crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional texture features from intensity and high-order derivative maps for the discrimination between bladder tumors and wall tissues via MRI.	PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the three-dimensional (3D) texture features extracted from intensity and high-order derivative maps that could reflect textural differences between bladder tumors and wall tissues, and propose a noninvasive, image-based strategy for bladder tumor differentiation preoperatively. METHODS: A total of 62 cancerous and 62 wall volumes of interest (VOI) were extracted from T2-weighted MRI datasets of 62 patients with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer. To better reflect heterogeneous distribution of tumor tissues, 3D high-order derivative maps (the gradient and curvature maps) were calculated from each VOI. Then 3D Haralick features based on intensity and high-order derivative maps and Tamura features based on intensity maps were extracted from each VOI. Statistical analysis and recursive feature elimination-based support vector machine classifier (RFE-SVM) was proposed to first select the features with significant differences and then obtain a more predictive and compact feature subset to verify its differentiation performance. RESULTS: From each VOI, a total of 58 texture features were derived. Among them, 37 features showed significant inter-class differences ([Formula: see text]). With 29 optimal features selected by RFE-SVM, the classification results namely the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics were 0.9032, 0.8548, 0.8790 and 0.9045, respectively. By using synthetic minority oversampling technique to augment the sample number of each group to 200, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy an AUC value of the feature selection-based classification were improved to 0.8967, 0.8780, 0.8874 and 0.9416, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that 3D texture features derived from intensity and high-order derivative maps can better reflect heterogeneous distribution of cancerous tissues. Texture features optimally selected together with sample augmentation could improve the performance on differentiating bladder carcinomas from wall tissues, suggesting a potential way for tumor noninvasive staging of bladder cancer preoperatively.	bladder
Symplastic glomus tumor of the urinary bladder treated by robot-assisted partial cystectomy: a case report and literature review.	Glomus tumors arising in the urinary bladder are extremely rare, and only two cases have been reported in the English Literature. We present a case of a 58-year-old man with an asymptomatic mass of the anterior wall of the bladder that measured 2.5 × 2.5 cm. Endoscopic excision was performed, and the tumor was diagnosed as symplastic glomus tumor. The patient finally underwent robotic-assisted partial cystectomy, and he remains healthy without any recurrence to date. After reviewing this case and previous reports, we analyzed the clinicopathologic features and treatment options for this rare neoplasm.	bladder
Targeted delivery of cisplatin to tumor xenografts via the nanoparticle component of nano-diamino-tetrac.	AIM: Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) targets a receptor on integrin αvβ3; αvβ3 is generously expressed by cancer cells and dividing endothelial cells and to a small extent by nonmalignant cells. The tetrac (tetraiodothyroacetic acid) of NDAT is covalently bound to a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle that encapsulates anticancer drugs. We report NDAT delivery efficiency of cisplatin to agent-susceptible urinary bladder cancer xenografts. MATERIALS & METHODS: Cisplatin-loaded NDAT (NDAT-cisplatin) was administered to xenograft-bearing nude mice. Tumor size response and drug content were measured. RESULTS: Intratumoral drug concentration was up to fivefold higher (p < 0.001) in NDAT-cisplatin-exposed lesions than with conventional systemic administration. Tumor volume reduction achieved was NDAT-cisplatin > NDAT without cisplatin > cisplatin alone. CONCLUSION: NDAT markedly enhances cisplatin delivery to urinary bladder cancer xenografts and increases drug efficacy.	bladder
Aurora Kinase A is a Biomarker for Bladder Cancer Detection and Contributes to its Aggressive Behavior.	The effects of AURKA overexpression associated with poor clinical outcomes have been attributed to increased cell cycle progression and the development of genomic instability with aneuploidy. We used RNA interference to examine the effects of AURKA overexpression in human bladder cancer cells. Knockdown had minimal effects on cell proliferation but blocked tumor cell invasion. Whole genome mRNA expression profiling identified nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) as a downstream target that was repressed by AURKA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and NNMT promoter luciferase assays revealed that AURKA's effects on NNMT were caused by PAX3-mediated transcriptional repression and overexpression of NNMT blocked tumor cell invasion in vitro. Overexpression of AURKA and activation of its downstream pathway was enriched in the basal subtype in primary human tumors and was associated with poor clinical outcomes. We also show that the FISH test for the AURKA gene copy number in urine yielded a specificity of 79.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 74.2% to 84.1%), and a sensitivity of 79.6% (95% CI = 74.2% to 84.1%) with an AUC of 0.901 (95% CI = 0.872 to 0.928; P < 0.001). These results implicate AURKA as an effective biomarker for bladder cancer detection as well as therapeutic target especially for its basal type.	bladder
