crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
New Strategies in Esophageal Carcinoma: Translational Insights from Signaling Pathways and Immune Checkpoints.	Esophageal cancer remains a highly lethal malignancy in which relatively modest therapeutic advances have been made over the past several decades. Cytotoxic therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for both advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with incremental benefit conferred by antibodies targeting HER2 and VEGFR in selected patients. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance in this disease almost invariably occurs and remains a major challenge. Moreover, although large-scale exome and whole-genome sequencing efforts have identified a variety of somatic mutations and copy number variations, particularly amplifications, in esophageal cancer, the ability to translate these findings successfully into actionable therapeutic approaches has been elusive. More recently, immunotherapeutic strategies, most notably immune checkpoint inhibitors, have demonstrated benefit to a subset of patients with both esophageal adenocarcinoma and SCC and represent an area of active clinical investigation. In this article, we discuss some of the insights derived from past trials of esophageal cancer, highlight ongoing research efforts in this arena, and emphasize the need to refine our approach to treating patients based on distinct anatomic, histologic, and molecular features. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4283-90. ©2016 AACR.	esophagus
Incidence and risk factors of synchronous colorectal cancer in patients with esophageal cancer: an analysis of 480 consecutive colonoscopies before surgery.	BACKGROUND: The precise incidence rates of multiple primary colorectal cancers in esophageal cancer patients are unknown. METHODS: In total, 480 consecutive patients with esophageal cancers surgically resected in the Kumamoto University Hospital received preoperative total colonoscopy for the assessment of colorectal disease between April 2005 and February 2016. We retrospectively investigated the occurrence of synchronous colorectal cancer with esophageal cancer. In addition, we examined the risk factors for the incidence of multiple primary colorectal cancers. RESULTS: Of the 480 patients, 14 (2.9 %) had synchronous colorectal cancers, 13 had well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas, and 1 had papillary adenocarcinoma. Other 14 patients had metachronous colorectal cancer. The current incidence rates of synchronous and total (both synchronous and metachronous) colorectal cancers outnumbered those in normal healthy population and those in esophageal cancer patients which previously reported by The Japan Esophageal Society. The age ≥70 years (hazard ratio 4.82, 95 % confidence interval 1.473-15.78; p = 0.009) and Brinkman index ≥800 (hazard ratio 3.47, 95 % confidence interval 1.056-11.37; p = 0.040) were the independent risk factors for the incidence of synchronous colorectal cancer. They were also the independent risk factors for the incidence of total colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggested that pretreatment screening with total colonoscopy is meaningful for patients with esophageal cancer, because the frequency of synchronous colorectal cancer was not negligible. Particularly, in patients >70 years and with history of heavy smoking, pretreatment colonoscopy might be necessary.	esophagus
Dietary Patterns and Risk of Esophageal Cancer Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.	Several case-control studies have associated dietary patterns with esophageal cancer (EC) risk, but prospective studies are scarce. We investigated dietary pattern and EC mortality risk associations by smoking status. Participants were 26,562 40- to 79-yr-old Japanese men, who enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study between 1988 and 1990. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EC mortality in nonsmokers and smokers were estimated using Cox proportional models. During follow-up (1988-2009), 132 participants died of EC. Using a baseline food frequency questionnaire and factor analysis, vegetable, animal, and dairy product food patterns were identified. EC risk decreased significantly with a higher factor score for the dairy product pattern (Ptrend = 0.042) and was more pronounced in smokers [multivariable HR (4th vs. 1st quartiles) = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.09; Ptrend = 0.021]. Neither vegetable nor animal food patterns were significant overall; however, EC risk increased with a higher factor score for the animal food pattern in nonsmokers [multivariable HR (4th vs. 1st quartiles) = 6.01, 95% CI: 1.17, 30.88; Ptrend = 0.021], although the small number of events was a limitation. Our findings suggest a dairy product pattern may reduce EC risk in Japanese men, especially smokers.	esophagus
Imaging of Esophageal Lymph Node Metastases by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.	Histopathological assessment of lymph node metastases (LNM) depends on subjective analysis of cellular morphology with inter-/intraobserver variability. In this study, LNM from esophageal adenocarcinoma was objectively detected using desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). Ninety lymph nodes (LN) and their primary tumor biopsies from 11 esophago-gastrectomy specimens were examined and analyzed by DESI-MSI. Images from mass spectrometry and corresponding histology were coregistered and analyzed using multivariate statistical tools. The MSIs revealed consistent lipidomic profiles of individual tissue types found within LNs. Spatial mapping of the profiles showed identical distribution patterns as per the tissue types in matched IHC images. Lipidomic profile comparisons of LNM versus the primary tumor revealed a close association in contrast to benign LN tissue types. This similarity was used for the objective prediction of LNM in mass spectrometry images utilizing the average lipidomic profile of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The multivariate statistical algorithm developed for LNM identification demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 89.5%, 100%, 100%, and 97.2%, respectively, when compared with gold-standard IHC. DESI-MSI has the potential to be a diagnostic tool for perioperative identification of LNM and compares favorably with techniques currently used by histopathology experts. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5647-56. ©2016 AACR.	esophagus
