crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
[The W-shaped ileal neobladder: Long term functional outcomes and health-related quality of life].	PURPOSE: To evaluate functional outcomes and patients' health-related quality of life over ten years after a W-shaped ileal neobladder urinary diversion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1994 to 2004, 87 patients with bladder cancer underwent a cystoprostatectomy with a W-shaped ileal neobladder. Among them, 31 patients (35.6%) were evaluated. The average follow-up was 158months, average age was 72years. We assessed functional outcomes (use of protections, USP score, uroflowmetry, postvoid residual volume), overall health-related quality of life (SF-36 score), and specific urinary-related quality of life (Ditrovie scale). RESULTS: Daytime continence was satisfactory in 29 patients (96.8%). Night-time continence was satisfactory in 27 patients (87.1%). Mean daytime continence, hyperactivity and dysuria scores of the USP were respectively 1.5/9, 3.2/21 and 2/9. Mean value of the maximum flow rate was 18mL/s for an average voiding volume of 324mL and an average postvoid residual volume of 70mL. The 8 dimensions of the SF-36 were all comparable with the French population's values. According to the Ditrovie scale whose average value was 1.83, the health-related quality of life was unchanged or little changed by urinary disorders in 28 patients (90.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that voiding status and health-related quality of life remain satisfactory over ten years after an orthotopic ileal neobladder derivation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.	bladder
Lymphovascular invasion is associated with oncologic outcomes following radical cystectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) with oncologic outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder following radical cystectomy (RC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,280 patients who underwent RC for invasive bladder cancer between 1997 and 2003 in Mansoura, Egypt. Only patients with pure urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) or SCC pathology were included. Using multivariate Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses, prognostic significance of LVI in disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival was evaluated for patients with UCB and SCC. RESULTS: Our cohort included 519 (59%) patients with UCB and 360 (41%) with SCC. Median patient age and follow-up were 55 years (20-87) and 64 months (0-128), respectively. Median number of lymph nodes (LN) retrieved was 19 (4-70). LVI was present in 288 (32.8%) patients (241 [46.4%] UCB vs. 47 [13.1%] SCC; P<0.001). LVI was an independent predictor of oncologic outcomes in both UCB and SCC groups; however, LVI had more prognostic significance in SCC. LN negative, LVI positive (LVI+/LN-) patients with SCC had higher risk of recurrence and cancer-specific mortality compared to LN positive, LVI negative (LVI-/LN+) patients with SCC (hazard ratio = 2.8 vs. 1.9 and hazard ratio = 3.6 vs. 2.2, respectively). CONCLUSION: The presence of LVI is an independent predictor of poor oncologic outcomes after RC and had greater prognostic significance in patients with SCC compared to UCB.	bladder
Association of nineteen polymorphisms from seven DNA repair genes and the risk for bladder cancer in Gansu province of China.	BACKGROUND: Balance of DNA damage and proper repair plays an important role in progression of bladder cancer. Here we aimed to assess the associations of nineteen polymorphisms from seven DNA repair-associated genes (PRAP1, OGG1, APEX1, MUTYH, XRCC1, XRCC2 and XRCC3) with bladder cancer and their interactions in the disease in a Han Chinese population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A chip-based TaqMan genotyping for the candidate genes was performed on 227 bladder cancer patients and 260 healthy controls. APEX1 rs3136817, MUTYH rs3219493, three SNPs (rs3213356, rs25487 and rs1799782) in XRCC1, and three SNPs (rs1799794, rs861531 and rs861530) in XRCC3 showed significant associations with the risk of bladder cancer. In haplotype analysis, elevated risks of bladder cancer were observed in those with either haplotype GT (OR = 1.56, P = 0.003) of APEX1, or GGGTC (OR = 2.05, P = 0.002) of XRCC1, whereas decreased risks were in individuals with either GCGCC (OR = 0.40, P = 0.001), or GCGTT (OR = 0.60, = 0.005) of XRCC1, or CCC (OR = 0.65, P = 0.004) of MUTYH, or TTTAT (OR = 0.36, P = 0.009) of XRCC3. Interaction analysis showed that the two-loci model (rs1799794 and rs861530) was the best with the maximal testing accuracy of 0.701, and the maximal 100% cross-validation consistency (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms and haplotypes of DNA repair genes are associated with the risk of bladder cancer, and of which the SNPs (rs1799794 and rs861530) in XRCC3 gene might be two major loci in relation to the susceptibility to bladder cancer in a northwest Chinese population.	bladder
Unique Case Report of Pineal Gland Metastasis From Bladder Carcinoma.	Pineal metastasis is uncommon and most metastatic pineal lesions are asymptomatic. To our knowledge the herein reported case is the first in which the pineal gland was confirmed as the metastatic site of a bladder carcinoma.The patient reported in this case is a 59-year-old man who suffered from headache and delirium for 4 days after surgical treatment for removal of a bladder carcinoma 1 year ago. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a solid tumor involving the pineal gland with significant enhancement.The patient underwent surgical treatment for removal of the neoplastic lesion in the pineal gland. Histopathological examination confirmed invasion of the pineal gland by metastatic urothelial carcinoma.This case highlighted that the presence of pineal lesions in patient with known malignancy should raise suspicion of metastatic involvement.	bladder