Effect and mechanism of resveratrol on drug resistance in human bladder cancer cells.	Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant barrier to the effective treatment of bladder cancer. In order to improve the management of bladder cancer, it is crucial to identify strategies that may reverse MDR. The effects of three herbal medicines, ginsenoside Rh2, (‑)‑epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol (RES) on bladder cancer were determined. The effect of these three herbal medicines against the drug resistance in adriamycin (ADM)‑resistant pumc‑91 cells (pumc‑91/ADM) was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 cell proliferation assay system. Cell cycle distribution analysis was performed using flow cytometry following treatment with RES. The mRNA and protein expression levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), lung resistance protein (LRP), glutathione S‑transferase (GST), B cell leukemia/lymphoma‑2 (BCL‑2) and topoisomerase‑II (Topo‑II) were evaluated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence, respectively. RES enhanced the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents on pumc‑91/ADM cells; however, Rh2 and EGCG were unable to induce a similar effect. Additionally, RES treatment led to S phase cell cycle arrest accompanied by a decrease in the number of cells in the G1 phase. A significant decrease of MRP1, LRP, GST, BCL‑2 levels and an increase of Topo‑II levels were observed in RES groups compared with the control group. RES effectively reversed ADM resistance in pumc‑91/ADM cells and the underlying molecular mechanism may be associated with the alteration of MRP1, LRP, GST, BCL‑2 and Topo‑II expression levels. Therefore, RES may be a potential candidate for reversing drug resistance in bladder cancer chemotherapy.	bladder
ARF Confers a Context-Dependent Response to Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.	Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) generally responds poorly to treatment and tends to exhibit significant mortality. Here we show that expression of the tumor suppressor p14(ARF) (ARF) is upregulated in aggressive subtypes of MIBC. Accumulation of ARF in the nucleolus is associated with poor outcome and attenuated response to chemotherapy. In both genetically engineered mouse models and murine xenograft models of human MIBC, we demonstrate that tumors expressing ARF failed to respond to treatment with the platinum-based chemotherapy agent cisplatin. Resistance was mediated in part by the integrin-binding protein ITGB3BP (CENPR) and reflected ARF-dependent impairment of protein translation, which was exaggerated by drug treatment. Overall, our results highlight a context-dependent role for ARF in modulating the drug response of bladder cancer. Cancer Res; 77(4); 1035-46. ©2017 AACR.	bladder
Silencing of Armadillo Repeat-Containing Protein 8 (ARMc8) Inhibits TGF-β-Induced EMT in Bladder Carcinoma UMUC3 Cells.	Armadillo repeat-containing protein 8 (ARMc8) is a key factor in regulating cell migration, proliferation, tissue maintenance, and tumorigenesis. However, its role in bladder cancer remains unknown. Thus, in this study we sought to investigate the effect of ARMc8 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress in bladder cancer cells induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Our results found that ARMc8 was highly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines. ARMc8 silencing inhibited the TGF-β1-induced migration and invasion and suppressed the EMT progress in bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, ARMc8 silencing inhibited the TGF-β1-induced expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-myc in bladder cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a novel function for ARMc8, which acts as a mediator for TGF-β1-induced cell migration/invasion through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells. This study suggests that ARMc8 may be a potential therapeutic target for the development of therapies for bladder cancer.	bladder
Anticipatory Positive Urine Tests for Bladder Cancer.	PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish the criteria defining an anticipatory positive test for bladder cancer. METHODS: We reviewed all patients at our institution who underwent urine cytology or UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and cystoscopy from 2003 to 2012. Test performance and cancer anticipation was assessed using generalized linear mixed models, mixed-effects proportional hazards models, and cumulative incidence curves using tests performed within 30 days of each other as well as within a lag time of 1 year. RESULTS: Overall, 6729 urine tests (4729 cytology and 2040 UroVysion FISH) were paired with gold-standard cystoscopies. Sensitivity and specificity were 63 and 41% for cytology, and 37 and 84% for UroVysion FISH, respectively. A 1-year lag time allowed for cancer anticipation and neither test improved. Among patients with positive cytology and initially negative cystoscopy, the hazard ratio of developing a bladder tumor at 1 year was 1.83; 76% of these patients developed a tumor within 1 year. Similarly, among patients with a positive FISH and initially negative cystoscopy, the hazard ratio of developing a bladder tumor at 1 year was 1.56; 40% of these patients developed a tumor within 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Urine-based tests for bladder cancer are frequently falsely positive. With further follow-up time, some of these false positive tests are vindicated as true (anticipatory) positive tests, although many will remain false positives. We developed statistical criteria to determine if a test anticipates future cancers or not.	bladder
