crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Stem Cell-Related Gene CALR as a Novel Prognostic Factor for Bladder Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy.	Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique category of cells located within tumors, characterized by their exceptional self-renewal abilities and capacity to differentiate into different types of tumor cells. These cells are crucial in processes such as tumor metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to treatment. Nevertheless, their particular roles in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) require deeper exploration. This investigation firstly assessed the relationships between genes associated with CSCs and both the prognostic outcomes and responses to immunotherapy in patients with BLCA using cluster analysis methods. Among the genes linked to stem cells, CALR was identified as the most notable prognostic marker by the XGBoost algorithm. Additionally, the study explored the correlation between CALR and immune cell infiltration, as well as its interaction with mitomycin using molecular docking methods. In vitro experiments further validated that CALR affects BLCA stem cells. Utilizing multiple machine learning approaches, this study identified 14 essential stem cell-associated genes, underscoring their significance for BLCA diagnosis and potential therapeutic targeting. Critically, CALR demonstrates a strong correlation with prognostic outcomes and immunotherapy responses in BLCA, consistent with experimental findings indicating its elevated expression in BLCA and association with poor prognosis. Laboratory investigations have demonstrated that reducing CALR expression can lessen the stemness features of BLCA. Our results highlight the critical role of genes related to stem cells in BLCA and identify CALR as a promising target associated with stem cell functionality.	bladder
Outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in advanced urothelial carcinoma: results from a global real-world evidence study.	BACKGROUND: Several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for urothelial carcinoma (UC), but limited information is currently available regarding the efficacy of rechallenging ICIs in patients with previous ICI exposure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out using the TriNetX® database for a large-scale search of patients with advanced UC (aUC) who had received two separate courses of ICIs (either alone or in combinations). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS) of ICI rechallenge. Propensity score matching analysis was run to balance and compare groups based on the duration of ICI rechallenge and stage at diagnosis. RESULTS: Out of 35 789 patients, a cohort of 292 (0.81%) treated with ≥2 ICI-including lines between 2014 and 2024 was identified. There were 86% bladder versus 14% upper tract UC. At initial diagnosis, 49% had stage IV, whereas 51% had stage I-III disease. The median time on prior ICI treatment was 19.5 months; the median time from the end of ICI to the start of ICI rechallenge was 9.4 months. After a median follow-up of 21.7 months, the median OS of ICI rechallenge was 20.5 months, the median PFS was 10.3 months. Previous use of an ICI in a nonmetastatic setting was associated with longer median OS than both lines given in aUC (P < 0.001). Among those who received a previous ICI in a metastatic setting, a cut-off of 12 months for the ICI rechallenge was associated with a longer median OS (P = 0.027). The longest duration of rechallenge treatment was achieved with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 given after anti-programmed death-ligand 1 therapy (18.2 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although it is an uncommon and not standard strategy, previous ICI in nonmetastatic UC and a period of ≥12 months after previous ICI in the metastatic setting were associated with better outcomes after ICI rechallenge in patients with aUC.	bladder
miR-19b-3p Affects the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Bladder Cancer Cells by Regulating the Stability of lncRNA SNHG20.	This study explores the mechanism of miR-19b-3p in bladder cancer (BCa) cell proliferation and apoptosis to provide the latest theoretical basis for miR-19b-3p to become a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for BCa. miR-19b-3p, lncRNA SNHG20, and HS3ST3B1 expressions in BCa tissues or cells were detected via RT-qPCR or Western blot. Cell proliferation was evaluated via CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was assessed via flow cytometry, and apoptosis related factors Bax and Bcl-2 were detected via Western blot. Dual luciferase and RIP assays confirmed the binding of miR-19b-3p and lncRNA SNHG20. The binding between lncRNA SNHG20, TARDBP, and HS3ST3B1 was analyzed by RIP, RNA pull down, and co-immunoprecipitation. The RNA stability of lncRNA SNHG20 and HS3ST3B1 was tested after actinomycin D treatment. A nude mouse xenograft tumor model was established to validate the effect of miR-19b-3p on BCa in vivo. miR-19b-3p was weakly expressed in BCa, while lncRNA SNHG20 and HS3ST3B1 were highly expressed. