crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of lncRNA ZNRD1-AS1 inhibits progression of bladder cancer by regulating miR-194 and ZEB1.	BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urinary neoplasm with high incidence worldwide. Long noncoding RNA zinc ribbon domain containing 1 antisense RNA 1 (ZNRD1-AS1) has been reported to be upregulated in BC. However, the exact role of ZNRD1-AS1 as well as its mechanism remains poorly understood. METHODS: Zinc ribbon domain containing 1 antisense RNA 1, and its potential downstream genes microRNA-194 (miR-194) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) levels were detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected to assess the influences of ZNRD1-AS1, miR-194 and ZEB1 on BC cells by colony formation, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell analysis or western blot. The relationship between miR-194 and ZNRD1-AS1 or ZEB1 was analyzed by luciferase activity analysis. The xenograft experiment was performed to assess the function of ZNRD1-AS1 in vivo. RESULTS: Zinc ribbon domain containing 1 antisense RNA 1level was upregulated in BC. ZNRD1-AS1 silence repressed proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in BC cells. MiR-194 was identified as a target of ZNRD1-AS1, and miR-194 upregulation repressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT by ZNRD1-AS1 sponging. ZEB1 was targeted via miR-194 and its interference impeded proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Moreover, ZNRD1-AS1 regulated ZEB1 expression via miR-194. Besides, inhibition of ZNRD1-AS1 attenuated tumor growth by miR-194/ZEB1 axis in vivo. CONCLUSION: Knockdown of ZNRD1-AS1 suppressed BC cell development in vitro and in vivo via targeting miR-194 to regulate ZEB1, indicating a novel avenue for treatment of BC.	bladder
Unraveling the Mechanism of the Antitumor Activity of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.	Our understanding of the mechanism of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in controlling urothelial carcinoma is still evolving. Studies have revealed a complex and multifaceted immune response. BCG-elicited adaptive antitumor immunity directed towards tumor antigens could have major implications for trial design.	bladder
Understanding Psychosocial and Sexual Health Concerns Among Women With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy.	OBJECTIVE: To better understand the physical and psychosocial components of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among women undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BCa). METHODS: We conducted semistructured individual interviews and a focus group with pre- and post-RC female patients and their partners regarding the impact of RC on sexual health and psychosocial wellbeing. Themes were inductively identified by 2 independent coders and subsequently organized into themes and subthemes using qualitative description and constant comparison. RESULTS: In the preoperative cohort, 6 women and 1 partner participated (50% contact rate, 75% participation rate). In the postoperative cohort, 16 women and 2 partners participated (61% contact rate, 64% participation rate). Major themes that emerged in interviews with both cohorts included concerns about changes to body image, the psychological impact of BCa diagnosis and treatment, concerns about the impact of RC on sexual function, and inadequacies in provider-led sexual health counseling. Participants varied in the importance they placed on sexual function, with factors such as age, relationship status, and oncologic concerns impacting prioritization, although both younger and older patients expressed a desire to retain the option of sexual function. CONCLUSION: Female patients with BCa undergoing RC experience changes in body image, psychological distress, physical disruptions in sexual function, and inadequacies in sexual health counseling and education. Future efforts should be directed towards improving sexual health counseling and psychosocial support resources for women with BCa.	bladder
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy for Clinical T2N0 Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Time to Change the Paradigm?	A 41-yr-old, otherwise healthy, premenopausal woman presented at our uro-oncology clinic with a diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer following a transurethral resection of the bladder performed at another center. After a thorough discussion with the patient, she was enrolled in the phase II PURE-01 trial (NCT02736266), testing three cycles of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (200mg) every 3 wk before radical cystectomy. Before treatment, imaging studies were obtained as per the protocol using computed tomography (CT), [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT, and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the bladder, defining a clinically localized T2N0M0 stage. As per the protocol, potential biomarkers were assessed, including PD-L1 expression (84% combined positive score), tumor mutational burden (16.67 mut/Mb), and genomic profiling (FoundationONE assay; somatic mutation in TP53, EZH2, APC, TERT, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, and ARID1A genes, and truncation in BRCA2 gene). After immunotherapy, the patient underwent a robot-assisted radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection. The final pathology report revealed absence of residual disease (ie, pathological complete response, ypT0ypN0). During follow-up, the only relevant and permanent immune-mediated adverse event was hypothyroidism secondary to an autoimmune thyroiditis. It appeared 2 mo after radical cystectomy and it was managed successfully with hormonal replacement therapy. Two years after treatment, the patient is asymptomatic and free from disease recurrence. PATIENT SUMMARY: Increasing evidence suggests that frontline neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be beneficial for patients diagnosed with non-locally advanced, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (cT2N0), with fewer drawbacks than traditional chemotherapy. Although further studies are needed in support, this vision opens the opportunity for future clinical trials testing the potential incremental benefits of immunotherapy and the utility of novel biomarker- and imaging-based strategies to assess response to therapy.	bladder