microRNA-495 promotes bladder cancer cell growth and invasion by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog.	Accumulating evidence has linked deregulation of microRNA-495 (miR-495) to tumorigenesis; however, its function in tumor progression is controversial. This work was undertaken to explore the expression and biological roles of miR-495 in bladder cancer. The expression of miR-495 was examined in 67 pairs of bladder cancer and adjacent normal bladder tissues. The roles of miR-495 in bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo were determined. Direct target gene(s) mediating the activity of miR-495 in bladder cancer cells was identified. It was found that miR-495 was expressed at greater levels in bladder tissues and cell lines. High expression of miR-495 was significantly associated with larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR-495 significantly promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion, whereas inhibition of miR-495 suppressed cell proliferation and invasion. PTEN, a well-defined tumor suppressor was identified to be a target gene of miR-495. A significant inverse correlation between miR-495 and PTEN expression was noted in bladder cancer tissues (r = -0.3094, P = 0.0125). Overexpression of miR-495 led to reduction of PTEN expression in bladder cancer cells. Rescue experiments showed that enforced expression of PTEN impaired miR-495-mediated bladder cancer proliferation and invasion. In vivo mouse studies demonstrated that overexpression of miR-495 accelerated the growth of subcutaneous bladder cancer xenografts, which was associated with downregulation of PTEN. Overall, these findings indicate that miR-495 upregulation contributes to bladder cancer cell growth, invasion, and tumorigenesis by targeting PTEN and offer a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer.	bladder
Exodisc for Rapid, Size-Selective, and Efficient Isolation and Analysis of Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Samples.	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived, nanoscale vesicles that carry nucleic acids and proteins from their cells of origin and show great potential as biomarkers for many diseases, including cancer. Efficient isolation and detection methods are prerequisites for exploiting their use in clinical settings and understanding their physiological functions. Here, we presented a rapid, label-free, and highly sensitive method for EV isolation and quantification using a lab-on-a-disc integrated with two nanofilters (Exodisc). Starting from raw biological samples, such as cell-culture supernatant (CCS) or cancer-patient urine, fully automated enrichment of EVs in the size range of 20-600 nm was achieved within 30 min using a tabletop-sized centrifugal microfluidic system. Quantitative tests using nanoparticle-tracking analysis confirmed that the Exodisc enabled >95% recovery of EVs from CCS. Additionally, analysis of mRNA retrieved from EVs revealed that the Exodisc provided >100-fold higher concentration of mRNA as compared with the gold-standard ultracentrifugation method. Furthermore, on-disc enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using urinary EVs isolated from bladder cancer patients showed high levels of CD9 and CD81 expression, suggesting that this method may be potentially useful in clinical settings to test urinary EV-based biomarkers for cancer diagnostics.	bladder
Overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 protein predicts shorter survival in metastatic bladder cancer patients treated with gemcitabine-containing combination chemotherapy.	OBJECTIVES: To identify biomarkers predicting prognosis in bladder cancer patients undergoing the gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen. METHODS: We studied 52 patients with metastatic bladder cancer treated with the gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen by evaluating the relationship between the expression of two biomarkers, ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 and excision repair cross complementing 1, by immunohistochemistry and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The patients with low expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 showed a higher objective response rate by the gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen than those with high expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (80.0% and 45.5%, respectively). No differences were observed according to the expression level of excision repair cross complementing 1. Low expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival compared with the high expression group. Low expression of excision repair cross complementing 1 tended to prolong overall survival and progression-free survival, but there were no significant differences (P = 0.07 and 0.10, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 was the only independent prognostic factor (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 seem to be associated with clinical response and survival in patients with metastatic bladder cancer treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin-based chemotherapy.	bladder
Characterizing intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Implications for the definition of intermediate risk and treatment strategy.	PURPOSE: Patients with intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer have traditionally been defined as those not included in the low- or high-risk groups. Therefore, the intermediate-risk group consists of heterogeneous patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 326 patients diagnosed with intermediate-risk tumors. We subclassified these patients into 3 groups according to their clinical courses. Group A included patients with initial and multiple low-grade tumors (N = 170). Group B consisted of patients with a low-grade tumor that recurred after a low-risk tumor (N = 97), and Group C consisted of patients with a low-grade tumor that recurred after a high-risk tumor (N = 59). RESULTS: The 2-year recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower in Group C (42%) than in Groups A (69%, P<0.01) and B (70%, P<0.01). Regarding progression-free survival, no significant differences were observed among the groups. In total, 167 patients received adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and 39 received adjuvant chemotherapy instillations. In Groups A and B, there were no significant differences in efficiency against tumor recurrence between BCG and chemotherapy. In Group C, the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 65% in patients receiving BCG, which was significantly higher when compared with patients receiving chemotherapy (P = 0.01). Furthermore, Group C included 11 BCG refractory cases, 5 of whom later experienced stage progression during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our subclassification analysis suggested that intermediate-risk tumors that recurred after a high-risk tumor (Group C) should be treated with adjuvant BCG therapy, owing to the high probability of subsequent recurrence. Furthermore, the definition of intermediate risk may include some BCG refractory cases.	bladder
