crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Impact of an Early Oral Feeding Protocol on Inflammatory Cytokine Changes After Esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of early oral feeding (EOF) on inflammatory cytokine levels after McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for cancer. METHODS: This study was based on a randomized controlled trial (NCT01998230). Patients with esophageal cancer who received McKeown MIE were randomly allocated into a group that started oral feeding on postoperative day (POD) 1 (EOF group) or a second group that received nil by mouth until 7 days after operation (late oral feeding [LOF] group). We chose 86 patients, 46 patients in the EOF group and 40 patients in the LOF group, in which to analyze inflammatory cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-α], and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1]). RESULTS: The EOF and LOF groups exhibited similar preoperative IL-6, IL-8 TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels. The levels of the four inflammatory cytokines at PODs 1 and 3 were significantly higher than the preoperative levels (all p < 0.001). At POD 5 the levels of all four inflammatory cytokines were decreased compared with those at PODs 1 and 3. At PODs 3 and 5 the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the EOF group than in the LOF group (all p < 0.05). At POD 3 the MCP-1 levels in the EOF group were significantly lower than those in the LOF group (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional rehabilitation programs the EOF protocol may decrease stress response after McKeown MIE.	esophagus
LncRNA-NEF inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cells by inactivating wnt/β-catenin pathway.	OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA-Neighboring Enhancer of FOXA2 (NEF) in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were obtained from esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma patients, and blood samples were extracted from both patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and healthy volunteers. The expression of NEF was detected by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). All patients were followed-up for 5 years and ROC curve analysis and survival analysis were performed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum NEF for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. NEF expression vector was transfected into cells of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell lines. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. The interaction between NEF and wnt/β-catenin pathway were explored by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Expression of NEF was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues than in adjacent tissues in most patients. Serum level of NEF was higher in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma patients than in healthy controls, and was significantly correlated with tumor size and tumor distant tumor metastasis. Serum NEF is a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. NEF overexpression inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. NEF overexpression decreased the expression levels of wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins, while Wnt activator showed no significant effects on NEF. However, Wnt inhibitor reduced the effects of NEF overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA NEF may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cells by inactivating with wnt/β-catenin pathway.	esophagus
MicroRNA-556-3p promotes the progression of esophageal cancer via targeting DAB2IP.	OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of microRNA-556-3p in esophageal cancer (EC) tissues and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying microRNA-556-3p in promoting EC progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: QRT-PCR (quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) was performed to detect microRNA-556-3p expression in 65 cases of EC tissues, 30 cases of normal esophageal tissues and EC cell lines. The overall survival (OS) of EC patients was calculated based on the 10-year follow-up data. For in vitro experiments, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and transwell assay were performed to evaluate the effect of microRNA-556-3p on the proliferative and invasive abilities of EC cells. The effect of microRNA-556-3p on DAB2IP and MAPK pathway was determined by Western blot and qRT-PCR. The binding condition between microRNA-556-3p and DAB2IP was further confirmed by Luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS: MicroRNA-556-3p expression was upregulated in EC tissues than that of paracancerous tissues. EC patients with higher expression of microRNA-556-3p presented a shorter OS than those with lower expression. Moreover, microRNA-556-3p overexpression in EC cells remarkably promoted cell viability. Upregulated microRNA-556-3p in Eca109 and Eca7906 cell lines markedly increased cell proliferation and invasion. The expression level of DAB2IP was negatively regulated by microRNA-556-3p verified by the Luciferase reporter gene assay. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA-556-3p blocked the translation of DAB2IP at mRNA level by directly binding to 3'UTR of DAB2IP, thereafter enhancing the proliferation of Eca109 and Eca7906 cells. MicroRNA-556-3p promoted the occurrence and development of EC. Our study provided a new theoretical basis and therapeutic target for EC treatment.	esophagus
Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patients with Gastro-esophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: a Retrospective Cohort Study in Iran.	PURPOSE: The optimal treatment for locally advanced GEJ and cardia adenocarcinoma is controversial. Several studies have shown that treating these patients with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery leads to survival benefits, and there are also studies that have declared conflicting results. It seems that there is still room for discussion. We calculated the survival rates and pathologic responses in our patients with characteristics which we mentioned above. METHODS: Patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic GEJ and cardia adenocarcinomas (only patients with Siewert's type I and II), who were referred to Imam Khomeini hospital (Institute of cancer) between 2005 and 2014 and received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and underwent surgery were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Evaluations were done every 3 months. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients enrolled in this study. Median follow up time was 23 months (Reverse Kaplan-Meier method). The rates of 1-year survival, 2-year survival, 3-year survival, 4-year survival, and 5-year survival were 75%, 52%, 52%, 37%, and 37%, respectively. No local recurrences occurred among patients; however, four patients experienced distal recurrence in the following locations: two cases (6.3%) in the liver, one case (3.1%) in the lung, and one case (3.1%) in the peritoneum. The rate of complete pathologic response (T(0)N(0)) was 21.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced GEJ and cardia adenocarcinoma will lead to a survival benefit.	esophagus
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding: an Underestimated Risk Factor for the Development of Esophageal Cancer?-a Nationwide Survey.	BACKGROUND: Approximately 14% of Austria's 8.5 million inhabitants have a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m(2). The laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) was introduced in Austria in 1994, where about 10.300 patients have received it so far. One of our LAGB patients developed an adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus 13 years after implantation. OBJECTIVES: In order to calculate whether after LAGB patients are at higher risk for carcinoma of the esophagus, we performed a nationwide survey. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all surgical departments in Austria, primarily in order to detect cases with esophageal carcinoma after LAGB, but also to evaluate the policy in Austria concerning preoperative work-up, operation, and follow-up in LAGB patients. RESULTS: Since 1994, 37 of the 119 surgical departments in Austria have performed a total of about 10.300 LAGB implantations. Six patients have been identified with esophageal cancer following LAGB. The WHO statistical report on esophageal cancer shows an incidence of 2.8/100.000 per year in Austria, about 1/3 of which cases are adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. CONCLUSION: Following LAGB, the incidence of esophageal cancer might be up to fivefold higher than the aged standardized overall population of Austria.	esophagus
Underutilization of the CROSS Regimen Among US Radiation Oncologists: A National Survey of Practice Patterns.	AIM: To examine patterns of clinical practice in locally advanced esophageal cancer among US radiation oncologists after publication of the CROSS trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US radiation oncologists were surveyed on 13 questions pertaining to the management of esophageal cancer. Respondents' demographics and their clinical rationale were analyzed for statistical association with their treatment recommendations. RESULTS: Few respondents (15%) offered the CROSS regimen to patients considered suitable surgical candidates, while a near-equivalent number (16%) prescribed between 41.4 and 50.4 Gy contingent upon radiation planning parameters. Among respondents who prescribed 50.4 Gy, 50% and 17% reported concurrent administration of carboplatin/paclitaxel and cisplatin/5-FU, respectively. Higher radiation doses, over 50.4 Gy, were utilized by 15% and 38% of respondents for borderline surgical candidates and candidates unfit for surgery, respectively. The majority of respondents believed that higher complete pathological response and R0 resection would be achieved, as well as higher toxicity conferred using 50.4 Gy instead of 41.4 Gy. A clinical trial comparing 41.4 Gy to 50.4 Gy with concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel was supported by 76% of respondents. CONCLUSION: Despite results from the CROSS trial, the majority of responding US radiation oncologists do not offer 41.4 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy for surgically-fit patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, believing that a higher dose will translate to improved response.	esophagus
[(99m)Tc]3PRGD(2) for integrin receptor imaging of esophageal cancer: a comparative study with [(18)F]FDG PET/CT.	OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of (99m)technetium-three polyethylene glycol spacers-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ([(99m)Tc]3PRGD(2)) in the evaluation of patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with a suspected esophageal lesion and for whom definite pathological diagnosis was finally obtained were recruited. Whole-body planar scanning and chest single-photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) were performed at 30 and 40 min, respectively, after intravenous injection of 11.1 MBq/kg of [(99m)Tc]3PRGD(2). 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F] fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed in 1 week. The tumor-to-background ratio (T/B) and the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) were calculated for semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses. Integrin α(v)β(3) was analyzed through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The T/B, SUVmax and expression of integrin α(v)β(3) in malignant lesions were higher than those in benign lesions (t = 3.691, P = 0.001; t = 8.271, P = 0.000; t = 3.632, P = 0.001, respectively). There was a significant correlation between T/B and SUVmax in esophageal lesions (r = 0.660, P = 0.000). The expression of integrin α(v)β(3) was correlated with [(99m)Tc]3PRGD(2) uptake (r = 0.782, P = 0.000). In visual analysis, the sensitivity and accuracy of the whole-body planar RGD scan were lower than those of the chest SPECT/CT RGD scan and the [(18)F]FDG PET/CT scan (x(2) = 6.769, P = 0.022). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the chest SPECT/CT RGD scan were similar to those of the [(18)F] FDG PET/CT scan. In semi-quantitative analysis, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of chest SPECT/CT RGD from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were 87%, 100% and 94%, respectively [cutoff = 3.1 of T/B, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.957]. Thirteen patients (30 lymph nodes) and 16 patients (105 lymph nodes) were suspected to have lymph node metastases based on the RGD and FDG scans, respectively. CONCLUSION: This prospective study demonstrated that [(99m)Tc]3PRGD(2) imaging is valuable for the diagnosis and staging of esophageal cancer. It may be less sensitive than [(18)F]FDG imaging for detecting metastatic lesions in small lymph nodes. The T/B value was correlated with the expression of integrin α(v)β(3). NIH CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT 02744729.	esophagus
Positron-Emission Tomography Scan-Directed Chemoradiation for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: No Benefit for a Change in Chemotherapy in Positron-Emission Tomography Nonresponders.	INTRODUCTION: Preoperative or definitive chemoradiation is an accepted treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The MUNICON study showed that positron-emission tomography (PET) response following induction chemotherapy was predictive of outcomes in patients with gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the predictive value of PET following induction chemotherapy in ESCC patients and assessed the impact of changing chemotherapy during radiation in PET nonresponders. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with locally advanced ESCC who received induction chemotherapy and chemoradiation; all patients had a PET before and after induction chemotherapy. Survival was calculated from date of repeat PET using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared between groups using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Of 111 patients, 70 (63%) were PET responders (defined as a 35% or more decrease in maximum standard uptake value) to induction chemotherapy. PET responders received the same chemotherapy during radiation. Of 41 PET nonresponders, 16 continued with the same chemotherapy and 25 were changed to alternative chemotherapy with radiation. Median progression-free survival (70.1 months versus 7.1 months, p < 0.01) and overall survival (84.8 months versus 17.2 months, p < 0.01) were improved for PET responders versus nonresponders. Median progression-free survival and overall survival for PET nonresponders who changed chemotherapy versus those who did not were 6.4 months versus 8.3 months (p = 0.556) and 14.1 versus 17.2 months (p = 0.81), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PET after induction chemotherapy highly predicts for outcomes in ESCC patients who receive chemoradiation. However, our results suggest that PET nonresponders do not benefit from changing chemotherapy during radiation. Future trials should use PET nonresponse after induction chemotherapy to identify poor prognosis patients for novel therapies.	esophagus
Diagnosis and survival values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Recent studies have borne out claims that inflammation has a vital role in the development and progression of many diseases, including cancers. It has been reported that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) could act as independent prognostic factors for several malignant tumors. We evaluated the diagnosis and prognosis values of preoperative inflammatory indicators, including NLR and RDW in esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 354 EC patients and 220 early esophageal cancer (EEC) undergoing potentially curative esophagectomy in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and chose 201 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers as the control group. We compared the clinicopathological features, survival curves and prognosis of the EC patients between the high and low groups according to the cutoff values of NLR and RDW. RESULTS: Significant higher preoperative NLR and RDW values were detected in patients with EEC and EC compared to the healthy controls (P < .001). A high RDW was significantly associated with an older age (P < .05). NLR and RDW values after surgery in EC group were significantly higher than those before surgery (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). For EEC group, a higher RDW value showed a significantly worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = .040 and P = .013, respectively). For EC group, an increased NLR indicated a significantly association with poor overall survival (OS) (P = .004) and DFS (P = .001). Preoperative NLR can act as an independent prognostic indicator for EC. CONCLUSION: The preoperative NLR and RDW are convenient, practical easily measured biomarkers of clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment of patients with EC. Furthermore, NLR was more effective than RDW acting as an independent prognostic biomarker for EC.	esophagus
