crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Transhiatal oesophagectomy: A simple technique to carry out gastric or colonic conduit pull-up.	Following transhiatal oesophagectomy, delivery of the conduit into the posterior mediastinum and neck can potentially result in its devascularisation. A simple technique is described to protect the conduit during this phase of the operation. This procedure has now been performed in 56 consecutive cases (54 gastric and two colonic conduits). In one case (1.8%) the colonic conduit had to be removed due to venous engorgement. The anastomotic leak rate was 8/56 (14%), and 12 (21%) patients required oesophageal dilatation for a stricture. There were no cases of ischaemia of the conduit. This technique provides a means of safe delivery of the oesophageal replacement into the neck following transhiatal oesophagectomy.	esophagus
LOI of IGF2 is associated with esophageal cancer and linked to methylation status of IGF2 DMR.	In the present study, IGF2 mRNA expression was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in 46 esophageal cancer cases. LOI of IGF2 was detected in informative samples, which were determined as heterozygote with ApaI polymorphism in exon 9 of IGF2 by PCR-RFLP and RT-PCR-RFLP. Methylation status of IGF2 DMR in informative samples was analyzed by sodium bisulfite treatment and PCR and the following cloning sequencing. The results showed that there was over-expression of IGF2 mRNA in tumor tissues (T) compared to their matched normal tissues (N) (P < 0.05). The expression level of IGF2 in tumor tissues was associated with pathological grades (P < 0.05), but proved irrelevant to clinical stages (P > 0.05). Of all informative samples, 21% (5/24) of cases showed there were IGF2 LOI; however, there was IGF2 LOI in the tumor tissue and not in its matched normal tissue in a special case. Methylation level of IGF2 DMR was average 29.7% in normal imprinting samples and 50.6% (P < 0.01) in IGF2 LOI separate samples. These data suggested that IGF2 may participate in carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer through its over-expression. IGF2 LOI may be one of the factors that lead to overexpression of IGF2 and may be at least partly due to aberrant methylation of IGF2 DMR in esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-8 by betel quid extract and arecoline and its role in 2D motility.	Betel quid (BQ) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) play roles in oral diseases. Here, we analyzed the regulation of MMP-8 by BQ and its effect on cell migration. We found that BQ extract (BQE) increased the secretion of an 85kDa caseinolytic proteinase, specifically precipitated by an anti-MMP-8 antibody, in the culture medium of OECM-1, an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. BQE also stimulated MMP-8 secretion in an esophageal carcinoma cell line, CE81T/VGH, in a dose-dependent manner, and MMP-8 protein was maximally expressed at 24h after BQE treatment in OECM-1. The BQE-induced MMP-8 expression was dose-dependently inhibited by PD98059. Arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, was tested to dose-dependently up-regulate MMP-8 protein level. Moreover, both arecoline- (4.7-fold) and BQE-selected (5.5-fold) CE81T/VGH cells expressed higher MMP-8 protein level and exhibited enhanced two-dimensional (2D) motility (p=0.009 in both cells) than parental cells. The enhanced motility of arecoline- (p=0.006) and BQE-selected (p=0.002) cells was both specifically blocked by an anti-MMP-8 antibody. We conclude that BQ may accelerate tumor migration by stimulating MMP-8 expression through MEK pathway in at least some carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Furthermore, arecoline may be one of the positive MMP-8 regulators among BQ ingredients.	esophagus
[A case of recurrent GIST of the esophagus which completely responded to imatinib mesilate].	Middle and lower esophagectomy was performed in a 68-year-old man in 1997 for the local recurrence of esophageal submucosal tumor after enucleation of the tumor. We subsequently performed partial hepatectomy for multiple liver metastases in 2001. The tumor was first diagnosed as GIST in the histological examinations of the liver metastases. However, 12 months after the hepatectomy, further recurrent lesions were found in multiple lymph nodes, in the remnant liver, and in the pancreas, as well as in the subcutaneous tissue. The lesions were initially considered unresectable, and we thus started an internal use of Glivec (400 mg/day) since July 2004. Within 2 months,all detected recurrent lesions changed into liquid forms,and the size of the subcutaneous tumor was also remarkably reduced. Accumulation of FDG was not seen on FDG-PET examination, suggesting the complete response of the tumor to Glivec. We still continue internal use of Glivec, and new recurrent lesions have not been detected up to now. Furthermore, the sizes of the liquid-regenerated lesions are gradually reducing.	esophagus
