crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Survivin expression as a predictive marker for local control in patients with high-risk T1 bladder cancer treated with transurethral resection and radiochemotherapy.	PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression of survivin in tumor samples from patients with high-risk T1 bladder cancer and to correlate its expression with clinicopathologic features as well as clinical outcomes after initial transurethral resection (TURBT) followed by radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Survivin protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tumor specimen (n = 48) from the initial TURBT, and was correlated with clinical and histopathologic characteristics as well as with 5-year rates of local failure, tumor progression, and death from urothelial cancer after primary bladder sparring treatment with RT/RCT. RESULTS: Survivin was not expressed in normal bladder urothelium but was overexpressed in 67% of T1 tumors. No association between survivin expression and clinicopathologic factors (age, gender, grading, multifocality, associated carcinoma in situ) could be shown. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 3-140 months), elevated survivin expression was significantly associated with an increased probability of local failure after TURBT and RCT/RT (p = 0.003). There was also a clear trend toward a higher risk of tumor progression (p = 0.07) and lower disease-specific survival (p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: High survivin expression is a marker of tumor aggressiveness and may help to identify a subgroup of patients with T1 bladder cancer at a high risk for recurrence when treated with primary organ-sparing approaches such as TURBT and RCT.	bladder
[Case of bladder cancer following adjuvant external beam radiation for prostate cancer].	A 57-year-old male with a history of right renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed with prostate carcinoma associated with a high PSA level (5.2 ng/ml). Histological examination of the resected prostate specimen obtained by radical prostatectomy revealed well differentiated adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 3 + 3, and pT3aN0M0. After six months of observation, an elevation of PSA level was recognized and local recurrence was suspected. Therefore, radiotherapy with a total of 61.2 Gy was administered. Seventeen months later, bladder cancer was diagnosed. It had to be treated with pelvic evisceration because of suspicious heavy adhesions due to prior treatments. Histology findings were urothelial carcinoma in situ, G3, and pTisN0M0.	bladder
Impact of body mass index on clinical and cost outcomes after radical cystectomy.	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) on the cost and clinical variables after radical cystectomy (RC), as studies show that obesity might adversely affect the outcomes after RC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The charts of patients who had RC from January 2004 to March 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. Complete cost and clinical information was available for 99 patients; the patient and tumour characteristics and peri-operative outcomes were recorded. Detailed cost information (room and board, laboratory, pharmacy, radiology, operating room, surgical supply, anaesthesia, and recovery room) was obtained from hospital billing. Patients were stratified and compared in three groups of BMI, i.e. normal weight (<25), overweight (25-<30) and obese (> or =30). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 66 years; 27% were normal weight, 38% were overweight and 34% were obese. Of obese patients, 24% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 0, vs none and 2.6% in the normal and overweight groups, respectively (P = 0.001). Those of normal weight had the highest overall and major complication rates (P = 0.57 and 0.28, respectively). Obese patients had insignificantly higher transfusion rates (P = 0.28). The direct cost was higher in normal weight ($14,314) than overweight ($13,808) and obese ($13,666) patients (P = 0.47). Higher room and board cost in normal-weight patients was the only significant cost difference (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: BMI was not associated with increased costs of cystectomy. The absence of differences in cost-related and clinical outcomes might be attributable to variable comorbidity among groups and the experience of a high-volume surgeon and staff at a tertiary-care referral centre that routinely cares for obese patients.	bladder
Impact of marital status in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.	PURPOSE: Married (vs. unmarried) individuals have improved health status and longer life expectancies in a variety of benign and malignant disease states, including prostate, breast, head/neck, and lung cancers. We sought to evaluate a cohort of patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer to evaluate the impact of marital status on demographic, peri-operative, and pathological outcomes in order to better understand the factors which may contribute to the survival differences observed. METHODS: Two-hundred and two patients underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for bladder cancer. Patients were categorized based on marital status as either married or unmarried (widowed, divorced, never married). Correlations were made to demographic factors (age, race, gender, BMI, tobacco use, alcohol use), perioperative factors (pre-op renal function (creatinine), hematocrit, EBL, hospital stay, choice of diversion), and pathological outcomes (organ-confined status, LN positivity). RESULTS: Of the 202 patients, 74% were married. Married individuals (vs. unmarried) were more often male (84 vs. 62%) and had a higher BMI (28.1 vs. 25.9). Married persons had a significantly lower pre-op creatinine (1.1 vs. 1.4) and higher hematocrit (39 vs. 34). Hospital stay was shorter in married patients by a mean of 1.6 days. Regarding operative pathology, married patients had a higher rate of organ-confined disease (59 vs. 47%) (P = 0.05, 0.08 on multivariate) and trended towards a lower rate of LN positivity (15 vs. 21%; P = 0.10, 0.12 multivariate). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer, married individuals appear to have improved pre-operative laboratory variables, shorter hospitalization, and improved pathological outcomes versus unmarried patients in our case series. These findings may support the evidence (observed in other tumor types and other disease states) that married persons present earlier than unmarried individuals, and this may help explain the improved survival outcomes that have been observed in married patients with bladder cancer.	bladder
[Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction for bladder tumor in a 3-year-old boy].	OBJECTIVE: To present a case of laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction for bladder tumor in a child. METHODS: A 3-year-old boy with bladder rhabdomyosarcoma underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. The bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and cystectomy were performed laparoscopically, and removal of the mobilized specimens and urinary diversion operation were managed through enlarged abdomen incision. The urinary diversion procedure included construction of the detenial sigmoid pouch, bilateral stented antiflux implantation of the ureters in the pouch and orthotopic anastomosis of the neobladder with the urethra. RESULTS: The total operative time was 6 h, and the laparoscopic procedure lasted for about 3.5 h. The intraoperative blood loss was 50 ml, and 200 ml concentrated red blood cell transfusion was used for the safety of the patient. Six dissected lymph nodes in each pelvic side and the surgical margins of the ureter and urethra were all free of tumor invasion. Bowel peristalsis recovered 3 days after the operation, and the pelvic drainage and the neobladder drainage tubes were removed on day 7 and 14, respectively. The urethral catheter and ureteral stents were removed 25 days after the operation. The daytime urine control and micturition recovered 1 week after the operation. The neobladder capacity was about 110 ml, with residual urine volume of 10 ml and peak flow rate of 12 ml/s after 5 months. No perioperative complications occurred such as water-electrolyte and metabolic acid-base balance disorders, urinary leakage, reflux or bowel obstruction. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is minimally invasive, reduces intraoperative blood loss and allows rapid postoperative recovery, and can be a promising approach to management of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in children.	bladder
A case of urothelial carcinoma with triple variants featuring nested, plasmacytoid, and lipoid cell morphology.	We present very rare variants of urothelial carcinoma featuring nested, plasmacytoid, and lipoid cell morphology in an 80-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital with mictritional pain and bilateral hydronephrosis. Abdominal computed tomography showed diffuse thickening of the urinary bladder, indicating probable invasion into the surrounding adipose tissue. Cytological tests on a urine specimen revealed medium-sized cancer cell clusters with hyperchromatic nuclei and dense cytoplasm, small clusters of dyshesive cells with eccentric or crescent nuclei, and abundant or vacuolated cytoplasm mimicking plasma cells or lipoblasts. Histopathological findings of the bladder tumor revealed that the nested urothelial carcinoma variants were mainly located in the lamina propria, whereas the plasmacytoid and lipoid-cell variants had deeply infiltrated into cells with a myxoid background. Immunohistochemically, the cancer cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, but not for vimentin, S-100, or hematopoietic markers of plasma cells such as CD79alpha and CD38. The patient received no radiosurgical therapies because of the advanced stage of her disease and died a few months after the initial diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first cytological and histological examination of urothelial carcinoma consisting of nested, plasmacytoid, and lipoid-cell variants of the urinary bladder.	bladder
Cytomorphologic features of the plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma: a case report.	The plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma is an uncommon form of urothelial carcinoma with a distinctive histologic appearance. Descriptions of the cytologic features of this particular type of urothelial carcinoma in urinary specimens are limited. The present report details the urinary cytomorphologic findings of a plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma occurring in the urinary bladder of a 66-year-old male. Bladder washings showed the presence of scattered dyscohesive cells with a plasmacytoid appearance characterized by abundant amounts of cytoplasm, eccentrically located nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli. The diagnosis of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma was confirmed upon histologic examination of a concurrently performed transurethral resection specimen, with immunohistochemical studies supporting this interpretation. Although rare, the plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma should be a diagnostic consideration when atypical cells with plasmacytoid features are encountered in a urinary specimen.	bladder