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and the Risk of Prostate Cancer and Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.	Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been suggested to be a risk factor for certain urologic cancers, but the current evidence is inconsistent.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between BPH and urologic cancers.MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for potential eligible studies.We included case-control studies or cohort studies, which evaluated the association between BPH and urologic cancers (including prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, testicular cancer, or penile cancer).Overall effect estimates were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird method for a random-effects model. Summary effect-size was calculated as risk ratio (RR), together with the 95% confidence interval (CI).This systematic review included 16 case-control studies and 10 cohort studies evaluating the association of BPH and prostate or bladder cancer; we did not identify any study about other urologic cancers. Meta-analyses demonstrated that BPH was associated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer (case-control study: RR = 3.93, 95% CI = 2.18-7.08; cohort-study: RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.00-1.99) and bladder cancer (case-control study: RR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.63-3.84; cohort-study: RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.28-1.95). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity suggested that the association between BPH and prostate cancer was much stronger in Asians (RR = 6.09, 95% CI = 2.96-12.54) than in Caucasians (RR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.19-2.01). Egger's tests indicated low risk of publication bias (prostate cancer: P = 0.11; bladder cancer: P = 0.95).BPH is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and bladder cancer. The risk of prostate cancer is particularly high in Asian BPH patients. Given the limitations of included studies, additional prospective studies with strict design are needed to confirm our findings.	bladder
JNK2 downregulation promotes tumorigenesis and chemoresistance by decreasing p53 stability in bladder cancer.	Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system, and the 5-year survival rate remains low. A comprehensive understanding of the carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer is urgently needed to advance treatment. c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2 (JNK2) exhibits both tumor promoter and tumor suppressor actions, depending on tumor type. Here, we analyzed the JNK2 function in bladder cancer. Using gene expression microarrays, we demonstrated that JNK2 mRNA is downregulated in an orthotopic rat model of bladder cancer. JNK2 protein levels were lower in rat and human bladder cancer tissues than in normal tissues, and the levels correlated with those of p53. Moreover, JNK2 phosphorylated p53 at Thr-81, thus protecting p53 from MDM2-induced proteasome degradation. Decreased expression of JNK2 in T24 cells conferred resistance to cell death induced by mitomycin C. Furthermore, lower JNK2 expression was associated with poorer overall survival among patients who underwent radical cystectomy. These results indicate that JNK2 acts as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer, and that decreased JNK2 expression promotes bladder cancer tumorigenesis.	bladder
Radiation therapy outcomes in muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer: A single institution experience.	INTRODUCTION: To audit the survival outcomes and loco-regional control in muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2008 through December 2011, 50 consecutively diagnosed muscle invasive urinary bladder carcinoma (T2-4a N0-2, M0) patients were included in this retrospective study. All these patients received external beam RT to a median dose of 60 Gy (range 30-66 Gy), and were not suitable for radical surgery due to patients' preference or medical comorbidities. A stepwise procedure using proportional hazard regression was used to identify prognostic factors with respect to survival. RESULTS: Completion trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor was done in 38 (76%) patients of the cohort and 47 (94%) had transitional cell carcinoma on histopathology. Clinical stage T2 was diagnosed in 40 (80%) patients. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 14 ± 8.9 months (range 1-36 months). In conclusion, 24 patients (48%) were free of disease, 5 patients (10%) had residual disease, and 13 patients (26%) had died of disease. Two-year and 3 year overall survival of intact bladder for the entire cohort was 58% and 43.6%, respectively. Cox regression modeling strongly suggested clinical stage (P = 0.01) and RT dose (P = 0.001) as being predictors for overall survival. CONCLUSION: RT shows reliable outcomes and excellent compliance in this advanced disease. Prescribing a higher RT dose could potentially correlate to better intact bladder control rates while maintaining good quality of life in selected patients.	bladder
