Language: C++

#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
typedef complex<double> Point;
typedef Point Vector;
const double EPS = 1e-10;
const int COUNTER_CLOCKWISE = 1;
const int CLOCKWISE = -1;
const int ONLINE_BACK = 2;
const int ONLINE_FRONT = -2;
const int ON_SEGMENT = 0;
const int IN = 2;
const int ON = 1;
const int OUT = 0;
struct Segment {
	Point p1, p2;
	Segment(Point p1, Point p2) :p1(p1), p2(p2) {}
};
typedef Segment Line;
struct Circle {
	Point c;
	double r;
	Circle(Point c = Point(), double r = 0.0) :c(c), r(r) {}
};
typedef vector<Point> Polygon;

inline double equals(double a, double b);
inline double dot(Vector a, Vector b);
inline double cross(Vector a, Vector b);
inline bool isOrthogonal(Vector a, Vector b);
inline bool isParallel(Vector a, Vector b);
Point project(Segment s, Point p);
Point reflect(Segment s, Point p);
int ccw(Point p0, Point p1, Point p2);
bool intersect(Segment s1, Segment s2);
bool intersect(Circle c, Line l);
bool intersect(Circle c1, Circle c2);
double getDistanceLP(Line l, Point p);
double getDistanceSP(Segment s, Point p);
double getDistance(Segment s1, Segment s2);
Point getCrossPoint(Segment s1, Segment s2);
pair<Point, Point> getCrossPoints(Circle c, Line l);
pair<Point, Point> getCrossPoints(Circle c1, Circle c2);
int contains(Polygon g, Point p);
Polygon andrewScan(Polygon s);

