crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
[Carboxycryobiopsy and carboxycryoextraction of bladder tumor. Experimental study].	AIM: To evaluate the possibility of performing transurethral carboxycryobiopsy (CCB) and carboxycryoextraction (CCE) of a bladder tumor for pathomorphological examination, as well as to perform a comparative analysis of the safety (quality) of biopsy material (tumor tissue) during standard transurethral biopsy and carboxycryobiopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first experiment in vitro, CCE of bladder tumor fragments obtained after transurethral resection was performed. In the second pilot study, cystoscopy followed by CCB and CCE in a patient with multiple bladder tumors was done. The procedure was performed by transurethral access. During cryopreservation of the bladder tumor, a biopsy was performed. After freezing, the tumor was removed from the bladder and sent for histological examination. RESULTS: The first experiment showed that cryoextraction of the fragments of a bladder tumor using carbon dioxide (CCE) in vitro is a feasible procedure and allows the evacuation of tumor tissues of various sizes. According to the second experiment, CCB and CCE of the bladder tumor using carbon dioxide allows to obtain a biopsy of a bladder tumor of sufficient size without compression or coagulation artifacts, which contributes to a more accurate histological evaluation. CONCLUSION: Our experiments showed that CCB and CCE of a bladder tumor using carbon dioxide are feasible procedures that contribute to obtaining better biopsy material for pathomorphological examination, and also allows to evaluate the effect of low temperatures of carbon dioxide on the biopsy material (tumor tissue).	bladder
Targeting DNA Damage and Repair Machinery via Delivering WEE1 Inhibitor and Platinum (IV) Prodrugs to Stimulate STING Pathway for Maximizing Chemo-Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.	"Both cisplatin-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs)-based immunotherapy are the first-line treatments for patients with advanced bladder cancer. Cancer cells can develop resistance to cisplatin through extensive DNA repair, while a low response rate to ICBs is mostly due to the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and low PD-L1 expression. Herein, a glutathione (GSH)-responsive nanoparticle (NP2) loaded with cisplatin prodrug (Pt (IV)) and WEE1 inhibitor (MK1775) is designed. NP2 can be triggered by GSH in cancer cells, and the released MK1775 can inhibit the activity of WEE1 protein, which ultimately increases DNA damage by cisplatin. Genome-wide RNA sequencing first reveals that NP2 can inhibit DNA repair machinery by interfering with the cell cycle and significantly activate the stimulator of interferon genes pathway. Tumor growth is significantly inhibited by NP2 in vivo. As innate and adaptive immune responses are stimulated, the immunosuppressive microenvironment is modified, and the ""immune cold tumor"" is transformed into an ""immune hot tumor"". In addition, NP2 can upregulate PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, thereby increasing the response rate of PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (αPD-L1) and eliciting long-term immune responses in both primary and metastatic tumors."	bladder
Promoting effect and immunologic role of secretogranin II on bladder cancer progression via regulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways.	Bladder cancer (BLCA) is ranked among the top ten most prevalent cancers worldwide and is the second most common malignant tumor within the field of urology. The limited effectiveness of immune targeted therapy in treating BLCA, due to its high metastasis and recurrence rates, necessitates the identification of new therapeutic targets. Secretogranin II (SCG2), a member of the chromaffin granin/secreted granin family, plays a crucial role in the regulated release of peptides and hormones. The role of SCG2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of lung adenocarcinoma and colon cancer has been established, but its functional significance in BLCA remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate SCG2 expression in 15 bladder cancer tissue samples and their corresponding adjacent control tissues. The potential involvement of SCG2 in BLCA progression was assessed using various techniques, including analysis of public databases, immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting, immunofluorescence, wound-healing assay, Transwell assay, and xenograft tumor formation experiments in nude mice. This study provided novel evidence indicating that SCG2 plays a pivotal role in facilitating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BLCA by activating the MEK/Erk and MEK/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. These findings propose the potential of SCG2 as a molecular target for immunotherapy in human BLCA.	bladder