Enhancement of radiotherapeutic efficacy for esophageal cancer by paclitaxel-loaded red blood cell membrane nanoparticles modified by the recombinant protein anti-EGFR-iRGD.	Paclitaxel is widely used as a radiosensitizer for various tumors, including esophageal cancer, but its therapeutic effect remains to be improved. In this study, we constructed a novel nano-radiosensitizer, anti-EGFR-iRGD-conjugated (iE)-PRNPs, by conjugating the recombinant protein anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-internalizing arginine-glycine-aspartic (iRGD) to the surface of paclitaxel-loaded red blood cell membrane nanoparticles (PRNPs). The iE-PRNPs were confirmed to possess tumor-targeting, high penetrability, and sustained release properties that free paclitaxel does not possess. Compared with that of paclitaxel, the sensitizer enhancement ratio of iE-PRNPs was significantly increased (1.32-fold and 1.25-fold) in esophageal cancer cells with high and low expression levels of EGFR, respectively. Additionally, compared with that of unmodified PRNPs, the sensitizer enhancement ratio of iE-PRNPs in EGFR-overexpressing esophageal cancer cells was significantly increased (1.27-fold), while that of PRNPs in esophageal cancer cells with a low EGFR expression level increased slightly (1.06-fold). The improved radiosensitization effect was associated with enhanced G2/M arrest, increased reactive oxygen species, and more effective induction of DNA double-strand breaks. In summary, iE-PRNPs appear to be a novel type of radiosensitizer with the potential to overcome the bottleneck of esophageal cancer radiotherapeutic efficacy.	esophagus
Propensity-Matched Analysis Comparing Survival After Hybrid Thoracoscopic-Laparotomy Esophagectomy and Complete Thoracoscopic-Laparoscopic Esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: Hybrid thoracoscopic-laparotomy esophagectomy (hTE) and complete thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy (cTLE) are the two most frequently used minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) procedures and are broadly utilized for esophageal cancer. We evaluated differences in short- and long-term outcomes between hTE and cTLE in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: Patients who underwent MIE for ESCC between September 2009 and February 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to contrast the postoperative results of hTE and cTLE according to the obtained and analyzed pertinent patient features and postoperative variables. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used on possible predictors of survival. RESULTS: Eighty-six well-balanced pairs of patients were available for outcome comparison after PSM. Compared to Group 1 (hTE), the patients in Group 2 (cTLE) had significantly shorter operative times and less intraoperative blood loss, but a higher number of retrieved nodes (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, and p = 0.000, respectively). The incidence of postoperative complications was 40.7% (70/172) and did not significantly differ between the two groups. The patients in Group 2 exhibited higher disease-free survival and disease-specific survival (DSS) than those in Group 1 (p = 0.048 and p = 0.041, respectively). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that pT stage, pN stage, differentiation grade, and the surgical procedure had significant HRs, which suggested that cTLE is associated with better DSS. CONCLUSIONS: cTLE possibly shows better postoperative and oncologic outcomes than hTE.	esophagus
[Carcinosarcoma of the Esophagus That Presented as Esophageal Stenosis].	Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor. A 76-year-old man consulted near hospital about dysphagia. A gastrointestinal fiberscopy showed a stricture of the thoracic esophagus at approximately 34 cm from the incisor, and the macroscopic type of the tumor was 0-Ip. Biopsy results indicated carcinosarcoma. The patient underwent esophagectomy and regional lymphadenectomy with gastric tube reconstruction by laparoscopy-assisted surgery and thoracotomy. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed that the majority of the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped atypical cells, but because a very small transitional area between squamous cell carcinoma and sarcoma was noted, a diagnosis of carcinosarcoma was made. The depth of invasion was small, and no region lymph node metastasis was detected. We classified the tumor as pT1b(SM)N0M0, pStage I. Immunohistochemically, the spindle-shaped sarcomatous cells displayed a posi- tive reaction to vimentin and cytokeratin AE1/AE3. Ki -67(MIB-1)labeling index was high. The patient was discharged after an uneventful postoperative course and remains well as an outpatient at his 6-month follow-up. We report this case with a review of the literature.	esophagus
Large Paraesophageal Schwannoma With Intense Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression on 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT Mimicking Lymph Node Metastasis in a Patient With Prostate Cancer.	Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-PET/CT as an emerging modality in molecular imaging will lead to earlier detection and localization of relapse in prostate cancer but will undoubtedly also lead to false-positive findings, as it becomes clear that this new tracer is not as specific as its name would suggest. In this context, we present a case of a large PSMA-expressing schwannoma, a rare nerve sheath tumor mimicking paraesophageal lymph node metastasis in a patient with a history of prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence.	esophagus
Cancer stem cells in esophageal cancer and response to therapy.	Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in esophageal cancer have a key role in tumor-initiation, progression, metastases, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. CSCs can be characterized by unique biomarkers, however, there exists an immense complexity of changing characteristics driven by tumor evolution and exposure to therapy. Attempts to target CSCs are ongoing but more in depth research is necessary.	esophagus