crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and efficiency of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin versus radiotherapy alone for elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Experience of two centers.	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with capecitabine and cisplatin for elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 90 patients were included from two different centers. Forty-nine patients were treated with CCRT consisting of capecitabine (850 mg/m(2) , oral, twice a day for 1-14 days) and cisplatin (20 mg/m(2) ) weekly during radiotherapy (RT). The remaining 41 patients were treated with RT alone. The overall response, overall survival, progression-free survival, and toxicity rates were recorded. RESULTS: Compared to the RT group (51.2%; P = 0.029), the overall response rate in the CCRT group (73.5%) was obviously higher. A complete response was achieved in 34.7% and 14.6% of patients in the CCRT and RT groups, respectively (P = 0.030). Median progression-free and median overall survival rates were significantly higher in the CCRT group (24.7 and 30.6 months; P < 0.05) compared to the RT group (16.6 and 18.7 months). Acute toxic effects were more severe in the CCRT group, but no significant difference in grade 3 or 4 acute toxicities was observed between the groups. CONCLUSION: Both CCRT with capecitabine and cisplatin and RT alone are feasible to treat elderly patients and yield a good performance status with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CCRT improved the tumor response without increasing the side effects compared to RT alone. CCRT is recommended for patients over 65 with good performance status.	esophagus
Visibility of fiducial markers used for image-guided radiation therapy on optical coherence tomography for registration with CT: An esophageal phantom study.	PURPOSE: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is of interest to visualize microscopic esophageal tumor extensions to improve tumor delineation for radiation therapy (RT) planning. Fiducial marker placement is a common method to ensure target localization during planning and treatment. Visualization of these fiducial markers on OCT permits integrating OCT and computed tomography (CT) images used for RT planning via image registration. We studied the visibility of 13 (eight types) commercially available solid and liquid fiducial markers in OCT images at different depths using dedicated esophageal phantoms and evaluated marker placement depth in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed and fabricated dedicated esophageal phantoms, in which three layers mimic the anatomical wall structures of a healthy human esophagus. We successfully implanted 13 commercially available fiducial markers that varied in diameter and material property at depths between 0.5 and 3.0 mm. The resulting esophageal phantoms were imaged with OCT, and marker visibility was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using the contrast-to-background-noise ratio (CNR). The CNR was defined as the difference between the mean intensity of the fiducial markers and the mean intensity of the background divided by the standard deviation of the background intensity. To determine whether, in current clinical practice, the implanted fiducial markers are within the OCT visualization range (up to 3.0 mm depth), we retrospectively measured the distance of 19 fiducial markers to the esophageal lumen on CT scans of 16 esophageal cancer patients. RESULTS: In the esophageal phantoms, all the included fiducial markers were visible on OCT at all investigated depths. Solid fiducial markers were better visible on OCT than liquid fiducial markers with a 1.74-fold higher CNR. Although fiducial marker identification per type and size was slightly easier for superficially implanted fiducial markers, we observed no difference in the ability of OCT to visualize the markers over the investigated depth range. Retrospective distance measurements of 19 fiducial markers on the CT scan of esophageal cancer patients showed that 84% (distance from the closest border of the marker to the lumen) and 53% (distance from the center of the marker to the lumen) of the fiducial markers were located within the OCT visualization range of up to 3.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: We studied the visibility of eight types of commercially available fiducial markers at different depths on OCT using dedicated esophageal phantoms. All tested fiducial markers were visible at depths ≤3.0 mm and most, but not all, clinically implanted markers were at a depth accessible to OCT. Consequently, the use of fiducial markers as a reference for OCT to CT registration is feasible.	esophagus
Immunonutrition before esophagectomy: Impact on immune surveillance mechanisms.	Preoperative oral immunonutrition was demonstrated to improve immune response and to decrease the infection rate in patients with cancer. This study aimed to assess how immunonutrition could influence the immune cell response in the mucosal microenvironment of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Therefore, A prospective cohort of consecutive patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma was enrolled. A subgroup of them was given preoperative oral immunonutrition with Oral Impact® and was compared to those who received no preoperative supplementation. Mucosal samples from healthy esophagus were obtained at esophagectomy. Histology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression analysis, and cytofluorimetry were performed. Markers of activation of antigen-presenting cells (CD80, CD86, and HLA-I), innate immunity (TLR4 and MyD88), and cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration and activation (CD8, CD38, CD69, and CD107) were measured. In all, 50 patients received preoperative Oral Impact® and 129 patients received no nutritional support. CD80, CD86, MyD88, and CD69 messenger RNA expression was significantly increased in patients receiving immunonutrition compared to controls. In the subgroup of patients with stages I-II cancer, the rate of epithelial cells expressing CD80 and HLA-ABC was significantly higher in those receiving immunonutrition compared to controls as well as CD8+ CD28+ cell rate. Immunonutrition administration before surgery was significantly associated to increased degranulating CD8 and natural killer cells (CD107+) infiltrating the healthy esophageal mucosa. All the comparisons were adjusted for cancer stage and preoperative therapy. In conclusion, in healthy esophageal mucosa of patients undergoing esophagectomy, a 5-day course of immunonutrition enhances expression of antigen-presenting cells activity and increased CD8+ T cell activation and degranulating activity. Further studies are warranted to understand the clinical implication in terms of cancer recurrence.	esophagus
