crossing96/oncoscreening huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Health Related Quality of Life After Open Radical Cystectomy: Comparison of Ileal Conduit, Indiana Pouch, and Orthotopic Neobladder.	OBJECTIVE: To characterize the health-related quality of life reported by patients who received an ileal conduit (IC), Indiana pouch, or neobladder urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index survey was administered to patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy and urinary diversion from 2015-2018. Surveys were completed prior to radical cystectomy and then longitudinally throughout the postoperative course. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients completed questionnaires over a median of 12.3 months, 83 (56.8%) received an IC, 31 (21.2%) an Indiana pouch, and 32 (21.9%) an orthotopic neobladder. There were no significant differences in health related quality of life among urinary diversion groups considering the Trial Outcome Index scores, general overall FACT-G assessment, or total Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index instruments. Patients who received IC were older and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (p <.005) yet still experienced similar improvements in health related quality of life commensurate with the other diversion cohorts. There was a significant difference in physical well-being favoring neobladder over IC or Indiana Pouch urinary diversions (p <.05). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first and largest quality of life analysis comparing all three methods of urinary diversion in a longitudinal fashion utilizing a standardized, validated, treatment-specific health survey. Proper preoperative counseling is critical to ensure understanding of the benefits of available urinary diversion.	bladder
Erdafitinib as a Novel and Advanced Treatment Strategy of Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.	Urothelial carcinoma has become the ninth most common malignancy in the world. Since the 1980s, diverse studies and treatment methods came out with their possible effects along with certain limitations. Initially, platinum chemotherapy was considered as first-line treatment of the disease. Although it was proved to be effective initially, the most number of cases reported the reoccurrence of the disease. Furthermore, aberrant ligand- dependent and constitutive ligand-independent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling has been reported in a large number of solid tumors, including urothelial carcinoma that became the basis for FGFR inhibition for the treatment of the disease. Erdafitinib is a pan-FGFR inhibitor that was recently approved in the USA for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic FGFR3 or FGFR2 urothelial carcinoma. The drug is also being investigated as a treatment for other cancers, including cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma cancer and oesophageal cancer. This article summarizes the various treatments that evolved for bladder cancer till now, a brief description of the biology of FGFR inhibition, clinical pharmacology, and various clinical trials of erdafitinib.	bladder
Lacking Evidence to Recommend Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Definitive Radiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer : In response to: Trimodality Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Recent Advances and Unanswered Questions published by Di Maria Jiang et al. Current Oncology Reports 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-0880-5.	We comment on the paper of Di Maria Jiang et al. published in Current Oncology Reports 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-0880-5 . We disagree on a major recommendation of the authors because of lacking evidence. This response is considered to be important for readers of Current Oncology Reports.	bladder
Prevalence and Correlates of Successful Smoking Cessation in Bladder Cancer Survivors.	"OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and correlates of successful smoking cessation in bladder cancer survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population-based sample of bladder cancer survivors diagnosed over a 3 year period was obtained from the California Cancer Registry. Respondents completed a survey about their tobacco use and attempts at smoking cessation. Contingency tables and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate for correlates of successful smoking cessation. RESULTS: Of total survey respondents, 19% (151 of 790) were active smokers at bladder cancer diagnosis and made up our analytic cohort. The majority of included respondents were male, older than 60, and had smoked for >40 years prior to diagnosis. After diagnosis, 76% (115 of 151) of active smokers made a quit attempt and 56% (65 of 115) were successful. Success with smoking cessation was more frequent among those who attempted to quit around the time of initial bladder cancer diagnosis. The majority (66%) of successful quitters did so ""cold turkey"" without pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy. After adjustment for demographic and tobacco-related factors, quit attempts specifically motivated by the bladder cancer diagnosis were highly associated with smoking cessation success (OR 11.6; 95% CI 3.73-35.8). Use of pharmacologic or behavioral therapies in the quit attempt were not significantly associated with successful smoking cessation. CONCLUSION: Our data underscore the importance of motivation, timing, and the role of the urologist in the quit attempts of bladder cancer survivors. Emphasis should be placed on ensuring the newly diagnosed make a timely quit attempt informed by the causal role of smoking in their malignancy."	bladder
Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy Versus Open Radical Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer Patients: A Multicentre Comparative Effectiveness Study.	BACKGROUND: Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) and urinary diversion in patients with bladder cancer is known for its high risk of complications. Although open radical cystectomy (ORC) is regarded as the standard treatment, robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is increasingly used in practice, despite the fact that high-quality evidence comparing the effectiveness of both techniques is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of RARC compared with that of ORC, in terms of 90 d complications (Clavien-Dindo), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and clinical outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective comparative effectiveness study was conducted in 19 Dutch centres, expert in either ORC or RARC. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 30, 90, and 365 d. INTERVENTION: Standard ORC or RARC with PLND, using a standardised perioperative protocol. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was any-grade complications after 90 d. Secondary outcomes included HRQOL, complications (minor, major, 30 d, and 365 d), and clinical outcomes. Differences were calculated as risk differences (RDs) between the groups with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential baseline differences by means of propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Between March 2016 and November 2018, 348 patients were included (n = 168 for ORC, n = 180 for RARC). At 90 d, any-grade complication rates were 63% for ORC and 56% for RARC (RD -6.4%, 95% CI -17 to 4.5). Major complication rates were 15% for ORC and 16% for RARC (RD 0.9%, 95% CI -7.0 to 8.8). Total minor complication rates were 57% for ORC and 49% for RARC (RD -7.6%, 95% CI -19 to 3.6). Analyses showed no statistically significant differences in HRQOL between ORC and RARC. Some differences were found in the secondary outcomes in favour of either RARC or ORC. The major drawback inherent to the design comprises residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS: This multicentre comparative effectiveness study showed no statistically significant differences between ORC and RARC in terms of complications and HRQOL. PATIENT SUMMARY: This multicentre study did not show differences in overall complication rates, health-related quality of life, mortality, and clinical and oncological outcomes between open and robot-assisted radical cystectomy in bladder cancer patients.	bladder
Evaluation of Spectra A and B Modes in Diagnosis of Suspicious Bladder Lesions.	"Background: White light imaging (WLI) cystoscopy, a ""gold standard"" for diagnosis of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), can miss ∼25% of bladder cancers. Spectra A (SA) and Spectra B (SB) are virtual optical chromoendoscopy modes introduced by Storz. Objective: To evaluate whether SA and SB improve over WLI in diagnosis of NMIBC. Design, Setting, and Participants: Storz Professional Image Enhancement System (SPIES) modes allow side-by-side viewing of WLI and spectra images. Cystoscopy images of some patients with suspected NMIBC and some normal cystoscopy findings were cut in two parts: one WLI and the other SA or SB. Each individual image was sent to the 3721 members of Urological Society of India separately through online survey. Histologic diagnosis was considered final diagnosis. Intervention: The observers were asked whether they considered the image to be cancer; yes, no, or cannot say were the three response options. Outcome Measures and Statistical Analysis: Primary outcome measure was improved diagnosis of NMIBC. Diagnostic efficacy was analyzed through 2 × 2 tables, McNemar test, and Fleiss Kappa. Results and Limitations: A total of 273 observers participated in the study. The sensitivities of WLI, SA, and SB were 89.81, 91.15, and 88.81, respectively. The specificities were 73.18, 66.17, and 68.68, respectively. In patients with cancer, both SA and SB improved the diagnostic efficacy of WLI. SA added significantly to the diagnostic accuracy over WLI (χ(2) = 12.23, p = 0.00046). SB also added significantly over WLI (χ(2) = 11.76, p = 0.0006). With increasing cancer grade, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of all modes increased. The major limitation of this study is the online diagnosis based on still images. Conclusions: In patients with cancer, SA and SB significantly add to the diagnostic accuracy of WLI. As compared with the negative WLI, if SA and SB are negative, NMIBC would be less likely."	bladder
The intratumoral CXCR3 chemokine system is predictive of chemotherapy response in human bladder cancer.	Chemotherapy has direct toxic effects on cancer cells; however, long-term cancer control and complete remission are likely to involve CD8(+) T cell immune responses. To study the role of CD8(+) T cell infiltration in the success of chemotherapy, we examined patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who were categorized on the basis of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We identified the intratumoral CXCR3 chemokine system (ligands and receptor splice variants) as a critical component for tumor eradication upon NAC in MIBC. Through characterization of CD8(+) T cells, we found that stem-like T cell subpopulations with abundant CXCR3alt, a variant form of the CXCL11 receptor, responded to CXCL11 in culture as demonstrated by migration and enhanced effector function. In tumor biopsies of patients with MIBC accessed before treatment, CXCL11 abundance correlated with high numbers of tumor-infiltrating T cells and response to NAC. The presence of CXCR3alt and CXCL11 was associated with improved overall survival in MIBC. Evaluation of both CXCR3alt and CXCL11 enabled discrimination between responder and nonresponder patients with MIBC before treatment. We validated the prognostic role of the CXCR3-CXCL11 chemokine system in an independent cohort of chemotherapy-treated and chemotherapy-naïve patients with MIBC from data in TCGA. In summary, our data revealed stimulatory activity of the CXCR3alt-CXCL11 chemokine system on CD8(+) T cells that is predictive of chemotherapy responsiveness in MIBC. This may offer immunotherapeutic options for targeted activation of intratumoral stem-like T cells in solid tumors.	bladder