Computed tomography-based prediction model for identifying patients with high probability of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.	PURPOSE: To investigate computed tomography (CT)-based prediction model for identifying patients with high probability of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 147 consecutive patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT and surgery for bladder cancer. Using corticomedullary-to-portal venous phase images, two independent readers analyzed bladder muscle invasion, tumor stalk, and tumor size, respectively. Three-point scale (i.e., from 0 to 2) was applied for assessing the suspicion degree of muscle invasion or tumor stalk. A multivariate prediction model using the CT parameters for achieving high positive predictive value (PPV) for NMIBC was investigated. The PPVs from raw data or 1000 bootstrap resampling and inter-reader agreement using Gwet's AC1 were analyzed, respectively. RESULTS: Proportion of patients with NMIBC was 81.0% (119/147). The CT criteria of the prediction model were as follows: (a) muscle invasion score < 2; (b) tumor stalk score > 0; and (c) tumor size < 3 cm. From the raw data, PPV of the model for NMIBC was 92.7% (51/55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 82.4-98.0) in reader 1 and 93.3% (42/45; 95% CI 81.7-98.6) in reader 2. From the bootstrap data, PPV was 92.8% (95% CI 85.2-98.3) in reader 1 and 93.4% (95% CI 84.9-99.9) in reader 2. The model's AC1 was 0.753 (95% CI 0.647-0.859). CONCLUSION: The current CT-derived prediction model demonstrated high PPV for identifying patients with NMIBC. Depending on CT findings, approximately 30% of patients with bladder cancer may have a low need for additional MRI for interpreting vesical imaging-reporting and data system.	bladder
Effects of delayed diagnosis on tumor size, stage and grade in bladder cancer.	OBJECTIVE: This study is planned based on the hypothesis that if bladder cancer is detected early, the disease would be less advanced and the possibility of treatment will increase, at least the recurrence-free survival will be longer. Regarding this hypothesis, it is aimed to investigate the effect of delayed diagnosis primarily on the disease factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 169 patients, who underwent TUR-BT with the suspicion of bladder cancer in the urology clinic of Afyonkarahisar Faculty of Medicine between April 2018 and April 2023. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded and compared. RESULTS: It was observed that the delay in diagnosis was significantly longer in patients with tumors larger than 3 cm compared to patients with tumors smaller than 3 cm (p < 0.001). In the correlation analysis between tumor size, duration of diagnosis delay, age, T stage, and tumor grade, a low level of positive correlation was observed between tumor size and duration of diagnosis delay, and it was statistically significant (r = 0.215, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: In our study, it was shown that the tumor size increases as the duration of diagnosis delay increases and this increase causes an increase of 0.088 mm in the pathological size of the tumor in the 1-day delay period. Considering that tumor size changes the risk group of the disease in bladder tumors, and relatedly the follow-up and treatment process changes, we believe that these data will be valuable in the management of bladder cancer.	bladder
Evaluating Oncologists' Practice Patterns and Decision-Making in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: The US Physician PARADIGM Study.	BACKGROUND: The treatment landscape for locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) has evolved. This study examined US prescribing patterns and clinical decision-making for first-line (1L) and first-line maintenance (1LM) treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US-based oncologists (N = 150) completed an online survey on patient demographics, practice patterns, and important factors considered in 1L/1LM selection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with more vs less frequent 1L/1LM prescribing. RESULTS: Physician reports estimated that 23% of patients with la/mUC had not received any systemic therapy in the previous 6 months; however, 46% received 1L, 32% received second-line, and 22% received subsequent-line systemic treatments. Of patients who were receiving 1L treatment, 72% were estimated to be receiving 1L platinum-based chemotherapy. Around 69% of patients eligible for 1LM received the treatment. Physicians categorized as frequent prescribers reported overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and rate of grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) as factors associated with 1L treatment selection (all P < .05). OS, rate of grade 3/4 immune-mediated AEs, and inclusion in institutional guidelines were reported as attributes used in 1LM treatment selection (all P < .05). Multivariable analysis revealed OS, DCR, and rate of grade 3/4 AEs as important factors in oncologists' 1L treatment selection; academic practice setting and use of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 were associated with 1LM use (all P < .05). CONCLUSION: OS and AEs were found to be relevant factors associated with offering 1L and 1LM treatment. Variability exists in physicians' decision-making in the real-world setting for la/mUC.	bladder
