crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the anti-reflux ileum valve-pouch orthotopic neobladder and the Studer technique after radical cystecomy: surgical and renal functional outcomes.	BACKGROUND: This study describes the construction of an anti-reflux neobladder using an ileum valve-pouch (IVP) and compares its efficacy with that of the modified Studer-pouch (MSP). METHODS: This study included a total of 127 patients who underwent radical cystectomy + neobladder construction (IVP: n = 66; MSP = 61) between January 2015 and June 2023 at two major medical centers in our city. Potential bias was reduced by 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) to compare oncology, complications, and renal function protection between the two groups. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 44.5 and 35.5 months in the IVP and MSP groups, respectively. After propensity scoring, 84 patients (42 in each group) were included in the analysis.There was no significant statistical difference in the operation time(p = 0.128) and the time of urinary diversion (p = 0.354) between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier curves showed no significant differences in cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p = 0.181) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.611) between the two groups. In addition, the total complications and renal function were not statistically different between the two groups (p > 0.05). The incidence of patients who needed to be re-hospitalized due to urinary tract infection was lower in the VIP group than in the MSP group (p = 0.039). At 12 months postoperatively, lower rates of decreased eGFR and renal function damage were observed in the IVP group compared to the MSP group (p = 0.031 and < 0.001), which were significantly related to the type of neobladder (p = 0.004) and preoperative eGFR values (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The preliminary results of VIP technique are safe and effective. It does not increase the time of anti-reflux construction. The incidence of complications similar in the two groups. However, the protection of renal function at 12 months after surgery seemed to be superior to MSP.The independent factors affecting renal function damage are neobladder type and preoperative eGFR.	bladder
Effect of Nutritional-Psychological Dual-Wheel-Driven Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Nursing on the Prognosis of Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.	BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate and presents postoperative challenges that impact patient recovery. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs, which incorporate nutritional and psychological strategies, have demonstrated benefits in perioperative care. This study evaluates the effect of a novel nutritional-psychological dual-wheel-driven ERAS protocol on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing bladder cancer surgery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with bladder cancer treated between January 2021 and June 2024. Participants were divided into a routine ERAS group and an enhanced support group receiving enhanced nutritional and psychological support. Perioperative outcomes, including postoperative recovery time, anxiety, nutritional status, complications and patient satisfaction were assessed between groups. RESULTS: The enhanced support group (n = 121) demonstrated significant improvements in postoperative recovery metrics compared with the routine group (n = 124), that is, they had reduced intensive care unit stay, faster nasogastric tube removal and earlier time to flatus, defecation and full oral diet (p < 0.05). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant interaction effect of time and group on Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002 scores (p = 0.010). The main effects of time and group were significant for NRS 2002, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (all p < 0.05). Simple effects analysis showed lower NRS 2002 and SAS scores in the enhanced support group than in the routine group at 24 hours before surgery and 1 day after surgery (p < 0.05) but higher VAS scores (p < 0.05). Fewer wound leakage complications occurred in the enhanced support group (p = 0.031), and patient satisfaction rates were significantly higher (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional-psychological dual-wheel-driven ERAS protocol is associated with improved postoperative recovery, reduced complications and increased patient satisfaction in patients with bladder cancer.	bladder
[Expression of Concern] Knockdown of Bmi1 inhibits the stemness properties and tumorigenicity of human bladder cancer stem cell‑like side population cells.	Following the publication of this paper, a concerned reader drew to the Editor's attention that the positioning and proportions of the first and third mice (from the left) in Fig. 7A were very similar, raising a possible concern that the same mouse had been used to show the experiments in these cases. The authors were contacted by the Editorial Office to offer an explanation for this potential anomaly in the presentation of the data in this paper; however, up to this time, no response from them has been forthcoming. Owing to the fact that the Editorial Office has been made aware of potential issues surrounding the scientific integrity of this paper, we are issuing an Expression of Concern to notify readers of this potential problem while the Editorial Office continues to investigate this matter further. [Oncology Reports 31: 727‑736, 2014; DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2919].	bladder
