crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Severe itch from miliaria managed with propantheline: a case report.	Itch is a common symptom faced in palliative care. In this case report, we present a patient in his 80s with a background of prostate and bladder cancer who fell and was subsequently immobile following a resultant vertebral fracture. He experienced persistent and distressing pruritis during his hospital stay. This case highlights the assessment and management of pruritis in a palliative care setting, eventually leading to a diagnosis of miliaria which was successfully treated with Propantheline.	bladder
Gold nanorod-assisted theranostic solution for nonvisible residual disease in bladder cancer.	Residual nonvisible bladder cancer after proper treatment caused by technological and therapeutic limitations is responsible for tumor relapse and progression. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of a solution for simultaneous detection and treatment of bladder cancer lesions smaller than one millimeter. The α5β1 integrin was identified as a specific marker in 81% of human high-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancers and used as a target for the delivery of targeted gold nanorods (GNRs). In a preclinical model of orthotopic bladder cancer expressing the α5β1 integrin, the photoacoustic imaging of targeted GNRs visualized lesions smaller than one millimeter, and their irradiation with continuous laser was used to induce GNR-assisted hyperthermia. Necrosis of the tumor mass, improved survival, and computational modeling were applied to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of this solution. Our study highlights the potential of the GNR-assisted theranostic strategy as a complementary solution in clinical practice to reduce the risk of nonvisible residual bladder cancer after current treatment. Further validation through clinical studies will support the findings of the present study.	bladder
High-dose radiation-induced immunogenic cell death of bladder cancer cells leads to dendritic cell activation.	Radiotherapy is a commonly used method in the treatment of bladder cancers (BC). Radiation-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) is related to the immune response against cancers and their prognoses. Even though dendritic cells (DC) act as powerful antigen-presenting cells in the body, their precise role in this ICD process remains unclear. Accordingly, an in vitro study was undertaken to ascertain whether high-dose radiation-induced ICD of BC cells could regulate the immune response of DC. The results indicated that high-dose radiation treatments of BC cells significantly increased their levels of apoptosis, blocked their cell cycle in the G2/M phase, increased their expression of ICD-related proteins, and upregulated their secretion of CCL5 and CCL21 which control the directed migration of DC. It was also noted that expression of CD80, CD86, CCR5, and CCR7 on DC was upregulated in the medium containing the irradiated cells. In conclusion, the present findings illustrate that high-dose radiation can induce the occurrence of ICD within BC cells, concomitantly resulting in the activation of DC. Such findings could be of great significance in increasing the understanding how radiotherapy of BC may work to bring about reductions in cell activity and how these processes in turn lead to immunoregulation of the function of DC.	bladder
SOX7 inhibits the malignant progression of bladder cancer via the DNMT3B/CYGB axis.	Bladder cancer (BCa) stands out as a highly prevalent malignant tumor affecting the urinary system. The Sex determining region Y-box protein family is recognized for its crucial role in BCa progression. However, the effect of Sex determining region Y-box 7 (SOX7) on BCa progression has not been fully elucidated. Herein, RNA-sequencing, western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and tissue microarray were utilized to assess SOX7 expression in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, SOX7 expression, prognosis, and SOX7 + cytoglobin (CYGB) score were analyzed using R software. In vitro and vivo experiments were performed with BCa cell lines to validate the effect of SOX7 knockdown and overexpression on the malignant progression of BCa. The results showed that SOX7 exhibits low expression in BCa. It functions in diverse capacities, inhibiting the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of BCa. In addition, the experimental database demonstrated that SOX7 binds to the promoter of DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B), leading to the transcriptional inhibition of DNMT3B. This subsequently results in a reduced methylation of CYGB promoter, ultimately inhibiting the tumor progression of BCa. SOX7 + CYGB scores were significantly linked to patient prognosis. In conclusion, SOX7 inhibits the malignant progression of BCa via the DNMT3B/CYGB axis. Additionally, the SOX7 + CYGB score is capable of predicting the prognostic outcomes of BCa patients. Therefore, SOX7 and CYGB may play an important role in the progression of bladder cancer, and they can be used as prognostic markers of bladder cancer patients.	bladder
