crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency ablation of Barrett's esophagus.	INTRODUCTION: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is known to be due to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and is a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. DISCUSSION: The ability to eliminate BE is appealing, given the neoplastic potential of this condition and the continued increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma involving the esophagus and esophagogastric junction, a highly lethal disease. While a number of endoscopic technologies targeting metaplastic or neoplastic esophageal mucosa have been introduced into the clinical marketplace, most have not been widely adopted. Radiofrequency ablation recently was developed and holds appeal as a reliable, minimally invasive, inexpensive, and well-tolerated technique to destroy pathologic esophageal epithelium. CONCLUSION: The available data show its efficacy and safety in the short-term, though more mature follow-up is needed to demonstrate its durability in the long-term and its cost-effectiveness in ultimately saving lives.	esophagus
Anti-ERBB2 sh-RNA suppress both cell growth and tumor growth in ERBB2-overexpressing upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.	INTRODUCTION: ERBB2 is overexpressed in 15-25% of upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. We use a stable lentiviral shRNA model to demonstrate that ERBB2 suppression in upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas with documented ERBB2 amplification effectively decreases ERBB2 protein levels and decreases cell viability. Further, we evaluate tumor growth of cells treated with the ERBB2 shRNA. METHODS: Three upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma cells lines with varying ERBB2 levels were treated with one of three separate lentiviral green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled ERBB2 shRNA vectors or a nonsilencing control shRNA vector for 6 h. Protein levels on day 6 and cell viability was evaluated on days 3-10. A xenograft in vivo experiment was performed using OE19 cells pretransduced with ERBB2 shRNA to evaluate tumor growth. RESULTS: ERBB2 protein levels decreased by 80%. ERBB2 knockdown significantly decreased cell viability in cell lines with high ERBB2 levels. In vivo tumor growth was suppressed in ERBB2-shRNA-treated groups. CONCLUSION: ERBB2 suppression based on a stable lentiviral shRNA transfection system effectively decreases cell viability in cell lines with amplification of ERBB2 as compared to cell lines without overexpression. ERBB2 knockdown significantly decreases tumor growth in vivo. ERBB2-directed therapy may be of benefit in the subset of patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas exhibiting overamplification of ERBB2.	esophagus
Adjusting to life after esophagectomy: the experience of survivors and carers.	Following surgery for esophageal cancer, patients can experience complex physical, social, and emotional changes. Investigation of these challenges, particularly from the perspective of the patient and his or her carer, has been limited. The current study explored the emotional and cognitive experiences of esophageal cancer survivors and those of their carers, using focus groups conducted with members of a patient support group. Analysis of the patients' data yielded three themes: coping with a death sentence, adjusting to and accepting an altered self, and the unique benefits of peer support. Analysis of the carers' data also yielded three themes: the carer as buffer, representations of recovery and recurrence, and normalizing experiences through peer support. Esophageal cancer patients and their carers require holistic support in their efforts to adjust to the social, emotional, and physical consequences of esophagectomy. Peers could be an effective channel for the support of patients and carers.	esophagus
[Dendritic cell-tumor cell fusion vaccine prevents growth of subcutaneous transplanted esophageal carcinomas].	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies have shown that dendritic cell (DC)-tumor cell fusion vaccine can induce specific antitumor response against esophageal carcinoma cells. This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of intratumor injection of the antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by DC-tumor cell fusion vaccine against subcutaneously transplanted esophageal carcinoma cells in nude mice, and to analyze the influence of DC/tumor cell fusion vaccine on proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells. METHODS: Fusion cell vaccine of mature DCs with EC109 cells were generated by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) protocol and the antigen-specific CTLs were induced. The models of transplanted human esophageal carcinoma in nude mouse were established using EC-109 cell line. Thirty-three nude mice with subcutaneous tumors were randomly divided into three groups. Subcutaneous tumors of group A (n=11), group B (n=11) and group C (n=11) were intratumorally injected with the CTLs induced by DC/tumor fusion vaccine, T lymphocytes and RPMI 1,640 medium respectively once a week. After four weeks of intratumor injection, the nude mice were killed and the nodules were anatomized. The mean volume and weight of tumors of each group were measured, and the tumor inhibitory rates of the Group A and the Group B were calculated and compared. