crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Vimentin intermediate filament and plectin provide a scaffold for invadopodia, facilitating cancer cell invasion and extravasation for metastasis.	To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis, we have isolated a high-metastatic bladder cancer cell subpopulation from a low-metastatic cell line by using an in vivo selection system. Cells in the subpopulation showed a high ability to form invadopodia, the filamentous actin (F-actin)-based membrane protrusions that play an essential role in cancer cell invasion. Analysis of the gene expression profile revealed that the expression of an intermediate filament (IF) protein, vimentin and a cytoskeletal linker protein, plectin was up-regulated in the high-metastatic subpopulation compared with the low metastatic cell line. Here we report a novel role of vimentin IF and plectin in metastasis. In invasive bladder cancer cells, the vimentin IF-plectin-invadopodia F-actin link was formed. Disruption of this link severely impaired invadopodia formation, reducing the capacities of extracellular matrix degradation, transendothelial migration and metastasis. In addition, the vimentin assembly into the filaments was required for invadopodia formation. Our results suggest that plectin anchoring invadopodia to vimentin IF scaffolds and stabilizes invadopodia, which is a critical molecular process for cancer cell invasion and extravasation for metastasis.	bladder
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta: a novel urinary biomarker for recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.	Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urological system with a high risk of recurrence, and effective non-invasive biomarkers for NMIBC relapse are still needed. The human urinary proteome can reflect the status of the microenvironment of the urinary system and is an ideal source for clinical diagnosis of urinary system diseases. Our previous work used proteomics to identify 1643 high-confidence urinary proteins in the urine from a healthy population. Here, we used bioinformatics to construct a cancer-associated protein-protein interaction (PPI) network comprising 16 high-abundance urinary proteins based on the urinary proteome database. As a result, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) was selected for further validation as a candidate biomarker for NMIBC diagnosis and prognosis. Although the levels of urinary PDGFRB showed no significant difference between patients pre- and post-surgery (n = 185, P>0.05), over 3 years of follow-up, urinary PDGFRB was shown to be significantly higher in relapsed patients (n = 68) than in relapse-free patients (n = 117, P<0.001). The levels of urinary PDGFRB were significantly correlated with the risk of 3-year recurrence of NMIBC, and these levels improved the accuracy of a NMIBC recurrence risk prediction model that included age, tumor size, and tumor number (area under the curve, 0.862; 95% CI, 0.809 to 0.914) compared to PDGFR alone. Therefore, we surmise that urinary PDGFRB could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting NMIBC recurrence.	bladder
Prospective evaluation of plasma kinetic bipolar resection of bladder cancer: comparison to monopolar resection and pathologic findings.	OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Gyrus ACMI plasma kinetic bipolar device (Gyrus ACMI, Southborough, MA) improves pathologic specimen preservation and clinical outcomes compared to standard monopolar electrocautery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In our prospective study, 83 patients underwent monopolar or bipolar transurethral resection of bladder tumors between April 2006 and February 2007 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dedicated genitourinary oncology pathologists blinded to resection type and assessed pathologic features including stage and grade, presence of muscularis propria, fragment size, presence and thickness of thermal artifacts within the specimen, layer of tissue most affected, severity of tissue distortion, and diagnostic impact of thermal artifacts. Clinical outcomes including, perforation, obturator reflex, need for muscle paralysis, a catheter, or admission, were recorded. Clinical and pathologic outcomes between resection modality were compared. RESULTS: There were no significant thermal artifacts in 9/38 (23.7 %) and 11/45 (24.4 %) monopolar and bipolar specimens, respectively. The layer of bladder tissue most affected by thermal artifacts was readable in 18/38 (47.4 %) monopolar and 27/45 (60.0 %) bipolar specimens. Tissue distortion from thermal artifacts led to areas within 11/38 (28.9 %) monopolar and 7/45 (15.6 %) bipolar specimens being unreadable. Ultimately, thermal artifacts caused moderate diagnostic difficulty in 2/38 (5.3 %) specimens of the monopolar group and severe diagnostic difficulty in 1/45 (2.2 %) bipolar specimens. Clinically, there was no major difference between resection methods. CONCLUSION: Plasma kinetic bipolar equipment appears to cause less tissue distortion and has the potential to facilitate staging and grading of bladder tumors. No differences in clinical outcomes were appreciated between resection methods. If these results can be repeated in larger studies, the bipolar device represents a small advancement in transurethral resection.	bladder
