crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Portuguese Version of the EORTC QLQ-OES18 and QLQ-OG25 for Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment.	INTRODUCTION: Health-related quality of life assessment is increasingly important as it can help both clinical research and care for patients, particularly among oncological patients. Quality of Life Questionnaire - OES18 (esophageal module) and Quality of Life Questionnaire - OG25 (esophagogastric module) are the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer modules for the evaluation of quality of life in patients with esophageal and esophagogastric cancers, respectively. The aim of our study was to translate, to culturally adapt and to perform a pilot testing to create the Portuguese version of both questionnaires. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer guidelines were followed for translation, cultural adaptation and pilot testing of Quality of Life Questionnaire - OES18 (esophageal module) and Quality of Life Questionnaire - OG25 (esophagogastric module). The Quality of Life Questionnaire - OG25 (esophagogastric module) went through a process of forward (English → Portuguese) and backward (Portuguese → English) translation, by independent native speaker translators. After review, a preliminary version was created to be pilot tested among Portuguese patients. As a Brazilian version was already available for Quality of Life Questionnaire - OES18 (esophageal module), the questionnaire was simply culturally adapted and pilot tested. Both cancer and non-cancer patients were included. RESULTS: Overall, 30 patients completed the Portuguese version of each questionnaire. Afterwards, a structured interview was conducted to find and report any problematic items. Troublesome items and wording were changed according to the pilot testing results. The final versions were sent to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group and approved. CONCLUSION: The Portuguese versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - OES18 (esophageal module) and OG25 (esophagogastric module) questionnaires are useful, reliable and valid tools for measuring health-related quality of life in patients with esophageal and esophagogastric cancers, respectively. They can now be used in clinical setting and for scientific purposes.	esophagus
DEC2 expression antagonizes cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1) and differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene 2 (DEC2) belong to the Hairy/Enhancer of Split subfamily of basic helix‑loop‑helix factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that DEC proteins are involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, response to hypoxia, and tumorigenesis. However, the roles of DEC1 and DEC2 in apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma remain unclear. In the present study, alterations in expression of apoptosis‑related markers in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma TE‑11 cells treated with cisplatin were examined by western blot, while overall cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by MTS assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. Following cisplatin treatment, expression of DEC2 was downregulated, whereas expression of DEC1 was upregulated. DEC2 overexpression during cisplatin treatment markedly inhibited expression of the pro‑apoptotic factor Bim and slightly increased the anti‑apoptotic factor Bcl‑xL. However, overexpression of DEC1 during cisplatin treatment failed to affect expression of these markers. Additionally, overexpression of DEC2 improved cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin. These results suggested that DEC2 exhibits anti‑apoptotic effects in TE‑11 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Inhibiting DEC2 may therefore have therapeutic potential for the treatment of esophageal cancer, in combination with cisplatin.	esophagus
Programmed death-1 polymorphisms is associated with risk of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma in the Chinese Han population: A case-control study involving 2,740 subjects.	Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) gene may contribute to the development of cancer. In this study, we selected PD-1 rs10204525 T>C, rs2227982 A>G, rs36084323 T>C and rs7421861 A>G polymorphisms and designed a hospital-based case-control study to determine the potential relationship between these functional SNPs in PD-1 gene and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) risk. A total of 1,063 EGJA patients and 1,677 controls were enrolled from Eastern Chinese Han population. SNPscanTMgenotyping assay was used to analyze the genotyping of PD-1 polymorphisms. We found that PD-1 rs7421861 A>G polymorphism was associated with the development of EGJA. However, PD-1 rs2227982 A>G polymorphism was a protective factor for EGJA. In addition, PD-1 rs36084323 CC homozygote genotype might be associated with a borderline decreased risk of EGJA. In a subgroup analysis, a decreased risk of EGJA in never drinking and never smoking groups was identified. Haplotype comparison analysis suggested that PD-1 Trs10204525Grs2227982C36084323Ars7421861 haplotype significantly decreased the risk of EGJA. However, Trs10204525Grs2227982C36084323Grs7421861 haplotype in PD-1 gene may confer risk to EGJA. In conclusion, our study highlights rs2227982 A>G, rs36084323 T>C and rs7421861 A>G polymorphisms and haplotypes in PD-1 gene, especially within the intron region, are significantly associated with the risk of EGJA. Further case-control studies with larger sample size and detailed gene-environmental data to replicate these findings in different populations are needed to validate our conclusion.	esophagus