Prediction of HER2 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Are Ultrasound-based Radiomic Features Significant?	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ultrasound-based radiomic features can be used for the prediction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the pre-operative ultrasound data of 113 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder who were classified into training (n = 67) and test (n = 46) sets. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to identify the most discriminative radiomic features for evaluating HER2 status and seven radiomics-based machine learning models were developed. The discriminative performance of the models was evaluated using metrics including area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROCs). A nomogram based on logistic regression was established to visualize the predictive model combining clinical and radiomic signatures. RESULTS: Ultimately, seven radiomic features for HER2 status prediction were identified, six of which were derived from the wavelet images. Shapley Additive exPlanations analysis revealed that wavelet_LHH_glcm_MCC had the highest weight in predicting HER2 expression. All of the radiomics-based prediction models achieved an area under the curve of more than 0.72 in the test set. The combining nomogram exhibited areas under the curve of 0.827 (95% CI: 0.723-0.931) in the training set and 0.784 (95% CI: 0.616-0.953) in the test set, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-based radiomic features, especially the wavelet transform-based texture features, show potential for non-invasive HER2 status classification in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.	bladder
Elucidating a novel prognostic signature for bladder cancer by integrating hypoxia and lactate metabolism-related genes: comprehensive bioinformatics analyses and experimental evidence.	BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Massive lactate production and hypoxia are characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, our understanding of the clinical value of hypoxia and lactate metabolism (HLM) in BLCA remains limited. METHODS: K-means clustering algorithm was used to classify molecular subtypes. The prognostic model was developed via univariate cox regression, random forest, and stepwise multivariate cox regression analyses. We subsequently systematically correlated the hypoxia and lactate metabolism-related risk score with the TME, BLCA consensus subtypes, and potential predictive value for drug therapy efficacy. Single-cell analyses demonstrated the expression of the modeling genes in various cell subtypes in the TME, and experimental validation was performed to examine the expression and function of GALK1 and TFRC. RESULTS: The TCGA cohort was classified into two subtypes. A 9-gene signature was established on the basis of genes associated with HLM, which predicted prognosis with exceptional efficacy. Patients with high risk scores had a poor prognosis, abundant infiltration of tumor-promoting immune cells and suppressed immune function. Furthermore, we anticipated that these patients were insensitive to immunotherapy and conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, such patients were more inclined to the basal subtype. The modeling genes GALK1 and TFRC were highly expressed in BLCA and promoted tumor cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS: Our signature further illustrated heterogeneity of BLCA. This signature could predict prognosis, consensus subtypes and treatment efficacy. We believe that this signature can optimize individual treatment decisions.	bladder
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Alteration Status and Outcomes on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.	PURPOSE: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) has expanded in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), but response rates are variable, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been shown to predict response to ICPI, but Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) alterations are common drivers in mUC and there is preclinical and anecdotal evidence that they may predict less favorable outcomes to ICPIs, similar to ALK and ROS1 fusions in lung cancer. We sought to explore the effect of FGFR3 alterations alone and with TMB on response to ICPI in mUC. METHODS: A total of 1,416 patients with mUC who received hybrid-capture next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genomic profiling were evaluated for their response to ICPI and chemotherapy based on the presence of FGFR3 alterations and TMB. A nationwide deidentified real-world clinicogenomic database (CGDB) of NGS results linked to deidentified electronic health record-derived clinical data was used to assess treatment patterns and real-world overall survival (rwOS) and real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS). RESULTS: Among 819 patients with mUC who received ICPI, there were no significant differences in rwOS or rwPFS between FGFR3-altered (alt) and wild-type (wt) patients. However, among patients with TMB ≥10 mut/Mb, FGFR3-alt patients trended toward longer rwOS and rwPFS than FGFR3-wt patients. Comparing first-line ICPI versus chemotherapy and adjusting for imbalances, patients with TMB ≥10 and FGFR3-alt who received ICPI also trended toward longer rwPFS than patients who received chemotherapy although no significant difference in rwOS was observed. CONCLUSION: While FGFR3 status alone is not predictive of response to ICPI, FGFR3 combined with TMB emerged as a biomarker that may be predictive of response to ICPI in mUC. Further studies involving larger patient populations are warranted to confirm these findings.	bladder