[Evodiamine enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell cancer Eca-109 cells].	Objective To investigate the effect of evodiamine on the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell cancer Eca-109 cells. Methods Eca-109 cells were treated with various concentrations of evodiamine [(10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120) μg/mL], and then cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. After the optimal evodiamine concentration was determined, the cells were divided into radiation group (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy X-ray radiation) and radiation combined with evodiamine group (80 μg/mL evodiamine and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy X-ray radiation) .The radiosensitivity of Eca-109 cells was detected using colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle of Eca-109 cells. The protein expressions of Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs and Rad51 were examined by Western blotting. Results MTT assay showed that evodiamine decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition reached the maximal level at 80 μg/mL. Compared with radiotherapy alone, the combination of 80 μg/mL evodiamine and radiotherapy improved survival curve and decreased the values of D0 and Dq. Sensitizer enhancement ratio was 1.86±0.06. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis revealed that evodiamine suppressed radiotherapy-induced the G2/M arrest. Additionally, evodiamine treatment also significantly inhibited radiotherapy-induced increase in Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs and Rad51 expressions. Conclusion Evodiamine enhances radiosensitivity of Eca-109 cells during radiotherapy. The effect may be associated with the inhibition of G2/M arrest and the attenuation of Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs and Rad51 expressions.	esophagus
[Curative Effect of Jiedu Shengji Recipe in Preventing and Treating Acute Radiation Esophagitis in Radiotherapy Induced Esophageal Carcinoma Patients].	OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of Jiedu Shengji Recipe (JSR) in preventing and treating acute radiation esophagitis in radiotherapy induced esophageal carcinoma patients. METHODS: Totally 86 mid-late stage esophageal carcinoma patients were assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to random digit table, 43 in each group. All patients received concurrent radiochemotherapy. Patients in the treatment group took JSR from starting the radiotherapy, one dose per day for 8 successive weeks, while those in the control group took mixture of dexamethasone, lido- caine, and gentamicin, 10 mL each time, taken before radiation and within 30 min after radiation, discontinued till the end of radiation. The occurrence time of acute radiation esophagitis and, duration of symptoms, esophageal radioactive damage degree, curative effect, improvement rate of Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) , and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the occurrence time of acute radiation esophagitis was prolonged (15. 46±3. 37 days vs 10.23±2.46 days) , and duration of symptoms was shortened (20.18±4.56 days vs 26. 17±3. 26 days) in the treatment group, with statistical difference (P <0. 01). In the treatment group the occurrence rate of mid and high level (degree II to degree IV) acute radiation esophagitis was lower than that of the control group (Z =3. 34, P <0. 01). The total effective rate was 95. 35% (41/43) in the treatment group and 67. 44% (29/43) in the control group, with statistical difference between the two groups (X² =11.06, P<0.01 ). The improvement rate of KPS were higher in the treatment group than in the control group [65. 12% (28/43) vs 27.91% (12/43) ; X² =11.97, P <0. 01]. The incidence of adverse reactions were lower in the treatment group than in the control group with statistical difference [9.30% (4/43) vs 34. 88% (15/43) ; X²=8.17, P <0. 01]. CONCLUSION: JSR had better effect for preventing and treating moderate and severe acute radiation esophagitis in concurrent chemoradiotherapy induced esophageal carcinoma patients.	esophagus
Prognostic Significance of MAGE-A11 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Identification of Related Genes Based on DNA Microarray.	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aims to investigate the expression pattern of melanoma-associated antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) specimens and analyze its prognostic significance for ESCC patients. In addition, the purpose of our study was also to explore the biological function of MAGE-A11 in ESCC cells based on DNA microarray. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MAGE-A11 in ESCC specimens, and its prognostic significance was analyzed by statistical analysis. DNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR were used to explore the different expression of MAGE-A11 downstream genes in ESCC cells. Cell invasion assay and MTT assay were used to detect the effect of MAGE-A11 cDNA on the invasion and proliferation of ESCC cells. RESULTS: Of the ESCC specimens, 59.3% showed positive MAGE-A11 expression. MAGE-A11 expression in ESCC specimens was positively associated with distant lymph node metastasis. Overall survival of ESCC patients with positive MAGE-A11 expression was shorter than in patients with negative MAGE-A11 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed MAGE-A11 expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for ESCC patients. Overexpression of MAGE-A11 changed a variety of gene expressions, which was associated with various cell functions such as protein ubiquitination, cell proliferation and apoptosis, tumor invasion and metastasis. Overexpression of MAGE-A11 directly increased the invasion and proliferation of ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS: MAGE-A11 is an independent poor prognostic marker for ESCC patients. MAGE-A11 regulates various cell functions and directly increases the invasion and proliferation of ESCC cells.	esophagus