A late presentation of isolated lymph node tuberculosis postintravesical BCG therapy for superficial bladder cancer: a novel case.	Intravesical BCG immunotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. We recount the case of an 82-year-old British man who completed a course of BCG immunotherapy in 2011 for superficial bladder cancer, and presented in January 2013 with a loss of appetite, loss of weight and severe back pain. CT scanning, followed by MRI displayed a 5.7 cm × 5 cm conglomerated necrotic, haemorrhagic mass of lymph nodes in the para-aortic region. A CT-guided biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation, focal fibrosis and acid-fast bacilli consistent with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). The patient was treated with combination antituberculous medication, and is recovering. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of lymph node TB secondary to intravesical BCG immunotherapy. We suggest that in patients treated with postintravesical BCG with enlarged lymph nodes, a diagnosis of secondary TB should be considered.	bladder
Impacts of ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms on urothelial cell carcinoma susceptibility and clinicopathologic characteristics in Taiwan.	Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, a cell adhesion molecule, is reportedly overexpressed in several cancers and may contribute to tumorgenesis and metastasis. The current study explored the effect of ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility of developing urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) and the clinicopathological status. A total of 558 participants, including 279 healthy people and 279 patients with UCC, were recruited for this study. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ICAM-1 gene were assessed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction with the TaqMan assay. After adjusting for other covariants, the individuals carrying at least one G allele at ICAM-1 rs5498 had a 1.603-fold risk of developing UCC than did wild-type (AA) carriers. Furthermore, UCC patients who carried at least one G allele at rs5498 had a higher invasive stage risk (p < 0.05) than did patients carrying the wild-type allele. In conclusion, the rs5498 polymorphic genotypes of ICAM-1 might contribute to the prediction of susceptibility to and pathological development of UCC. This is the first study to provide insight into risk factors associated with ICAM-1 variants in carcinogenesis of UCC in Taiwan.	bladder
Interim fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for early metabolic assessment of therapeutic response to chemotherapy for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma.	BACKGROUND: The prognostic impact of early metabolic response by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) after 2 cycles of first-line chemotherapy is still unrecognized in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with metastatic TCC receiving the modified combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC), according to institutional protocol, underwent computed tomography (CT) and FDG-PET imaging at baseline, a restaging with PET imaging after 2 cycles only (PET2), and a CT (± FDG-PET) scan at the end of treatment and during follow-up. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method; univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) Cox models were fitted. Prespecified variables were the presence of visceral metastases, nodal or soft tissue disease, and early PET response. RESULTS: In the period from May 2010 to October 2012, 31 patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 received the modified MVAC regimen every 3 weeks. In all, 6 patients (19.3%) had a complete response (CR) and 17 (54.8%) a partial metabolic response (PR), 4 had stable disease (SD), and 4 progressed. PET2 responders had a median PFS of 8 months (95 % CI, 7-11 mo) compared with 3 months (95 % CI, 2-5 mo) of patients without response (P = .024). They also had a significant benefit in 8-month PFS (P < .001 via Klein test) and 15-month OS (P = .016). PET2 response was significant for PFS in both UVA and MVA Cox models (P = .027 and P = .023, respectively). CONCLUSION: PET response after 2 cycles of first-line chemotherapy, compared with detection by early CT, was associated with longer PFS and OS in advanced TCC and warrants further investigation in the field.	bladder
Solifenacin is able to improve the irritative symptoms after transurethral resection of bladder tumors.	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of solifenacin in the management of irritative symptoms after transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBTs) with subsequent intravesical chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 116 patients undergoing TURBT were randomly allocated into 2 groups, 58 patients in each group. Group 1 patients received solifenacin 5 mg, 6 hours before surgery and 5 mg per day, after surgery for 2 weeks, whereas group 2 patients received a placebo. Patients with low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer received immediate postoperative instillation of epirubicin. Patients with medium- or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer received postoperative instillation twice within 2 weeks, once immediately following the operation and once on the eighth postoperative day. All patients completed bladder diaries before surgery, on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days after removal of the catheter with overactive bladder symptom scores completed preoperatively, and on the 7th and 14th days. Additionally, the incidence and severity of catheter-related bladder discomfort were recorded at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the surgery. RESULTS: The incidence and the severity of catheter-related bladder discomfort in group 1, compared with group 2, were significantly reduced (P<.05). There was a significant difference in overactive bladder symptom scores between the 2 groups (5.67 vs 7.86; P<.001). Episodes of daytime, frequency, nocturia, urgency, and urge urinary incontinence in group 1 were also significantly lower than in group 2 (P<.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that solifenacin can be beneficial for the management of irritative symptoms after TURBT with subsequent intravesical chemotherapy.	bladder
