Language: C++

#pragma region Macros
#pragma GCC optimize("O3")
#pragma GCC target("avx2,avx")
#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define ll long long
#define ld long double
#define i128 __int128_t
#define ull unsigned long long int

#define rep(i,n) for(ll i = 0; i < n; ++i)
#define rep2(i,a,b) for(ll i = a; i <= b; ++i)
#define rep3(i,a,b) for(ll i = a; i >= b; --i)

#define pii pair<int, int>
#define pll pair<ll, ll>

#define vi vector<int>
#define vll vector<ll>
#define vpi vector<pii>
#define vpll vector<pll>

#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back

#define fi first
#define se second
#define all(c) begin(c), end(c)

#define lb(c, x) distance((c).begin(), lower_bound(all(c), (x)))
#define ub(c, x) distance((c).begin(), upper_bound(all(c), (x)))

#define overload2(_1, _2, name, ...) name
#define vec(type, name, ...) vector<type> name(__VA_ARGS__)
#define VEC(type, name, size)                                                                                                                                  \
    vector<type> name(size);                                                                                                                                   \
    IN(name)
#define vv(type, name, h, ...) vector<vector<type>> name(h, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__))
#define VV(type, name, h, w)                                                                                                                                   \
    vector<vector<type>> name(h, vector<type>(w));                                                                                                             \
    IN(name)
#define vvv(type, name, h, w, ...) vector<vector<vector<type>>> name(h, vector<vector<type>>(w, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__)))
#define vvvv(type, name, a, b, c, ...)                                                                                                                         \
    vector<vector<vector<vector<type>>>> name(a, vector<vector<vector<type>>>(b, vector<vector<type>>(c, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__))))

#define ios ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);

using namespace std;
template <class T> using pq = priority_queue<T>;
template <class T> using pqg = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;
#define si(c) (int)(c).size()
#define INT(...)                                                                                                                                               \
    int __VA_ARGS__;                                                                                                                                           \
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LL(...)                                                                                                                                                \
    ll __VA_ARGS__;                                                                                                                                            \
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define ULL(...)                                                                                                                                               \
    ull __VA_ARGS__;                                                                                                                                           \
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define STR(...)                                                                                                                                               \
    string __VA_ARGS__;                                                                                                                                        \
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define CHR(...)                                                                                                                                               \
    char __VA_ARGS__;                                                                                                                                          \
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define DBL(...)                                                                                                                                               \
    double __VA_ARGS__;                                                                                                                                        \
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LD(...)                                                                                                                                                \
    ld __VA_ARGS__;                                                                                                                                            \
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
int scan() { return getchar(); }
void scan(int &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(long long &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(char &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(double &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(long double &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(string &a) { cin >> a; }
template <class T> void scan(vector<T> &);
template <class T> void scan(vector<T> &a) {
    for(auto &i : a) scan(i);
}
template <class T> void scan(T &a) { cin >> a; }
void IN() {}
template <class Head, class... Tail> void IN(Head &head, Tail &... tail) {
    scan(head);
    IN(tail...);
}
string stin() {
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    return s;
}
template <class T, class S> inline bool chmax(T &a, S b) {

    if(a < b) {
        a = b;
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
template <class T, class S> inline bool chmin(T &a, S b) {

    if(a > b) {
        a = b;
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
vi iota(int n) {
    vi a(n);
    iota(all(a), 0);
    return a;
}
template <class T> void UNIQUE(vector<T> &x) {
    sort(all(x));
    x.erase(unique(all(x)), x.end());
}
int in() {
    int x;
    cin >> x;
    return x;
}
ll lin() {
    unsigned long long x;
    cin >> x;
    return x;
}
void print() { putchar(' '); }
void print(bool a) { cout << a; }
void print(int a) { cout << a; }
void print(long long a) { cout << a; }
void print(char a) { cout << a; }
void print(string &a) { cout << a; }
void print(double a) { cout << a; }
template <class T> void print(const vector<T> &);
template <class T, size_t size> void print(const array<T, size> &);
template <class T, class L> void print(const pair<T, L> &p);
template <class T, size_t size> void print(const T (&)[size]);
template <class T> void print(const vector<T> &a) {

    if(a.empty()) return;
    print(a[0]);
    for(auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
        cout << " ";
        print(*i);
    }
    cout << endl;
}
template <class T> void print(const deque<T> &a) {

