Language: C++

// atcoder/abc163/F/main.cpp
// author: @___Johniel
// github: https://github.com/johniel/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define each(i, c) for (auto& i : c)
#define unless(cond) if (!(cond))

using namespace std;

template<typename P, typename Q> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, pair<P, Q> p) { os << "(" << p.first << "," << p.second << ")"; return os; }
template<typename P, typename Q> istream& operator >> (istream& is, pair<P, Q>& p) { is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; }
template<typename T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, vector<T> v) { os << "("; for (auto& i: v) os << i << ","; os << ")"; return os; }
template<typename T> istream& operator >> (istream& is, vector<T>& v) { for (auto& i: v) is >> i; return is; }
template<typename T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, set<T> s) { os << "#{"; for (auto& i: s) os << i << ","; os << "}"; return os; }
template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, map<K, V> m) { os << "{"; for (auto& i: m) os << i << ","; os << "}"; return os; }

template<typename T> inline T setmax(T& a, T b) { return a = std::max(a, b); }
template<typename T> inline T setmin(T& a, T b) { return a = std::min(a, b); }

using lli = long long int;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using point = complex<double>;
using str = string;
template<typename T> using vec = vector<T>;

constexpr array<int, 8> di({0, 1, -1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1});
constexpr array<int, 8> dj({1, 0, 0, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1});
constexpr lli mod = 1e9 + 7;

const int N = 2 * 1e5 + 5;
int color[N];
vec<int> g[N];

int size[N]; // 頂点iを根とする部分木のサイズ
int rec1(int curr, int prev)
{
  int s = 1;
  each (next, g[curr]) {
    if (next == prev) continue;
    s += rec1(next, curr);
  }
  return size[curr] = s;
}

stack<lli> x[N]; // 連結成分の頂点数
lli y[N]; // iを通らないパスの本数
void rec2(int curr, int prev)
{
  stack<lli>& s = x[color[curr]];
  lli z = s.top();
  s.pop();
  s.push(z - size[curr]);

  each (next, g[curr]) {
    if (next == prev) continue;
    s.push(size[next]);
    rec2(next, curr);
    lli z = s.top();
    s.pop();
    y[color[curr]] += z * (z + 1) / 2;
  }

  return ;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
  cin.tie(0);
  cout.setf(ios_base::fixed);
  cout.precision(15);

  lli n;
  while (cin >> n) {
    fill(g, g + N, vec<int>());
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      cin >> color[i];
      --color[i];
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
      int a, b;
      cin >> a >> b;
      --a;
      --b;
      g[a].push_back(b);
      g[b].push_back(a);
    }

    map<int, lli> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      ++m[color[i]];
    }
    fill(y, y + N, 0);

    fill(x, x + N, stack<lli>());
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      x[i].push(n); // 超始点のようなものがあるとすると
    }
    rec1(0, -1);
    rec2(0, -1);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      // cout << i+1 << ' ' << (x[i].size() ? x[i].top() : -1) << ' ' << y[i] << ' ' << n-m[i] << endl;
      if (x[i].size()) {
        lli z = x[i].top();
        y[i] += z * (z + 1) / 2;
      }
      // cout << i+1 << ' ' << (x[i].size() ? x[i].top() : -1) << ' ' << y[i] << endl;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      y[i] = n * (n - 1) / 2 + n - y[i];
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      cout << y[i] << endl;
    }
    // cout << endl;
    // break;
  }

  return 0;
}


Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'int rec1(int, int)':
a.cc:44:10: error: reference to 'size' is ambiguous
   44 |   return size[curr] = s;
      |          ^~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/string:53,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bitset:52,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:52,
                 from a.cc:5:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:272:5: note: candidates are: 'template<class _Tp, long unsigned int _Nm> constexpr std::size_t std::size(const _Tp (&)[_Nm])'
  272 |     size(const _Tp (&)[_Nm]) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:262:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.size()) std::size(const _Container&)'
  262 |     size(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.size()))
      |     ^~~~
a.cc:36:5: note:                 'int size [200005]'
   36 | int size[N]; // 頂点iを根とする部分木のサイズ
      |     ^~~~
a.cc: In function 'void rec2(int, int)':
a.cc:54:14: error: reference to 'size' is ambiguous
   54 |   s.push(z - size[curr]);
      |              ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:272:5: note: candidates are: 'template<class _Tp, long unsigned int _Nm> constexpr std::size_t std::size(const _Tp (&)[_Nm])'
  272 |     size(const _Tp (&)[_Nm]) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:262:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.size()) std::size(const _Container&)'
  262 |     size(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.size()))
      |     ^~~~
a.cc:36:5: note:                 'int size [200005]'
   36 | int size[N]; // 頂点iを根とする部分木のサイズ
      |     ^~~~
a.cc:58:12: error: reference to 'size' is ambiguous
   58 |     s.push(size[next]);
      |            ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:272:5: note: candidates are: 'template<class _Tp, long unsigned int _Nm> constexpr std::size_t std::size(const _Tp (&)[_Nm])'
  272 |     size(const _Tp (&)[_Nm]) noexcept
      |     ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/range_access.h:262:5: note:                 'template<class _Container> constexpr decltype (__cont.size()) std::size(const _Container&)'
  262 |     size(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.size()))
      |     ^~~~
a.cc:36:5: note:                 'int size [200005]'
   36 | int size[N]; // 頂点iを根とする部分木のサイズ
      |     ^~~~