Clinical significance of detecting mucin 1 mRNA in diagnosing occult lymph node micrometastasis in esophageal cancer patients.	BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Early postoperative relapse in esophageal cancer might be related to occult lymph node micrometastasis that could not be detected by routine histopathologic examination. This study was to investigate the clinical significance of detecting Mucin 1 (MUC1) mRNA in diagnosing occult lymph node micrometastasis in esophageal cancer patients, and to evaluate its prognostic significance. METHODS: The expression of MUC1 mRNA in 366 regional lymph nodes from 63 esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) patients without histopathologically confirmed invasion (pN0), 30 paraesophageal lymph nodes from patients with benign esophageal diseases, and 15 lymph nodes and 15 tumor tissues from ESCC patients with histopathologically proved metastasis (pN1) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine micrometastasis. Survival difference was compared by Chi(2) test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: Specificity of genetic diagnosis was 100.0% (30/30) for occult lymph node micrometastasis, and 90.0% (27/30) for lymph node micrometastasis. MUC1 mRNA was identified in 30 (8.2%) lymph nodes from 22 (34.9%) patients. Occult lymph node micrometastasis was diagnosed in these patients. The 3-year survival rate was significantly lower in the patients with lymph node micrometastasis than in the patients without lymph node micrometastasis (54.5% vs. 80.5%, P<0.01). In Logistic regression analysis, lymph node micrometastasis (P<0.05, odds ratio=3.71) and T3 tumor (P<0.05, odds ratio=7.17) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is helpful to diagnose occult lymph node micrometastasis by detecting the expression of MUC1 mRNA in lymph nodes of pN0 ESCC patients. Lymph node micrometastasis may predict poor prognosis of the patients after radial operation.	esophagus
Circumferential endoscopic resection of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus-related high-grade dysplasia or mucosal cancer can be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), but the adjacent metaplastic epithelium remains at risk for developing further lesions. Our objective was to evaluate the results of the circumferential EMR in removing not only the neoplastic lesion but also the remaining Barrett's epithelium. METHODS: Forty-one consecutive patients (mean age: 66 years) with Barrett's esophagus were submitted to 63 EMR sessions in one single-referral endoscopic unit. All patients had high-grade dysplasia, and cancer was detected in 23 of these cases, most of them classified as T1N0 (20 patients) by endosonography. Mucosectomy after saline submucosal injection was performed for the neoplastic lesions and, if necessary, the residual Barrett's epithelium was removed by the same technique one month later. RESULTS: A retrospective evaluation showed that, during a mean follow-up of 31.6 months, Barrett's epithelium was completely replaced by squamous epithelium in 31 (75.6%) cases. There were 10 complications, all of which were managed endoscopically: 8 cases of bleeding and two perforations occurred in 9 (14.3%) patients. One patient developed an esophageal stricture. Barrett's epithelium recurred in 10 (24.4%) patients and recurrent or metachronous early cancer was detected in 5 (12.2%), all but one of which were treated again by EMR; the fifth patient was referred to surgery. Argon plasma coagulation was used in 6 cases to treat Barrett's epithelium, and two patients received concomitant chemoradiotherapy as adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential EMR provides an effective endoscopic approach to the management of Barrett's esophagus-related high-grade dysplasia and mucosal cancer. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term results.	esophagus
