crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
MIS18BP1 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation and growth via inactivating P53 signaling pathway.	MIS18 bonding protein 1 (MIS18BP1) is a subunit of MIS18 complex, accumulated specifically at telophase-G1 centromere and regulated apoptosis, proliferation and migration in cancer cells. The mechanisms about how MIS18BP1 regulate Bladder Cancer (BCa) cell development have not been previously unknown. We analyzed MIS18BP1 differential expression in BCa by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Universal Protein database. The expression of MIS18BP1 mRNA was tested using qRT-PCR. The expression of MIS18BP1 protein was examined by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. T24 cells were transfected with an LV -MIS18BP1 -RNAi vector to decrease the MIS18BP1 expression. We used a series of experiments to detect the survival, proliferation and migration of T24. The apoptosis was analyzed by Flow cytometry assays. The expression of P53, BAX and Cleaved Casepase-3 was detected by western blot. P53 apoptosis-related proteins, proliferation and migration of cells were analyzed before and after treatment with P53 inhibitors. The expression of MIS18BP1 was higher in BCa tissues compared with control group. Its expression was in relation to clinical stage, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. We found that genes closely related to MIS18BP1 are mainly associated with cell cycle, chromosome separation and DNA repair in biological processes. After transfection, we found the proliferative capacity of T24 was significantly reduced. Transwell migration and scratch experiment demonstrated decreased migration. Meanwhile, downregulation of MIS18BP1 resulted in an increase in cell apoptosis. In addition, P53, BAX and Cleaved Casepase-3 were increased, whereas BCL2 protein was decreased in the MIS18BP1-downregulated T24. After treatment with Pifithrin-α, the phenotype of cell proliferation inhibition was restored. MIS18BP1 overexpression may be regulated to poor prognosis in BCa patients. MIS18BP1 may associated with cell apoptosis and proliferation in BC cells. This process may be mediated by P53 signal pathway.	bladder
Estimating the Impact of Adjuvant Treatment With Nivolumab on Long-Term Survivorship Rates Compared With Surveillance in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: Mixture Cure Modeling Analyses of Disease-Free Survival From the Phase 3 CheckMate 274 Trial.	"BACKGROUND: Curative potential of adjuvant nivolumab was compared with radical resection only among patients at high risk of recurrence following radical surgery of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC). METHODS: Using patient-level disease-free survival (DFS) data from CheckMate 274 (n = 709, minimum follow-up, 31.6 months), we applied mixture cure models (MCMs) to the adjuvant nivolumab (NIVO) and placebo (PBO) arms of the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and tumor PD-L1 expression ≥1% subpopulation. DFS was derived for hypothetical ""cured"" and ""uncured"" subgroups. DFS for the cured subgroup was estimated using WHO background mortality rates matched to trial demographic characteristics. Uncured DFS was modeled using parametric distributions and characterized with cure fractions by maximum-likelihood methods. Model selection considered clinical plausibility, visual comparisons of model fit, and goodness-of-fit statistics. RESULTS: MCM analysis demonstrated that almost all uncured patients experience recurrence or death within 5 years. Clinically plausible models estimated higher cure fractions in tumor PD-L1 ≥1% subgroup for patients treated with NIVO (PD-L1 ≥1%: 59.1%-61.0% vs ITT: 43.1%-45.1%), and highly similar cure fractions for patients receiving PBO irrespective of their PD-L1 expression (PD-L1 ≥1%: 35.9%-36.4% vs ITT: 36.4%-37.0%). Projected 10-year mean DFS was 4.38 to 4.47 years for NIVO and 3.61 to 3.64 years for PBO in the ITT population, and 5.54 to 5.65 years for NIVO and 3.54 to 3.57 years for PBO in the PD-L1 ≥1% subpopulation. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant NIVO for high-risk MIUC was associated with a higher cure fraction than PBO in the ITT and PD-L1 ≥1% populations. Results align with reported survival from the trial and highlight clinical outcomes of interest. CheckMate 274 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02632409."	bladder
Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: techniques, challenges, and survival outcomes: a comprehensive review.	Radical cystectomy (RC) with urinary diversion remains the gold-standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), yet its implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa is hindered by late-stage presentation, limited surgical expertise, and inadequate perioperative care. These challenges contribute to higher morbidity and poorer survival outcomes compared to high-income regions. Additionally, the high prevalence of schistosomiasis-associated squamous cell carcinoma, disparities in multidisciplinary cancer care, and the burden of comorbidities further complicate treatment.This review examines RC techniques practiced in Africa, from open to minimally invasive approaches, assessing their feasibility within resource-limited settings. It explores challenges specific to the region, highlighting the impact of infrastructure gaps, limited access to neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, and variations in surgical training. Addressing these barriers requires urgent investment in oncology infrastructure, expanded access to multimodal therapy, and early detection strategies. Optimizing perioperative management and promoting cost-effective urinary diversion techniques are critical to improving bladder cancer outcomes in the region.	bladder
Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm of the bladder with peritoneal metastasis.	Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a diverse group of mesenchymal neoplasms. While they have been described throughout the genitourinary system, PEComas are quite rare within the bladder. We present the case of a 37-year-old male who presented in clot retention and was found to have a bladder PEComa. Staging images seemingly demonstrated solid tumor confinement to the bladder and pelvis. Intraoperative pathology revealed peritoneal metastasis. The patient underwent a pelvic mass excision and partial cystectomy. The patient had plans for adjuvant chemotherapy, but later returned to the hospital and passed away from acute hypoxic respiratory failure.	bladder
Safety of nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg: review of data from phase 2 and phase 3 studies.	INTRODUCTION: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common malignancy worldwide. While Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is standard of care for treatment for most patients with high-risk NMIBC, many will either not respond to BCG initially or will eventually develop BCG-unresponsive disease. A treatment option in BCG-unresponsive disease is nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg (Adstiladrin), a nonreplicating adenoviral vector-based gene therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of adults with high-risk BCG-unresponsive NMIBC with carcinoma in situ with or without papillary tumors. OBJECTIVE: To review safety outcomes of participants who received the FDA-approved dose of nadofaragene firadenovec (3 × 10(11) vp/mL) across phase 2 (NCT01687244) and phase 3 (NCT02773849) studies. METHODS: Data from the phase 2 and phase 3 studies were collected and analyzed. The findings were reported using descriptive statistics to summarize the key outcomes observed across studies. RESULTS: Common adverse events (AEs) among nadofaragene firadenovec recipients were leakage of fluid around the urinary catheter, fatigue, bladder spasm, chills, dysuria, and micturition urgency. Most study drug-related AEs were mild and localized, with no grade 4 or 5 study drug-related AEs observed in either study. Study drug-related AEs were generally transient, with most study drug-related AEs having a median duration of ≤2.0 days in the phase 3 study. Discontinuation rates due to study drug-related AEs were low, with none (0%) in the phase 2 study and three (1.9%) in the phase 3 study. No specific postmarketing surveillance was required by the FDA besides routine pharmacovigilance monitoring; no new real-world safety signals have been observed. CONCLUSION: Nadofaragene firadenovec demonstrated a favorable and tolerable safety profile across its clinical study program, allowing for broad patient selection among those with high-risk BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.	bladder
Perspective on the use of optics in bladder cancer detection and diagnosis.	SIGNIFICANCE: Bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis, management, and outcomes depend on the accurate detection of tumors via optical technologies. Accordingly, understanding the benefits and limitations of these technologies permits improvements in patient care and identifies areas for future research. AIM: We outline the current process of BC detection and diagnosis, explore the current role of optical technologies, and discuss the opportunities and challenges they present in this field. APPROACH: The current diagnostic pathway of BC, the use of optical technologies, and their shortcomings in this process are reviewed. From there, opportunities and challenges of optics in BC detection and diagnosis are discussed. RESULTS: BC management is expensive due to the limitations of white light cystoscopy, the requirement for histopathological confirmation, and the need for long-term surveillance. Alternative non-optical methods lack accuracy, and available optical techniques focus only on cancer detection. Alternatives to histopathology need to provide accurate real-time results to be effective. Optical advancements offer potential benefits; however, challenges include cost-effectiveness, device complexity, required training, and tumor heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Optical techniques could accelerate BC diagnosis, reduce costs, and enable alternative treatments. However, overcoming technical and practical challenges is essential for their successful integration.	bladder
[Bladder Preservation Therapy for Bladder Cancer].	Bladder cancer is classified into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC).The prognosis for patients with NMIBC is generally favorable, and initial treatment for NMIBC typically involves transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT), along with bladder instillation therapy based on risk stratification, with the goal of controlling the cancer while preserving the bladder. For cases at high risk of recurrence or progression, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)intravesical therapy is used to prevent these events and ultimately avoid radical cystectomy. However, some patients exhibit BCG-unresponsive disease, defined as high-grade cancer persisting or recurring early after adequate BCG treatment. For BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, radical cystectomy is typically considered. However, recent advances are focused on the development of novel treatments aimed at bladder preservation in this patient population, offering hope for further progress in the future. The standard treatment for MIBC is radical cystectomy, but there is a certain number of patients who are either unfit for or unwilling to undergo this procedure. Addressing treatment options for these patients remains a significant unmet need. Recently, bladder preservation therapies using a multimodal approach, including trimodality therapy, have emerged as potential treatment options for MIBC. Appropriate patient selection, as well as further refinement and standardization of treatment protocols, remain key challenges.	bladder