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p repressed BCa cell proliferation but facilitated apoptosis. Mechanistically, miR-19b-3p decreased lncRNA SNHG20 expression by binding to lncRNA SNHG20 and reducing its stability, thus repressing the interaction between lncRNA SNHG20-TARDBP-HS3ST3B1. Further in vivo experiments also revealed that miR-19b-3p restrained the in vivo tumorigenicity of BCa cells and promoted apoptosis by suppressing the lncRNA SNHG20/HS3ST3B1 axis. In conclusion, overexpression of miR-19b-3p represses BCa cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by suppressing the lncRNA SNHG20/HS3ST3B1 axis.	bladder
Impact of pad wetness on health-related quality of life after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder.	"PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the impact of day- and night-time pad wetness on 2yrs-QoL after Radical Cystectomy (RC) with Orthotopic Neobladder (ON) from a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) aimed at comparing open RC (ORC) and Robot-Assisted RC (RARC) with intracorporeal (i) ON. METHODS: Between January 2018 and September 2020, 116 patients were enrolled. Data from self-assessed questionnaires (EORTC-QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BLM30) were collected. Unmodified HRQoL was defined as a 2yrs Global Health status/QoL increase ≥ 0 (ΔQL ≥ 0) from baseline. Quantitative analysis of continence status was evaluated through 3-day voiding diaries. We previously defined day-time continence as ""complete dryness"" (0gr pad wetness) and night-time continence as pad wetness ≤ 50gr. RESULTS: Out of 116 patients enrolled, 88 received ON, and 71 with a minimum 2yrs follow-up were included. Quantitative analysis of day- and night-time urinary continence are reported. Particularly, 44 patients (62%) were completely dry during the day, while 40 patients (57%) experienced night-time pad wetness ≤ 50gr. However, a day pad wetness > 0gr significantly impact on 2yrs unmodified Global Health Status (p = 0.029), while only a night-time pad wetness ≥ 500gr significantly impacts on 2yrs unmodified Global Health Status (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: This study strengthens the need for a strict definition of day-time urinary continence after RC and ON, confirming complete dryness as a main driver of patients' HRQoL. Conversely, nigh-time continence status seems to play a negligible role on subjectively assessed HRQoL."	bladder
Enhancing prediction accuracy for muscle invasion in bladder cancer using a dual-energy CT-based interpretable model incorporating habitat radiomics and deep learning.	BACKGROUND: Accurately predicting muscle invasion status in bladder cancer (BCa) is essential for developing personalized treatment plans. This study integrates habitat analysis and 2.5-dimension (2.5D) deep learning (DL) to create an interpretable model using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) images to enhance the preoperative assessment of muscle invasion status in BCa. METHODS: This study retrospectively recruited 200 BCa patients who underwent DECT urography and divided them into a training cohort (n = 140) and a test cohort (n = 60). Quantitative parameters from DECT images were measured, and independent predictors of muscle invasion were identified through stepwise regression analysis to develop a DECT model. Radiomics and 2.5D DL models were constructed using iodine-based material decomposition (IMD) images. Tumors were classified into distinct sub-regions using K-means clustering. Through feature extraction and selection, a traditional radiomics model, a habitat model, four 2.5D DL models, and the integrated model combining above models were developed. The predictive performance of the models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calibration curve analysis. The SHAP method was utilized to interpret the optimal model and visualize its decision-making process. RESULTS: The effective atomic number (Z(eff)) was recognized as an independent predictor of muscle invasion in BCa. The integrated model, combining Z(eff), habitat features, and ResNet 101-based DL features (DECT-DLH), represented the optimal model for predicting muscle invasion in BCa. The area under the curve (AUC) using the optima model was 0.981 (95% CI: 0.963-0.998) in the training cohort and 0.874 (95% CI: 0.785-0.964) in the test cohort. Calibration curves validated the model's reliability for clinical applications. Additionally, SHAP elucidated the decision-making processes associated with the model's predicted outcomes. CONCLUSION: The integrated model, combining DECT quantitative parameters, habitat features, and 2.5D DL features, enhances the accuracy of preoperative predictions for muscle invasion status in BCa. The SHAP methodology improves the interpretability of decision-making within the model and provides valuable support for clinicians in developing personalized treatment strategies.	bladder
