crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Update on perioperative systemic therapy for urothelial carcinoma.	Level 1 evidence supports cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIUBC). Recent data from small prospective trials with neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors are encouraging, but long-term follow-up is required. Randomized trials have failed to accrue a sufficient number of patients and have not demonstrated a survival benefit with adjuvant chemotherapy in MIUBC, but for those with high-risk features at surgery, adjuvant cisplatin-based therapy is appropriate. In upper tract urothelial carcinoma, several retrospective trials and one recent phase 2 prospective trial support the use of NAC, and a randomized trial with adjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated improved disease- and metastasis-free survival and a trend toward improved overall survival.	bladder
The Relationship Between Urothelial Type Bladder Cancer, Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels, and Vitamin D Receptor ApaI BsmI FokI, and TaqI Polymorphisms.	BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is an important health problem which ranks 4th among most frequently seen cancer types in men. In our study we aimed to investigate the correlations among urothelial type bladder cancer polymorphisms, ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI, prevalently observed in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and plasma vitamin D levels in a Turkish population. METHODS: Our study included 101 patients and 109 control subjects. Plasma 25(OH)D levels were determined using a HPLC method and VDR gene polymorphisms with PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: A statistically significant intergroup difference was not observed with regard to age, gender, and BMIs of the patients. Median (min - max) 25(OH)D levels in the patient and the control groups were determined as 11.9 ng/dL (1.9 - 33.0 ng/dL) and 9.7 ng/dL (2.1 - 39.5 ng/dL), respectively. A statistically significant intergroup difference was not observed with regard to 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.402). A statistically significant intergroup differ-ence was not observed with regard to genotype distribution of ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI polymorphisms and allele frequencies. Control and urothelial type bladder cancer groups showed a statistically significant difference with respect to genotype distribution of FokI polymorphism (p = 0.048). However in a binary logistic regression model, when corrected OR values were estimated by including smoking history in the model, the correlation detected be-tween the presence of FF and increased risk of disease was not statistically significant (ORadj = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.89 - 3.02, p = 0.114). CONCLUSIONS: In the light of the data concerning Turkish population a statistically significant correlation could not be demonstrated between plasma vitamin D levels, ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI polymorphisms, and urothelial type bladder cancers. Since literature data are limited in number, further studies should be conducted in larger patient groups.	bladder
CircCDYL inhibits the expression of C-MYC to suppress cell growth and migration in bladder cancer.	Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been revealed to play important roles in modulating gene expression and are involved in several pathological processes. However, a large number of the circRNAs in bladder cancer progression remain undetermined. In this study, the expression level of circCDYL was detected by quantitative real-time PCR in bladder cancer tissues. The circCDYL over-expression plasmid was constructed and transfected into bladder cancer cell lines. The cell migration was detected by using transwell migration assay and wound healing assay, and cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry. The relative protein expression was detected by Western blotting. It was found that circCDYL was low expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Functionally, over-expression of circCDYL inhibited cell growth and migration. Importantly, over-expression of circCDYL down-regulated the protein level of C-MYC in both EJ and T24T cells, while the mRNA level of C-MYC was not significantly reduced. Furthermore, over-expression of C-MYC could partly reverse the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest induced by circCDYL in bladder cancer cells. Our findings suggest that circCDYL functions as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer by down-regulating the expression of C-MYC, and this circular RNA might be used as a new target for bladder cancer therapy.	bladder
Long-term Changes in Renal Function, Blood Electrolyte Levels, and Nutritional Indices after Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Conduit in Patients with Bladder Cancer.	PURPOSE: To assess the long-term changes in renal function, blood electrolyte levels, and nutritional indices after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit in patients with bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 129 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and ileal conduit, we evaluated clinicopathologic features, complications, and the change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 years postoperatively. Two nutritional indices, the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and prognostic nutrition index (PNI), were calculated with laboratory tests. The Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, or Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was used, as appropriate. RESULTS: In the ileal conduit group, a parastromal hernia was observed in 10% of patients, whereas 13% had an ureteroenteric anastomotic stricture, which was associated with greater decline in the eGFR postoperatively. The first 5 year-decline in the eGFR was 1.74 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. The levels of only potassium showed a significant increase at 1 year postoperatively (mean: 4.34 mEq/L) and remained high compared with the baseline (4.14). Evaluation of the nutritional indices demonstrated that the GNRI, not PNI, showed a significant, transient increase from 1 to 4 years (range: 108?110) postoperatively compared with the baseline (105). CONCLUSION: The first 5 year-decline was much higher than that among Japanese individuals who participated in an annual health examination program. Further research should be performed to identify an appropriate strategy for selecting the suitable type of urinary diversion and postoperative nutritional interventions to improve the clinical outcome of patients with bladder cancer.	bladder
