crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Augmented Bladder Tumor Detection Using Deep Learning.	Adequate tumor detection is critical in complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) to reduce cancer recurrence, but up to 20% of bladder tumors are missed by standard white light cystoscopy. Deep learning augmented cystoscopy may improve tumor localization, intraoperative navigation, and surgical resection of bladder cancer. We aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm for augmented cystoscopic detection of bladder cancer. Patients undergoing cystoscopy/TURBT were recruited and white light videos were recorded. Video frames containing histologically confirmed papillary urothelial carcinoma were selected and manually annotated. We constructed CystoNet, an image analysis platform based on convolutional neural networks, for automated bladder tumor detection using a development dataset of 95 patients for algorithm training and five patients for testing. Diagnostic performance of CystoNet was validated prospectively in an additional 54 patients. In the validation dataset, per-frame sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.3-91.6%) and 98.6% (95% CI, 98.5-98.8%), respectively. Per-tumor sensitivity was 90.9% (95% CI, 90.3-91.6%). CystoNet detected 39 of 41 papillary and three of three flat bladder cancers. With high sensitivity and specificity, CystoNet may improve the diagnostic yield of cystoscopy and efficacy of TURBT. PATIENT SUMMARY: Conventional cystoscopy has recognized shortcomings in bladder cancer detection, with implications for recurrence. Cystoscopy augmented with artificial intelligence may improve cancer detection and resection.	bladder
Practice pattern of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Japan, Korea and Taiwan: A Web-based survey.	OBJECTIVES: To investigate the treatment pattern of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients among urologists in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, with emphasis on compliance with important treatment guidelines. METHODS: A Web-based questionnaire survey was conceived by representative members of each country's urological oncology society and was open from June 2016 to February 2017 to each society's members. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS: A total of 2334 urologists were invited and 701 responded to the survey with a response rate of 30.0%. Instruments used during transurethral resection of bladder cancer varied significantly between countries and depended on their availability. The re-transurethral resection rate for pT1 or high-grade disease >50% of the time was significantly higher in Japan than in the other two countries, but the collective rate was just 49%. The frequency of intravesical therapy in intermediate- to high-risk disease was generally consistent across countries. However, the choice of agent between chemotherapy and bacillus Calmette-Guérin was significantly different between countries. Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin was used <10% of the time by 45% of respondents, the most important reasons being fear of side-effects, followed by a lack of efficacy and shortage of drug supply. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences between Japan, Korea and Taiwan in the management of intermediate- to high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The results of this survey can serve as the basis for joint efforts to develop common clinical guidelines.	bladder
Impact of obesity and diabetes on the incidence of kidney and bladder cancers: a nationwide cohort study.	OBJECTIVE: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide and are both associated with the increased incidence of kidney and bladder cancers. However, previous reports have provided conflicting results. We investigated the impact of body mass index (BMI) and diabetes on the incidence of both cancers in the general population. METHODS: Using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, 9,777,133 subjects without any malignancy who underwent health examinations in 2009 were followed to the end of 2017. RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 8.32 years, 12,544 incidents of kidney cancer and 15,137 incidents of bladder cancer were identified. The hazard ratio (HR) for kidney cancer was the lowest in people with a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (HR: 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.94) and the highest in those with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.57-1.87) compared to a reference BMI group (18.5-23 kg/m2). In subjects with diabetes, obesity was associated with increased risk of kidney cancer, although the HRs were lower than observed in those without diabetes. Otherwise, there was a reduction in risk of bladder cancer with obesity in men and the HR for bladder cancer was not affected by BMI increase in women. There was a strongly positive association between diabetes and bladder cancer in the total study population. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was a strong risk factors for kidney cancer, whereas the association between obesity and bladder cancer differed by gender. The subjects with diabetes had a higher risk for both cancers than those without diabetes.	bladder
Androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) promotes the bladder cancer nuclear AR-negative cell invasion via a newly identified membrane androgen receptor (mAR-SLC39A9)-mediated Gαi protein/MAPK/MMP9 intracellular signaling.	While androgens may function via nuclear androgen receptor (nAR) to increase bladder cancer (BCa) progression, the impact of androgens on muscle invasive BCa, which contains nearly 80% nAR-negative cells, remains unclear. To dissect the androgens potential impacts on these nAR-negative muscle invasive BCa, we first found that the androgens, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) might function via a novel membrane AR (mAR-SLC39A9) to increase nAR-negative BCa cell migration and invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that DHT/mAR-SLC39A9 might function by altering G(αi) protein-mediated MAPK/MMP9 intracellular signaling to increase nAR-negative BCa cell migration and invasion. Preclinical studies using multiple in vitro nAR-negative BCa cell lines and an in vivo mouse model all demonstrated that targeting this newly identified DHT/mAR-SLC39A9/G(αi)/MAPK/MMP9 signaling with small molecules mAR-SLC39A9-shRNA or G(αi)-shRNA, and not the classic antiandrogens including enzalutamide, bicalutamide, or hydroxyflutamide, could suppress nAR-negative BCa cell invasion. Results from human clinical samples surveys also indicated the positive correlation of this newly identified DHT/mAR signaling with BCa progression and prognosis. Together, these results suggest that androgens may not only function via the classic nAR to increase the nAR-positive BCa cell invasion, they may also function via this newly identified mAR-SLC39A9 to increase the nAR-negative/mAR-positive BCa cell invasion.	bladder
[A Case of Adenocarcinoma of the Reconstructed Bladder 45 Years after Ileocystoplasty].	The patient was a 66-year-old man who had undergone ileocystoplasty and right nephrectomy at the age of 21 for the treatment of urinarytract tuberculosis. He had been receiving hemodialysis from the age of 58. Regular computed tomography (CT) examination at the age of 63 revealed a bladder mass, but the transurethral biopsyof the bladder mass did not reveal malignant findings. At the age of 66, his urine cytology indicated a suspicion of malignancy, and bladder tumor was detected by cystoscopy. The patient was referred to our hospital and we performed transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Pathological diagnosis was papillaryadenocarcinoma. Because left lower ureteral cancer was also suspected byCT scan, we performed left nephroureterectomy and radical cystectomy. Pathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma of the reconstructed bladder. The patient remains free of disease for 1 year and 11 months after the operation. Forty-five cases of bladder cancer after enterocystoplasty have been reported in Japan. There are no guidelines for follow-up protocols after enterocystoplasty. A long-term follow-up is mandatory because of the possibilityof development of bladder malignancylong after the enterocystoplasty.	bladder
Proteomic characterization of arsenic and cadmium exposure in bladder cells.	RATIONALE: Accumulating evidence has linked prolonged exposure to heavy metals to cancer occurrence in the urinary system. However, the specific biological mechanisms responsible for the association of heavy metals with the unusually high incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan are complex and incompletely understood. METHODS: To elucidate the specific biological mechanism and identify molecular indicators of the unusually high association of upper tract urothelial carcinoma with heavy metal exposure, protein expression following the treatment of T24 human bladder carcinoma and RT4 human bladder papilloma cell line models with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) was studied. Proteomic changes in these cell models were integrated with data from a human bladder cancer (BLCA) tissue proteome to identify possible protein indicators of heavy metal exposure. RESULTS: After mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis and verification by Western blotting procedures, we identified 66 proteins that were up-regulated and 92 proteins that were down-regulated in RT4 cell extracts after treatment with As or Cd. Some 52 proteins were up-regulated and 136 proteins were down-regulated in T24 cell extracts after treatment with Cd. We further confirmed that down-expression of the PML (promyelocytic leukemia) protein was sustained for at least 75 days after exposure of bladder cells to As. Dysregulation of these cellular proteins by As was associated with three biological pathways. Immunohistochemical analyses of paraffin-embedded BLCA tissue slides confirmed that PML protein expression was decreased in BLCA tumor cells compared with adjacent noncancerous epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that PML may play an important role in the pathogenesis of BLCA and may be an indicator of heavy metal exposure in bladder cells.	bladder
ISYNA1 is overexpressed in bladder carcinoma and regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis.	BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common urological malignancies. While Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) expression and function were largely unknown in BCa. We aimed to study the expression and role of ISYNA1 in bladder cancer and investigate its potential mechanisms via ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). METHODS: ISYNA1 expression was quantified by qRT-PCR in bladder cancer cell lines as well as normal urothelial cell line. Knocking down ISYNA1 gene in BCa T24 cells was achieved by shRNA lentivirus transfection. MTT and Celigo assay were used to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to test cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, IPA was performed using PrimeView™ Human Gene Expression Array. Imunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in BCa patient tissue microarray to verify the association between ISYNA1 expression and