Apigenin inhibits recurrent bladder cancer progression by targeting VEGF-β.	Bladder cancer is a major global health concern with high incidence and mortality rates. Both muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) present significant challenges in treatment. Apigenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has shown promise in inhibiting the growth of bladder cancer cells, however, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis and drug target screening were performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and potential therapeutic targets of apigenin were identified. Molecular docking was utilized to evaluate the binding affinity between apigenin and VEGF-β. In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the association of VEGF-β and apigenin. Drug target screening identified 51 common targets between apigenin and bladder cancer, with VEGF-β emerging as a dominant gene. Molecular docking confirmed a high binding affinity between apigenin and VEGF-β. VEGF-β was significantly upregulated in fibroblasts from recurrent bladder cancer, correlating with increased tumor malignancy. Enhanced cell communication in VEGF-β-positive fibroblasts contributed to tumor progression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that VEGF-β promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Apigenin significantly inhibits bladder cancer progression by targeting VEGF-β. The upregulation of VEGF-β in fibroblasts from recurrent bladder cancer highlights its potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. This study underscores the promise of apigenin as a chemopreventive and therapeutic agent for recurrent bladder cancer.	bladder
Chaetoglobosin A induces apoptosis in T-24 human bladder cancer cells through oxidative stress and MAPK/PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.	Chaetoglobosin A (ChA) is an antitumor compound produced by Chaetomium globosum. However, the mechanism of its antitumor effect has been rarely reported. In this study, we evaluated the anti-proliferative effect of ChA on T-24 human bladder cancer cells and explored its mechanism of action. ChA was found to have a good inhibitory effect on T-24 cells by MTT assay with an IC50 value of 48.14 ± 10.25 μΜ. Moreover, it was found to have a migration inhibitory ability and a sustained proliferation inhibitory effect on tumor cells by cell aggregation assay and cell migration assay. The cells morphological changes were determined by Hoechst33342 assay. While Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assay also demonstrated that the number of apoptotic cells increased with the increase of drug concentration. Flow cytometry results showed that ChA treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in T-24 cells and inhibited cell mitosis, resulting in an increase in the number of sub-G1 phase cells. Further western blot experiments demonstrated that MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways were activated after drug treatment in addition to endogenous and exogenous apoptotic pathways. The addition of the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) upregulated the expression level of Bcl-2 protein, decreased p38 phosphorylation, increased ERK phosphorylation and restored the levels of PI3K and p-mTOR after ChA treatment. These suggest that ChA induces apoptosis by regulating oxidative stress, MAPK, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways in T-24 cells.	bladder
Usefulness of multiparametric MRI for local staging of bladder cancer.	INTRODUCTION: Under staging and over staging are not uncommon with traditional MRI while staging bladder cancer. Current improvements in MRI technology due to addition of functional MR sequences that is, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have enhanced its clinical utility. The current study was designed to look for staging accuracy of multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) that is, T2W + DCE + DWI, over conventional MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients with bladder cancer were included were subjected to mp-MRI on a 3T scanner with a phased array body coil. Four MR image sets that is, T2W, T2W + DCE, T2W + DWI, and T2W + DCE + DWI were interpreted. Accuracy of each image set was determined separately and was compared with the gold standard histopathological staging. RESULT: Staging accuracy of different image set increased from T2W (55%) to DCE (72.5%) to DWI (80%). Maximum accuracy was seen in mp-MRI (T2W + DWI + DCE) (87.5%). While differentiating non muscle invasive from muscle invasive disease (⩽T1 vs ⩾T2 stage) staging accuracy increased from T2W (65%) to DCE (80%) to DWI (85%) with maximum in mp-MRI (90%). CONCLUSION: mp-MRI offers high staging accuracy for bladder cancer.	bladder
Bladder Cancer in Lebanon: An Updated Epidemiological Comparison with Global Regions and a Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors.	ObjectivesThis study aims to analyze urinary bladder cancer (UBC) incidence rates in Lebanon over a 12-year period (2005-2016) and compare them with rates in other countries. It also discusses UBC risk factors in Lebanon.IntroductionLebanon has one of the highest estimated age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRw) of UBC worldwide.MethodsData on UBC were obtained from the Lebanese national cancer registry for the years 2005-2016. The study calculated age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRw) and age-specific rates per 100 000 population. It also estimated the population attributable fractions of smoking, water pollution, and air pollution for UBC incidence in Lebanon in 2016. However, limited data precluded sensitivity analyses, potentially affecting the robustness of the estimates.ResultsDuring this period, UBC ranked as the third most common cancer in males (12.9% of all new cancer cases) and the eighth most common in females (2.8% of all new cancer cases), excluding non-melanoma skin cancer. The average ASIRw was 28.8 in men and 6.6 in women, placing Lebanon among the countries with the highest UBC incidence rates globally. UBC incidence rates increased with age. Estimates indicated that 46.4% of UBC cases in the Lebanese population were attributed to current smoking, 8.6% to water pollution with disinfection byproducts, and 6.0% to air pollution with PM2.5.ConclusionThis study underscores the urgent need to mitigate UBC risk in Lebanon through tobacco control and by reducing exposure to preventable environmental and occupational risk factors, including tobacco smoking, water pollution, and air pollution.	bladder