The serum platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of outcomes in bladder cancer patients: an updated meta-analysis.	"There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the prediction of outcomes in bladder cancer (BCa). Due to the rapidly increasing availability of data to explore this issue, this updated meta-analysis investigates how pretreatment PLR influences the outcomes of BCa. Literature was retrieved from Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed from 2015 to April 2025. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled hazard ratio (HR) have been employed in the exploration of the link across BCa prediction and PLR. The 95% CIs and pooled odds ratios (ORs) examined the connection between PLR and clinicopathological features of BCa. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to identify the main sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of the results. The Egger's test and ""trim and fill"" method have been used in evaluating publication bias. This study incorporated 20 studies comprising 5,594 participants. Elevated PLR was conspicuously linked to inferior overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.23-1.85, P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.26-2.24, P < 0.001). A marginally significant association was observed between high PLR and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.61, 95% CI1.00-2.59, P = 0.052). No strong correlation between PLR and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.96-1.35, P = 0.138). Additionally, elevated PLR was significantly associated with tumor stage ≥ T2 (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.24-2.97, P = 0.003). The PLR can be regarded as an indicative predictor of the destitution of individuals suffering from BCa."	bladder
Risk stratification of pT1b urothelial carcinoma based on spatial relationships between invasive tumour and muscularis propria on TURB specimens for predicting muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma in radical cystectomy: A new proposal.	"INTRODUCTION: In bladder cancer, the presence of lamina propria invasion (pT1) poses a significant clinical challenge due to varied tumour behaviours and risk of disease progression. Efforts to substage pT1 urothelial carcinoma (UC) using diverse systems have been made, but challenges persist in accurately predicting disease progression. This study introduces a novel risk stratification approach focusing on pT1b UC cases based on the spatial relationship between invasive carcinoma and the muscularis propria (MP) in transurethral resection of bladder (TURB) specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of pathology reports from 2017 to 2023 identified pT1 cases in TURB specimens, subcategorised using a 2-tiered approach. Exclusions were applied based on specific criteria, leading to a final cohort of 24 patients. We evaluated the tumour diameter and proximity to the MP from a ""Tumour-MP (T-M) angle"" perspective. A novel pT1b risk stratification method focusing on the T-M angle to differentiate low- and high-risk groups was developed, in which pT1b low-risk is defined as a T-M angle less than 180 degrees, and pT1b high-risk is defined as a T-M angle greater than 180 degrees. RESULTS: In this study of 24 pT1b UC cases, 16 were categorised as pT1b low-risk and 8 as pT1b high-risk. Notably, the high-risk group showed a higher upstaging rate to advanced tumour stages (≥pT2) in radical cystectomy (RC) specimens compared to the low-risk group (88% vs. 56%, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: This new risk stratification method presents promise in guiding early aggressive treatment decisions, though larger prospective studies are essential for further validation and clinical integration."	bladder
Urothelial carcinoma following kidney transplantation: a narrative review of Chinese insights and challenges from pathogenesis to precision diagnosis and treatment.	Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) exhibit a higher incidence of neoplasms compared to the general population, primarily due to the prolonged administration of immunosuppressive agents and viral infections. In China, the primary type of tumor among KTRs is urothelial carcinoma (UC), which lacks specific clinical manifestations. Accurate diagnosis necessitates the integration of multiple diagnostic modalities, while therapeutic approaches must judiciously balance oncological control with the preservation of renal function, thereby presenting a considerable challenge to the health of KTRs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic strategies associated with urothelial carcinoma post kidney transplantation (KT), aiming to enhance healthcare professionals' understanding of this condition and improve patient management.	bladder