    if(a.empty()) return;
    print(a[0]);
    for(auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
        cout << " ";
        print(*i);
    }
}
template <class T, size_t size> void print(const array<T, size> &a) {
    print(a[0]);
    for(auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
        cout << " ";
        print(*i);
    }
}
template <class T, class L> void print(const pair<T, L> &p) {
    cout << '(';
    print(p.first);
    cout << ",";
    print(p.second);
    cout << ')';
}
template <class T> void print(set<T> &x) {
    for(auto e : x) print(e), cout << " ";
    cout << endl;
}
template <class T> void print(multiset<T> &x) {
    for(auto e : x) print(e), cout << " ";
    cout << endl;
}
template <class T, size_t size> void print(const T (&a)[size]) {
    print(a[0]);
    for(auto i = a; ++i != end(a);) {
        cout << " ";
        print(*i);
    }
}
template <class T> void print(const T &a) { cout << a; }
int out() {
    putchar('\n');
    return 0;
}
template <class T> int out(const T &t) {
    print(t);
    putchar('\n');
    return 0;
}
template <class Head, class... Tail> int out(const Head &head, const Tail &... tail) {
    print(head);
    putchar(' ');
    out(tail...);
    return 0;
}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {
    while(b) {
        ll c = b;
        b = a % b;
        a = c;
    }
    return a;
}
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) {

    if(!a || !b) return 0;
    return a * b / gcd(a, b);
}
vector<pll> factor(ll x) {
    vector<pll> ans;
    for(ll i = 2; i * i <= x; i++)

        if(x % i == 0) {
            ans.push_back({i, 1});
            while((x /= i) % i == 0) ans.back().second++;
        }

    if(x != 1) ans.push_back({x, 1});
    return ans;
}
template <class T> vector<T> divisor(T x) {
    vector<T> ans;
    for(T i = 1; i * i <= x; i++)

        if(x % i == 0) {
            ans.pb(i);

            if(i * i != x) ans.pb(x / i);
        }
    return ans;
}
template <typename T> void zip(vector<T> &x) {
    vector<T> y = x;
    sort(all(y));
    for(int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) { x[i] = lb(y, x[i]); }
}
int popcount(ll x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); }
mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
int rnd(int n) { return uniform_int_distribution<int>(0, n - 1)(rng); }
ll rndll(ll n) { return uniform_int_distribution<ll>(0, n - 1)(rng); }
template <typename T> void shuffle(vector<T> &v) {
    rep3(i, v.size() - 1, 1) { swap(v[i], v[rnd(i)]); }
}
#define endl '\n'
vector<string> YES{"NO", "YES"};
vector<string> Yes{"No", "Yes"};
vector<string> yes{"no", "yes"};

#ifdef _LOCAL
#undef endl
#define debug(x)                                                                                                                                               \
    cout << #x << ": ";                                                                                                                                        \
    print(x);                                                                                                                                                  \
    cout << endl;
void err() {}
template <class T> void err(const T &t) {
    print(t);
    cout << " ";
}
template <class Head, class... Tail> void err(const Head &head, const Tail &... tail) {
    print(head);
    putchar(' ');
    out(tail...);
}
#else
#define debug(x)
template <class... T> void err(const T &...) {}
#endif

template <typename T> struct edge {
    int from, to;
    T cost;
    int id;
    edge(int to, T cost) : from(-1), to(to), cost(cost) {}
    edge(int from, int to, T cost) : from(from), to(to), cost(cost) {}
    edge(int from, int to, T cost, int id) : from(from), to(to), cost(cost), id(id) {}
    edge &operator=(const int &x) {
        to = x;
        return *this;
    }
    operator int() const { return to; }
};
template <typename T> using Edges = vector<edge<T>>;

struct Graph : vector<vector<int>> {
    using vector<vector<int>>::vector;
    Graph(int n, int m) : vector(n) { read(m); }
    inline void add(int a, int b, bool directed = false) {
        (*this)[a].emplace_back(b);

        if(!directed) (*this)[b].emplace_back(a);
    }
    void read(int n = -1, int offset = 1, bool directed = false) {

