crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Muscle Strength Is a Predictor of Outcomes After Esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and strength, has been associated with more frequent complications after esophagectomy. This study compared hand-grip strength, muscle mass, and intramuscular adipose tissue as predictors of postoperative outcomes and mortality after esophagectomy. METHODS: Minimally invasive esophagectomy was performed on 175 patients with esophageal cancer. Skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density were derived from preoperative CTs. Hand-grip strength was measured using dynamometer. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS: Preoperative hand-grip strength was normal in 91 (52%), intermediate in 43 (25%), and weak in 41 (23%) patients. Hand-grip strength was significantly correlated with both skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density. Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 8/41 (20%) patients with weak strength compared to 4/91 (4%) with normal strength (p = 0.006; Cochran-Armitage Test). Prolonged postoperative ventilation occurred in 11/41 (27%) patients with weak strength compared to 11/91 (12%) with normal strength (p = 0.036). Median length of stay was 9 days in patients with weak strength compared to 7 days for those with normal strength (p = 0.005; Kruskal-Wallis Test). Discharge to non-home location occurred in 15/41 (37%) with weak strength compared to 8/91 (9%) with normal strength (p < 0.001). Postoperative mortality at 90 days was 4/41 (10%) with weak strength compared with no mortalities (0/91) in the normal strength group (p = 0.004). Mortality at 1 year was 18/39 (46%) in patients with weak strength compared to 6/81 (7%) with normal strength, among 158 patients with 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative hand-grip strength was found to be a powerful predictor of postoperative pneumonia, length of stay, discharge to non-home location, and mortality after esophagectomy.	esophagus
Reduction of perioperative venous thrombus formation by antithrombotic peripherally inserted central catheter in esophageal cancer.	PURPOSE: Although a central venous catheter (CVC) is often needed perioperatively for intraoperative and nutritional management of esophageal cancer (EC), the catheter placement impacts the risk of venous thrombosis. We examined the risks of thrombus formation by catheter type, placement, and duration. METHODS: In total, 226 patients with EC were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were classified into one of three groups: those with a conventional CVC (cCVC), a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), or an antithrombogenic agent-coated PICC (secPICC). The thrombus formation and clinicopathological features were examined. RESULTS: The frequency of all types of thrombosis was significantly lower in the secPICC group (p < 0.01). Although deep vein thrombosis was frequent in the cCVC group, catheter thrombosis was frequent in the PICC group. In a univariate analysis in patients with the PICC and secPICC groups, less thrombus formation was observed in the secPICC (p = 0.01), short placement time (p = 0.02), and right-sided placement (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a multivariate analysis revealed that secPICC (p = 0.049) and right-sided placement (p = 0.04) significantly reduced rates of thrombus formation. CONCLUSION: In patients with EC, secPICC and right-sided placement reduce perioperative venous thrombus formation.	esophagus
Treating Early Delayed Gastric Tube Emptying after Esophagectomy with Pneumatic Pyloric Dilation.	INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic pneumatic pyloric balloon dilation is a treatment option for early postoperative delayed gastric tube emptying following esophageal resection. This study aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic balloon dilation. METHODS: Between 2015 and 2018, patients with delayed gastric emptying 8-10 days after esophageal resection with gastric tube reconstruction due to esophageal carcinoma were considered for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were ≥1 of the following: nasogastric tube production ≥500 mL/24 h, ≥300 mL gastric retention, ≥50% gastric tube dilatation on X-ray, or nasogastric tube replacement. Patients were excluded on evidence of anastomotic leakage or reintervention. Success was defined as the ability to expand intake without needing to replace the nasogastric tube. Dilation was performed using a 30-mm Rigiflex balloon. RESULTS: Fifteen patients underwent pyloric dilation, 12 according to the study protocol. Treatment was performed at a median of 12 days (IQR 9-15) postoperatively. Success was achieved in 58%. At 3 months, 8 patients progressed to exclusively oral intake. The remaining 4 patients had supplementary nightly enteral tube feeding. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic balloon dilation of the pylorus is a safe, feasible therapy for early postoperative delayed gastric emptying. With a success rate of 58%, a clinical trial is a necessary next step.	esophagus