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry (S-P method). The mean PCNA-label index (LI) of three groups was compared. The cell cycle and cell apoptosis of the xenograft tumor cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mean S-phase fraction (SPF) and the mean rate of cell apoptosis of three groups was compared respectively. RESULTS: Both the mean volume and the mean weight of xenograft tumors in group A (881.45+/-31.14 mm3 and 0.88+/-0.04 g) were significantly smaller than those of group B (1493.37+/-51.67 mm3 and 1.38+/-0.07 g) and group C (2065.77+/-87.55 mm3 and 2.04+/-0.11 g). The tumor inhibitory rates of Group A was significantly higher than that of group B (56.86% vs. 32.35%, F=1218.08, P=0.001). The mean PCNA-LI of xenograft tumors was less in the group A (26.83+/-0.95)% than in the group B (51.82+/-1.51)% and group C (68.93+/-2.40)% (F=1528.39, P=0.000). The mean SPF of xenograft tumors was less in the group A (12.46+/-0.36)% than in the group B (29.39+/-0.96)% and the group C (42.25+/-1.43)% (P<0.05). The mean apoptotic rate of xenograft tumors was less in the group A (38.03+/-1.21)% than in the group B (17.75+/-0.56)% and the group C (6.59+/-0.22)% (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The model of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice using human esophageal carcinoma cell line EC-109 has been successfully established. CTLs induced by DC/tumor fusion vaccine has specific antitumor immunity efficacy in vivo. CTLs can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis of tumor cells in local tumors.	esophagus
MicroRNA expression in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: associations with survival.	PURPOSE: The dismal outcome of esophageal cancer patients highlights the need for novel prognostic biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNA). Although recent studies have established the role of miRNAs in esophageal carcinoma, a comprehensive multicenter study investigating different histologic types, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma with or without Barrett's, is still lacking. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: miRNA expression was measured in cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissue pairs collected from 100 adenocarcinoma and 70 SCC patients enrolled at four clinical centers from the United States, Canada, and Japan. Microarray-based expression was measured in a subset of samples in two cohorts and was validated in all available samples. RESULTS: In adenocarcinoma patients, miR-21, miR-223, miR-192, and miR-194 expression was elevated, whereas miR-203 expression was reduced in cancerous compared with noncancerous tissue. In SCC patients, we found elevated miR-21 and reduced miR-375 expression levels in cancerous compared with noncancerous tissue. When comparing cancerous tissue expression between adenocarcinoma and SCC patients, miR-194 and miR-375 were elevated in adenocarcinoma patients. Significantly, elevated miR-21 expression in noncancerous tissue of SCC patients and reduced levels of miR-375 in cancerous tissue of adenocarcinoma patients with Barrett's were strongly associated with worse prognosis. Associations with prognosis were independent of tumor stage or nodal status, cohort type, and chemoradiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our multicenter-based results highlight miRNAs involved in major histologic types of esophageal carcinoma and uncover significant associations with prognosis. Elucidating miRNAs relevant to esophageal carcinogenesis is potentially clinically useful for developing prognostic biomarkers and identifying novel drug targets and therapies.	esophagus
A pilot study of fully covered self-expandable metal stents prior to neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.	Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have been mostly reserved for palliation of dysphagia because of advanced esophageal cancer. Fully covered SEMS (FCSEMS) (ALIMAXX-E, Alveolus Inc, Charlotte, NC, USA) offer the choice of removability if complications occur or maximum therapeutic benefit is achieved. To our knowledge, their use has not been studied in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. The objectives of this study were the following: (i) to evaluate whether FCSEMS are useful in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy; and (ii) to assess ease of removability and tissue reaction to FCSEMS. FCSEMS (ALIMAXX-E, Alveolus Inc) were deployed in consecutive patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer over a period of 14 months. All patients were referred for neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy after stenting. Dysphagia scores were assessed at 0 month, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Barium swallow and endoscopy were performed for new symptoms and follow-up. Eleven patients were treated with FCSEMS prior to neoadjuvant therapy (mean age 60.5 years, 55% white, 91% male). All but one stent were successfully placed. Strictures were located in the upper esophagus (n= 1), middle esophagus (n= 4), lower esophagus (n= 2), and gastroesophageal junction (n= 4). Dysphagia was significantly improved at 1 month (mean difference 3.12; 2.53-3.79 95% confidence interval [CI]), 3 months (mean difference 2.86, 2.19-3.53 95% CI), and 6 months (mean difference 2.56, 1.79-3.34 95% CI) compared with baseline. Three patients (27%) experienced chest pain or heartburn immediately following deployment. Only two patients ultimately underwent surgical resection. The others were diagnosed with metastatic disease prior to surgery, had disease progression in spite of neoadjuvant treatment, or died with the stent in place. Three patients developed delayed complications: recurrent dysphagia (n= 2) and tracheal-esophageal fistula (n= 1). Eight (73%) stents were subsequently removed, one because of complication (tracheal-esophageal fistula), one because of migration (recurrent dysphagia), one was incorrectly deployed, and five were felt to have satisfied their purpose. Stents remained in place for a mean duration of 100.36 days (range 0-105, median 84). Removal was characterized as very easy in all cases. Upon removal, ulcerations at the proximal or distal edge of stents were noted in six patients (75%), polyps in four (50%), and granulation in six (75%). One stent (13%) became embedded but was easily lifted from tissue. There were no perforations. Neoadjuvant treatment may have contributed to improvement in dysphagia scores. FCSEMS can be used to re-establish esophageal luminal patency in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer, resulting in significant improvement in dysphagia over baseline. Tissue reaction to stents occurs but does not appear to impair removability.	esophagus
Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of RAD001 (everolimus) administered daily to Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.	OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of RAD001 (everolimus) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS: An open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalation Phase I study of RAD001 administered continuously once daily in a 28-day cycle was performed. The study had a '3 + 3' design, with three patients recruited to each of three successive cohorts treated with RAD001 at 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/day. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics of RAD001 in Japanese patients were similar to those previously determined in Caucasians. The drug safety profile was consistent with that of a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. One patient with esophageal cancer and one with gastric cancer treated with RAD001 at 10 mg/day showed marked tumor responses. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of Japanese cancer patients with RAD001 may be undertaken with the expectation that previously determined pharmacokinetic and safety profiles apply. The drug may hold promise for treatment of esophageal and gastric cancer.	esophagus
Autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and primary hypothyroidism complicated by oesophageal carcinoma.	We describe three generations of a white family with autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC) and primary hypothyroidism, which was complicated by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oesophagus in the index case. We report this family to increase awareness of this rare autosomal dominant variant of CMCC endocrinopathy syndrome associated with primary hypothyroidism without evidence of autoimmune endocrinopathy, and to highlight the risk of developing oesophageal SCC at a young age as a fatal complication of CMCC.	esophagus