Survival comparison between radical surgery and definitive chemoradiation in 267 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in a single institution: A propensity-matched study.	OBJECTIVE: To compare radical surgery with definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using propensity score (PS) matching at our single institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 386 consecutive, surgically treated and 243 CRT-treated cases between 2001 and 2014 were analyzed. PS was calculated using multivariable analysis (logistic regression) for pairs of variables such as treatment time, age, sex, primary tumor location, clinical stage, and clinical T- and N-stage for patients after excluding clinical T4 and M1 cases. According to PS, 133 surgically-treated and 134 CRT-treated cases were selected randomly by software. RESULTS: The patients' median age was 68 years in the CRT group and 71 years in the surgery group. Clinical stage II-III, T3, N0 (according to the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer-2009), and upper plus middle thoracic esophageal disease were seen in 68%, 44%, 54%, and 59%, respectively, in the CRT group and 64%, 47%, 55%, and 64%, respectively, in the surgery group. The 3- and 5-year overall survival was 47.1% and 34.0% in the CRT group and 68.3% and 54.4% in the surgery group (p = 0.0019). The 3- and 5-year progression-free survival was 45.3% and 38.8% in the CRT group and 61.1% and 54.4% in the surgery group (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: CRT may be inferior to surgery in survival, although a selection bias for patients selected for a non-operative approach cannot be excluded, especially since surgery is the standard of care at this institution. A prospective randomized clinical trial will be necessary to draw a definite conclusion.	esophagus
Phase I Study of Definitive Radio-chemotherapy with Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil and Cetuximab for Unresectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer.	BACKGROUND/AIM: Prognoses of patients receiving radio-chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin for unresectable esophageal cancer may be improved with the addition of cetuximab. This phase I study aimed to define the maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU when combined with cisplatin, cetuximab and radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Treatment included 59.4 Gy of radiotherapy concurrently with two courses of cisplatin (20 mg/m(2), d1-4) and 5-FU (dose level 0: 500 mg/m(2), dose level 1: 750 mg/m(2), d1-4; dose level 2: 1,000 mg/m(2), d1-4), followed by two courses of chemotherapy. Cetuximab was given for 14 weeks (400 mg/m(2) loading dose followed by 250 mg/m(2) weekly). RESULTS: At dose level 1 (n=3) and 2 (n=3), no patient experienced a dose-limiting toxicity. Minor treatment modifications were due to organization or request by physicians/patients. At dose level 2, only five grade 3 adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: Dose level 2 appears safe and is used in a subsequent randomized phase II study.	esophagus
Phase II study of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy with oxaliplatin for locally advanced esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: We investigated preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with oxaliplatin for locally advanced, potentially operative esophageal cancer in this Phase II study. METHODS: Between October 2009 and October 2011, 35 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer clinical stage T3-4, N0-1, M0 were enrolled into this study. One dose of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin (35 mg/m(2)) on Day 1 and Day 2, leucovorin (200 mg/m(2)) on Day 1, and 5-fluorouracil [5-FU; 2400 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) administered continuously for 48 hours] on Day 1 was administered 2 weeks before preoperative CCRT. During preoperative CCRT, radiation dose of 4500 cGy in 25 fractions was administered to the clinical target volume and 5000 cGy to 5040 cGy in 25 fractions was administered to the gross tumor volume; chemotherapy is administered concomitantly with oxaliplatin (45 mg/m(2)) on Day 1 of radiation therapy (R/T) every 14 days; 5-FU (400 mg/m(2) i.v. bolus for 1 hour) for 5 days on Weeks 1 and 5 of R/T. Operation was performed 4-6 weeks after preoperative CCRT. Acute toxicity profile, overall survival rate, disease-free survival rate, distant metastasis failure-free survival rate, and local recurrence rate were evaluated. RESULTS: Four patients withdrew from the study. The total number of patients in this analysis was 31. The resection rate was 64.5%. The pathologic complete response rate was 15%. The overall median survival was 19.3 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 37.8%. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 31.1%. The 5-year distant metastasis failure-free survival rate was 40.7% (50.56% for patients with operation; 27.2% for patients without operation, p=0.0298). The acute toxicities were mild, and no Grade 3 or above hematologic toxicity was noted. There was only one patient with Grade 3 esophagus toxicity. Grade 3 lung toxicity occurred in only three patients. CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy with oxaliplatin in the treatment of locally advanced, potentially resectable esophageal cancer is feasible and safe.	esophagus
