crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
FAM107A as a Tumor Suppressor in Bladder Cancer Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion.	OBJECTIVE: Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in urinary system. Recently, the function of family with sequence similarity 107 member A (FAM107A) has been reported in several carcinomas. This study aimed to reveal the potential role of FAM107A in bladder cancer. METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to assess the expression level of FAM107A in BC tissues and adjacent tumor-free bladder tissues. The results were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry staining in BC tissues and adjacent tumor-free bladder tissues as well as BC cell lines. In addition, plasmid was constructed to increase FAM107A protein level in BC cell lines. The effect of FM107A on cell growth, cell migration and invasion were analyzed by CCK8 assay, wound healing assay and transwell-invasion assay. RESULTS: The data showed that FAM107A was remarkably down-regulated in bladder cancer tissues and bladder cancer cell lines. Besides, low FAM107A expression was associated with high tumor grade of patients with bladder cancer. Moreover, the restoration of FAM107A remarkably suppressed the cell growth, migration, and invasion of BC cells. CONCLUSION: In summary, FAM107A might serve as a tumor suppressor which inhibits BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study suggests that FAM107A can be a candidate new diagnostic marker and possible therapeutic target gene of bladder cancer.	bladder
Biological distinction between grades 2 and 3 with respect to intravesical recurrence in T1 high-grade bladder tumors: a retrospective study.	BACKGROUND: The pathological grading system for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is based on the WHO 2004/2016 classification system (low-grade: LG/high-grade: HG) and the WHO 1973 classification system (Grade 1: G1/Grade 2: G2/Grade 3: G3). Recently, the usefulness of combining both systems and classifying the tumors as LG/G1, LG/G2, HG/G2, and HG/G3 has been demonstrated. In this study, we compared the prognosis of intravesical recurrence in relation to different treatment intensities between HG/G2 and HG/G3 bladder cancers. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and therapeutic outcomes of 145 patients diagnosed with T1 HG bladder cancer between 2000 and 2020. We classified 145 patients into three groups: (1) patients with T1 HG/G2 and HG/G3 who received intravesical instillation therapy (n = 76), (2) patients with T1 HG/G2 who did not receive intravesical instillation therapy (n = 32), and (3) patients with T1 HG/G3 who did not receive intravesical instillation therapy (n = 37). RESULTS: The median intravesical recurrence-free survival for all patients was 34.2 months. The number of tumors, the presence of intravesical instillation therapy, and tumor grade were significant prognostic factors for intravesical recurrence in all cases. Groups 2 and 3 showed significantly worse prognosis than group 1 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding intravesical recurrence, intravesical instillation therapy is necessary for both T1 HG/G3 and T1 HG/G2 bladder cancers.	bladder
Tea consumption and risk of bladder cancer in the Bladder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) Study: Pooled analysis of 12 international cohort studies.	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Tea has been shown to be associated with reduced risk of several diseases including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. However, the results on the relationship between tea consumption and bladder cancer are conflicting. This research aimed to assess the association between tea consumption and risk of bladder cancer using a pooled analysis of prospective cohort data. METHODS: Individual data from 532,949 participants in 12 cohort studies, were pooled for analyses. Cox regression models stratified by study centre was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% CIs. Fractional polynomial regression models were used to examine the dose-response relationship. RESULTS: A higher level of tea consumption was associated with lower risk of bladder cancer incidence (compared with no tea consumption: HR = 0.87, 95% C.I. = 0.77-0.98 for low consumption; HR = 0.86, 95% C.I. = 0.77-0.96 for moderate consumption; HR = 0.84, 95% C.I. = 0.75-0.95 for high consumption). When stratified by sex and smoking status, this reduced risk was statistically significant among men and current and former smokers. In addition, dose-response analyses showed a lower bladder cancer risk with increment of 100 ml of tea consumption per day (HR-increment = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.96-0.98). A similar inverse association was found among males, current and former smokers while never smokers and females showed non-significant results, suggesting potential sex-dependent effect. CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of tea is associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer with potential interaction with sex and smoking status. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms for a protective effect of tea (e.g. inhibition of the survival and proliferation of cancer cells and anti-inflammatory mechanisms) and its interaction with smoking and sex.	bladder
Urothelial carcinoma with tonsillar metastasis in a dog.	Given its unusual lymphatic drainage system, the tonsil is a rare site of metastasis, with few reports in the human and veterinary literature. Prognosis in cases of tonsillar metastasis is reportedly poor. We describe here a unique case of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) with metastasis to the tonsil in an 11-y-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog. At presentation, the patient had a history of a growing neck mass and increasing lethargy, hyporexia, weight loss, drooling, and diarrhea for 2 wk. A carcinoma was diagnosed by cytology. Given the poor prognosis, the patient was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed masses in the inguinal region, cranioventral neck region including tonsil, and urinary bladder. Histologically, the masses were composed of large polyhedral cells arranged in dense sheets and nests with occasional large, clear, intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Neoplastic cells were multifocally positive for uroplakin III and cytokeratin 8/18 by immunohistochemistry. UC with metastasis to tonsil and lymph nodes was diagnosed.	bladder