patients' clinicopathological features. RESULTS: ISYNA1 was significantly upregulated in BCa samples vs. para-tumor tissues. Higher expression were significantly associated with tumor T stage and lymph node metastasis of bladder cancer patients. Similarly, it was elevated in BCa cell lines (5637 and T24) compared with SVHUC cells. Knocking down ISYNA1 significantly decreased proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in T24 cells. Furthermore, IPA indicated that ISYNA1 was an important regulatory factors and related networks were involved in multiple functional processes. CONCLUSION: Taken together, current study suggest ISYNA1 promotes proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, and its expression correlated with BCa patients' clinicopathological features. Thus, ISYNA1 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for BCa patients.	bladder
Prognostic stratification of muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas using limited immunohistochemical panel of Gata3 and cytokeratins 5/6, 14 and 20.	BACKGROUND: Genomic studies have delineated distinct molecular subgroups of urothelial carcinomas whose prognostic impact extends beyond traditional stage and grade groupings. The 'basal' subgroup shows increased gene expression levels of KRT5, KRT6, and KRT14 and low expression levels of GATA binding protein 3, and is associated with an extremely poor outcome. Identification of this subset is necessary for improved patient management and research on targeted therapies. We aimed to assess the prognostic utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for basal markers: cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and 14 (CK14), and luminal markers: cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and Gata3 in muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas (MIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was of retrospective design (2014-2017). All chemotherapy naïve patients of MIBC undergoing radical cystectomy were included. IHC was performed on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded whole tumor sections. RESULTS: Among 40 cases of MIBC included, 45% (18/40) were positive for one or both basal markers, 37.5% (15/40) were positive for one or both luminal markers, while 15% (6/40) were positive for both basal and luminal markers. One case did not express any of the four markers. MIBCs expressing only basal markers presented at an advanced stage with frequent squamous differentiation and showed a trend towards shorter overall survival. Gata3+ MIBCs showed the best outcome irrespective of expression of other markers, while CK14+/Gata3- MIBCs were associated with worst outcomes. Gata3-/CK14- MIBCs showed intermediate survival outcomes. CK5/6, CK20 and p53 expression did not significantly correlate with outcome. CONCLUSION: IHC for Gata-3 and CK14 stratified MIBC into distinct prognostic subsets.	bladder
TIS111D can affect bladder cancer cells by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.	AIMS: Delineates the role of TIS111D in bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of TIS111D in bladder cancer and adjacent tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to analyse the expression of TIS111D in HT1197, T24, 5637 and TCCSUP cells. After TIS111D was silenced in T24, 5637 and TCCSUP cells, MTT and Transwell assays were used to detect the effects of TIS111D on proliferation and migration. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect the regulatory effect of downregulation of TIS111D on N-cad and E-cad. In vivo experiments confirmed the role of TIS111D in the growth and migration of bladder cancer and determined whether the role of TIS111D in bladder cancer is related to its regulation of N-cad and E-cad. KEY FINDINGS: The expression of TIS11D was higher in tumour tissues and bladder cancer cells. Si-TIS111D could inhibit the growth and migration of bladder cancer cells, while TIS111D could regulate the expression of E-cad and N-cad to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also demonstrated that TIS111D could promote the growth and migration of bladder cancer in vivo by regulating EMT. SIGNIFICANCE: TIS111D may participate in the regulation of bladder cancer progression by regulating EMT.	bladder
Age Differences in Patient-reported Psychological and Physical Distress Symptoms in Bladder Cancer Patients - A Cross Sectional Study.	OBJECTIVE: To assess age-based differences in psychological and physical symptoms of bladder cancer (BC) patients at different disease stages. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional single-center retrospective study between 2014 and 2017, assessing BC patients at different time points of their disease trajectory, after completing the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled at 3 predefined time points: (a) following diagnosis, (b) after radical cystectomy (RC), and (c) at last follow-up. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised consists of the physical distress sub-score (PHSDSS), entailing scores of 6 physical symptoms, and the psychological distress sub-score (PDSS), entailing scores of 3 psychological symptoms. Patients were stratified to those younger and older than 65 years. Multivariable linear regression models assessed predictors of increased PDSS and PHSDSS. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients were analyzed. No significant baseline clinical differences were demonstrated between both groups, excepting a higher Charlson comorbidity score (4.85 vs 3.87, P = .004), and a higher rate of muscle-invasive disease (71.7% vs 52.1%, P = .008) in older patients. PHSDSS scores remained similar throughout all time points in both groups. In contrast, younger patients had a significantly higher PDSS score at diagnosis, and after RC. Multivariable models demonstrated that an increased PDSS score (B = 2.372, 95% CI 0.36-4.385) was more likely in younger patients at diagnosis and after RC. An increased PHSDSS (B = 5.118, 95% CI 0.462-9.774) was more likely in younger patients only after RC. CONCLUSION: Younger BC patients may benefit from access to psychological support services as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen, especially after diagnosis and RC.	bladder
