crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Application of the Z-scan technique for the detection of CFCDNA (cell-free circulating DNA) and urine DNA (uDNA) in patients with bladder cancer.	BACKGROUND: Patients with BC have a higher amount of cell-free circulating DNA (CFCDNA) in the blood and urine than healthy people. We aimed to verify if the Z-Scan method could analyze the concentrations of uDNA (urinary) and pDNA (plasma) in relation to the time of collection during treatment for patients with bladder cancer. METHODS: Peripheral blood and urine samples were obtained from 30 patients with BC at the time of diagnosis, 45, 90 and 180 days after initiating treatment; 5 μL of k-DNA (k = u or p) was added in 250 μL a solution of 1:1000 Ethidium Bromide dye (EtBr) in water. Continum laser Nd:YVO4, wavelength λ = 532 nm was used. Samples of uDNA and pDNA in water were submitted to the laser with an incident power of 84.5 mW and an exposure time of 30 ms. RESULTS: There was a different concentration of pDNA and uDNA during the treatment of patients using both optical techniques. However, the reaction rate of pDNA and uDNA was similar with spectrophotometry, whereas the z-scan technique presented different values. CONCLUSION: Z-scan technique has potential for use in the differentiation of pDNA and uDNA concentrations, which are distinct in patients with BC and healthy people.	bladder
Biomarkers in Non-Schistosomiasis-related squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A review.	Non-urothelial (NU) histologies represent less than 10% of bladder cancers, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common subtype (approximately 5%). Bladder SCCs are subdivided into Schistosoma-related or non-Schistosoma-related tumors, with the latter being the most frequent subtype in the western world. Typically, these patients have been excluded or under-represented in clinical trials and thus little is known about treatment efficacy in bladder SCC. To address this paucity of data, extrapolation from urothelial carcinoma (UC) trials can be performed but this approach has inherent limitations. In the era of precision medicine, efforts to characterize the genomic and molecular profiles of bladder tumors may yield evidence to support new targets for effective therapies. We reviewed the available data on biomarkers of bladder SCC and provide suggestions on how these may influence therapeutic testing and clinical trials in the future.	bladder
The landscape of chimeric RNAs in bladder urothelial carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: Gene fusions and products have been identified as oncogenic drivers in many cancers, making them attractive diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. However, the landscape of fusion transcripts in bladder cancer has not been fully characterized. METHODS: To identify fusion transcripts with potential therapeutic or diagnostic values, TCGA bladder urothelial carcinoma RNA-sequencing dataset was used. In order to avoid false positives, we applied multiple criteria including filtering out fusions detected in normal samples from GTEx dataset. We validated a subset of candidate fusions with a collection of bladder cancer and adjacent normal samples. RESULT: We identified 19,547 high confidence fusion genes from 414 bladder cancer samples. After filtering off M/M fusions, fusions in GTEx normal samples, and occurrence frequency <5, we obtained a list of 271 gene fusions, 13 of which were novel and specific to cancer samples. Six of those fusions were validated using cell lines and clinical samples. We discovered that two chimeric RNAs, BCL2L2-PABPN1 and CHFR-GOLGA3, were detected to be expressed significantly higher in bladder cancer samples compared to adjacent normal samples. Impressively, the wild-type of the parental genes were not differentially expressed. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that these two fusions are generated by cis-splicing between adjacent genes. These two fusions were detected mainly in the fraction of cell nucleus, suggesting a potential long noncoding RNA role. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide a panoramic view of the landscape of chimeric RNAs in bladder cancer. Some frequent chimeric RNAs are generated by intergenic splicing, and represent a new repertoire for potential biomarkers.	bladder
RAB14 activates MAPK signaling to promote bladder tumorigenesis.	Bladder cancer (BC) is a fatal invasive malignancy accounting for approximately 5% of all cancer deaths in humans; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential targeted therapeutics for BC patients remain unclear. We report herein that RAB14 was overexpressed in BC tissues and cells with high metastatic potential and its abundance was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), a high-grade tumor stage (P = 0.009), poor differentiation (P < 0.001) and unfavorable prognoses of BC patients (P = 0.003, log-rank test). Interference by RAB14 mediated a reduction in the TWIST1 protein and inhibited cell migration and invasion (P < 0.05). Moreover, silencing RAB14 reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and suppressed tumorigenesis in a mouse xenograft model. We demonstrated that RAB14-promoted BC cancer development and progression were associated with activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling through upregulation of MAPK1/MAPK8 and downregulation of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 6/Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein/Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOS). We provide evidence that RAB14 acts as a tumor promoter and modulates the invasion and metastatic potential of BC cells via activating the MAPK pathway.	bladder
