crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Selecting the right treatment: Health outcome priorities in older patients with bladder cancer.	INTRODUCTION: Selecting the appropriate treatment for older patients with non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) or muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is challenging due to smoking-related comorbidities, treatment toxicity, and an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Considering patient preferences prior to treatment is therefore crucial. Here, we aimed to identify the health outcome priorities of older patients with high-risk NMIBC (HR-NMIBC) or MIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged 70 years or older or at risk for frailty, diagnosed with HR-NMIBC or MIBC without distant metastases, were referred for a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). The CGA consisted of an interview, physical examination, and several tests to examine physical, cognitive, functional, and social status. Quality of life was assessed using EQ5D and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires. Health outcome priorities were discussed using the Outcome Prioritization Tool (OPT) and associations between health outcome priorities and CGA-determinants and quality of life were studied. RESULTS: Of 146 patients (14 HR-NMIBC, 132 MIBC), OPT data was available for 139. Life extension was most often prioritized (44%), closely followed by preserving independence (40%). Reducing pain (7%) and other symptoms (9%) were less often prioritized. Patients prioritizing life extension had fewer musculoskeletal problems than patients prioritizing reducing pain or other symptoms (p = 0.02). Patients at risk of or suffering from malnutrition more frequently selected reducing pain or other symptoms as their health outcome priority (p = 0.004). For all other CGA-determinants and quality of life, there were no significant differences between groups based on health outcome priorities. DISCUSSION: In older patients with HR-NMIBC and MIBC, life extension and preserving independence are the most common health outcomes priorities. CGA-determinants and quality of life are generally not associated with the prioritization of health outcomes. As health outcome priorities cannot be predicted by CGA-determinants or quality of life, it is crucial to discuss health outcome priorities with patients to promote shared decision-making.	bladder
A Novel tsRNA, m(7)G-3' tiRNA Lys(TTT), Promotes Bladder Cancer Malignancy Via Regulating ANXA2 Phosphorylation.	Emerging evidence indicates that transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), originated from tRNA with high abundance RNA modifications, play an important role in many complex physiological and pathological processes. However, the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of modified tsRNAs in cancer remain poorly understood. Here, it is screened for and confirmed the presence of a novel m(7)G-modified tsRNA, m(7)G-3'-tiRNA Lys(TTT) (mtiRL), in a variety of chemical carcinogenesis models by combining small RNA sequencing with an m(7)G small RNA-modified chip. Moreover, it is found that mtiRL, catalyzed by the tRNA m(7)G-modifying enzyme mettl1, promotes bladder cancer (BC) malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, mtiRL is found to specifically bind the oncoprotein Annexin A2 (ANXA2) to promote its Tyr24 phosphorylation by enhancing the interactions between ANXA2 and Yes proto-oncogene 1 (Yes1), leading to ANXA2 activation and increased p-ANXA2-Y24 nuclear localization in BC cells. Together, these findings define a critical role for mtiRL and suggest that targeting this novel m(7)G-modified tsRNA can be an efficient way for to treat BC.	bladder
LncRNA BCYRN1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic Marker in Serum Exosomes in Bladder Cancer.	Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy that exhibits silent morbidity and high mortality rates because of a lack of diagnostic markers and limited effective treatments. Here, we evaluated the role of the lncRNA brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 (BCYRN1) in BC. We performed loss-of-function assays to examine the effects of BCYRN1 downregulation in T24 and BOY BC cells. We found that BCYRN1 downregulation significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and three-dimensional spheroid formation ability and induced apoptosis in BC cells. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using RNA sequences from tumor fractions showed that BCYRN1 downregulation decreased the expression of mRNAs associated with the cell cycle. These findings were supported by observations of G(2)/M arrest in flow cytometry assays. Finally, we examined the expression of serum exosomal BCYRN1 as a biomarker. Clinically, BCYRN1 expression in serum exosomes from patients with BC (n = 31) was significantly higher than that in healthy donors (n = 19; mean difference: 4.1-fold higher, p < 0.01). Moreover, in patients who had undergone complete resection of BC, serum exosomal BCYRN1 levels were significantly decreased (n = 8). Thus, serum exosomal BCYRN1 may be a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in patients with BC.	bladder