Bladder sparing options for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review critically evaluates the current state of bladder-sparing options in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and provides an overview of future directions in the field. RECENT FINDINGS: Bladder-sparing treatments have emerged as viable alternatives to radical cystectomy (RC) for selected patients with MIBC, especially in those who are unfit for RC or elect bladder preservation. Numerous studies have assessed the efficacy of trimodal therapy (TMT), with outcomes comparable to RC in a subgroup of well selected patients. Combining immunotherapy with conventional treatments in bladder-sparing approaches can yield promising outcomes. Current research is making significant progress in optimizing treatment protocols by exploring new combinations of systemic therapy agents, innovative drug delivery methods, and biomarker-based approaches. Furthermore, clinical markers of response are being tested to ensure adequate response assessment. SUMMARY: Bladder preservation promise to offer a viable alternative to RC for selected patients with MIBC with the potential to improve patient quality of life. Careful patient selection and ongoing research are essential to optimize patient selection, response assessment, and salvage strategies. As evidence continues to evolve, the role of bladder preservation in MIBC is likely to expand, providing patients with more treatment options tailored to their needs and preferences.	bladder
Advancements in research on lactate dehydrogenase A in urinary system tumors.	Tumors of the urinary system, such as prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, are among the most prevalent types of tumors. They often remain asymptomatic in their early stages, with some patients experiencing recurrence or metastasis post-surgery, leading to disease progression. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) plays a crucial role in the glycolysis pathway and is closely associated with anaerobic glycolysis in urinary system tumors. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation into the intricate mechanism of LDHA in these tumors can establish a theoretical foundation for early diagnosis and advanced treatment. This review consolidates the current research and applications of LDHA in urinary system tumors, with the aim of providing researchers with a distinct perspective.	bladder
[Changes in the disease burden of male urinary and reproductive system tumors in China from 1990 to 2019: Analysis with a prediction of the future trend].	OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes in the disease burden of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers among urinary and reproductive system tumors in Chinese men from 1990 to 2019 with a prediction of the future trend. METHODS: We retrieved the data on the incidence, mortality and disease burden of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men between 1990 and 2019 from the database of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Using the Joinpoint regression model, we analyzed the trend of changes in the disease burden, and predicted the prevalence of the tumors with the ARIMA model. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence and prevalence of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers were on the rise in Chinese men, and those of testis cancer increased most significantly, by 326.79% and 1070.93% respectively. The disease burden of PCa was the highest, with standardized incidence, prevalence and mortality ratios of 17.34/100 000, 117.65/100 000 and 7.79/100 000 respectively in 2019. The standardized mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of kidney cancer were increased by 103.59% and 103.17% respectively. The highest incidence, mortality and DALY of prostate, kidney and bladder cancers in 2019 were found in 90－94 years old males, the highest prevalence rates of prostate, kidney and bladder cancers in the 70－89-year-olds, and the highest prevalence of testis cancer in the 25－49-year-olds. ARIMA model prediction showed that the standardized incidence rates of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men kept rising from 2020 to 2029. CONCLUSION: The disease burden of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men is on the rise, and their standardized incidence rates will be even higher by 2029, with a significant increase in the disease burden in young men, which suggests the need of more attention to the prevention and treatment of genitourinary system tumors in young males.	bladder
The Effect of the HALP Score on the Development of Bladder Cancer Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Tumours.	BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the effect of the haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet (HALP) score on pathologic results and bladder cancer recurrence (BCR) in patients operated for upper urinary tract tumours (UTUCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: HALP scores of all patients were calculated. Demographic data, preoperative blood parameters, pathologic data and the BCR development status of patients with low and high HALP scores were compared. RESULTS: Haemoglobin (11.2±2.3 g/dL vs. 12.9±2.4 g/dL), albumin (4.0±0.8 g/dL vs. 4.4±0.9 g/dL) and HALP score (38.2±2.9 vs. 43.4±3.1) were statistically lower in the BCR (+) group compared with the BCR (-) group (p<0.001). The ROC curve showed that the optimal cut-off point for the HALP score was 40.8. Multivariate analyses showed that the HALP score was effective on Tumour Grade, Tumour Stage, BCR. CONCLUSION: We have shown that patients with lower HALP scores have a more advanced stage and higher-grade pathologic outcomes and have a higher risk of developing BCR.	bladder
