crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
LINE-1 DNA methylation mediates smoking-related risk in site-specific urothelial carcinoma: a Taiwan case-control study.	While environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to urothelial carcinoma (UC) development, their differential effects on bladder cancer (UB) versus upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated location-specific risk factors and the mediating role of LINE-1 DNA methylation in UC carcinogenesis. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, comprising 478 UC cases (266 UB, 204 UTUC) and 569 controls. The risk factors, including smoking, Chinese herbal medicine use, comorbidities, and blood levels of arsenic, cadmium, and lead, were assessed through questionnaires and blood sample analysis. LINE-1 DNA methylation levels were measured by pyrosequencing. LASSO regression for variable selection and logistic regression for risk assessment. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the role of LINE-1 DNA methylation in the relationship between environmental exposures and UC risk. UB risk was associated with male sex, smoking, chronic kidney disease (CKD), elevated blood arsenic, and diabetes (all p < 0.0001), while UTUC risk was primarily linked to female sex (p = 0.0004) and CKD (p < 0.0001). LINE-1 hypermethylation was associated with both UB and UTUC risk (p < 0.0001). Notably, LINE-1 methylation significantly mediated the relationship between smoking and UC risk, particularly in males, while no significant mediation was observed for other exposures. This study demonstrates distinct risk profiles for UB and UTUC, and identifies LINE-1 methylation as a key mediator in smoking-related UC risk, especially in men. These findings suggest the need for location-specific prevention strategies and highlight the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in UC development.	bladder
Perspectives on an Intensive Hospital-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention in Relation to Transurethral Resection of the Bladder Tumour (TURBT): Interviews with Patients, Relatives, and Clinicians.	Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer and postoperative complications. Therefore, urological guidelines strongly recommend smoking cessation. Notwithstanding, many patients continue to smoke beyond the time of diagnosis. By using the qualitative methodology, this study aimed to explore barriers, facilitators, and recommendations related to the intensive smoking cessation Gold Standard Programme (GSP) from the multi-perspective view of patients treated with transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT), their relatives, and clinicians. We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with eight patients, four relatives, and six clinicians in the urology setting. Data were analysed using the Framework Method. All participants perceived the GSP positively. Across the three groups, five categories emerged describing barriers and facilitators: perceptions of the GSP, pragmatic factors, health-related factors, psychological factors, and relational and communicative factors. Similarly, recommendations were represented in two categories: the GSP and pragmatic factors. While facilitators were relatively similar across the three groups, barriers were dissimilar or contradictory. The clinicians expressed the most challenges related to relational and communicative factors. The patients mainly had recommendations related to the GSP, while the clinicians' recommendations focused on pragmatic factors for conducting the GSP. The potential involvement of relatives needs to be further investigated.	bladder
WWP1 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of HIPK3 in bladder cancer cells.	Protein homeostasis is primarily regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). HIPK3 has been recognized as a tumor suppressor across various cancers. However, the impact of PTMs on HIPK3 remains insufficiently explored. This study identified WWP1 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting HIPK3, demonstrating that WWP1 downregulates HIPK3 protein levels by facilitating its ubiquitination. Mechanistically, WWP1 directly interacts with HIPK3, promoting K48-linked polyubiquitination at the K1187 site. The WWP1/HIPK3 axis modulates cancer cell chemosensitivity through the regulation of the JNK signaling pathway. Additionally, Myc was found to act as a transcription factor, enhancing WWP1 expression. These findings offer novel insights into the regulation of HIPK3 at the PTM level.	bladder
Do Prophylactic Antibiotics Decrease the Rate of Urinary Tract Infections After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy? A Randomized Controlled Trial.	PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to investigate the role of prophylactic antibiotics after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) in the prevention of 90-day UTIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent RARC with urinary diversion were randomized to standard of care (SOC) vs receiving prophylactic antibiotics (nitrofurantoin 100 mg daily or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg daily) for 30 days after discharge. The primary end point was 90-day UTIs (defined as positive urine culture with >10(5) cfu/mL associated with clinical symptoms, such as fever, chills, or flank pain). Secondary end points included adverse events, 90-day infectious complications, UTI-related readmissions, and cost. RESULTS: The final cohort included 40 in the SOC and 37 patients in the study arm, with follow-up ≥90 days. Median age was 69 years (IQR, 65-76), 19 (25%) were female, and 28 (36%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ten patients (25%) developed UTIs in the SOC vs 0% in the study arm (P = .001). There was no significant difference in complications or high-grade complications. Ninety-day infectious complications were 43% in the SOC arm vs 14% in the study arm (P = .006), and 90-day infection-related readmissions were 30% in the SOC vs 5% in the study arm (P = .007). The mean postcystectomy cost was $9074 lower in the treatment arm compared with the SOC (P = .007). The number needed to treat to prevent a single UTI was 4.0 (95% CI, 2.5-7.0). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic antibiotics for 30 days after RARC were associated with lower 90-day UTIs, infectious complications, UTI-related readmissions, and costs without an increase in adverse events.	bladder