RETRACTED: lncRNA PEG10 promotes cell survival, invasion and migration by sponging miR-134 in human bladder cancer.	This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief as unusual similarity between the background of various Western Blots have been detected post-publication. Also, quadrants within various FACS plots appear similar to each other in Figure 2E. Panels from Figures 2C,D, 4C,D and 6D,E appear similar to panels from Figures 1B,C, 2D,E, 3D,E and 5C,D of the article that Zhiliang Guo, Lanlan Li, Yu Gao, Xiaoyun Zhang and Min Cheng have published in the Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 47 (2019) 2624-2633 https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1629953. Although this article was published earlier than the other article, the Editor decided to retract this article given concerns about the reliability of the data.	bladder
ETV5 links the FGFR3 and Hippo signalling pathways in bladder cancer.	Activating mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) are common in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UC). Silencing or inhibition of mutant FGFR3 in bladder cancer cell lines is associated with decreased malignant potential, confirming its important driver role in UC. However, understanding of how FGFR3 activation drives urothelial malignant transformation remains limited. We have previously shown that mutant FGFR3 alters the cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion properties of urothelial cells, resulting in loss of contact-inhibition of proliferation. In this study, we investigate a transcription factor of the ETS-family, ETV5, as a putative effector of FGFR3 signalling in bladder cancer. We show that FGFR3 signalling induces a MAPK/ERK-mediated increase in ETV5 levels, and that this results in increased level of TAZ, a co-transcriptional regulator downstream of the Hippo signalling pathway involved in cell-contact inhibition. We also demonstrate that ETV5 is a key downstream mediator of the oncogenic effects of mutant FGFR3, as its knockdown in FGFR3-mutant bladder cancer cell lines is associated with reduced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Overall this study advances our understanding of the molecular alterations occurring during urothelial malignant transformation and indicates TAZ as a possible therapeutic target in FGFR3-dependent bladder tumours.	bladder
RS 504393 inhibits M-MDSCs recruiting in immune microenvironment of bladder cancer after gemcitabine treatment.	Bladder cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor of urinary epithelium. Gemcitabine is an introduced treatment for BC and also has immunomodulatory function, but the immunoregulation mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that gemcitabine-treated BC cell recruited more monocyte-myeloid-derived suppressed cells (M-MDSCs), which played a significant role in immune suppression and contributed to cancer progression. We found that this phenomenon was induced by Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), an M-MDSCs recruitment related monomeric polypeptide. Gemcitabine treatment promotes the generation of CCL2 and CCL2 could attach to C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) to recruit M-MDSCs. We used RS 504393, a selective CCR2 antagonist, to inhibit the recruitment of M-MDSCs. RS 504393 improved the prognosis by blocking chemotaxis of M-MDSCs, and this finding sheds lights on how to prevent and alleviate the side effects occurred on the gemcitabine-treated BC patients.	bladder
Enhanced Recovery after Radical Cystectomy.	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programs are multimodal and interdisciplinary protocols, which aim to accelerate patient recovery and improve surgical outcomes through standardized perioperative care. In this review, we summarized the items included in most currently utilized protocols for patients undergoing radical cystectomy and we discussed the reported outcomes after the implementation. RECENT FINDINGS: Current protocols are mostly extrapolated from the colorectal surgery literature, and solid evidence in radical cystectomy is limited. Moreover, the items included in the protocols differ between countries and institutions, which make it difficult to quantify the individual contribution of each intervention to the overall effect of the ERAS program. Length of hospital stay (LOS), commonly used as a surrogate outcome of perioperative recovery, is reported to be lower for patients who benefited from an ERAS protocol. Complications and readmission rates showed no benefit to the ERAS protocols in most studies. SUMMARY: Although randomized controlled trials are needed to determinate the effect of the different items on patient recovery and the overall impact of ERAS program, available data support these protocols for patients undergoing radical cystectomy leading to a shorter LOS without increasing readmission or complication rates.	bladder
