crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Case-Control Study Comparing LithoVue, a Single-Use, Flexible Disposable Ureteroscope, with Flexible, Reusable Fiber-Optic Ureteroscopes.	OBJECTIVE: LithoVue™ is a novel, single-use, digital flexible ureteroscope that was released to the US market in January 2016. There are scant data regarding its performance in humans. Procedural outcomes comparing LithoVue with reusable ureteroscopes are presented in patients undergoing ureteroscopy for upper urinary tract pathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical outcomes between two groups of patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy for upper urinary tract pathology were analyzed. The first group underwent surgery utilizing LithoVue, and the second group used reusable fiber-optic flexible ureteroscopes. Differences in procedural outcomes, operative times, and time spent in hospital were analyzed using two-tailed t-tests and chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: One hundred fifteen cases utilizing LithoVue and 65 cases utilizing reusable ureteroscopes were included in this study. Demographics, surgical indications, stone size, location, total stone burden, composition, procedural outcomes, and complications were comparable between groups. For all cases, LithoVue procedures lasted 54.1 ± 25.7 minutes compared with 64.5 ± 37.0 minutes for reusable scope procedures (p < 0.05) and for stone removal cases, 57.3 ± 25.1 vs 70.3 ± 36.9 minutes, respectively (p < 0.05). Scope failure occurred in 4.4% of LithoVue cases and 7.7% of reusable cases (p = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: LithoVue represents a feasible alternative to reusable ureteroscopes with a low rate of scope failure comparable with reusable ureteroscopes. Its use shortens procedure duration, a finding that warrants further investigation.	bladder
Secondary malignancies after rectal cancer resection with and without radiation therapy: A propensity-adjusted, population-based SEER analysis.	BACKGROUND: The relationship between radiation therapy for rectal cancer and secondary malignancies is debated. The present study is the first population-based analysis using conventional multivariable analyses as well as propensity score matching to assess this relationship. METHODS: Overall, 77,484 patients after resection of localized or locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 1973 and 2012 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. The occurrence of secondary malignancies diagnosed at least 1 (median follow up 5.8years [1-39.9years]) year after rectal cancer diagnosis was compared in patients who did and did not undergo radiation using stratified and propensity score matched Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 77,484 patients, 34,114 underwent radiation and 43,370 did not. Ignoring gender and entity, radiation therapy was not associated with secondary malignancies (hazard ratio [HR]=0.97 (95%CI: 0.92-1.02, P=0.269). The risk for prostate cancer was decreased and (HR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.36-0.48, P<0.001) and increased risk for endometrial cancer (HR=1.95, 95%CI: 1.49-2.56, P<0.001). Overall, patients undergoing radiation had higher risks for lung cancer (HR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.06-1.30, P<0.001), bladder cancer (HR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.31-1.80, P<0.001) and lymphomas (HR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.03-1.58, P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: The present analysis describes the occurence of secondary malignancies after pelvic radiation in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery. Indeed, radiation for rectal cancer is associated with a significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer, however, an increased risk of endometrial, lung, and bladder cancer as well as lymphomas was observed. Overall, the risk of secondary malignancies was slightly decreased with radiation in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection, this was attributable to lower rates in prostate cancer.	bladder
Immunoregulation of Dendritic Cell Subsets by Inhibitory Receptors in Urothelial Cancer.	Blockade of inhibitory receptors (IRs) overexpressed by T cells can activate antitumor immune responses, resulting in the most promising therapeutic approaches, particularly in bladder cancer, currently able to extend patient survival. Thanks to their ability to cross-present antigens to T cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are an immune cell population that plays a central role in the generation of effective antitumor T-cell responses. While IR function and expression have been investigated in T cells, very few data are available for DCs. Therefore, we analyzed whether DCs express IRs that can decrease their functions. To this end, we investigated several IRs (PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA, TIM-3, and CD160) in circulating CD1c(+) DCs, CD141(+) DCs, and plasmacytoid DCs from healthy donors and patients with urothelial cancer (UCa). Different DC subsets expressed BTLA and TIM-3 but not other IRs. More importantly, BTLA and TIM-3 were significantly upregulated in DCs from blood of UCa patients. Locally, bladder tumor-infiltrating DCs also overexpressed BTLA and TIM-3 compared to DCs from paired nontumoral tissue. Finally, in vitro functional experiments showed that ligand-mediated engagement of BTLA and TIM-3 receptors significantly reduced the secretion of effector cytokines by DC subpopulations. Our findings demonstrate that UCa induces local and systemic overexpression of BTLA and TIM-3 by DCs that may result in their functional inhibition, highlighting these receptors as potential targets for UCa treatment. PATIENT SUMMARY: We investigated the expression and function of a panel of inhibitory receptors in dendritic cells (DCs), an immune cell subpopulation critical in initiation of protective immune responses, among patients with urothelial carcinoma. We found high expression of BTLA and TIM-3 by blood and tumor DCs, which could potentially mediate decreased DC function. The results suggest that BTLA and TIM-3 might be new targets for urothelial carcinoma treatment.	bladder