Palliative treatment of malignant esophagopulmonary fistulas with covered expandable metallic stents.	OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of covered expandable metallic stents for palliative treatment of malignant esophagopulmonary fistulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 1990 and January 2008, 14 patients with fistulas between the esophagus and pulmonary parenchyma were treated with covered expandable metallic esophageal stents. The fistulas were caused by esophageal (n = 9) or bronchogenic (n = 5) carcinomas. At the time of stent placement, all patients had aspiration pneumonia and 11 had lung abscesses (79%). Technical and clinical success, fistula reopening, complications, and survival rates were evaluated. RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in all cases, and there were no immediate procedural complications. Complete fistula sealing resulting in resolution of aspiration symptoms (i.e., clinical success) occurred in 12 patients (86%). During follow-up (mean survival, 100.9 +/- 79.9 days; median survival, 65.5 days; range, 16-275 days), the fistula reopened in two of 12 clinical success patients. One patient (7%) experienced complications resulting from dyspnea due to tracheal compression by the esophageal stent. Although 13 patients died of aspiration pneumonia and the remaining patient died of cancer bleeding, none of the mortalities was related to the stent placement procedure. CONCLUSION: The use of covered expandable metallic stents appears to be safe and feasible for the palliative treatment of malignant esophagopulmonary fistulas.	esophagus
Long-term clinical outcomes of self-expanding metal stents for treatment of malignant gastroesophageal junction obstructions and prognostic factors for stent patency: effects of anticancer treatments.	BACKGROUND: Self-expanding metal stent has emerged as an effective treatment option for malignant gastroesophageal junction obstruction. However, data on the clinicopathologic factors associated with stent patency are still lacking. AIM: To investigate the long-term clinical outcomes and prognostic factors, including treatment modalities, affecting stent patency in patients with malignant gastroesophageal junction obstruction given self-expanding metal stent insertions. METHODS: A total 89 patients who underwent self-expanding metal stent insertion for malignant gastroesophageal junction obstruction were enrolled. We analysed technical and clinical success rates, complications, and prognostic factors affecting stent patency. RESULTS: Self-expanding metal stent insertion was successful in all patients and clinical improvement was achieved in 93.3%. Stent malfunction occurred in 32.9% of patients. The median overall survival time and stent patency time were 143 (95% CI: 99-187) and 190 days (95% CI: 108-272), respectively. In multivariate analysis, radiation therapy after stent placement significantly prolonged stent patency (OR: 0.221; 95% CI: 0.055-0.884; p=0.033). A higher migration rate was observed in those patients given chemotherapy after covered self-expanding metal stent placement (no anticancer treatment: 10.0%, chemotherapy: 42.9%, chemoradiation therapy: 9.1%, p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Self-expanding metal stent is a feasible and effective treatment for malignant gastroesophageal junction obstruction. Radiation therapy after stent placement significantly prolongs overall stent patency and chemotherapy increases the migration rate of covered stents.	esophagus
[Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcome of esophageal cancer. Results from a series of 200 patients].	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The esophageal cancer (EC) is a slightly frequent but serious disease. Our aim is to describe the characteristics of the patients with EC in our Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We included 200 patients consecutively diagnosed and/or treated for CE between between January, 2003 and December, 2007. The location of the tumor was analyzed, the histological type, the proofs realized for to establish the classification, the treatments, the survival and the morbi-mortality of the surgery. RESULTS: The endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) modified the therapeutic strategy in 12% of the patients. The survival to the year, 3 years and 5 years was 48%, 25% and 21%, respectively. 74 (32%) patients were operated, 48 (65%) of them was treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The postsurgical mortality was 8% (6 patients) and the morbidity was 57% (114 patients). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for traditional risk factors, were the location in the average third ( [HR, hazard ratio]=2.3; confidence interval [IC] of 95%, 1.3-4.1) and not accomplishment of surgery after the chemotherapy and radiotherapy (HR=1.9; IC to 95%, 1.15-3). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis is realized very later. The EUS has contributed a better therapeutic strategy to our patients. The mortality continues being high.	esophagus