Monoclonal Antibody against CXCL1 (HL2401) as a Novel Agent in Suppressing IL6 Expression and Tumoral Growth.	Rationale: The expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), an inflammatory protein, has been reported to be up-regulated in many human cancers. The mechanisms through which aberrant cellular CXCL1 levels promote specific steps in tumor growth and progression are unknown. Methods: We described the anticancer effects and mechanism of action of HL2401, a monoclonal antibody directed at CXCL1 with in vitro and in vivo data on bladder and prostate cancers. Results: HL2401 inhibited proliferation and invasion of bladder and prostate cells along with disrupting endothelial sprouting in vitro. Furthermore, novel mechanistic investigations revealed that CXCL1 expression stimulated interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and repressed tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4). Systemic administration of HL2401 in mice bearing bladder and prostate xenograft tumors retarded tumor growth through the inhibition of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis along with an induction of apoptosis. Our findings reveal a previously undocumented relationship between CXCL1, IL6 and TIMP4 in solid tumor biology. Principal conclusions: Taken together, our results argue that CXCL1 plays an important role in sustaining the growth of bladder and prostate tumors via up-regulation of IL6 and down-regulation of TIMP4. Targeting these critical interactions with a CXCL1 monoclonal antibody offers a novel strategy to therapeutically manage bladder and prostate cancers.	bladder
Anesthetic Management in an Adult Patient With Costello Syndrome: A Case Report.	Costello syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by mental and growth retardation and distinctive coarse facies. A significant proportion of patients with Costello syndrome have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, papillomata, and malignant tumors. General anesthesia practice, especially airway and cardiac management, in patients with Costello syndrome may be complicated by anatomical features and cardiac abnormalities. There have been several reports on the anesthetic management of children with Costello syndrome, but few have reported on the anesthetic management of adults with Costello syndrome. In adults, careful preoperative evaluation as well as preparation for adult-onset and previously unrecognized medical conditions are key for safe anesthetic management.	bladder
Clinical and Genomic Considerations for Variant Histology in Bladder Cancer.	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Urothelial carcinoma demonstrates remarkable plasticity in its ability to differentiate into divergent histologic subtypes in both a pure and mixed form. This review presents the most current data pertaining to bladder cancer with variant histology. RECENT FINDINGS: Recognition of bladder cancer variants has increased profoundly in the past two decades with their inclusion in the pathologic guidelines and increased awareness among pathologists and urologists. Most of the available literature consists of small single-institutional studies, but there is compelling evidence to support deviation from the normal urothelial carcinoma management pathways for certain subtypes. While traditionally diagnosed by microscopic appearance, next-generation sequencing and molecular profiling have enabled identification of genomic markers associated with specific variants that exist in tumors lacking classic histologic hallmarks. This genomic information holds promise for predicting response to specific treatments or even in the development of novel targeted therapies. Combining increased awareness of variant histology, its impact on clinical outcomes, and genomic data will result in a more nuanced treatment approach to reduce morbidity and optimize oncologic outcomes for our patients.	bladder
Clinical predictors and survival outcome of patients receiving suboptimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-center experience.	PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of and factors' association with receiving suboptimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and its impact on survival outcomes in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS: We reviewed 1119 patients treated with NAC and/or RC for cT2-cT4N0M0 BC. Patients were segregated into three groups: (i) suboptimal NAC (received < 3 cycles of cisplatin-based NAC or non-cisplatin-based regimen), (ii) optimal NAC and (iii) no NAC. Clinical characteristics were compared among groups. Logistic regression analyses tested the association between clinical variables and the odds of receiving suboptimal NAC. To adjust for potential baseline confounders, propensity score matching was performed. Pathologic outcomes were compared between groups and Cox regression analyses tested the risk factors associated with recurrence, overall (OM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM). RESULTS: Before matching, 84/315 (26.6%) patients received a suboptimal NAC regimen. Lower general health status and impaired renal functions were the most significant factors associated with the administration of a suboptimal NAC. After matching, the optimal NAC group achieved higher rates of complete pathological response as compared to the suboptimal group (p = 0.03). Suboptimal NAC (HR 1.77; p = 0.015) and no NAC (HR 1.52; p = 0.03) were both associated with higher risk of recurrence and OM (HR 1.71; p = 0.02 and HR 1.61; p = 0.02) as compared to optimal NAC. CONCLUSION: One out of four MIBC patients received a suboptimal NAC regimen before RC. Receiving a suboptimal NAC regimen was associated with worse disease recurrence and survival outcomes following surgery, as compared to an optimal NAC regimen.	bladder
