Language: C++

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <math.h>
#include <set>
#include <random>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cassert>
#define FOR(i, n, m) for(ll i = n; i < (int)m; i++)
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i, 0, n)
#define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define pb push_back
using namespace std;
using ll = std::int_fast64_t;
using P = pair<ll, ll>;
constexpr ll inf = 1000000000;
constexpr ll mod = 1000000007;
constexpr long double eps = 1e-15;

template<typename T1, typename T2>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, pair<T1, T2> p) {
    os << to_string(p.first) << " " << to_string(p.second);
    return os;
}
template<typename T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, vector<T>& v) {
    REP(i, v.size()) {
        if(i) os << " ";
        os << to_string(v[i]);
    }
    return os;
}

struct modint {
    ll n;
public:
    modint(const ll n = 0) : n((n % mod + mod) % mod) {}
    static modint pow(modint a, int m) {
        modint r = 1;
        while(m > 0) {
            if(m & 1) { r *= a; }
            a = (a * a); m /= 2;
        }
        return r;
    }
    modint &operator++() { *this += 1; return *this; }
    modint &operator--() { *this -= 1; return *this; }
    modint operator++(int) { modint ret = *this; *this += 1; return ret; }
    modint operator--(int) { modint ret = *this; *this -= 1; return ret; }
    modint operator~() const { return (this -> pow(n, mod - 2)); } // inverse
    friend bool operator==(const modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        return lhs.n == rhs.n;
    }
    friend bool operator<(const modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        return lhs.n < rhs.n;
    }
    friend bool operator>(const modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        return lhs.n > rhs.n;
    }
    friend modint &operator+=(modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        lhs.n += rhs.n;
        if (lhs.n >= mod) lhs.n -= mod;
        return lhs;
    }
    friend modint &operator-=(modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        lhs.n -= rhs.n;
        if (lhs.n < 0) lhs.n += mod;
        return lhs;
    }
    friend modint &operator*=(modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        lhs.n = (lhs.n * rhs.n) % mod;
        return lhs;
    }
    friend modint &operator/=(modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        lhs.n = (lhs.n * (~rhs).n) % mod;
        return lhs;
    }
    friend modint operator+(const modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        return modint(lhs.n + rhs.n);
    }
    friend modint operator-(const modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        return modint(lhs.n - rhs.n);
    }
    friend modint operator*(const modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        return modint(lhs.n * rhs.n);
    }
    friend modint operator/(const modint& lhs, const modint& rhs) {
        return modint(lhs.n * (~rhs).n);
    }
};
istream& operator>>(istream& is, modint m) { is >> m.n; return is; }
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, modint m) { os << m.n; return os; }

#define MAX_N 3030303
long long extgcd(long long a, long long b, long long& x, long long& y) {
    long long d = a;
    if (b != 0) {
        d = extgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
        y -= (a / b) * x;
    } else {
        x = 1; y = 0;
    }
    return d;
}
long long mod_inverse(long long a, long long m) {
    long long x, y;
    if(extgcd(a, m, x, y) == 1) return (m + x % m) % m;
    else return -1;
}
vector<long long> fact(MAX_N+1, inf);
long long mod_fact(long long n, long long& e) {
    if(fact[0] == inf) {
        fact[0]=1;
        if(MAX_N != 0) fact[1]=1;
        for(ll i = 2; i <= MAX_N; ++i) {
            fact[i] = (fact[i-1] * i) % mod;
        }
    }
    e = 0;
    if(n == 0) return 1;
    long long res = mod_fact(n / mod, e);
    e += n / mod;
    if((n / mod) % 2 != 0) return (res * (mod - fact[n % mod])) % mod;
    return (res * fact[n % mod]) % mod;
}
// return nCk
long long mod_comb(long long n, long long k) {
    if(n < 0 || k < 0 || n < k) return 0;
    long long e1, e2, e3;
    long long a1 = mod_fact(n, e1), a2 = mod_fact(k, e2), a3 = mod_fact(n - k, e3);
    if(e1 > e2 + e3) return 0;
    return (a1 * mod_inverse((a2 * a3) % mod, mod)) % mod;
}

using mi = modint;

mi mod_pow(ll a, ll n) {
    mi ret = 1;
    mi tmp = a;
    while(n > 0) {
        if(n % 2) ret *= tmp;
        tmp = tmp * tmp;
        n /= 2;
    }
    return ret;
}

ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {
    if (b == 0) return a;
    return gcd(b, a % b);
}

template <typename T> struct segment_tree {
private:
    int n;
    const function<T(T, T)> op;
    const T ie;
    vector<T> seq;
    
public:
    segment_tree(int _n, function<T(T, T)> op, const T ie) : op(op), ie(ie) {
        n = 1;
        while(n < _n) n *= 2;
        seq.resize(2 * n - 1);
        for(int i = 0; i < 2 * n - 1; i++) seq[i] = ie;
    }
    
    void update(int k, const T e) {
        k += n - 1;
        seq[k] = e;
        while(k > 0) {
            k = (k - 1) / 2;
            seq[k] = op(seq[k * 2 + 1], seq[k * 2 + 2]);
        }
    }
    
    T get(int k) {
        k += n - 1;
        return seq[k];
    }
    
    T query(int a, int b, int k = 0, int l = 0, int r = -1) {
        if(r == -1) r = n;
        if(r <= a || b <= l) return ie;
        if(a <= l && r <= b) return seq[k];
        T vl = query(a, b, k * 2 + 1, l, (l + r) / 2);
        T vr = query(a, b, k * 2 + 2, (l + r) / 2, r);
        return op(vl, vr);
    }
};
// segment_tree<ll> rsq(n, [] (ll a, ll b) { return a + b; }, 0)
// segment_tree<ll> rMq(n, [] (ll a, ll b) { return max(a, b); }, -1e18)
// segment_tree<ll> rmq(n, [] (ll a, ll b) { return min(a, b); }, 1e18)

int rando() {
    static random_device rd;
    static mt19937 mt(rd());
    return abs((int)mt());
}