American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system does not accurately predict survival in patients receiving multimodality therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma.	PURPOSE: In patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus who receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, pathologic complete response (pCR), and estimated treatment response are various means used to stratify patients prognostically after surgery. However, none of these methods has been formally evaluated. The purpose of this study was to establish prognostic pathologic variables after CRT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who received CRT before esophagectomy. Data collected included demographics, CRT details, pathologic findings, and survival. Statistical methods included recursive partitioning and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-six patients were appropriate for this analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicates that the current AJCC system poorly distinguishes between stages 0 to IIA (P = .52), IIB to III (P = .87), and IVA to IVB (P = .30). The presence of a pCR conferred improved survival over residual disease (P = .01). Recursive partitioning analysis indicates that involved lymph nodes and metastatic disease are the best predictors of survival and that depth of invasion and degree of treatment response are less predictive. CONCLUSION: The current AJCC staging system is not a good predictor of survival after CRT. Although patients with a pCR do have improved long-term survival relative to patients with residual disease, this method places too much emphasis on residual depth of invasion and fails to identify patients with residual disease who have good long-term survival. Recursive partitioning analysis more accurately identifies nodal disease and metastatic disease as the most important prognostic variables. Degree of treatment response is less prognostic than nodal involvement.	esophagus
Serum interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 levels in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) play an important role as immunomodulatory factors in cancer pathogenesis. THE AIM of the study was analyze changes of serum IL-12 and IL-18 concentrations in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients depending on the progression of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were taken from 41 patients with oesophageal cancer: 5 women and 36 men, mean age 59+/-9 years. 23 patients had surgical resection of oesophagus with II and III tumor stage, 18 patients with IV stage of cancer progression were treated by palliative procedures. The control group included 15 healthy blood donors: 4 female and 11 males, mean age 41+/-6 years. The concentrations of IL-12 and IL-18 were determined by ELISA tests. RESULTS: Serum IL-12 and IL-18 amounts detected in blood of oesophageal cancer patients were significantly higher in comparison to control group (p<0.001). Serum IL-12 level was higher in patients with IV stage of the disease than in patients with II and III stages. Also serum IL-18 level was significantly higher in patients with IV stage in comparison to patients surgically treated (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in concentrations of IL-18 according to clinicopathological parameters such as: stage of cancer progression, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels are significantly higher in oesophageal cancer patients than in the healthy subjects. A relation between IL-18 content and cancer progression has been registered.	esophagus
Chromosome 11 aneusomy in esophageal cancers and precancerous lesions--an early event in neoplastic transformation: an interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization study from south India.	AIM: To detect aneusomic changes with respect to chromosome 11 copy number in esophageal precancers and cancers wherein the generation of cancer-specific phenotypes is believed to be associated with specific chromosomal aneuploidies. METHODS: We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on esophageal tissue paraffin sections to analyze changes in chromosome 11 copy number using apotome-generated images by optical sectioning microscopy. Sections were prepared from esophageal tumor tissue, tissues showing preneoplastic changes and histologically normal tissues (control) obtained from patients referred to the clinic for endoscopic evaluation. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that aneusomy was seen in all the cancers and preneoplastic tissues, while none of the controls showed aneusomic cells. There was no increase in aneusomy from precancers to cancers. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that evaluation of chromosome 11 aneusomy in esophageal tissue using FISH with an appropriate signal capture-analysis system, can be used as an ancillary molecular marker predictive of early neoplastic changes. Future studies can be directed towards the genes on chromosome 11, which may play a role in the neoplastic transformation of esophageal precancerous lesions to cancers.	esophagus