Monitoring and malignancy concerns in patients with congenital bladder anomalies.	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There are concerns that patients with congenital bladder anomalies (CBA) may be at higher risk for developing bladder malignancy later in life. To date there is no consensus on how to monitor these patients to prevent this devastating malignancy. We will review the current understanding of bladder malignancy in patients with CBA and the status of surveillance tests. RECENT FINDINGS: Initial reports observed that augmentation cystoplasty in CBA may be an independent risk factor for bladder malignancy. Since that time, studies have identified that the augmented bladder may not be the culprit, but the congenital bladder itself may be at risk. Further, reports determined cystoscopy and cytology are not cost-effective at detecting these malignancies. Bladder cancer in these patients at presentation is typically aggressive and presents at a younger age, high stage with high mortality. SUMMARY: Surveillance cystoscopy and cytology of the adult congenital bladder should be discontinued as the evidence shows they are not effective, given the low incidence, high cost, and inability to alter the course of disease. Symptomatic patients should prompt a detailed evaluation for bladder cancer using standard testing.	bladder
Pioglitazone (Actos) and bladder cancer: Legal system triumphs over the evidence.	In preclinical studies, pioglitazone was associated with bladder cancer in male rats (but not in female rats, mice dogs or monkeys). Because of this association, the Federal Drug Administration requested a large 10year epidemiological study to evaluate whether there was an association between bladder cancer and exposure to pioglitazone in patients. A 5-year interim report published in 2011 showed no significant association between ever vs never exposure to the drug but a significant association in patients exposed to pioglitazone for >2years. Importantly, the final 10year report did not confirm the 5year interim report finding no association between bladder cancer and pioglitazone, even after >4years of exposure to the drug. However, as would be expected, following the 5-year interim report, many epidemiological studies were carried out and civil litigation lawsuits began to be filed. Of the 23 epidemiological studies that have been published to date, 18 showed no association between bladder cancer and pioglitazone (5 with a combination of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone). Of the five that did show a significant association with pioglitazone, three could not be confirmed in the same population and in one of them there were significantly more risk factors for bladder cancer in the patients exposed to pioglitazone. In the fourth one, a significant association became non-significant when patients >79years were included. In the fifth one, detection bias was a major flaw. Currently, >11,000 legal cases have been filed, many of which claim emotional distress due to the fear of bladder cancer. To limit their legal costs, the pharmaceutical company has established a 2.4 billion dollar settlement pool. So much for evidence-based medicine.	bladder
Discovery of urine biomarkers for bladder cancer via global metabolomics.	"Bladder cancer (BC) is latent in its early stage and lethal in its late stage. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are essential for successful BC treatment. Considering the limitations of current diagnostic tools, noninvasive biomarkers that are both highly sensitive and specific are needed to improve the overall survival and quality of life of patients. With the advent of systems biology, ""-omics"" technologies have been developed over the past few decades. As a promising member, global metabolomics has increasingly been found to have clear potential for biomarker discovery. However, urinary metabolomics studies related to BC have lagged behind those of other urinary cancers, and major findings have not been systematically reported. The objective of this review is to comprehensively list the currently identified potential urinary metabolite biomarkers for BC."	bladder
Thyroid metastasis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.	The thyroid gland is a rare site for cancer metastasis. We report a 75-year-old man who was referred with a history of hematuria and generalized bone pain for the past few months. He had a past history of partial left lobe thyroidectomy for follicular adenoma. Subsequently he was referred for a thyroid mass and a subtotal thyroidectomy showed a poorly-differentiated carcinoma. On the latest admission, the patient underwent resection of a bladder tumour with malignant histology and an immunohistochemical profile of CK7+/CK20+/34 Beta E12+/CEA-/PSA-. Re-examination of thyroid sections with immunohistochemical stains revealed the malignant cells to be CK7+/CK20+/34 Beta E12+/CEA-/TTF1-. The findings were compatible with metastasis of the bladder transitional cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland.Scans revealed multiple liver and bone metastases. The patient died 2 months after the diagnosis.	bladder