Crizotinib Inhibits Viability, Migration, and Invasion by Suppressing the c-Met/PI3K/Akt Pathway in the Three-Dimensional Bladder Cancer Spheroid Model.	We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of crizotinib, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor against bladder cancer (BC) cells, based on a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system. After proliferating cell masses (spheroids) using T24 cisplatin-naïve and T24R2 cisplatin-resistant human BC cell lines, the spheroids were exposed to various crizotinib concentrations in order to derive an ideal crizotinib concentration to suppress cell survival, migration, and invasion. Crizotinib suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in both T24 and T24R2 BC cell lines under a 3D spheroid model, which was more appropriate than the conventional two-dimensional cell culture model. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduced expression of E-cadherin and an enhanced expression of vimentin, suggesting EMT suppression and the subsequent suppression of tumor aggressiveness following crizotinib administration. Meanwhile, the expressions of apoptosis-related genes increased. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of phosphorylated mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) and phosphorylated Akt decreased following crizotinib administration, suggesting that the antitumor effect of crizotinib can be associated with the inhibition of the phosphorylated activation of the c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway. Crizotinib showed a potential antitumor effect on both cisplatin-naïve and cisplatin-resistant human BC cells, likely through c-Met-induced PI3K/Akt pathway inhibition.	bladder
National complication and cost burden of transurethral resection of bladder tumor for bladder cancer.	BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder tumors. Although it is a widely-performed urologic surgery, the complication rate and cost burden of TURBT is poorly understood. This study aims to assess factors contributing to increased complications and healthcare cost burden of TURBT. METHODS: In this population-based cohort study using Survival Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare (SEER-Medicare) registry, patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) who underwent a TURBT between 2004 and 2015 were queried to assess post-TURBT complications and costs. Multivariable logistic regression modeling identified factors associated with 30-day complications. Multivariable linear regression models compared overall costs between patients with and without a complication. RESULTS: In a cohort of 72,284 patients who underwent TURBT for UC, 31,459 (43.5%) of patients experienced at least one complication within 30 days. Factors associated with increased complications include male sex, larger higher grade/stage tumors, repeat TURBTs, concomitant stent placement, and post-TURBT chemotherapy. Having a complication after TURBT was significantly associated with increased overall Medicare cost after multivariable regression adjustment at 30 days ($7393 vs. $3934, P < 0.001), and at multiple time points up to 1 year. Total 30-day Medicare costs measured $207,094,382 (median cost of $2,865 per patient), of which 53% occurred in patients with complications. CONCLUSIONS: Complications after TURBT account for a significant proportion of the cost burden of bladder cancer care. A 30-day complication was associated with a 47% increase in per patient Medicare costs. Future studies are needed to reduce complications after TURBT.	bladder
Detection of hyaluronidase in urine using hyaluronic acid-coated silver nanoparticles-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.	Bladder cancer, a malignancy of the urinary tract, has shown a rising incidence rate in recent years. Current diagnostic methods often suffer from issues such as invasiveness, high costs, or insufficient sensitivity, creating an urgent need for a fast, simple, and non-invasive diagnostic approach. In this study, a novel diagnostic method for bladder cancer is proposed, using hyaluronic acid-coated silver nanoparticles (HA-AgNPs) as the substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect hyaluronidase (HAase), a biomarker for bladder cancer, in urine. This method is based on the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid on HA-AgNPs by HAase, which generates oligomers and causes the breakdown of HA-AgNPs into smaller nanoparticles. The formation of oligomers enhances the surface shielding effect of the silver nanoparticles, promoting aggregation between particles and significantly weakening the SERS signal. By detecting changes in the SERS signal using Rhodamine (R6G), HAase was quantified. The experimental results show that there is a good linear relationship (R(2) = 0.9991) between the SERS signal and the HAase concentration in the range of 3 × 10(-4) U/mL to 3 × 10(1) U/mL. The method demonstrates high sensitivity and can effectively detect HAase concentration in urine. Combining principal component analysis (PCA) with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), effective classification of SERS spectra from 42 normal and 40 bladder cancer urine samples was achieved. Experimental results show that the sensitivity and specificity of this algorithm in distinguishing between the normal and bladder cancer groups reached 95.2 % and 95 %, respectively.	bladder
