crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with stage III esophageal carcinoma: a single-center experience from Turkey.	Esophageal carcinoma is an extremely deadly disease, and prognosis is poor. We retrospectively evaluated stage III esophageal carcinoma patients in our center. Median age of the patients was 52. Men to women ratio were 3/1. Epidermoid carcinoma was the major histology. Incidence of esophageal carcinoma was higher in the distal and middle third of the esophagus. In 19 patients tumor size was more than 5 cm. In total of 17 of the patients were operated. About 58 patients were irradiated. About 45 of the patients were irradiated with curative intent, 31 of them were primarily irradiated and 14 of them were irradiated postoperatively. Only 13 of the patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Overall 1, 2, 3, and 4 year survival rates were 38.9%, 11.1%, 5.6%, and %1.9, respectively and median survival was 12 months. Median survival for tumors located in cervical esophageal, middle esophagus, and distal esophagus were 23, 8, and 14 months, respectively. One, 2, 3, 4 year survival rates of operated patients were 58.8%, 29.4%, 17.6%, 5.9%, respectively and median survival was 23 months. For inoperable patients 1 and 2 year survival rates were 29.7% and 2.7% and median survival was 8 months. Differences between operable and inoperable patients were statistically significant (P: 0.0003). One, 2, 3, 4 years survival results of patients treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy was 62.5%, 25%, 12.5%, 12.5% and median survival was 21 months, 1, 2, 3, 4 years survival results of patients treated with surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy was 55.6%, 33.3%, 22.2%, and 0% and median survival was 27 months. There was no statistically significant difference between groups (P: 0.5390). During the therapy, disphagia was the major side effect observed in seven patients. Fatigue, pain, and mild weight loss were the other side effects. Three patients could not tolerate the treatment and left the therapy. We demonstrated that stage III esophageal carcinoma is an extremely deadly disease, and in spite of major advances in cancer treatment, prognosis is still poor.	esophagus
Methylation of TIMP3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	AIM: To measure the frequency of DNA methylation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) promoter and relate this to any change of gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients from a region of high incidence in China. METHODS: Cancer cell lines were treated with or without the demethylating reagent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Methylation of the TIMP3 promoter was assessed in three regions by melt curve analysis and its expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Tumors and proximal resection margins were obtained from 64 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from a region of high incidence in China. Methylation was assessed by melt curve analysis and expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Methylation in one of the three promoter regions assessed correlated with gene silencing in esophageal cell lines. A degree of methylation of TIMP3 was found in only four esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and partial loss of TIMP3 protein expression in just one. CONCLUSION: Methylation and loss of expression of TIMP3 occurs infrequently in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a region of high incidence in China.	esophagus
[Inhibitory effect of IL-27 gene on tumor formation activity of Eca109 cells in nude mice and its mechanisms].	BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Cytokine-based biotherapy is a hot spot in tumor research. This study was to explore the inhibitory effect of interleukin-27 (IL-27) on tumor formation activity of human esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca109 in nude mice, and investigate its antitumor mechanisms. METHODS: IL-27 gene was transfected into Eca109 cells with retrovirus vector and stable clones were selected by G418. The expression of IL-27 gene was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The secretion of IL-27 from Eca109/IL-27 cells and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected by ELISA. Cell proliferation in vitro was assessed by MTT assay. Eca109/IL-27, Eca109/LXSN and Eca109 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to observe the growth of transplanted tumors. The expression of CD16 and FasL in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and the expression of Fas in tumor cells were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: IL-27p28 and IL-27EBI3 were expressed in Eca109/IL-27 cells, but not in Eca109/LXSN and Eca109 cells (P<0.01). IL-27 secretion was significantly higher in Eca109/IL-27 cells than in Eca109/LXSN and Eca109 cells (P<0.01). The proliferation rates of the 3 cell lines were similar (P> 0.05). IFN-gamma secretion was significantly higher in Eca109/IL-27 cell-stimulated PBMCs than in Eca109/LXSN cell-and Eca109 cell-stimulated PBMCs [(56.28+/-1.61) pg/mL vs. (12.70+/-0.82) pg/mL and (11.06+/-0.64) pg/mL, P<0.01]. As compared with those in Eca109 and Eca109/LXSN groups, the tumor growth in nude mice was significantly slower in Eca109/IL-27 group (P<0.05), the expression of CD16 and FasL in TIL and the expression of Fas in tumor cells were up-regulated in Eca109/IL-27 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-27 gene may inhibit the tumor formation activity of Eca109 cells in nude mouse by activating natural killer (NK) cells through Fas/FasL pathway.	esophagus