Diabetes mellitus and risk of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	Diabetes mellitus has the probability to impair the anastomotic healing and cause postesophagectomy anastomotic leakages but previous studies showed controversial results. This review aims to summary the impact of diabetes mellitus on the risk of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases to recognize English articles that met our eligibility criteria. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval serves as the appropriate summarized statistic. Sensitivity analysis, meta-regression analysis, and publication bias tests were also performed to perceive potential bias risks. Finally, 16 observational studies with 12359 surgical patients were included. An overall analysis identified that diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with the risk of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy (odds ratio = 1.63; 95% confidence interval = 1.25-2.12; P < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis showed a significant impact of diabetes mellitus in surgical populations from the Europe and America (odds ratio = 1.42; 95% confidence interval = 1.22-1.65; P < 0.001) but not in the Asian populations (odds ratio = 2.27; 95% confidence interval = 0.86-6.05; P = 0.1). The robustness of these estimates was confirmed by meta-regression analysis and sensitivity analysis. No significant publication bias exists between studies. In conclusion, this systematic review demonstrates that diabetes mellitus can be a significant risk factor of anastomotic leakage for patients undergoing esophagectomy. Our findings need to be further confirmed and modified by more well-designed worldwide multivariable analyses in the future.	esophagus
CEACAM 6, a novel marker for the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus.	Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition associated with the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Despite the low risk of progression to EAC, evidence highlights the notably poor survival rates of this malignancy. The mainstay form of diagnosis of BE is endoscopy and biopsy sampling. However, research emphasizes limitations with regards to the histological detection of BE and associated dysplasia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of CEACAM6 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of BE and beyond. Retrospective tissue samples were obtained from columnar lined esophagus without goblet cells (n = 27), BE (n = 18), BE associated dysplasia (n = 16), and EAC (n = 24). Standardized immunohistochemistry for CEACAM6 was performed followed by quantitative staining analysis. Statistical analysis across the BE spectrum for CEACAM6 was undertaken and a P value <0.05 was considered significant. CEACAM6 expression increased from columnar lined epithelium (CLE) to BE with a subsequent decrease to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. The expression of CEACAM6 was significant from CLE to BE at p 0.001, CLE to dysplasia at p 0.001, BE to dysplasia at p 0.006, CLE to adenocarcinoma at p 0.001 and BE to adenocarcinoma at p 0.001. There was no significant difference in expression between dysplasia and adenocarcinoma (P = 0.15). Our findings highlight the increasing expression of CEACAM6 from CLE to BE with a subsequent decrease to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. In view of this, we advocate the utilization of this marker for the enhanced diagnosis of BE and for the distinction of BE and dysplasia.	esophagus
Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemoradiation for stage II-III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a single institution experience.	Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in China and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent histologic type. Many clinical trials have explored the value of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in potentially resectable ESCC; however, these studies have produced conflicting results. This retrospective study was performed to investigate whether patients with resectable stage II/III ESCC should receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy in addition to surgery. A review of stage II/III thoracic ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy and either neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiation was performed. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin 75 mg/m2 divided into 3 days and fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5. The patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy were treated with one cycle of chemotherapy concurrently with radiotherapy (40 Gy in 20 fractions, 5 days/week), and those receiving adjuvant therapy were treated with two cycles of chemotherapy concurrently with radiotherapy (46-50 Gy in 23-25 fractions, 5 days/week). A total of 122 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 49 underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and 73 underwent adjuvant chemoradiation. Median follow up was 36.5 months. The median survival times and 3, 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups were 39.3 versus 31.5 months, and 53.0%, 45.7% versus 42.9%, 29.7%, respectively (P = 0.091). For the patients with stage III ESCC, the median survival times and 5-year OS rates for the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups were 39.3 versus 21.3 months, and 43.4% versus 21.0%, respectively (P = 0.021). Among lymph node-positive patients, the median survival times and 5-year OS rates for the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups were 55.6 versus 23.7 months, and 43.0% versus 25.7%, respectively (P = 0.085). The incidence of perioperative and postoperative complications was comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). For patients with resectable stage II/III ESCC, neoadjuvant chemoradiation does not increase postoperative complications and is associated with a trend toward better OS when compared to adjuvant chemoradiation.	esophagus