Identification of PA28β as a potential novel biomarker in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common and serious malignancies in China. However, the exact mechanisms of tumor formation and progression are unclear. As late diagnosis and poor therapeutic efficacy result in lower survival rates, identifying biomarkers for early detection, prognostic evaluation, and recurrence monitoring of ESCC is necessary. Here we analyzed 10 protein expression profiles of ESCC core tissues and paired normal esophageal epithelial tissues using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We excised 29 protein spots with two-fold or greater differential expression between cancer and normal tissues and identified them using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The role of PA28β in ESCC cell was confirmed using cell growth, colony formation and soft agar in TE-1 cells pre- and post- PA28β transfection. Compared to their expression in the adjacent normal epithelia, 12 proteins, including transgelin (TAGLN), were upregulated in ESCC tissues; 17 proteins, including proteasome activator 28-beta subunit (PA28β), were downregulated (p < 0.05). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed that PA28β was significantly underexpressed in ESCC tissues. The functional assays demonstrate that PA28β inhibited cell growth, proliferation and malignancy of TE-1 cells. Among the differentially expressed proteins, PA28β is a potential tumor inhibitor.	esophagus
Thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy: thoracic stage in prone position.	OBJECTIVE: to analyze the National Cancer Institute Abdominopelvic Division (INCA / MS/HC I) initial experience with thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy with thoracic stage in prone position. METHODS: we studied 19 consecutive thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomies from may 2012 to august 2014, including ten patients with squamous cells carcinoma (five of the middle third and five of the lower third) and nine cases of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (six Siewert I and three Siewert II). All procedures were initiated by the prone thoracic stage. RESULTS: There were minimal blood loss, optimal mediastinal visualization, oncological radicality and no conversions. Surgical morbidity was 42 %, most being minor complications (58% Clavien I or II), with few related to the technique. The most common complication was cervical anastomotic leak (37%), with a low anastomotic stricture rate (two stenosis: 10.53%). We had one (5.3%) surgical related death, due to a gastric tube`s mediastinal leak, treated by open reoperation and neck diversion. The median Intensive Care Unit stay and hospital stay were two and 12 days, respectively. The mean thoracoscopic stage duration was 77 min. Thirteen patients received neoadjuvant treatment (five squamous cells carcinoma and eight gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas). The average lymph node sample had 16.4 lymph nodes per patient and 22.67 when separately analyzing patients without neoadjuvant treatment. CONCLUSION: the thoraco-laparoscopic approach was a safe technique in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer, with a good lymph node sampling.	esophagus
Nutritional Therapy for Patients with Esophageal Cancer.	Malnutrition develops in 79% patients with esophageal cancer. Thus, these patients represent a group of cancer patients, which is the most nutritionally compromised. Dysphagia and more than 10% loss of body weight are already present at the time of diagnosis. Treatments for esophageal cancer contribute significantly to the development of malnutrition. This paper describes the nutritional treatment of patients and nutritional strategies in patients with dysphagia and other nutritional problems that accompany the treatment of patients with esophageal cancer. Here are shown the types and methods of nutritional support, which are suitable for this group of patients. Nutritional support of patients with esophageal cancer is performed as a parallel therapeutic route.	esophagus
High incidence of coding gene mutations in mitochondrial DNA in esophageal cancer.	The aim of the present study was to detect mutations in the coding genes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in three esophageal cancer cell lines and in tumor tissues obtained from 30 patients with esophageal cancer, to investigate the relationship between protein‑ and RNA‑coding gene mutations and esophageal cancer. mtDNA was extracted and the coding genes were sequenced and analyzed by comparing the sequencing results with the complete mitochondrial genome of Homo sapiens. The results revealed 39 mutations in the three esophageal cancer cell lines; the genes with the highest mutation frequencies included mitochondrially encoded cytochrome B (MT‑CYTB), NADH dehydrogenase 5 (MT‑ND5) and MT‑ND4 gene. A total of 216 mutations were identified in the 30 esophageal cancer tissues, including 182 protein‑coding mutations, of which MT‑CYTB and MT‑ND5 genes exhibited higher mutation frequencies. The results of the present study indicated that mutations in the coding genes of mtDNA in esophageal cancer cells may be related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Chemoradiotherapy for Solitary Skeletal Muscle Metastasis from Oesophageal Cancer: Case Report and Brief Literature Review.	