crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
[Development of a squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder after intravesical condylomas].	BACKGROUND: The occurrence of intravesical condylomata acuminata has been described as a fairly uncommon, benign epithelial lesion. Reports on progression into a muscle-invasive carcinoma of the bladder are rare. CASE: We present the case of a 68-year-old man who had a history of intravesical condylomata acuminata over several years and developed a muscle-invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Having undergone several transurethral resections, but failed to receive intravesical instillation therapy or continuous follow-up examinations, the patient visited our department. After being diagnosed with ichthyosis vesicae, the patient had a rapid disease progress and developed a muscle-invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder within 3 months. He underwent radical cystectomy. SUMMARY: The carcinogenic potency of the human papilloma virus is well known for carcinomas of the male and female genitals. The occurrence of intravesical condylomata is rare. They are commonly perceived as benign lesions and, therefore, mainly treated symptomatically. Our case shows that progression to a highly aggressive muscle-invasive squamous cell carcinoma is possible. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of intravesical condylomata acuminata requires stringent urologic follow-up examinations including biopsy of suspicious lesions and stage-appropriate surgical management in the case of an invasive carcinoma.	bladder
Long non-coding RNA in bladder cancer.	Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignant disease and ranks fourteenth in cancer mortality worldwide. Moreover, among cancers, the incidence and mortality of BC in males increased to the 6th and 9th place, respectively. The overall survival (OS) declines dramatically as the cancer progresses, especially when urothelial cells transition from noninvasive to invasive. It is well known that epithelial cells can acquire invasive properties and a propensity to metastasize through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in tumourigenesis and progression. However, the potential molecular mechanisms and key pathways are still unclear. As the sequencing technology advances, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play an important role in regulating biological processes and cellular pathways. Here, we reviewed important lncRNAs, such as H19, UCA1 and MALAT1, that participate in the malignant phenotype of BC and regulate EMT signalling networks in the invasion-metastasis cascade during BC development. We further discuss MALAT1, PCAT-1 and SPRY4-IT1, and also urine and blood exosomal H19 and PTENP as potential noninvasive biomarkers. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and a double-stranded DNA plasmid (BC-819) have been designed for use in preclinical cancer models and clinical trials in patients. Therefore, the results of investigations have gradually prompted the utility of lncRNAs.	bladder
[The Development of the Preoperative Nomogram Predicting Major Perioperative Complications after Radical Cystectomy with Ileal Conduit or Orthotopic Neobladder].	Radical cystectomy (RC) is the gold standard for managing muscle-invasive and high-risknon-muscleinvasive bladder cancer, but is accompanied by non-negligible operative risk. The aim of this study is to identify preoperative variables to predict major perioperative complications after RC and to develop a nomogram using the cohort from multiple institutions in Japan. We retrospectively reviewed 668 patients who underwent open RC with ileal conduit or neobladder at Hokkaido University hospital and 20 affiliated institutions between 1997 and 2010. Complications occurring within 90 days of surgery were graded using modified Clavien classification system. We defined modified Clavien grade 3 or more as major complications and performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Predictive accuracy of the nomogram was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). A total of 528 men and 140 women were included in this study. There were a total of 160/668 patients (24%) with major perioperative complications. A multivariate model identified gender (OR : 1. 63, p=0. 04), cardiovascular comorbidity (OR : 1.48, p=0.03) and simultaneous nephroureterectomy (OR : 2.81, p=0. 01) as independent predictors. Using these 3 variables, a nomogram was developed with the AUC of 0.58. Predictive performance of our nomogram showed only fair performance ; but at least, we identified male, cardiovascular comorbidity and simultaneous nephroureterectomy as independent predictors of perioperative major complications.	bladder
Identification of gene expression profiles and immune cell infiltration signatures between low and high tumor mutation burden groups in bladder cancer.	Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed tumors and is results from the accumulation of somatic mutations in the DNA. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been associated with cancer immunotherapeutic response. In this study, we attempted to explore the correlation between TMB and cancer prognosis. Identify the different expressed genes and immune cell infiltration signatures between low and high TMB group. Mutation data, gene expression profiles and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients were divided into high and low TMB groups, allowing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to be identified. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were used to identify the functions of the DEGs. And immune cell infiltration signatures were evaluated by CIBERSORT algorithm. These results shown that high TMB was significantly associated with prognosis. We obtained a list of TMB related genes which may influence the infiltrations of immune cells. We also found a higher proportion of CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells and NK cells in the high TMB group. Our data suggest that higher TMB tends to promote the infiltrations of T cells and NK cells and patients with higher TMB may achieve a more favorable prognosis in bladder cancer.	bladder
