crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
[Small interfering RNA in silencing cox-2 expression enhances radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer EC9706 cell].	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to cox-2 gene on the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cell EC9706. METHODS: The siRNA vector was established for cox-2 gene and then induced into esophageal cancer cell EC9706 by lipofectamine. G418 screening yielded stably transfected cells. After the irradiation of 0, 2 and 4 Gy, the cellular expression levels of cox-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and those of cox-2 protein, AKT protein and phosphorylation AKT protein (pAKT) by Western blot. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometer. Invasion of cells was detected by invasive assay in vitro. The invasive and metastatic capacities of cancer cells were assessed by invasion assay in vitro. Proliferative potential was quantified by clone-forming assay. RESULTS: The sequencing result confirmed that siRNA vector pRNA-U6 for cox-2 gene was established. The results of 1-sinCox214, RT-PCR and Western blot showed that cox-2 gene expression of transfected EC9706 cell was silenced efficiently. After the irradiation of 0, 2 and 4 Gy, the expressions of MMP2, Bcl-2 mRNA, AKT protein and pAKT in silencing cox-2 gene expression significantly decreased. There was an inverse correlation with irradiation dose. The Bax mRNA expression evidently increased directly with irradiation dose; the apoptotic rate in cox-2 silencing groups was evidently higher than the control groups. And the difference was significant (P < 0.01); invasion cells in vitro in Cox-2 silencing groups evidently decreased with significant difference (P < 0.01). The colony formation rate of cells decreased obviously in cox-2 silencing groups after the irradiation of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Small interference RNA in silencing cox-2 gene expression can enhance significantly the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer EC9706 cells. And the mechanism may be related with MMP2, Bax, Bcl-2, AKT protein and pAKT protein.	esophagus
[Analysis and prediction of esophageal cancer incidence trend in China].	OBJECTIVE: Based on the registered esophageal cancer data from 1998 to 2007, to analyze the incidence of esophageal cancer during the period and then to predict its trend between year 2008 and 2015. METHODS: The incidence data of esophageal cancer between 1998 and 2007 were sorted from National Cancer Registry Database. Data from forty selected registries were qualified and recruited in the study, including 86 427 cases in total, covering 446 734 668 person years. Crude incidence rates were calculated by area and gender. The standardized incidence rate was adjusted by World Segi's population composition. JoinPoint software was applied to analyze the 10 years' incidence trend and calculated the annual percentage change, while Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model was used to fit the data and predict the incidence between 2008 and 2015. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2007, the crude incidence rates among males and females in urban areas were separately 16.58/100 000 (28 207/170 131 309) and 7.14/100 000 (11 761/164 830 893), with standardized rates at 12.06/100 000 and 4.55/100 000, respectively. In rural areas, the crude incidence rates and the standardized rates were separately 51.98/100 000 (29 303/56 377 236) and 47.18/100 000 among males, and 30.97/100 000 (17 156/55 395 230) and 25.30/100 000 among females. During the ten years, the crude incidence trend of esophageal cancer among urban females decreased from 10.29/100 000 (1115/10 838 355) in 1998 to 6.29/100 000 (1387/22 057 787) in 2007. However, the crude incidence rate among rural males increased from 47.69/100 000 (2062/4 323 628) to 54.80/100 000 (4207/7 677 484) in the same period. And the rate among rural females and urban males did not change obviously. After adjusting population structure, in urban areas, the male incidence rate decreased by 2.1% annually and female incidence rate dropped by 7.5% annually. In rural areas, the female incidence rate fell by 1.3% annually, while the male incidence rate remained the same without significant changes. The prediction model estimated that there would be 134 474 new esophageal cancer cases diagnosed in year 2015, including 104 400 males and 30 074 females, while 52 506 cases came from urban areas and the other 81 968 cases were from rural areas. CONCLUSION: The esophageal cancer incidence showed a downtrend, especially among urban females. By year 2015, the threat of esophageal cancer will be alleviated.	esophagus
An enhanced recovery pathway decreases duration of stay after esophagectomy.	PURPOSE: Enhanced recovery pathways (ERP) decrease morbidity and duration of stay after colorectal surgery. There is little information about their role in complex procedures, such as esophagectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an ERP on duration of stay, complications, and readmissions after esophagectomy. METHODS: Patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer or high-grade dysplasia from June 2009 to December 2011 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Beginning in June 2010, all patients were enrolled in a 7-day multidisciplinary ERP including written patient education with daily treatment plan, indications for intensive care admission, early structured mobilization, and diet and drain management. Short-term (30-day) outcomes were compared for patients undergoing esophagectomy pre- and post-pathway. Data are expressed as median values [interquartile range]. RESULTS: We identified 106 patients; 47 underwent esophagectomy before ERP implementation and 59 after. Patients were similar with respect to age, gender, diagnosis, and operative time. Hospital stay was shorter in the ERP group (8 [7-17] vs 10 [9-17] days; P = .01). There were no differences in rates of complications (59% vs 62%) or readmissions (6% vs 5%). CONCLUSION: Implementation of a multidisciplinary ERP for esophagectomy was associated with decreased duration of stay, without an increase in complications or readmissions.	esophagus
