 patients with no esophageal lesion (group 1), from iodine-negative areas of 108 alcoholics/smokers (group 2), and from tumor and nontumor areas in 41 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (group 3). The histologic diagnosis was compared with immunoexpression of CDKN2A/RB1. In group 1, histology showed normal mucosa/mild esophagitis and no expression of CDKN2A/RB1. In groups 2 and 3, the diagnosis was: normal mucosa (38.4%), esophagitis (44.4%), dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (2.8%), and carcinoma (14.3%). The immunoexpression of CDKN2A/RB1 increased in a stepwise manner from the normal mucosa, to esophagitis, dysplasia/carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma (P<0.01). CDKN2A/RB1 was not expressed in the esophageal mucosa of patients without risk factors. p16/pRb expression increased in a stepwise manner, according to the severity of histologic lesions, in biopsies from patients exposed to risk factors or with carcinoma. Esophageal mucosa exposed to risk factors with the expression of those proteins may be at risk for malignant transformation.	esophagus
Esophageal adenocarcinoma with white opaque substance observed by magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging.	White opaque substance (WOS) is observed in the gastric neoplasia of 0-IIa type using magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI-ME). Colonic and duodenal neoplasms with WOS have also been reported. Immunohistochemical examination with adipophilin reveals WOS in gastric neoplasms as lipid droplets, and WOS is specific for neoplasm with intestinal or gastrointestinal phenotype. We herein report a case of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction with WOS. A male patient in his sixties was found by esophagogastroduodenoscopy to have an esophageal elevated lesion. NBI-ME showed whitish deposits that looked similar to WOS in gastric neoplasms. The patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection and the lesion was resected in a single piece. This tumor had diffuse positivity for adipophilin and gastrointestinal phenotype.	esophagus
Efficacy of taxane-based regimens in a first-line setting for recurrent and/or metastatic Chinese patients with esophageal cancer.	OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of taxane-based regimens in the first line setting retrospectively in Chinese patients with recurrent and/or metastatic esophageal cancer. METHODS: We analyzed 102 recurrent and/or metastatic esophageal cancer patients who received taxanes-based regimens in a first-line setting from January 2009 to December 2013. Sixteen (15.7%) patients were administered Nab-PTX based chemotherapy and 86 patients (84.3%) received paclitaxel (PTX) or docetaxel (DTX) based chemotherapy. Patients in the PTX/DTX group could be further divided into TP (71 patients) and TPF (15 patients) groups. RESULTS: The objective response rate (ORR) of all patients was 20.6%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 67.6%. The median overall survival (OS) was 10.5 months (95% CI 10.1-16.4) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.04 months (95% CI 5.09-7.91). The DCR was higher in the TPF group than the TP group (93.3% vs. 59.1%; p = 0.015 ). There were no significant differences in ORR, OS, and PFS among Nab-PTX, TPF and TP groups. CONCLUSIONS: The three regimens of Nab-PTX based, TP and TPF proved active in a first line setting of Chinese patients with recurrent and/or metastatic esophageal cancer, and should thus be regarded as alternative treatments.	esophagus
Effects of PLCE1 gene silencing by RNA interference on cell cycling and apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells.	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignancies with a poor prognosis. The phospholipase C? gene (PLCE1) encodes a novel ras-related protein effector mediating the effects of R-Ras on the actin cytoskeleton and membrane protrusion. However, molecular mechanisms pertinent to ESCC are unclear. We therefore designed PLCE1-special small interfering RNA and transfected to esophageal squamous cell (EC) 9706 cells to investigate the effects of PLCE1 gene silencing on the cell cycle and apoptosis of ESCC and indicate its important role in the development of ESCC. Esophageal cancer tissue specimens and normal esophageal mucosa were obtained and assayed by immunohistochemical staining to confirm overexpression of PLCE1 in neoplasias. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine transfection efficiency, while the result of PLCE1 silencing was examined by reverse transcription (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry and annexin V apoptosis assays were used to assess the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Expression of cyclin D1 and caspase-3 was detected by Western-blotting. The level of PLCE1 protein in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. After transfection, the expression of PLCE1 mRNA in EC 9706 was significantly reduced, compared with the control group. Furthermore, flow cytometry results suggested that the PLCE1 gene silencing arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase; apoptosis was significantly higher than in the negative control group and mock group. PLCE1 gene silencing by RNAi resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of caspase-3. Our study suggests that PLCE1 may be an oncogene and play an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis through regulating proteins which control cell cycling and apoptosis.	esophagus