Serum LUCAT1 implicates the pathogenesis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer via targeting miR-199a-5p and miR-199b-5p.	Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a common malignancy of urinary system cancers, accounting for about 1/3 of all newly diagnosed bladder cancer cases. Due to its strong metastasis, the 5-year survival of MIBC is less than 50%, and in serious cases, the overall survival of metastatic bladder cancer patients is about 1.3 years. LncRNAs, a type of non-coding RNAs defined as the transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides in length, are frequently aberrant in multiple cancers including cervical, ovarian, breast and bladder cancers. Recently, LUCAT1 (short for lung cancer-associated transcript 1), a lncRNA first reported to be involved in smoking-related lung cancer, has been observed to exhibit crucial roles in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion processes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and colorectal cancer. However, whether it involves in the pathogenesis of MIBC remains underexplored. In the present study, LUCAT1 was up-regulated in the serum samples of MIBC patients and bladder cancer cell lines, as assessed using real-time PCR. Our in vitro data (including wound healing and trans-well assays) showed that LUCAT1 was required for the proliferation, EMT, migration and invasion processes of T24 cells. Moreover, LUCAT1 directly targeted miR-199a-5p and miR-199b-5p, as affirmed using the luciferase reporter assay, and manipulation of LUCAT1 significantly suppressed miR-199a-5p and miR-199b-5p. Collectively, our findings highlight an axis of LUCAT1/miR-199a/b-5p in MIBC pathogenesis. Therefore, LUCAT1 may possibly be a promising candidate for diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of MIBC.	bladder
Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer.	Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Although nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancers have a good prognosis, muscle-invasive bladder cancers promote metastases and have a poor prognosis. Comprehensive analyses using RNA sequence of clinical tumor samples in bladder cancer have been reported. These reports implicated the candidate genes and pathways that play important roles in carcinogenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer. Further investigations for the function of each mutation are warranted. There is suggestive evidence for several environmental factors as risk factors of bladder cancer. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, exposure to chemicals and gases, bladder inflammation due to microbial and parasitic infections, diet, and nutrition could induce several genetic mutations and alter the tumor microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts. The detailed mechanism of how these environmental factors induce carcinogenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer remains unclear. To identify the relationship between the mutations and the lifestyle could be useful for prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.	bladder
Ocular Complications of Intravesicular BCG Treatment for Bladder Carcinoma.	PURPOSE: To report genital and ocular Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection as a rare complication of intravesical BCG immunotherapy. METHODS: We report a patient with bladder carcinoma who developed penile and ocular BCG infection. Medical history, clinical features, imaging findings, histopathological evaluation, and response to treatment clinched the diagnosis. RESULT: Granulomatous inflammation was noted on histopathological evaluation of lung and cutaneous lesion of the penis. The left eye with choroidal tubercle and tractional retinal detachment involving fovea underwent pars plana vitrectomy. After silicone removal, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 and patient received anti-TB regimen for 12 months. At 1 year follow-up, the choroidal tuberculoma was found to have completely resolved and the ocular status was stable. CONCLUSIONS: Though there are other reported cases of BCG infection secondary to intravesical BCG instillation noted in the literature, penile granuloma accompanying with choroidal tubercle is an uncommon form among these complications.	bladder