Perceptions and Expectations: A Study on Prognostic Perception and Quality of Life in Patients With Metastatic Renal and Bladder Cancer.	PURPOSE: Durable complete response rates for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) are low despite new therapy. Palliative care focuses on life extension and quality of life (QoL), not cure. This study aims to investigate patients' perceptions of treatment outcomes in mRCC and mBC and to assess the influence of QoL and optimism levels on these perceptions. METHODS: From March 15, 2023, to January 15, 2024, a multicenter, cross-sectional online survey was carried out, targeting patients diagnosed with mRCC and mBC. The survey comprised structured questions aimed at evaluating perceptions concerning disease cure, symptom improvement, daily activity performance, and life extension due to treatment. Additionally, to evaluate optimism and QoL, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 30.3 QoL questionnaire and life orientation test were implemented. Study on patients' perceptions of treatment outcomes in metastatic kidney and bladder cancer shows high optimism, inaccurate cure beliefs. RESULTS: In total, 169 patients participated in the survey; the majority of the patients stated their general health status as good (72.2%) and excellent (13.6%). Patients who rated their overall health status as good-excellent had a higher median general QoL and optimism score compared with those who rated it as fair-poor. In all, 85.2% of patients considered the possibility of a cure very likely or likely. Most participants believed treatment could provide symptom relief (30.2% very likely, 49.1% likely), enhanced ability to perform daily activities (28.4% very likely, 55.6% likely), and life extension (32.5% very likely, 53.3% likely). Patients responding very likely and likely to these questions regarding treatment outcomes had higher QoL and optimism scores than those responding a little likely and not possible. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with mRCC and mBC held inaccurate beliefs about treatment outcomes. Better QoL and optimism were associated with increased inaccuracy.	bladder
Update on the Mechanism of Action of Intravesical BCG Therapy to Treat Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.	While more than four decades have elapsed since intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was first used to manage non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), its precise mechanism of anti-tumor action remains incompletely understood. Besides the classic theory that BCG induces local (within the bladder) innate and adaptive immunity through interaction with multiple immune cells, three new concepts have emerged in the past few years that help explain the variable response to BCG therapy between patients. First, BCG has been found to directly interact and become internalized within cancer cells, inducing them to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for T-cells while releasing multiple cytokines. Second, BCG has a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways, causing cell cycle arrest, releasing proteases from mitochondria, and inducing reactive oxygen species-mediated cell injury. Third, BCG can increase the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on both cancer and infiltrating inflammatory cells to impair the cell-mediated immune response. Current data has shown that high-grade recurrence after BCG therapy is related to CD8(+) T-cell anergy or 'exhaustion'. High-field cancerization and subsequently higher neoantigen presentation to T-cells are also associated with this anergy. This may explain why BCG therapy stops working after a certain time in many patients. This review summarizes the detailed immunologic reactions associated with BCG therapy and the role of immune cell subsets in this process. Moreover, this improved mechanistic understanding suggests new strategies for enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy of BCG for future clinical benefit.	bladder
Patient Preferences for First-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: An Application of Multidimensional Thresholding.	OBJECTIVES: Patient preferences have the potential to influence the development of new treatments for locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC), and therefore we explored how patients with la/mUC value different attributes of first-line treatments. METHODS: An online preference survey and multidimensional thresholding (MDT) exercise were developed following a targeted literature review and qualitative interviews with physicians, patients with la/mUC, and their caregivers. Treatment attributes included two benefits (overall response rate [ORR], pain related to bladder cancer [scored 0-100; 100 being the worst pain possible]) and four treatment-related risks (peripheral neuropathy, severe side effects, mild to moderate nausea, mild to moderate skin reactions). A Dirichlet regression was used to estimate average preference weights. Marginal utility and the reduction in ORR that patients would accept in exchange for a 10-point decrease or a 10% decrease in other attributes were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients were recruited and self-completed the survey and MDT. Mean patient age was 64.9 years (standard deviation, 7.6), 54% were female, and 38% identified as white. All included treatment attributes had a statistically significant impact on preferences. Changes in ORR had the largest impact, followed by cancer-related pain and treatment-related risks. Patients were willing to accept an 8.4% decrease in ORR to reduce their pain level by 10 points or a 7.8% decrease in ORR to reduce the risk of peripheral neuropathy by 10%. For a 10% decrease in severe side effects, mild to moderate nausea, or skin reaction, patients would accept decreases in ORR of 5.5%, 3.7%, or 3.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Of the attributes tested, changes in ORR were most important to patients. Patients made tradeoffs between treatment attributes indicating that a lower ORR may be acceptable for an improvement in other attributes such as reduced cancer-related pain or the risk of treatment-related adverse events.	bladder