Surveillance of urothelial carcinoma: stage and grade migration, 1993-2005 and survival trends, 1993-2000.	BACKGROUND: Previous investigators have detected shifts to lower stages at diagnosis for renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer. The authors investigated whether a similar pattern is seen for urothelial carcinomas of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis and sought to identify changes in cancer grade and survival trends from 1993 to 2005. METHODS: The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) collects data on approximately 75% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases annually. The authors queried the database for cases of urothelial carcinomas diagnosed in 1993-2005 in patients aged 18 years and older. All cancer stage data were forward converted to the sixth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging definitions. RESULTS: A total of 334,480 bladder cancer cases, 15,105 renal pelvis cancer cases, and 10,128 ureteral carcinoma cases were identified. Stage data were available for 84% of bladder cases, 83% of renal pelvis cases, and 82% of ureter cases. With the classification of early stage tumors as stage 0a, 0is, and I and late stage tumors as II, III, and IV, the percentage of early stage renal pelvis and ureter tumors increased slightly from 1993 to 2005, whereas no stage migration was seen in bladder tumors. In looking specifically at early stage tumors, a significant increase in the proportion of stage 0a and a significant decrease in the proportion of stage I tumors for each cancer site was seen between 1993 and 2005. The proportion of high grade tumors in each disease site significantly increased from 1993 to 2005. For cases diagnosed in 1993-1996 and 1997-2000, a significant decrease in 5-year relative survival was observed for patients with stage I and stage II bladder cancer. The absolute change, however, was relatively small, and for bladder cases was not significantly different when adjusted for low or high grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS: When differentiating between early and late stage tumors, a slight stage migration was seen in renal pelvis and ureteral carcinomas, whereas no stage migration was seen in bladder tumors. Within early stage tumors of all sites, a stage shift was seen, most notably with the proportion of stage 0a tumors increasing and stage I tumors decreasing. The proportion of high grade tumors in all sites increased. No change in overall survival was observed, underscoring the need for new therapeutic advances.	bladder
Pathway-based biomarker search by high-throughput proteomics profiling of secretomes.	"An efficient means for the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers is essential in today's cancer management. A new approach toward biomarker discovery has therefore been proposed, where pathways instead of individual proteins would be monitored and targeted. Recently, the 'secretome', a biological fluid that may be enriched with secreted and/or shed proteins from adjacent disease-relevant cancer cells, has been targeted for biomarker discovery. We describe a novel method for secretome analysis using ""stacking gels"", label-free relative quantitation, and pathway analysis. The protocol presented here increases the throughput of secretome analysis by approximately 1 order of magnitude compared to earlier methodologies. In the first application, six cancer cell lines from three different tissues were studied. The global secretome data sets obtained were analyzed using pathway analysis software to attempt integrating the experimental findings into a cellular signaling context. This suggested that several secretome proteins might be interconnected with intracellular canonical pathways. This, in turn, may eventually allow the use of secretomes for discovery of pathway-based biomarkers. When this strategy was applied to two breast cancer cell lines, it appeared that the IGF signaling and the plasminogen activating system may be differentially regulated in invasive breast cancer, but this remains speculative until it is verified in a clinical setting. In summary, the methodology proposed optimizes cell culture with sample fractionation and LC-MS to obtain the highest yield from cultured cell secretomes, with a focus on rational biomarker discovery through putative linkage with cancer relevant pathways."	bladder
Arias-Stella reaction as a diagnostic pitfall in a bladder biopsy with endometriosis: case report and review of the pseudoneoplastic bladder lesions.	Arias-Stella reaction is a hormone-induced atypical endometrial change that may involve endometrial, extraendometrial, or endometriotic sites. Establishing a correct diagnosis of Arias-Stella reaction may sometimes be problematic when seen outside of the uterine corpus, particularly in a limited biopsy sample when the pathologist is not aware of the clinical history. We report an Arias-Stella reaction in bladder endometriosis, which presented as a bladder mass in a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Clinical information of intrauterine pregnancy (week 16) was not initially provided when the biopsy was performed. We also discuss endometriosis, endocervicosis, and müllerianosis of the bladder, which are benign glandular lesions that may mimic tumors within the bladder wall.	bladder
Better compliance contributes to better nocturnal continence with orthotopic ileal neobladder than ileocolonic neobladder after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.	OBJECTIVES: To investigate, in a randomized controlled study, the degree of continence after the creation of orthotopic ileocolonic and ileal neobladders after cystectomy and to explore a possible mechanism for the difference in continence between these 2 types of orthotopic neobladder. METHODS: From 2003 to 2007, 71 male patients underwent orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction with either an ileocolonic or ileal neobladder after radical cystectomy. The degrees of continence and voiding patterns were individually evaluated using urodynamic examinations and a detailed patient questionnaire. The abnormal upper tract was evaluated using intravenous urography and ultrasonography. RESULTS: Complete daytime continence was achieved in 90.9% and 89.4% of the patients and functional nocturnal continence 48.5% and 76.3% of patients in the ileocolonic neobladder and ileal neobladder groups, respectively. The urodynamic data showed that the initial volume of both the ileocolonic and the ileal neobladder appeared to not be significantly different statistically, although the compliance of the ileocolonic neobladder was lower than that of the ileal neobladder (P < .05). No difference was found in the parameters such as flow rate, urethral profile length, maximal urethral pressure, or neobladder neck pressure between the 2 neobladder types. CONCLUSIONS: Although the ileocolonic and ileal neobladders can both achieve a large initial volume, the ileal neobladder has an advantage in the aspect of obtaining satisfactory nocturnal continence because of its greater compliance compared with that of the ileocolonic neobladder.	bladder