Low awareness of risk factors among bladder cancer survivors: New evidence and a literature overview.	BACKGROUND: Data on urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients' perceptions about causes of bladder cancer is limited, while this may be important knowledge for health prevention and education. We evaluated self-reported perceptions and beliefs about the causes of bladder cancer among UBC survivors in the Netherlands. METHODS: UBC survivors identified through the Netherlands Cancer Registry from 2007 to 2012 were invited to participate. Patients who consented were asked to fill out a questionnaire, including questions on lifestyle characteristics, occupational and medical history, and family history of cancer. The final question was 'You have been diagnosed with bladder cancer. Do you have any idea what may have been the cause of your cancer?'. RESULTS: Of the 1793 UBC survivors included, 366 (20%) reported a possible cause for their bladder cancer. The most frequently reported suspected causes were smoking (10%), occupational exposure (5%), and heredity (2%). Smoking, occupational exposure and heredity were mentioned only slightly more frequently by participants with these risk factors (11%, 8%, and 5%, respectively) compared to the total population. CONCLUSIONS: Most UBC survivors did not suspect any cause that might have contributed to the development of their cancer. Even among participants with established risk factors for bladder cancer, these risk factors were not commonly perceived. This finding probably reflects the superficial knowledge of risk factors for bladder cancer in the population and highlights the importance of effective education on cancer prevention.	bladder
Systemic Therapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer: The Value Proposition.	Neoadjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy followed by definitive local treatment should be the treatment of choice for otherwise healthy and robust patients with T2b–T4 invasive bladder cancer.	bladder
Cytopathological features of villous adenoma of the urinary bladder in urine: A rare case report.	Villous adenoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor that histologically mimics its enteric counterpart. Patients with an isolated villous adenoma have an excellent prognosis, but associated adenocarcinomas can frequently be identified in them as well. There is no literature that discusses the cytopathologic features of villous adenoma. Here we report a case which was diagnosed as villous adenoma histologically, which has been followed up with urine cytology. In urine cytology, many mucin producing cells are recognized. Few cell clusters show glandular formation or arrangement along the basement membrane. When glandular cells with columnar mucin-filled goblet cells are seen in urine cytology, the presence of a primary glandular lesion of the urinary bladder, such as villous adenoma, should be considered possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:632-635. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	bladder
[Organ-sparing treatment of bladder cancer].	BACKGROUND: Muscle invasive bladder cancer is a frequent disease in Germany. The accepted therapy of choice is radical cystectomy. Due to comorbidities, radical removal of the bladder is often associated with increased perioperative morbidity; therefore alternatives to a radical procedure should be offered. OBJECTIVES: Overview and description of focal therapeutic concepts in muscle invasive bladder cancer to provide therapeutic alternatives for radical organ removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Database research, analysis and discussion of clinical trials presenting therapeutic concepts for focal therapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer. RESULTS: High-energy shock waves, high-intensity focused ultrasound and laser therapy are experimental concepts for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Transurethral resection and radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, where appropriate, are available as focal therapy in bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Cystectomy is the accepted therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Several therapeutic procedures are available as focal therapy. In selected cases, focal therapy can offer an alternative therapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer.	bladder
Penalized estimation for competing risks regression with applications to high-dimensional covariates.	High-dimensional regression has become an increasingly important topic for many research fields. For example, biomedical research generates an increasing amount of data to characterize patients' bio-profiles (e.g. from a genomic high-throughput assay). The increasing complexity in the characterization of patients' bio-profiles is added to the complexity related to the prolonged follow-up of patients with the registration of the occurrence of possible adverse events. This information may offer useful insight into disease dynamics and in identifying subset of patients with worse prognosis and better response to the therapy. Although in the last years the number of contributions for coping with high and ultra-high-dimensional data in standard survival analysis have increased (Witten and Tibshirani, 2010. Survival analysis with high-dimensional covariates. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 19: (1), 29-51), the research regarding competing risks is less developed (Binder and others, 2009. Boosting for high-dimensional time-to-event data with competing risks. Bioinformatics 25: (7), 890-896). The aim of this work is to consider how to do penalized regression in the presence of competing events. The direct binomial regression model of Scheike and others (2008. Predicting cumulative incidence probability by direct binomial regression. Biometrika 95: (1), 205-220) is reformulated in a penalized framework to possibly fit a sparse regression model. The developed approach is easily implementable using existing high-performance software to do penalized regression. Results from simulation studies are presented together with an application to genomic data when the endpoint is progression-free survival. An R function is provided to perform regularized competing risks regression according to the binomial model in the package timereg (Scheike and Martinussen, 2006. Dynamic Regression models for survival data New York: Springer), available through CRAN.	bladder