Nestin is an independent predictor of cancer-specific survival after radical cystectomy in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.	OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between the expression of nestin, a class VI intermediate filament protein, and pathologic features or survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). METHODS: Nestin expression in tumor cells was immunohistochemically studied in 93 patients with UCB who underwent radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. The associations with clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of nestin expression on survival. RESULTS: Nestin expression in cystectomy specimens was observed in 13 of 93 patients (14.0%). Nestin expression was associated with pathologic tumor stage (p = 0.006). Nestin-negative patients had better overall survival compared with nestin-positive patients (log-rank p = 0.0148). Univariable analysis indicated that nestin expression, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node status were significantly associated with cancer-specific survival (hazard ratios, 2.78, 2.15, and 2.80, respectively). On multivariable analysis, nestin expression and lymph node status were independent prognostic factors in cancer-specific survival (hazard ratios, 2.45 and 2.65, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that nestin expression is a novel independent prognostic indicator for patients with UCB and a potentially useful marker to select patients who may be candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.	bladder
[Treatment and prognosis of 117 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder].	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (AUCB). METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 117 patients with AUCB admitted in our hospital from 1998 to 2009 were reviewed. All patients received first-line chemotherapy. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. RESULTS: The median age of all patients was 56 years and the male-to-female ratio was 3.33:1. Their 6-, 12-, 24-, 36- and 60-month survival rates were 90.3%, 61.3%, 32.3%, 24.2% and 8.1%, respectively. In the first-line chemotherapy regimen, the effectiveness rate of gemcitabine + platinum drugs was 49.3% (37/75), the median progression-free survival(PFS) was 7.9 months and overall survival (OS) was 18.7 months. The effectiveness of cyclophosphamide + epirubicin + platinum drug regimen was 45.5% (10/22), Median PFS was 7.1 months and OS was 15.3 months. The effectiveness of paclitaxel + platinum drug regimen was 47.1% (8/17), median PFS was 6.5 months and OS was 13.7 months. Among them, the effectiveness rate of the gemcitabine + cisplatin regimen in 67 patients was 47.8%, the median PFS was 7.0 months and OS was 15.3 months. In the 13 patients who received paclitaxel + carboplatin regimen, the effectiveness rate was 53.8%, median PFS was 7.7 months and OS was 16.0 months. The major side effects were leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, mostly were tolerable, of grade I to II. CONCLUSIONS: In advanced unresectable and metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, GC regimen is recognized as a standard first-line chemotherapy, with a higher effectiveness and tolerable side effects. Taxane and molecular targeted drugs may further improve the therapeutic effect of the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinomas of the bladder in the future.	bladder
Primary urinary bladder haemangiosarcoma in a captive saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis).	BACKGROUND: A captive adult male saddleback tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis, was lethargic, unresponsive to its surrounding and died before medical care. METHODS: Necroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. RESULTS: Neoplastic spindle cells of the urinary bladder were positive for antifactor VIII antibody. CONCLUSION: A primary urinary bladder haemangiosarcoma was diagnosed, and it has not been previously reported in non-human primates.	bladder
Immunohistochemical evaluation of novel and traditional markers associated with urothelial differentiation in a spectrum of variants of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.	Data on immunohistochemical expression of novel and traditional urothelial markers in the wide range of urothelial carcinoma variants have so far been very limited. In this study, whole tissue sections from 130 bladder urothelial carcinoma and variants were stained with a panel of novel and traditional immunomarkers supportive of urothelial lineage. The positivity rates were as follows: (a) urothelial carcinomas with or without divergent differentiation: GATA3 (50%), S-100P (86%), uroplakin III (20%), thrombomodulin (40%), cytokeratin 7 (CK7) (80%), CK20 (55%), p63 (87%), and high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMCK) (89%); (b) urothelial carcinoma variants (micropapillary, plasmacytoid, nested, clear cell, and microcystic): GATA3 (88%), S-100P (96%), uroplakin III (33%), thrombomodulin (49%), CK7 (95%), CK20 (61%), p63 (69%), and HMCK (96%); and (c) undifferentiated carcinomas (lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma and carcinoma with rhabdoid and giant cells): GATA3 (28%), S-100P (31%), uroplakin III (0%), thrombomodulin (22%), CK7 (50%), CK20 (3%), p63 (50%), and HMCK (49%). In urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, GATA3 expression was lower (20%) in contrast to p63 and S-100P. In urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation, GATA3 (50%) and p63 (60%) expression was lower than S-100P (100%). p63 expression was relatively lower in micropapillary (54%) and plasmacytoid (50%) variants compared with the other urothelial carcinoma variants. This study provides comprehensive data for novel and traditionally used markers to support urothelial lineage in urothelial carcinoma variants. Our findings show that GATA3, S-100P, CK7, CK20, HMCK, and p63, in the appropriate differential diagnostic setting, are useful to support urothelial lineage of variant morphologies.	bladder