Alteration in the expression of MGMT and RUNX3 due to non-CpG promoter methylation and their correlation with different risk factors in esophageal cancer patients.	Promoter methylation reflects in the inactivation of different genes like O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase DNA repair gene and runt-related transcription factor 3, a known tumor suppressor gene in various cancers such as esophageal cancer. The promoter methylation was evaluated for O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 in CpG, CHH, and CHG context (where H is A, T, or C) by next-generation sequencing. The methylation status was correlated with quantitative messenger RNA expression. In addition, messenger RNA expression was correlated with different risk factors like tobacco, alcohol, betel nut consumption, and smoking habit. CpG methylation of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter had a positive association in the development of esophageal cancer (p < 0.05), whereas runt-related transcription factor 3 promoter methylation showed no significant association (p = 1.0) to develop esophageal cancer. However, the non-CpG methylation, CHH, and CHG were significantly correlated with O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (p < 0.05) and runt-related transcription factor 3 (p < 0.05) promoters in the development of esophageal cancer. The number of cytosine converted to thymine (C→T) in O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter showed a significant correlation between cases and controls (p < 0.05), but in runt-related transcription factor 3 no such significant correlation was observed. Besides, messenger RNA expression was found to be significantly correlated with promoter hypermethylation of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 in the context of CHG and CHH (p < 0.05). The CpG hypermethylation in O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase showed positive (p < 0.05) association, whereas in runt-related transcription factor 3, it showed contrasting negative association (p = 0.23) with their messenger RNA expression. Tobacco, betel nut consumption, and smoking habits were associated with altered messenger RNA expression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (p < 0.05) and betel nut consumption and smoking habits were associated with runt-related transcription factor 3 (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between messenger RNA expression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 with alcohol consumption (p = 0.32 and p = 0.15). In conclusion, our results suggest that an aberrant messenger RNA expression may be the outcome of CpG, CHG, and CHH methylation in O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, whereas outcome of CHG and CHH methylation in runt-related transcription factor 3 promoters along with risk factors such as consumption of tobacco, betel nut, and smoking habits in esophageal cancer from Northeast India.	esophagus
Superior Thoracic Aperture Size is Significantly Associated with Cervical Anastomotic Leakage After Esophagectomy.	BACKGROUND: The size of the superior thoracic aperture (STA) may be associated with the incidence of cervical anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. Using computed tomography (CT) images, we retrospectively investigated relationships between the size of the STA and anastomotic leakage following esophagectomy using the retrosternal or posterior mediastinal reconstruction routes. METHODS: Patients who underwent cervical esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy between 2009 and 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective study (n = 326). The size of the STA was measured at the level of the sternal notch using preoperative CT images, and it was determined as the anteroposterior diameter of the STA minus the diameter of the trachea. Associations between clinical factors, including the size of the STA, and anastomotic leakage were determined. RESULTS: Anastomotic leakage occurred in 44 patients (13.5%). The size of the STA ranged from 0 to 49 mm (median, 16 mm). In univariate analyses, the duration of the operation, tumor location, anastomotic procedure, and the size of the STA were significantly associated with anastomotic leakage. In multivariate analysis, only the size of the STA was independently related to leakage (odds ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 1.002-1.107; p = 0.027). The size of the STA affected the incidence of leakage more frequently with the posterior mediastinal route than with the retrosternal route. CONCLUSIONS: The size of the STA was significantly associated with the incidence of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy, especially when using the posterior mediastinal route.	esophagus
Genome-wide screening of DNA methylation associated with lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Lymph node metastasis (LNM) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is well-known to be an early event associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. Recently, tumor-specific aberrant DNA methylation of CpG islands around the promoter regions of tumor-related genes has been investigated as a possible biomarker for use in early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. However, there are few DNA methylation markers able to predict the presence of LNM in ESCC. To identify DNA methylation markers associated with LNM of ESCC, we performed a genome-wide screening of DNA methylation status in a discovery cohort of 67 primary ESCC tissues and their paired normal esophageal tissues using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. In this screening, we focused on differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that were associated with LNM of ESCC, as prime candidates for DNA methylation markers. We extracted three genes, HOXB2, SLC15A3, and SEPT9, as candidates predicting LNM of ESCC, using pyrosequencing and several statistical analyses in the discovery cohort. We confirmed that HOXB2 and SEPT9 were highly methylated in LNM-positive tumors in 59 ESCC validation samples. These results suggested that HOXB2 and SEPT9 may be useful epigenetic biomarkers for the prediction of the presence of LNM in ESCC.	esophagus