Language: C++

include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
using namespace std;

#define debug(var)  do{ std::cout << #var << " : "; view(var); }while(0)
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
inline int num (const std::string& S, int idx) noexcept { return S.at(idx) - '0'; }
inline int ctoi(char c) noexcept { return c - '0'; }
inline bool isNumber(char c) noexcept { return ('0'<=c && c<='9'? true : false); }
inline int safeCtoi(char c) { if(isNumber(c)) { return ctoi(c); } else { throw 1; } }
inline char itoc(int i) noexcept { return i + '0'; }
inline unsigned int bitMask(int i) noexcept { return (1 << i); }
inline bool isTrue(unsigned int bit, int i) noexcept { return bit & bitMask(i); }
inline bool isEven(int num) noexcept { return !num%2; }
inline bool isOdd(int num) noexcept { return num%2; }
template<typename T> inline short sgn(T num) noexcept { return (num==0? 0 : (num>0? 1 : -1) ); }
template<typename T> inline bool isZero(T num) noexcept { return (num==0? true : false); }
template<typename T> inline bool isPositive(T num) noexcept { return (num>0? true : false); }
template<typename T> inline bool isNegative(T num) noexcept { return (num<0? true : false); }
template<typename T> void view(T e) noexcept { cout << e; }
template<typename T> void view(std::vector<T> v) noexcept { for(const auto& e : v) cout << e << " "; }
template<typename T> void view(std::vector<std::vector<T>> vv) noexcept { for(const auto& v : vv) view(v); }

struct UnionFind {
	vector<int> par;

	UnionFind(int N) : par(N) {
		for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) par[i] = i;
	}

	int root(int x) {
		if (par[x] == x) return x;
		return par[x] = root(par[x]);
	}

	void unite(int x, int y) {
		int rx = root(x);
		int ry = root(y);
		if (rx == ry) return;
		par[rx] = ry;
	}

	bool same(int x, int y) {
		int rx = root(x);
		int ry = root(y);
		return rx == ry;
	}

};

int main(){
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	int n, m;
	cin >> n >> m;
	UnionFind uf(n);
	for (int i=0; i<m; ++i) {
		int a, b;
		cin >> a >> b;
		uf.unite(a, b);
	}
	std::set<int> roots;
	for (int i=1; i<n; ++i) {
		roots.insert( uf.root(i) );
	}
	cout << roots.size() << endl;
	return 0;
}