Upregulation of long non-coding RNA ROR1-AS1 promotes cell growth and migration in bladder cancer by regulation of miR-504.	BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence has suggested that multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act key regulatory functions in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. This study aimed to determine the expression and clinical significance of lncRNA ROR1 antisense RNA 1 (ROR1-AS1) from patients with bladder cancer, and to explore the potential role and mechanism underlying ROR1-AS1-related cancer progression. METHODS: Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was conducted to detected the expression levels of ROR1-AS1 and miR-504 in bladder cancer samples and cell lines. Chi-square test was used for correlation analysis. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and wound scratch assays were applied to assesses the effects of ROR1-AS1 overexpression and knockdown on bladder cancer cell growth and migration in vitro, respectively. The prognosis of bladder cancer patients was evaluated by survival curves with Kaplan-Meier method. The regulatory mechanism of ROR1-AS1 on miR-504 was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS: ROR1-AS1 levels were obviously upregulated in bladder cancer tissues than matched normal bladder tissues. High expression of ROR1-AS1 was remarkably correlated with higher histological grade, advanced tumor stage, and positive lymph node metastasis. High ROR1-AS1 expression was markedly correlated with shorter overall survival of bladder cancer patients. Moreover, knockdown of ROR1-AS1 notably repressed T24 and 5637 cell growth and migration. ROR1-AS1 directly bound with miR-504 and act as a molecular sponge to decrease miR-504 expression. Silencing of miR-504 partly abrogated ROR1-AS1 knockdown-induced inhibitory effects on bladder cancer cell growth and migration. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that increased ROR1-AS1 promotes cell growth and migration of bladder cancer via regulation of miR-504, indicating ROR1-AS1 may be used as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer.	bladder
Management of anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents in the radical cystectomy patient.	BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a disease of the older adult, and management of comorbid conditions requiring anticoagulation (AC) or antiplatelet agents (APA) around the time of radical cystectomy (RC) is a frequent clinical challenge. It is estimated that 10% of adult surgical patients are on chronic anticoagulation medications, and considerations surrounding the perioperative disruption, resumption, and modification or substitution of AC and APA in patients undergoing radical cystectomy are critical for the practicing urologist. METHODS: In our report, we performed a comprehensive literature review using PubMed to evaluate all available studies from 1950 to present. Additionally, we reviewed current multidisciplinary guideline papers from the American College of Surgeons, American College of Cardiology, and CHEST Society regarding perioperative management of anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents. RESULTS: Our keyword search yielded 35 articles from 1950 to 2019. We identified 16 studies pertaining specifically to evaluation and perioperative management of anticoagulation in patient undergoing RC. Many of the recommendations in this realm are informed by trial data outside the RC population in the general surgical population or general adult population. Current guidelines from the American College of Surgeons, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, and CHEST Society inform our recommendations heavily and are summarized in Table 1. CONCLUSIONS: Radical cystectomy remains both a mainstay of therapy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and a morbid procedure. Competing risks of perioperative hemorrhage and thromboembolic events make management of anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents an important and modifiable risk factor. Our review of the current literature highlights the knowledge gap that exists in management of these agents in the radical cystectomy patient. A multi-disciplinary approach to management of this clinical challenge remains a mainstay of treatment.	bladder