Secondary primary lung cancer after esophageal cancer: a population-based study of 44,172 patients.	BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to assess the survival, incidence, and characteristics of secondary primary lung cancer (SPLC) after esophageal cancer (EC-LC). METHODS: The patients with esophageal cancer (EC) who developed SPLC and patients with first primary lung cancer (LC-1) were retrospectively reviewed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries covering 2000-2016. Overall survival and characteristics were compared between patients with EC-LC and patients with LC-1. The independent relation between a history of EC and death was evaluated by calculating hazard ratios in multivariate Cox regression analysis propensity score-matching analysis, and multiple imputation for cases with missing information. RESULTS: In comparison with the general population, the patients with EC had a higher risk for developing secondary primary lung cancer (SIR =1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-2.05). A history of EC was found to be an independent risk factor of death for lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients in localized stage based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, propensity score-matching analysis and multiple imputation. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significantly increased risk of secondary primary lung cancer in EC survivors and a history of EC adversely affects overall survival in individuals who subsequently develop localized LUSC and LUAD. Clinicians should moderately strengthen lung tissue protection during the management of EC patients.	esophagus
Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles contributes to radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma.	This study aimed to explore the effect of ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMBs) on tumor radiosensitivity in esophageal carcinoma (EC). The human EC cell line KYSE-510 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to radiation alone or in combination with USMBs. CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assays were used to determine cell viability and proliferation. Cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were examined by wound healing and transwell assays. Western blotting showed that the protein levels were associated with apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. An endothelial tube-forming assay was used to detect the angiogenic activity of HUVECs. Xenograft experiments were used to examine the effect of USMBs on EC radiosensitivity in vivo. The expression of Ki-67 in tumors was detected using immunohistochemistry. USMBs enhanced the suppressive effect of radiation on proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, and promoted radiation-induced apoptosis in EC cells in vitro. Angiogenesis in EC was suppressed by radiation and further inhibited by the combination of radiation and USMBs. In vivo experiments revealed that USMBs increased the radiosensitivity of ECs to tumor growth. Collectively, USMBs enhanced the effects of radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma.	esophagus
Construction and Validation of an Immune-Related Gene Prognostic Index for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.	Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy may benefit patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, novel biomarkers are needed to help predict the response of patients to treatment. Differentially expressed immune-related genes within The Cancer Genome Atlas ESCC dataset were selected using the weighted gene coexpression network and lasso Cox regression analyses. Based on these data, an immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) was constructed. The molecular characteristics of the different IRGPI subgroups were assessed using mutation information and gene set enrichment analysis. Differences in immune cell infiltration and the response to ICI therapy and other drugs were also analyzed. Additionally, tumor and adjacent control tissues were collected from six patients with ESCC and the expression of these genes was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IRGPI was designed based on CLDN1, HCAR3, FNBP1L, and BRCA2, the expression of which was confirmed in ESCC samples. The prognosis of patients in the high-IRGPI group was poor, as verified using publicly available expression data. KMT2D mutations were more common in the high-IRGPI group. Enrichment analysis revealed an active immune response, and immune infiltration assessment showed that the high-IRGPI group had an increased infiltration degree of CD8 T cells, which contributed to the improved response to ICI treatment. Collectively, these data demonstrate that IRGPI is a robust biomarker for predicting the prognosis and response to therapy of patients with ESCC.	esophagus
Barrett's Esophagus: Diagnosis, Management, and Key Updates.	Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the precursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) development. Unfortunately, BE screening/surveillance has not provided the anticipated EAC reduction benefit. Noninvasive techniques are increasingly available or undergoing testing to screen for BE among those with/without known risk factors, and the use of artificial intelligence platforms to aid endoscopic screening and surveillance will likely become routine, minimizing missed cases or lesions. Management of high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal EAC is clear with endoscopic eradication therapy preferred to surgery. BE with low-grade dysplasia can be managed with removal of visible lesions combined with endoscopic eradication therapy or endoscopic surveillance at present.	esophagus
Anterior gradient 2 regulates cancer progression in TP53‑wild‑type esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) reportedly promotes tumor growth and has an unfavorable impact on survival in several cancers. However, no comprehensive functional analysis of AGR2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been performed. In the present study, the function and clinical significance of AGR2 were examined using ESCC cell lines and clinical samples. AGR2 was upregulated in EC tissue and ESCC cell lines. The downregulation of AGR2 suppressed cell proliferation and increased the proportion of G2/M‑phase cells and phosphorylation of p53 in TP53‑wild‑type ESCC and osteosarcoma cells. However, these changes were not observed in TP53‑mutant ESCC cells. In addition, immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that high AGR2 and low p53 expression levels in ESCC tissues were correlated with a worse prognosis. These results suggested that although AGR2 enhanced cell proliferation by inhibiting p53 phosphorylation in TP53‑wild‑type ESCC, the same mechanism did not regulate cell functions in TP53‑mutant ESCC. Thus, AGR2 served an important role in ESCC progression and might be a useful prognostic marker in patients with TP53‑wild‑type ESCC.	esophagus