Health-related quality of life in Japanese patients with bladder cancer measured by a newly developed Japanese version of the Bladder Cancer Index.	INTRODUCTION: We validated a Japanese version of the Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) as a tool for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in bladder cancer patients treated with various surgical procedures. METHODS: The reliability and validity of the Japanese BCI were examined in 397 Japanese patients with bladder cancer via cross-sectional analysis. The patients simultaneously completed the Short Form (SF)-12, EQ-5D, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General and Bladder (FACT-G and FACT-BL). The differences in BCI subscales among various treatment groups were analyzed. RESULTS: This study involved 397 patients (301 males and 96 females), with a mean age of 70 years and a median disease duration of 29 months (IQR: 12-66 months). Of these patients, 221 underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, and 176 patients underwent radical cystectomy (ileal conduit: 101 patients, ileal neobladder: 49, and ureterostomy: 26). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was ≥ 0.78 for all subscales, except the bowel bother subscale. Despite moderate correlations being detected between the function and bother score in urinary and bowel domains, the sexual function score was inversely correlated with the sexual bother score (r = - 0.19). A missing value percentage of > 15% was associated with old age (p < 0.05). The mean domain scores differed significantly among distinct clinically relevant treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although revisions are needed to make it easier for elderly patients to comprehend, we confirmed the reliability and validity of the Japanese BCI. The Japanese BCI could be used for cross-cultural assessments of HRQOL in bladder cancer patients.	bladder
Incidental Findings Of Polypoid Cystitis In A 6-Year Old Child Without Any History Of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms And Previous Urinary Catheterization.	A 6-year-old boy presented to ER with acute pain in right iliac fossa without any history of lower urinary tract symptoms, haematuria and urinary catheterization. Ultrasound showed loculated cystic area in pelvis with non-visualized appendix. A CT scan abdomen and pelvis revealed loculated, multi-septated cystic lesion in right hemipelvis thought to be a collection from possible appendicular inflammation / perforation. The laboratory findings revealed raised CRP and normal urine routine examination and culture. Exploratory laparotomy revealed cystic urinary bladder growth involving dome with normal appendix, partial cystectomy was done. Histopathology confirmed polypoid cystitis with no evidence of malignancy. This is a very rare presentation of polypoidal cystitis, not previously reported in literature.	bladder
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Bladder Cancer: Analysis of Cases Reported in the European Pharmacovigilance Database.	The association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and cancer risk is unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze whether a disproportionate number of cases of bladder cancer are reported for SGLT2is in EudraVigilance. A case/noncase study was conducted to assess the association between bladder cancer and SGLT2is, calculating reporting odds ratios (RORs) from November 11, 2012 (approval date for the first SGLT2i, dapagliflozin) to May 19, 2020. First, cases involving SGLT2is were compared with those involving all other drugs; and similar analysis was performed for each SGLT2i. Second, to reduce the risk of confounding by indication, the RORs for SGLT2is compared with other antidiabetics were obtained. Besides, 2 measures were taken to evaluate a possible notoriety bias: a sensitivity analysis excluding pioglitazone was performed and the evolution of the ROR over time for SGLT2is was measured. There were 6602 cases of bladder cancer in the 4,213,637 reports during the study period. SGLT2is were involved in 155 cases. The ROR for pooled SGLT2is was 3.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.39-4.66), disproportionality also being observed for each SGLT2i separately. The association was strongest for dapagliflozin (ROR, 7.02; 95%CI, 5.69-8.66). Nonetheless, this association disappeared when comparing SGLT2is with other antidiabetic drugs (ROR, 0.20; 95%CI, 0.17-0.24). But when excluding pioglitazone from the analysis, a safety signal for SGLT2is compared with other antidiabetics emerged (ROR, 6.84; 95%CI 5.41-8.65). Our study found a disproportionately high number of cases of bladder cancer among users of SGLT2is. However, observational analytical studies will be needed to confirm these results.	bladder
Activation of PPARγ and inhibition of cell proliferation reduces key proteins associated with the basal subtype of bladder cancer in As3+-transformed UROtsa cells.	Environmental exposure to arsenite (As3+) has a strong association with the development of human urothelial cancer (UC) and is the 5th most common cancer in men and the 12th most common cancer in women. Muscle invasive urothelial cancer (MIUC) are grouped into basal or luminal molecular subtypes based on their gene expression profile. The basal subtype is more aggressive and can be associated with squamous differentiation, characterized by high expression of keratins (KRT1, 5, 6, 14, and 16) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) within the tumors. The luminal subtype is less aggressive and is predominately characterized by elevated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma (PPARγ) and forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1). We have previously shown that As3+-transformed urothelial cells (As-T) exhibit a basal subtype of UC expressing genes associated with squamous differentiation. We hypothesized that the molecular subtype of the As-T cells could be altered by inducing the expression of PPARγ and/or inhibiting the proliferation of the cells. Non-transformed and As-T cells were treated with Troglitazone (TG, PPARG agonist, 10 μM), PD153035 (PD, an EGFR inhibitor, 1 μM) or a combination of TG and PD for 3 days. The results obtained demonstrate that treatment of the As-T cells with TG upregulated the expression of PPARγ and FOXA1 whereas treatment with PD decreased the expression of some of the basal keratins. However, a combined treatment of TG and PD resulted in a consistent decrease of several proteins associated with the basal subtype of bladder cancers (KRT1, KRT14, KRT16, P63, and TFAP2A). Our data suggests that activation of PPARγ while inhibiting cell proliferation facilitates the regulation of genes involved in maintaining the luminal subtype of UC. In vivo animal studies are needed to address the efficacy of using PPARγ agonists and/or proliferation inhibitors to reduce tumor grade/stage of MIUC.	bladder