Cigarette smoking and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism are associated with 8-OHdG accumulation on mitochondrial DNA in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: We examined whether cigarette smoking affects the degrees of oxidative damage (8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), whether the degree of 8-OHdG accumulation on mtDNA is related to the increased total mtDNA copy number, and whether human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) Ser326Cys polymorphisms affect the degrees of 8-OHdG accumulation on mtDNA in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC). METHODS: DNA extracted from microdissected tissues of paired noncancerous esophageal muscles, noncancerous esophageal mucosa, and cancerous TESCC nests (n = 74) along with metastatic lymph nodes (n = 38) of 74 TESCC patients was analyzed. Both the mtDNA copy number and mtDNA integrity were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR and PCR-based direct sequencing. RESULTS: Among noncancerous esophageal mucosa, cancerous TESCC nests, and metastatic lymph nodes, the mtDNA integrity decreased (95.2 to 47.9 to 18.6 %; P < 0.001) and the mtDNA copy number disproportionally increased (0.163 to 0.204 to 0.207; P = 0.026). In TESCC, higher indexes of cigarette smoking (0, 0-20, 20-40, and >40 pack-years) were related to an advanced pathologic N category (P = 0.038), elevated mtDNA copy number (P = 0.013), higher mtDNA copy ratio (P = 0.028), and increased mtDNA integrity (P = 0.069). The TESCC mtDNA integrity in patients with Ser/Ser, Ser/Cys, and Cys/Cys hOGG1 variants decreased stepwise from 65.2 to 52.1 to 41.3 % (P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated 8-OHdG accumulations on mtDNA in TESCC were observed. Such accumulations were associated with a compensatory increase in total mtDNA copy number, indexes of cigarette smoking, and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms.	esophagus
Gene silencing of β-catenin by RNAi inhibits proliferation of human esophageal cancer cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to explore mechanisms underlying the effects of down-regulating β-catenin expression on esophageal carcinoma (EC) cells. METHODS: Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry and annexin V apoptosis assay, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine changes in ultrastructure, while expression of cyclin D1 protein and mRNA was detected by western blot and real-time PCR. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 were evaluated by Western blot analysis. PCNA labeling index (LI) was determined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with pGen-3-con transfected and Eca-109 cells, the percentage of G0/G1-phase pGen-3-CTNNB1 transfected cells was obviously increased (P<0.05), with no significant difference among the three groups with regard to apoptosis (P>0.05). pGen-3-CTNNB1 transfected cells exhibited obvious decrease in cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05) and the ultrastructure of Eca-109 cells underwent a significant change after being transfected with pGen-3-CTNNB1, suggesting that down-regulating β-catenin expression can promote the differentiation and maturation. The expression of PCNA and the ERKI/2 phosphorylation state were also down-regulated in pGen-3-CTNNB1 transfected cells (P<0.05). At the same time, the PCNA labeling index was decreased accordingly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Inhibition of EC Eca-109 cellproliferation by down-regulating β-catenin expression could improve cell ultrastructure by mediating blockade in G0/G1 through inhibiting cyclin D1, PCNA and the MAPK pathway (p-ERK1/2).	esophagus
Technical and perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy in the prone position.	BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is performed through various approaches, including using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for mediastinal esophageal dissection. The prone technique allows for gravity-aided retraction of the lung. The aim of this study was to examine perioperative outcomes after prone MIE in relation to patient preoperative comorbidities. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study from our single tertiary-care center is presented. Between January 2007 and August 2010, a total of 42 patients underwent three-field prone MIE. The majority of patients were male (37 vs. 5 female), with an average age of 68 years (range = 37-87). The diagnoses for patients who underwent MIE were 35 adenocarcinoma, four Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia, two achalasia, and one squamous cell carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy was administered to 16 (38 %) patients. Preoperative comorbidities were quantified using the Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index; low risk was defined as a score of 0-2 (23 patients), moderate risk 3-4 (14 patients), and high risk 5 or higher (five patients). Postoperative complications were stratified using the Clavien Classification Scale; minor complications were grades 1 and 2 and major complications were grades 3-5. RESULTS: Median length of hospital stay was 8 days (range = 6-51) and median ICU stay was 2 days (range = 1-26). Average prone surgical time was 108 min (range = 67-198). Thirty-seven of 42 patients (88 %) were extubated on the day of operation. Postoperatively, all five high-risk patients had a complication, three of which were major. Eight of the 14 moderate-risk patients had a complication and three were major, and 17 of the 23 low-risk group had a complication with nine being major. There was a total of 15 major complications. Predominant complications were arrhythmias (15) and pneumonia (five), with four anastomotic leaks and two postoperative 30-day mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: This series supports using prone MIE. Despite a clinical pathway, including immediate extubation postoperatively, there is still a risk of pulmonary complications that appears to correlate with higher preoperative comorbidity scores.	esophagus