Digital spatial profiling of the microenvironment of muscle invasive bladder cancer.	Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a molecularly diverse disease with varied clinical outcomes. Molecular studies typically employ bulk sequencing analysis, giving a transcriptomic snapshot of a section of the tumour. However, tumour tissues are not homogeneous, but are composed of distinct compartments such as the tumour and stroma. To investigate the molecular profiles of bladder cancer, whilst also maintaining the spatial complexity of the tumours, we employed whole transcriptome Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP). With this method we generated a dataset of transcriptomic profiles of tumour epithelium, stroma, and immune infiltrate. With these data we investigate the spatial relationship of molecular subtype signatures and ligand signalling events. We find that Basal/Squamous and Classical subtypes are mostly restricted to tumour regions, while the stroma-rich subtype signatures are abundant within the stroma itself. Additionally, we identify ligand signalling events occurring between tumour, stroma, and immune infiltrate regions, such as immune infiltrate derived GPNMB, which was highly correlated with VEGFA expression within the tumour. These findings give us new insights into the diversity of MIBC at a molecular level and provide a dataset with detailed spatial information that was not available before in bladder cancer research.	bladder
Target recycle initiated entropy driven assembly strategy for sensitive, enzyme-free, and portable miRNA detection.	MicroRNA (miRNA) is a pivotal biomarker in the diagnosis of various cancers, including bladder cancer (BCa). Despite their significance, the low abundance of miRNA presents a substantial challenge for sensitive and reliable detection. We introduce an innovative, highly sensitive assay for miRNA expression quantification that is both enzyme-free and portable. This method leverages the synergy of target recycling and entropy-driven assembly (EDA) for enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method possesses several advantages, including i) dual signal amplification through target recycling and EDA, which significantly boosts sensitivity with a lower limit of detection of 2.54 fM; ii) elimination of enzyme requirements, resulting in a cost-effective and stable signal amplification process; and iii) utilization of a personal glucose meter (PGM) for signal recording, rendering the method portable and adaptable to diverse settings. In summary, this PGM-based approach holds promising potential for clinical molecular diagnostics, offering a practical and efficient solution for miRNA analysis in cancer detection.	bladder
Identification of Rare EIF3E::RSPO2 Fusion in Recurrent and Aggressive Urachal Adenocarcinoma.	INTRODUCTION: Urachal cancer (UC) is a rare genitourinary malignancy arising from the urachus, an embryonic remnant of the placental allantois. Its diagnosis remains ambiguous with late-stage cancer detection and represents a highly aggressive disease. Due to its rarity, there is no clear consensus on molecular signatures and appropriate clinical management of UC. CASE REPORT: We report a 45-year-old man with recurrent urachal adenocarcinoma (UA) treated with cystectomies, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The patient initially presented with hematuria and abdominal pain. Imaging revealed a nodular mass arising from the superior wall of the urinary bladder and extending to the urachus. Biopsy results suggested moderately differentiated UA with muscle layer involvement. The tumor recurred after 20 months, following which, another partial cystectomy was performed. Repeat progression was noted indicating highly aggressive disease. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed the presence of EIF3E::RSPO2 fusion, along with BRAF and TP53 mutations, and EGFR gene amplification. This is the first case reporting the presence of this fusion in UA. Palliative medication and radiotherapy were administered to manage the disease. CONCLUSION: Current treatment modality of surgery may be effective in the early stages of recurrent UA; however, a standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimen is yet to be determined for advanced stages. The detection of the rare EIF3E::RSPO2 fusion warrants further studies on the significance of this variant as a possible therapeutic target for improved clinical management.	bladder
p53 and Vimentin Double Immunostaining to Differentiate between High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma Cells and Benign Atypical Cells.	INTRODUCTION: Urine cytology is an indispensable test for detecting high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC); however, the distinction between HGUC cells and morphologically similar benign atypical cells poses clinical challenges. In this study, we performed double immunostaining for p53 and vimentin to establish a diagnostic method to accurately distinguish HGUC cells from benign atypical cells. METHODS: This study included 41 cases of HGUC, 11 of urolithiasis, and 22 of glomerular disease diagnosed histopathologically or clinically. After preparing urine cytology specimens from voided urine samples, p53 immunostaining was performed, and the p53-positive intensity and p53 positivity rate were calculated. Subsequently, vimentin immunostaining was performed on the same specimens to calculate the rate of vimentin positivity. RESULTS: The HGUC cell group had a mean p53-positive intensity of 2.40, a mean p53 positivity rate of 73.2%, and a mean vimentin positivity rate of 5.1%. In contrast, the mean p53-positive intensity, p53 positivity rate, and vimentin positivity rate were 1.63, 36.7%, and 66.2%, respectively, in the benign atypical cell group. There were significant differences between the two groups for each parameter. Moreover, two multiple logistic regression models combining the results of these three parameters exhibited higher sensitivity and specificity than solely assessing the p53-positive intensity, positivity rate, and vimentin positivity rate. CONCLUSION: Since double immunostaining with p53 and vimentin distinguishes HGUC cells from benign atypical cells, it could be to improve the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology.	bladder