Meta-analysis of six randomized control trials of chemotherapy plus anti-HER monoclonal antibody for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis was performed to examine the benefit/risk ratio for the addition of anti- HER MoAbs to chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer from six randomized phase II/III trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched relative trials from Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane library databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, Google Scholar and the NIH ClinicalTrials. Primary outcomes were overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were toxicities. All analyses were performed using STATA 12.0. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 2, 297 patients and we demonstrated that the anti-HER MoAbs arm did have a positive effect on ORR in the anti-HER MoAbs arm (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.64, p=0.01). There was an increasing benefit regarding OS (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60-0.88, p<0.05) and PFS (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60-0.84, p<0.05) in the anti-HER2 subgroup, but a reduction of OS (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87-1.36, p<0.05) and PFS (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.98 -1.28, P<0.05) in anti-EGFR subgroup. Some grade 3-4 toxicity had a significantly higher incidence in the anti-HER MoAbs arm. There was no significant publication bias for all endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of trstuzumab MoAb to chemotherapy for gastric and gastroesophageal cancer significantly improved outcome of OS and PFS endpoints, while other MoAbs led to no improvement in results. Some adverse events were increased in anti-HER MoAbs arm compared with the control.	esophagus
Intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's oesophagus may be an epiphenomenon rather than a preneoplastic condition, and CDX2-positive cardiac-type epithelium is associated with minute Barrett's tumour.	AIMS: Although intestinal-type epithelium in Barrett's oesophagus has been traditionally recognized as having a distinct malignant potential, whether this also holds true for cardiac-type epithelium remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify a type of epithelium that is highly associated with Barrett's tumour. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed tumours and the corresponding background mucosa with special regard to tumour size in 40 cases of superficial Barrett's tumour by using immunohistochemical staining for CDX2, CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. Intestinal metaplasia in tumour-adjacent mucosa was not associated with tumour size, but was significantly correlated with the extent of Barrett's oesophagus (P < 0.001). The majority (69.2%, 9/13) of small tumours (≤10 mm) had no intestinal metaplasia in adjacent non-neoplastic mucosae. Minute (≤5 mm) tumours were significantly associated with a gastric immunophenotype (P < 0.001). Purely gastric-immunophenotype tumour cells expressed CDX2, and cardiac-type epithelium adjacent to small tumours also showed low-level CDX2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's oesophagus is an epiphenomenon rather than a preneoplastic condition, and that CDX2-positive cardiac-type epithelium is highly associated with minute Barrett's tumour. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the risk of malignancy of cardiac-type epithelium with regard to sub-morphological intestinalization.	esophagus
Signet ring cells in esophageal adenocarcinoma predict poor response to preoperative chemoradiation.	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of signet ring cell histology to predict response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Two groups of patients with locoregional esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery were studied: those with signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (n = 85) and a reference group (n = 638) with usual and other types of adenocarcinoma. Surgical specimens were reviewed for degree of pathologic response and pathologic stage. Cox regression models were used to assess the effects of clinicopathologic variables on survival. RESULTS: Tumors from patients in the signet ring cell group had a lower rate of complete pathologic response (9% versus 26%, p < 0.001) and more frequent positive margins (24% versus 10%, p < 0.001) compared with tumors from the reference group. Median overall survival (22 versus 48 months, p = 0.003) and disease-free survival (16 versus 35 months, p = 0.007) were shorter in the signet ring cell group than in the reference group. Signet ring cell histology and high pathologic stage were significant predictors of decreased overall survival and disease-free survival. Survival durations for patients whose resected specimens showed downstaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiation did not significantly differ from survival durations of patients whose specimens did not show downstaging in the signet ring cell group, unlike the reference group. CONCLUSIONS: Signet ring cell histology on pretreatment biopsy predicts a decreased likelihood of complete pathologic response and survival for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with preoperative chemoradiation and surgery.	esophagus
Pretreatment metabolic tumour volume is predictive of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	PURPOSE: It has been suggested that FDG PET has predictive value for the prognosis of treated oesophageal carcinoma. However, the studies reported in the literature have shown discordant results. The aim of this study was to determine whether pretherapy quantitative metabolic parameters correlate with patient outcomes. METHODS: Included in the study were 67 patients with a histological diagnosis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Each patient underwent (18)F-FDG PET (4.5 MBq/kg) before chemoradiotherapy. Quantitative analysis was performed using the following parameters: age, weight loss, location, N stage, OMS performance status, MTVp and MTVp' (metabolic tumour volume determined by two different physicians), MTV40% (volume for a threshold of 40 % of SUVmax), MTVa (volume automatically determined with a contrast-based adaptive threshold method), SUVmax, SUVmean and TLG (total lesion glycolysis). RESULTS: MTVp and MTV40% were highly correlated (Pearson's index 0.92). SUVmeanp and SUVmean40% were also correlated (Pearson's index 0.86), as were TLGp and TLG40% (Pearson's index 0.98). Similarly, the parameters obtained with the adaptive threshold method (MTVa, SUVmeana and TLGa) were correlated with those obtained manually (MTVp, SUVmeanp and TLGp). The manual metabolic tumour volume determination (MTVp and MTVp') was reproducible. Multivariate analysis for disease-free survival (DFS) showed that a larger MTVp was associated with a shorter DFS (p = 0.004) and that a higher SUVmax was associated with a longer DFS (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis for overall survival (OS) showed that a larger MTVp was associated with a shorter OS (p = 0.01) and that a tumour in the distal oesophagus was associated with a longer OS (p = 0.005). The associations among the other parameters were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Metabolic tumour volume is a major prognostic factor for DFS and OS in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Higher SUVmax values were paradoxically associated with longer survival. The location of the tumour also appeared to affect prognosis.	esophagus
