crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
A potential prognostic lncRNA signature for predicting survival in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma.	Increasing evidence has highlighted the critical roles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in cancer development and progression. However, the prognostic power of expression-based lncRNA signature for predicting overall survival in patients with Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA) has not been investigated. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis for lncRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of 234 BLCA patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We established a set of four-lncRNAs that were significantly associated with BLCA patients' survival. Using the prognostic four-lncRNA signature, we successfully classified the BLCA patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, and the prognostic power of the four-lncRNA signature was further validated in the testing dataset and entire dataset. Multivariate Cox regression and stratified analyses demonstrated that the prognostic power of the four-lncRNA signature was independent of other clinical variables. Functional enrichment analyses suggested the four prognostic lncRNAs may be involved in known BLCA-related biological processes and pathways. Our results demonstrated that the four-lncRNA signature could be novel independent biomarkers for predicting survival in patients with BLCA.	bladder
The Functional Haplotypes of CHRM3 Modulate mRNA Expression and Associate with Bladder Cancer among a Chinese Han Population in Kaohsiung City.	Bladder cancer is one of the major cancer types and both environmental factors and genetic background play important roles in its pathology. Kaohsiung is a high industrialized city in Taiwan, and here we focused on this region to evaluate the genetic effects on bladder cancer. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3) was reported as a key receptor in different cancer types. CHRM3 is located at 1q42-43 which was reported to associate with bladder cancer. Our study attempted to delineate whether genetic variants of CHRM3 contribute to bladder cancer in Chinese Han population in south Taiwan. Five selected SNPs (rs2165870, rs10802789, rs685550, rs7520974, and rs3738435) were genotyped for 30 bladder cancer patients and 60 control individuals and genetic association studies were performed. Five haplotypes (GTTAT, ATTGT, GCTAC, ACTAC, and ACCAC) were found significantly associated with low CHRM3 mRNA level and contributed to increased susceptibility of bladder cancer in Kaohsiung city after rigid 10000 consecutive permutation tests. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic association study that reveals the genetic contribution of CHRM3 gene in bladder cancer etiology.	bladder
Cross-species analysis of the canine and human bladder cancer transcriptome and exome.	We investigated the correspondence between transcriptome and exome alterations in canine bladder cancer and the correspondence between these alterations and cancer-driving genes and transcriptional alterations in human bladder cancer. We profiled canine bladder tumors using mRNA-seq and exome-seq in order to investigate the similarity of transcriptional alterations in bladder cancer, in humans and canines, at the levels of gene functions, pathways, and cytogenetic regions. We found that the transcriptomes of canine and human bladder cancer are remarkably similar at the functional and pathway levels. We demonstrated that canine bladder cancer involves coordinated differential expression of genes within cytogenetic bands, and that these patterns are consistent with those seen in human bladder cancer. We found that genes that are mutated in canine bladder cancer are more likely to be transcriptionally downregulated than non-mutated genes, in the tumor. Finally we report three novel mutations (FAM133B, RAB3GAP2, and ANKRD52) for canine bladder cancer.	bladder
How different cystoscopy methods influence patient sexual satisfaction, anxiety, and depression levels: a randomized prospective trial.	PURPOSE: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. BC diagnosis and surveillance is based on cystoscopy (CS). CS impact on patient's depression, anxiety, and sexual satisfaction (SS) is not sufficiently studied. There are no data on patient's comfort with flexible or rigid CS. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated pain perception (PP), depression, anxiety, and SS of 100 male patients who previously underwent at least one rigid CS in our department as surveillance after TURB procedure due to non-muscle-invasive BC and were scheduled for the next CS examination. The patients were randomized for flexible or rigid CS. Before CS, patients described their recalled rigid CS-related pain by NRS and fulfilled HADS and SS questionnaires. After CS, PP was re-evaluated immediately and HADS and SS within 7-10 days following the CS. RESULTS: The baseline scores include 5.2 ± 2.6 points for rigid CS recalled pain, 7.2 ± 3.0 points for HADS anxiety, 5.8 ± 3.5 for depression, and 27.8 ± 5.1 for SS. The flexible CS-related pain was approximately three times lower than the recalled pain level and also than the current rigid CS related (p < 0.001). Mean SS score was two points lowered after rigid CS (p < 0.001). One point decrease in anxiety level was observed after flexible CS (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis supported the hypothesis of patients benefiting from flexible CS in terms of pain perception, anxiety symptoms, and SS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the superiority of flexible CS in terms of pain alleviation, and shifts in SS and anxiety levels.	bladder
