crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
What Will We Expect From Novel Therapies to Esophageal and Gastric Malignancies?	Esophageal cancer and gastric cancer are aggressive diseases for which treatment approaches are facing a new era. Some molecular pathways, such as VEGF, EGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor, PIK3CA, and PARP-1, have been studied, and novel targeted drugs are presumed to be developed in the near future. From The Cancer Genome Atlas report, 80% of Epstein-Barr virus tumors and 42% of tumors with microsatellite instability have PIK3CA mutations, suggesting that this pathway could be reevaluated as a possible target for new systemic treatment of gastric cancer. Notably, higher PARP-1 expression can be found in gastric cancer, which might be related to more advanced disease and worse prognosis. In addition, PD-L1 expression, high microsatellite instability, and mismatch repair deficiency can be found in gastric cancer, thus suggesting that immunotherapy may also play a role in those patients. We discuss trends related to the potential of novel therapies for patients with esophageal and gastric cancers in the near future.	esophagus
Is There a Precise Adjuvant Therapy for Esophagogastric Carcinoma?	Esophagogastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The prognosis for patients with locally advanced disease is poor and the majority of patients with operable tumors treated with surgery alone will have recurrent disease. A multimodal approach to treatment with adjunctive chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is therefore the standard of care for these patients. However, there is no global consensus on the optimal treatment strategy and international guidelines vary. National clinical trials inform local practice: neoadjuvant, perioperative, and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy combinations are all possible treatment options in the management of resectable esophagogastric cancer. A number of clinical trials are ongoing, which seek to directly compare multimodal treatment options and hope to provide clarity in this area. Furthermore, increased understanding of the molecular and genetic features of esophagogastric cancer may help to guide management of operable disease by determining optimal patient selection through identification of predictive biomarkers of response and the application of novel targeted agents.	esophagus
Changes in cardiac volume determined with repeated enhanced 4DCT during chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is considered curative intent treatment for patients with non-operative esophageal cancer. Radiation-induced heart damage receives much attention. We performed repeated four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) to detect changes in cardiac volume during radiotherapy for esophageal cancer patients, and explored potential factors responsible for those changes. METHODS: Forty-six patients with esophageal cancer underwent enhanced 4DCT and three-dimensional (3D) CT scans before radiotherapy and every 10 fractions during treatment. The heart was contoured on 3DCT images, 4DCT end expiratory (EE) images and 4DCT maximum intensity projection (MIP) images by the same radiation oncologist. Heart volumes and other relative parameters were compared by the SPSS software package, version 19.0. RESULTS: Compared with its initial value, heart volume was smaller at the 10th fraction (reduction = 3.27%, 4.45% and 4.52% on 3DCT, EE and MIP images, respectively, p < 0.05) and the 20th fraction (reduction = 6.05%, 5.64% and 4.51% on 3DCT, EE and MIP images, respectively, p < 0.05), but not at the 30th fraction. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced (by 16.95 ± 16.69 mmHg and 7.14 ± 11.64 mmHg, respectively, both p < 0.05) and the heart rate was elevated by 5.27 ± 6.25 beats/min (p < 0.05) after radiotherapy. None of the potential explanatory variables correlated with heart volume changes. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac volume reduced significantly from an early treatment stage and maintained the reduction until the middle stage. The heart volume changes observed on 3DCT and 4DCT were consistent during radiotherapy. The changes in heart volume, blood pressure and heart rate may be valuable indicators of cardiac impairment and target dose changes.	esophagus
[Therapeutic digestive endoscopy I].	Digestive endoscopy today is able to examine the whole gastrointestinal tract. On the basis of the originally purely diagnostic procedures a range of therapeutic modalities has been developed over years, which in some indications have taken the place of surgical procedures and methods of invasive radiology. Of greatest importance are the methods of endoscopic resection and ablation designed for the treatment of early neoplasms of the digestive tract not accompanied by a significant risk of lymphatic and systemic dissemination. Resection methods include endoscopic polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic transmural resection. Regarding ablation methods, commonly used in clinical practice are radiofrequency ablations in the treatment of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and argon plasma coagulation used in the treatment of symptomatic vascular malformations and small local residual neoplasms. Key words: digestive endoscopy - endoscopic ablation - endoscopic mucosal resection - endoscopic polyp-ectomy - endoscopic resection - endoscopic submucosal dissection - endoscopic transmural resection.	esophagus