A Highly Sensitive Catalytic Hairpin Assembly-Based Dynamic Light-Scattering Biosensors for Telomerase Detection in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis.	Precise evaluation of telomerase activity is highly crucial for early cancer diagnosis. In this study, a sensitive catalytic hairpin assembly-dynamic light scattering (CHA-DLS) assay for telomerase activity detection is developed by using the diameter change of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probes. The telomerase substrate primer can be extended in the presence of telomerase, producing a telomerase extension product (TEP) with telomeric repeat units (TTAGGG)(n) at its 3'-end. The TEP can specifically trigger the CHA process and form tremendous AuNPs-H1/H2 nanostructures, resulting in a significant increase in the diameter measured by DLS. Telomerase activity from different cancer cell lines (MCF-7, Huh7, and 5637) was detected using the proposed strategy, the diameter of AuNP probes increased with the number of cancer cells, and this method can accurately detect telomerase activity down to 6 MCF-7 cells, 10 Huh7 cells, and three 5637 cells. Moreover, the CHA-DLS biosensor was successfully applied in urine specimens from healthy individuals and different cancer patients, which can distinguish bladder cancer patients from healthy people and other cancer patients, indicating that the noninvasive method has a great potential for application in early diagnosis of bladder cancer.	bladder
Prospective Validation of Clinical Usefulness of a Novel mRNA-based Urine Test (Xpert® Bladder Cancer Monitor) for surveillance in Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.	OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical performance characteristics of Xpert Monitor test for recurrence detection during surveillance of patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patient with previous history of NMIBC were included in the study. Voided urine specimens were collected for Xpert monitor analysis and cytology. Office cystoscopy was performed for all study participants with in patient biopsy specimen retrieval for positive or suspicious cases. Test characteristics were calculated based on cystoscopy/biopsy results and compared between Xpert and cytology. RESULTS: Between March 2018 and May 2019, 181 patients including 168 (92.8%) males fulfilled the study criteria with median age 61 years, Primary tumors were low, intermediate, high risk in 2.8%, 22.7% and 74.5% of patients respectively. Biopsy proven recurrence was detected in 19 patients (10.4%). Xpert Monitor had a sensitivity of 73.7% with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.3%. Xpert Monitor was positive in all cases with high grade tumors (9 patients). Urine cytology showed sensitivity of 47% and an NPV of 93.2%. During follow up surveillance, out of 162 cystoscopy negative patients (CNP), 9.3% developed recurrence within 8 months. Xpert Monitor was found to be an independent predictor of early recurrence in CNP (HR=2.8, 95%CI=1.1-7.2, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Xpert Monitor urine test has a superior diagnostic performance for recurrence detection in NMIBC patients compared to urine cytology. It might be a helpful tool not only for excluding bladder cancer recurrence in those patients, but also for prediction of possible future early recurrence.	bladder
Reduced recurrence of low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is associated with low urine-specific gravity.	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between urine-specific gravity and oncological outcomes in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. METHODS: We identified 433 primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who underwent transurethral resection between 2002 and 2016. The association between urine-specific gravity and tumor recurrence was statistically evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 211 (48.7%) patients received adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. During the median follow-up period of 60 months, 155 (35.8%) patients experienced at least one tumor recurrence. Of them all, 95 (21.9%) and 338 (78.1%) patients had high (>1.020) and low (≤1.020) urine-specific gravity, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve suggested that recurrence-free survival was significantly lower in patients with a high urine-specific gravity; however, the multivariate analysis failed to show that urine-specific gravity is significantly associated with tumor recurrence. In 222 (51.3%) patients who had not received bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy, the Kaplan-Meier curve also suggested that recurrence-free survival was significantly lower in patients with a high urine-specific gravity. Multivariate analysis showed that age >70 years (hazard ratio 1.69, P = 0.02), grade 3 tumor (hazard ratio 1.81, P = 0.03) and high urine-specific gravity (hazard ratio 1.87, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: High urine-specific gravity is an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who have not received bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. Our results suggest that hydration status might have some clinical impacts on bladder tumor recurrence.	bladder