Lycorine induces apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells by inhibiting phospho-Akt and activating the intrinsic apoptotic cascade.	Lycorine, an alkaloid extracted from Amaryllidaceae genera, exhibits antitumor activities against several human solid-tumor and leukemia cells with extensive influence on various cell signaling molecules. However, the effect of lycorine on bladder cancer has not yet been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that lycorine induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells, an effect that is mediated via inhibition of phospho-Akt expression and the consequent activation of caspase-3 and Bax in vitro. In an in vivo experiment, T24 cells were subcutaneously implanted in the right rear flank of nu/nu mice. Lycorine treatment for 14 days significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with that in controls. Collectively, our findings suggest that lycorine suppressed the Akt pathway and activated the intrinsic apoptotic cascade, leading to the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. We suggest that lycorine can be a viable therapeutic option for bladder cancer patients.	bladder
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Histologic Variants of Urothelial Cancer Treated with Trimodality Bladder-sparing Therapy.	BACKGROUND: Trimodality bladder-sparing therapy (TMT) is an acceptable treatment for selected patients with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer. Outcomes of TMT in histologic variants remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC) to variant urothelial carcinoma (VUC) after TMT. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective study of patients treated with TMT at a single cancer center from 1993 until 2013. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities, and univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 303 patients treated with TMT, 66 (22%) had VUC. Fifty (76%) had VUC with squamous and/or glandular differentiation and 16 (24%) had other forms. Complete response rate after induction TMT was 83% in PUC and 82% in VUC (p=0.9). The 5-yr and 10-yr disease-specific survival (DSS) was 75% and 67% in PUC versus 64% and 64% in VUC. The 5-yr and 10-yr overall survival (OS) was 61% and 42% in PUC versus 52% and 42% in VUC. On multivariable analysis VUC was not associated with DSS (hazard ratio: 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.8-2.2, p=0.3) or OS (hazard ratio: 1.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.8-1.7, p=0.4). Salvage cystectomy rates were similar (log-rank p=0.3). Limitations include retrospective design and restriction to variants of urothelial cancer. CONCLUSIONS: VUC responded to TMT, and there was no significant difference in complete response, OS, DSS, or salvage cystectomy rates compared with PUC. The presence of VUC should not exclude patients from TMT. PATIENT SUMMARY: The response of histologic variants of bladder cancer to bladder-sparing chemoradiation is largely unknown. We compared the outcomes of histologic variants of urothelial cancer to pure urothelial cancer in a large series of patients from a single institution. We found that variant histology does not significantly influence outcomes.	bladder
Proliferation activity in bladder tumors does not correlate with the pathological grading.	Worldwide, bladder cancer is the seventh most frequent cancer in men and the 17th most frequent cancer in women, respectively. In men, this type of cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer localized in the genitourinary system, after prostate cancer. The incidence of bladder cancer is ever growing and the etiopathogenic factors of bladder cancer are numerous and still not fully understood. Smoking is the most common risk factor incriminated in the onset of urinary tract cancer, the incidence of bladder cancer being directly connected to the smoking duration and the tobacco amount intake. Regarding the histopathological types, more than 90% of bladder cancer is represented by transitional cell carcinomas. Histopathology assessment of bladder cancer is a constant challenge regarding the connection between tumor grading, depth of invasion, extension and clinical prognosis. We evaluated here a number of 32 confirmed bladder tumors and we aimed to find common patterns of expression for markers like cytokeratin 7 (CK7), CK20, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 8 and 9, as well as for the Ki67 proliferation index. Our study showed that both CK7 and CK20 were present in different tumor areas and tumor gradings, MMP9 was more constantly expressed compared to the more variable expression of MMPs 2 and 8, vascular densities did not seem to increase in high-grade invasive tumors compared to low-grade tumors. Interestingly, while high Ki67 proliferating indexes were present especially in high-grade superficially tumors, compared to low-grade papillary tumors; this correlation was inversed for the advancing edges of the tumor. This common feature of invasive urothelial tumors will thus require further studies in order to elucidate the cellular signaling pathways by which these tumors increase their overall invasiveness.	bladder