BACKGROUND: The incidence of skeletal muscle metastasis from oesophageal cancer is very low, and the treatment strategy has not been established. CASE REPORT: A 77-year-old man underwent oesophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CT-pT3 N0 M0, CT-pStage II). Fourteen months after surgery, he became aware of a subcutaneous tumour in his left forearm. Computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography revealed a 65×75 mm intramuscular nodular lesion with a standardized uptake value of 8.5. Further examination by biopsy strongly suggested this was a solitary metastasis from oesophageal cancer. The patient received chemoradiotherapy with two cycles of 5-fluorouracil combined with cisplatin and radiation. Clinical complete response was confirmed by imaging 7 months after chemoradiation and no recurrence has occurred at 20 months since chemoradiation. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy can be an alternative locoregional therapy to surgery for solitary skeletal muscle metastasis.	esophagus
Diagnosis and Endoscopic Management of Barrett's Esophagus: an Italian Experts' Opinion based document.	BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is recognized as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. An expert panel was organized in Italy with the aim of drafting a series of statements on BE to guide diagnosis and management of patients with BE. METHODS: The working Group Coordinators worked on a literature search to identify key topics regarding critical steps of the endoscopic approach to BE. Based on the search and their expert opinion, a list of most meaningful questions was prepared and emailed to all members who were asked to vote the questions. When the survey was completed a consensus meeting was organized. According to the survey results, Group Coordinators proposed a draft statement that was voted. By definition, the statement was formulated when there was an agreement of ≥50% among participants. RESULTS: Twenty nine participants deliberated 18 questions. The agreement was reached for 16 questions for which a recommendation was formulated. CONCLUSION: The generated statements highlight the Italian contribution to the European Position Statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. The Italian statements preserve peculiarities when dealing with the endoscopic management of BE and wishes to be considered as a contribution for the care of BE patients even with a low risk of progression to esophageal neoplasia.	esophagus
Complications of stent placement in patients with esophageal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.	BACKGROUND: Palliative treatments and stents are necessary for relieving dysphagia in patients with esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to simultaneously compare available treatments in terms of complications. METHODS: Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi2 test and was quantified by I2. The results of this study were summarized in terms of Risk Ratio (RR). The random effects model was used to report the results. The rank probability for each treatment was calculated using the p-score. RESULTS: Out of 17855 references, 24 RCTs reported complications including treatment related death (TRD), bleeding, stent migration, aspiration, severe pain and fistula formation. In the ranking of treatments, thermal ablative therapy (p-score = 0.82), covered Evolution® stent (p-score = 0.70), brachytherapy (p-score = 0.72) and antireflux stent (p-score = 0.74) were better treatments in the network of TRD. Thermal ablative therapy (p-score = 0.86), the conventional stent (p-score = 0.62), covered Evolution® stent (p-score = 0.96) and brachytherapy (p-score = 0.82) were better treatments in the network of bleeding complications. Covered Evolution® (p-score = 0.78), uncovered (p-score = 0.88) and irradiation stents (p-score = 0.65) were better treatments in network of stent migration complications. In the network of severe pain, Conventional self-expandable nitinol alloy covered stent (p-score = 0.73), polyflex (p-score = 0.79), latex prosthesis (p-score = 0.96) and brachytherapy (p-score = 0.65) were better treatments. CONCLUSION: According to our results, thermal ablative therapy, covered Evolution® stents, brachytherapy, and antireflux stents are associated with a lower risk of TRD. Moreover, thermal ablative therapy, conventional, covered Evolution® and brachytherapy had lower risks of bleeding. Overall, fewer complications were associated with covered Evolution® stent and brachytherapy.	esophagus
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes apoptosis and reversal of multidrug resistance in esophageal cancer cells.	Evidence for demonstrating the role of the green tea component epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells is limited. In this study, we investigated apoptosis induced by EGCG and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. The growth-inhibitory effects of EGCG on esophageal cancer cell (Eca109 and Ec9706) were detected by MTT. Using flow cytometry, we determined the cellular apoptosis, bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 protein expression in Eca109 and Ec9706 cells following treatment with EGCG for 24h. After treatment of Eca109/ABCG2 (an esophageal cancer multidrug resistance cell line) cells with adriamycin (ADM) combined with EGCG for 24h, the cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, ADM concentration in cells and ABCG2 protein expression were detected by flow cytometry. EGCG inhibited the growth of Eca109 and Ec9706 cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner. EGCG induced apoptosis, decreased the bcl-2 protein expression and increased the expression of bax and caspase-3 protein. The rate of apoptosis and ADM concentration in the Eca109/ABCG2 cells following treatment with ADM and EGCG were higher than that with ADM treatment alone, although the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly lower (P<0.01). EGCG reduced the ABCG2 expression of Eca109/ABCG2 cells. Our data indicated that EGCG inhibited cell growth and induced esophageal cancer cell apoptosis. It reduced the bcl-2 protein expression and increased the bax and caspase-3 protein expression. EGCG reversed multi-drug resistance by reducing ABCG2 expression and increasing the anticancer drug concentration in cancer cells.	esophagus