Results of chemoradiotherapy for stage I esophageal cancer in medically inoperable patients compared with results in operable patients.	The purpose of the present study was to evaluate long-term results of chemoradiotherapy for clinical T1b-2N0M0 esophageal cancer and to compare outcomes for operable and inoperable patients. Patients with stage I esophageal cancer (Union for International Cancer Control [UICC] 2009), excluding patients with cT1a esophageal cancer, were studied. All patients had histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma. Operable patients received cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with concurrent radiotherapy of 60 Gy including a 2-week break. Inoperable patients received nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil with concurrent radiotherapy of 60-70 Gy without a pause. End-points were overall survival rate (OS), cause-specific survival rate (CSS), progression-free survival rate (PFS), and locoregional control rate (LC). Thirty-seven operable patients and 30 medically inoperable patients were enrolled. There was a significant difference in only age between the operable group and inoperable group (P = 0.04). The median observation period was 67.9 months. In all patients, 5-year OS, CSS, PFS, and LC were 77.9%, 91.5%, 66.9%, and 80.8%, respectively. Comparison of the operable group and inoperable group showed that there was a significant difference in OS (5-year, 85.5% vs. 68.7%, P = 0.04), but there was no difference in CSS, PFS, or LC. Grade 3 or more late toxicity according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v 3.0 was found in seven patients. Even in medically inoperable patients with stage I esophageal cancer, LC of more than 80% can be achieved with chemoradiotherapy. However, OS in medically inoperable patients is significantly worse than that in operable patients.	esophagus
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus presenting with features of intracranial space occupying lesion.	We are reporting on a rare case of a male patient with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus presented itself clinically as a pure intracranial space occupying lesion with symptoms of abnormal body movement, hemiplegia and failure to communicate.	esophagus
Inhibition of SOX17 by microRNA 141 and methylation activates the WNT signaling pathway in esophageal cancer.	In this study, we explored the possibility of SOX17 promoter region methylation as an esophageal cancer detection marker, the regulation of SOX17 expression, and the function of SOX17 in the WNT signaling pathway in esophageal cancer. Eight esophageal cancer cell lines, 9 normal esophageal mucosa samples, 60 cases of dysplasia, and 169 cancer tissue samples were included. Methylation-specific PCR, semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, immunohistochemistry, luciferase reporter assay, colony formation, and Western blot analysis were used to analyze methylation and function of SOX17 in esophageal cancer. MicroRNA-related detection methods were performed to evaluate microRNA regulation of SOX17. SOX17 methylation was found in progression tendency with 0% of normal mucosa, 39% of grade 1 dysplasia, 48% of grades 2 and 3 dysplasia, and 65% of primary cancer. SOX17 methylation is related to esophageal cancer patients' history of alcohol use and may induce β-catenin expression and redistribution. Loss of SOX17 expression is correlated to promoter region hypermethylation, and re-expression was activated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment in esophageal cancer cell lines. Restoration of SOX17 expression suppresses TCF/β-catenin-dependent transcription and colony formation. MicroRNA 141 was also found to down-regulate SOX17 expression and activate the WNT signal pathway. SOX17 is frequently methylated in esophageal cancer and in a progression tendency during esophageal carcinogenesis. Loss of SOX17 removes the normal inhibition of WNT signaling and promotes esophageal tumorigenesis.	esophagus
Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant treatment: which one is better for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?	Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, and especially in some areas of China is the fourth most common cause of death and is of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology in >90% of cases. Surgery alone was the mainstay of therapeutic intervention in the past, but high rates of local and systemic failure have prompted investigation into multidisciplinary management. In this review, we discuss the key issues raised by the recent availability of esophageal SCC treatment with the addition of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy to the surgical management of resectable disease and discuss how clinical trials and meta-analysis inform current clinical practice. None of the randomized trials that compared neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy with surgery alone in esophageal SCC has demonstrated an increase in overall survival in those patients treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been accepted recently for esophageal cancer because such a regimen offers great opportunity for margin negative resection, improved loco-regional control and increased survival. The majority of the available evidence currently reveals that only selected locally advanced esophageal SCC are more likely to benefit from the adjuvant therapy. The focus of future trials should be on identification of the optimum regimen and should aim to minimize treatment toxicities and effect on quality of life, as well as attempt to identify and select those patients most likely to benefit from specific treatment options.	esophagus