Management of patients with T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study on patient management and risk of metastatic disease.	BACKGROUND: Esophagectomy for submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is performed in order to optimize patient outcomes given the risk of concurrent lymph node metastases (LNM). However, not seldom, comorbidity precludes these patients from surgery. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the course of follow-up after treatment in submucosal EAC patients undergoing surgery versus conservative therapy and to evaluate the incidence of metastatic disease. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2012, all patients undergoing diagnostic endoscopic resection for EAC in two centers were reviewed. Only patients with histopathologically proven submucosal tumor invasion were included. Submucosal EACs were divided into tumors that were removed radically (R0) and irradically (R1). Subsequently, in the R0 group, EACs were classified as either low risk (LR; submucosal invasion <500 nm, G1-G2, no LVI) or high risk (HR; deep submucosal invasion >500 nm, G3-G4 and/or LVI). Metastatic disease was defined as LNM in surgical resection specimen and/or evidence of malignant disease during follow-up (FU). RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients with a submucosal EAC were included [23 R1-resections and 46 R0-resection (14 R0-LR and 32 R0-HR)]. Twenty-six patients underwent surgical treatment (1 R0-LR, 12 R0-HR and 13 R1). None of the 14 R0-LR patients developed metastatic disease after a median FU of 60 months. In the R0-HR group and R1 group, metastatic disease was diagnosed in 16 and 30 % of patients, respectively. Surgical patients tended to have a better overall survival than non-surgical patients (p = 0.09). Tumor-related deaths, however, were 12 % in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In LR submucosal EAC, the risk of metastatic disease appears to be very low. In deep submucosal EAC (either R0- or R1-resection), the rate of metastatic disease is lower than reported in earlier surgical series. Given the reasonable disease-free survival and high background mortality, conservative management of these patients seems to be a valid alternative for surgery in selected cases.	esophagus
Intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for anastomotic leakage and pneumonia after esophagectomy for cancer.	Morbidity and mortality after esophagectomy are often related to anastomotic leakage or pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the relationship of intraoperative and postoperative vital parameters with anastomotic leakage and pneumonia after esophagectomy. Consecutive patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis for esophageal cancer from January 2012 to December 2013 were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine potential associations of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters with anastomotic leakage or pneumonia. From a total of 82 included patients, 19 (23%) developed anastomotic leakage and 31 (38%) experienced pneumonia. The single independent factor associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage in multivariable analysis included a lower minimum intraoperative pH (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.94). An increased risk of pneumonia was associated with a lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the first 12 hours after surgery (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-0.99) and a higher maximum intraoperative pH (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27). Interestingly, no differences were noted for the MAP and inotrope requirement between patients with and without anastomotic leakage. A lower minimum intraoperative pH (below 7.25) is associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy, whereas a lower postoperative average MAP (below 83 mmHg) and a higher intraoperative pH (above 7.34) increase the risk of postoperative pneumonia. These parameters indicate the importance of setting strict perioperative goals to be protected intensively.	esophagus
Clinical Significance of FDG-PET to Predict Pathologic Tumor Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis of Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.	PURPOSE: To determine the preoperative ability of [(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to predict pathologic tumor invasion and lymph node status in cT1N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 40 consecutive patients diagnosed with cT1N0M0 ESCC between February 2006 and April 2011. All patients were treated by esophagectomy with two- or three-field lymphadenectomy without neoadjuvant therapy. We evaluated the relevance between clinical variables including maximum standardized uptake values (SUV(max)) of the primary tumor on FDG-PET and pathologic tumor invasion and lymph node status using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Tumors invaded the middle submucosal layer (SM2) and beyond in 21 (52.5 %) patients, and 6 (15 %) had lymph node metastases. The areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for SUV(max) of the primary tumor used to predict factors involved in tumor infiltration to SM2 or deeper and lymph node metastasis were 0.75 (p = 0.006) and 0.79 (p = 0.025), respectively. The optimal SUV(max) cutoff was 2.7. The findings of univariate and multivariate analyses identified SUV(max) as the only significant preoperative predictor associated with tumor infiltration into SM2 or beyond and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, SUV(max) ≥ 2.7 of the primary tumor on FDG-PET was associated with poor recurrence-free and disease-specific survival (p = 0.019 and p = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET is helpful for diagnosing tumors that can infiltrate SM2 and beyond as well as occult lymph node metastasis of cT1N0M0 ESCC that are valuable indications in deciding therapeutic strategies for superficial ESCC.	esophagus
