crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Analysis of HER2 gene amplification and protein expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	The HER2 gene, which is located on chromosomes 17, is a therapeutic target for cancer. Amplification of HER2 has been described in several tumor types. However, few studies of HER2 gene amplification and protein expression in esophageal carcinoma have been conducted. This study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of HER2/neu and the clinical characteristics, including survival rate, of esophageal squamous carcinoma. The clinical data of 145 patients admitted in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, from 2000 to 2005, were reviewed. The HER2 protein expression and gene status in 145 esophageal carcinomas were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test using SPSS13.0 software. Compared to normal esophageal epithelium (23/95, 24.2%), HER2 protein was overexpressed in most esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues (60/145, 41.4%), of which 45 (31.0%) were 2+ and 15 (10.4%) were 3+, HER2 overexpression associated significantly with HER2 gene amplification. There is a correlation between the overexpression of HER2 and the differentiation of the carcinoma, the HER2 gene amplification and the differentiation of the carcinoma and the tumor stage. According to univariate analysis, there was a significant difference in survival rates when cases with and without HER-2/neu overexpression or amplification were compared. HER-2/neu amplification/overexpression may be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients with esophageal squamous cancer, and patients with HER-2/neu amplification/overexpression might be potential candidates for new adjuvant therapies that involve the use of humanized monoclonal antibodies.	esophagus
Potential and pitfalls of using large administrative claims data to study the safety of osteoporosis therapies.	Long-term bisphosphonate use may be associated with several rare adverse events. Such associations are not optimally evaluated in conventional randomized controlled trials due to the requirements of large numbers of patients and long-term follow-up. Alternatively, administrative claims data from various sources such as Medicare have been used. Because claims data are collected for billing and reimbursement purposes, they have limitations, including uncertain diagnostic validity and lack of detailed clinical information. Using such data for pharmacoepidemiologic research requires complex methodologies that may be less familiar to many researchers and clinicians. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of using claims data for osteoporosis drug safety research, summarize recent advancements in methodologies that may be used to address the limitations, and present directions for future research using claims data.	esophagus
Treatment outcome and prognosis of patients with lymph node recurrence of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after curative resection.	BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess treatment outcome and factors influencing survival after lymph node recurrence of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after curative resection. METHODS: A total of 207 patients who underwent curative resection of thoracic esophageal SCC between March 1999 and March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, lymph node recurrence was observed in 45 (21.7%) patients. Twenty-nine patients received intensive treatment (radiation therapy, chemoradiotherapy, or lymphadenectomy) directed at recurrent nodes, 9 patients received chemotherapy, and 7 patients received best supportive care (BSC). Treatment outcome and prognostic factors of these patients were investigated. RESULTS: Patients who received intensive treatment had significantly higher survival rates after recurrence than those who received chemotherapy or BSC (P = 0.0049 and 0.0004, respectively). In univariate analysis of survival after recurrence, the number of recurrent nodes (a single node or multiple nodes), the region of recurrent nodes (limited to a single region or extended to multiple regions), and the presence of simultaneous organ recurrence (present or absent) were prognostic factors (P = 0.0004, 0.0017, and <0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the region of recurrent nodes and simultaneous organ recurrence were independent prognostic factors (P = 0.0396 and 0.0006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the region of recurrent nodes (limited to a single region or extended to multiple regions) and simultaneous organ recurrence are factors influencing survival after lymph node recurrence of thoracic esophageal SCC after curative resection.	esophagus
Atypical protein kinase Cι (PKCι) promotes metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by enhancing resistance to Anoikis via PKCι-SKP2-AKT pathway.	Protein kinase Cι (PKCι) is an atypical PKC isoform and participates in multiple aspects of the transformed phenotype in human cancer cells. We previously reported that frequent amplification and overexpression of PKCι were correlated with lymph node metastasis in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). In the present study, short interfering RNA-mediated silencing of PKCι revealed that this enzyme was required for cell migration, invasion, and resistance to anoikis. In vivo experiments showed that PKCι suppression decreased tumor growth in esophageal cancer xenografts and lung metastases in nude mice. At the molecular level, knockdown of PKCι in suspended ESCC cells caused a decrease in S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) that had been reported to promote resistance to anoikis via the PI3K/AKT pathway. AKT phosphorylation was abolished after PKCι suppression, but AKT activation could be refreshed by PKCι upregulation, suggesting that PKCι enhanced cell resistance to anoikis via the PKCι-SKP2-PI3K/AKT pathway. Addition of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented the decrease of SKP2 in PKCι silenced cells, and polyubiquitin-SKP2 was elevated after PKCι depletion, showing that PKCι might regulate the expression of SKP2 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in suspended cells. Furthermore, overexpression of SKP2 in PKCι-downregulated cells restored cell resistance to anoikis. Most importantly, PKCι expression significantly correlated with SKP2 in 133 ESCC tissues (P = 0.031). Taken together, our data show that PKCι promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis of human esophageal cancer and that SKP2 is a candidate downstream effector of PKCι signaling in ESCC.	esophagus