Propensity-matched analysis of patient-reported outcomes for neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy.	PURPOSE: To evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for bladder cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical cystectomy (RC) using longitudinal data and propensity-matched scoring analyses. METHODS: 155 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer scheduled for RC completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaires, EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-BLM30, Fear of Recurrence Scale, Mental Health Inventory and Satisfaction with Life Scale within 4 weeks of surgery. A propensity-matched analysis was performed comparing pre-surgery PROs among 101 patients who completed NAC versus 54 patients who did not receive NAC. We also compared PROs pre- and post-chemotherapy for 16 patients who had data available for both time points. RESULTS: In propensity-matched analysis, NAC-treated patients reported better emotional and sexual function, mental health, urinary function and fewer financial concerns compared to those that did not receive NAC. Longitudinal analysis showed increases in fatigue, nausea and appetite loss following chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Propensity-matched analysis did not demonstrate a negative effect of NAC on PRO. Several positive associations of NAC were found in the propensity-matched analysis, possibly due to other confounding differences between the two groups or actual clinical benefit. Longitudinal analysis of a small number of patients found small to modest detrimental effects from NAC similar to toxicities previously reported. Our preliminary findings, along with known survival and toxicity data, should be considered in decision-making for NAC.	bladder
Cystoscopy Real-Time Self-Visualization and Its Impact in Patient's Pain Perception.	OBJECTIVES: To determine if self-visualization of ambulatory cystoscopy provides a decrease in pain perception in male and female patients. METHODS: A quasi-randomized controlled trial involving patients scheduled for ambulatory cystoscopy from August to November 2017. The indications were: hematuria, bladder cancer surveillance, lower urinary tract symptoms, and incontinence. The patients were quasi-randomized into two groups by scheduled date. Both groups received the same explanation before and during cystoscopy. The variables analyzed were gender, age, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, number of previous cystoscopies, and indication and positivity of the test for bladder neoplasia. All patients were analyzed by group and gender separately. The statistical tests used were: Wilcoxon rank-sum, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. RESULTS: Four hundred four patients were included (318 males and 86 females) and divided into two groups, group A (no self-visualization, n = 239) and group B (self-visualization, n = 165). In males, mean VAS score was 2.6 for group A and 2.5 for group B (p = 0.276); in females, VAS score was 2.78 for group A and 1.64 for group B (p = 0.008). Regarding the remaining variables analyzed, neither positivity of the test for neoplasia (p = 0.14) nor cystoscopy indication (p = 0.597) had any influence. In patients with two or more previous cystoscopies, a reduction in mean VAS score was seen in both genders. In males having their first cystoscopy the mean VAS score was 3.1 and decreased to 2.1 for the third or more (p = 0.001); in females the mean VAS score was 2.89 for the first and 1.56 for the third or more (p = 0.02), although this benefit tended to disappear when the number of previous cystoscopies was taken into account. CONCLUSION: In male patients, self-visualization of cystoscopy did not impact pain perception, while in female patients, it seemed to provide a benefit. The number of previous cystoscopies had an influence, diminishing the perception of pain, regardless of whether the patient visualized the procedure or not.	bladder
HIF-1α expression is inversely associated with tumor stage, grade and microvessel density in urothelial bladder carcinoma.	Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is the most common urinary tract malignancy. The most important histopathological factors affecting prognosis are cancer stage and grade. Studies show that microvessel density (MVD) reflecting angiogenesis is also associated with clinicopathological features and affects the outcome in UBC. One of the most important regulators of angiogenesis is hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Previous reports describing expression of the HIF-1α subunit in UBC showed unclear and inconsistent results. Our study attempted do evaluate the association between HIF-1α expression and tumor stage, grade, lymph nodes status and MVD in UBC. We performed immunohistochemical staining in 99 UBC cases, including 38 non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and 61 muscle invasive tumors (MIBC). We observed inverse relationships between HIF-1α immunoreactivity score (IRS) and tumor stage, grade and MVD. Significantly lower HIF-1α IRS values were observed in MIBC and high grade cancers. We found a significant negative correlation between HIF-1α IRS and MVD. These results suggest that HIF-1α pathway is not involved in UBC growth and progression, and that angiogenesis in high grade MIBC is not regulated by HIF-1. Our findings contradict previous reports regarding HIF-1α, MVD and UBC which shows the necessity of additional molecular studies in this field.	bladder