Inhibition of long non-coding RNA UCA1 by CRISPR/Cas9 attenuated malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer.	CRISPR/Cas9 is a novel and effective genome editing technique, but its application is not widely expanded to manipulate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression. The lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) is upregulated in bladder cancer and promotes the progression of bladder cancer. Here, we design gRNAs specific to UCA1 and construct CRISPR/Cas9 systems targeting UCA1. Single CRISPR/Cas9-UCA1 can effectively inhibit UCA1 expression when transfected into 5637 and T24 bladder cancer cells, while the combined transfection of the two most effective CRISPR/Cas9-UCA1s can generate more satisfied inhibitory effect. CRISPR/Cas9-UCA1s attenuate UCA1 expression via targeted genome-specific DNA cleavage, resulting in the significant inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms associated with the inhibitory effect of CRISPR/Cas9-UCA1 on malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer are attributed to the induction of cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, a substantial increase of apoptosis, and an enhanced activity of MMPs. Additionally, urinary UCA1 can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for bladder cancer as revealed by a meta-analysis. Collectively, our data suggest that CRISPR/Cas9 technique can be used to down-modulate lncRNA expression, and urinary UCA1 may be used as a non-invasive marker for diagnosis of bladder cancer.	bladder
A role of multimodality bladder-preserving therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer plus hydronephrosis with or without pelvic nodal involvement.	BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the failure patterns of multimodality bladder-preserving therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. METHODS: Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer underwent maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor and induction chemotherapy, followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Radiotherapy was given with 45 Gy to the pelvis, 50.4 Gy to the bladder, and 64.8 Gy to the tumor bed. Three protocols of trimodality treatment were used: Protocol A, three cycles of cisplatin and fluorouracil (CF), followed by CCRT with 6 weekly cisplatin; Protocol B, three cycles of weekly paclitaxel plus CF, followed by CCRT with 6 weekly paclitaxel and cisplatin; Protocol C, three cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin, followed by CCRT with 6 weekly cisplatin. Interval cystoscopy confirmed complete response (CR) after induction chemotherapy and 40-50 Gy of radiotherapy. Patients without CR were referred for salvage cystectomy. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were enrolled, including 11 patients with unfavorable factors defined as hydronephrosis and/or pelvic nodal involvement. After a median follow-up of 86.7 months, the 5-year overall, progression-free, and bladder preservation-specific survival rates were 76.3%, 62.9%, and 71.5%, respectively. Three patients underwent salvage cystectomy for invasive bladder recurrence. Of 45 surviving patients, 42 patients (93.3%) retained functioning bladders. Patients with unfavorable factors had significantly lower metastasis-free survival (p=0.002), but not bladder preservation-specific survival (p=0.25). CONCLUSION: With trimodality treatment involving visually complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor, cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy, and CCRT, patients with unfavorable factors maintained satisfactory bladder preservation but not systemic control.	bladder
Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial That Compared Maintenance Lapatinib Versus Placebo After First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1/2-Positive Metastatic Bladder Cancer.	Purpose To establish whether maintenance lapatinib after first-line chemotherapy is beneficial in human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 1/HER2-positive metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Methods Patients with metastatic UBC were screened centrally for HER1/HER2 overexpression. Patients who screened positive for HER1/2 and who did not have progressive disease during chemotherapy (four to eight cycles) were randomly assigned one to one to lapatinib or placebo after completion of first-line/initial chemotherapy for metastatic disease. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Results Between 2007 and 2013, 446 patients with UBC were screened, and 232 with HER1- or HER2-positive disease were randomly assigned. The median PFS for lapatinib and placebo was 4.5 (95% CI, 2.8 to 5.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 3.0 to 5.8) months, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.43; P = .63). The overall survival for lapatinib and placebo was 12.6 (95% CI, 9.0 to 16.2) and 12.0 (95% CI, 10.5 to 14.9) months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.31; P = .80). Discontinuation due to adverse events were similar in both arms (6% lapatinib and 5% placebo). The rate of grade 3 to 4 adverse events for lapatinib and placebo was 8.6% versus 8.1% ( P = .82). Preplanned subset analysis of patients strongly positive for HER1/HER2 (3+ on immunohistochemistry; n = 111), patients positive for only HER1 (n = 102), and patients positive for only HER2 (n = 42) showed no significant benefit with lapatinib in terms of PFS and overall survival ( P > .05 for each). Conclusion This trial did not find significant improvements in outcome by the addition of maintenance lapatinib to standard of care.	bladder
Application of dual-energy spectral CT imaging in differential diagnosis of bladder cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.	The aim of this study was to explore the clinical value of dual-energy spectral CT imaging in the differential diagnosis between bladder cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).We retrospectively analyzed images of 118 patients who received pelvic dual-energy spectral CT imaging. These patients were later confirmed to have bladder cancer in 61 patients and BPH in 57 patients. CT values of the 2 lesion types from 40 to 140 keV were measured from the monochromatic spectral CT image to generate spectral HU curves. The slope of the spectral curve and the lesion effective atomic number were calculated. The measured parameters were analyzed with independent-sample Mann-Whitney U test.There was a statistically significant difference in CT value between the 2 groups from 40 to 90 keV, with the biggest difference at 40 keV (median and interquartile range: 83.3 HU and 22.9 HU vs 60.6 HU and 16.7 HU, Z = 5.932, P < 0.001). The slope of the spectral HU curve for bladder cancer was markedly higher than that of BPH (median and interquartile range: 0.48 and 0.23 vs 0.26 and 0.22, Z = 5.162, P < 0.001); the difference in effective atomic number (median and interquartile range: 7.99 and 0.21 vs 7.80 and 0.20, Z = 5.233, P < 0.001) was also statistically significant.Dual-energy spectral CT imaging provides high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating bladder cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia.	bladder