Consequences of additional use of PET information for target volume delineation and radiotherapy dose distribution for esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To determine the consequences of target volume (TV) modifications, based on the additional use of PET information, on radiation planning, assuming PET/CT-imaging represents the true extent of the tumour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 21 patients with esophageal cancer, two separate TV's were retrospectively defined based on CT (CT-TV) and co-registered PET/CT images (PET/CT-TV). Two 3D-CRT plans (prescribed dose 50.4 Gy) were constructed to cover the corresponding TV's. Subsequently, these plans were compared for target coverage, normal tissue dose-volume histograms and the corresponding normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) values. RESULTS: The addition of PET led to the modification of CT-TV with at least 10% in 12 of 21 patients (57%) (reduction in 9, enlargement in 3). PET/CT-TV was inadequately covered by the CT-based treatment plan in 8 patients (36%). Treatment plan modifications resulted in significant changes (p<0.05) in dose distributions to heart and lungs. Corresponding changes in NTCP values ranged from -3% to +2% for radiation pneumonitis and from -0.2% to +1.2% for cardiac mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that TV's based on CT might exclude PET-avid disease. Consequences are under dosing and thereby possibly ineffective treatment. Moreover, the addition of PET in radiation planning might result in clinical important changes in NTCP.	esophagus
[Cancer and esophagobronchial fistula: a case report].	Palliative esophageal bypass surgery for patients with esophageal cancer and esophagobronchial fistula aims restoring the ability of swallowing as well as preventing pulmonary aspiration. Perioperatively, there are several problems in respiratory management for such patients. Repeated episodes of pulmonary aspiration exaggerate bronchopneumonia. Positive pressure ventilation may cause air leakage via fistula resulting in inadequate ventilation, distension of the stomach and regurgitation of gastric contents; thus, maintaining of spontaneous ventilation is a crucial concern. Here we report an anesthetic management of a 51-year-old woman with esophageal cancer and esophagobronchial fistula undergoing esophageal bypass surgery. We could not apply neuraxial block due to hypocoagulability. We performed awake tracheal intubation, and general anesthesia was maintained using sevoflurane supplemented by morphine, fentanyl and ketamine under spontaneous ventilation until the resection of gastroesophageal junction and the installation of a drainage catheter into the esophagus. Muscle relaxation required for surgery was sufficiently obtained by sevoflurane anesthesia without administration of muscle relaxants. After the installation of the drainage catheter, the lungs were ventilated mechanically until the end of surgery. The surgery was uneventful. The patient emerged from general anesthesia smoothly, and was extubated. The postoperative course of this patient was also uneventful.	esophagus
[Study on purification and property of polysaccharide from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans].	OBJECTIVE: To obtain polysaccharide from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans and study its partial properties. METHODS: A raw polysaccharide was isolated from Chinese medicine Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, and three groups were isolated by DEAE-52. The thin layer chromatography and gel filtration chromatography were used to detect the main monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of the group I. The inhibitory effect of the group I on tumor cells was detected by MTT assay. RESULTS: The molecular weight of the group I was 33.1 kD. The inhibitory effect of the group I on Hela cells was obvious, as its inhibitive rate was 60.8% on Hela cells when the polysaccharide's concentration was 3.13 microg/mL, but it had no effect on the Eca 109 cells. CONCLUSION: The group I has specific effects on different tumor cells.	esophagus
Impact of lymph node involvement in T2 or T3 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Treatment strategy for T2/ T3 esophageal carcinoma has become controversial because of recent improvements in chemoradiation therapy. Only a few study analyzed the prognostic impact of clinicopathological factors for surgical outcome of patients with esophageal carcinoma focused on T2/T3 tumors. METHODOLOGY: Subjects of this study were 187 patients with pathological T2 (n = 46) or pathological T3 (n = 141) thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received surgical treatment without neoadjuvant therapy. The impact of clinicopathological factors on survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival rate of all patients was 38%. Dismal 5-year overall survival rates were observed in patients with 5 or more positive nodes (11%). Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node metastases (hazard ratio; 2.07, 95%IC, 1.20-3.56, p < 0.01) and the number of metastatic nodes (hazard ratio; 1.77, 95%IC, 1.11-2.82, p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for poor survival. However, tumor depth itself was not an independent risk factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS: Although survival of patients with pathological T2 or T3 was partly dependent on tumor depth, it was mainly dependent on lymph node status. Multiple positive nodes were independent risk factors for poor survival.	esophagus