Zonula occludens-1 associated nucleic acid binding protein plays an invasion-promoting role in bladder cancer.	Cancer cell invasion is an important characteristic of malignant tumors. Cancer cells overcome the constraints of tight junctions (TJ) to invade other tissues, but less is known about the regulating role of tight junction on bladder cancer (BC) invasion. In order to identify the invasion-regulating function of tight junction component, we investigated the oncogenetic features of zonula occludens-1 associated nucleic acid binding protein (ZONAB), a TJ protein that is usually highly expressed in solid cancers. Expression of ZONAB was found to be up-regulated in human BC cell lines detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting. ZONAB expression was significantly up-regulated in BC cell lines and negatively regulated E-cadherin expression. Overexpression of ZONAB by stable transduction in human BC cell lines promoted invasion detected by transwell invasion assay. Conversely, stable suppression of ZONAB expression by RNA interference (RNAi) in BC cells attenuated invasion. A similar role for ZONAB in promoting invasion and EMT was observed in xenografts. In summary, ZONAB is up-regulated in BC cell lines, which promotes invasion, demonstrating the important role it plays in tumorogenesis and cancer progression.	bladder
LncSNHG14 promotes the development and progression of bladder cancer by targeting miRNA-150-5p.	OBJECTIVE: To elucidate whether lncSNHG14 could influence the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of bladder cancer cells via binding to microRNA-150-5p (miRNA-150-5p). We aim to investigate the potential mechanism of miRNA-150-5p in the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer (BCa). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Expression levels of SNHG14 and miRNA-150-5p in BCa tissues and normal bladder tissues were determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Their expressions in BCa cell lines were detected as well. Regulatory effects of NHG14 and miRNA-150-5p on proliferative potential and cell cycle progression were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. Through the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, binding conditions between SNHG14 and miRNA-150-5p, as well as between miRNA-150-5p and synaptic vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), were verified. Finally, rescue experiments were performed to clarify whether SNHG14 regulated behaviors of BCa cells by absorbing miRNA-150-5p to degrade VAMP2. RESULTS: SNHG14 was highly expressed in BCa tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of SNHG14 accelerated the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of BCa cells. SNHG14 was confirmed to bind to miRNA-150-5p. MiRNA-150-5p remained a low expression in BCa tissues. Moreover, miRNA-150-5p overexpression suppressed proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of BCa cells, which could reverse the promotive role of SNHG14 on behaviors of BCa cells. Furthermore, VAMP2 was the target gene of miRNA-150-5p. VAMP2 overexpression reversed the biological function of miRNA-150-5p in inhibiting proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of T24 and UC9 cells. CONCLUSIONS: LncSNHG14 overexpression accelerates proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of BCa cells through absorbing miRNA-150-5p to degrade VAMP2 expression.	bladder
MiR-34b-3p Represses the Multidrug-Chemoresistance of Bladder Cancer Cells by Regulating the CCND2 and P2RY1 Genes.	BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is a main limitation in chemotherapy for therapeutic cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been indicated in the progression and tumorigenesis of many types of cancer, but the effect of miR-34b-3p in bladder cancer (BCa) cells is still unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS This research compared the multidrug-sensitive (5637) BCa cell line and the multidrug-resistant (EJ) BCa cell line. We found that CCND2 (G1/S-specific cyclin-D2) and P2RY1 (purinergic receptor P2Y1) were the targets of miR-34b-3p, as further validated by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and western blot analysis. RESULTS Forced reversal of the levels of miR-34b-3p or CCND2/P2RY1 changed the chemoresistance profiles in both 5637 cells and EJ cells. Further experiments suggested that the CCND2 gene and the P2RY1 gene act in concert to negatively correlate with miR-34b-3p effect on BCa multidrug-chemoresistance. CONCLUSIONS These results not only reveal new players regulating BCa chemoresistance, but also provide clues for effective chemotherapy for BCa patients.	bladder
MCL1 and DEDD Promote Urothelial Carcinoma Progression.	Focal amplification of chromosome 1q23.3 in patients with advanced primary or relapsed urothelial carcinomas is associated with poor survival. We interrogated chromosome 1q23.3 and the nearby focal amplicon 1q21.3, as both are associated with increased lymph node disease in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Specifically, we assessed whether the oncogene MCL1 that resides in 1q21.3 and the genes that reside in the 1q23.3 amplicon were required for the proliferation or survival of urothelial carcinoma. We observed that suppressing MCL1 or the death effector domain-containing protein (DEDD) in the cells that harbor amplifications of 1q21.3 or 1q23.3, respectively, inhibited cell proliferation. We also found that overexpression of MCL1 or DEDD increased anchorage independence growth in vitro and increased experimental metastasis in vivo in the nonamplified urothelial carcinoma cell line, RT112. The expression of MCL1 confers resistance to a range of apoptosis inducers, while the expression of DEDD led to resistance to TNFα-induced apoptosis. These observations identify MCL1 and DEDD as genes that contribute to aggressive urothelial carcinoma. IMPLICATIONS: These studies identify MCL1 and DEDD as genes that contribute to aggressive urothelial carcinomas.	bladder