Language: C++

#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
#define $(x) (int)((x).size())
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
#define endl '\n'
#define x first
#define y second
#define int long long
#define double long double
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define pb push_back
#define vec vector
#define beg begin
#define dbg(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << endl;
 
template<class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream &str, vector<T> &a) {
    for (auto &i : a) {
        str << i << " ";
    }
    return str;
}
 
template<class T> istream& operator>>(istream &str, vector<T> &a) {
    for (auto &i : a) {
        str >> i;
    }
    return str;
}
 
template<class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream &str, pair<T, T> &a) {
    str << a.first << " " << a.second;
    return str;
}
 
template<class T> istream& operator>>(istream &str, pair<T, T> &a) {
    str >> a.first >> a.second;
    return str;
}
 
void solve(); signed main() {
#ifdef LOCAL
    freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
    freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif
    srand(time(0));
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
    cout.setf(ios::fixed); cout.precision(6);
    solve();    
    return 0;   
}
 
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7, MAXN = 5e5 + 10, INF = 2e9 + 10, BASE = 37; 

int bin_pow(int num, int n, int mod) {
    if (n == 0) {
        return 1;
    }
    if (n & 1) {
        return num * bin_pow(num, n - 1, mod) % mod;
    }
    else {
        int tmp = bin_pow(num, n / 2, mod);
        return tmp * tmp % mod;
    }
}

void solve() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    int cnt = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (s[i] == '1') {
            cnt++;
        }
    }
    int mod1 = cnt - 1, mod2 = cnt, mod3 = cnt + 1;

    if (mod1 == -1) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (s[i] == '1') {
                cout << 0 << endl;
            }
            else cout << 1 << endl;
        }
        return;
    }

    vec<int> s1(n + 1), s2(n + 1), s3(n + 1);
    vec<int> p1(n + 1), p2(n + 1), p3(n + 1);
    if (s[0] == '1') {
        if (mod1 > 0)
        p1[n - 1] = bin_pow(2, n - 1, mod1);
        p2[n - 1] = bin_pow(2, n - 1, mod2);
        p3[n - 1] = bin_pow(2, n - 1, mod3);
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
        p1[n - i - 1] = p1[n - i];
        if (s[i] == '1') {
            if (mod1 > 0)
            p1[n - i - 1] = (p1[n - i - 1] + bin_pow(2, n - i - 1, mod1)) % mod1;
        }

        p2[n - i - 1] = p2[n - i];
        if (s[i] == '1') {
            p2[n - i - 1] = (p2[n - i - 1] + bin_pow(2, n - i - 1, mod2)) % mod2;
        }

        p3[n - i - 1] = p3[n - i];
        if (s[i] == '1') {
            p3[n - i - 1] = (p3[n - i - 1] + bin_pow(2, n - i - 1, mod3)) % mod3;
        }
    }

    if (s[n - 1] == '1') {
        if (mod1 > 0)
        s1[0] = 1 % mod1;
        s2[0] = 1 % mod2;
        s3[0] = 1 % mod3;
    }
    for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
        s1[n - i - 1] = s1[n - i - 2];
        if (s[i] == '1') {
            if (mod1 > 0)
            s1[n - i - 1] = (s1[n - i - 1] + bin_pow(2, n - i - 1, mod1)) % mod1;
        }

        s2[n - i - 1] = s2[n - i - 2];
        if (s[i] == '1') {
            s2[n - i - 1] = (s2[n - i - 1] + bin_pow(2, n - i - 1, mod2)) % mod2;
        }

        s3[n - i - 1] = s3[n - i - 2];
        if (s[i] == '1') {
            s3[n - i - 1] = (s3[n - i - 1] + bin_pow(2, n - i - 1, mod3)) % mod3;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int p = n - i - 1;
        int sum = 0;
        if (s[i] == '0') {
            sum = (bin_pow(2, p, mod3) + (p + 1 == n ? 0 : p3[p + 1]) + (p - 1 >= 0 ? s3[p - 1] : 0)) % mod3;
        }
        else {  
            if (mod1 == 0) {
                sum = 0;
            }
            else sum = ((p + 1 == n ? 0 : p1[p + 1]) + (p - 1 >= 0 ? s1[p - 1] : 0)) % mod1;
        }
        if (sum != 0)
        int ans = 1; 
        int x = sum;
        while (x > 0) {
            ans++;
            x %= __builtin_popcount(x);
        }
        cout << ans << endl;
    }
}

Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'void solve()':
a.cc:159:13: error: 'ans' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'abs'?
  159 |             ans++;
      |             ^~~
      |             abs
a.cc:162:17: error: 'ans' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'abs'?
  162 |         cout << ans << endl;
      |                 ^~~
      |                 abs