crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
PTEN polymorphisms and the risk of esophageal carcinoma and gastric cardiac carcinoma in a high incidence region of China.	PTEN, as a tumor suppressor gene, plays an important role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Two common polymorphisms, -9C/G and IVS4 (-/+), may alter susceptibility to the disease. To test the hypothesis that the genetic variations of PTEN play a role in the etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA), a population-based case-control study was conducted in 350 ESCC patients, 257 GCA patients, and 634 healthy controls from a high-incidence region of Hebei province, China. The PTEN polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). The results showed that the family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) significantly increased the risk of developing ESCC and GCA (the age, gender and smoking status adjusted OR = 1.73 and 1.67; 95% CI = 1.29-2.32 and 1.28-2.19, respectively). The overall distribution of the PTEN -9C/G genotype was not significantly different between cancer patients and controls. Compared with the PTEN IVS4-/- genotype, the IVS4+/+ genotype significantly decreased the risk of ESCC and GCA development, the adjusted OR was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.44-0.94) and 0.63 (95% CI = 0.41-0.98), respectively. Stratification analysis by gender, age, smoking status and family history of UGIC showed that the PTEN IVS4-/+ genotype only reduced the risk of ESCC (adjusted OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.34-0.90) among subjects with family history of UGIC. While the IVS4+/+ genotype decreased the susceptibility to both ESCC and GCA (adjusted OR = 0.61 and 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37-0.98 and 0.34-0.98, respectively) among male subjects, the IVS4+/+ genotype only decreased the risk of ESCC development among subjects younger than 55 years (adjusted OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21-0.85). In addition, the haplotype analysis found that the -9C/IVS4- haplotype increased the risk of developing ESCC and GCA (OR = 1.31 and 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08-1.58 and 1.001-1.53). Our results suggested that the PTEN IVS4+/+ homozygote may play a protective role in the development of ESCC and GCA, while the haplotype -9C/IVS4- might be the risk factor of the development of ESCC and GCA in the high incidence region population of Hebei province, China.	esophagus
Cortactin overexpression in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its involvement in the carcinogenesis.	The aim of this study is to examine whether dysregulated expression of cortactin occurs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and is involved in the development of ESCCs. An immunohistochemistry study for cortactin expression was performed on 46 pairs of surgically resected non-tumor and ESCC tumor tissues and murine tumors of esophagi induced by a carcinogen. The results show increased cortactin expression in 20 and in 22 to a lesser extent, out of a total 46 ESCC tumor tissues. Increased cortactin was also detected in the premalignant lesions, the early stage dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, of ESCC tumor tissues. Differential polymerase chain reaction results showed slight increases in the EMS1 gene only in two of 10 ESCC tumor tissues, suggesting that EMS1 gene amplification is not the only mechanism for cortactin overexpression. In the mouse model induced by treatment with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and arecoline, increased cortactin was detected in the epithelia with hyperkeratosis, papillomas, and ESCCs with invasion into the submucosa, respectively. Overall, we observed cortactin overexpression in early and late stages of human ESCCs and carcinogen-induced murine ESCCs, suggesting a role for cortactin in esophageal carcinogenesis.	esophagus
The utility of FDG-PET in the preoperative staging of esophageal cancer.	Accurate staging of esophageal cancer is important when determining which patients will potentially benefit from curative surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incremental effect of 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) when used in addition to standard staging modalities. Patients referred to two surgeons in an Australian metropolitan teaching hospital with esophageal or esophago-gastric junction malignancy between May 2002 and December 2006 were included. Patients who had undergone prereferral treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. Patients undergoing resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumors or high-grade dysplasia within Barrett's esophagus were also excluded. Clinical and non-clinical data were recorded prospectively. Pretreatment staging included routine CT scan and selective endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). FDG-PET was performed in patients judged to have curable disease on CT scanning and EUS. From a total of 130 eligible patients, 76 were judged to have curable disease on the basis of CT and EUS findings. Of these 76 patients, 19 (25%) were excluded from surgery due to additional information obtained from FDG-PET. The addition of FDG-PET to routine preoperative staging resulted in the exclusion from surgery of 19 (25%) patients who prior to the introduction of FDG-PET would have undergone attempted resection. FDG-PET should be performed in all patients under consideration for esophagogastric resection in order to avoid resection in patients with disseminated disease.	esophagus