        if(n == -1) n = this->size() - 1;
        int a, b;
        while(n--) {
            cin >> a >> b;
            Graph::add(a - offset, b - offset, directed);
        }
    }
};
template <typename T> struct WeightedGraph : vector<Edges<T>> {
    using vector<Edges<T>>::vector;
    inline void add(int a, int b, T c, bool directed = false) {
        (*this)[a].emplace_back(b, c);

        if(!directed) (*this)[b].emplace_back(a, c);
    }
    void read(int n = -1, int offset = 1) {

        if(n == -1) n = this->size() - 1;
        int a, b;
        T c;
        while(n--) {
            cin >> a >> b >> c;
            WeightedGraph::add(a - offset, b - offset, c);
        }
    }
};
struct Setup_io {
    Setup_io() {
        ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
        cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
    }
} setup_io;


#pragma endregion

// _________コーディングはここから！！___________

main() {
  
  INF(n);
  VEC(int a,n);
  int ma = 0;
  ll ans = 0;
  rep(i,n){
    ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
    chmax(ma,a[i]);
  }
  cout << ans << endl;
  
}


Compiler output:
a.cc:347:14: error: macro "VEC" requires 3 arguments, but only 2 given
  347 |   VEC(int a,n);
      |              ^
a.cc:37:9: note: macro "VEC" defined here
   37 | #define VEC(type, name, size)                                                                                                                                  \
      |         ^~~
a.cc:344:1: warning: ISO C++ forbids declaration of 'main' with no type [-Wreturn-type]
  344 | main() {
      | ^~~~
a.cc: In function 'int main()':
a.cc:346:7: error: 'n' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'yn'?
  346 |   INF(n);
      |       ^
      |       yn
a.cc:346:3: error: 'INF' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'IN'?
  346 |   INF(n);
      |   ^~~
      |   IN
a.cc:347:3: error: 'VEC' was not declared in this scope
  347 |   VEC(int a,n);
      |   ^~~
a.cc: In lambda function:
a.cc:351:24: error: expected '{' before ')' token
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
a.cc: In function 'int main()':
a.cc:351:20: error: no match for 'operator-' (operand types are 'int' and 'main()::<lambda()>')
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                  ~~^~~~
      |                  |  |
      |                  |  main()::<lambda()>
      |                  int
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:67,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:60,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:51,
                 from a.cc:6:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:618:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr decltype ((__y.base() - __x.base())) std::operator-(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const reverse_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
  618 |     operator-(const reverse_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:618:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1790:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr decltype ((__x.base() - __y.base())) std::operator-(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, const move_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
 1790 |     operator-(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1790:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/ccomplex:39,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:127:
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:370:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&, const complex<_Tp>&)'
  370 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:370:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::complex<_Tp>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:379:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&, const _Tp&)'
  379 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:379:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::complex<_Tp>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:388:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const _Tp&, const complex<_Tp>&)'
  388 |     operator-(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:388:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   'main()::<lambda()>' is not derived from 'const std::complex<_Tp>'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:465:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&)'
  465 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:465:5: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/valarray:605,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:166:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom1, class _Dom2> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_Expr, _Dom1, _Dom2>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const _Expr<_Dom2, typename _Dom2::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_Constant, _Dom, typename _Dom::value_type>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const typename _Dom::value_type&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Constant, std::_Expr, typename _Dom::value_type, _Dom>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const typename _Dom::value_type&, const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   'main()::<lambda()>' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_ValArray, _Dom, typename _Dom::value_type>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const valarray<typename _Dom::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_ValArray, std::_Expr, typename _Dom::value_type, _Dom>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const valarray<typename _Dom::value_type>&, const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   'main()::<lambda()>' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_ValArray, std::_ValArray, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator-(const valarray<_Tp>&, const valarray<_Tp>&)'
 1197 | _DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, __minus)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::valarray<_Tp>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_ValArray, std::_Constant, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator-(const valarray<_Tp>&, const typename valarray<_Tp>::value_type&)'
 1197 | _DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, __minus)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   mismatched types 'const std::valarray<_Tp>' and 'int'
  351 |     ans += max(0,ma-[i]);
      |                        ^
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Constant, std::_ValArray, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator-(const typename valarray<_Tp>::value_type&, const valarray<_Tp>&)'
 1197 | _DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, __minus)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:351:24: note:   'main()::<lambda()>' is not derived from 'const std::valarray<_Tp>'
  351 |     an