Establishment of prognostic model of bladder cancer based on apoptosis-related genes, in which P4HB promotes BLCA progression.	BACKGROUND: A variety of apoptosis genes have been confirmed to be related to the occurrence and development of bladder cancer patients, but few studies have paid attention to their significance in the prognosis of bladder cancer. Therefore, this study explored the value of apoptosis-related genes in the prognosis of BLCA by using the data in TCGA database. METHODS: We downloaded the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of bladder cancer patients from TCGA database, and obtained 2411 apoptosis-related genes from Deathbase database. Screening out differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes. Cox regression was used to determine the prognostic value of apoptosis-related genes, and then a prognostic risk model was developed. A nomogram based on risk model was constructed to predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. At the same time, immune infiltration correlation analysis of genes in the prognosis model. RESULTS: A prognostic model composed of 12 apoptosis-related genes was constructed. According to the risk score calculated by the model, patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group. There are significant differences in the expression of immune cells, immune function and immune checkpoint molecules between high-risk group and low-risk group. P4HB may promote bladder cancer progression. CONCLUSION: Based on the differential expression of apoptosis-related genes, we established a risk model to predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients, in which P4HB promotes BLCA progression.	bladder
Real-world efficacy of adjuvant single-agent intravesical gemcitabine for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.	INTRODUCTION: Failure, intolerance, or shortage of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment for patients with high-risk (HR) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) leave many facing the prospect of radical cystectomy (RC). However, despite the lack of large-scale randomized controlled studies with single-agent intravesical gemcitabine (Gem), it has emerged as a popular salvage agent after BCG failure or even a treatment alternative to BCG. AREAS COVERED: 1. Characterization of treatment regimen details pertaining to single-agent intravesical adjuvant Gem use among disease states of NMIBC characterized by risk and BCG exposure. 2. Comparison of safety and efficacy of Gem according to risk category, type of tumor (papillary vs. carcinoma in situ (CIS)), and tumor grades. EXPERT OPINION: Two randomized studies in early BCG failure disease demonstrate that single-agent Gem has superior efficacy versus repeated BCG therapy or mitomycin C. Studies enrolling patients with predominantly papillary disease without CIS, intermediate-risk (IR) disease, and less BCG exposure appear to derive the highest benefits from adjuvant Gem in terms of recurrence and progression. However, studies with cohorts enriched for a predominance of CIS, HR disease and/or more extensive BCG failure have poorer 2-year recurrence free survival and a somewhat higher risk of progression and RC.	bladder
Expression of S100A16 Is Associated with Biological Aggressiveness and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Bladder Cancer Who Underwent Radical Cystectomy.	S100 calcium binding protein A16 (S100A16) is expressed in various cancers; however, there are few reports on S100A16 in bladder cancer (BC). We retrospectively investigated clinical data including clinicopathological features in 121 patients with BC who underwent radical cystectomy (RC). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate S100A16 expression in archived specimens. Cases with >5% expression and more than moderate staining intensity on cancer cells were considered positive. S100A16 expression was observed in 54 patients (44.6%). Univariate analysis showed that S100A16 expression was significantly associated with age, pT stage, recurrence, and cancer-specific death. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that patients with S100A16 expression had shorter overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than those without S100A16 expression. In multivariate analysis, pT stage was an independent prognostic factor for OS and lymph node metastasis for CSS and RFS. S100A16 expression may be a biomarker of a biologically aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in patients with BC who underwent RC. The PI3k/Akt signaling pathway is probably associated with S100A16 and may be a therapeutic target.	bladder