Prediction of metastatic disease and survival in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction tumors: the incremental value of PET-CT over PET and the clinical role of primary tumor volume measurements.	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the accuracy of M staging (staging of metastatic disease) in esophageal carcinoma based on a visual interpretation and based on tumor volume measurements on positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine untreated patients with gastroesophageal junction tumors were enrolled, including 36 subcardial gastric tumors (type III according to Siewert classification) and 23 adenocarcinomas of the cardia (AEG, type II Siewert). Patients were grouped in metastasis free (M0 stage, n = 34) and metastatic stages (M1 stage, n = 25). Tumor volume and mean and maximum standardized uptake value were measured on PET-CT. The accuracy of these quantitative tumor volume parameters in distinguishing metastasis-free tumors (M0 stage) from metastatic stages (M1 stage) was compared to the accuracy of a visual analysis with fused PET-CT. Furthermore, accuracy of PET-CT was compared to PET reviewed side by side with CT in a lesion-based analysis of 84 distant metastatic sites. RESULTS: In the visual interpretation, PET-CT (accuracy 88%, 74/84) was more accurate than PET (accuracy 78%, 66/84; P = .008) in characterizing the 84 potential metastatic sites in the 59 patients. Among the tumor parameters, the PET-CT tumor volume was the most accurate predictor of M1 stage and overall survival. With a threshold of 39 mL, PET-CT volume was able to predict M1 stage disease with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 85%. The accuracy of M-staging was increased further when combining tumor volume measurements with the results from the visual analysis (combined results: sensitivity 96%, specificity 94%). CONCLUSIONS: PET-CT was more accurate than PET (reviewed side by side with CT) in characterizing distant metastatic sites of gastroesophageal junction carcinomas. The highest accuracy for M-staging was obtained when combining the results of the visual analysis with the results from primary tumor volume measurements. Primary tumor volume was shown to be an independent prognostic factor.	esophagus
Expression of Akt and Mdm2 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	The Akt-Mdm2 pathway plays an important role in carcinogenesis in a variety of malignant tumors. However, the Akt-Mdm2 pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been fully studied. We investigated the proteins and mRNA expression of Akt and Mdm2 to elucidate the roles of these proteins in ESCC. We also examined the effect of Akt knockdown on Mdm2 expression in ESCC cells. ESCC tissue samples were obtained from 23 individuals who underwent surgical resection with no preoperative treatment. Akt1-3 and Mdm2 gene and protein expression were analyzed. The effect of siRNA-mediated Akt knockdown on Mdm2 expression was also studied, using ESCC cell lines. Akt1 and Mdm2 immunoreactivity was detected in 77.8 and 66.7% of tumor specimen from ESCC patients, respectively. Akt1 and Mdm2 mRNA expressions were correlated and significantly elevated in tumor tissue (p<0.0001 and p<0.05, respectively). The siRNA-targeted reduction of each Akt isoform reduced Mdm2 protein expression. The overexpression of Akt1 and Mdm2 may be related to esophageal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, Akt expression regulates Mdm2 expression, which may in turn regulate the function of wild-type p53. These results may provide the basis for future preventative or clinical therapies for esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Causal relationships between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and nephrotic syndrome.	We present a case of membranous nephropathy (MN) associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with a high serum level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC). ESCC reached complete response (CR) for radiotherapy, with a partial remission of the proteinuria and decreased serum SCC levels. Six months after radiotherapy, the ESCC recurred, and the patient was treated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), achieving a pathologic CR and disappearance of proteinuria and normalized serum SCC levels. The correlation of proteinuria and the serum level of SCC indicates that SCC could be a pathogenic antigen, responsible for the pathogenesis of MN in this patient.	esophagus
Prognostic influence of immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastasis and histological subtype in pN0 oesophageal cancer.	INTRODUCTION: Differences in frequency and clinical impact of lymph node micrometastasis between histological subtypes of oesophageal cancer have not been determined. METHODS: 1204 lymph nodes from 32 squamous cell carcinomas and 54 adenocarcinomas with complete resection and pN0 status were re-evaluated using a serial sectioning protocol including immunohistochemistry. Intra-nodal tumour cells were classified as micrometastases (0.2-2 mm) or isolated tumour cells (<0.2 mm). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the frequency of micrometastases between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (11.3% vs. 3.1%, p=n.s.). In the squamous cell carcinoma group, Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significantly prolonged 5-year survival (p=0.02) and disease free interval (p<0.01) for immunohistochemically node negative versus node positive patients. In patients with adenocarcinoma, no such difference (p=n.s. and p=n.s., respectively) was seen. In patients who did not undergo pre-treatment, those with adenocarcinoma had a significant 5-year survival (65% vs. 53%; p=0.03) and disease free interval (83% vs. 58%; p<0.05) advantage over those with squamous cell carcinoma. After pre-treatment, no difference between the histological subtypes was detected. Regression analysis did not reveal any factors that significantly affected overall survival in node negative patients. However, four factors did significantly influence disease free interval: pre-treatment (HR 3.3 [95% CI 1.2-9.1], p=0.02); micrometastasis (HR 5.3 [95% CI 1.4-19.7], p=0.01); UICC stage II vs. 0/I (HR 2.2 [95% CI 1.1-4.4], p=0.03); and adenocarcinoma (HR 0.3 [95% CI 0.1-0.9], p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The difference in frequency and clinical impact of immunohistochemically detected micrometastasis may indicate that adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma should not be treated as one entity.	esophagus