LncRNA ITGB1 promotes the development of bladder cancer through regulating microRNA-10a expression.	OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the expression level of lncRNA ITGB1 both in bladder cancer (BCa) tissue and cell lines, as well as to evaluate its function and potential mechanism in the progression of BCa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expressions of lncRNA ITGB1 in 36 BCa tissues samples (and corresponding adjacent normal ones) and cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After transfection of sh-ITGB1 in BCa cell lines, the effect of ITGB1 on the proliferation of BCa cells was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay. Subsequently, qRT-PCR was used to examine microRNA-10a expression in BCa tissues and cells after ITGB1 was silenced. At the same time, the correlation between ITGB1 and microRNA-10a expression was analyzed. Finally, cell recovery experiment was applied for the in-depth study of the interaction between ITGB1 and microRNA-10a and its underlying mechanism. RESULTS: LncRNA ITGB1 was found upregulated in BCa tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of lncRNA ITGB1 remarkably inhibited cell proliferation. The expression levels of ITGB1 and microRNA-10a in BCa tissues were negatively correlated. ITGB1 downregulation was found to be able to enhance microRNA-10a expression, suggesting that microRNA-10a may be a potential target for ITGB1 in BCa. In addition, cell reverse experiment also verified that ITGB1 could regulate the expression of microRNA-10a, and their interaction affected the malignant progression of BCa. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA ITGB1 level is upregulated in BCa tissues and associated with the pathological stage of BCa, which could be used as a new predictor of BCa patients' prognosis. In addition, ITGB1 might promote BCa cell proliferation via regulating microRNA-10a expression.	bladder
Thyroid Receptor-Interacting Protein 13 is Correlated with Progression and Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer.	BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 13 (TRIP13) is a member of the AAA+ ATPase family. The upregulation of TRIP13 has been shown to be involved in a few diseases, especially in cancers, but the expression and function of TRIP13 in bladder cancer is still elusive. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our study, the expression of TRIP13 was investigated with immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mRNAs of TRIP13 in bladder cancer and adjacent normal tissues were compared using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and IHC scores. The clinical value of TRIP13 was estimated by evaluating its correlation with other clinicopathological factors using the chi-square test. The prognostic significance of TRIP13 was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The effect of TRIP13 on proliferation and invasion was evaluated using function assays in vitro. RESULTS In the 139 samples of bladder cancer tissues, the patients with low and high expression of TRIP13 accounted for 64.03% and 35.97%, respectively. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TRIP13 in bladder cancer was significantly higher than in normal tissues. High expression of TRIP13 was remarkably correlated with T stage, metastasis, and poor prognosis. In addition, TRIP13 was demonstrated to promote the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS TRIP13 is correlated with poor prognosis of bladder cancer by promoting proliferation, invasion, and EMT, indicating that TRIP13 may be a promising drug target in bladder cancer.	bladder
An eight-long non-coding RNA signature as a candidate prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer.	Backgroud: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most fatal types of cancer worldwide. However, there are limited methods for us to provide a prognostic prediction of BLCA patients. Therefore, we aimed at developing a lncRNA signature to improve the prognosis prediction of BLCA. RESULTS: An eight-lncRNA signature was significantly associated with recurrence free survival in BLCA patients from both discovery and validation groups. Furthermore, genes involved in the signature were enriched in extracellular matrix organization pathway. Finally, functional experiments demonstrated that six out of the eight lncRNAs significantly regulated the invasion of BLCA cells. METHOD: A total of 343 BLCA patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were employed and randomly divided into training (n=172) and validating (n=171) groups. The lncRNA expression profiles of BLCA patients were screened and a risk-score formula were created and validated according to the Cox regression analysis. Next, WGCNA method was employed to cluster genes that highly correlated with the risk scores based on the profiling data of TCGA dataset and transwell assay was also performed to further investigate the role of these lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that the eight-lncRNA signature was a candidate prognostic biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence of patients with BLCA.	bladder