CTLA4 genetic variants associated with urothelial bladder cancer susceptibility.	PURPOSE: The study evaluated the relationship between the CTLA4 rs231775 (+49A>G) and rs231779 (+1822C>T) variants and susceptibility, stage, prognosis and response to treatment of the urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients with UBC and 145 controls were enrolled. The patients were stratified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MICB), metastasis, recurrence, low/moderate/high/very high risk. Demographic, anthropometric, epidemiological, and clinical data were obtained from all individuals using a structured questionnaire. The CTLA4 variants were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the genotypes were tested in the allelic, codominant, dominant, recessive, and overdominant genetic models. RESULTS: The UBC patients were older and mostly smokers (P < 0.001), with greater waist circumference, systolic, and diastolic arterial pressure (P = 0.005, P = 0.006, and P < 0.001, respectively) than controls. A protective effect for the UBC was observed among the patients carrying the heterozygote genotypes of the CTLA4 rs231775 [odds ratio (OR = 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.160.98, P = 0.045) and rs231779 (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14-0.87, P = 0.024). R(2) Nagelkerke analysis demonstrated that a model with age and smoking added to the CTLA4 rs231775 SNVs explained 77.0% of the susceptibility to UBC and a model with age and smoking added to the CLTA4 rs231779 explained 77.2% of the susceptibility to UBC. CONCLUSION: The CTLA4 rs231775 AG and rs231779 CT heterozygous genotypes in the overdominant model together with age and smoking may be useful as potential biomarkers for the UBC susceptibility.	bladder
The Value and Safety of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy After Radical Cystectomy in Locally Advanced Urothelial Bladder Cancer: A Controlled Randomized Study.	PURPOSE: Adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) after radical cystectomy in locally advanced bladder cancer was revived after the advancement in precise radiation therapy that decreased the normal pelvic tissue radiation hazards. However, there are still scarce controlled randomized studies addressing this issue. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred thirty-one cystectomized urothelial bladder cancer patients were enrolled; 122 were randomized to receive ART of 50 Gy/25 fractions 4 weeks after cystectomy or cystectomy alone (CY). Sixty-two were included in the ART arm and 60 in the CY arm. Twenty-four ART and 30 CY patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eleven patients (9%) had cotenant neobladder diversion, 6 in ART, and 5 in CY arms. All ART patients were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy with daily verification cone beam computed tomography. The median follow-up was 42.7 months. RESULTS: The 3-year adjusted locoregional recurrence-free survival rate was higher in the ART arm, measuring 81% (95% CI, 69%-94%) compared with 71% (95% CI, 60%-80%; p = .0457). ART significantly improved the locoregional relapse-free rate in the cystectomy bed and the pelvic side wall (p = .016 and p = .001, respectively). The overall, event-free, and distant metastasis-free survival did not rank to the level of statistical significance in the 2 arms. Even though the acute side effects were slightly higher in ART, the late toxicities were almost equal in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: ART is safe and quite tolerable after radical cystectomy when using precise radiation techniques. These techniques significantly improved the locoregional recurrence-free survival but had insignificant improvement on the overall survival. ART did not affect the distant metastasis-free survival. Similar studies are performed in different centers around the world to confirm the value of ART in urothelial bladder cancer.	bladder
Selection of Convolutional Neural Network Model for Bladder Tumor Classification of Cystoscopy Images and Comparison with Humans.	Purpose: An investigation of various convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning algorithms was conducted to select the appropriate artificial intelligence (AI) model for calculating the diagnostic performance of bladder tumor classification on cystoscopy images, with the performance of the selected model to be compared against that of medical students and urologists. Methods: A total of 3,731 cystoscopic images that contained 2,191 tumor images were obtained from 543 bladder tumor cases and 219 normal cases were evaluated. A total of 17 CNN models were trained for tumor classification with various hyperparameters. The diagnostic performance of the selected AI model was compared with the results obtained from urologists and medical students by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve graph and metrics. Results: EfficientNetB0 was selected as the appropriate AI model. In the test results, EfficientNetB0 achieved a balanced accuracy of 81%, sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 74%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 92%. In contrast, human-derived diagnostic statistics for the test data showed an average balanced accuracy of 75%, sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 55%. Specifically, urologists had an average balanced accuracy of 91%, sensitivity of 95%, and specificity of 88%, while medical students had an average balanced accuracy of 69%, sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 44%. Conclusions: Among the various AI models, we suggest that EfficientNetB0 is an appropriate AI classification model for determining the presence of bladder tumors in cystoscopic images. EfficientNetB0 showed the highest performance among several models and showed high accuracy and specificity compared to medical students. This AI technology will be helpful for less experienced urologists or nonurologists in making diagnoses. Image-based deep learning classifies bladder cancer using cystoscopy images and shows promise for generalized applications in biomedical image analysis and clinical decision making.	bladder
