crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Single-Center Analysis of Pegfilgrastim-induced Aortitis Using a Drug Prescription Database and CT Findings.	Background Pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis is a rare but serious adverse event in patients undergoing anticancer therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor analogs. Despite previous case series and systemic reviews, the exact incidence, clinical presentation, and CT manifestations of pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis remain unclear. Purpose To clarify the incidence and clinicoradiologic characteristics of pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis. Materials and Methods Pegfilgrastim administration records from January 2015 to March 2021 were retrospectively collected from the drug prescription database of a single center and were matched with the relevant findings in the CT database. Corresponding CT images within 6 months were available for a total of 1462 doses of pegfilgrastim in 674 patients. Four radiologists reviewed the CT images for the presence of aortitis in two steps. Clinical information and the distribution of aortitis on CT images were examined for patients with a diagnosis of pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis. Results Pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis was observed in 18 of 674 patients (mean age, 62 years ± 13 [SD]; 424 men), resulting in incidence rates of 2.7% per patient (95% CI: 1.6, 4.2) and 1.2% per dose (95% CI: 0.7, 1.9). The most common original primary malignancies were esophageal cancer (n = 10, 9%), breast cancer (n = 3, 4%), and pancreatic cancer (n = 2, 2%). The most common anticancer drugs used at onset were 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and docetaxel. Seven cases were symptomatic, while the remaining 11 (61%) were asymptomatic. CT findings indicated that aortitis involved branches of the aortic arch in 13 cases (72%), aortic arch in 10 cases (56%), and abdominal aorta in two cases (11%). Conclusion Pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis may be more prevalent than previously reported and may be more common in patients with esophageal cancer and those who received 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and docetaxel as anticancer drugs. The findings also suggest that pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis is often characterized by aortic arch and proximal branch involvement at CT. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Krinsky in this issue.	esophagus
Effects and mechanisms of GSG2 in esophageal cancer progression.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer was recognized as one of the malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Germ cell associated 2 (GSG2) has been reported to be of great significance in cell growth and tumor formation. This study aimed to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of GSG2 in esophageal cancer. METHODS: First, relationship between GSG2 expression and tumor characteristics in esophageal cancer patients was analyzed through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. MTT assay, flow cytometry, cloning formation assay, wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were used to determine proliferation, apoptosis and migration of esophageal cancer cell with GSG2 knockdown in vitro. Expression of apoptosis related proteins and downstream pathway proteins after GSG2 knockdown were detected through Human Apoptosis Antibody Array and western blot analysis. The GSG2 knockdown function in vivo was explored through a xenograft tumor model. RESULTS: GSG2 was highly expressed in tumor tissues, which has clinical significance in predicting the malignant degree of patients with esophageal cancer. In addition, GSG2 knockdown significantly inhibited a variety of malignant biological behaviors of esophageal cancer cells, such as inhibiting proliferation, reducing colony formation, promoting apoptosis, hindering migration. The decrease of GSG2 expression in esophageal cancer cells can inhibit the xenograft tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, GSG2 was involved in esophageal cancer progression and development, which may provide an effective molecular target for the treatment of esophageal cancer in the future.	esophagus
miR-145-3p Hampers the Malignant Progression of Esophageal Carcinoma via CXCL5 Downregulation.	Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor that occurs frequently worldwide. The early diagnostic biomarkers are crucial for EC treatment. miRNA can regulate EC progression, with diagnostic and prognostic value. Herein, differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in EC were predicted based on TCGA database. The target mRNAs of miRNA were predicted through databases, which were then intersected with DEmRNAs. Next, the correlation between miRNA and candidate mRNAs was analyzed. qRT-PCR was introduced to analyze expression of miR-145-3p and CXCL5 mRNA in EC cell lines, and western blot was performed to assess protein expression of CXCL5. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in EC were examined through CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell invasion, and flow cytometry assays. Moreover, targeting relationship between miR-145-3p and CXCL5 was verified through luciferase reporter gene analysis. The experimental results revealed a decreased miR-145-3p expression and an increased CXCL5 expression in EC. Enforced expression of miR-145-3p hindered proliferation, migration, invasion, and stimulated apoptosis of EC cells by repressing CXCL5. This study manifested that miR-145-3p may be a tumor suppressor in EC, and miR-145-3p/CXCL5 axis restrained the malignant progression of EC. These results supply an underlying target for prognosis and treatment of EC patients.	esophagus