[Oesophageal tumours--what does the surgeon need from the radiologist?].	Surgery is the most important therapeutic discipline for oesophageal cancers and the surgeon has specific questions for the radiologist which can require various imaging procedures. The radiological presentation is, for example, necessary for the topographic imaging of larger space occupying processes, the localization and axial spread of which are important for the surgical procedure chosen. Imaging diagnostics helps with the identification of R0 resectable patients. High resolution computed tomography (CT) of the mediastinum is used to clarify the spatial relationship between oesophageal cancer and the tracheobronchial system. This method also helps demonstrate the presence of fistulas in the tracheobronchial system or mediastinum. Using a neck or thorax CT, or a PET-CT distant metastases can be documented and a second tumour excluded. Imaging procedures gain additional significance for the evaluation of the T stage of the oesophageal tumour or the response to neoadjuvant therapy concepts, for which an earliest possible response evaluation is of great importance. Imaging procedures are also of importance in aftercare as it is sometimes possible and valuable to carry out surgery for local relapses.	esophagus
A population-based association study of SNPs of GSTP1, MnSOD, GPX2 and Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.	Oxidative stress appears to be important in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of antioxidant enzyme genes may play a part in determining individual susceptibility to these diseases. The Factors Influencing the Barrett's Adenocarcinoma Relationship (FINBAR) study is a population-based, case-control study of BE and EAC in Ireland. DNA from EAC (n = 207), BE (> or =3 cm BE at endoscopy with specialized intestinal metaplasia on biopsy, n = 189) and normal population controls (n = 223) were analyzed. Several SNPs spanning the genes for glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) were genotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and SNaPshottrade mark. The chi(2) test was used to compare genotype and allele frequencies between case and control subjects. Linkage disequilibrium between SNPs was quantified using Lewontin's D' value and haplotype frequency estimates obtained using Haploview. Eleven SNPs were genotyped (six for GSTP1, three for MnSOD and two for GPX2); all were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. None was significantly associated with EAC or BE even before Bonferroni correction. Odds ratios for EAC for individual SNPs ranged from 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-1.08] to 1.25 (95% CI 0.73-2.16), and for BE from 0.84 (95% CI 0.52-1.30) to 1.30 (95% CI 0.85-1.97). SNPs in all three genes were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D' > 0.887) but haplotype analysis did not show any significant association with EAC or BE. SNPs involving the GSTP1, MnSOD and GPX2 genes were not associated with BE or EAC. Further studies aimed at identifying susceptibility genes should focus on different antioxidant genes or different pathways.	esophagus
Human esophageal cancer endothelial cells increase tumor growth by incorporating with mouse endothelium.	Current in vivo investigations of tumor angiogenesis mainly rely on the results obtained from engrafted models in mice. In the present study, we attempt to assess the potential of human tumor endothelium to form neovasculature in different engrafted tumor models. The tumor endothelial cells were isolated from human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and then identified by anti-VEGFR1/2 immunoreactions and tube formation assay. Esophageal and lung cancer cells were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice with human esophageal cancer endothelial cells (HECECs), respectively. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also co-inoculated into mice with esophageal cancer cells as a control. The engrafted tumor growth was significantly promoted by co-inoculation of HECECs in comparison with injection of esophageal tumor cells alone. Immunohistochemistry of anti-CD31 and anti-huCD31 was performed to detect the micro-vessels in the engrafted tumors which revealed that the HECECs formed humanized micro-vessels and significantly increased the micro-vessel density in engrafted tumors comparing with the tumors without HECECs. However, HUVEC cells could not enhance the esophageal tumor growth and the growth of lung tumors could not be increased by HECECs, either. Few humanized blood vessels were found in these two groups of xenografts. These results suggest that the specific interaction between HECECs and esophageal tumor cells contributes to the neovasculature construction and esophageal tumor growth in xenografts.	esophagus