FAT1 and PTPN14 Regulate the Malignant Progression and Chemotherapy Resistance of Esophageal Cancer through the Hippo Signaling Pathway.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor, which brings heavy economic burden to patients and society. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism of recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance of esophageal cancer. METHODS: Human esophageal cancer cell line TE13 (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) and normal human esophageal epithelial cell line het-1a were selected for aseptic culture. At the same time, 6 bottles of TE13 cell line were inoculated in logarithmic phase. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Cell clone formation assay was used to analyze the proliferation. Fibronectin-coated dishes were used to detect the characteristics of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. The Transwell method was used to detect the cell invasion ability. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of Yap1, PTPN14, FAT1, and Myc. RESULTS: Results showed that FAT1 and PTPN14 were downregulated, while Yap1 was upregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. FAT1 inhibited the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of human esophageal cancer cell lines, which might be associated with the upregulation of PTPN14 and the inhibition of Yap1 and Myc. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that PTPN14 and FAT1 could regulate malignant progression and chemotherapy resistance of esophageal cancer based on the Hippo signaling pathway.	esophagus
The path(ology) from reflux oesophagitis to Barrett oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.	This review seeks to summarise the steps in the path from reflux oesophagitis to Barrett oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The epidemiology, clinical presentation, definitions, pathological features, diagnostic pitfalls, and emerging concepts are reviewed for each entity. The histological features of reflux oesophagitis can be variable and are not specific. Cases of reflux oesophagitis with numerous eosinophils are difficult to distinguish from eosinophilic oesophagitis and other oesophagitides with eosinophils (Crohn's disease, medication effect, and connective tissue disorders). In reflux oesophagitis, the findings are often most pronounced in the distal oesophagus, the eosinophils are randomly distributed throughout the epithelium, and eosinophilic abscesses and degranulated eosinophils are rare. For reflux oesophagitis with prominent lymphocytes, clinical history and ancillary clinical studies are paramount to distinguish reflux oesophagitis from other causes of lymphocytic oesophagitis pattern. For Barrett oesophagus, the definition remains a hotly debated topic for which the requirement for intestinal metaplasia to make the diagnosis is not applied unanimously across the globe. Assessing for dysplasia is a challenging aspect of the histological interpretation that guides clinical management. We describe the histological features that we find useful in making this evaluation. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma has been steadily increasing in incidence and has a poor prognosis. The extent of invasion can be overdiagnosed due to a duplicated muscularis mucosae. We also describe the technical factors that can lead to challenges in distinguishing the mucosal and deep margins of endoscopic resections. Lastly, we give an overview of targeted therapies with emerging importance and the ancillary tests that can identify the cases best suited for each therapy.	esophagus
Usefulness of wearable fitness tracking devices in patients undergoing esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer surgery requires maintenance and enhancement of perioperative nutritional status and physical function to prevent postoperative complications. Therefore, awareness of the importance of preoperative patient support is increasing. This study examined the usefulness of using a diary in combination with a wearable fitness tracking device (WFT) in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer. METHODS: Ninety-four patients who underwent esophagectomy between February 2019 and April 2021 were included. Physicians, nurses, dietitians, and physical therapists provided diary-based education for the patients. In addition, a WFT was used by some patients. The perioperative outcomes of patients who used both the diary and WFT (WFT group) and those who used the diary alone (non-WFT group) were compared. In addition, propensity score matching was performed to improve comparability between the two groups. RESULTS: After the propensity score matching, the rate of postoperative pneumonia was significantly lower in the WFT group (0% vs. 22.6%, P = 0.005). The postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the WFT group (P = 0.012). Nutritional status indices, such as the prognostic nutritional index, also improved significantly in the WFT group at 1 month after surgery (P = 0.034). The rate of diary entries was significantly higher in the WFT group (72.3% vs. 28.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of a WFT reduced the incidence of postoperative pneumonia and improved postoperative nutritional status and rates of diary entries after esophagectomy, suggesting that its use may be useful for promoting recovery after esophagectomy.	esophagus
