Language: C++

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
inline int read()
{
    int x = 0;
    char ch = getchar();
    while (ch < '0' || ch > '9')
    {
        ch = getchar();
    }
    while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
    {
        x = x * 10 + ch - '0';
        ch = getchar();
    }
    return x;
}
int n, m, mx;
int a[500005], nxt[500005], t[500005];
int p[1000005];
struct data
{
    int l, r, id, ans;
} q[500005];
bool cmp1(data a, data b)
{
    return a.l == b.l ? a.r < b.r : a.l < b.l;
}
bool cmp2(data a, data b)
{
    return a.id < b.id;
}
int lowbit(int x) { return x & (-x); }
void update(int x, int v)
{
    for (int i = x; i <= n; i += lowbit(i))
        t[i] += v;
}
int ask(int x)
{
    int tmp = 0;
    for (int i = x; i > 0; i -= lowbit(i))
        tmp += t[i];
    return tmp;
}
int main()
{
    n = read();
    m = read();
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        a[i] = read(), mx = max(mx, a[i]);
    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--)
        nxt[i] = p[a[i]], p[a[i]] = i;
    for (int i = 1; i <= mx; i++)
        if (p[i])
            update(p[i], 1);
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
        q[i].l = read(), q[i].r = read(), q[i].id = i;
    sort(q + 1, q + m + 1, cmp1);
    int l = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
    {
        while (l < q[i].l)
        {
            if (nxt[l])
                update(nxt[l], 1);
            l++;
        }
        q[i].ans = ask(q[i].r) - ask(q[i].l - 1);
    }
    sort(q + 1, q + m + 1, cmp2);
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
        printf("%d\n", q[i].ans);
    return 0;
}

Compiler output:
a.cc:28:11: error: reference to 'data' is ambiguous
   28 | bool cmp1(data a, data b)
      |           ^~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/string:53,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/ios_base.h:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/ios:44,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/ostream:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/iostream:41,
                 from a.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:344:5: note: candidates are: 'template<class _Tp> constexpr const _Tp* std::data(initializer_list<_Tp>)'
  344 |     data(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:334:5: note:                 'template<class _Tp, long unsigned int _Nm> constexpr _Tp* std::data(_Tp (&)[_Nm])'
  334 |     data(_Tp (&__array)[_Nm]) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:323:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.data()) std::data(const _Container&)'
  323 |     data(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:312:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.data()) std::data(_Container&)'
  312 |     data(_Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
      |     ^~~~
a.cc:24:8: note:                 'struct data'
   24 | struct data
      |        ^~~~
a.cc:28:19: error: reference to 'data' is ambiguous
   28 | bool cmp1(data a, data b)
      |                   ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:344:5: note: candidates are: 'template<class _Tp> constexpr const _Tp* std::data(initializer_list<_Tp>)'
  344 |     data(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:334:5: note:                 'template<class _Tp, long unsigned int _Nm> constexpr _Tp* std::data(_Tp (&)[_Nm])'
  334 |     data(_Tp (&__array)[_Nm]) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:323:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.data()) std::data(const _Container&)'
  323 |     data(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:312:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.data()) std::data(_Container&)'
  312 |     data(_Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
      |     ^~~~
a.cc:24:8: note:                 'struct data'
   24 | struct data
      |        ^~~~
a.cc:28:25: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
   28 | bool cmp1(data a, data b)
      |                         ^
a.cc:32:11: error: reference to 'data' is ambiguous
   32 | bool cmp2(data a, data b)
      |           ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:344:5: note: candidates are: 'template<class _Tp> constexpr const _Tp* std::data(initializer_list<_Tp>)'
  344 |     data(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:334:5: note:                 'template<class _Tp, long unsigned int _Nm> constexpr _Tp* std::data(_Tp (&)[_Nm])'
  334 |     data(_Tp (&__array)[_Nm]) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:323:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.data()) std::data(const _Container&)'
  323 |     data(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:312:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.data()) std::data(_Container&)'
  312 |     data(_Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
      |     ^~~~
a.cc:24:8: note:                 'struct data'
   24 | struct data
      |        ^~~~
a.cc:32:19: error: reference to 'data' is ambiguous
   32 | bool cmp2(data a, data b)
      |                   ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:344:5: note: candidates are: 'template<class _Tp> constexpr const _Tp* std::data(initializer_list<_Tp>)'
  344 |     data(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:334:5: note:                 'template<class _Tp, long unsigned int _Nm> constexpr _Tp* std::data(_Tp (&)[_Nm])'
  334 |     data(_Tp (&__array)[_Nm]) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:323:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.data()) std::data(const _Container&)'
  323 |     data(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:312:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.data()) std::data(_Container&)'
  312 |     data(_Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
      |     ^~~~
a.cc:24:8: note:                 'struct data'
   24 | struct data
      |        ^~~~
a.cc:32:25: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
   32 | bool cmp2(data a, data b)
      |                         ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:71,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/string:51:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of 'constexpr bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_iter<_Compare>::operator()(_Iterator1, _Iterator2) [with _Iterator1 = data*; _Iterator2 = data*; _Compare = bool]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1777:14:   required from 'void std::__insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = data*; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_iter<bool>]'
 1777 |           if (__comp(__i, __first))
      |               ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1817:25:   required from 'void std::__final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = data*; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_iter<bool>]'
 1817 |           std::__insertion_sort(__first, __first + int(_S_threshold), __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1908:31:   required from 'void std::__sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = data*; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_iter<bool>]'
 1908 |           std::__final_insertion_sort(__first, __last, __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:4805:18:   required from 'void std::sort(_RAIter, _RAIter, _Compare) [with _RAIter = data*; _Compare = bool]'
 4805 |       std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_comp_iter(__comp));
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:62:9:   required from here
   62 |     sort(q + 1, q + m + 1, cmp1);
      |     ~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:158:30: error: expression cannot be used as a function
  158 |         { return bool(_M_comp(*__it1, *__it2)); }
      |                       ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of 'bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Val_comp_iter<_Compare>::operator()(_Value&, _Iterator) [with _Value = data; _Iterator = data*; _Compare = bool]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1757:20:   required from 'void std::__unguarded_linear_insert(_RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = data*; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Val_comp_iter<bool>]'
 1757 |       while (__comp(__val, __next))
      |              ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1785:36:   required from 'void std::__insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = data*; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_iter<bool>]'
 1785 |             std::__unguarded_linear_insert(__i,
      |             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~
 1786 |                                 __gnu_cxx::__ops::__val_comp_iter(__comp));
      |                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1817:25:   required from 'void std::__final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = data*; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_iter<bool>]'
 1817 |           std::__insertion_sort(__first, __first + int(_S_threshold), __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1908:31:   required from 'void std::__sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = data*; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_iter<bool>]'
 1908 |           std::__final_insertion_sort(__first, __last, __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:4805:18:   required from 'void std::sort(_RAIter, _RAIter, _Compare) [with _RAIter = data*; _Compare = bool]'
 4805 |       std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_comp_iter(__comp));
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:62:9:   required from here
   62 |     sort(q + 1, q + m + 1, cmp1);
      |     ~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:240:30: error: expression cannot be used as a function
  240 |         { return bool(_M_comp(__val, *__it)); }
      |                       ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of 'bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_val<_Compare>::operator()(_Iterator, _Value&) [with _Iterator = data*; _Value = data; _Compare = bool]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_heap.h:140:48:   required from 'void std::__push_heap(_RandomAccessIterator, _Distance, _Distance, _Tp, _Compare&) [with _RandomAccessIterator = data*; _Distance = long int; _Tp = data; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_comp_val<bool>]'