A Single-Arm Confirmatory Study of Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy Including Salvage Treatment for Clinical Stage II/III Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (JCOG0909 Study).	PURPOSE: Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC) who refuse surgery as the initial therapy. However, poor survival, a high incidence of late toxicities, and severe complications after salvage surgery remain issues to be resolved. This single-arm multicenter trial (JCOG0909) aimed to confirm the efficacy of CRT modifications, including salvage treatment for reducing CRT-related toxicities and facilitating salvage treatment for improved survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with clinical stage II/III EC (International Union Against Cancer sixth edition, non-T4) were eligible. Chemotherapy comprised cisplatin (75 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29) and 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m(2)/d on days 1-4 and 29-32). Radiation therapy was administered at a total dose of 50.4 Gy. Good responders received 1 to 2 additional cycles of chemotherapy. For residual or recurrent disease, salvage endoscopic resection or salvage surgery was performed based on specific criteria. The primary endpoint was 3-year overall survival (OS). The calculated sample size was 95 patients, with a 1-sided alpha of 5% and a power of 80%. The expected and threshold 3-year OS were 55% and 42%, respectively. RESULTS: Overall, 96 patients were enrolled, and 94 were included in the efficacy analysis. A complete response was achieved in 55 patients (59%). Salvage endoscopic resection and salvage surgery were performed in 5 (5%) and 25 patients (27%), respectively. R0 resection by salvage surgery was achieved in 19 patients (76%). Five patients (20%) showed grade 3 or 4 early operative complications, and 9 patients (9.6%) showed grade 3 late toxicities during the long-term follow-up. The 3-year OS was 74.2% (90% confidence interval, 65.9%-80.8%). CONCLUSION: The combination of definitive CRT and salvage treatment has lower CRT-related toxicities and yields good OS, thus making it a promising novel treatment option for patients with locally advanced EC.	esophagus
Meta-analysis of robot-assisted versus video-assisted McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.	We aim to review the available literature on patients with esophageal cancer treated with robot-assisted (RAME) or video-assisted McKeown's esophagectomy (VAME), to compare the efficacy and safety of the two approaches. Original research studies that evaluated perioperative and oncologic outcomes of RAME versus VAME were identified, from January 1990 to July 2022. The 90-day mortality, the R0 resection rate, the dissected lymph nodes, the perioperative parameters, and the complications were calculated according to a fixed and a random effect model. The Q statistics and I(2) statistic were used to test for heterogeneity among the studies. Seven studies were included, incorporating a total of 1617 patients treated with RAME or VAME. The 90-day mortality was similar between the two groups. No difference was found regarding the R0 resection rate and the number of dissected lymph nodes. In addition, the perioperative parameters, along with the total complications were similar between RAME and VAME. Nonetheless, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia was higher in the VAME group (OR:0.67 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.93]; p = 0.02). Finally, our outcomes were further validated by sensitivity analysis including only studies performing propensity score-matched analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that RAME was equivalent to VAME in terms of safety, feasibility, and oncologic adequacy. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of included studies. New Randomized Controlled trials, that are currently active, will provide further evidence with greater clarity to assess the effectiveness and safety of RAME for esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Dysregulation of miR-204-5p/APLN axis affects malignant progression and cell stemness of esophageal cancer.	OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to investigate the mechanism of miR-204-5p and its downstream gene in regulating bio-functions of esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to select the mature miRNAs, mRNAs, and clinical data of EC. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis was predicted through bioinformatics and used Dual-luciferase analysis to verify the interaction between miR-204-5p and APLN. qRT-PCR was applied to analyze expression of miR-204-5p and APLN mRNA. Western blot was utilized to detect APLN protein expression. Functional assays like CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, and stem cell sphere formation assays were launched to confirm proliferative, migratory, invasive and stemness of cells in different treatment groups. RESULTS: MiR-204-5p was lowly expressed while its target gene APLN was highly expressed in tumor tissues. Besides, miR-204-5p overexpression hindered proliferation, invasion, migration, and stemness of EC cells. Additionally, dual-luciferase assay verified the interaction of miR-204-5p and APLN. MiR-204-5p could downregulate APLN level and its overexpression reduced the effect of APLN on EC cell functions. CONCLUSION: Dysregulation of miR-204-5p/APLN axis was linked with malignant progression of EC. MiR-204-5p/APLN may be an underlying candidate for the design of anticarcinogens.	esophagus
Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) has been reported to be related to the risk of some cancers. Here we focussed on serum IGFBP3 as a possible biomarker of diagnosis and prognosis for oesophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum IGFBP3 level in the training cohort including 136 ESCC patients and 119 normal controls and the validation cohort with 55 ESCC patients and 42 normal controls. The receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) was used to assess the diagnosis value. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to select factors for survival nomogram construction. RESULTS: Serum IGFBP3 levels were significantly lower in early-stage ESCC or ESCC patients than those in normal controls (p < .05). The specificity and sensitivity of serum IGFBP3 for the diagnosis of ESCC were 95.80% and 50.00%, respectively, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.788 in the training cohort. Similar results were observed in the validation cohort (88.10%, 38.18%, and 0.710). Importantly, serum IGFBP3 could also differentiate early-stage ESCC from controls (95.80%, 52.54%, 0.777 and 88.10%, 36.36%, 0.695 in training and validation cohorts, respectively). Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that serum IGFBP3 was an independent prognostic risk factor (HR = 2.599, p = .002). Lower serum IGFBP3 level was correlated with reduced overall survival (p < .05). Nomogram based on serum IGFBP3, TNM stage, and tumour size improved the prognostic prediction of ESCC with a concordance index of 0.715. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that serum IGFBP3 was a potential biomarker of diagnosis and prognosis for ESCC. Meanwhile, the nomogram might help predict the prognosis of ESCC. Key MessageSerum IGFBP3 showed early diagnostic value in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma with independent cohort validation. Moreover, serum IGFBP3 was identified as an independent prognostic risk factor, which was used to construct a nomogram with improved prognosis ability in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	esophagus
Initial Learning Curve and Stereotypical Use of Extra Arm During da Vinci Chest Procedures of McKeown Esophagectomy.	Objective: McKeown esophagectomy facilitates extensive lymphadenectomy for the optimal management of esophageal cancer. Robot-assisted esophagectomy (RAE) was introduced in an attempt to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. The da Vinci System has 3 active robotic arms in addition to the camera scope, and an extra robotic arm (ERA) is generally used to maintain a fine and stable operative field. However, the optimal use of an ERA has not been documented. In addition, the learning curve of the RAE using the da Vinci System remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal use of an ERA in association with the initial learning curve of robotic McKeown esophagectomy with extremely extensive lymphadenectomy. Methods: We reviewed 81 consecutive patients who underwent RAE. To determine whether stereotypical use of an ERA after establishment of its optimal use accounted for the learning curve, we measured the duration of 14 steps and the duration when performed with optimal use of an ERA in the corresponding step by reviewing video-recorded procedures. We then calculated the ratio as the degree of stereotypical use of the ERA during the da Vinci chest procedures. Results: The cumulative sum method showed that the learning curve required 27 cases of RAE. In addition, stereotypical use of the ERA was significantly associated with the learning curve of RAE. Conclusions: Establishment of optimal use of an ERA could help to accelerate the learning curve in da Vinci chest procedures during McKeown esophagectomy with extensive lymphadenectomy.	esophagus
Tislelizumab: A Modified Anti-tumor Programmed Death Receptor 1 Antibody.	Tislelizumab is an anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) monoclonal immunoglobulin G 4 antibody developed by BeiGene. The structure of tislelizumab has been modified to maximally inhibit the binding of PD-1 to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and minimize the binding of tislelizumab to Fcγ receptors. In clinical studies, tislelizumab has shown preliminary anti-tumor effects in various solid tumors, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, lung cancer, gastric and esophageal cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors. In addition, it also showed new promise in solid tumor treatment in combination with ociperlimab. Due to its satisfactory anti-tumor effects, tislelizumab has received approvals in China for the treatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, squamous non-small cell lung cancer, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is now under investigation for a new indication in microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Moreover, it has been granted orphan designations in hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer, including cancer of the gastroesophageal junction, by the US Food and Drug Administration. Tislelizumab has an acceptable safety profile; the most common adverse effects include fatigue, anemia, and decreased neutrophil count, while the most fatal events have been related to respiratory infection or failure, and hepatic injury. Tislelizumab has an economic advantage compared with other well-studied PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors; thus, the introduction of it could provide clinical oncologists with an effective weapon against tumors and may alleviate the burden of cancer patients.	esophagus
[ICG lymph node mapping in cancer surgery of the upper gastrointestinal tract].	The importance of the assessment of the N‑status in gastric carcinoma, tumors of the gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer is undisputed; however, there is currently no internationally validated method for lymph node mapping in esophageal and gastric cancer. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIR) is an innovative technique from the field of vibrational spectroscopy, which in combination with the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) enables intraoperative real-time visualization of anatomical structures. The ICG currently has four fields of application in oncological surgery: intraoperative real-time angiography for visualization of perfusion, lymphography for visualization of lymphatic vessels, visualization of solid tumors, and (sentinel) lymph node mapping. For imaging of the lymph drainage area and therefore the consecutive lymph nodes, peritumoral injection of ICG must be performed. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of peritumoral injection of ICG administered 15 min to 3 days preoperatively with subsequent intraoperative visualization of the lymph nodes. So far prospective randomized studies on the validation of the method are still lacking. In contrast, the use of ICG for lymph node mapping and visualization of sentinel lymph nodes in gastric cancer has been performed in large cohorts as well as in prospective randomized settings. Up to now, multicenter studies for ICG-guided lymph node mapping during oncological surgery of the upper gastrointestinal tract are lacking. Artificial intelligence methods can help to evaluate these techniques in an automated manner in the future as well as to support intraoperative decision making and therefore to improve the quality of oncological surgery.	esophagus