Role of EZH2 polymorphisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Han Chinese population.	Gene single nucleotide polymorphisms play a critical role in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between EZH2 gene polymorphisms and ESCC risk. We undertook a case-control study to analyze three EZH2 polymorphisms (148505302C>T, 2110+6A>C and 626-394T>C) in an Han Chinese population, by extraction of genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 476 patients with ESCC and 492 control participants, and performed EZH2 genotyping using DNA sequencing. The obtained results indicated that overall, no statistically significant association was observed in 148505302C>T and 2110+6A>C. However, 626-394T>C genotype was at increased risk of ESCCs (p=0.006; odds ratio (OR)=1.131, CI 95%: 1.034-1.236). Moreover, 626-394C/C genotype ESCCs were more significantly common in patients with tumor size of >5 cm than T allele ESCC and in cases of poor differentiation and lower advanced pathological stage. In conclusion, polymorphism in 626-394T>C was observed to be associated with susceptibility of ESCC. Nevertheless, further investigation with a larger sample size is needed to support our results.	esophagus
Chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma in a rat model by ursodeoxycholic acid.	Reflux of bile acid into the esophagus induces esophagitis, inflammation-stimulated hyperplasia, metaplasia such as Barrett's esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Caudal-type homeobox 2 (Cdx2) via nuclear factor (NF)-κB induced by bile acid is an important factor in the development of BE and EAC. In colorectal cancer, experimental data suggest a chemopreventive effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). We hypothesized that UDCA may protect against the esophageal inflammation-metaplasia-carcinoma sequence by decreasing the overall proportion of the toxic bile acids. Wistar male rats that underwent a duodenoesophageal reflux procedure were divided into two groups. One group was given commercial chow (control group), and the other was given experimental chow containing UDCA (UDCA group). The animals were killed at 40 weeks after surgery, and their bile and esophagus were examined. In the UDCA group, the esophagitis was milder and the incidence of BE was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the control group, and EAC was not observed (p < 0.05). In analysis of the compartment of bile acid, UDCA was markedly increased in the UDCA group compared with the control group (32.7 ± 11.4 vs. 0.82 ± 0.33 mmol/L, p < 0.05) and cholic acid was decreased (32.7 ± 4.05 vs. 60.9 ± 8.26 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Expression intensity of Cdx2 and NF-κB was greater in the control group than in the UDCA group (p < 0.05). UDCA may be a chemopreventive agent against EAC by varying the bile acid composition.	esophagus
Fusion of human bone hemopoietic stem cell with esophageal carcinoma cells didn't generate esophageal cancer stem cell.	Prior studies showed that cell fusion between bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) and somatic cell might be the origin of cancer stem cell. Our previous study suggested that cell fusion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) with esophageal cancer cell did not generate cancer stem cells. But up to now, the origin of cancer stem cell is still ambiguous. In this study, we carried out the cell fusion experiment between hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and human esophageal cancer cells, and found that cell fusion slowed the growth speed of esophageal cancer cells and decreased the clone formation ability and tumorigenicity in NOD/SCID mice. In addition, cell fusion did not increase the ratio of side population (SP) cells and the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Collectively, our data indicated that cell fusion between HSCs and esophageal cancer cells has a therapeutic effect rather than generate cells with characteristics of esophageal cancer stem cells.	esophagus
Meta-analysis of postoperative efficacy in patients receiving chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for resectable esophageal carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (CRTS) prolongs the 5-year survival rate of resectable esophageal carcinoma patients. However, the effect of CRTS on postoperative complications, local recurrence and distant metastasis remains controversial. We performed a systematic review of the literature and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the postoperative efficacy of CRTS compared with surgery alone (SA). METHODS: Pubmed, Web of Science and the Cochrane library Databases were used to identify published studies between 2000 and 2013 that directly compared CRTS with SA. The pooled relative risk (RR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) constituted the principal measure of treatment effects. Heterogeneity was assessed by the χ2 and I2 statistic. RESULTS: The final analysis included 1930 resectable esophageal carcinoma cases from 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Compared with SA, CRTS was associated with significantly decreased postoperative mortality, local recurrence and distant metastasis rates, with RR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.49-0.84), 0.53 (0.39-0.73), 0.82 (0.68-0.98); p = 0.001, <0.00001, =0.03, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in postoperative complication incidence between the two groups (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.96-1.24; p = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: CRTS significantly decreased postoperative mortality, local recurrence and distant metastasis rates compared to SA. Additionally, there were no increased postoperative complications for patients with resectable esophageal carcinoma. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1531519216130950.	esophagus