Prognostic significance of endoscopic ultrasound-defined pleural, pericardial or peritoneal fluid in oesophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is known to detect smaller effusion volumes than computerised tomography (CT), yet the outcomes for patients diagnosed with oesophageal carcinoma and EUS-defined pleural, pericardial or ascitic fluid effusions (EDFE) are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of multidisciplinary stage directed treatment for such patients. METHODS: Forty-nine (9.2%) out of a consecutive 527 patients diagnosed with oesophageal cancer from a single regional upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancer network were found to have evidence of EDFE undetected by CT. Thirty-nine (79.6%) patients had pleural effusions, eight (16.3%) pericardial effusions, and two (4.1%) ascites. RESULTS: Twelve (24.4%) underwent surgery, 3 (6.1%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy without subsequent surgery, 12 (24.5%) received definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT), and 22 (44.9%) received palliative treatment. Survival in patients with EDFE was significantly shorter (median and 2-year survival 15.6 months and 24%, respectively) when compared with patients without EDFE (26.7 months and 40%, respectively, p = 0.001), and was unrelated to EDFE type (p = 0.192). Two-year survival after oesophagectomy with or without neoadjuvant therapy was 45% in patients with EDFE compared with 42% in patients without EDFE (p = 0.668). CONCLUSIONS: EDFE was an important adverse prognostic indicator, but patients deemed to have operable tumours should still be treated with radical intent.	esophagus
Antibody library-based tumor endothelial cells surface proteomic functional screen reveals migration-stimulating factor as an anti-angiogenic target.	Angiogenesis is critical for cancer development and metastasis. Here we have employed a functional antibody library-based proteomic screen to identify proteins that participate in and might be used as therapeutic targets for tumor-related angiogenesis. Mice were immunized with human esophageal cancer endothelial cells (HECEC). The antibody library was established with the mouse spleen cells the serum of which had most anti-angiogenic effect. Monoclonal antibodies were subjected to an immunoreactive and functional screen and monoclonal antibodies that reacted strongly with cell surface antigens of HECECs and influenced their behavior were selected. Antigens that recognized by the antibodies were obtained by immunoprecipitation and then identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Migration-stimulating factor (MSF), the antigen of 1D2 antibody was identified using this approach. Further studies demonstrated that the 1D2 antibody suppressed MSF-effected migration and adhesion of HECECs on fibronectin matrix. Biodistribution assay showed that MSF targeting antibody 1D2 could specifically home to the xenograft with humanized blood vessel. Targeting treatment with 1D2 antibody significantly suppressed tumor growth through inhibition of human tumor-related angiogenesis. These results indicate that the functional antibody library-based proteomic screen can successfully identify proteins that involved in tumor-related angiogenesis and MSF may be a target for the anti-angiogenic treatment of the esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Expression of syndecan-1 and cathepsins D and K in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	The key features of malignant neoplasms are their local invasiveness and metastatic potential. Syndecan-1 - integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan and cathepsins D and K - lysosomal proteases are important factors influencing different aspects of these processes. The study was undertaken to determine their expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and analyze relationship to selected clinicopathological features as well as to survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 39 advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were used for immunohistochemical staining. The epithelial and stromal staining were evaluated separately and compared to conventional clinicopathological features and one-year survival. Positive epithelial immunostaining for syndecan-1, cathepsin D and K were observed in 82.05%, 56.41% and 30.77% of tumors, respectively. However, stromal staining was noted in 51.28%, 51.28% and 46.15% ones, respectively. Epithelial syndecan-1-positive cases were significantly more frequent in well- and moderately differentiated carcinomas. Stromal cathepsin D expression predominated in tumors with infiltrative growth pattern. However, there were no statistically significant differences between any marker-positive and -negative groups with respect to other clinicopathological features studied. The only factors significantly influencing one-year survival were epithelial cathepsin D staining and distant metastasis. In a group of patients who survived one year post surgery, the percentage of cases with negative epithelial cathepsin D staining and without features of distant metastasis were higher. The results may suggest a relationship between syndecan-1 and cathepsins D and K with growth and invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but such thesis requires further study on a larger and more heterogeneous population.	esophagus
[Preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer].	Preoperative or definitive chemoradiotherapy defines today the standard treatment of patients with localized or locally advanced esophageal cancer. Preliminary results of our study are presented. 46 patients with locally advanced squamous cell esophageal cancer (T3-4, N0-1, M0) were enrolled. All patients recieved concomitant chemotherapy (Cisplatin/5FU/LV) and radiotherapy (45-50, 4Gy). Clinical response rate was 59% (3 patients (7%) complete response, 24 patients (52%) partial regression, 13 (28%) stabile disease, 6 patients (13%) disease progression). Out of 46 patients, 12 were operated (26%), all with R0 resection. Complete patohistolgical regression (TRG 1) was noted in 5 patients (42%). TRG 2 i TRG 3 in one (8%) and 3 patients (25%), and TRG 4 in 3 patients (25%). Mean survival time in operated group of patients was 9.3 months, and in nonoperated group 5.5 months. Studies show improved survival rate in patients with complete response to chemoradiotherapy and R0 resection. Individualy tailored therapy is essential.	esophagus
Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic transhiatal inversion esophagectomy compare favorably with those of combined thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy.	AIMS: Wide acceptance of laparoscopic esophagectomy has been hampered by the technical difficulty of the procedure and inconsistent improvements in morbidity and mortality. Most case series have utilized a combined thoracoscopic-laparoscopic approach (TLE), but laparoscopic inversion esophagectomy (LIE), a method of transhiatal esophagectomy, has been proposed as an alternative. Inversion esophagectomy simplifies retraction and improves exposure during the mediastinal dissection; however, no previous studies have directly compared LIE outcomes with those of the combined approach. METHODS: Between July 2003 and March 2008, 70 consecutive patients underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy by LIE (N = 40) or TLE (N = 30). Data for all patients were collected prospectively and stored in a relational database. Recorded outcome measures included operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, and perioperative complications. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class between the groups, but LIE patients had lower stage of esophageal cancer, and were less likely to have received induction chemoradiotherapy than TLE patients. Patients undergoing LIE had significantly lower operative time (398 vs. 537 min, p < 0.001), intraoperative blood loss (100 vs. 200 ml, p < 0.001), and overall length of stay (9 vs. 14 days, p = 0.003) compared with TLE patients. LIE yielded a median of 10 lymph nodes removed compared with 13 for TLE (p = 0.016). Atrial arrhythmia and postoperative pneumonia were less common in LIE patients than in TLE patients, occurring in 17.5% vs. 27.1% (p = 0.036), and in 7.5% vs. 15.7% of cases (p = 0.029), respectively. CONCLUSION: LIE provides safe and effective approach to minimally invasive esophagectomy for patients with early esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia. Compared with TLE, inversion esophagectomy requires less operative time and has lower operative blood loss and length of hospital stay. LIE may also result in fewer perioperative cardiac and pulmonary complications compared with TLE. Based on these results, we reserve TLE for more advanced esophageal cancer and those undergoing preoperative radiochemotherapy.	esophagus
Granular cell tumor of the esophagus: three case reports and review of the literature.	The esophagus is the most common site of origin of gastrointestinal tract granular cell tumors. Approximately 270 cases of esophageal granular cell tumors have been reported in the literature. Most esophageal granular cell tumors are found incidentally during endoscopy. Although granular cell tumor of the esophagus has become easily recognizable by its endoscopic features, it has to be differentiated from other benign and malignant mucosal and submucosal lesions. The majority of esophageal granular cell tumors are asymptomatic and benign; thus, close follow-up of the patients with endoscopy could be considered sufficient as a therapeutic management. New therapeutic options should be considered especially for larger lesions. Three cases of granular cell tumors with complaints of epigastric discomfort, regurgitation, nausea, and vomiting, which were detected in the lower part of the esophagus on upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy, are discussed with the most recent literature review on this subject.	esophagus
Giant leiomyoma of the esophagus: a case report and review of the literature.	Although leiomyoma is the most common esophageal mesenchymal neoplasm, it is a rare condition. Resection of the tumor is recommended in symptomatic patients, and observation is recommended in asymptomatic patients with small lesions. We discuss herein a patient admitted to our outpatient clinic for dyspepsia in whom a giant annular esophageal leiomyoma was diagnosed. Resection through thoracoabdominal approach is recommended instead of adjuvant treatment in similar sized tumors.	esophagus