Age of menarche and primary bladder cancer risk: A meta-analysis and systematic review.	INTRODUCTION: The incidence and outcomes of bladder cancer (BCa) have apparent sex differences. Various observational studies have demonstrated that the age of menarche might be associated with female BCa. To explore this relationship, a meta-analysis and systematic review were performed based on available studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published up to October 1, 2021. Two reviewers independently extracted related data between age of menarche and BCa risk from the included studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies. The relative risk (RR) ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were then calculated. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies containing 3,719 BCa cases and 1,350,207 women, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled data showed that the age of menarche was not significantly associated with BCa risk (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.85-1.08), although the evidence was of moderate quality. Similar results were observed in case-control (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.77-2.21) and cohort studies (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.84-1.07). Moreover, subgroup analyses based on study quality, population, exposure assessment, and several potential important confounders and risk factors revealed similar results. No evidence of publication bias and significant heterogeneity was found among these studies. Furthermore, a random-effects dose-response meta-regression model was established, which revealed negative results. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that the age of menarche was not associated with BCa risk in women. However, these findings needed to be further confirmed given the limitations and potential biases.	bladder
Eosinophilic cystitis complicated with cystitis glandularis: a case report.	BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by the gathering and infiltration of numerous eosinophilia (EOS) in the bladder wall. Because of Few cases of EC have been reported globally, the epidemiology of EC is not well known. We report herein the details of one very scarce case of large tumor-like eosinophilic cystitis complicated with cystitis glandularis (CG) diagnosed by biopsy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old Chinese man was referred to our hospital for the treatment of right lumbago and odynuria. Ultrasound examination indicated the low echo on the right portion wall and the neck of the bladder. Computed tomography showed a remarkable enhancing large mass that measured 5.0 cm × 2.3 cm located on the right portion of the bladder with undefined margin. For further treatment, diagnostic transurethral resection of the bladder was performed, the postoperative histopathological diagnosis was EC complicated with CG. After transurethral resection, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, and antihistamines were treated. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 8 without evidence of recurrence followed-up for 6 months. CONCLUSION: Large tumor-like eosinophilic cystitis complicated with cystitis glandularis is rare, malignant tumors need to be ruled out. We deem that prompt biopsy led to the exact diagnosis, appropriate treatment led to better prognosis.	bladder
Hsa_circRNA_0088036 acts as a ceRNA to promote bladder cancer progression by sponging miR-140-3p.	Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play vital roles in cancer biology. However, the potential role of hsa_circRNA_0088036 in bladder cancer (BCa) remains unknown. Hsa_circRNA_0088036 was identified by microarray analysis and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional assays were conducted to confirm the effects of hsa_circRNA_0088036 on the growth, migration, invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastasis of BCa cells. The luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull down assay were performed to investigate the interactions between hsa_circRNA_0088036, miR-140-3p, and forkhead box protein Q1 (FOXQ1). Upregulated expression of hsa_circRNA_0088036 in BCa tissues and cell lines was positively correlated with overall survival and clinicopathologic characteristics. Knockdown of hsa_circRNA_0088036 inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of BCa cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, hsa_circRNA_0088036 could directly interact with miR-140-3p and act as a miRNA sponge to modulate FOXQ1 expression. Knockdown of hsa_circRNA_0088036 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of BCa cells via miR-140-3p/FOXQ1 signaling, suggesting that hsa_circRNA_0088036 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for BCa.	bladder