inline double equals(double a, double b) {
	return fabs(a - b) < EPS;
}
bool operator<(const Point &p1, const Point &p2) {
	return p1.real() != p2.real() ? p1.real() < p2.real() : p1.imag() < p2.imag();
}
bool operator==(const Point &p1, const Point &p2) {
	return equals(p1.real(), p2.real()) && equals(p1.imag(), p2.imag());
}
inline double dot(Vector a, Vector b) {
	return a.real()*b.real() + a.imag()*b.imag();
}
inline double cross(Vector a, Vector b) {
	return a.real()*b.imag() - a.imag()*b.real();
}
inline bool isOrthogonal(Vector a, Vector b) {
	return equals(dot(a, b), 0.0);
}
inline bool isParallel(Vector a, Vector b) {
	return equals(cross(a, b), 0.0);
}
Point project(Segment s, Point p) {
	Vector base = s.p2 - s.p1;
	double r = dot(p - s.p1, base) / norm(base);
	return s.p1 + base*r;
}
Point reflect(Segment s, Point p) {
	return p + (project(s, p) - p)*2.0;
}
int ccw(Point p0, Point p1, Point p2) {
	Vector a = p1 - p0;
	Vector b = p2 - p0;
	if (cross(a, b) > EPS) return COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
	if (cross(a, b) < -EPS) return CLOCKWISE;
	if (dot(a, b) < -EPS) return ONLINE_BACK;
	if (norm(a) < norm(b)) return ONLINE_FRONT;
	return ON_SEGMENT;
}
bool intersect(Segment s1, Segment s2) {
	return (ccw(s1.p1, s1.p2, s2.p1)*ccw(s1.p1, s1.p2, s2.p2) <= 0 &&
		ccw(s2.p1, s2.p2, s1.p1)*ccw(s2.p1, s2.p2, s1.p2) <= 0);
}
bool intersect(Circle c, Line l) {
	return getDistanceLP(l, c.c) <= c.r;
}
bool intersect(Circle c1, Circle c2) {
	return abs(c1.c - c2.c) <= c1.r + c2.r;
}
double getDistanceLP(Line l, Point p) {
	return abs(cross(l.p2 - l.p1, p - l.p1) / abs(l.p2 - l.p1));
}
double getDistanceSP(Segment s, Point p) {
	if (dot(s.p2 - s.p1, p - s.p1) < 0.0) return abs(p - s.p1);
	if (dot(s.p1 - s.p2, p - s.p2) < 0.0) return abs(p - s.p2);
	return getDistanceLP(s, p);
}
double getDistance(Segment s1, Segment s2) {
	if (intersect(s1, s2)) return 0.0;
	return min(min(getDistanceSP(s1, s2.p1), getDistanceSP(s1, s2.p2)),
		min(getDistanceSP(s2, s1.p1), getDistanceSP(s2, s1.p2)));
}
Point getCrossPoint(Segment s1, Segment s2) {
	assert(intersect(s1, s2));
	Vector base = s2.p2 - s2.p1;
	double d1 = abs(cross(base, s1.p1 - s2.p1));
	double d2 = abs(cross(base, s1.p2 - s2.p1));
	double t = d1 / (d1 + d2);
	return s1.p1 + (s1.p2 - s1.p1)*t;
}
pair<Point, Point> getCrossPoints(Circle c, Line l) {
	assert(intersect(c, l));
	Vector pr = project(l, c.c);
	Vector e = (l.p2 - l.p1) / abs(l.p2 - l.p1);
	double base = sqrt(c.r*c.r - norm(pr - c.c));
	return make_pair(pr + e*base, pr - e*base);
}
pair<Point, Point> getCrossPoints(Circle c1, Circle c2) {
	assert(intersect(c1, c2));
	double d = abs(c1.c - c2.c);
	double a = acos((c1.r*c1.r + d*d - c2.r*c2.r) / (2 * c1.r*d));
	double t = arg(c2.c - c1.c);
	return make_pair(c1.c + polar(c1.r, t + a), c1.c + polar(c1.r, t - a));
}
int contains(Polygon g, Point p) {
	int n = g.size();
	bool x = false;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		Point a = g[i] - p, b = g[(i + 1) % n] - p;
		if (abs(cross(a, b)) < EPS && dot(a, b) < EPS) return 1;
		if (a.imag() > b.imag()) swap(a, b);
		if (a.imag() < EPS && EPS<b.imag() && cross(a, b)>EPS) x = !x;
	}
	return x ? 2 : 0;
}
Polygon andrewScan(Polygon s) {
	Polygon u, l;
	if (s.size() < 3) return s;
	sort(s.begin(), s.end());
	u.push_back(s[0]);
	u.push_back(s[1]);
	l.push_back(s[s.size() - 1]);
	l.push_back(s[s.size() - 2]);
	for (int i = 2; i < s.size(); i++) {
		for (int n = u.size(); n >= 2 && ccw(u[n - 2], u[n - 1], s[i]) != CLOCKWISE; n--) {
			u.pop_back();
		}
		u.push_back(s[i]);
	}
	for (int i = s.size() - 3; i >= 0; i--) {
		for (int n = l.size(); n >= 2 && ccw(l[n - 2], l[n - 1], s[i]) != CLOCKWISE; n--) {
			l.pop_back();
		}
		l.push_back(s[i]);
	}
	reverse(l.begin(), l.end());
	for (int i = u.size() - 2; i >= 1; i--) l.push_back(u[i]);
	return l;
}

int main() {
	int x, y;
	cin >> x >> y;
	Point p1(x, y);
	cin >> x >> y;
	Point p2(x, y);
	Segment s(p1, p2);
	int q;
	cin >> q;
	for (int i = 0; i < q; i++) {
		cin >> x >> y;
		Point p(x, y);
		Point a = project(s, p);
		printf("%.15lf %.15lf\n", a.real(), a.imag());
	}
}