A review and meta-analysis: comparing the efficacy of robot-assisted and open radical cystectomy in elderly bladder cancer patients.	The focus of this comprehensive review and meta-analysis is to evaluate both the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) versus open radical cystectomy (ORC) in treating bladder cancer among elderly patients. A rigorous review of literature utilized several key databases-Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Web of Science, complete with updates through July 2024. The data were analyzed using Stata 18, employing a random-effects model for the analysis. In this analysis, five studies were analyzed. Initial comparisons revealed that age, body mass index (BMI), and pT3 staging were consistent across both groups, with gender being the only exception showing variation. The results demonstrated that patients undergoing robot-assisted cystectomy had reduced estimated blood loss, decreased duration of hospitalization, and fewer instances of positive surgical margins. The analysis found no notable statistical discrepancies in operative durations between the two groups, transfusion rate, overall complications, minor complications, major complications, or lymph node positivity rates. In terms of urinary diversion, ileal conduit was more common in the RARC group, while ureterocutaneostomy was more frequently observed in the ORC group. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the use of orthotopic neobladder. RARC offers a viable and secure approach for surgical treatment in elderly patients with bladder cancer, showing potential enhancements in crucial areas such as reduced estimated blood loss and shorter durations of hospitalization.	bladder
Patient Versus Clinician Reported Symptoms Agreement in Advanced Metastatic Bladder Cancer Patients.	BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improved survival in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). Patient-reported symptoms in this context were poorly studied. The study aimed to compare symptom severity between patients and clinicians. METHODOLOGY: The secondary analysis of the AMI clinical trial comparing changes in the gut microbiota in patients with la/mUC treated with pembrolizumab was conducted in nine French centers. Secondary endpoints were expected in this prospective study. Patient-Reported Outcome-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) and CTCAE were assessed respectively by patients and clinicians before pembrolizumab initiation, and at each treatment visit until treatment cycle 12. Agreement in severity between clinicians and patients for grade ≥ 3 symptoms was calculated with Cohen's kappa coefficient. The toxicity index was generated for CTCAE and PRO-CTCAE to assess discordance in a longitudinal manner. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare clinicians' and patients' toxicity index and symptom severity frequencies. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were included (M/F sex ratio: 2.5) from December 2020 to March 2022. PRO-CTCAE baseline completion rate was 77.5%. Cohen's kappa coefficient ranged from -0.017 (95% confidence interval (CI), [-0.039, 0.005]) for numbness/tingling to 0.161 (95% CI, [0.045, 0.276]) for fatigue. The patient self-rated symptom toxicity index was > 2 for all symptoms compared to ≤ 0.62 (fatigue) when assessed by clinicians in longitudinal reporting of symptom frequency and severity with a p value < 0.001. The three most commonly reported symptoms by patients and clinicians, respectively, were: Fatigue 53.3% versus 23.4%, generalized pain 42.4% versus 16.5%, and insomnia 41.1% versus 9.5%. Symptom frequency reports between clinicians and patients were statistically different (p < 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Symptom severity assessment showed discordance between patients and physicians. Clinicians reported fewer symptoms and graded them less severely than patients. PROs should be used to accurately reflect patient experience. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04566029.	bladder
A case of severe immune-related adverse events, myocarditis with myositis, and myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome following adjuvant nivolumab administration for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.	Herein, we present a case of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), myocarditis with myositis, and myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) in a patient receiving an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), as adjuvant therapy after surgery for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. An 80-year-old woman who had undergone a total cystectomy for bladder cancer presented with ptosis, diplopia, and paralysis 18 days after receiving nivolumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, as adjuvant therapy for the first time. Initial testing revealed positive findings on the ice pack test; elevated troponin, creatine kinase, and aldolase levels; and an abnormal electrocardiogram, suggesting that the patient had developed ICI-related myocarditis, myositis, and myasthenia gravis. Despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and