Circular RNA CCT3 is a unique molecular marker in bladder cancer.	This study surveyed circular RNA CCT3 in bladder cancer (BCa). We recruited 85 BCa patients and 40 normal controls (Normal) and collected clinical specimens for analysis. circRNA CCT3 expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR, diagnostic accuracy was calculated by ROC curves, and survival outcomes were evaluated by survival curves. CircRNA CCT3 was overexpressed or knocked down in cells, thereafter to observe the changes in cell malignant phenotypes. The downstream molecules of circRNA CCT3 were detected. Our data suggest that circRNA CCT3 was upregulated in human BCa and was associated with poor survival outcomes of BCa patients. In cell experiments, overexpressing circRNA CCT3 promoted BCa cell malignancy, whereas silencing circRNA CCT3 did the opposite. In addition, circRNA CCT3 modulated PP2A expression by miR-135a-5p. This study demonstrates that circRNA CCT3 is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in BCa patients and is a tumor promoter in BCa.	bladder
Nationwide Study of Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma in Hungary.	INTRODUCTION: Data describing real-world treatment patterns in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) in Central-Eastern Europe are scarce, and data from Hungary have not been published. This retrospective, nationwide, real-world study investigated patient characteristics, treatment patterns, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in patients with mUC in Hungary. METHODS: Adults diagnosed with mUC from January 2016 through June 2021 were identified using the National Health Insurance Fund Administration database. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: In total, 2523 patients with mUC were identified. Median follow-up was 7.1 months. Overall, 50% of patients received an identified systemic anticancer treatment; within this subgroup, first-line treatment was platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) in 86%, non-PBC in 8%, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in 6%. The proportion of patients receiving treatment increased from 41% in 2016 to 59% in 2020, driven by increased use of first-line PBC or first-line ICI treatment. Comorbidities were more common in patients receiving first-line ICI treatment vs PBC or non-PBC and in patients receiving carboplatin + gemcitabine vs cisplatin + gemcitabine. Overall, only 24% received a second-line treatment. Unadjusted median OS from the start of first-line treatment in the PBC, non-PBC, and ICI subgroups was 12.8, 7.5, and 6.3 months, respectively. Median OS from date of diagnosis in untreated patients was 7.8 months. OS comparisons adjusted for differences in baseline characteristics between subgroups could not be performed. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess treatment patterns in patients with mUC in clinical practice in Hungary, using the national health insurance database. Rates of first- and second-line treatment were consistent with those observed in other countries. Avelumab first-line maintenance treatment became available for reimbursement in Hungary in late 2022, after the study period. Given the evolving landscape of reimbursed treatments in Hungary, further analyses are warranted.	bladder
The ceRNA Mechanism of lncRNA MEG3/miR-21-5p/SPRY2 in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer.	Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common genitourinary malignancy. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is implicated in BC progression. This study delved into the underlying mechanism of lncRNA MEG3 in BC. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the expression of lncRNA MEG3, its association with the survival of BC patients, its subcellular localization, and its binding sites with miR-21-5p. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GSE13507 chip were analyzed using GEOexplorer, downstream targets of miR-21-5p were predicted from databases, and the overlapping genes were analyzed by the website Venny2.1 (https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/index.html); their impacts on patient survival were analyzed by the Starbase database. The expression of SPRY2 and TGFBI associated with patient survival was analyzed in TCGA. RT-qPCR and western blot were performed to detect levels of MEG3, miR-21-5p, and SPRY2 in BC/SV-HUC-1 cells. Malignant biological behaviors of BC cells were detected using CCK8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays. RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase assays were employed to verify the binding relationship of miR-21-5p with MEG3 and SPRY2. MEG3 was found to be lowly expressed in BC cells and mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. Over-expression of MEG3 was found to inhibit BC cell activity, promote apoptosis, and reduce invasion and migration. miR-21-5p was found to be highly expressed in BC cells, and its down-regulation was found to inhibit the malignant behavior of BC cells. Over-expression of miR-21-5p was found to reverse the effect of pcDNA3.1-MEG3 on BC cells. MEG3 was found to competitively bind to miR-21-5p as a ceRNA to promote SPRY2 levels. LncRNA MEG3 promotes SPRY2 expression by competitively binding to miR-21-5p, thereby inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of BC cells.	bladder