Bioinformatics analysis of ERCC family in pan-cancer and ERCC2 in bladder cancer.	BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes can impair protein function and hinder DNA repair, leading to genetic instability and increased cancer risk. The Excision Repair Cross-Complementation (ERCC) family plays a crucial role in nucleotide excision repair, yet their comprehensive multi-omics characterization and roles in tumor prognosis and immune microenvironment remain unexplored. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We performed bioinformatics analysis using publicly available data from 33 cancer types to investigate associations between ERCC gene expression, patient prognosis, and clinical features. We also validated the role of ERCC2 in bladder cancer through in vitro assays, including CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. RESULTS: By utilizing the most recent database, we have conducted an analysis that reveals associations between variations in ERCC expression across multiple cancer types and both patient prognosis and the tumor microenvironment. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we applied the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to adjust for multiple testing. After correction, we identified that ERCC expression levels remained significantly correlated with patient prognosis in various cancer types (p < 0.05). In addition, according to the results of drug sensitivity studies of anticancer drugs, there is a large correlation between ERCC expression and the sensitivity of different anticancer drugs. Finally, in vitro cell behavioral assays determined that knockdown of ERCC2 gene expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Through in-depth exploration of ERCC differential expression and its correlation with immune-related indicators, the unique microenvironment of tumors, and patient prognosis, we verified the potential role of ERCC2 in the process of bladder cancer genesis and progression. Therefore, we believe that the ERCC family of genes is expected to be a new option for cancer treatment and deserves to be further explored in the future.	bladder
Metastasis of malignant melanoma to urinary tract: a case report.	INTRODUCTION: Metastasis of malignant melanoma to urinary tract is reported to be rare. According to retrospective analysis of a single center study, improvement of overall survival was observed in patients with metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract that had undergone metastasectomy with curative intent. However, there is no significant evidence regarding resection for metastasis to urinary tract. CASE PRESENTATION: Case 1: an 86-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with a small bladder tumor by computed tomography scan during post operative follow-up of malignant melanoma in the choroid of the left eye. Cystoscopy revealed black, nonpapillary tumors, suggesting metastatic malignant melanoma. Because no apparent invasive growth to muscle layer was observed by magnetic resonance imaging, transurethral resection was performed. Pathological appearance was compatible with metastatic malignant melanoma. No recurrence in urinary tract was observed; however, multiple liver metastasis was diagnosed at 3 months after surgery. Case 2: a 57-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with right hydronephrosis due to ureteral tumor. He had a past history of subungual malignant melanoma to the left thumb 2 years prior to his visit. Right nephroureterectomy was performed, and pathological evaluation revealed metastatic malignant melanoma. He revisited 2 years later due to dysuria, and a large bladder tumor was revealed by ultrasound. Cystoscopy showed black-colored nonpapillary tumor, suggesting malignant melanoma. Total cystectomy was recommended; however, the patient withheld consent. Therefore, we performed transurethral resection. The resulting pathological finding was compatible with metastatic malignant melanoma without invasion to muscle layer. He remained free from local recurrence and metastasis for 22 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: We successfully performed metastasectomy for bladder and ureteral metastases without recurrence in the urinary tract. Long recurrence-free survival was observed in case 2. Complete resection for metastasis of malignant melanoma may have the potential to improve survival.	bladder
[A Case of Appendiceal Mucinous Carcinoma with Bladder Invasion Developed from Abscess-Forming Appendicitis, Which Was Curatively Resected after Chemotherapy].	The patient was a 35-year-old man who saw his first doctor with the chief complaint of painful urination. A contrast- enhanced CT scan of the abdomen revealed a diagnosis of abscess-forming appendicitis with inflammatory spread to the bladder, and conservative treatment was decided. Since antibiotic treatment failed to reduce the size of the abscess, he underwent surgery. The bladder wall was highly inflamed, only appendectomy was performed. Pathology revealed appendiceal mucinous carcinoma invading the bladder, so he was referred to our department. Because a total cystectomy was required for curative resection and there was concern about seeding associated with the initial surgery, he was judged to be unresectable, and received chemotherapy. After 6 courses of CAPOX+bevacizumab therapy, he was able to have a bladder- sparing curative resection because of the absence of distant metastasis and shrinkage of the tumor. He remains stable without recurrence 6 months after surgery. We herein report, with some discussion of the literature, this case of bladder-invading appendiceal mucinous carcinoma arising from abscess-forming appendicitis, for which a curative resection was possible after chemotherapy.	bladder