Long-term outcomes of late course accelerated hyper-fractionated radiotherapy for localized esophageal carcinoma in Mainland China: a meta-analysis.	Published data on the long-term survival results of patients with localized esophageal carcinoma receiving late course accelerated hyper-fractionated radiotherapy (LCAF RT) versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CF RT) are inconclusive. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the both treatment-regimes, a meta-analysis based on systematic review of published articles was performed. A meta-analysis was performed using trials identified through Pubmed and Chinese national knowledge infrastructure. Results in 5-year survival and 5-year local control were collected from randomized trials comparing LCAF RT with CF RT. Review Manager (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, England) and Stata software (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) were used for data management. A total of 11 trials were involved in this analysis with 572 cases and 567 controls. Our results showed that LCAF RT, compared with CF RT, significantly improved the 5-year survival (odds ratio [OR]= 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15-4.00, P < 0.00001) and 5-year local control (OR = 3.96, 95% CI: 2.91-5.38, P < 0.00001). LCAF RT was more therapeutically beneficial than CF RT in the localized esophageal carcinoma.	esophagus
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus presenting as choroidal metastasis.	Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is an exceedingly rare cause of choroidal metastasis. We report the case of a 48-year-old Caucasian male with a 2-month history of decreased vision and dysphagia. Ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral choroidal masses and an exudative retinal detachment in the left eye. Gastroduodenoscopy revealed a circumferential mass in the distal esophagus at 30 cm extending into and involving the gastroesophageal junction. Endoscopic biopsy disclosed an invasive, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Systemic workup revealed widespread metastatic changes in the pericardium, liver, and left adrenal gland, and a right pleural effusion. The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, and he passed away 40 days after initial presentation. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of choroidal metastasis as the initial manifestation of esophageal adenocarcinoma.	esophagus
Lugol chromo-endoscopy versus narrow band imaging for endoscopic screening of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in patients with a history of cured esophageal cancer: a feasibility study.	To date, Lugol chromo-endoscopy is the reference technique to detect an esophageal neoplasia in patients with prior esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), but is not easy to perform without general anesthesia, which can limit its use in routine practice. The objective of this study were to compare the accuracy of white light, narrow band imaging (NBI), and Lugol to detect esophageal neoplasia in patients with a history of cured ESCC, in a prospective study. Thirty patients were prospectively included between June 2006 and June 2009. They all had a history of cured ESCC. Esophageal mucosa was examined first using white light, second NBI, and third after Lugol staining. Histology was obtained in all abnormalities detected by white light, NBI, and/or Lugol. Five neoplastic lesions in five different patients were identified at histology, four cancers, and one high-grade dysplasia. NBI and Lugol both detected all esophageal neoplastic lesions, whereas white light detected the four cancers but missed the high-grade dysplasia. In this feasibility study, NBI and Lugol both detected all identified esophageal neoplasia in very high-risk patients of ESCC. This result suggests that NBI could be used instead of Lugol to detect an esophageal neoplasia in patients with high risk of ESCC, but needs to be confirmed in a larger study.	esophagus
Global epidemiology of Barrett's esophagus.	Barrett's esophagus (BE) is defined as a metaplastic change of the distal esophageal epithelium from squamous to columnar type epithelium with the presence of intestinal metaplasia. There is a striking geographic variation in the prevalence rates of BE. Most epidemiological data on BE are derived from patients undergoing endoscopy and do not reflect prevalence rates in the general population. BE is much more common in the West when compared with Asia and Africa. Although BE is less common in Asia, the demographics are similar to the West, being predominantly found in older men with longer duration of reflux symptoms. Some studies from the West have suggested an increase in prevalence rates of BE. An increase in prevalence rates will have significant implications for health resource utilization and costs, due to the small but significant risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic surveillance with the aim of detecting early lesions has been advocated. Compared with conventional white-light endoscopy with blind four-quadrant biopsies, the use of image-enhanced endoscopy, including chromoendoscopy, may improve detection of subtle mucosal irregularities and facilitate targeted biopsies. However, a truly cost-effective surveillance strategy remains to be determined.	esophagus