Occupational exposure to solvents and bladder cancer: A population-based case control study in Nordic countries.	The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between exposure to selected solvents and the risk of bladder cancer. This study is based on the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) database and comprises 113,343 cases of bladder cancer diagnosed in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden between 1961 and 2005 and 566,715 population controls matched according to country, sex and birth year. Census-based occupational titles of the cases and controls were linked with the job exposure matrix created by the NOCCA project to estimate quantitative cumulative occupational exposures. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Increased risks were observed for trichloroethylene (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.40), toluene (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00-1.38), benzene (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.31), aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.94-1.30) and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.23) at high exposure level versus no exposure. The highest excess for perchloroethylene was observed at medium exposure level (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.23). The study provides evidence of an association of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, benzene and toluene and the risk of bladder cancer.	bladder
Association between pioglitazone use and the risk of bladder cancer among subjects with diabetes mellitus: a dose-response meta-analysis	"PURPOSE: Previous epidemiological studies reported inconsistent results regarding the association between pioglitazone use and the risk of bladder cancer (BC). We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to assess this association. METHODS: PUBMED and EMBASE databases were searched through August 2015. Pooled results derived from a random-effects model, and the dose-response analyses were conducted for the association between cumulative dose or duration of pioglitazone use and BC risk. RESULTS: 14 studies were included. After comparing ""ever use"" with ""never use"" of pioglitazone, an increased risk of BC (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.25) was present, and there was no significant heterogeneity between studies (P for heterogeneity = 0.54, I2 = 0.0%). Every 12 months increase (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03 - 1.30) or 10 g increase (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.09) in pioglitazone use was marginally associated with elevated BC risk. The evidence of linear relationships was found for the cumulative dose of pioglitazone and BC risk, and a nonlinear curve for association between the duration of pioglitazone use and the risk of BC was revealed. Subgroup analyses revealed that an increased risk of BC for pioglitazone use was observed in European male subjects with more than 12 months of pioglitazone use and in the ""multivariate adjusted"" group. CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone use among subjects with diabetes mellitus increases BC risk mildly. More studies are needed to investigate the association between the cumulative dose of pioglitazone use and BC risk."	bladder
Parastomal hernia following cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion: a systematic review.	PURPOSE: The natural history of development of Parastomal hernia (PH) following cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically review the frequency and risk factors of PH following ileal conduit diversion. METHODS: A systematic review of literature was performed and the Cochrane, EMBASE and PubMed databases were searched from 1(st) January 1985 to 30th April 2016. All articles reporting occurrence of PH following cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion were analysed. The primary outcome measure was the frequency of development of PH. Secondary outcome measures were risk factors for PH development, complications of PH, frequency of PH repair and recurrence of PH. RESULTS: Twelve articles of the 63 originally identified were analysed. Sample sizes ranged from 36 to 1057 patients with a pooled total of 3170 undergoing ileal conduit surgery. Age at the time of surgery ranged from 31 to 92 years. Of the 3170 patients who underwent ileal conduit surgery, 529 patients (17.1%) developed a PH based on either clinical examination or cross sectional imaging. Female gender, high BMI, low preoperative albumin and previous laparotomy were significantly associated with the development of PH in two studies. Repair of PH was offered to 8-75% of patients. The rate of recurrence following repair of PH was reported to range from 27 to 50%. CONCLUSION: A PH is frequent following cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion. The diagnosis of a PH depends upon duration of clinical follow-up and the use of cross-sectional imaging. The recurrence rates following the repair of a PH remain substantial.	bladder