Role of Inflammation in the Perioperative Management of Urothelial Bladder Cancer With Squamous-Cell Features: Impact of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Outcomes and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.	BACKGROUND: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) might reflect an increased neutrophilic inflammatory response, and urothelial tumors with squamous-cell features (SqD) have been linked to inflammation. We hypothesized that NLR could be prognostic in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In patients with SqD muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with curative intent, NLR and relationships with outcomes were analyzed by Cox regression, log-rank, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Fifty patients presented SqD (median follow-up, 29 months). The ideal NLR cutoff (by receiver operating characteristic curves) was 5. Thirty-seven patients had NLR < 5 and 13 had NLR ≥ 5. The 5-year progression-free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival were 46.8%, 48.4%, and 45% for NLR < 5 cases, and 10.3%, 10.3%, and 11.7% for NLR ≥ 5 cases (all P < .05). On multivariate analysis, NLR was prognostic (hazard ratio = 4.26, 6.21, and 4.08 for progression-free survival, CSS, and overall survival). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was of significant benefit in NLR < 5 patients, with a CSS of 91.2 months (n = 3) versus 38.1 months (n = 24) for those treated with up-front radical cystectomy (P = .009); Kaplan-Meier curves were also significantly different. These differences did not reach statistical significance for patients with NLR ≥ 5. For the 19 patients treated with NAC, NLR was also predictive of response to NAC. CONCLUSION: Inflammation, measured by NLR, is potentially prognostic in the perioperative management of SqD. NLR identifies 2 risk groups. Patients displaying low NLR had a 4-fold survival improvement and were highly responsive to NAC. NLR might be a good prognostic tool. Its role as a predictor of response to NAC deserves future study, along with its role as a selection criterion for therapies other than chemotherapy.	bladder
The effect of curcumin on bladder tumor in rat model.	OBJECTIVE: Bladder cancer is the most commonly malignant tumor in the urogenital tract, only next to prostate cancer with a higher incidence in China. Curcumin is the major component of curcuma longa and has multiple biological effects including anti-tumor. This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SPF-grade Wistar rats were used for establishing bladder cancer model through injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Rats were then randomly divided into experimental, model and control group. 160 μmol/L curcumin were applied in the experimental group while model group received an equal volume of saline. General condition, morphology changes and cell cycle of bladder cancer cells were examined. Meanwhile, apoptotic proteins including Bcl-2, Bax and surviving were also measured by Western blot. RESULTS: Model rats displayed fever, hematuria, decreased food and water intake, dispersed fur, lower body mass and decreased activity. Under microscopy, the bladder wall was thickened with the cauliflower-like lesion, in which significant necrotic and hemorrhagic lesions were found. Experimental group rats improved general condition without decrease of body mass. The only minor lesion was found without significant necrosis or hemorrhage without invasion into the muscular layer. The number of G1 phase cells was increased while S phase cell number was decreased after drug intervention, suggesting suppression of G1/S transition (p < 0.05). In curcumin-treated rats, the expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin were significantly decreased while Bax protein expression was significantly elevated (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Curcumin can inhibit the growth and invasion of rat bladder cancer cells, possibly through the arresting of G1/S transition and subsequently increased apoptosis.	bladder
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A New Standard for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer?	Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer and the ninth most common cause of cancer deaths for men worldwide. Cystectomy with pelvic lymph nodes dissection is the standard local treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (T2-T4). In the last decade, the management of MIBC had become multidisciplinary involving peri-operative chemotherapy (neo- or adjuvant chemotherapy). Randomized trials and meta-analyses confirmed the survival benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before local treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy). Consequently, this sequence should be considered as standard treatment of choice, for patients with good performance status (0-1) and good renal function. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is not clear for patients treated with primary surgery.	bladder
MicroRNA-124-3p affects proliferation, migration and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells through targeting AURKA.	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between miR-124-3p and Aurora A kinase (AURKA) in bladder cancer (BC). METHODS: The expressions of miR-124-3p and AURKA in BC tissues and cell lines were detected using RT-PCR and western blot. BC cells were transfected with miR-124-3p mimics and AURKA siRNA. After this cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and cytometry tests. The relationship between miR-124-3p and AURKA was confirmed with luciferase reporter assay. Mice xenograft models were constructed to examine the effects of AURKA on BC in vivo. RESULTS: MiR-124-3p expression was significantly down-regulated in BC tissues and cell lines, while AURKA was significantly up-regulated compared to normal samples. MiR-124-3p targeted AURKA and decreased its expression. Transfection of miR-124-3p mimics and AURKA siRNA was shown to down-regulate BC cell proliferation and migration as well as induce cell apoptosis. As suggested by xenograft models, the inhibition of AURKA can effectively suppress tumor growth. CONCLUSION: MiR-124-3p has significant impact on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of BC cells by targeting AURKA.	bladder