Coffee consumption and risk of bladder cancer: a pooled analysis of 501,604 participants from 12 cohort studies in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study.	Recent epidemiological studies have shown varying associations between coffee consumption and bladder cancer (BC). This research aims to elucidate the association between coffee consumption and BC risk by bringing together worldwide cohort studies on this topic. Coffee consumption in relation to BC risk was examined by pooling individual data from 12 cohort studies, comprising of 2601 cases out of 501,604 participants. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were obtained using multilevel Weibull regression models. Furthermore, dose-response relationships were examined using generalized least squares regression models. The association between coffee consumption and BC risk showed interaction with sex (P-interaction < 0.001) and smoking (P-interaction = 0.001). Therefore, analyses were stratified by sex and smoking. After adjustment for potential confounders, an increased BC risk was shown for high (> 500 ml/day, equivalent to > 4 cups/day) coffee consumption compared to never consumers among male smokers (current smokers: HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.27-2.42, P-trend = 0.002; former smokers: HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.12-1.85, P-trend = 0.001). In addition, dose-response analyses, in male smokers also showed an increased BC risk for coffee consumption of more than 500 ml/day (4 cups/day), with the risk of one cup (125 ml) increment as 1.07 (95% CI 1.06-1.08). This research suggests that positive associations between coffee consumption and BC among male smokers but not never smokers and females. The inconsistent results between sexes and the absence of an association in never smokers indicate that the associations found among male smokers is unlikely to be causal and is possibly caused by residual confounding of smoking.	bladder
TP63 isoform expression is linked with distinct clinical outcomes in cancer.	BACKGROUND: Half of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients will relapse with metastatic disease and molecular tests to predict relapse are needed. TP63 has been proposed as a prognostic biomarker in bladder cancer, but reports associating it with clinical outcomes are conflicting. Since TP63 is expressed as multiple isoforms, we hypothesized that these conflicting associations with clinical outcome may be explained by distinct opposing effects of differential TP63 isoform expression. METHODS: Using RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), TP63 isoform-level expression was quantified and associated with clinical covariates (e.g. survival, stage) across 8,519 patients from 29 diseases. A comprehensive catalog of TP63 isoforms was assembled using gene annotation databases and de novo discovery in bladder cancer patients. Quantifications and un-annotated TP63 isoforms were validated using quantitative RT-PCR and a separate bladder cancer cohort. FINDINGS: DNp63 isoform expression was associated with improved bladder cancer patient survival in patients with a luminal subtype (HR = 0.89, CI 0.80-0.99, Cox p = 0.034). Conversely, TAp63 isoform expression was associated with reduced bladder cancer patient survival in patients with a basal subtype (HR = 2.35, CI 1.64-3.37, Cox p < 0.0001). These associations were observed in multiple TCGA disease cohorts and correlated with epidermal differentiation (DNp63) and immune-related (TAp63) gene signatures. INTERPRETATION: These results comprehensively define TP63 isoform expression in human cancer and suggest that TP63 isoforms are involved in distinct transcriptional programs with opposing effects on clinical outcome.	bladder
Highly Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generators Based on Ruthenium Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Evaluation for Photodynamic Therapy.	Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Torres at the University of Madrid. The image of the cover of this issue depicts cancer cells being destroyed by reactive singlet oxygen produced by ruthenium phthalocyanine glycoconjugates under red light. The work, developed at the Universities of Madrid, Aveiro, Lisbon and Coimbra, describes ruthenium phthalocyanines as powerful bladder cancer PDT agents. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903546.	bladder
Disparities in Stage at Diagnosis in an Equal-access Integrated Delivery System: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 7244 Patients With Bladder Cancer.	BACKGROUND: Disparities in bladder cancer survival by race/ethnicity and gender are likely related to differences in diagnosis. We assessed disparities in stage at diagnosis and potential contributing factors within a large, integrated delivery system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 7244 patients with bladder cancer age ≥ 21 years diagnosed from January 2001 to June 2015 within Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Bivariate analyses compared stage at diagnosis - as well as comorbidities, health plan membership length, and health care utilization prior to diagnosis - by race/ethnicity, gender, and age. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models with urologist as a random effect were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) versus non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. RESULTS: In multivariable analyses, stage at diagnosis varied significantly by race/ethnicity (P < .001). Non-Hispanic black patients had significantly higher odds of being diagnosed with MIBC than non-Hispanic white patients (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05-1.67), whereas Asian patients had significantly lower odds (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.91). Women were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with MIBC than men (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.22-1.61). Non-Hispanic black women had the highest proportion (39%) of MIBC diagnoses. Among Hispanic and Asian patients, a greater proportion of diagnoses occurred at younger ages. CONCLUSIONS: Health care coverage within an equal-access system did not eliminate disparities in stage at diagnosis by race/ethnicity or gender. Studies are needed to identify etiologic factors and aspects of care delivery (eg, patient-physician interactions) that may affect the diagnostic process to inform efforts to improve health equity.	bladder