Snail plays a key role in E-cadherin-preserved esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Snail is a zinc-finger transcription factor that triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by directly repressing E-cadherin expression. However, the relationship between E-cadherin and Snail expression remains unclear in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of E-cadherin and Snail expression in ESCC. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of E-cadherin and Snail proteins in 194 patients with ESCC. The relationship between expression of these proteins and clinicopathological factors was analyzed, and the usefulness of Snail in disease prognosis was evaluated in relation to E-cadherin expression. E-cadherin expression was preserved in 41.2% of tumors, and Snail expression was confirmed in 61.7%. Tumors with reduced E-cadherin expression invaded deeper (P<0.0001), had more lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001) and had more lymphatic invasion (P=0.0011) than tumors with preserved expression. Tumors that were positive for Snail expression invaded deeper (P=0.0385), had more distant lymph node metastasis (pM) (P=0.0051) and had a more advanced stage (P=0.0044) than those that were negative for Snail expression. Snail expression was not significantly correlated with reduced E-cadherin expression. Patients with reduced E-cadherin expression or positive Snail expression had poor clinical outcomes. In the preserved E-cadherin group, overall survival rate was better in patients with negative Snail expression than in those with positive Snail expression (P=0.035). Snail appears to play a key role in preserved E-cadherin expression. Further studies on other molecules in the pathways related to reduced E-cadherin expression in ESCC from the view-point of EMT are necessary.	esophagus
Diet habits, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, green tea drinking, and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population.	OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in relation to exogenous factors in a rural area of China with a high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Yangzhong County, Jiangsu Province, China, with 355 histologically confirmed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases recruited between 1 January 2004 and 28 February 2006 and 408 controls matched by sex and age, randomly selected from the local population. RESULTS: Stratified logistic regression analysis by sex revealed that hot-temperature food items, pork braised in brown sauce and old stocked rice intake could increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with odds ratio of 2.127 (95% confidence interval: 1.394-3.245), 2.059 (95% confidence interval: 1.417-2.993) and 9.059 (95% confidence interval: 5.930-13.840), respectively, in men and 3.048 (95% confidence interval: 1.733-5.364), 1.914 (95% confidence interval: 1.159-3.162) and 14.532 (95% confidence interval: 7.816-27.019), respectively, in women, whereas diet high in salt and chili, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking only showed possible risk effects in men with odds ratio 2.338 (95% confidence interval: 1.568-3.485), 3.378 (95% confidence interval: 2.117-5.389), 1.976 (95% confidence interval: 1.337-2.921) and 2.197 (95% confidence interval: 1.510-3.195), respectively. Green tea drinking showed a protective effect in women (odds ratio=0.257; 95% confidence interval: 0.070-0.941). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study provided evidence that dietary habits, tobacco-smoking and alcohol drinking contribute to the etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A healthy dietary habit, with smoking cessation and alcohol controlling is of a great importance in the prevention of esophageal cancer.	esophagus
[Diagnosis and treatment of esophageal leyomyoma].	Radical operations for benign esophageal leyomyoma were performed in 50 patients in 1976-2006 in the clinic. Highly informative roentgenologic, endoscopic and ultrasonographic (including intraesophageal) methods were applied in the disease diagnosis, permitting to establish the diagnosis, as a rule, accurately before the operation. The diagnosis was verified definitely, basing on intraoperative revision data and the results of express-histologic investigation of the tumor excised. Extramucosal enucleation of benign leyomyoma with plastic closure of esophageal muscle defect or its suturing was done in 33 (66%) patients. Subtotal esophageal resection was performed in 11 (22%) patients, reconstructive operations--in 10 (20%), including in 5 (10%)--retrosternal esophagocolonoplasty, in 2 (4%)--intrathoracic esophagogastroplasty and in 1 (2%)--retrosternal esophagojejunoplasty. In 2 (4%) patients with small benign leyomyoma the esophageal wall portion resection was performed using suturing apparatus and in 1 (2%)--gastrostomy. Postoperative mortality had constituted 2%. Results of treatment were studied in 46 (92%) patients in 1-18 yrs, 4.8 at average. There were no recurrences. The result was estimated as good in 39 (78%) patients and fair--in 7 (14%).	esophagus