Urothelial carcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma of bladder: is survival different with stage adjustment?	OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is different from that of patients with urothelial carcinoma, after adjusting for stage, grade, demographic factors, and the initial treatment. METHODS: Information on bladder cancer cases diagnosed from 1988 to 2003 was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The tumors were classified by histologic type, grade, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. Other covariates included age, sex, race, and information on the initial treatment (cystectomy and radiotherapy). The outcome variables examined were all-cause and bladder cancer-specific mortality within 2 years of diagnosis. Covariate-adjusted mortality differences were computed within each stage using the modified least squares model. RESULTS: SCC histologic features were an independent predictor of all-cause and bladder cancer-specific mortality among patients with AJCC Stage I and II tumors who did not undergo cystectomy as a part of their initial treatment and among patients with AJCC Stage III and IV regardless of whether cystectomy was performed. SCC histologic features were not associated with increased mortality among patients with AJCC Stage I and II tumors treated with cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: SCC appears to be more aggressive than urothelial carcinoma after adjusting for stage and other prognostic factors, except for cases in which the tumor was confined to the bladder wall and the bladder was removed as a part of the initial treatment.	bladder
Mortality due to lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer in towns lying in the vicinity of combustion installations.	BACKGROUND: Installations that burn fossil fuels to generate power may represent a health problem due to the toxic substances which they release into the environment. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether there might be excess mortality due to tumors of lung, larynx and bladder in the population residing near Spanish combustion installations included in the European Pollutant Emission Register. METHODS: Ecologic study designed to model sex-specific standardized mortality ratios for the above three tumors in Spanish towns, over the period 1994-2003. Population exposure to pollution was estimated on the basis of distance from town of residence to pollution source. Using mixed Poisson regression models, we analyzed: risk of dying from cancer in a 5-kilometer zone around installations that commenced operations before 1990; effect of type of fuel used; and risk gradient within a 50-kilometer radius of such installations. RESULTS: Excess mortality (relative risk, 95% confidence interval) was detected in the vicinity of pre-1990 installations for lung cancer (1.066, 1.041-1.091 in the overall population; 1.084, 1.057-1.111 in men), and laryngeal cancer among men (1.067, 0.992-1.148). Lung cancer displayed excess mortality for all types of fuel used, whereas in laryngeal and bladder cancer, the excess was associated with coal-fired industries. There was a risk gradient effect in the proximity of a number of installations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results could support the hypothesis of an association between risk of lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer mortality and proximity to Spanish combustion installations.	bladder
Does RNA editing play a role in the development of urinary bladder cancer?	PURPOSE: A-to-I RNA editing is essential for the development of normal cells and is involved in a wide variety of biological pathways. Currently, limited information suggests linkage between changes in RNA editing levels and the development of cancer. We aimed to explore the possible linkage between altered RNA editing levels and the development of human urinary bladder neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Normal and tumoral urinary bladder tissues were obtained from each patient during surgery. Total RNA was extracted from tissue cells and converted by RT-PCR reaction to cDNA molecules for further analysis. We explored known editing sites in RNA encoding for proteins (BLCAP, Cyfip2, FLNA, GluB Q/R) as well as in RNA transcribed from Alu elements in noncoding regions of the genes encoding for CARD11, FANCC, MDM4, BRCA1, and RBBP9 proteins. Editing levels were determined using Sequenom MassARRAY Compact Analyzer. RESULTS: Eleven tumoral tissues obtained were low grade TCC, 14 high grade TCC, 1 CIS, and another 5 inflammation. One sample contained only normal tissue. We got a total number of 30 normal bladder tissue samples and overall 29 paired samples (i.e., normal and tumoral tissues obtained from the same patient). Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes in editing levels between normal and tumoral tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Relying on the results obtained for 9 different editing sites, it can be determined that RNA editing is an epigenetic mechanism that does not participate in the evolution of urinary bladder cancer.	bladder