DNA methylation patterns of SOCS1 gene in peripheral blood identifies risk loci associated with bladder cancer based on principal component analysis.	Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common carcinoma of the urinary tract, which occurs in the bladder mucosa. In recent years, people have recognized that epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation play important roles in the development of BCa but the specific mechanism is unclear. In this study, we detected the methylation rates in the SOCS1 gene of 490 subjects (including 247 patients with BCa and 243 healthy controls) using the MassARRAY EpiTYPER system. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with the aim of identifying common underlying patterns that could explain the largest part of common variance in methylation across units. A logistic regression model was used to assess the relation of SOCS1 methylation patterns with factors related to BCa risk. The methylation rates varied for different CpG units and were significantly different in BCa patients compared to controls. Six principal component factors were extracted by combining initial eigenvalue, explanatory power, and Scree Plot. After adjusting for age, gender, family history of bladder cancer, smoking, and drinking, we observed that Factor 1 (OR=0.051, 95% CI: 0.015-0.178, p<0.001), Factor 2 (OR=0.146, 95% CI: 0.073-0.295, p<0.001), Factor 3 (OR=0.346, 95% CI: 0.198-0.606, p<0.001), and Factor 4 (OR=0.270, 95% CI: 0.135-0.537, p<0.001) were associated with BCa. Based on follow-up results, we found that the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates in the hypermethylated group were lower than in the hypomethylated group. We found that several CpG units in methylation patterns were associated with the incidence of BCa showing the important DNA methylation patterns for BCa pathogenesis. Our findings provided new insights into understanding this disease and new potential targets for therapeutic intervention for BCa patients in the future.	bladder
Transcriptomics analysis for the identification of potential age-related genes and cells associated with three major urogenital cancers.	Age is one of the most important risk factors of the occurrence for tumor patients. The majority of patients with urogenital cancers are the elderly, whose clinical characteristics are greatly affected by age and ageing. Our study aimed to explore age-related genes, cells, and biological changes in three common urogenital cancers via integrative bioinformatics analysis. First, mRNA (count format) and clinical data for bladder cancer, prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Through the comparison of clinicopathological characteristics, genes expression and cells infiltration between the old group and the young group, it was found that the clinical characteristics, genes and cells in the tumor microenvironment of different ages were quite different. And 4 key cells, 14 hub genes and some potential pathways were identified and considered as important factors. More importantly, we analyzed the differential landscape of the genes and cells from different perspectives, and confirmed its importance. In conclusion, we identified genes and cell types associated with age-related changes in the tumour microenvironment in urogenital cancer patients. These genes and cell types may play a critical role in the age-associated differences in clinicopathological characteristics among urogenital cancers, thus providing a link between ageing and cancer occurrence. The findings of this study may pave the way for the development of age-tailored approaches to treat cancer and other age-related diseases.	bladder
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer: Clinical benefit observed in prospective trials computed with restricted mean survival times.	"PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for eligible patients with cT2-4a N0 M0 bladder cancer undergoing surgical resection. The extent to which (and if) NAC increases patient survival is not clear as clinical trials and meta-analyses have generated both negative and ""borderline"" positive results. The novel method of calculating restricted mean survival times (RMST) may provide a more meaningful way to quantify treatment efficacy due to inherent statistical limitations of conventional hazard ratios. In this study we analyzed the survival benefit attributable to NAC in bladder cancer by calculating RMST of previously published clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All published randomized controlled clinical trials of bladder cancer with available survival data comparing NAC plus radical cystectomy with cystectomy alone were included. RMSTs were calculated for each cohort at the 5-year and total follow-up time periods, comparing the NAC and radical cystectomy groups. Fixed effect meta-analysis of the 5-year RMSTs was then performed to calculate the net impact of NAC on overall survival. RESULTS: For 2 among 7 included trails, RMST analysis changed the statistical significance. The SWOG 8,710 trial that had previously suggested a survival benefit associated with NAC (P = 0.06) was found to have a clearer beneficial association by 5-year RMST (6.5 month benefit; P = 0.01) and total follow-up RMST (13.6 month benefit over 168 months; P = 0.04). The International Collaboration of Trialists trial that had previously suggested a survival benefit with NAC (P = 0.04) was found to have a beneficial association by total follow-up RMST (6.7 months benefit over 120 months; P = 0.04) but not 5-year RMST (P = 0.10). The interpretation of other trials did not change.  Fixed effect meta-analysis suggested a clinically significant overall survival benefit associated with NAC (3.2 months benefit over 60 months; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of published randomized controlled trials using RMSTs strengthens the association of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with survival benefit in bladder cancer. As RMST may enable improved detection of clinical benefit when compared to conventional statistical methods, consideration should be given to RMST-based endpoints in future clinical trial design."	bladder