Updated cost-effectiveness analysis of first-line novel therapies in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma across the UK, US, and China.	BACKGROUND: Recent clinical trials (CheckMate 901 and EV-302) have shown that nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin (N + GC) and enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (EV + P) significantly improve survival in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). Updated follow-up results from the EV-302 study were presented at the ASCO GU 2025 conference, but the economic feasibility of these therapies remains unclear. This study aims to access the cost-effectiveness of N + GC and EV + P compared to chemotherapy in la/mUC across the US, UK, and China using updated follow-up data from clinical trials. METHODS: This study employed a Markov model included three health states to evaluate health outcomes and costs. Each model cycle spanned 3 weeks with 2 years, 5 years, 10 years. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to cisplatin eligibility. The outcomes were the costs, Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), and Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS: For cisplatin-ineligible patients, the 10-year ICERs for EV + P were £136,919/QALY in the UK, $751,897/QALY in the US, and ¥1,158,228/QALY in China. For cisplatin-eligible patients, the 10-year ICERs were £125,441/QALY in the UK, $784,553/QALY in the US, and ¥1,096,445/QALY in China. N + GC demonstrated better cost-effectiveness, with 10-year ICERs of £71,202/QALY in the UK, $183,062/QALY in the US, and ¥259,844/QALY in China. Substantial price reductions were required for both therapies to meet willingness-to-pay thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: While EV + P offered significant survival benefits for la/mUC patients as the first-line therapy, its current pricing makes it economically unfeasible in most settings. N + GC was more cost-effective for cisplatin-eligible patients. Policymakers should consider innovative pricing strategies to ensure equitable access to treatments.	bladder
First-line therapies analysis in advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma: prognostic insights in ADCs combined therapy with propensity score analysis and RNA-Seq.	BACKGROUND: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combined with immunotherapy show promise in treating advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (a/mUC). This study assessed the efficacy, safety, and prognostic biomarkers of disitamab vedotin (DV) plus a PD-1 inhibitor compared to other first-line treatments without DV. METHOD: Patients with advanced UC received first-line treatment and were enrolled retrospectively from July 2021 to December 2023 in two cancer centers. Propensity score (PS) matching analysis was used to compare the DV group and the non-DV group. In the DV group, RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes. Further molecular docking and cellular experiments were conducted to validate the findings. RESULT: A total of 97 patients were included. The 1-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 74.4 % and 49.7 %, respectively. PS score and first-line treatment regimen were independent prognostic factors for both OS and PFS. DV combined with a PD-1 inhibitor significantly improved PFS compared to chemotherapy alone, PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy, and PD-1 inhibitor alone. DV combined with a PD-1 inhibitor also led to better OS compared to chemotherapy or PD-1 inhibitor alone, with a trend toward improved OS versus PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy (P = 0.129). After PS matching, Significant differences were also observed between the DV and Non-DV groups in terms of objective response rate (77.5 % vs. 37.5 %), 1-year PFS rate (72 % vs. 22.2 %), and 1-year OS rate (84 % vs. 62 %). Differentially expressed genes were identified between patients in DV group with PFS ≥1 year and PFS <1 year. RNA-Seq analysis highlighted enriched pathways such as cytosolic and metabolic pathways, offering potential insights into DV resistance mechanisms. Then, we conducted PFS and OS analysis on the top 5 DEGs according to Log2FC. Finally, molecular docking, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that CPA2 might be a crucial key gene in DV-based regimen resistance. CONCLUSION: The first-line regimen of DV plus immunotherapy for patients with advanced UC was more effective and safer than the regimen without DV. Additionally, CPA2 might be a crucial key gene correlated with resistance to DV-based regimens.	bladder
Novel anticancer effect of substituted imidazole derivatives against urothelial carcinoma: integrating In vitro screening and molecular docking for target kinases.	Four novel substituted imidazole derivatives-5a (Kim-161), 5b (Kim-111), 5c (Kim-261), and 5d (Kim-231) were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against urothelial carcinoma. Among these, the two derivatives Kim-161 (5a) and Kim-111 (5b) demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against the T24 transitional carcinoma cell line, with IC(50) values of 56.11 µM and 67.29 µM, respectively, as determined by MTT assay. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that these compounds modulate key pathways involved in cancer progression including cell cycle regulation; (p53), oncogenic signaling (Kras), cell apoptosis; (BAX and caspase 3), inflammatory response (Interleukin 6 (IL6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα), and Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB), autophagy regulation (phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling (PIK3CA) and its targets protein kinase Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and metastasis (Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)). Molecular docking and dynamic simulations against key cancer targets PTK6, FLT3, and BCL-2 revealed exceptional binding affinity and stable protein-ligand complexes. Furthermore, these compounds exhibited favorable drug-like properties, including optimal physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles. This integrated approach, combining the in vitro validation and computational modeling, places Kim-161 and Kim-111 as promising lead compounds for targeted urothelial carcinoma therapy. The findings underscore the therapeutic potential of dual kinase/tubulin inhibition in combating aggressive malignancies, offering a robust foundation for further preclinical development.	bladder