high-dose corticosteroids, her condition worsened, leading to a complete atrioventricular block. After cardiac pacemaker insertion and intensive treatment with repeated high-dose corticosteroids, IVIG, plasma exchange, and tacrolimus, left ventricular function and myositis symptoms improved. However, the patient developed a respiratory infection and renal failure, leading to death on day 99. Although ICIs are considered relatively safe with few side effects, they can cause serious complications and lead to death. In particular, when severe irAEs occur in multiple organs, such as IM3OS, the prognosis is poor. Although IM3OS has no specific diagnostic biomarker, making early detection difficult, clinicians should always pay attention to patient symptoms when using ICI and evaluate other pathologies with IM3OS when conditions such as myositis or myocarditis are suspected. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology and risk factors of IM3OS.	bladder
Non-classic deubiquitinase USP13 inhibits bladder cancer metastasis through destabilizing cytoplasmic KDM3A.	Bladder cancer (BLCa) metastasis is a predominant cause of death for bladder cancer patients. Histone demethylase KDM3A specifically removes the repressive mono- or di-methyl marks from H3K9 and thus contributes to the activation of gene transcription. However, the underlying mechanisms of KDM3A in bladder cancer are poorly understood. Here, we report that high levels of KDM3A are associated with bladder cancer clinical progression. KDM3A silencing inhibits bladder cancer cell growth, cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identify that non-classic deubiquitinase USP13 interacts with KDM3A to promote its degradation in cytoplasm via the proteasome-specific pathway. USP13 was significantly down-regulated in bladder cancer tissues and negatively associated with KDM3A expression. Furthermore, we show in bladder injected-liver metastasis xenograft model that USP13 inhibits bladder cancer metastasis through destabilizing cytoplasmic KDM3A. Collectively, our findings identify KDM3A is an important regulator of bladder cancer cell growth and metastasis and targeting USP13/KDM3A complex could be a valuable strategy to ameliorate bladder cancer progression and metastasis.	bladder
Simultaneous transurethral resection of the prostate and bladder tumor: a safety and efficacy analysis.	INTRODUCTION: The safety of simultaneous transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) and bladder tumor removal in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and bladder cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to find out how TUR-P affects the recurrence, progression, and prostatic urethral invasion in patients with NMIBC (non-muscle invasive bladder cancer) and BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of bladder cancer patients treated between 2010 and 2023. Among them, 49 patients received either TUR-P alone or in conjunction with transurethral bladder tumor resection (TUR-B), while an additional 49 patients comprised the control group. We examined recurrence, progression, and invasion of the prostatic urethra. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Chi-square testing, with significance set at p < 0.001. RESULTS: No significant difference in recurrence was observed between the control (73.5%) and TUR-P (65.3%) groups (p = 0.769). Progression was observed in 6.1% of the control group and 4.2% of the TUR-P group (p = 0.663). In the TUR-P group, one patient (2%) had prostatic urethral invasion; however, none in the control group did (p > 0.05). The recurrence rates increased more rapidly in the control and TUR-P-only cohorts than in the TUR-P + TUR-B cohort. CONCLUSION: Transurethral resection of the prostate in NMIBC patients with BPH is safe and does not result in increased recurrence, progression, or invasion of the prostatic urethra. This technique reduces bladder outlet obstruction without significantly impacting oncologic outcomes. Large-scale, multicenter, prospective studies are required to validate these findings and further evaluate the long-term oncologic and functional outcomes of this combined surgical approach.	bladder
Oncolytic virotherapy provides a potent therapy option for squamous bladder cancer.	Prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is limited mostly because of lack of effective treatment regimens. Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising option for bladder cancer and received in 2024 FDA therapy designation for the treatment of non-invasive high-grade bladder cancer (BLCA). For muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), preclinical studies demonstrated high efficacy of the oncolytic adenovirus XVir-N-31 in urothelial carcinoma (UC). We analyzed the potency of XVir-N-31 virotherapy as a novel treatment option in SCC. Replication of XVir-N-31 has been described to be facilitated by high expression level of Y-Box binding protein 1 (YB-1). Increased YB-1-mRNA expression was detected in basal/squamous subtype in TCGA BLCA cohort compared to urothelial and luminal BLCA and correlated with patient outcomes. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of 89 SCC on a tissue microarray confirmed strong YB-1 expression in squamous BLCA (sq-BLCA). In vitro, XVir-N-31 showed in subtype-specific cell cultures high rates of infection, replication and cell-killing capacity. In a novel in ovo xenograft model, XVir-N-31 impaired growth of xenografts of patient-derived ex vivo cell lines (p-SCC, p-UC) with growth suppression rates of 39-49%. We provide preclinical evidence ex vivo and in ovo for high efficacy of XVir-N-31 based oncolytic virotherapy as novel SCC therapy.	bladder