Compiler output:
a.cc:1:1: error: 'include' does not name a type
    1 | include <iostream>
      | ^~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:42,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/string:42,
                 from a.cc:2:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/postypes.h:68:11: error: 'ptrdiff_t' does not name a type
   68 |   typedef ptrdiff_t     streamsize; // Signed integral type
      |           ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/postypes.h:41:1: note: 'ptrdiff_t' is defined in header '<cstddef>'; this is probably fixable by adding '#include <cstddef>'
   40 | #include <cwchar> // For mbstate_t
  +++ |+#include <cstddef>
   41 | 
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:50:
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:666:33: error: 'nullptr_t' is not a member of 'std'
  666 |     struct is_null_pointer<std::nullptr_t>
      |                                 ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:666:42: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  666 |     struct is_null_pointer<std::nullptr_t>
      |                                          ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:670:48: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  670 |     struct is_null_pointer<const std::nullptr_t>
      |                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:674:51: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  674 |     struct is_null_pointer<volatile std::nullptr_t>
      |                                                   ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:678:57: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  678 |     struct is_null_pointer<const volatile std::nullptr_t>
      |                                                         ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1429:37: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'; did you mean 'size_t'?
 1429 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, alignof(_Tp)>
      |                                     ^~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/wchar.h:35,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/cwchar:44,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/postypes.h:40:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/14/include/stddef.h:214:23: note: 'size_t' declared here
  214 | typedef __SIZE_TYPE__ size_t;
      |                       ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1429:57: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1429 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, alignof(_Tp)>
      |                                                         ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1429:57: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1438:37: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'; did you mean 'size_t'?
 1438 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 0> { };
      |                                     ^~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/14/include/stddef.h:214:23: note: 'size_t' declared here
  214 | typedef __SIZE_TYPE__ size_t;
      |                       ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1438:46: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1438 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 0> { };
      |                                              ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1438:46: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1440:26: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
 1440 |   template<typename _Tp, std::size_t _Size>
      |                          ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1441:21: error: '_Size' was not declared in this scope
 1441 |     struct rank<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                     ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1441:27: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1441 |     struct rank<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                           ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1442:37: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'; did you mean 'size_t'?
 1442 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 1 + rank<_Tp>::value> { };
      |                                     ^~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/14/include/stddef.h:214:23: note: 'size_t' declared here
  214 | typedef __SIZE_TYPE__ size_t;
      |                       ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1442:65: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1442 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 1 + rank<_Tp>::value> { };
      |                                                                 ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1442:65: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1446:37: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'; did you mean 'size_t'?
 1446 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 1 + rank<_Tp>::value> { };
      |                                     ^~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/14/include/stddef.h:214:23: note: 'size_t' declared here
  214 | typedef __SIZE_TYPE__ size_t;
      |                       ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1446:65: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1446 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 1 + rank<_Tp>::value> { };
      |                                                                 ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1446:65: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2086:26: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
 2086 |   template<typename _Tp, std::size_t _Size>
      |                          ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2087:30: error: '_Size' was not declared in this scope
 2087 |     struct remove_extent<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                              ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2087:36: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 2087 |     struct remove_extent<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                                    ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2099:26: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
 2099 |   template<typename _Tp, std::size_t _Size>
      |                          ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2100:35: error: '_Size' was not declared in this scope
 2100 |     struct remove_all_extents<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                                   ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2100:41: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 2100 |     struct remove_all_extents<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                                         ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2171:12: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
 2171 |   template<std::size_t _Len>
      |            ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2176:30: error: '_Len' was not declared in this scope
 2176 |         unsigned char __data[_Len];
      |                              ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2194:12: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
 2194 |   template<std::size_t _Len, std::size_t _Align =
      |            ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2194:30: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
 2194 |   template<std::size_t _Len, std::size_t _Align =
      |                              ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2195:55: error: '_Len' was not declared in this scope
 2195 |            __alignof__(typename __aligned_storage_msa<_Len>::__type)>
      |                                                       ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2195:59: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 2195 |            __alignof__(typename __aligned_storage_msa<_Len>::__type)>
      |                                                           ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2202:30: error: '_Len' was not declared in this scope
 2202 |         unsigned char __data[_Len];
      |                              ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:2203:44: error: '_Align' was not declared in this scope
 2203 |         struct __attribute__((__aligned__((_Align)))) { } __align;
      |                                            ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:144:61: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
  144 |       compare(const char_type* __s1, const char_type* __s2, std::size_t __n);
      |                                                             ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:146:40: error: 'size_t' in namespace 'std' does not name a type
  146 |       static _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR std::size_t
      |                                        ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:150:34: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
  150 |       find(const char_type* __s, std::size_t __n, const char_type& __a);
      |                                  ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:153:52: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
  153 |       move(char_type* __s1, const char_type* __s2, std::size_t __n);
      |                                                    ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:156:52: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
  156 |       copy(char_type* __s1, const char_type* __s2, std::size_t __n);
      |                                                    ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:159:30: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
  159 |       assign(char_type* __s, std::size_t __n, char_type __a);
      |                              ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:187:59: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
  187 |     compare(const char_type* __s1, const char_type* __s2, std::size_t __n)
      |                                                           ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h: In static member function 'static constexpr int __gnu_cxx::char_traits<_CharT>::compare(const char_type*, const char_type*, int)':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:189:17: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'; did you mean 'size_t'?
  189 |       for (std::size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
      |                 ^~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/14/include/stddef.h:214:23: note: 'size_t' declared here
  214 | typedef __SIZE_TYPE__ size_t;
      |                       ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:189:33: error: '__i' was not declared in this scope; did you mean '__n'?
  189 |       for (std::size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
      |                                 ^~~
      |                                 __n
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h: At global scope:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/char_traits.h:198:31: error: 'size_t' in namespace 'std' does not name a type
  198 |     _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR std::size_t
      |