Application of bi-planar reduced field-of-view DWI (rFOV DWI) in the assessment of muscle-invasiveness of bladder cancer.	OBJECTIVES: To compare the image quality of the reduced field-of-view (rFOV) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with the full field-of-view (fFOV) DWI in the assessment of bladder cancer (BC); and to explore the possible superiority of bi-planar (axial and sagittal) rFOV DWI over single planar fFOV DWI in predicting muscle-invasiveness of BC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 61 patients with BC who underwent DWI sequences including axial fFOV DWI, axial rFOV DWI, and sagittal rFOV DWI. Qualitative and quantitative image quality assessment were compared between axial fFOV DWI and rFOV DWI sequences. The tumor with its base could be clearly displayed on DWI was defined as the evaluable lesion, and the number of evaluable lesions detected from single axial fFOV DWI, axial rFOV DWI, sagittal rFOV DWI, and bi-planar rFOV DWI sequences was recorded and compared. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was compared between non-muscular-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscular-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) based on the sequences of axial fFOV DWI and rFOV DWI, respectively. Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) was introduced to evaluate the overall risk of muscle-invasiveness of BC and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to assess the diagnostic performance. RESULTS: The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the rFOV DWI was significantly higher than that of fFOV DWI (p < 0.01), while the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was significantly lower than that of fFOV DWI (p < 0.01). The subjective score of rFOV DWI was significantly higher than that of fFOV DWI (p < 0.01). The ADC value of the MIBC group was significantly lower than that of the NMIBC in both rFOV DWI and fFOV DWI (all p < 0.01). The number of evaluable lesions detected from the bi-planar rFOV DWI was significantly higher than that detected from the single axial fFOV DWI, axial rFOV DWI, and sagittal rFOV DWI (all p < 0.01). VI-RADS based on the bi-planar rFOV DWI offered high predictive power (the area under the ROC curve, 0.946) for predicting the presence of muscle-invasiveness of BC. CONCLUSION: Bi-planar rFOV DWI may provide more diagnostic confidence than the single planar DWI for predicting the presence of muscle-invasiveness in BC, with improved image quality over the fFOV DWI.	bladder
Correlation of cyclin D1, HER2, and AMACR expressions with histologic grade in bladder urothelial carcinomas.	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bladder cancer is the ninth most common type of cancer worldwide. We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor grade, lamina propria invasion, muscularis propria invasion, and lymphovascular invasion and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), cyclin D1, and alpha-methyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) expressions in bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients who underwent complete TURBT. In total, 72 cases of bladder cancer diagnosed by two pathologists were selected. AMACR, HER-2, cyclin D1 expressions were detected immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The study population comprised 80% (57) males and 20% (15) females (mean age, 68 years). Further, 35 cases were noninvasive and 37 invasive urothelial carcinoma and 38 patients had low-grade tumor and 34 high-grade tumor. Intense immunostaining was observed with cyclin D1 for 75% tumors, AMACR for 39%, and HER-2 for 86%. High expressions of cyclin D1 and AMACR were observed in high-grade tumors (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively). High expression of HER-2 (2 and 3 positive) was found both at low- and high-grade tumors (84% and 88%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Cyclin D1, AMACR expressions were found to be significant predictive factors of high-grade tumors. High Her-2 expression in patients with bladder carcinoma may indicate that they are potential targets for treatment. These markers may be important in determining prognosis of tumors and may be valuable for guiding treatment options.	bladder
[Implementation of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®) protocol in radical cystectomy at the University Medical Center Mainz].	"BACKGROUND: In surgical fields there has been a perceivable paradigm shift during the last decade concerning patient pre- and rehabilitation. Current literature suggests close interdisciplinary collaboration after complex procedures such as radical cystectomy in order to optimize perioperative patient care for the benefit of ""fast-track"" surgery. OBJECTIVES: To compose a catalogue of standardized measures after radical cystectomy based on guidelines set by the ERAS®-Society. RESULTS: The protocol commences with preoperative education in order to improve the physical and psychological condition of the patient. Crucial aspects in peri- and postoperative patient care are gentle surgical technique, adequate pain management, early mobilization and oral food intake, early removal of drains and foreign material and a seamless return to normal, daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective data analysis will be the next step in order to establish the effectiveness of the protocol especially regarding postoperative complications and median duration of hospital stay."	bladder