FA01.01: MINIMALLY INVASIVE APPROACH RESULTS IN BETTER OUTCOME COMPARED TO OPEN ESOPHAGECTOMY-A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED ANALYSIS.	BACKGROUND: Esophagectomy remains the mainstay treatment for esophageal cancer. Minimally invasive techniques have gained popularity in recent years. Whether minimally invasive methods result in equivalent or superior outcome to open esophagectomy or not is still controversial. The aim of the current study is to compare outcomes of minimally invasive and open esophagectomy from a single institution, using propensity score matching to lessen biases. METHODS: From 1994-2016, 724 patients with squamous cell cancer of the esophagus who underwent esophagectomy were studied. Data were retrieved from a prospectively collected database. Patients were divided into two groups: 453 had open esophagectomy (open group), and 271 had VATS esophagectomy with gastric mobilization either via laparotomy or laparoscopically (MIE group). A propensity score was generated for each patient based on age, gender, tumor level, use of neoadjuvant therapy, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, pathologic stage of disease, site of anastomosis, and residual tumour (R) categories and the two matched groups were compared in clinico-pathological features, morbidity and mortality rates, and long-term survival. All statistical calculations were performed with SPSS version 24 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). RESULTS: A total of 158 patients in MIE and 187 in open group are matched for comparison (1:3 matching). MIE resulted in less blood loss (220 vs 400ml, P < 0.001) but longer operative time (461 vs 305 mins, P < 0.001). Wound infection (3.7% vs 10.7%, P = 0.01) and respiratory complications (29% vs 55.1%, P < 0.001) were also less in MIE group. Except for a higher rate of conduit ischemia (6.3% vs 1.6%, P = 0.02), MIE had comparable surgical outcomes with open technique in rates of anastomotic leakage (5.7% vs 5.3%, P = 0.89), recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (20.1% vs 18.7%, P = 0.10), reoperation (10.8% vs 8.6%, P = 0.49), and length of postoperative hospital stay (13 vs 14 days, P = 0.50). Lymph node harvest was significantly higher with MIE (35 vs 21, P < 0.001), a longer median survival was also evident compared to the open group (42.3 vs 24.7 months, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Although requiring longer operative time, MIE led to less wound and respiratory complications without jeopardizing surgical and oncological outcome. The more comprehensive lymphadenectomy could potentially improve prognosis. DISCLOSURE: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.	esophagus
Advantages of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT over CT in the preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer.	BACKGROUND: Our study was designed to compare the diagnostic efficacies of integrated (99m)Tc-HYNIC-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 ((99m)Tc-3PRGD(2)) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images and computed tomography (CT) images in lymph node metastasis in the patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS: From September 2015 and May 2018, 32 patients with histologically proven primary esophageal carcinoma underwent both (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT and CT scans followed by esophagectomy with lymph node dissection. The results of reviewing (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT and CT images for the lymph node metastasis were compared in relation with pathologic findings. RESULTS: During surgery, a total of 168 lymph nodes were dissected in 32 patients, of which 42 node groups in 18 patients were malignant on histologic examination. Preoperative nodal staging was compared with postoperative histopathological staging, The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT for lymph nodes were 80.95%, 86.51%, 85.12%, 66.67%, and 93.16% on per-node basis, respectively; compared with 59.52%, 73.02%, 69.64%, 42.37%, and 84.40% for CT (p = 0.034, 0.008, 0.005, 0.011, and 0.038, respectively). 70.59% (12/17) false-negative interpretations and 50% (17/34) false-positive interpretations on CT were corrected by (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT. 37.5% false-negative interpretations on (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT were corrected by CT. 11.90% (5/42) positive lymph nodes and 13.49% (17/126) negative nodes at pathology were incorrectly diagnosed both by (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT and CT. The accuracy of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT (87.50%, 28/32) was significantly higher than that of CT (62.50, 20/32; p = 0.022) on per-patient basis. (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT showed significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy in the neck and upper thoracic regions than CT. For nodal staging, (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT was correct in 78.12% (25/32) of the patients, whereas CT was correct in 53.12% (17/32), p = 0.037. CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT is more accurate than CT for preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer and may be helpful in determining the therapeutic plan.	esophagus
Early identification of esophageal squamous neoplasm by hyperspectral endoscopic imaging.	Esophageal squamous neoplasm presents a spectrum of different diatheses. A precise assessment for individualized treatment depends on the accuracy of the initial diagnosis. Detection relies on comprehensive and accurate white-light, iodine staining, and narrow-band imaging endoscopy. These methods have limitations in addition to its invasive nature and the potential risks related to the method. These limitations include difficulties in precise tumor delineation to enable complete resection, inflammation and malignancy differentiation, and stage determination. The resolution of these problems depends on the surgeon's ability and experience with available technology for visualization and resection. We proposed a method for identifying early esophageal cancerous lesion by endoscopy and hyperspectral endoscopic imaging. Experimental result shows the characteristic spectrum of a normal esophagus, precancerous lesion, canceration, and intraepithelial papillary capillary loop can be identified through principal component score chart. The narrow-band imaging (NBI) image shows remarkable spectral characteristic distribution, and the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method are higher than those of other methods by ~0.8 and ~0.88, respectively. The proposed method enables the accurate visualization of target organs, it may be useful to capsule endoscope and telemedicine, which requires highly precise images for diagnosis.	esophagus