Locally delivered CD40 agonist antibody accumulates in secondary lymphoid organs and eradicates experimental disseminated bladder cancer.	Immunotherapy with intratumoral injection of adenoviral vectors expressing CD40L has yielded positive results in experimental and clinical bladder cancer. We therefore hypothesized that anti-CD40 antibody would be effective in this setting. Agonistic CD40 antibodies were developed as vaccine adjuvants but have later been used as treatment of advanced solid tumors and hematologic cancers. Systemic anti-CD40 therapy has been associated with immune-related adverse events, such as cytokine release syndrome and liver toxicity, and local delivery is an attractive approach that could reduce toxicity. Herein, we compared local and systemic anti-CD40 antibody delivery to evaluate efficacy, toxicity, and biodistribution in the experimental MB49 bladder cancer model. Antitumor effects were confirmed in the B16 model. In terms of antitumor efficacy, local anti-CD40 antibody stimulation was superior to systemic therapy at an equivalent dose and CD8 T cells were crucial for tumor growth inhibition. Both administration routes were dependent on host CD40 expression for therapeutic efficacy. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed CD40-specific antibody accumulation in the tumor-draining lymph nodes and the spleen, most likely reflecting organs with frequent target antigen-expressing immune cells. Systemic administration led to higher antibody concentrations in the liver and blood compared with local delivery, and was associated with elevated levels of serum haptoglobin. Despite the lack of a slow-release system, local anti-CD40 therapy was dependent on tumor antigen at the injection site for clearance of distant tumors. To summarize, local low-dose administration of anti-CD40 antibody mediates antitumor effects in murine models with reduced toxicity and may represent an attractive treatment alternative in the clinic.	bladder
Anthropometric measures and bladder cancer risk: a prospective study in the EPIC cohort.	Anthropometric measures have been related to risk of several cancers. For bladder cancer, however, evidence is sparse. Comparability of existing studies is hampered by use of different obesity-measures, inadequate control for smoking, and few female cases. This study examined associations between height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, body mass index (BMI), recalled weight at age 20 and bladder cancer, and investigated effect modification by age, tumor aggressiveness and smoking. The study was conducted in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, in 390,878 participants. Associations were calculated using Cox Proportional Hazards Models. During follow-up, 1,391 bladder cancers (1,018 male; 373 female) occurred. Height was unrelated to bladder cancer in both genders. We found a small but significant positive association with weight [1.04 (1.01-1.07) per 5 kilo], BMI [1.05 (1.02-1.08) per 2 units], waist circumference [1.04 (1.01-1.08) per 5 cm], waist-hip ratio (1.07 (1.02-1.13) per 0.05 unit] and waist-height ratio [1.07 (1.01-1.13) per 0.05 unit] in men. Stratification by smoking status confined associations in men to former smokers. In never smokers, we found no significant associations, suggesting residual confounding by smoking. Results did not differ with tumor aggressiveness and age. Residual analyses on BMI/waist circumference showed a significantly higher disease risk with BMI in men (p = 0.01), but no association with waist circumference. In conclusion, in this large study, height was unrelated to bladder cancer, whereas overweight was associated with a slightly higher bladder cancer risk in men. This association may, however, be distorted by residual confounding by smoking.	bladder
Tobacco experimental model to induce urinary bladder neoplasms.	OBJECTIVE: to develop an experimental model of exposure to tobacco burning (cigarette) products to assess the effects of its chronic use in relation to cancers of the bladder. METHODS: the animals were chronically exposed to the burning tobacco products in a semi-open chamber to simulate smoking. Thirty young Wistar rats were divided into two groups: one with 20 animals simulating smoking for six months, and ten not exposed control animals for the same period. After exposure by inhalation of cigarette smoke, animals were euthanized and subjected to histopathological study of the bladder wall. RESULTS: no tumor was found but mild and non significant alterations. The studies of hemo-oximetry (carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin) and the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) confirm that the animals were exposed to high concentrations of tobacco smoke and its derivatives. CONCLUSION: no bladder mucosal neoplasia was found in the pathological study of animals. The developed experimental models were highly efficient, practical and easy to use and can be used in other similar studies to determine the harmful effects caused by smoking.	bladder