Assessing the Clinical Benefit of UBC Rapid in the Surveillance and Initial Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer.	INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that abnormal urine levels of cytokeratins 8 and 18 are associated with bladder cancer. However, the clinical benefit of the UBC (urinary bladder cancer) Rapid assay has remained unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed the UBC Rapid assay and voided cytology in 336 patients-297 in surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and 39 with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated by contingency. We also controlled for the patients with positive UBC Rapid findings but negative cystoscopy findings to prove the former's ability to provide an anticipatory diagnosis. RESULTS: We diagnosed 27 recurrences (9.8%). Overall, the sensitivity of the UBC Rapid assay was better for the higher risk groups and after adding the cytology findings. The only independent predictor of a positive UBC Rapid assay was the tumor size. Of the 81 patients with positive UBC Rapid findings without positive cystoscopy findings, 8 (10%) had developed a recurrence within the first year. Avoiding cystoscopy for the patients with UBC Rapid negative results could avoid 184 cystoscopies (66%) but would result in missing 7 of 13 high-risk recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the UBC Rapid assay improved with increasing tumor size. Limiting cystoscopies to patients with UBC Rapid positive results could result in a reduction in surveillance cystoscopies but could result in missing high-risk recurrences. Finally, the UBC Rapid assay was not useful for anticipatory diagnoses.	bladder
Is the En Bloc Transurethral Resection More Effective than Conventional Transurethral Resection for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.	BACKGROUND: En bloc transurethral resection (ERBT) is a major topic of discussion as an alternative to conventional transurethral resection (cTURBT) for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) addressing the limitations of cTURBT. METHODS: We searched through electronic databases including Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar for articles published up to April 1, 2019; RevMan 5.3 was used to conduct this meta-analysis. Results were expressed as 95% confidence intervals (CI) and risk differences (RD). RESULTS: Nine trials met the inclusion criteria (n = 1,020 patients): 1 study was a randomized controlled trial including a total of 142 participants, 4 studies had a prospective paired design including 605 patients, and 4 studies were retrospective (n = 273 patients). Duration of continuous postoperative bladder irrigation (RD -0.16; 95% CI -3.47 to 0.28; I2 = 97%; p = 0.10) and operation time (RD 0.05; 95% CI -0.23 to 0.32; I2 = 79%; p = 0.74) were not significantly different between ERBT and cTURBT. However, hospitalization time (I2 = 96%; χ2 = 203.16; p = 0.01) and catheterization time (I2 = 95%; χ2 = 163.24; p = 0.02), as well as 24-month recurrence rate (I2 = 0%; χ2 = 0.98; p = 0.008) were significantly better using the ERBT scheme. The incidence of urethral stricture between both schemes (95% CI -0.03 to 0.02; p = 0.50) was not different, but complications such as obturator nerve reflex (95% CI 0.01 to 0.12; p < 0.00001) and bladder perforation (95% CI 0.05 to 0.59; p = 0.50) were less frequent in the ERBT group. CONCLUSION: ERBT is an effective treatment approach with some advantages for NMIBC. Our meta-analysis revealed that hospitalization time, catheterization time, and 24-month recurrence rate is superior in patients treated with ERBT than cTURBT, and ERBT patients also have a lower complication rate. Furthermore, ERBT improves the quality of tumor specimens and decreases the frequency of repeat transurethral bladder cancer resection. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our results.	bladder
Lysophosphatidic Acid Upregulates Recepteur D'origine Nantais Expression and Cell Invasion via Egr-1, AP-1, and NF-κB Signaling in Bladder Carcinoma Cells.	Muscle invasive bladder carcinoma is a highly malignant cancer with a high mortality rate, due to its tendency to metastasize. The tyrosine kinase recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) promotes bladder carcinoma metastasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid derivative, which acts as a signaling molecule to activate three high affinity G-protein coupled receptors, LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3. This in turn leads to cell proliferation and contributes to oncogenesis. However, little is known about the effects of LPA on invasive bladder cancer (IBC). In this study, we discovered that LPA upregulated RON expression, which in turn promoted cell invasion in bladder cancer T24 cells. As expected, we found that the LPA receptor was essential for the LPA induced increase in RON expression. More interestingly, we discovered that LPA induced RON expression via the MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK1/2), Egr-1, AP-1, and NF-κB signaling axes. These results provide experimental evidence and novel insights regarding bladder malignancy metastasis, which could be helpful for developing new therapeutic strategies for IBC treatment.	bladder