crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Clinical impact of HAb18G/CD147 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: HAb18G/CD147 expression has been associated with many tumor invasion molecules, which play important roles in recurrence and poor differentiation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the clinical implications of HAb18G/CD147 in ESCC are still unclear. AIMS: In this study, we clarified the clinical significance of HAb18G/CD147 and characterized the association between HAb18G/CD147 and tumor invasion in ESCC cases. METHODS: Tumor tissues were obtained from 86 ESCC patients who underwent surgical resection between 2002 and 2005. All patients that had received previous therapy were excluded. ESCC tissues were analyzed by IHC using anti HAb18G/CD147 antibody. The expression of HAb18G/CD147 mRNA in esophageal cancer cell lines was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: HAb18G/CD147 was uniformly expressed in EC109 and EC871214 cell lines, but negatively expressed in EPC2, esophageal normal squamous cell line. HAb18G/CD147 mainly localized to the membrane of tumor cells in 84.9% of ESCC patients (64 out of 86 cases). Furthermore, we also found that higher HAb18G/CD147 expression levels significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion and differentiation (P < 0.05). But the expression levels of HAb18G/CD147 in lymph node metastatic tissues were almost equal to that in the primary tumor tissues. Furthermore, lymph node metastasis and expression of HAB18G/CD147 were independent prognostic indicators in ESCC. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of HAb18G/CD147 might be involved in the progression and survival of ESCC. Therefore, HAb18G/CD147 could be a clinical marker for the poor prognosis in ESCC patients and may also be a potentially therapeutic target to improve the progression of ESCC.	esophagus
Her-2/neu gene amplification and over-expression in stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma: from pathology to treatment.	Discovery of the over-expression of Her-2/neu or the amplification of its regulatory gene in stomach and esophageal cancer has resulted in targeted treatment directed at this protein. The fact itself and its consequences have been the topic of an abundance of studies and clinical trials. In the present report we review the current state of the art as regards diagnosis of the over-expression and amplification of Her-2/neu, its inhibition as a new therapeutic concept, treatment toxicity, and the development of resistance to Her-2/neu as a limiting factor in stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma.	esophagus
[Reconstruction of hypopharyngeal circumferential and cervical esophageal defects with free jejunal interposition in 112 cases].	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the results of reconstruction of hypopharyngeal circumferential and cervical esophageal defects with free jejunal transfer. METHODS: Retrospective review of 112 patients who underwent pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with free jejunal interposition. Analysis was confined to the patients with advanced hypopharyngeal, esophageal or recurrent laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Kaplan-Meier method was used to identify the accumulative survival rate. RESULTS: The free jejunal success rate was 94.6% (106/112). The pharyngocutaneous fistula rate and anastomoses narrow rate were 8.9% (10/112) and 12.5% (12/96) respectively. The perioperative mortality rate was 1.8% (2/112). Except 1 case of dead, 6 cases with flap failure and 2 cases with laryngeal preservation, other 103 cases had resumed oral feeding. CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of free jejunal transplantation is high and free jejunal interposition is an ideal reconstruction method for patients who have hypopharyngeal circumferential and cervical esophageal defects after tumor resection.	esophagus
Regulatory T cells in gastrointestinal tumors.	Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have the ability to suppress the activity of most other lymphoid cells, as well as dendritic cells through cell-cell contact-dependent mechanisms, which have not yet been fully defined. Tregs are a key component of a functional immune system and Treg deficiency is associated with severe autoimmunity and allergies. However, Tregs specific for tumor-associated antigens are present in cancer patients and Tregs accumulate in many types of solid tumors, where they probably act to promote tumor escape from cytotoxic immune responses. Indeed, some studies even show a negative correlation between Treg infiltration and survival of the patient. Several studies indicate an active recruitment of Tregs to the tumor site and the mechanisms of Treg accumulation are starting to be better understood as a result of more detailed analysis of their adhesion molecule and chemokine receptor expression. In addition, in gastrointestinal tumors there is an increase in tumor-associated Tregs, but intriguingly, Treg infiltration into colorectal adenocarcinomas is associated with improved prognosis. In this article, we will review the proposed mechanisms of immune suppression by tumor-associated Tregs, how the tumor microenvironment favors immune evasion and Treg induction, the tumor-homing mechanisms of Tregs and how Tregs affect progression of gastric and colorectal tumors.	esophagus