Associations of systemic immune-inflammation index, product of platelet, and neutrophil count, with the pathological grade of bladder cancer.	BACKGROUND: Studies have indicated an association between inflammatory factors (IFs) in the blood and the development of bladder cancer (BC). This study aimed to explore the correlation and clinical significance of IFs with the pathological grading of BC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the preoperative blood routine results, postoperative pathological findings, and baseline information of 163 patients. Patients were divided into high-grade and low-grade groups based on pathological grading. Group comparisons and logistic regression analyses were performed using R software version 4.1.3 to explore the relationships between IFs and BC pathological grading. RESULTS: The results indicated that platelet count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, and hypertension (all p < 0.05) were associated with BC pathological grading. The logistic regression model revealed that higher levels of IFs in the blood were associated with a higher probability of high-grade BC tumors (ln-SII, odds ratio [OR]: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.43, 6.38, p = 0.004; ln-PPN, OR: 16.02, 95% CI: 6.37, 47.02, p < 0.001), suggesting a correlation between IFs in the blood and BC pathological grading. Additionally, group comparisons showed that the values of systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and product of platelet and neutrophil count (PPN) were significantly higher in the high-grade BC group than in the low-grade BC group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IFs have predictive value for BC pathological grading, providing a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.	bladder
Explainable and likelihood aware AI framework for MRI-based pixel-level bladder tumour prediction.	Bladder tumours (BTs) pose significant clinical challenges due to their high recurrence rates and risk of progression to invasive malignancies, which emphasises the need for early and accurate detection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its superior soft tissue contrast, is a potential modality for BT detection. To analyse the MRI scans, artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly being leveraged. However, these models are often limited by a scarcity of annotated datasets, challenges in pixel-level tumour prediction, and insufficient transparency in predictions. This study introduces the Explainable and Likelihood-Aware AI (ELAAI) framework, designed to address these limitations. Trained solely on annotated normal bladder MRI scans, ELAAI integrates three novel modules: MFA-Net, a robust multi-scale feature aggregation network for bladder segmentation; a refinement step employing adaptive tolerance technique to enhance segmentation of irregularities; and a single-step likelihood prediction network (SLIP-Net), which is a vision transformer with a novel multi-scale deterministic uncertainty (MSDU) head for tumour likelihood prediction. Rigorous evaluation against state-of-the-art (SOTA) models highlights ELAAI's superior performance, enhancing transparency, and reliability in clinical settings by fostering trust in AI-assisted decision-making.	bladder
Global Disparities and Temporal Trends in Prostate, Bladder, and Kidney Cancer Burden Among Men: A Systematic Analysis of 204 Countries (1990-2021).	IntroductionUrological cancers-primarily prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers-pose a growing global public health challenge, particularly affecting men. While high-income countries have achieved early detection and better treatment outcomes, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to face late diagnoses and healthcare resource limitations.MethodsThis study leveraged Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data to assess trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for the three major urological cancers among men across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. The ASIRs, ASMRs, and DALYs experienced the same age standardization. Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) was used to evaluate temporal trends. Risk attribution was examined using GBD's comparative risk assessment framework and stratified by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) levels. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were based on 1000 posterior simulations.ResultsGlobally, prostate cancer ASIRs showed minimal change (EAPC -0.06), while ASMRs declined significantly (EAPC -1.05). North America had the highest incidence but notable mortality reduction, whereas Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa experienced rising mortality despite lower incidence. Bladder cancer incidence declined worldwide (EAPC -0.35) but increased in Central Europe and Southeast Asia. Kidney cancer ASIRs rose globally (EAPC 0.72), with Mongolia showing the fastest increase (EAPC 16.22). Major risk factors included tobacco use, occupational exposures (eg, trichloroethylene), and metabolic conditions like obesity and hypertension. High SDI regions benefited from early screening and targeted therapies, while LMICs bore a heavier DALYs burden due to late-stage diagnoses and limited care.ConclusionGlobal progress in urological cancer detection and treatment is offset by widening disparities, particularly in LMICs. Addressing these inequities requires policies promoting equitable access to screening, risk factor reduction, and stronger cancer surveillance. Integrated, patient-centered strategies are crucial for achieving cancer control goals and reducing preventable deaths.	bladder