[Esophageal cancer in Hospital Rebagliati: experience of esophagus-stomach service 3 C-II].	OBJECTIVES: Establishing the clinical pathological characteristics of cancer of the esophagus of an insured population in our environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study , we studied 28 clinical histories of patients with a diagnosis of esophagus Cancer, who had been surgically treated at the Rebagliati Hospital, Service of Surgery 3C II, Lima-Perú from September 2002 to December 2005. Data were collected regarding : age ,gender, presentation symptoms , anatomic location of the tumor, regional lymphatic metastasis (N), distance metastasis (M), TNM staging, resecability, complications, mortality and histological type. RESULTS: According to age 64.5% (18/28 ) were more of the sixty years old and the 75% (21/28) were male. Distribution according to anatomic locations : 10.7% (3/28) were located at the esophagus cervical, 17.9% (5/28) in the upper esophagus chest, 35.7% (10/28) in the middle esophagus chest, 14.3% (4/28) in the lower esophagus chest and the 21.4% (6/28) in the abdominal esophagus. Excisions were performed on 57.1% ( 16/28), in 68.8% (11/16) of the excised patients the adventicia was affected, in 68.8% (11/16) the lymph node were affected. The mortality was 12.5% (2/16) and early complications were 81.3% (13/16). The histological type was epidermoid in 78.6% ( 22/28). CONCLUSIONS: At our Hospital there seems to be an increase in the frequency of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, but the type more frecuently is epidermoid.	esophagus
Lymph node metastases of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is becoming an increasingly important problem. It has been the most rapidly increasing malignancy in western countries in the last decades, and its prognosis is poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between tumor invasion depth and lymph node metastasis for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction, and to analyze the impact of lymph node metastases on survival of the patients. METHODS: The study group comprised 121 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction, who underwent esophagectomy between January 1985 and December 2003 at either the Royal Adelaide Hospital or the Flinders Medical Center, Australia. Overall, there were 101 males and 20 females, with a mean age at surgery of 62 years (range 36 - 80). All of them were followed up for 6 months to 13 years (mean, 6.5 years). The relationship between tumor invasion depth and lymph node metastasis, as well as between survival and lymph node metastasis in these patients were analyzed by Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The tumors were located entirely within the esophagus in 83 patients, and involved the gastro-esophageal junction in 38. The overall resection rate was 96.7% (117/121). When tumor invasion was within mucosa or submucosa of the esophagus (T1), the lymph node metastasis rate was 22.2% (10/45), the mean number of metastatic lymph nodes was 0.3, and the proportion of more than 4 lymph nodes metastases was 0% (0/45). When tumor invaded the adjacent structures of the esophagus (T4), the lymph node metastasis rate was 85.7% (6/7); the mean number of metastatic lymph nodes was 5.1, and the proportion of more than 4 lymph nodes metastases was 71.4% (5/7). There was a significant difference between T1 and T4 (P < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate for patients without lymph node metastasis was 52.9%, for those with 1 - 4 nodes involved was 11.5%, and for patients with more than 4 positive nodes was 0.0% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There is a close association between tumor invasion depth and lymph node metastasis for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Both the number and rate of lymph node metastasis are significantly correlated to the depth of tumor invasion. Moreover, when the tumor invades deeper into the esophageal wall, the percentage of patients with more than 4 involved nodes increases. Both the lymph node status and the number of metastatic nodes are important prognostic factors for the disease.	esophagus
Up-regulated manganese superoxide dismutase expression increases apoptosis resistance in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. In order to identify the proteins associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), we analyzed the protein profiles of ESCC cases with tumor and matched adjacent normal tissues. METHODS: Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was carried out to analyze the protein profiles. Dysregulated protein spots were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) and verified by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IT MS). RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray were performed to confirm the gene dysregulation in esophageal cancerous tissues. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to knock down the gene expression in ESCC cell lines. Apoptosis assay with annexin V-FITC/PI staining was conducted and cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: 2-DE showed that two protein spots with approximate molecular weights and different pI were elevated in 12 out of 18 ESCCs as compared to the corresponding normal tissues. Both the two spots were identified as MnSOD by MALDI-TOF and were verified by LC-ESI-IT MS. MnSOD overexpression was detected in 14 tumors out of 24 cases by RT-PCR and 52 tumors out of 116 cases by immunohistochemistry comparing to normal epithelia. siRNA-mediated silencing of MnSOD in KYSE450 and KYSE150 cell lines revealed that MnSOD protected ESCC cells from apoptosis induced by ultraviolet (UV) and doxorubicin (DOX). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there existed two isoforms of MnSOD protein in normal and tumor esophageal tissues. MnSOD was overexpressed in ESCC and its up-regulation in esophageal cancer cells was associated with apoptosis resistance.	esophagus
[Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas with a choriocarcinomatous component: 2 cases and a review of 120 cases in the literature].	Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma with a choriocarcinomatous component (GACC) is an extremely rare and highly malignant human chorionic gonadotrophin-producing neoplasm. The development of this tumour from dedifferentiation or trans-differentiation of adenocarcinomatous cells is the most likely mechanism. 102 of the 120 cases reviewed in the literature presented enough clinicopathological information to be analysed. This tumour can be purely choriocarcinomatous or associated with an adenocarcinoma as in half of the observations. It is usually found in the stomach although it may be found throughout the digestive tract. The diagnosis of GACC should only be retained after having clearly eliminated a metastasis from a choriocarcinoma in particular in the gonads. The prognosis is very poor in particular in the gastric forms of this disease, with death observed within 12 months following diagnosis in 2/3 of the patients. There is no treatment consensus, and it is decided on a case-by-case basis.	esophagus
Quality of life during neoadjuvant treatment and after surgery for resectable esophageal carcinoma.	PURPOSE: Because of the trade-off between the potentially negative quality-of-life (QoL) effects and uncertain favorable survival effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with resectable esophageal cancer, we assessed heath-related QoL (HRQoL) for up to 1 year postoperatively in these patients treated with preoperative CRT with a non-platinum-based outpatient regimen followed by esophagectomy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients undergoing neoadjuvant paclitaxel and carboplatin therapy concurrent with radiotherapy followed by surgery completed standardized HRQoL questionnaires before and after CRT and at regular times up to 1 year postoperatively. We analyzed differences in generic Qol core questionnaire [QLQ-C30] and condition-specific (esophageal site-specific [OES-18]) HRQoL scores over time by using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS: Mean scores of most HRQoL scales deteriorated significantly during neoadjuvant CRT. The largest deterioration was observed for physical and role-functioning scales. All except two symptom scores worsened significantly. Postoperatively, most mean HRQoL scores improved until recovery to baseline level. Speed of improvement varied. Average taste score returned to baseline 3 months postoperatively, whereas it took 1 year for the average role-functioning score to restore. The emotional-functioning score showed a different pattern; it was worst at baseline and increased over time during CRT and postoperatively. Dysphagia and pain scores worsened considerably during CRT, restored to baseline 3 months postoperatively, and were even significantly better 1 year postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative CRT with paclitaxel and carboplatin for patients with resectable esophageal cancer had a considerable temporary negative effect on most aspects of HRQoL. Nonetheless, all HRQoL scores were restored or even improved 1 year postoperatively.	esophagus
Effect of concurrent high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy and conformal radiotherapy on cervical esophageal cancer survival.	PURPOSE: To determine whether a change in treatment policy to conformal, elective nodal radiotherapy and concurrent high-dose cisplatin improved survival for cervical esophageal cancer patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All cervical esophageal cancer patients treated between 1997 and 2005 were restaged (1983 American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria). Patients treated before 2001 (previous cohort [PC]) were compared with those treated from 2001 onward (recent cohort [RC]). The PC institutional chemoradiotherapy protocol was 54 Gy in 20 fractions within 4 weeks, with 5-fluorouracil (1,000 mg/m(2)) on Days 1-4 and either mitomycin C (10 mg/m(2)) or cisplatin (75 mg/m(2)) on Day 1. The RC institutional chemoradiotherapy protocol was conformal radiotherapy, 70 Gy in 35 fractions within 7 weeks, to the primary tumor and elective nodes, with high-dose cisplatin (100 mg/m(2)) on Days 1, 22, and 43. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 3.1 years (PC, 8.1 and RC, 2.3). Of 71 patients (25 women and 46 men), 21 of 29 in the PC and 29 of 42 in the RC were treated curatively (curative subgroup, n = 50). Between the two groups, no differences in overall survival or locoregional relapse-free survival were seen. The overall survival rate at 2 and 5 years was 35% (range, 24-47%) and 21% (range, 12-32%) in the whole group and 46% (range 32-60%) and 28% (range, 15-42%) in the curative group, respectively. In the curative group, no statistically significant prognostic factors were found. Trends toward better locoregional relapse-free survival were seen in women (2-year rate, 73% vs. for men, 36%; p = 0.08) and in patients aged >64 years (2-year rate, 68% vs. age < or =64 years, 34%; p = 0.10). CONCLUSION: No survival improvement could be demonstrated after changing the treatment policy to high-dose cisplatin-based, conventionally fractionated conformal chemoradiotherapy. Female gender and older age might predict for better outcomes.	esophagus