Reliability, validity, and change thresholds of the NCCN/FACT Bladder Symptom Index (NFBlSI-18) in patients with advanced urothelial cancer.	BACKGROUND: The NCCN/FACT Bladder Symptom Index-18 (NFBlSI-18) is a bladder cancer-specific instrument. We aimed to psychometrically evaluate the reliability and validity of NFBlSI-18 and estimate change thresholds for total, disease-related symptoms-physical (DRS-P), DRS-emotional (DRS-E), and function/well-being (F/WB) scales in patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC). METHODS: JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial data were analyzed. Anchors to evaluate validity included: 5-level EuroQoL-5D utility index (EQ-5D-5L UI), visual analog scale (VAS), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and number of symptoms. Responsiveness to change was tested by anchoring to time to tumor progression (TTP), best overall response (BOR), and differences in means between ECOG categories to estimate meaningful between-group differences. Meaningful within-group change thresholds were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, anchoring to change in EQ-5D-5L UI. Significant within-individual patient change thresholds were estimated with reliable and likely change indexes. RESULTS: Correlations with EQ-5D-5L UI and VAS ranged from 0.53 to 0.73. Standardized effect sizes were >0.20. Compared with patients with TTP of ≥6 months, patients with TTP of >0-2 and 3-5 months had larger declines; results for BOR were similar. Thresholds (points) for meaningful between-group differences were: total, 6-11; DRS-P, 3-6; and DRS-E and F/WB, 1. Thresholds (points) for meaningful within-group worsening were: total, 4; and DRS-P, 3, and for significant individual change they were: total, 3-9; DRS-P, 2-6; DRS-E, 1-3; and F/WB, 2-4. CONCLUSIONS: NFBlSI-18 exhibited evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness to assess quality of life in studies of la/mUC, and change thresholds are established for future studies. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The NCCN/FACT Bladder Symptom Index-18 (NFBlSI-18) is a questionnaire used to assess quality of life for people with advanced bladder cancer. People with advanced bladder cancer who took part in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 study completed the NFBlSI-18 when they joined the study and after each treatment with avelumab maintenance or best supportive care. This study showed that NFBlSI-18 is suitable for capturing bladder cancer symptoms and is able to detect important changes in a person's quality of life over time. This study also provides thresholds for changes in NFBlSI-18 scores, which will be useful for future studies.	bladder
En bloc resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) revisited 12 years after reintroduction: too good to be further ignored.	En bloc resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) orginally described in 1980 and adopted by few centers in the late 1990s has regained attention in the 2010s as a renaissance of a technique with high potential. The advent of new lasers indirectly lead to a better understanding of anatomical dissection from the experience in anatomical dissection in endoscopic enucleation of the prostate. 12 years after the reintroduction of ERBT evidence mounts that it is not only equivalent but better in some regards. However, ERBT still falls short with regard to wide adoption despite the striking technique inherent and reproducible features of accurate staging and specimen quality as requested by pathologist, as well and despite the high intraoperative safety and fast adoption of this technique even in early phase of training. The editorial walks the reader through the timeline of the renaissance speculating why there is a blockage between cognitive understanding and dissonance in surgical practice. The special issues presents the meta-analysis of surgical and oncological data on one hand and the level of understanding and power of this surgical technique in fields offsite oncological results in training achieving results almost right from the start after adoptation. Unlike in earlier years reviewing the literature of ERBT in 2023, ERBT seems not only to be a viable alternative, but something one should turn towards no to underperform with regards to the endpoints achievable by ERBT in a critical disease like bladder cancer.	bladder