Generation of potent cytotoxic T lymphocytes against in male patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer by dendritic cells loaded with dying T24 bladder cancer cells.	BACKGROUND: In order to induce a potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy for bladder cancer, various tumor antigens can be loaded onto DCs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish a method of immunotherapy for male patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), using bladder cancer-specific CTLs generated in vitro by DCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monocyte-derived DCs from bladder cancer patients were induced to mature in a standard cytokine cocktail (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2: standard DCs, sDCs) or anα-type 1-polarized DC (αDC1) cocktail (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) and loaded with the UVB-irradiated bladder cancer cell line, T24. Antigen-loaded αDC1s were evaluated by morphological and functional assays, and the bladder cancer-specific CTL response was analyzed by cytotoxic assay. RESULTS: The αDC1s significantly increased the expression of several molecules pertaining to DC maturation, regardless of whether or not the αDC1s were loaded with tumor antigens, relative to sDCs. The αDC1s demonstrated increased production of interleukin-12 both during maturation and after subsequent stimulation with CD40L that was not significantly affected by loading with tumor antigens as compared to that of sDCs. Bladder cancer-specific CTLs targeting autologous bladder cancer cells were successfully induced by αDC1s loaded with dying T24 cells. CONCLUSION: Autologous αDC1s loaded with an allogeneic bladder cancer cell line resulted in increased bladder cancer-specific CTL responses as compared to that with sDCs, and therefore, may provide a novel source of DC-based vaccines that canbe used in immunotherapy for male patients with NMIBC.	bladder
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is elevated in recurringnonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.	BACKGROUND/AIM: Although it has been shown that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may predict the progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), its association with the recurrence of NMIBC has been poorly studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between NLR and disease recurrence in patients with NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 428 consecutive initially diagnosed NMIBC patients who underwent transurethral resection between January 2010 and July 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a preoperative NLR (n = 6), without a minimum of 6 months of follow-up (n = 56), who were lost to follow-up (n = 38), or who had progressive disease during follow-up (n = 42) were excluded. The demographics, tumor characteristics, and NLRs of patients with and without tumor recurrence were compared. RESULTS: Of 286 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 68 (17.43%) had recurrent disease. Tumor size (P = 0.198), tumor type (P = 0.929), and the presence of carcinoma in situ (P = 0.373) were also similar between groups. Patients with recurrent disease had a higher mean NLR (2.62 ± 0.99 vs. 2.2 ± 0.96, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Our results show that NLR may be used as a predictor of recurrence in patients with NMIBC; however, prospective studies are required to validate these findings.	bladder
Gene expression profiling in bladder cancer identifies potential therapeutic targets.	Despite advances in management, bladder cancer remains a major cause of cancer related complications. Characterisation of gene expression patterns in bladder cancer allows the identification of pathways involved in its pathogenesis, and may stimulate the development of novel therapies targeting these pathways. Between 2004 and 2005, cystoscopic bladder biopsies were obtained from 19 patients and 11 controls. These were subjected to whole transcript-based microarray analysis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to identify samples with similar expression profiles. Hypergeometric analysis was used to identify canonical pathways and curated networks having statistically significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes. Osteopontin (OPN) expression was validated by immunohistochemistry. Hierarchical clustering defined signatures, which differentiated between cancer and healthy tissue, muscle-invasive or non-muscle invasive cancer and healthy tissue, grade 1 and grade 3. Pathways associated with cell cycle and proliferation were markedly upregulated in muscle-invasive and grade 3 cancers. Genes associated with the classical complement pathway were downregulated in non-muscle invasive cancer. Osteopontin was markedly overexpressed in invasive cancer compared to healthy tissue. The present study contributes to a growing body of work on gene expression signatures in bladder cancer. The data support an important role for osteopontin in bladder cancer, and identify several pathways worthy of further investigation.	bladder