Intracorporeal neobladder.	OBJECTIVE: It is well known that RARC with intracorporeal diversion is being increasingly performed worldwide. In this article, we review the current situation of the intracorporeal neobladder. METHODS: We discuss the principles of intracorporeal orhotopic diversion, focusing on the most relevant: The Karolinska-modified Studer neobladder, the University of Southern California-modified Studer neobladder. The pyramid pouch and the modified Y-shaped orthotopic neobladder. We also compare functional and perioperative outcomes from our series and the available studies regarding RARC and intracorporeal orthotopic diversion. RESULTS: Review of existing literature suggests that RARC with totally intracorporeal neobladder, in some cases, has improved operative,  postoperative, and functional outcomes, becoming a safe and feasible alternative to ORC. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the intraorporeal neobladders series appear to be promising, but high-quality randomized controlled trials comparing to ICUD to ECUD should be performed in order to define the advantages and  disadvantages of totally intracorporeal urinary diversion and its future role in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer.	bladder
Robotic radical cystectomy.	OBJECTIVES: Radical cystectomy (RC) is one of the most complex and morbid surgical procedures in Urology. Several retrospective and prospective studies have demonstrated that robotic-assisted RC (RARC) represents a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery, showing non-inferiority in mid-term oncological outcomes. Moreover, important advantages related with  perioperative complications have also been published. The aim of this article is to describe RARC surgical steps and to review the most relevant ndings in the eld of RARC, focusing on its strengths and weaknesses when compared with open RC. METHODS: We performed a detailed step-by-step description of the RARC surgical technique, paying particular attention to its specific surgical details and adding our tips and tricks for an out standing performance. We also conducted a review of the most relevant articles in literature in terms of oncological, pathological and perioperative results. All these findings have been compared with the classical open radical cystectomy (ORC) technique. RESULTS: None of the studies published have demonstrated RARC to have worse oncological outcomes (PSM,RFS, CSS, OS) compared to ORC. RARC shows a decrease in blood loss and transfusion rates. No differences have been observed in complications rate, length of hospital stay, quality of life, and time to bowel movement between both approaches. The two disadvantages of RARC compared to ORC are a longer operative time and increased cost. Operating time can be reduced with surgeons gaining experience and technique standardization. The cost disparities and operative time between ORC and RARC at high-volume academic centers are less pronounced than in the general medical community. CONCLUSIONS: RARC is a technically feasible and safe approach, with oncological, pathological and perioperative results, at least, equivalent to ORC.	bladder
Diagnosis of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma by immunocytology with p53, MCM5, MCM2 and Ki-67 antibodies using cell blocks derived from urine.	OBJECTIVE: Immunocytochemistry has attained a marginal role in urology so far. Combining the morphological and immunophenotypical changes of the urothelial cells retrieved from urine is a logical approach. The study aimed to analyse the diagnostic potential of immunocytological staining in the detection of high-grade and low-grade urothelial carcinoma. METHODS: Freshly voided urine was collected from 152 consecutive individuals, cytology classes were determined and cell blocks produced. A total of 77 patients were diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma and 75 patients had various benign urological conditions. Immunocytochemistry was performed using four antibodies: p53, MCM2, MCM5 and Ki-67. A diagnostic power to detect low grade and high-grade urothelial carcinoma was analysed for each antibody and their combinations with cytology. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between patients with low-grade tumours and control group. Antibodies p53 and Ki-67 slightly improved the sensitivity of urinary cytology while maintaining its specificity. The best negative predictive value was demonstrated in combinations of cytology and MCM5 (88.9%) and cytology, p53 and MCM5 (90.6%). In the diagnosis of high-grade tumours, all antibodies apart from MCM2 yielded better sensitivity and specificity than cytology alone (receiver operating characteristic curves: p53 = 0.853, MCM5 = 0.931, and Ki-67 = 0.895). Combined with cytology, the sensitivities went even higher for the cost of lower specificity. The best diagnostic performance was observed in the combination of MCM5 and Ki-67 (sensitivity = 96.2%; specificity = 80%). CONCLUSIONS: Immunocytochemistry with p53, MCM5 and Ki-67 antibodies can improve the diagnostic power of urinary cytology in the detection and follow-up of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma.	bladder
Outcomes in patients with metastatic bladder cancer in the USA: a retrospective electronic medical record study.	Aim: Investigate the effectiveness of chemotherapy for first-line (1L) treatment of metastatic bladder cancer (mBC). Methods: Retrospective cohort study evaluating treatment patterns/outcomes in 1155 mBC patients receiving initial treatment in the community practice setting from January 2010 to June 2014, and followed through July 2016. Results: The most commonly utilized 1L and second-line (2L) regimens were platinum-based and taxane-based, respectively. Median (95% CI) OS for all patients from 1L initiation was 12.8 months (11.7-14.6), and median OS for all 2L regimens was 9.4 months (8.2-11.1). Conclusion: mBC patients eligible for and who received cis-based regimens experienced better OS results. Poor renal function was a key driver of cis-ineligibility. The various monotherapy and combination chemotherapy regimens in 2L produced relatively short OS outcomes.	bladder