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    vector<int> p(n);
    REP(i, n) cin >> p[i];
    segment_tree<int> rMq(n, [] (int a, int b) { return max(a, b); }, -1e9);
    segment_tree<int> rmq(n, [] (int a, int b) { return min(a, b); }, 1e9);
    REP(i, n) {
        rMq.update(i, p[i]);
        rmq.update(i, p[i]);
    }
    vector<int> b;
    REP(i, n - 1) {
        if(p[i] > p[i + 1]) b.pb(1);
        else b.pb(0);
    }
    vector<int> randoo(n - 1);
    REP(i, n - 1) {
        randoo[i] = rando();
    }
    set<int> s;
    int xxx = 0;
    REP(i, n - 1) {
        if(b[i] == 1) xxx ^= randoo[i];
    }
    int r = -1;
    ll ans = 0;
    REP(i, n - 1) {
        if(i + k - 2 >= n - 1) break;
        while(r < i + k - 2) {
            r++;
            if(b[r] == 1) xxx ^= randoo[r];
        }
        int tmp1 = rMq.query(i, r + 2), tmp2 = rmq.query(i, r + 2);
        if(r < n - 2 && tmp1 > p[r + 2] && b[r + 1] == 0) {
            ans++;
        } else if(i && tmp2 < p[i - 1] && b[i - 1] == 0) {
            ans++;
        } else {
            s.insert(xxx);
        }
        if(b[i] == 1) {
            xxx ^= randoo[i];
        }
    }
    cout << ans + (int)s.size() << endl;
    return 0;
}



Compiler output:
a.cc:158:11: error: 'function' does not name a type; did you mean 'union'?
  158 |     const function<T(T, T)> op;
      |           ^~~~~~~~
      |           union
a.cc:163:26: error: 'function' has not been declared
  163 |     segment_tree(int _n, function<T(T, T)> op, const T ie) : op(op), ie(ie) {
      |                          ^~~~~~~~
a.cc:163:34: error: expected ',' or '...' before '<' token
  163 |     segment_tree(int _n, function<T(T, T)> op, const T ie) : op(op), ie(ie) {
      |                                  ^
a.cc: In constructor 'segment_tree<T>::segment_tree(int, int)':
a.cc:163:62: error: class 'segment_tree<T>' does not have any field named 'op'
  163 |     segment_tree(int _n, function<T(T, T)> op, const T ie) : op(op), ie(ie) {
      |                                                              ^~
a.cc:163:65: error: 'op' was not declared in this scope
  163 |     segment_tree(int _n, function<T(T, T)> op, const T ie) : op(op), ie(ie) {
      |                                                                 ^~
a.cc: In function 'int main()':
a.cc:210:75: error: no matching function for call to 'segment_tree<int>::segment_tree(int&, main()::<lambda(int, int)>, double)'
  210 |     segment_tree<int> rMq(n, [] (int a, int b) { return max(a, b); }, -1e9);
      |                                                                           ^
a.cc:163:5: note: candidate: 'segment_tree<T>::segment_tree(int, int) [with T = int]'
  163 |     segment_tree(int _n, function<T(T, T)> op, const T ie) : op(op), ie(ie) {
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:163:5: note:   candidate expects 2 arguments, 3 provided
a.cc:155:30: note: candidate: 'segment_tree<int>::segment_tree(const segment_tree<int>&)'
  155 | template <typename T> struct segment_tree {
      |                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:155:30: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 3 provided
a.cc:155:30: note: candidate: 'segment_tree<int>::segment_tree(segment_tree<int>&&)'
a.cc:155:30: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 3 provided
a.cc:211:74: error: no matching function for call to 'segment_tree<int>::segment_tree(int&, main()::<lambda(int, int)>, double)'
  211 |     segment_tree<int> rmq(n, [] (int a, int b) { return min(a, b); }, 1e9);
      |                                                                          ^
a.cc:163:5: note: candidate: 'segment_tree<T>::segment_tree(int, int) [with T = int]'
  163 |     segment_tree(int _n, function<T(T, T)> op, const T ie) : op(op), ie(ie) {
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:163:5: note:   candidate expects 2 arguments, 3 provided
a.cc:155:30: note: candidate: 'segment_tree<int>::segment_tree(const segment_tree<int>&)'
  155 | template <typename T> struct segment_tree {
      |                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:155:30: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 3 provided
a.cc:155:30: note: candidate: 'segment_tree<int>::segment_tree(segment_tree<int>&&)'
a.cc:155:30: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 3 provided
a.cc: In instantiation of 'void segment_tree<T>::update(int, T) [with T = int]':
a.cc:213:19:   required from here
  213 |         rMq.update(i, p[i]);
      |         ~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
a.cc:175:24: error: 'op' was not declared in this scope
  175 |             seq[k] = op(seq[k * 2 + 1], seq[k * 2 + 2]);
      |                      ~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc: In instantiation of 'T segment_tree<T>::query(int, int, int, int, int) [with T = int]':
a.cc:238:29:   required from here
  238 |         int tmp1 = rMq.query(i, r + 2), tmp2 = rmq.query(i, r + 2);
      |                    ~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:190:18: error: 'op' was not declared in this scope
  190 |         return op(vl, vr);
      |                ~~^~~~~~~~