Exploration of the Prognostic Value of PANoptosis-Related Genes in Bladder Cancer.	This study systematically investigates the prognostic value and clinical significance of PANoptosis-related genes in bladder cancer (BC). By integrating the TCGA and GEO databases, two PANoptosis molecular subtypes with significant survival differences were identified, with the C2 subtype demonstrating a more favorable prognosis. A prognostic model comprising nine key genes was constructed, demonstrating robust risk stratification capabilities in both training and validation sets. Further analysis revealed that high-risk patients exhibited distinct immunosuppressive microenvironment characteristics, including enrichment of Treg cells and M2 macrophages. Single-cell sequencing analysis elucidated the cell-type-specific expression patterns of these genes within the tumor microenvironment. Experimental validation confirmed the significant overexpression of KCNJ15, FASN, and ADAMTS12 in BC tissues. The prognostic model established in this study provides a novel tool for risk stratification of BC patients while simultaneously establishing the foundation for in-depth exploration of PANoptosis mechanisms in BC.	bladder
Differential Expression of One-Carbon Pathway Enzyme ALDH1L1 Is Linked to Tumorigenicity of Low-Grade Bladder Cancer Cells Through Metabolic Reprogramming.	BACKGROUND: RT4 bladder cancer cell line, derived from a nonmuscle-invasive low-grade subtype, is one of the few neoplastic cell lineages that maintain high expression of the candidate tumor suppressor ALDH1L1. Here, we investigated how differential ALDH1L1 expression affects cellular characteristics and tumorigenicity of RT4 cells as well as tumor metabotypes. METHODS: We characterized RT4 cells and two shRNA clones (sh506/low ALDH1L1 expression; sh572/ALDH1L1 is lost) for proliferation, migration, clonogenic capacity, and mitochondrial respiration. We have further evaluated the tumorigenic potential of RT4 cells and the two clones in nude mice and compared metabotypes of derived tumors using untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS: Both clones with diminished ALDH1L1 expression exhibited increased proliferation rates with doubling times of 19.4 h (sh506) and 23.2 h (sh572) versus 36.3 h for RT4 cells. Downregulation of ALDH1L1 expression also enhanced motility and clonogenic capacity. Proliferation and clonogenic capacity were highest for the sh506 clone (low ALDH1L1 expression), while motility was strongest for the sh572 clone (complete ALDH1L1 loss). Both clones showed altered energy metabolism, as indicated by a reduced basal oxygen consumption rate and enhanced maximal respiration rate following oligomycin treatment. Mouse xenograft tumors derived from ALDH1L1-deficient RT4 clones were significantly larger than RT4 cell-derived tumors. Of note, complete ALDH1L1 loss (sh572 clone) was less advantageous for tumor growth than the partial loss of the protein (sh506 clone). Untargeted metabolomics has shown that tumors with downregulated ALDH1L1 have altered the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, CoA, and acylcarnitines. Alterations in several key pathways, including glutathione metabolism (sh506), and TCA cycle (sh572), depend on the extent of ALDH1L1 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores ALDH1L1 as a key metabolic regulator of proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity in RT4 bladder cancer cells, suggesting that retaining low ALDH1L1 expression can provide a metabolic advantage for growth of aggressive tumors.	bladder
AISI, SIRI, and MLR in Predicting Surgical Outcomes After Radical Cystectomy: Revisiting Inflammatory Risk Markers.	Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of systemic inflammatory response markers-namely, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI), and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR)-in determining the occurrence of major complications following radical cystectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients who underwent open radical cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables, including albumin, creatinine, eGFR, smoking, and ASA score, were collected. SIRI, AISI, and MLR were calculated from preoperative blood counts. Major complications and their subtypes (infectious, wound, cardiopulmonary, thrombotic, and anastomotic) were adjudicated independently. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression, ROC curves, calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow, intercept, slope, and plots), bootstrap resampling (B = 2000), linearity checks (restricted cubic splines and Box-Tidwell), incremental value metrics (ΔAUC, IDI, and NRI), and decision-curve analysis (DCA). Results: Major complications occurred in 57 patients (28.5%). SIRI values were significantly higher in patients with major complications (median 2.12 vs. 1.63, p = 0.006), whereas AISI and MLR did not differ. SIRI remained an independent predictor in multivariable analysis (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01-1.86, p = 0.045). An AUC of 0.624 (95% CI 0.538-0.709) with a negative predictive value of 83.3% was observed for SIRI. The baseline clinical model yielded an AUC of 0.648, and an AUC of 0.672 was obtained when SIRI was added (ΔAUC = +0.024, 95% CI -0.022-0.071, p = 0.16). Calibration was excellent (intercept = 0.07, slope = 1.08), and superior net benefit was demonstrated for the SIRI-augmented model within threshold probabilities of 0.15-0.45 in DCA. A statistically significant improvement in IDI (0.024, p = 0.024) was identified, while NRI was positive but not significant. Subtype analyses indicated that the strongest associations of SIRI were with infectious and wound complications. Conclusions: SIRI was found to be an independent predictor of major complications after open radical cystectomy. Although gains in discrimination were modest, incremental analyses demonstrated improved calibration and net clinical benefit when SIRI was incorporated into a clinical model. External validation is required before translation into clinical practice.	bladder
Comparison of 4 local anesthetic techniques for open radical cystectomy: A prospective, randomized controlled trial.	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Open radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is associated with high morbidity, partly due to perioperative opioid use and delayed return of bowel function. We designed a prospective, randomized controlled trial to compare 4 common perioperative analgesic techniques. METHODS: A total of 160 patients between 2019 and 2021 were prospectively enrolled and randomized into 4 groups - thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), rectus sheath block (RSB), surgeon infiltration (SI) with either liposomal bupivacaine (LB) or standard bupivacaine (SB). The primary outcome was Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at different time points. Secondary outcomes including opioid use, incidence of treatment related side effects, and length of stay (LOS) were measured. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference regarding VAS scores among 4 groups at 24-, 48, or 96-hour marks. At 72-hour, both TEA and SI with SB had lower VAS scores compared to SI with LB at rest. Compared to SI with SB, TEA had lower cumulative opioid use in first 72 hours postoperatively. The opioid use at individual timepoint, treated related side effects and LOS were similar across groups. TEA was not associated with increased incidence of hypotension, AKI, or delayed ambulation. The ileus rates were higher in SI groups than in TEA and RSB groups (not statistically significant). Limitations include variability in analgesic techniques and timing to transition to PO opioids. CONCLUSIONS: Four analgesic methods perform similarly regarding pain control, opioid use, treatment related side effects and LOS in radical cystectomy.	bladder
Uncovering the prognostic implications and immunological roles of transmembrane protein 208 in bladder cancer by multi omics analysis and experimental verification.	In this study, we explored the role of transmembrane protein 208 (TMEM208), a transmembrane protein predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum, in bladder cancer (BLCA), where its absence is associated with developmental defects and cellular polarity disorders. Utilizing data from the TCGA database and 15 GEO datasets, we correlated TMEM208 expression with clinical features and employed the ComPPI website and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to dissect its protein interactions and functional roles. Our analysis revealed that TMEM208 is significantly upregulated in BLCA, positively correlating with clinical severity and poor survival. GSEA indicated associations with oxidative phosphorylation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stemness pathways. Immunoinfiltration analysis showed a predominantly positive correlation with immune cells, except for central memory T cells (Tcm) and T helper cells. Spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing demonstrated TMEM208's predominant expression in tumor cells and fibroblasts, aligning with tumor cell counts, and highlighting its crucial function within the tumor microenvironment. Cellular assays confirmed TMEM208's ability to enhance BLCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, TMEM208's overexpression in BLCA suggests its potential as an oncogenic factor, a prognostic indicator of poor outcomes, and a potential therapeutic target.	bladder