PLA2G7 promotes immune evasion of bladder cancer through the JAK-STAT-PDL1 axis.	Targeting immune checkpoints such as Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has been approved for treating bladder cancer and shows promising clinical benefits. However, the relatively low response rate highlights the need to seek an alternative strategy to traditional PD-1/PD-L1 targeting immunotherapy. In this study, we found that PLA2G7 is significantly elevated in bladder cancer and correlates with worse prognosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of PLA2G7 does not significantly affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Flow cytometry detection, as well as protein and RNA detection, showed that knockdown of PLA2G7 significantly inhibits PD-L1 expression and suppresses the growth of transplanted tumors by promoting CD8 + T-cell infiltration. Further experiments showed that PLA2G7 regulates the JAK-STAT pathway to promote PD-L1 expression by upregulating the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Meanwhile, results from syngeneic mouse models indicated that PLA2G7 suppression and anti-CTLA4 therapy have synergistic effects on tumor burden and mouse survival. In addition, we found that ETS1 promotes PLA2G7 overexpression in bladder cancer cells. In summary, our findings provide a novel immunotherapeutic strategy against bladder cancer through targeting the ETS1-PLA2G7-STAT1/STAT3-PD-L1 axis.	bladder
CD 14 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma of The Urinary Bladder (Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study).	BACKGROUND: Egypt has a significantly higher prevalence of cancer bladder than the rest of the world. CD-14 antigen is involved in Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling pathways in inflammatory tumor microenvironment which promote tumor development and proliferation. There have been few studies on CD14 antigen effect on urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. This study  aimed to evaluate the role of CD14 in prognosis of uurothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and its association with the tumor progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included fifty-one cases of urothelial carcinoma obtained either by cystoscopic biopsies or radical cystectomies. They were immunohistochemically stained using anti- CD14 antibody. Statistical correlations between CD14 expression and available clinicopathological data were done. RESULTS: Positive immunoexpression of CD14 was noted in 84.3% of all cases, showing scores 1, 2 & 3 in 9.8%, 29.4%, and 45.1% of cases, respectively. While negative immunoexpression was noted in 15.7% of cases and was scored as 0. A statistically significant correlation was noticed between CD14 immunohistochemical expression and each of the tumor grade, pathological tumor stage, status of muscle invasion, and pathological lymph node stage (P value=0.045, 0.030, 0.001, and 0.008 respectively). However, no statistically significant correlation was noted between CD14 immunohistochemical expression and each of the two-year survival rates in radical cystectomy cases and the mortality rate after exclusion of the postoperative complications (P value = 0.114 & 0.156 respectively). CONCLUSION: The intensity of CD14 expression was weak and even lost in high-grade and late-stage urothelial bladder carcinoma cases, while low-grade urothelial carcinoma cases showed CD14 overexpression. Accordingly, the significance of therapeutic approaches targeting CD14 in high-grade and late-stage urothelial bladder carcinoma shall be questionable.	bladder
CELF2 inhibits bladder cancer progression by decreasing the stability of CXCL5.	AIMS: CUGBP Elav-like family (CELF), an RNA-binding protein group, has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. The role of CELF2 in bladder cancer is still not well understood. This study aims to investigate the role of CELF2 in bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo using bioinformatics, biochemical, and functional methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We explored CELF2 and CELFs expression patterns and their association with bladder cancer by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas, University of California, Santa Cruz XENA, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia databases using various computational and statistical analyses, including unsupervised clustering, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and correlation assessments. We utilized the bladder cancer cell lines T24 and J82 for functional analyses. We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the impact of CELF2 expression levels on bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration. KEY FINDINGS: CELF2 expression was downregulated in bladder cancer and positively correlated with the progression-free interval in patients. Increased CELF2 expression suppressed the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, CELF2 was bound to AU-rich motifs in the 3'-UTR of CXCL5, reducing its stability, inhibiting CXCL5/CXCR2/AKT signaling, and repressing bladder cancer progression. Finally, we developed a prognostic model that revealed CELF2 and CXCL5 as independent prognostic factors for progression-free intervals in patients with bladder cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: CELF2 reduced the stability of CXCL5 and suppressed the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting p-AKT expression. The findings of this study highlight CELF2 as a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer treatment.	bladder