Disruption of enhancer-driven S100A14 expression promotes esophageal carcinogenesis.	Increasing evidence have revealed that epigenomic and genomic factors jointly contribute to the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, little is known regarding how enhancers regulate tumor suppressors and drive the tumorigenesis of ESCC. Here, we characterized S100A14 as a tumor suppressor in ESCC and showed that S100A14 deficiency dramatically promoted 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) -induced tumorigenesis of ESCC and shortened survival of mice. Intriguingly, we found that S100A14 expression was driven by enhancer, and disruption of enhancer decreased the S100A14 expression in ESCC. Mechanistic investigation showed that S100A14 deficiency triggered aberrant differentiated program. TP63, SOX2 and EP300 occupied the enhancer region of S100A14 gene locus and regulated the expression of S100A14. Consistently, S100A14 is downregulated in ESCC tissues compared with their corresponding adjacent normal tissues, and lower S100A14 expression predicts poorer overall survival. Collectively, disruption of enhancer-regulated S100A14 induces ESCC tumorigenesis and it acts as a critical driver of ESCC tumorigenesis.	esophagus
The survival of esophageal cancer by subtype in China with comparison to the United States.	Adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the main subtypes of esophageal cancer (EC), but nationwide survival of both EC subtypes has never been reported in China. Our study aimed to estimate the survival trends of EC by subtype in China and compare them with those in the United States for the same period. We used data from 64 Chinese cancer registries, which included EC patients diagnosed during 2008 and 2015 and followed up until 31st December 2017. The 5-year age-standardized relative survival by subtype, sex, age group and urban or rural area between 2008 and 2017 were analyzed. We stratified survival estimates by calendar period (2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2012-2014 and 2015-2017). Data from the SEER 18 program were calculated to estimate the survival of EC in the United States. A further comparison between the survivals in areas covered and not covered by population-based endoscopic screening programs in China was conducted. A total of 129 962 records were included in the survival analyses. Results revealed that age-standardized 5-year relative survivals for AC and SCC increased in both China and the United States from 2008 to 2017. In 2015 to 2017, 5-year survival from both subtypes in China was better than the United States (SCC: 36.9% vs 18.5%, AC: 34.8% vs 22.3%). The survival for both subtypes was significantly higher in screening areas than in nonscreening areas in China (SCC: 40.6% vs 32.8%; AC: 43.0% vs 31.3%). A survival gap in EC by subtype exists between China and the United States. Our results may support the beneficial effect of population-based endoscopic screening for survival, and may be poised to inform national policy-making in both countries.	esophagus
Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ESCC and its impact on esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer in China. The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of ESCC is gradually increasing. Camrelizumab is one such immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) used for treatment. In this retrospective study, we explored the efficacy, safety, and short-term perioperative prognosis of camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ESCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 254 Chinese patients with ESCC were enrolled in the study; 48 received camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (C-NC group), and 206 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC group). All patients underwent surgery after the completion of 2 cycles of neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS: Twenty patients (20/48, 41.7%) in the C-NC group and 22 patients (22/206, 10.7%) in the NC group achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) (p<0.001). Twenty-nine patients (29/48, 60.4%) in the C-NC group and 56 patients (56/206, 27.2%) in the NC group achieved major pathologic remission (MPR) (p<0.001). There was a lower incidence of myelosuppression during neoadjuvant therapy in patients in the C-NC group (33/48, 68.8%) than in the NC group (174/206, 84.5%, p=0.012). The total incidence of adverse reactions during neoadjuvant therapy was also lower in the C-NC group (37/48, 77.1%) than in the NC group (189/206, 91.7%, p=0.003). Patients in the C-NC group had more lymph nodes cleared during surgery than those in the NC group (34 vs.30, p<0.001). The logistic model showed that the treatment regimen, age, and presence of lymph node metastasis were influential factors for achieving a pCR in these patients (p<0.001). Regarding other adverse events and surgery-related data, there were no significant differences observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an efficacious neoadjuvant regimen with an acceptable safety profile and does not increase the difficulty of surgery or the incidence of complications. A pCR is more likely to be achieved in patients treated with camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in younger patients, or in those without lymph node metastases.	esophagus