Outcomes of Radiation-Associated Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The MSKCC Experience.	OBJECTIVE: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC-R) is a rarely encountered sequela of chest radiation. Treatment is limited by toxicity with reirradiation and complex surgical dissection in a previously radiated field. The clinical presentation, prognosis, and treatment selection of ESCC-R remain undefined. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at a single institution between 2000 and 2017 was performed to identify patients with previous radiation therapy (≥ 5 years delay). Clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of ESCC-R (n = 69) patients were compared to patients with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (n = 827). Overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) were compared using log-rank and Gray's tests, respectively. RESULTS: Median time from radiation to ESCC-R was 18.2 years. The majority of ESCC-R patients were female and presented with earlier disease and decreased behavioral risk factors. ESCC-R treated with surgery alone had worse OS than ESCC (5-year 15 vs 33%; p = 0.045). Patients with ESCC-R who received neoadjuvant treatment had higher risk of postoperative in-house mortality (16.7 vs 4.2%; p = 0.032). Patients with ESCC-R treated with surgery alone and definitive chemoradiation had higher recurrence risk than those with neoadjuvant + surgery (5-year recurrence 55 and 45 vs 15%; p = 0.101). CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation should be used whenever possible for ESCC-R as it is associated with lower risk of recurrence. The improved survival benefits of aggressive treatment must be weighed against the higher associated postoperative risks.	esophagus
Clinical significance of SUVmax on preoperative 18F-ﬂuorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients who underwent R0-esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.	The standardized uptake value (SUV) is a marker of tumor glucose metabolism, detected using 18F-ﬂuorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and may reflect tumor aggressiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of maximum SUV (SUVmax) of primary esophageal cancer (EC) lesions. A total of 86 patients with EC who underwent pre-treatment FDG-PET and R0-resection were included in our study. The mean patient age was 65 years, and 87% were men. Histologically, cancers included squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and other tumors in 72, 3, and 11 patients, respectively. Preoperative chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy was performed in 4 and 37 patients, respectively. Measured patient outcomes included the correlation between the SUVmax of the primary EC lesion and clinicopathological factors in patients who did not undergo preoperative treatment (n = 45), and the investigation of relapse-free survival (RFS) according to SUVmax and the relationship between SUVmax and recurrence sites in all patients (n=86). The mean SUVmax was 8.9 ± 4.6, and SUVmax values significantly correlated with tumor invasion depth and stage. The 5-year RFS for the enrolled patients was 57%, and the RFS of patients with SUVmax < 7.0 was better than that of patients with SUVmax ≥ 7.0, with a marginal difference (p = 0.0892). Lymph node recurrences were significantly more common in patients with SUVmax ≥ 7.0, compared to patients with SUVmax < 7.0. Therefore, the SUVmax value of the primary EC lesion before preoperative treatment may be predictive of RFS and lymph node recurrence.	esophagus
The 19q13 KRAB Zinc-finger protein ZFP82 suppresses the growth and invasion of esophageal carcinoma cells through inhibiting NF-κB transcription and inducing apoptosis.	AIM: To study the epigenetic alternations and biological functions of ZFP82 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS & METHODS: Analysis of ZFP82 expression was carried out by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell function was tested by MTS cell proliferation assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry. Gene mechanisms were studied by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time PCR, luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. RESULTS: ZFP82 promoter methylation was downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ZFP82 ectopic expression suppressed cell function and regulated NF-κB phosphorylation and genes involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, ZFP82 methylation was correlated with age, tumor stage and outcome. CONCLUSION: ZFP82 is a tumor suppressor and is disrupted by promoter CpG methylation during esophageal carcinogenesis.	esophagus
Knockdown of USP28 enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells via the c-Myc/hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha pathway.	Acquired radioresistance is a major clinical obstacle in the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). Ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) has been implicated in tumor growth in various cancer types. However, the role of USP28 and its underlying mechanisms of radioresistance in EC remain unknown. In the current study, we found that USP28 and c-Myc levels were upregulated in EC tissues and EC cell lines. The mRNA expression levels of USP28 and c-Myc were increased in the radioresistant human EC cell line (ECA109R) compared with those in ECA109 cells. In addition, the expression levels of USP28 and c-Myc were increased with increase in culture time after irradiation. Meanwhile, overexpression of USP28 decreased the radiosensitivity of ECA109 cells. In contrast, USP28 knockdown enhanced the radiosensitivity of ECA109R cells. Moreover, USP28 positively regulated the protein level of c-Myc, and c-Myc negatively regulated the radiosensitivity of ECA109 and ECA109R cells. Furthermore, c-Myc reversed the inhibitory effect of USP28 on the radiosensitivity of EC cells. Additionally, c-Myc enhanced the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) at the posttranscriptional level, and the reinforcing effect of c-Myc silencing on the radiosensitivity of EC cells could be reversed by HIF-1α overexpression. Besides, knockdown of USP28 blocked the effect of c-Myc on activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related DNA damage checkpoint after irradiation. In conclusion, knockdown of USP28 enhanced the radiosensitivity of EC cells by destabilizing c-Myc and enhancing the accumulation of HIF-1α. Therefore, USP28 may serve as a novel therapeutic target to overcome EC radioresistance.	esophagus
[PECULIARITIES OF TREATMENT OF DISTRIBUTED FORMS OF THORACIC PART OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER].	The aim of this study is to evaluate the methods of treatment of thoracic part of esophageal cancer and to predict the results of treatment depending on the factors of the prognosis. The results of treatment of 366 patients with cancer of the thoracic part of esophagus for 10 years (2007-2016) on the basis of the department of thoracic oncology of the Karaganda oncological dispensary were studied. The overall five-year survival rate, regardless of the method of treatment, was only 8.72% (28 of 321), and in the 6-10 year period 8.41% (27 of 321) lived, p <0.05. Analysis of the overall survival of patients with cancer of the thoracic part of esophagus showed that the method of treatment does not have a significant effect on life expectancy. A multivariate analysis of 19 grades that affect the prognosis of the disease was carried out. Radical type of treatment of the middle and lower thoracic esophagus is surgical, in which the median of cumulative survival is 19 months. Traditional radiotherapy should be used in a limited way, as it is palliative, with a median survival of no more than 9 months. The leading factor in the prognosis for thoracic part of esophageal cancer is the presence of regional metastases, on which the choice of method of treatment depends.	esophagus
Gastric cancer may share genetic predisposition with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese populations.	Many features are shared between esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to explore whether known EC susceptibility loci are also important in the development of GC. A total of 21 genetic variants associated with EC in genome-wide association studies were evaluated with association of GC risk in 2631 cases and 4373 controls of Chinese ancestry. Single variant and weighted genetic scores (WGS) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and overall EC were analyzed with GC risk, respectively. Genetic variants of rs2274223 in PLCE1 at 10q23.33 (per G allele: odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-1.38, P = 6.51 × 10(-8)), rs10052657 in PDE4D at 5q11.2 (per C allele: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25, P = 3.28 × 10(-2)) and rs671 in ALDH2 at 12q24.12 (per A-allele: OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.91, P = 1.14 × 10(-4)) were significantly associated with GC risk. The combined effect of those three variants had stronger influence on GC risk (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19-1.44, P = 2.34 × 10(-8)). High WGS of ESCC was also associated with increased risk of GC (P = 5.52 × 10(-4) as a continuous variable) (trend test P = 2.71 × 10(-4)), whereas no statistically significant associations were observed between the WGS of EAC and GC risk (P = 0.66 as a continuous variable) (trend test P = 0.70). ESCC rather than EAC may share genetic susceptibility with GC. Genetic variants at 10q23.33, 5q11.2, and 12q24.12 may be useful as biomarkers to identify individuals with high risk for both ESCC and GC.	esophagus
Predicting microRNA-disease associations using bipartite local models and hubness-aware regression.	The development and progression of numerous complex human diseases have been confirmed to be associated with microRNAs (miRNAs) by various experimental and clinical studies. Predicting potential miRNA-disease associations can help us understand the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of diseases and promote the development of disease treatment and diagnosis. Due to the high cost of conventional experimental verification, proposing a new computational method for miRNA-disease association prediction is an efficient and economical way. Since previous computational models ignored the hubness phenomenon, we presented a novel computational model of Bipartite Local models and Hubness-Aware Regression for MiRNA-Disease Association prediction (BLHARMDA). In this method, we first used known miRNA-disease associations to calculate the Jaccard similarity between miRNAs and between diseases, then utilized a modified kNNs model in the bipartite local model method. As a result, we effectively alleviated the detriments from 'bad' hubs. BLHARMDA obtained AUCs of 0.9141 and 0.8390 in the global and local leave-one-out cross validation, respectively, which outperformed most of the previous models and proved high prediction performance of BLHARMDA. Besides, the standard deviation of 0.0006 in 5-fold cross validation confirmed our model's prediction stability and the averaged prediction accuracy of 0.9120 showed the high precision of our model. In addition, to further evaluate our model's accuracy, we implemented BLHARMDA on three typical human diseases in three different types of case studies. As a result, 49 (Esophageal Neoplasms), 50 (Lung Neoplasms) and 50 (Carcinoma Hepatocellular) out of the top 50 related miRNAs were validated by recent experimental discoveries.	esophagus