Genetically predicted 91 circulating inflammatory proteins in relation to risk of urological malignancies: a Mendelian randomization study.	BACKGROUND: Urological malignancies, including kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer, are major health concerns worldwide. Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these cancers, and circulating inflammatory proteins may play a role in their development. However, the causal relationship between specific plasma proteins and urological malignancies remains unclear. METHODS: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Instrumental variables representing genetic variants associated with circulating inflammatory proteins were used to infer causality on the risk of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer. Four MR methods were utilized to provide robust effect estimates. RESULTS: Our analysis identified several plasma proteins associated with a lower risk of kidney and bladder cancer, including Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, Caspase 8, Natural killer cell receptor 2B4, and Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12. However, after adjusting for multiple testing, these associations did not remain statistically significant. For prostate cancer, CUB domain-containing protein 1 and Interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta were found to be protective, while Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and SIR2-like protein 2 were identified as risk factors. After FDR adjustment, none of the inflammatory proteins were found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that certain plasma proteins may be involved in the development of urological malignancies. Mendelian randomization provides a useful framework for investigating causal relationships between inflammatory proteins and urological cancers, offering potential insights into their underlying biology and therapeutic targets.	bladder
Recurrence of urothelial carcinoma. An unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.	Gastrointestinal metastases of urothelial tumors are rare, implying an advanced stage of the disease and a poor prognosis. We report the case of a patient with a history of urothelial carcinoma in remission who presents with upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to gastric metastases due to tumor recurrence and we review recent literature on this topic.	bladder
Circ_0000758 Facilitates Bladder Cancer Cell Growth, Migration and Angiogenesis Via Severing as miR-1236-3p Sponge.	Circular RNA (circRNA) has been reported to regulate the development of bladder cancer (BCa). However, the role of circ_0000758 in BCa progression is unknown. Circ_0000758 and miR-1236-3p expression, as well as ZEB2 mRNA expression were determined by qRT-PCR. BCa cell biological functions were determined by MTT assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and tube formation assay. Protein expression was detected by western blot analysis. RNA pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm RNA interaction. Xenograft mice models were constructed to assess the effect of circ_0000758 on BCa tumor growth. Circ_0000758 had increased expression in BCa tissues and cells. Circ_0000758 silencing could inhibit BCa cell growth, migration, angiogenesis in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0000758 served as a molecular sponge for miR-1236-3p, and miR-1236-3p inhibitor reversed circ_0000758 knockdown-mediated the inhibition effect on BCa cell progression. ZEB2 was targeted by miR-1236-3p, and its overexpression also revoked the suppressive effect of miR-1236-3p on BCa cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Besides, circ_0000758 knockdown also restrained BCa tumor growth. Circ_0000758 might promote BCa cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis by regulating the miR-1236-3p/ZEB2 axis.	bladder
Comparison of the overall survival of different treatment methods in patients with Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A retrospective study.	OBJECTIVES: Bladder-Sparing Approach was presented in patients who are not willing or not suitable for Radical Cystectomy (RC). There have been inconsistencies in the literature regarding the comparison of survival rates of these two methods. Our objective is to evaluate the survival rate of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing different treatment methods. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: A secondary care, multicenter study in Kerman, Iran 2008 to 2016. PARTICIPANTS: All 200 patients who were diagnosed with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and were admitted to our hospitals. Patients with inaccessible medical files and patients with pathologies other than TCC were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Radical cystectomy and different methods of bladder preservation were compared based on their survival rate. INTERVENTIONS: Radical cystectomy or bladder preservation. RESULTS: Overall survival of the patients was 2 years [95% CI: 1.37-2.63]. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with MIBC was 32%. Having a 6.4 years overall survival, the RC group showed the highest survival compared with others (p = 0.01); the overall survival of patients undergoing TMT, TURT, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy monotherapy was 3.15 years [95% CI: 2.242-4.061], 4.06 [95% CI: 3.207-4.931], 2.58 [95% CI: 1.767-3.399], and 3.14 [95% CI: 1.614-4.672] years, respectively. Patients younger than 65 undergoing RC had an overall survival of 7 years, compared with 2 years for the TMT group. (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The Bladder-Preservation method, as a replacement for RC, showed a lower overall survival rate in our study. A prospective randomized clinical trial may declare the best treatment.	bladder