Compiler output:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:71,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:60,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:51,
                 from a.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of 'constexpr bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter::operator()(_Iterator1, _Iterator2) const [with _Iterator1 = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::complex<double>*, std::vector<std::complex<double> > >; _Iterator2 = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::complex<double>*, std::vector<std::complex<double> > >]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1777:14:   required from 'void std::__insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<complex<double>*, vector<complex<double> > >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1777 |           if (__comp(__i, __first))
      |               ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1817:25:   required from 'void std::__final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<complex<double>*, vector<complex<double> > >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1817 |           std::__insertion_sort(__first, __first + int(_S_threshold), __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1908:31:   required from 'void std::__sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<complex<double>*, vector<complex<double> > >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1908 |           std::__final_insertion_sort(__first, __last, __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:4772:18:   required from 'void std::sort(_RAIter, _RAIter) [with _RAIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<complex<double>*, vector<complex<double> > >]'
 4772 |       std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_less_iter());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:144:6:   required from here
  144 |         sort(s.begin(), s.end());
      |         ~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: error: no match for 'operator<' (operand types are 'std::complex<double>' and 'std::complex<double>')
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:67:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1241:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR, class _Container> bool __gnu_cxx::operator<(const __normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>&, const __normal_iterator<_IteratorR, _Container>&)'
 1241 |     operator<(const __normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1241:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1249:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Iterator, class _Container> bool __gnu_cxx::operator<(const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>&, const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>&)'
 1249 |     operator<(const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1249:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/regex:68,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:181:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1143:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _BiIter> bool std::__cxx11::operator<(const sub_match<_BiIter>&, const sub_match<_BiIter>&)'
 1143 |     operator<(const sub_match<_BiIter>& __lhs, const sub_match<_BiIter>& __rhs)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1143:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::sub_match<_BiIter>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1224:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Bi_iter, class _Ch_traits, class _Ch_alloc> bool std::__cxx11::operator<(__sub_match_string<_Bi_iter, _Ch_traits, _Ch_alloc>&, const sub_match<_BiIter>&)'
 1224 |     operator<(const __sub_match_string<_Bi_iter, _Ch_traits, _Ch_alloc>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1224:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'std::__cxx11::__sub_match_string<_Bi_iter, _Ch_traits, _Ch_alloc>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1317:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Bi_iter, class _Ch_traits, class _Ch_alloc> bool std::__cxx11::operator<(const sub_match<_BiIter>&, __sub_match_string<_Bi_iter, _Ch_traits, _Ch_alloc>&)'
 1317 |     operator<(const sub_match<_Bi_iter>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1317:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::sub_match<_BiIter>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1391:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Bi_iter> bool std::__cxx11::operator<(const typename std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*, const sub_match<_BiIter>&)'
 1391 |     operator<(typename iterator_traits<_Bi_iter>::value_type const* __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1391:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::sub_match<_BiIter>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1485:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Bi_iter> bool std::__cxx11::operator<(const sub_match<_BiIter>&, const typename std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*)'
 1485 |     operator<(const sub_match<_Bi_iter>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1485:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::sub_match<_BiIter>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1560:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Bi_iter> bool std::__cxx11::operator<(const typename std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type&, const sub_match<_BiIter>&)'
 1560 |     operator<(typename iterator_traits<_Bi_iter>::value_type const& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1560:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::sub_match<_BiIter>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1660:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Bi_iter> bool std::__cxx11::operator<(const sub_match<_BiIter>&, const typename std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type&)'
 1660 |     operator<(const sub_match<_Bi_iter>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/regex.h:1660:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::sub_match<_BiIter>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:64:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_pair.h:1045:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _T1, class _T2> constexpr bool std::operator<(const pair<_T1, _T2>&, const pair<_T1, _T2>&)'
 1045 |     operator<(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_pair.h:1045:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const std::pair<_T1, _T2>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:448:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Iterator> constexpr bool std::operator<(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&)'
  448 |     operator<(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:448:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not derived from 'const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:493:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr bool std::operator<(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const reverse_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
  493 |     operator<(const reverse_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:493:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<double>' is not