The circular RNA circFARSA sponges microRNA-330-5p in tumor cells with bladder cancer phenotype.	BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) modulate gene expression in various malignancies. However, their roles in the occurrence of bladder cancer (BC) and their underlying mechanisms of action are currently unclear. METHODS: We measured levels of the circRNA phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase subunit alpha (circFARSA) and target microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in BC tissues and cell lines using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. The functions of circFARSA in tumor formation were examined in mice with BC xenografts in vivo and in BC cells via determination of their proliferation, activity, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion in vitro using cell counting kit-8 assays, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, Transwell assays, and cell wound healing assays. Interactions between miR-330 and circFARSA were predicted and confirmed by bioinformatic processing and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, respectively. Expression profiles of miR-330 targets in BC cells were assessed via western blotting. RESULTS: circFARSA expression was markedly upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines compared with that in normal bladder samples. Silencing circFARSA expression decreased BC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration but induced their apoptosis in vitro. Downregulating circFARSA expression slowed tumor growth in vivo and directly sponged miR-330 and inhibited its function in BC cells in vitro. Inhibiting miR-330 expression abolished the regulatory effects of circFARSA silencing on the tumor phenotypes of BC cells. CONCLUSIONS: circFARSA expression is upregulated and exerts oncogenic functions in BC by sponging miR-330.	bladder
The prognostic value of urinary cytology after trimodal therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.	BACKGROUND: Urine cytology and cystoscopy are routinely employed during follow-up of patients after trimodal therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The significance of positive or equivocal cytology without visible disease recurrence on cystoscopy during follow-up is unknown, and studies informing outcomes in this scenario are lacking. This study aims to investigate the temporal trends of positive/equivocal cytology in the absence of visible disease recurrence and the association with bladder cancer recurrence and survival outcomes. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-nine patients with available post-TMT cytology data and negative cystoscopy from a single academic institution between 2002 and 2017 with a median follow-up of 3.4 (range 0.1-14.2) years were analyzed. Cytology results, first post-TMT cytology positive/equivocal (CP) and negative (CN), were evaluated for association with disease recurrence and survival. Kaplan. Meier and competing risks methods were used to assess time-to-negative cytology in CP patients with ≥2 interval post-TMT cytology results (n = 33), time-to-recurrence, and disease-specific mortality (DSM) stratified by first post-TMT cytology result. RESULTS: At first follow-up (6-8 weeks post-TMT completion), CP was observed in 41 (32%) and CN in 88 (68%) of patients. With further follow-up of CP patients with ≥2 interval post-TMT cytology results, the probability of developing negative cytology was 57% (95% CI 42, 77) at 6 months post-TMT, and the median time-to-negative cytology was 3.2 months (95% CI 2.99, 5.80). The median time-to-recurrence was reduced in CP patients compared to CN (24.3 vs. 78.1 months, p = 0.1), corresponding with an apparent increase in the cumulative incidence of recurrence rate at 3 years in the CP vs. CN group (62% vs. 42%, p = 0.1). No significant difference was observed in the 3-year DSM rates. On univariable analysis, the hazards of recurrence and DSM for patients with CP were 1.5 (95% CI 0.9, 2.5, p = 0.1) and 2.1 (95% CI 0.9, 4.7, p = 0.07) respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate the significance of a positive/equivocal cytology without visible disease following TMT for MIBC. Positive cytology is common and does not preclude subsequent negative cytology supporting a watchful waiting approach rather than proceeding immediately to biopsy. However, cytology that remains positive at subsequent follow-up may be associated with adverse recurrence and survival outcomes.	bladder
Fatty Acid Synthase Is the Key Regulator of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Is Related to Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.	Fatty acid metabolism (FAM) genes are potentially useful for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer (BC). To examine this, we constructed a prognostic model and identified key FAM genes in BC. Using transcriptional expression profiles and clinical data of BC patients from public datasets and Changhai (CH) hospital, we built and validated a risk-score model based on 13 prognostic FAM genes. Differential gene expression identified fatty acid synthase (FASN) as central to fatty acid metabolism in BC. FASN was differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissue, and was related to survival. In the CH dataset, FASN independently predicted muscle-invasive BC. FASN differential expression was significantly related to immune-cell infiltration and patients with low FASN expression responded better to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. SREBF1 was predicted as the most significant transcription factor for FASN. Competing endogenous RNA network analysis suggested that lncRNA AC107027.3 may upregulate FASN by competitively binding miR-27A-3p, thereby regulating the immunotherapy response in BC. Dasatinib and temsirolimus are potential FASN-targeting drugs. Our model efficiently predicted prognosis in BC. FASN is central to fatty acid metabolism, and a potential indicator and regulator of ICI treatment.	bladder
Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in cancer: A tissue microarray study on 15,424 cancers.	Combined analysis of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is often used for assessing the origin of metastatic cancer. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of CK7 and CK20, tissue microarrays containing 15,424 samples from 120 different tumor types and subtypes and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. CK7 positivity was seen in 52% (8.7% weak, 5.9% moderate, 37% strong) and CK20 positivity in 23% (5.1% weak, 3.4% moderate, 15% strong) of interpretable tumors. Of 8390 positive tumors, 1181 (14%) showed positivity for CK7 and CK20, 5380 (64%) showed positivity for CK7 alone, and 1829 (22%) showed positivity for CK20 alone. CK20 predominated in gastrointestinal tract, urothelial and Merkel cell carcinomas. CK7 was usually negative in prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. Combined evaluation of CK7/CK20 revealed the best diagnostic utility in CK20 positive tumors, where CK7 negativity is often linked to colorectal origin while CK7 positivity argues for urothelial origin or mucinous ovarian cancer. Associations with unfavorable tumor features were found for cytokeratin 7 loss in breast cancer of no special type, urothelial and renal cell carcinomas, for CK7 overexpression in high-grade serous ovarian and gastric cancer, and for CK20 overexpression in urothelial carcinoma. CK20 loss was linked to MSI in gastric (p = 0.0291) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (p < 0.0001). These analyses provide comprehensive data on the frequency of CK7 and CK20 immunostaining - alone or in combination - in human cancers. These data facilitate interpretation of CK7/CK20 immunostaining in cancers.	bladder