Development of new inhibitors for N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase as promising tool against bladder cancer.	The endocannabinoid system is a signaling system involved in a wide range of biological effects. Literature strongly suggests the endocannabinoid system role in the pathogenesis of cancer and that its pharmacological activation produces therapeutic benefits. Last research promotes the endocannabinoid system modulation by inhibition of endocannabinoids hydrolytic enzymes instead of direct activation of endocannabinoid receptors to avoid detrimental effects on cognition and motor control. Here we report the identification of N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitors able to reduce cell proliferation and migration and cause cell death on different bladder cancer cell lines. These molecules were designed, synthesized and characterized and active compounds were selected by a fluorescence high-throughput screening method set-up on human recombinant NAAA that also allows to characterize the mechanism of inhibition. Together our results suggest an important role for NAAA in cell migration and in inducing tumor cell death promoting this enzyme as pharmacological target against bladder cancer.	bladder
Parity and bladder cancer risk: a dose-response meta-analysis.	BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have reported evidence of an inverse association between parity and bladder cancer risk. However, a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of this association has never been conducted. We conducted this study to clarify this issue. METHODS: Systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify all the studies. Studies were selected based on strict screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Summary relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using a fixed-effect model, and the generalized least squares trend estimation was employed to compute study-specific RR and 95% CI per live birth increase. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. RESULTS: Twelve studies (6,214 cases and 2,693,350 non-cases) were eligible in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR of bladder cancer for parous versus nulliparous women was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82). Results were similar in the studies that adjusted for BMI(RR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53-0.81), cigarette smoking (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57-0.79), and age (RR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.71-0.84). The dose-response meta-analysis showed a lower bladder cancer risk (RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) for each live birth increase in parous women. No evidence of publication bias or significant heterogeneity was detected in the above-mentioned analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The finding from current meta-analysis suggest that parity may be related to decreased risk of bladder cancer.	bladder
Clinical comparison of patients with benign urachal masses versus urachal carcinomas.	The clinical features of 17 patients with benign urachal masses and 30 patients with urachal carcinoma treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis indicated that seven parameters differed significantly between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that the rate of gross hematuria was significantly higher (P = 0.042, Exp[B] = 7.889) and the rate of fatty infiltration of the Retzius space was significantly lower (P = 0.006, Exp[B] = 0.028) in patients with urachal carcinoma than in those with benign urachal masses. Gross hematuria and fatty infiltration of the Retzius space may be indications of malignant and benign urachal masses, respectively.	bladder
Opposing roles of PIK3CA gene alterations to EZH2 signaling in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.	The high rates of tumor recurrence and progression represent a major clinical problem in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Previous data showed that EZH2-dependent signaling mediates these processes, whereas the frequent alterations of PIK3CA gene (copy gains and mutations) are predictive of reduced recurrence. Here we show, using clinical samples and bladder cancer cell lines, a functional interaction between EZH2- and PIK3CA-dependent signaling pathways. PIK3CA alterations mediated, on the one hand, the increased expression of two miRNAs, miR-101 and miR-138, which posttranscriptionally downregulate EZH2 expression. On the other hand, PIK3CA alterations facilitate the activation of Akt which phosphorylates EZH2 on Ser21, precluding the trimethylation of histone H3 in K27. Remarkably the increased expression of miR101 or miR138 and the expression of Ser21-phosphorylated EZH2 are good prognostic factors regarding non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence and progression. Collectively, this study provides molecular evidences indicating that the gene expression rewiring occurring in primary bladder tumors, associated with increased EZH2 expression and activity and mediating the increased recurrence and progression risk, are prevented by PIK3CA-dependent signaling. This molecular process may have deep implications in the management of bladder cancer patients and in the design of novel molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches.	bladder