Long noncoding RNA PEG10 facilitates bladder cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion via repressing microRNA-29b.	Long noncoding RNA paternally expressed gene 10 (lncRNA PEG10) has been certified to regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in diversified cancer cells. Nevertheless, the functions of PEG10 in bladder cancer cells remain uninvestigated. We tried to probe the impacts of PEG10 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells. PEG10 expression in SV-HUC-1, T24, RT4, and 253J-BV cells was estimated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). After pc-PEG10 or sh-PEG10 transfection, the impacts of PEG10 on T24 and 253J-BV cell viability, migration, invasion, and the relevant proteins were disclosed via employing CCK-8, Transwell, and western blot. The relevancy between miR-29b and PEG10 was probed, and the influences of overexpressed miR-29b in above-mentioned cell biological processes were reassessed. Wnt/β-catenin and JNK pathways were ultimately analyzed to unmake the underling mechanism. We found that overexpressed PEG10 facilitated cell viability and upregulated CyclinD1, CDK4, and CDK6 in T24 and 253J-BV cells. Cell migration and invasion were also elevated by overexpressed PEG10 through the enhancement of MMP-2, MMP-9, and Vimentin. In addition, repressed miR-29b was observed in PEG10-overexpressed T24 and 253J-BV cells. Moreover, overexpressed miR-29b overtly overturned the carcinogenic impacts of PEG10 on T24 cells. The activations of Wnt/β-catenin and JNK pathways were enhanced by overexpressed PEG10 via mediating miR-29b. SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) disposition reversed the acceerative impacts of PEG10 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in T24 cells. In conclusion, the investigations testified that PEG10 gave play to the carcinogenic impacts on bladder cancer cells via mediating miR-29b-Wnt/β-catenin-JNK axis.	bladder
The Cancer of the Bladder Risk Assessment (COBRA) score for predicting cancer-specific survival after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: External validation in a cohort of Korean patients.	OBJECTIVES: To validate the Cancer of the Bladder Risk Assessment (COBRA) score for predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) in comparison with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system using an external cohort of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) from South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The final validation cohort consisted of 855 patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for UCB in a single institution. The impact of the COBRA score on CSS was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Discrimination accuracy was quantified with concordance index. Calibration plots were used to determine the relationship between model-predicted CSS and actual CSS at 2 years and 5 years after RC. Clinical usefulness of the COBRA score was assessed using decision curve analyses. RESULTS: One-point increase in the COBRA score (range, 0-6) was closely related to a 1.50-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.62) in the risk of death from UCB. Discrimination accuracies of the COBRA score and AJCC staging system for CSS at 5 years were 70.6% (95% CI: 67.2-74.0) and 68.3% (95% CI: 65.0-71.6), respectively. Compared to the AJCC staging system, the COBRA score was generally well-calibrated for predicting CSS at 2 and 5 years after RC. On decision curve analyses, the use of the COBRA score showed more clinical net benefits across a wide range of threshold probabilities than the AJCC staging system. CONCLUSIONS: Our external validation results suggest that although the COBRA score is not perfectly accurate, it shows a reasonable level of discriminative ability, adequate calibration, and meaningful net benefit gain for predicting CSS after RC in a Korean UCB cohort.	bladder
Objectifying grade in Ta-T1 urothelial carcinomas of the bladder using proliferative and quantitative markers: A multicentre study in 310 bladder tumors.	PURPOSE: Histological grade is an important prognostic factor in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, interobserver variability is high. Previous studies have suggested that quantification of histological features is useful to objectify grading. We evaluated whether quantification of the mean nuclear area of the 10 largest nuclei (MNA-10), degree of aneuploidy (DNA index or DI) and mitotic activity index (MAI) are of diagnostic value for NMIBC grade. Additionally, prognostic value of the 3 measures was assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A consensus grade was determined by 3 uropathologists in 310 NMIBC tissues according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 1973 and the WHO2004. Logistic regression with forward selection was used to determine the optimal combination of measures (MNA-10, DI, and MAI) to diagnose grade 3 (G3) or high-grade (HG) NMIBC (WHO1973 and WHO2004, respectively). RESULTS: In 310 tumors of 215 patients at least 1 of the measures (MNA-10, DI, or MAI) had been determined. The combination of MNA-10 and MAI was selected as the most diagnostic combination and resulted in a sensitivity of 94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87-100) at a specificity of 72% (95% CI: 66-78) for G3 tumors. For the diagnosis of HG tumors sensitivity was 92% (95% CI: 86-97) at a specificity of 76% (95% CI: 70-93). CONCLUSIONS: Determination of MNA-10 and MAI is promising for diagnosing G3 and HG bladder tumors. These findings warrant further studies on the diagnostic and prognostic value of proliferative and quantitative features in bladder cancer patients.	bladder