Curcumin reverses benzidine-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via suppression of ERK5/AP-1 in SV-40 immortalized human urothelial cells.	Overexposure to benzidine has been manifested as an important cause of bladder cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of benzidine-induced malignancy is still insufficiently interpreted. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial pathophysiological process in embryonic development as well as initiation and development of epithelium-originated malignant tumors. The role of extracellular regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) in benzidine-meditated bladder cancer development has not been explored. In the present study, we explored the role of ERK5/AP-1 pathway in benzidine-induced EMT in human normal urothelial cells and the intervention effect of curcumin on bezidine-induced EMT. We found that benzidine-induced EMT in SV-40 immortalized human urothelial cells (SV-HUC-1) at low concentrations. We detected that ERK5/AP-1 pathway was notably activated. Specific ERK5 inhibitor, XMD8-92 was applied to determine the role of ERK5 in benzidine-induced EMT. Results indicated that XMD8-92 reversed the EMT process. Furthermore, curcumin effectively attenuated benzidine-induced urocystic EMT by suppressing ERK5/AP-1 pathway. In conclusion, the present study revealed the positive role of ERK5/AP-1 in benzidine-provoked urocystic EMT and the curcumin promising use in bladder cancer prevention and intervention via ERK5/AP-1 pathway.	bladder
SOX10 is over-expressed in bladder cancer and contributes to the malignant bladder cancer cell behaviors.	PURPOSE: To detect the expression level and significance of SOX10 in human bladder cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess SOX10 protein level using a bladder cancer tissue microarray (including 59 spots of cancer tissues and 46 spots of paired normal tissues) and 31 specimens and to define the relationship between SOX10 and clinicopathological bladder cancer characteristics in patients. SOX10 protein and mRNA levels in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637, BIU87, EJ) and transitional cell papilloma cell line (RT4) were tested by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR), respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were performed to investigate bladder cancer cell proliferation after SOX10 knockdown. The effect of SOX10 on cell migration and invasion was analyzed by Transwell and Matrigel assays. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate SOX10 prognostic significance for bladder cancer patients. The mechanisms by which SOX10 promote bladder cancer progression were examined by western blotting. RESULTS: SOX10 protein was upregulated in 74.4% of bladder cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (32.6%). SOX10 protein was also upregulated in malignant cell lines. In addition, high SOX10 expression was related with clinical stage (P = 0.008), T stage (P = 0.004), histological grade (P = 0.002) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.006). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analyses showed that SOX10 functioned as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. SOX10 knockdown in bladder cancer cells significantly impacted proliferation, migration and invasion, and SOX10 might promote bladder cancer progression by altering β-catenin and Met expression. CONCLUSION: SOX10 was over-expressed in bladder cancer and promoted malignant bladder cancer cell behaviors. SOX10 has potential as a molecular target for bladder cancer treatment.	bladder
Valorization of Lipids from Gracilaria sp. through Lipidomics and Decoding of Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.	The lipidome of the red seaweed Gracilaria sp., cultivated on land-based integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system, was assessed for the first time using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS and MS/MS). One hundred and forty-seven molecular species were identified in the lipidome of the Gracilaria genus and distributed between the glycolipids classes monogalactosyl diacylglyceride (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglyceride (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglyceride (SQMG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglyceride (SQDG), the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), lyso-PC, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), lyso-PG, phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatic acid (PA), inositolphosphoceramide (IPC), and betaine lipids monoacylglyceryl- and diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethyl homoserine (MGTS and DGTS). Antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects promoted by lipid extract of Gracilaria sp. were evaluated by monitoring cell viability in human cancer lines and by using murine macrophages, respectively. The lipid extract decreased cell viability of human T-47D breast cancer cells and of 5637 human bladder cancer cells (estimated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 12.2 μg/mL and 12.9 μg/mL, respectively) and inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) evoked by the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 (35% inhibition at a concentration of 100 μg/mL). These findings contribute to increase the ranking in the value-chain of Gracilaria sp. biomass cultivated under controlled conditions on IMTA systems.	bladder
Precision surgery and genitourinary cancers.	"The landscape of the surgical management of urologic malignancies has dramatically changed over the past 20 years. On one side, better diagnostic and prognostic tools allowed better patient selection and more reliable surgical planning. On the other hand, the implementation of minimally invasive techniques and technologies, such as robot-assisted laparoscopy surgery and image-guided surgery, allowed minimizing surgical morbidity. Ultimately, these advances have translated into a more tailored approach to the management of urologic cancer patients. Following the paradigm of ""precision medicine"", contemporary urologic surgery has entered a technology-driven era of ""precision surgery"", which entails a range of surgical procedures tailored to combine maximal treatment efficacy with minimal impact on patient function and health related quality of life. Aim of this non-systematic review is to provide a critical analysis of the most recent advances in the field of surgical uro-oncology, and to define the current and future role of ""precision surgery"" in the management of genitourinary cancers."	bladder