Language: C++

/**
 * Libraries
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
#include <iomanip>
#include <set>
#include <unordered_map>

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

/**
 * macros
 */
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0,i##_len=(n);i<i##_len;++i)
#define repx(i,s,e,d) for(int i=s,i##_end=(e);i<i##_end;i+=d)
#define repxr(i,s,e,d) for(int i=s,i##_end=(e);i>i##_end;i+=d)
#define rept(n) for(int ___i___=0,i##_len=(n);___i___<i##_len;++___i___)
#define repi(itr, ds) for (auto itr = ds.begin(); itr != ds.end(); itr++)
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define ZERO(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a))
#define BIT(n) (1LL<<(n))
#define UNIQUE(v) v.erase(unique(v.begin(),v.end()),v.end());
#define CEIL(x, y) (((x) + (y) - 1) / (y))

/**
 * standard input helpers
 */
// vector
template <typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &vec) {
    for (T &x : vec) is >> x;
    return is;
}
// pair
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, pair<T, U> &pair_var) {
    os << "(" << pair_var.first << ", " << pair_var.second << ")";
    return os;
}
// vector
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &vec) {
    os << "{";
    for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
        os << vec[i] << (i + 1 == vec.size() ? "" : ", ");
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}
// map
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, map<T, U> &map_var) {
    os << "{";
    repi(itr, map_var) {
        os << *itr;
        itr++;
        if (itr != map_var.end()) os << ", ";
        itr--;
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}
// set
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, set<T> &set_var) {
    os << "{";
    repi(itr, set_var) {
        os << *itr;
        itr++;
        if (itr != set_var.end()) os << ", ";
        itr--;
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}
/**
 * debug tools
 */
#define DUMPOUT cout
void dump_func() {
    DUMPOUT << endl;
}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void dump_func(Head &&head, Tail &&... tail) {
    DUMPOUT << head;
    if (sizeof...(Tail) > 0) {
        DUMPOUT << ", ";
    }
    dump_func(std::move(tail)...);
}
#ifdef LOCAL_
#define dump(...)                                                              \
    DUMPOUT << "  " << string(#__VA_ARGS__) << ": "                            \
            << "[" << to_string(__LINE__) << ":" << __FUNCTION__ << "]"        \
            << endl                                                            \
            << "    ",                                                         \
        dump_func(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define dump(...)
#endif

/**
 * helpers
 */
typedef long long int lli;
typedef pair<int, int> ii;
typedef priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int> > heapq;
int dx[4]={1,0,-1,0};
int dy[4]={0,1,0,-1};
struct aaa{
    aaa(){
        cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cout<<fixed<<setprecision(20);
    };
}aaaaaaa;
template<int MOD> struct Modnum {
    lli val;
    constexpr Modnum(lli v = 0) noexcept : val(v % MOD) {
        if (val < 0) v += MOD;
    }

    constexpr Modnum operator - () const noexcept {
        return val ? MOD - val : 0;
    }
    constexpr Modnum operator + (const Modnum& x) const noexcept {
        return Modnum(*this) += x;
    }
    constexpr Modnum operator - (const Modnum& x) const noexcept {
        return Modnum(*this) -= x;
    }
    constexpr Modnum operator * (const Modnum& x) const noexcept {
        return Modnum(*this) *= x;
    }
    constexpr Modnum operator / (const Modnum& x) const noexcept {
        return Modnum(*this) /= x;
    }

    constexpr Modnum& operator += (const Modnum& x) noexcept {
        val += x.val;
        if (val >= MOD) val -= MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr Modnum& operator -= (const Modnum& x) noexcept {
        val -= x.val;
        if (val < 0) val += MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr Modnum& operator *= (const Modnum& x) noexcept {
        val = val * x.val % MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr Modnum& operator /= (const Modnum& x) noexcept {
        val = val * modinv(x.val).val % MOD;
        return *this;
    }

    constexpr bool operator == (const Modnum& x) const noexcept {
        return val == x.val;
    }
    constexpr bool operator != (const Modnum& x) const noexcept {
        return val == x.val;
    }

    friend constexpr ostream& operator << (ostream &os, const Modnum<MOD>& x) noexcept {
        return os << x.val;
    }
    friend constexpr istream& operator >> (istream &is, const Modnum<MOD>& x) noexcept {
        return is >> x.val;
    }
    static constexpr Modnum<MOD> modpow(const Modnum &x, lli n) noexcept {
        if (n == 0) return 1;
        auto t = modpow(x, n / 2);
        t *= t;
        if (n & 1) t *= x;
        return t;
    }
    static constexpr Modnum<MOD> modinv(const Modnum &x) noexcept {
        return modpow(x, MOD - 2);
    }
};