Expression Profiling and Cellular Localization of Stress Responsive Proteins in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Human Esophagus.	BACKGROUND: The ambiguity in relating expression dynamics of stress response proteins with human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has sidelined the potential of stress proteins as therapeutic targets. This study was an attempt to unequivocally relate the stress protein dynamics with stage and propensity of ESCC. METHODS: Surgically resected tumor and adjacent histologically normal tissue from 46 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were investigated in the present study. Expression of HSPs was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: HSP expression was observed in all 46 cases both in adjacent normal and tumor tissues. The expression and the localization of individual HSP showed no significant correlation with depth of invasion, tumor grade, and pathological stage of the tumor. HSP 27 was the most abundant protein followed by HSP 90 and HSP 70. The HSP 27 localized exclusively in the cytoplasm of adjacent normal and tumor cells. HSP 70 showed dispersed expression with predominating nuclear localization in both normal and tumor tissue cells and HSP 90 was localized in cytoplasm of adjacent normal and in nucleus of tumor cells in majority of the cases. CONCLUSION: Our data advocate lack of relationship between stress protein expression and the progression of ESCC. The data renew the prospect of anti-HSP drugs as therapeutic resources in light of the possibility that their use would continue to sensitize cancer cells towards drug induced apoptosis for tumor regression.	esophagus
Surgical Resection of Thoracic Esophageal Cancer with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report.	Patients with esophageal cancer often have various comorbidities, and these sometimes limit treatment choices. We describe a patient with stage IA esophageal cancer accompanied by interstitial lung disease (ILD). Endoscopic resection and radiotherapy were not appropriate because of clinically diagnosed submucosal invasion and the patient was at high risk of ILD exacerbation. We therefore selected transhiatal esophagectomy without a thoracotomy considering the risk of postoperative respiratory complications, and administered methylprednisolone and sivelestat in the perioperative period for the reduction of surgical stress. To our knowledge, this is the first report of surgical treatment for esophageal cancer with ILD. The patient was discharged without postoperative complications. Transhiatal esophagectomy is an appropriate choice for patients with early-stage esophageal cancer without lymph node metastasis who are at high risk for postoperative respiratory complications. The appropriate selection of treatment is important for patients with esophageal cancer considering the risk of complications.	esophagus
Qigesan inhibits migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells via inducing connexin expression and enhancing gap junction function.	Qigesan (QGS), a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has long been used to treat patients with esophageal cancer. However, the anticancer mechanisms of action of QGS remain unknown. This study aims to determine whether QGS regulates gap junction (GJ) function and affects the invasiveness of esophageal cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that QGS markedly inhibits the migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. We further show that QGS enhances the function of GJ in esophageal cancer cells. We therefore hypothesized that enhanced connexin expression leads to enhanced GJ function and inhibition of metastasis. We found that QGS enhances expression of connexin 26 and connexin 43 in esophageal cancer cells. This study suggests that QGS increases GJ function via enhancing the expression of connexins, resulting in reduced esophageal cancer cell migration and invasion.	esophagus
Plasma miRNA-506 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.	BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are responsible for regulating proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis in tumor cells. miRNA-506 is abnormally expressed in multiple tumors, indicating that it might be oncogenic or tumor-suppressive. However, little is known about the association between miRNA-506 expression and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined the expression of miRNA-506 in the plasma of ESCC patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine the association between miRNA-506 expression and clinicopathological features of ESCC. ROC curves were produced for ESCC diagnosis by plasma miRNA-506 and the area under curve was calculated to explore its diagnostic value. RESULTS Average miRNA-506 expression levels were remarkably higher in the plasma of ESCC patients than in healthy volunteers (P<0.001). The expression of miRNA-506 in the plasma was closely associated with lymph node status (P=0.004), TNM stage (P=0.031), and tumor length (P<0.001). According to ROC curves, the area under the curve for plasma miRNA-506 was 0.835, indicating statistical significance for ESCC diagnosis by plasma miRNA-506 (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high miRNA-506 expression had significantly shorter survival time than those with low miRNA-506 expression. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that T stage, N stage, tumor length, and miRNA-506 expression levels were significantly correlated with prognosis in ESCC patients. CONCLUSIONS miRNA-506 can serve as an important molecular marker for diagnosis and prognostic prediction of ESCC.	esophagus