A network meta-analysis of the short-term efficacy of five chemotherapy regimens based on cisplatin and fluorouracil for esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma.	The primary purpose of this study was to explore the short-term efficacy of different cisplatin and fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of patients with esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma (EGJA) using a network meta-analysis (NMA). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to chemotherapy regimens based on cisplatin and fluorouracil for EGJA were included from the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library electronic databases (from inception to June 2016). Direct and indirect evidence were combined to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as well as to draw the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves. This NMA finally enrolled ten eligible RCTs with the following five regimens: cisplatin plus fluorouracil (cisplatin+fluorouracil), cisplatin+fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (cisplatin+fluorouracil+docetaxel/epirubicin/irinotecan), fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (fluorouracil+docetaxel/doxorubicin/methotrexate/irinotecan), cisplatin-based chemotherapy (cisplatin+docetaxel/epirubicin/irinotecan/capecitabine/s-1) and other drug-based chemotherapy (docetaxel/irinotecan/capecitabine). These results revealed that compared with a cisplatin+ fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimen, the fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimen had a lower overall response rate (ORR) and partial response (PR) for EGJA patients (ORR: OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.22-0.86; PR: OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.23-0.91). Cluster analyses suggested that the cisplatin+fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimen had the best short-term efficacy for EGJA in terms of the complete response (CR), PR, ORR, stable disease (SD) and progression disease (PD). Our results indicated that cisplatin+fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens may have the best short-term efficacy in the treatment of EGJA.	esophagus
Effects of javanica oil emulsion injection combined with radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone on the efficacy and safety in patients with esophageal cancer: a pooled analysis of 1269 cases.	PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of javanica oil emulsion injection (JOEI) when combined with radiotherapy (RT) in patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS: Electronic databases including EMBASE, PUBMED, the COCHRANE Library, China Academic Journals Full-text Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database were searched. Two reviewers performed the search, identified and extracted eligible studies. Items including response rate, survival and safety were extracted and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: A total of 16 clinical studies with 1269 esophageal cancer patients were included. The results showed that adding JOEI to RT could improve the complete response (CR rate) (Odds Ratio/OR 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27 to 2.10; p=0.0001), partial response (PR) (OR 1.25; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.60; p=0.09), Relative Risk/RR (OR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.70; p<0.0001), quality of life (OR 3.01; 95% CI, 1.72 to 5.25; p=0.0001), and reduce the incidence of adverse events including nausea and vomiting (OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.44; p=0.46) and radiation esophagitis (OR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.68; p<0.0001). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates in the JOEI group were significantly higher than those in the RT alone group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: JOEI in combination with RT could benefit esophageal cancer patients with improved rate of response and quality of life, prolonged survival, and reduced incidence of adverse events. However, these results should be viewed with caution due to the limited quality of the included studies.	esophagus
Study on association between ERCC5 single nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to esophageal cancer.	PURPOSE: DNA repair genes play important roles in the genesis of esophageal cancer, and their functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci may affect the susceptibility to esophageal cancer through changing the capability of DNA damage repair. METHODS: A total of 557 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 1503 age- and gender-matched healthy people were selected in this study. The hospital-based case-control method and the candidate gene and functional locus-based SNP selection strategy were used to screen three functional SNPs, loci on excision repair cross complement 5 (ERCC5): rs2296147, rs873601 and rs2094258. Genotyping was performed using Taqman method. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the selected loci and the risk of esophageal cancer. RESULTS: rs2296147 reduced the risk of esophageal cancer (CC vs TT: OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.64-0.97, p=0.027; additive model: OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.68-0.94, p=0.007). The results of stratified analysis showed that rs2296147 could reduce the susceptibility to esophageal cancer in women, non-smokers, drinkers and non-drinkers. No correlation between rs873601 and rs2094258 and susceptibility to esophageal cancer was found. However, the combined effect analysis showed that rs2296147, rs873601 and rs2094258 could increase the risk of esophageal cancer (ptrend=0.006). CONCLUSION: The results of this case-control study showed that the polymorphic locus on ERCC5, rs2296147, could reduce the risk of esophageal cancer, which will help further understand the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.	esophagus