using mi = Modnum<998244353>;
#define int long long int
// struct S{
//     bool operator<(const S& x) const {
//         return ;
//     }
// };
signed main() {
    int N; cin >> N;
    vector<int> D(N); cin >> D;

    if (D[0] != 0) {
        cout << 0 << endl;
        return 0;
    }

    vector<int> Cnt(N, 0);
    rep(i, N) {
        Cnt[D[i]]++;
    }
    repx(i, 2, N, 1) {
        if ((D[i] != 0 && D[i - 1] == 0) || D[i] >= N) {
            cout << 0 << endl;
            return 0;
        }
    }
    dump(Cnt);

    mi ans(1);
    repx(i, 2, N, 1) {
        if (Cnt[i] == 0) break;
        ans *= mi::modpow(mi(Cnt[i - 1]), Cnt[i]);
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}


Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'constexpr std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, const Modnum<MOD>&)':
a.cc:178:19: error: no match for 'operator>>' (operand types are 'std::istream' {aka 'std::basic_istream<char>'} and 'const lli' {aka 'const long long int'})
  178 |         return is >> x.val;
      |                ~~ ^~ ~~~~~
      |                |       |
      |                |       const lli {aka const long long int}
      |                std::istream {aka std::basic_istream<char>}
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/iostream:42,
                 from a.cc:4:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:170:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(bool&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  170 |       operator>>(bool& __n)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:170:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:174:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(short int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]' (near match)
  174 |       operator>>(short& __n);
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:174:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:177:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(short unsigned int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  177 |       operator>>(unsigned short& __n)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:177:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:181:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]' (near match)
  181 |       operator>>(int& __n);
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:181:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:184:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(unsigned int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  184 |       operator>>(unsigned int& __n)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:184:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:188:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  188 |       operator>>(long& __n)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:188:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:192:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long unsigned int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  192 |       operator>>(unsigned long& __n)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:192:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:203:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long long unsigned int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  203 |       operator>>(unsigned long long& __n)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:203:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:219:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(float&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  219 |       operator>>(float& __f)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:219:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:223:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(double&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  223 |       operator>>(double& __f)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:223:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:227:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long double&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  227 |       operator>>(long double& __f)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:227:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:328:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(void*&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  328 |       operator>>(void*& __p)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:328:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:122:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(__istream_type& (*)(__istream_type&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  122 |       operator>>(__istream_type& (*__pf)(__istream_type&))
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:122:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:126:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(__ios_type& (*)(__ios_type&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>; __ios_type = std::basic_ios<char>]' (near match)
  126 |       operator>>(__ios_type& (*__pf)(__ios_type&))
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:126:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:133:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  133 |       operator>>(ios_base& (*__pf)(ios_base&))
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:133:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:199:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long long int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]' (near match)
  199 |       operator>>(long long& __n)
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:199:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:352:7: note: candidate: 'std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(__streambuf_type*) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; __streambuf_type = std::basic_streambuf<char>]' (near match)
  352 |       operator>>(__streambuf_type* __sb);
      |       ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/istream:352:7: note:   conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed:
a.cc:178:19: note: candidate: 'operator>>(int, lli {aka long long int})' (built-in)
  178 |         return is >> x.val;
      |                ~~~^~~~~~~~
a.cc:178:19: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::istream' {aka 'std::basic_istream<char>'} to 'int'
a.cc:41:10: note: candidate: 'template<class T> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, std::vector<_Tp>&)'
   41 | istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &vec) {
      |          ^~~~~~~~
a.cc:41:10: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:178:24: note:   mismatched types 'std::vector<_Tp>' and 'const lli' {aka 'const long long int'}
  178 |         return is >> x.val;
      |                        ^~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/string:55,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/ios_base.h:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/ios:44,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/ostream:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/iostream:41:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/basic_string.tcc:835:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&, __cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&)'
  835 |     operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __in,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/basic_string.tcc:835:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:178:24: note:   mismatched types 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>' and 'const lli' {aka 'const long long int'}
  178 |         return is >> x.val;
      |                        ^~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/memory_resource.h:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/string:68:
/usr/include/c++/14/cstddef:131:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IntegerType> constexpr std::__byte_op_t<_IntegerType> std::operator>>(byte, _IntegerType)'
  131 |     operator>>(byte __b, _IntegerType __shift) noexcept
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/cstddef:131:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:178:16: note:   cannot convert 'is' (type 'std::istream' {aka 'std::basic_istream<char>'}) to type 'std::byte'
  1