Quantitative evaluation of SPRR3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by qPCR and its potential use as a biomarker.	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highly fatal due to late diagnosis and inefficient treatment. Early disease detection could improve diagnosis and patient survival. Esophageal squamous epithelial cells express SPRR3, a member of the small proline-rich protein family, which is downregulated in ESCC. Therefore, SPRR3 expression may be used as a biomarker to follow the transition from healthy mucosa to ESCC. Both SPRR3 mRNA splice variants, v1 and v2, were evaluated by real time PCR in tumor and histologically normal adjacent tissue biopsies from 84 ESCC patients and 18 healthy controls. SPRR3-v1 was most highly expressed in the esophageal mucosa of healthy subjects, with an increasingly lower expression in the adjacent mucosa of ESCC patients and in tumors, respectively. SPRR3-v2 expression was low in normal mucosa and in tumors but it was higher in the adjacent mucosa of ESCC patients. In addition, we found a significant correlation between a lower SPRR3-v1 and SPRR3-v2 expression and age and alcohol consumption, respectively. SPRR3 protein expression presented a good correlation with SPRR3 mRNA expression. Cut-off points to discriminate between healthy mucosa, tumor and adjacent mucosa were determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. This analysis showed that SPRR3-v1 expression discriminates the esophageal mucosa of healthy subjects from the adjacent mucosa and the tumor of ESCC patients with high sensitivity and specificity. Our data shows that the quantitative analysis of SPRR3 mRNA is a robust and reliable method to monitor the malignant transformation of the healthy esophageal mucosa into ESCC.	esophagus
[Complete response in a patient with liver metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with docetaxel].	On routine endoscopy a Type 2 tumor was found in the esophagogastric junction of a 74-year-old man. A histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made based on a biopsy specimen, and lower esophagectomy and proximal gastrectomy were performed. The pathological diagnosis was pT3, N2, M0, pStage III. A low-dose FP treatment as adjuvant chemotherapy was given for only three weeks due to severe anorexia. A liver metastases measuring 22×24 mm in diameter at the s6 lesion was found with a CT examination a year and a half after the operation. A dose of 70 mg/m2 of docetaxel was given by intervenous infusion, and repeated every four weeks. Toxicities, grade 4 neutropenia and mild pneumonia associated with this chemotherapy regimen, were observed after five cycles. Therefore this treatment was discontinued. CT performed at that time showed a complete response (CR) and no more recurrences for six months. Docetaxel treatment is considered to be safe for outpatients and is one of the cures for metastatic esophageal cancer.	esophagus
Intrathoracic anastomotic leakage and mortality after esophageal cancer resection: a population-based study.	BACKGROUND: Results are conflicting and no population-based studies are available regarding the postoperative mortality after intrathoracic anastomotic leakage. The current study addressed the unselected and independent fatality rate of intrathoracic esophageal anastomotic leaks after resection for cancer. METHODS: A prospective, nationwide study was conducted in Sweden in April 2001 through December 2005. Details concerning patient and tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, postoperative anastomotic leakage, and mortality were collected prospectively. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for age, tumor stage, comorbidity, and hospital volume. RESULTS: Among 559 resected patients with an intrathoracic anastomosis, 44 patients (7.9%) sustained an anastomotic leak within 30 days of surgery. Of these, 8 patients (18.2%) died within 90 days of surgery, compared with 32 of the 515 patients without leakage (6.2%) (P = .003). The adjusted OR of postoperative death following intrathoracic anastomotic leakage was increased 3-fold compared with those without such a complication (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.2). CONCLUSION: Intrathoracic anastomotic leakage after esophageal resection for cancer remains a major risk factor for short-term postoperative death in an unselected, population-based setting.	esophagus
Clinicopathological significance of cyclooxygenase-2 and cell cycle-regulatory proteins expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the molecular markers cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Ki-67, cyclin A, and p27 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), to ascertain the relationship of these makers with the clinicopathological significance of the patients, and to assess the additional prognostic value of the expression profile of these proteins for ESCC patients. The expression levels of COX-2, Ki-67, cyclin A, and p27 proteins of a series of primarily resected ESCC samples were determined by immunohistochemistry method. Clinicopathological and molecular factors affecting survival were analyzed by multivariate analysis. A total of 78 specimens were included in this study. Expression of COX-2 was observed in 43 (55.1%) cases, and high levels of expression of Ki-67, p27, and cyclin A were observed in 57 (73.0%), 33 (42.3%), 43 (55.1%) cases, respectively. The results of univariate survival analysis indicated that more advanced tumor stage, lymph node involvement, systemic dissemination, the levels of expression of COX-2, Ki-67, cyclin A, and p27 were associated with survival (all P-value < 0.05). Multifactorial survival analysis revealed that only lymph node involvement, over-expression of cyclin A, and low p27 expression were associated with the survival of the patients (hazard ratios = 2.83, 4.7, 2.9, respectively; P= 0.025, 0.042, 0.005, respectively). Among the molecular markers assessed, the expression of cell proliferation markers cyclin A and p27 are independent prognostic factors in patients with ESCC, whereas neither COX-2 nor Ki-67 is of independent prognostic value.	esophagus