Treatment outcome and recursive partitioning analysis-based prognostic factors in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy.	PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical outcomes and devise a prognostic model for patients with operable esophageal carcinoma who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 269 patients were enrolled into three clinical trials assessing preoperative CRT at our institution. We assessed the significance of the pretreatment and treatment factors with regard to tumor recurrence and long-term survival and used recursive partitioning analysis to create a decision tree. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 31 months for the surviving patients, the median overall survival of all 180 patients in this study was 31.8 months, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 33.9%. The median event-free survival was 24.1 months, and the 5-year event-free survival rate was 29.3%. Of the 180 patients, 129 (71.7%) also underwent esophagectomy, and the perioperative mortality rate was 7.8%. A pathologic complete response was achieved by 58 patients (45%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 57.1% for patients who attained a pathologic complete response and 22.4% for those with gross residual disease (p = 0.0008). Recursive partitioning analysis showed that female patients who achieved a clinical response and underwent esophagectomy had the most favorable prognosis (p <0.0001). Among the patients who underwent esophagectomy, the group with good performance status, clinical Stage II, and a major pathologic response to CRT had the most favorable prognosis (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Although preoperative CRT was generally effective and well-tolerated, an individualized approach is necessary to improve outcomes. Strategies to increase the response and reduce treatment failure should be investigated.	esophagus
Field defects in progression to gastrointestinal tract cancers.	A field of defective tissue may represent a pre-malignant stage in progression to many cancers. However, field defects are often overlooked in studies of cancer progression through assuming tissue at some distance from the cancer is normal. We indicate, however, the generality of field defects in gastrointestinal cancers, including cancers of the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, bile duct, pancreas, small intestine and colon/rectum. Common features of these field defects are reduced apoptosis competence, aberrant proliferation and genomic instability. These features are often associated with high bile acid exposure and may explain the association of dietary-related factors with cancer progression.	esophagus
[Transcription of the KLRB1 gene is suppressed in human cancer tissues].	The KLRB1 gene encodes the CD161 receptor of natural killer cells (NK-cells). The gene is also expressed in the NKT-cells. The two cell types are cytotoxic and capable of recognizing and eliminating various cell species, e.g. tumorous, virus-infected, and allotransplants. The biological function of human CD161 is still insufficiently understood; probably it is involved in regulation of the cytotoxic functions of the cells and in regulation of cytokine production. Because immune system, in particular, the activity of cytotoxic cells, is suppressed in most cancer patients, it was suggested that the KLRB1 expression might be suppressed in cancerous cells. The results of this work demonstrated that the transcription of the KLRB1 was suppressed in tumor tissues in 68% patients with nonsmall-lung-cancer (p < 0.0001) and 57% patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (p = 0.0003). High frequency of the KLRB1 transcription suppression upon cancers makes it possible to use this parameter as a highly informative marker of lung and esophageal cancers.	esophagus
[Minimally invasive surgery based on sentinel node biopsy for gastrointestinal cancer].	Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been found to be highly effective in correctly predicting the nodal status of melanoma and breast cancer patients. Recently, individualized surgical treatments based on the actual metastatic status have been introduced in patients with melanoma and breast cancer. Although several promising results of extensive lymph node dissection have been reported in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, prognostic benefits of extensive surgery are still not validated by prospective randomized trials. Many feasibility studies favoring sentinel node biopsy in various organs have been reported. Although more evidence from large-scale multicenter clinical trials is required, sentinel lymph node mapping might be also widely acceptable for GI cancer.	esophagus
[Minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer].	Minimally invasive surgery is now rapidly developing and becoming a standard surgical option in some fields. In the past, many thoracic surgeons were reluctant to adopt minimally invasive techniques in esophageal cancer surgery due to concern over the oncologic perspectives and technical difficulties. However, over the last few years, thoracic surgeons have progressively embraced the technical advancements and now many experienced centers have adopt minimally invasive surgery as a primary option for non-advanced esophageal cancer operations. In esophageal cancer surgery, the volume of operation performed in some hospital is closely related to the outcome of patients, and the experiences of surgical team play an important role in minimally invasive surgery. Minimally invasive esophageal surgery (MIES) has steep learning curves, also. The merits of MIES are as follows. The conventional esophageal cancer operation has two or triple incisions, resulting in high postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, postoperative complication in MIES became less frequent than conventional surgery. The patient's satisfaction is high. Mid-term outcomes of MIES have been reported that it is safe and feasible in esophageal cancer and survival curves are similar to those of conventional surgery. Therefore, MIES is a valuable therapeutic modality for both esophageal cancer patients and thoracic surgeons.	esophagus