Establishment of high-throughput screening HTRF assay for identification small molecule inhibitors of Skp2-Cks1.	S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2), a member of the F-box family that constitute the largest known class of ubiquitin E3 specificity components, is responsible for recognizing and recruiting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 for its ubiquitination in the presence of the small accessory protein cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1(Cks1). Skp2 is overexpressed in esophageal carcinoma tissues and closely related with tumor poor prognosis, and perturbation of the Skp2-Cks1 interaction by inhibitors or RNAi could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, inhibition of Skp2 function by small-molecule compounds targeting Skp2-Cks1 interaction is emerging as a promising and novel anti-cancer strategy. In this study, we establish an improved high-throughput screening platform to screen Skp2 inhibitors targeting Skp2-Cks1interaction, which may provide a new therapeutic approach for the clinic.	esophagus
Definitive chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal carcinoma - A systematic review and meta-analysis.	INTRODUCTION: There currently exists limited data comparing definitive chemoradiotherapy to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with esophagectomy for patients with esophageal carcinoma. While we await more trials, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies with either propensity score matched or multivariable analyses, to provide a better understanding of the relative efficacy and effectiveness. METHODS: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from database initiation (1946 for MEDLINE, 1974 for EMBASE, and 1995 for Cochrane) up until May 2021. Articles were included if they reported on overall survival or toxicity data. Summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random-effects DerSimonian-Laird model. RESULTS: Eight studies with a total of 16,647 patients were included in this review. Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with esophagectomy had better overall survival - HR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.49-0.62. Toxicity was similar, between the two treatments. CONCLUSION: Patients with esophageal carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy have better survival than patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy. Given the paucity of data and lack of uniform reporting of endpoints, further studies should be conducted.	esophagus
(-)-4-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl) quinic acid enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 against esophageal carcinoma through inhibiting PI3K pathway.	PURPOSE: Using antibodies to block the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway as an immunotherapy has achieved great success in the clinical treatment of various types of carcinoma. However, the efficacy is limited because of tumor-mediated immune immunosuppression and evasion. This study demonstrated that inhibiting the PI3K pathway with (-)-4-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl) quinic acid (QA), a new compound from endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum of Avicennia marina, enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody against esophageal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: mEC25 cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice to establish a syngeneic esophageal tumor model. Tumor infiltration lymphocytes (TILs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene and protein expression was detected by qPCR and western blot, respectively. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of QA combining with anti-PD-L1 antibody were evaluated in the tumor model. RESULTS: These data demonstrated that inhibition of PI3K with QA could overcome immunosuppression and promote the response of T-lymphocytes, resulting in the restoration of cytotoxic T cell-mediated tumor control. QA and anti-PD-L1 combination therapy significantly delayed tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a scientific basis to develop combination therapies involving anti-PD-L1 and PI3K inhibitors to improve responses in patients with esophageal cancer.	esophagus
The potential for reducing alcohol consumption to prevent esophageal cancer morbidity in Asian heavy drinkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer. In Asia, heavy drinkers are considered to have a higher risk of esophageal cancer than nondrinkers and light drinkers. However, no study has shown an association between alcohol reduction and the morbidity of esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers. Therefore, this study investigated the significance of reducing alcohol consumption to prevent esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The MEDLINE (PubMed) and ICHUSHI (Japana Centra Revuo Medicina) databases were searched from January 1995 to December 2020. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. I(2) statistics were used to detect heterogeneity. This study included 21 articles in the qualitative synthesis. Light drinkers and heavy drinkers were categorized based on alcohol consumption amount as ≤ 25 ethanol g/day and ≥ 66 ethanol g/day, respectively, as described in many previous studies, and five cohort studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. The HR of esophageal cancer among heavy drinkers versus nondrinkers was 4.18 (95% CI 2.34-7.47, I(2) = 74%). On the other hand, the HR of esophageal cancer among light drinkers was 1.82 compared with nondrinkers (95% CI 1.57-2.10, I(2) = 0%). Heavy drinkers have a higher esophageal cancer incidence than light drinkers and nondrinker. It is possible that alcohol reduction may decrease the risk of esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers.	esophagus