What is the optimal interval between chemoradiation and esophagectomy?	Locally advanced esophageal cancer requires multimodality therapy-most commonly induction chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy. There is a paucity of literature on the optimal time interval between induction treatment and resection. Patient readiness and healthy tissue, as well as tumor responses to radiation, are factors to consider. Two recent retrospective large-center studies on this topic are reviewed.	esophagus
Hereditary esophageal-vulvar syndrome.	This article describes an esophageal leiomyomatosis in mother and daughter. A 33-year-old woman with cardiovascular symptoms was admitted to the hospital. Her mother at a young age had undergone an esophagectomy because of a leiomyosarcoma. The daughter received a diagnosis of diffuse leiomyomatosis of the esophagus and uterus. Because of its size, transthoracic esophagectomy with gastric reconstruction and a hysterectomy were performed. Histopathologic examination of the specimens confirmed the diagnosis of esophageal and uterine leiomyomatosis. These findings are characterized as the esophageal-vulvar syndrome, which is known to occur sporadically.	esophagus
Long-term outcome of irradiation with or without chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a final report on a prospective trial.	PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term outcome of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated by irradiation with or without concurrent chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A prospective clinical trial was carried out from 1998 to 2000. One hundred and eleven patients were randomly enrolled to receive either late course accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation (LCAF) or LCAF with concurrent chemotherapy (LCAF + CT). For LCAF, 41.4 Gy in 23 fractions was first delivered at five fractions per week, followed by 27 Gy in 18 fractions at two 1.5 Gy fractions a day. Concurrent chemotherapy of cis-platinum and 5-fluorouracil was administered for four cycles. Overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis were observed. Late toxicity was scored by RTOG criteria, and quality of life (QOL) was also evaluated. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 24 months for all patients and 138 months for 17 living patients. Median survival time was 25 months and 32 months in LCAF and LCAF + CT (p = 0.653), respectively. For an entire group of patients, overall survivals were 34%, 27% and 22%; locoregional recurrence rates were 30%, 36% and 41%; and distant metastasis rates were 26%, 28% and 29% at 5-yr, 8-yr and 10-yr, respectively. Incidences of ≥ Grade 3 late toxicity were 29% at 10-yr. There were no statistically significant differences between LCAF and LCAF + CT with respect to the parameters mentioned above. Cumulative incidence of late toxicities of ≥ Grade 3 increased sharply after the attained age of 70 years. Eighty-eight percent of patients lived with good KPS (≥ 90) and 94% could eat regular or soft diet. CONCLUSION: The long-term outcome of esophageal SCC patients who received LCAF or LCAF + CT was good. The locoregional and distant failures occurred more often in the first three years after treatment, but could continuously occur up to 10 years. The late toxicity was acceptable. Late toxicities ≥ Grade 3 were more likely to occur in elderly patients. QOL was good in living patients.	esophagus
Technical aspects and early results of robotic esophagectomy with chest anastomosis.	OBJECTIVES: Minimally invasive esophagectomy with a chest anastomosis has advantages. We present technical lessons learned and early results. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. RESULTS: Over 10 months, 22 patients (19 men) underwent laparoscopic gastric mobilization, with robotic esophagectomy. All had the thoracic portion completed robotically and 21 had the stomach mobilized laproscopically. All had esophageal cancer and 20 received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. All had R0 resection with a median of 18 lymph nodes removed and a blood loss of 40 mL. The first 6 patients underwent a stapled posterior and hand-sewn anterior anastomosis; five of these patients experienced a major morbidity, including 1 anastomotic leak and 1 leak from the gastric staple line. The last 16 patients had a 2-layered completely hand-sewn anastomosis, and there were no anastomotic leaks or major morbidities. There were no 30- or 90-day mortalities. Technical improvements included placing a loop around the esophagus in the abdomen for third arm retraction, advancing the gastric conduit into the chest using nonrobotic instruments, using 10-cm nonabsorbable interrupted sutures for the outer layer, and a running 22-cm long absorbable suture for the inner layer. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic thoracic esophagectomy using ports only is feasible, safe, and affords R0 resection with thorough thoracic lymph node dissection. It also allows the sewing of a 2-layered chest anastomosis with good early results.	esophagus