Capnographic monitoring during endoscopic submucosal dissection with patients under deep sedation: a prospective, crossover trial of air and carbon dioxide insufflations.	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The safety of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) insufflation has not been fully established for esophageal and gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) under deep sedation, because CO(2) retention is not only caused by CO(2) insufflation but also by the sedation level and the patient's respiratory status. To clarify the clinical safety of CO(2) insufflation, we conducted a crossover trial of air and CO(2) insufflations. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with early esophageal or gastric cancers underwent ESD during which insufflation was switched from CO(2) to air or from air to CO(2); transcutaneous partial pressure CO(2) (PtcCO(2)) was monitored in all patients. We also assessed respiratory function, arterial blood gas analysis, and smoking history. RESULTS: Although significant increases in PtcCO(2) from baseline were observed, there were no significant differences in PtcCO(2) levels during CO(2) insufflation compared with levels during air insufflation in groups that received CO(2) preceding air or air preceding CO(2). All patients underwent ESD safely without adverse events, including 20 patients with subclinical respiratory dysfunction. The sedation protocol was the only significant predictor of CO(2) retention, independent of CO(2) insufflation. CONCLUSIONS: CO(2) insufflation can be used as safely as air insufflation during ESD under deep sedation.	esophagus
Multimodal treatment for resectable esophageal cancer.	Surgical resection has been traditionally the mainstay of treatment for localized esophageal cancers. However, survival after surgery alone for advanced esophageal cancer is not satisfactory. In Japan, the development of multimodal therapy for esophageal cancers has centered mainly on systemic chemotherapy plus surgery to control distant metastasis. Based on the results of the recent Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 9907 study, preoperative chemotherapy (consisting of 5-FU and cisplatin) followed by surgery has emerged as the standard treatment. In Western countries, where chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery has been mainly explored for patients with resectable esophageal cancers, two large controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy reported conflicting results. However, a recent meta-analysis reported significant survival benefits for preoperative chemotherapy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. We need to find new effective preoperative chemotherapeutic regimens, including molecular target agents, with response rates higher than that of the conventional chemotherapy of 5-FU and cisplatin. However, we also must compare the survival benefits of preoperative chemotherapy with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.	esophagus
Simple but powerful: phenanthroline-based small molecules for cellular imaging and cancer screening.	A two-step synthetic procedure gives highly fluorescent phenanthroline molecular probes. The compounds localize in the endoplasmic reticulum and their potential as bioactive probes was evaluated. The materials are quickly taken up by living cells within 5 min. Preliminary in vitro studies have shown that these compounds are selective to esophageal cancer cells and can be used as selective markers in intracellular cancer diagnostics. The materials show a remarkable cytotoxicity towards cancer cells vs normal as 7-1.	esophagus
Sarcomatoid carcinoma of esophagus.	Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the esophagus is an uncommon malignancy, representing approximately 2% of esophageal carcinomas. It has also been referred to as carcinosarcoma, pseudosarcoma, pseudosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and polypoid carcinoma, reflecting the uncertainty of its pathogenesis. Histologically, carcinomatous and sarcomatous components coexist. The clinical and radiologic findings resemble other esophageal neoplasms. Sarcomatoid carcinoma often presents as a large, intraluminal, polypoid mass on barium esophagram. Despite its size, however, sarcomatoid carcinoma has a more favorable prognosis than other malignant esophageal neoplasms, likely because of its exophytic growth into the lumen, rather than deep invasion. This article provides a brief overview of the clinicopathologic features and possible pathogenesis of this uncommon tumor.	esophagus
Twist1 is an independent prognostic factor of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and associated with its epithelial-mesenchymal transition.	BACKGROUND: Twist1 is known to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor progression. However, its specific role is different depending on the type of cancer. The functional role and clinical significance of Twist1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been rarely studied. METHODS: We examined Twist1 expression in a total of 199 samples using immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also studied the association of Twist1 with EMT of ESCC using tissue samples and in vitro models. In addition, we examined the changes in the whole-genome expression profiles of two ESCC cell lines after inducing upregulation of Twist1. RESULTS: Twist1 expression was increased in ESCC compared with that of normal esophagus (P < 0.01). We found that expression of Twist1 was strongly associated with poor prognosis on both univariate analysis [relative risk (RR) = 3.019, P = 0.000] and multivariate analysis (RR = 3.131, P = 0.000). In addition, we found that Twist1 expression was strongly correlated with EMT in ESCC tissues. Upregulation of Twist1 induced other EMT inducers in all three esophageal cancer cell lines investigated (TE1, TE8, and TE10). Twist1 also enhanced the migratory and invasive abilities of all three cell lines. Finally, microarray analysis of gene expression in the three ESCC cell lines revealed that Twist1 upregulation affected the expression of mainly cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix-related genes, which are directly related to cell morphology and movement. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that Twist1 is associated with EMT of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ESCC.	esophagus