Lipid bilayer composition as a determinant of cancer cell sensitivity to tumoricidal protein-lipid complexes.	"Complexes formed by the alpha1 N-terminal peptide of alpha-lactalbumin and oleic acid (alpha1-oleate) interact with lipid bilayers. Plasma membrane perturbations trigger tumor cell death but normal differentiated cells are more resistant, and their plasma membranes are less strongly affected. This study examined membrane lipid composition as a determinant of tumor cell reactivity. Bladder cancer tissue showed a higher abundance of unsaturated lipids enriched in phosphatidylcholine, PC (36:4) and PC (38:4), and sphingomyelin, SM (36:1) than healthy bladder tissue, where saturated lipids predominated and the lipid extracts from bladder cancer tissue inhibited the tumoricidal effect of the complex more effectively than healthy tissue extracts. Furthermore, unsaturated PC in solution inhibited tumor cell death, and the complex interacted with giant unilamellar vesicles formed by PC, confirming the affinity of alpha1-oleate for fluid membranes enriched in PC. Quartz Crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) detected a preference of the complex for the liquid-disordered phase, suggesting that the insertion into PC-based membranes and the resulting membrane perturbations are influenced by membrane lipid saturation. The results suggest that the membrane lipid composition is functionally important and that specific unsaturated membrane lipids may serve as ""recognition motifs"" for broad-spectrum tumoricidal molecules such as alpha1-oleate."	bladder
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) mutations in high-grade muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer in a Brazilian population: evaluation and prevalence.	OBJECTIVE: To understand the feasibility of FGFR3 tests in the Brazilian public health context, and to sample the mutational burden of this receptor in high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer. METHODS: A total of 31 patients with high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer were included in the present study. Either transurethral resection of bladder tumor or radical cystectomy specimens were analyzed. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were sectioned, hematoxylin and eosin stained, and histologic sections were reviewed. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy DSP formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kit. Qualitative results were displayed in Rotor-Gene AssayManager software. RESULTS: Six patients were excluded. From the samples analyzed, four (16.7%) were considered inadequate and could not have their RNA extracted. Two patients presented FGFR3 mutations, accounting for 9.5% of material available for adequate analysis. The two mutations detected included a Y373C mutation in a male patient and a S249C mutation in a female patient. CONCLUSION: FGFR3 mutations could be analyzed in 84% of our cohort and occurred in 9.5% of patients with high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer in this Brazilian population. FGFR3 gene mutations are targets for therapeutic drugs in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. For this reason, know the frequency of these mutations can have a significant impact on public health policies and costs provisioning.	bladder
Metastasis Within Three Years from Radical Nephroureterectomy as a Potential Surrogate for Overall Survival.	INTRODUCTION: The only phase III trial that evaluated the role of adjuvant chemotherapy following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) was terminated early. Thus, eventual overall survival (OS) surrogacy, as per Prentice, cannot be assessed in this setting. We aimed to identify an intermediate clinical endpoint (ICE) that could serve as an OS surrogate after RNU for UTUC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 823 high-grade UTUC patients treated with RNU at 8 tertiary referral centers. We explored the role of any recurrence (aR), defined as recurrence in the urinary tract or in the resection bed as well the presence of distant metastasis (DM), defined as metastatic disease outside the urinary tract and regional lymph nodes, on OS through a time-varying Cox regression analyses fitted at the landmark points of 1, 2, 3, and 4 years from RNU. Models' discrimination was assessed using Harrell's c index, after internal validation. RESULTS: Median follow-up for survivors was 5.6 years (interquartile range: 2.0-8.8). Overall, 391 and 212 patients experienced aR and DM, respectively. In a time-varying model, aR and DM were predictors of OS: hazard ratio [HR]:1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.28 (P < .001) and HR:1.26, 95% CI: 1.18-1.34 (P < .001), respectively. Progression to DM within 3 years from RNU was the most informative ICE for predicting OS (c index: 0.81; HR: 4.40; 95%CI: 2.45-7.92; P < .001), compared to DM within 1, 2, and 4 years (c indexes: 0.74, 0.76, and 0.78, respectively). Progression to DM within 3 years from RNU was further found superior for predicting OS compared to aR at any landmark points. CONCLUSIONS: Progression to DM within 3 years represents a potential OS surrogate for surgically-treated UTUC. This information could help in patient counseling, future study design and expedite results release of ongoing randomized controlled trials.	bladder