Language: C++

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
typedef long long ll;
#define rep(i,n) for(ll i=0, i##_len=(n); i<i##_len; ++i)
#define REP(i,num,n) for(ll i=num, i##_len=(n); i<i##_len; ++i)
#define repprev(i,a,b) for(ll i=b-1;i>=a;i--)
#define reprev(i,n) repprev(i,0,n)
using namespace std;
#define sz(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define ZERO(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a))
#define MINUS(a) memset(a,0xff,sizeof(a))
#define MEMSET(v, h) memset((v), h, sizeof(v))
template<class T>bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T>bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (b<a) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> int former(const vector<T> &v, T x){
   return upper_bound(v.begin(),v.end(),x) - v.begin() - 1;
}
template<class T> int latter(const vector<T> &v, T x){
    return lower_bound(v.begin(),v.end(),x) - v.begin();
}
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define y0 y3487465
#define y1 y8687969
#define j0 j1347829
#define j1 j234892
#define BIT_FLAG_0 (1<<0) // 0000 0000 0000 0001
#define BIT_FLAG_1 (1<<1) // 0000 0000 0000 0010
#define BIT_FLAG_2 (1<<2) // 0000 0000 0000 0100
#define BIT_FLAG_3 (1<<3) // 0000 0000 0000 1000
#define BIT_FLAG_4 (1<<4) // 0000 0000 0001 0000
#define BIT_FLAG_5 (1<<5) // 0000 0000 0010 0000
#define BIT_FLAG_6 (1<<6) // 0000 0000 0100 0000
#define BIT_FLAG_7 (1<<7) // 0000 0000 1000 0000
ll gcd(ll a,ll b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
const ll INF = 1LL<<60;

const int MAX = 510000;
const int MOD = 1000000007;

long long fac[MAX], finv[MAX], inv[MAX];

// テーブルを作る前処理
void COMinit() {
    fac[0] = fac[1] = 1;
    finv[0] = finv[1] = 1;
    inv[1] = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i < MAX; i++){
        fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
        inv[i] = MOD - inv[MOD%i] * (MOD / i) % MOD;
        finv[i] = finv[i - 1] * inv[i] % MOD;
    }
}

// 二項係数計算
long long COM(int n, int k){
    if (n < k) return 0;
    if (n < 0 || k < 0) return 0;
    return fac[n] * (finv[k] * finv[n - k] % MOD) % MOD;
}

struct UnionFind {
    vector<ll> par; // par[i]:iの親の番号　(例) par[3] = 2 : 3の親が2

    UnionFind(ll n) : par(n, -1) { }
    void init(ll n) { par.assign(n, -1); }

    ll root(ll x) {
        if (par[x] < 0) return x;
        else return par[x] = root(par[x]);
    }

    bool issame(ll x, ll y) {
        return root(x) == root(y);
    }

    bool merge(ll x, ll y) {
        x = root(x); y = root(y);
        if (x == y) return false;
        if (par[x] > par[y]) swap(x, y); // merge technique
        par[x] += par[y];
        par[y] = x;
        return true;
    }

    ll size(ll x) {
        return -par[root(x)];
    }
};

template <typename T>
vector<T> dijkstra(int s,vector<vector<pair<int, T> > > & G){
   const T INF = numeric_limits<T>::max();
   using P = pair<T, int>;
   int n=G.size();
   vector<T> d(n,INF);
   vector<int> b(n,-1);
   priority_queue<P,vector<P>,greater<P> > q;
   d[s]=0;
   q.emplace(d[s],s);
   while(!q.empty()){
     P p=q.top();q.pop();
     int v=p.second;
     if(d[v]<p.first) continue;
     for(auto& e:G[v]){
       int u=e.first;
       T c=e.second;
       if(d[u]>d[v]+c){
         d[u]=d[v]+c;
         b[u]=v;
         q.emplace(d[u],u);
       }
     }
   }
   return d;
}

const int dx[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0}; // const int dx[8] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1};
const int dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1}; // const int dy[8] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1};

int main(){
    string s;
  	cin >> s;
  	
    // bit全探索テンプレート
    int n = s.size()-1;

    // {0, 1, ..., n-1} の部分集合の全探索
    for (int bit = 0; bit < (1<<n); ++bit)
    {
        /* bit で表される集合の処理を書く */
		int sum = 0;
        /* きちんとできていることを確認してみる */
        // bit の表す集合を求める
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
           if (bit & (1<<i)) { // i が bit に入るかどうか
               sum += (int)s[i];
           }
        }
    }
  	cout << sum << endl;
}

Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'int main()':
a.cc:141:17: error: 'sum' was not declared in this scope
  141 |         cout << sum << endl;
      |                 ^~~