The factor structure of the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire in a population of oesophageal cancer survivors.	OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the proposed seven-factor structure of the Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised (Timeline Acute/Chronic, Timeline Cyclical, Consequences, Personal Control, Treatment Control, Illness Coherence and Emotional Representations) is appropriate among a population of oesophageal cancer survivors. METHODS: Everyone registered with the Oesophageal Patients' Association in the UK (n = 2185) was mailed a questionnaire booklet, which included the Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised. Responses from 587 oesophageal cancer survivors (27%) were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: The proposed seven-factor structure provided a reasonable fit of the data. Modification indices suggested that a significantly better fit could be provided if one of the items on the Timeline Acute/Chronic factor loaded on the Treatment Control factor and an error covariance was added between two other items on the Timeline Acute/Chronic factor. CONCLUSIONS: The model fit for the seven-factor structure proposed by Moss-Morris et al. (Psychol Health 2002;17:1–16) was found to be adequate in our study. However, the structure of the timeline acute/chronic factor needs to be considered, particularly when the IPQ-R is to be used among older people with a potentially life-threatening illness or those receiving palliative care.	esophagus
Malignant characteristics of circulating tumor cells and corresponding primary tumor in a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma before and after surgery.	We report the malignant characteristics of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the corresponding molecular features of the primary tumor in a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A 70-year-old male patient was diagnosed with TNM stage T3N0M0 ESCC. Before surgery, seven intact CTCs and 12 CTCs with a fragmented membrane were detected in 7.5 mL of peripheral blood by immunofluorescence staining. One week after radical resection of the primary tumor, four CTCs were identified in 7.5ml peripheral blood. All CTCs were confirmed as having a malignant phenotype by chromosomal analysis and routine cell staining. Ninety percent of the CTCs were found to have polysomic chromosomes 8 and 20 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that all of the primary tumor cells detected were cytokeratin8/18/19 (CK8/18/19)-positive, but only 1% were CD133-positive. The serum CA19-9 and CEA level were normal in the process of diseases. The patient died 6 months after surgery as a result of lung metastases and other complications. The results of this study suggest that the dynamics and malignant characteristics of both CTCs and the corresponding primary tumor during the disease process may predict tumor burden and the risk of relapse and metastasis.	esophagus
[Tuberculous pleuritis with onset of refractory pleural effusion after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer].	A 75-year-old man received chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage IVa esophageal cancer and complete response (CR) was obtained. However, he was referred to our department for recurrence in an area of esophagus not included in the previously irradiated field. Left pleural effusion increased after admission. Tuberculous pleuritis was eventually diagnosed by thoracoscopic pleural biopsy. It is necessary to accurately diagnose the cause of pleural effusion after CRT, because treatment strategies greatly depend on it. It is also necessary to consider the possible onset of tuberculous pleuritis, in particular, in patients with a history of tuberculosis infection.	esophagus
[Clinical observation on effect of shaogen decoction for the prevention and treatment of acute radiation esophagitis].	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Shaogen Decoction (SGD) for the prevention and treatment of acute radiation esophagitis (ARE). METHODS: Sixty patients with breast tumor receiving chemo/radiotherapy were assigned to two groups, the SGD group and the control group. The patients in the SGD group were administered with SGD, a Chinese preparation consisted of Radix Sophorae tonkinensis 10 g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 30 g, Radix Scrophulariae 15 g, Rhizoma Bletillae 15 g, Radix Notoginseng 3 g, etc., starting from the initial day of radiotherapy, 10 mL, thrice a day, while in case of 2nd or over 2nd grade ARE occurred, it was changed to 10 mL, every 2 h, medicated by keeping in mouth and slowly swallowed followed with 5-min forbiddance of food and water. The patients in the control group were treated, in case of 2nd or over 2nd grade ARE occurred, with antibiotic drugs (such as cefuroxime 4.5 g) and hormone (dexamethasone 5 mg) by intravenous infusion for 7 days. The incidence, happening time, and retaining time of ARE, therapeutic effect on it, as well as the proportion of patients for whom antibiotics and hormone were used in the two groups were observed. RESULTS: The incidence of 2nd or over 2nd grade ARE in the SGD group and the control group was 33.33% and 63.33%, respectively, that in the former was significantly lower (chi2 = 5.406, P<0.05). Different degrees of acute esophageal toxic response occurred in both groups, initially presenting at 19.8 +/- 7.4 days in the SGD group and at 20.2 +/- 9.6 days in the control group after radiotherapy, that was delayed in the former (t=2.130, P<0.05). Clinical symptom of ARE retained for 56.4 +/- 19.5 days and 58.2 +/- 15.0 days in the two groups, respectively, it was shorter in the SGD groups (t=2.441, P<0.05). Moreover, the proportion of patients for whom antibiotics and hormone were used in the SGD group was less. CONCLUSION: SGD acted, in coordinating with chemo-radiotherapy, to reduce the incidence, retard the happening and shorten the retaining time of 2nd or over 2nd grade ARE, and reduce the proportion of patients needing antibiotics and hormone treatment as well, showing equivalent efficacy in treating ARE as Western drugs.	esophagus
[Inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of silencing S100A4 gene on the growth of transplanted tumor of human esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells in nude mice].	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of S100A4siRNA on tumor growth of xenografted human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line EC1 in nude mice and explore its related molecular mechanism. METHODS: The xenografted tumor model was established in nude mice, and S100A4siRNA chemically synthesized was used to transfect the xenografted nude mice. The tumor growth was observed. The mRNA and protein expressions of S100A4, MMP-2 and E-cadherin in tumor after transfection with S100A4siRNA were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The tumor volume of S100A4siRNA transfection group was lower than that of nonsense siRNA transfection group and blank control group (P < 0.05), and tumor inhibitive ratio of S100A4siRNA group was higher than that of nonsense siRNA transfection group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expressions of S100A4, MMP-2 in S100A4siRNA group were lower than those in nonsense siRNA group and control group (P < 0.05), the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin in S100A4siRNA group were higher than those in nonsense siRNA group and control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: S100A4siRNA could effectively lead to growth inhibition of xenografted human esophageal tumor in nude mice, with down regulation of MMP-2 and up regulation of E-cadherin, which provides theoretical basis for molecular therapy of ESCC.	esophagus
Diagnosis of the extent of advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers by narrow band imaging with magnifying endoscopy.	OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Narrow band imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) is useful for the detection of superficial cancer in the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus. We used NBI-ME to evaluate the frequency of superficial cancer spread (SCS) contiguous with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers and esophageal cancers. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 45 patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and 44 with esophageal cancer who underwent NBI-ME from October 2006 through April 2009. The following variables were evaluated: 1) the frequency of SCS contiguous with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and esophageal cancer, and 2) the influence of SCS contiguous with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer on clinical T category and clinical stage. RESULTS: SCS contiguous with the primary tumor was found in 49% (22/45) of the patients with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and in 52% (23/44) of those with advanced esophageal cancer. When SCS contiguous with the primary tumor was included in the evaluation of tumor size in advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, the clinical T category and clinical stage were revised in 20% (9/45) and 4% (2/45) of patients, respectively; SCS was ≤ 2 cm in 64% of cases (14/22) and between >2 cm and ≤ 4 cm in 36% (8/22). CONCLUSIONS: NBI-ME should be included in the pretreatment diagnostic work-up to evaluate lesion extent and decide optimal surgical margins and radiation fields in patients with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.	esophagus
Minimally invasive oesophagectomy: current status and future direction.	BACKGROUND: Oesophagectomy is one of the most challenging surgeries. Potential for morbidity and mortality is high. Minimally invasive techniques have been introduced in an attempt to reduce postoperative complications and recovery times. Debate continues over whether these techniques are beneficial to morbidity and whether oncological resection is compromised. This review article will analyse the different techniques employed in minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) and critically evaluate commonly reported outcome measures from the available literature. METHODS: Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Current Contents, and PubMed databases were used to search English language articles published on MIO. Thirty-one articles underwent thorough analysis and the data were tabulated where appropriate. To date, only level III evidence exists. Where appropriate, comparisons are made with a meta-analysis on open oesophagectomy. RESULTS: Positive aspects of MIO include at least comparable postoperative recovery data and oncological resection measures to open surgery. Intensive care unit requirements are lower, as is duration of inpatient stay. Respiratory morbidity varies. Negative aspects include increased technical skill of the surgeon and increased equipment requirements, increased operative time and limitation with respect to local advancement of cancer. With increasing individual experience, improvements in outcome measures and the amenability of this approach to increasing neoplastic advancement has been shown. CONCLUSION: MIO has outcome measures at least as comparable to open oesophagectomy in the setting of benign and nonlocally advanced cancer. Transthoracic oesophagectomy provides superior exposure to the thoracic oesophagus compared to the transhiatal approach and is currently preferred. No multicentre randomised controlled trials exist or are likely to come into fruition. As with all surgery, careful patient selection is required for optimal results from MIO.	esophagus