Tumor initiating cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas express high levels of CD44.	BACKGROUND: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is a major subtype of esophageal cancer causing significant morbility and mortality in Asia. Mechanism of initiation and progression of this disease is unclear. Tumor initiating cells (TICs) are the subpopulation of cells which have the ability to self-renew, as well as, to drive initiation and progression of cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that TICs exist in a variety of tumors. However, the identification and characterization of TICs in esophageal carcinoma has remained elusive. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: to identify TICs in ESCC, ESCC cell lines including two primary cells were used for screening suitable surface marker. Then colony formation assay, drug resistant assay and tumorigenicity assay in immune deficient mice were used to characterize TICs in ESCC. We found that just the CD44 expression correlated with tumorigenicity in ESCC cell lines. And then induced differentiation of ESCC cells by all-trans retinoic acid treatment led to decreased expression of CD44. The FACS isolated cell subpopulations with high CD44 expression showed increased colony formation and drug resistance in vitro, as well as significantly enhanced tumorigenicity in NOD/SICD mice, as compared to the low expressing CD44 ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: our study has discovered a novel TIC surface marker, CD44, which can be utilized to enrich efficiently the TICs in ESCC. These findings will be useful for further studies of these cells and exploring therapeutic approaches.	esophagus
Screening for gastrointestinal malignancy in patients with iron deficiency anemia by general practitioners: an observational study.	BACKGROUND: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is 2-5% in men and postmenopausal women in the developed world. IDA is commonly caused by chronic gastrointestinal blood loss, and a thorough examination of the gastrointestinal tract must be standard practice. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively study endoscopic evaluations of patients from general practitioners diagnosed with IDA in a peripheral hospital laboratory in order to determine the cause of IDA and the number of gastrointestinal malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated all patients with IDA diagnosed in a peripheral hospital laboratory by the general practitioner in the region of our hospital from 1 January 2004 until 31 December 2005. We included women older than 50 and men 18 years and older without a history of IDA in the previous 2 years. RESULTS: In 2 years, 287 patients were newly diagnosed with IDA in our hospital laboratory. Only 90 (31%) patients were endoscopically evaluated within 4 months. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed at least one lesion potentially responsible for blood loss in 41 of 90 (46%) patients. The most common lesions identified by gastroduodenal endoscopy were erosive esophagitis, gastritis and duodenitis (14%). Cancer was the most commonly detected lesion in the colon, accounting for 17 of 21 colonic lesions explaining IDA. In total, gastrointestinal malignancy was diagnosed in 2% of screened patients. Factors determining the decision for endoscopic screening were lower hemoglobin level, lower ferritin level and male gender. CONCLUSION: In our retrospective study of patients with IDA, only 31% received any form of endoscopic evaluation. In general practice, IDA is investigated suboptimally, and interventions other than the issuing of guidelines are needed to change practice.	esophagus
End-to-end versus end-to-side esophagogastrostomy after esophageal cancer resection: a prospective randomized study.	OBJECTIVE: To compare single-layered hand-sewn cervical end-to-side (ETS) anastomosis with end-to-end (ETE) anastomosis in a prospective randomized fashion. BACKGROUND: The preferred organ used for reconstruction after esophagectomy for cancer is the stomach. Previous studies attempted to define the optimal site of anastomosis and anastomotic techniques. However, anastomotic stricture formation and leakage still remain an important clinical problem. METHODS: From May 2005 to September 2007, 128 patients (64 in each group) were randomized between ETE and ETS anastomosis after esophagectomy for cancer with gastric tube reconstruction. Routine contrast swallow studies and endoscopy were performed. Anastomotic stricture within 1 year, requiring dilatation, was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were anastomotic leak rate and mortality. RESULTS: Ninety-nine men and 29 women underwent esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction. Benign stenosis of the anastomosis, for which dilatation was required, occurred more often in the ETE group (40% vs. ETS 18%, P < 0.01) after 1 year of follow-up. The overall (clinical and radiological) anastomotic leak rate was lower in the ETE group (22% vs. ETS 41%, P = 0.04). Patients with an ETE anastomosis suffered less often from pneumonia; 17% versus ETS 44%, P = 0.002 and had subsequently significantly shorter in-hospital stay (15 days vs. 22 days, P = 0.02). In-hospital mortality did not differ between both groups. CONCLUSION: ETS anastomosis is associated with a lower anastomotic stricture rate, compared to ETE anastomosis. However, prevention of stricture formation was at high costs with increased anastomotic leakage and longer in-hospital stay. This study is registered with the Dutch Trial Registry and carries the ID number OND1317772.	esophagus