Language: C++

#include "bits/stdc++.h"
#include <sys/timeb.h>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

#define repl(i,a,b) for(int i=(int)(a);i<(int)(b);i++)
#define rep(i,n) repl(i,0,n)
#define replrev(i,a,b) for(int i=(int)(b)-1;i>=(int)(a);i--)
#define reprev(i,n) replrev(i,0,n)
#define repi(itr,ds) for(auto itr=ds.begin();itr!=ds.end();itr++)
#define all(a) a.begin(),a.end()
#define mp make_pair
#define mt make_tuple
#define INF 2000000000
#define INFL 1000000000000000000LL
#define EPS (1e-10)
#define MOD 1000000007
#define PI 3.1415926536
#define RMAX 4294967295

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<ll> vll;
typedef vector<bool> vb;
typedef vector<char> vc;
typedef vector<string> vs;
typedef vector<double> vd;
typedef vector<P> vP;
typedef vector<vector<int> > vvi;
typedef vector<vector<bool> > vvb;
typedef vector<vector<ll> > vvll;
typedef vector<vector<char> > vvc;
typedef vector<vector<string> > vvs;
typedef vector<vector<double> > vvd;
typedef vector<vector<P> > vvP;
typedef priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int> > pqli;
typedef priority_queue<ll, vector<ll>, greater<ll> > pqlll;
typedef priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P> > pqlP;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, int> > Edge;
typedef vector<Edge> vE;
typedef priority_queue<Edge, vector<Edge>, greater<Edge> > pqlE;

#define equals(a,b)(fabs((a)-(b)))<EPS)

static const int COUNTER_CLOCKWISE = 1;
static const int CLOCKWISE = -1;
static const int ONLINE_BACK = 2;
static const int ONLINE_FRONT = -2;
static const int ON_SEGMENT = 0;

class Point {
public:
	double x, y;

	Point(double x = 0, double y = 0) :x(x), y(y) {}

	Point operator + (Point p) { return Point(x + p.x, y + p.y); }
	Point operator - (Point p) { return Point(x - p.x, y - p.y); }
	Point operator * (double a) { return Point(x * a, y * a); }
	Point operator / (double a) { return Point(x / a, y / a); }

	double norm() { return x*x + y*y; }
	double abs() { return sqrt(norm()); }

	bool operator == (const Point &p) const {
		return fabs(x - p.x) < EPS&&fabs(y - p.y) < EPS;
	}
};

typedef Point Vector;

typedef vector<Point> Polygon;

class Segment {
public:
	Point p1, p2;
	Segment(Point p1 = Point(), Point p2 = Point()) :p1(p1), p2(p2) {}
};

typedef Segment Line;

class Circle {
public:
	Point c;
	double r;
	Circle(Point c = Point(), double r = 0) :c(c), r(r) {}
};

double dot(Vector a, Vector b) {
	return a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y;
}

double cross(Vector a, Vector b) {
	return a.x*b.y - a.y*b.x;
}

Point project(Segment s, Point p) {
	Vector base = s.p2 - s.p1;
	double r = dot(p - s.p1, base) / base.norm();
	return s.p1 + base*r;
}

// ??????s???????§°?????¨?????????p???????§°???
Point reflect(Segment s, Point p) {
	return p + (project(s, p) - p)*2.0;
}

double getDistance(Point a, Point b) {
	return (a - b).abs();
}

double getDistanceLP(Line l, Point p) {
	return abs(cross(l.p2 - l.p1, p - l.p1)) / (l.p2 - l.p1).abs();
}

double getDistanceSP(Segment s, Point p) {
	if (dot(s.p2 - s.p1, p - s.p1) < 0.0)return (p - s.p1).abs();
	if (dot(s.p2 - s.p1, p - s.p2) < 0.0)return (p - s.p2).abs();
	return getDistanceLP(s, p);
}

// ????????????(p0,p1)???????????????p2?????????
int ccw(Point p0, Point p1, Point p2) {
	Vector a = p1 - p0;
	Vector b = p2 - p0;
	if (cross(a, b) > EPS)return COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
	if (cross(a, b) < EPS)return CLOCKWISE;
	if (dot(a, b) < EPS)return ONLINE_BACK;
	if (a.norm() < b.norm())return ONLINE_FRONT;
	return ON_SEGMENT;
}

bool intersect(Point p1, Point p2, Point p3, Point p4) {
	return (ccw(p1, p2, p3)*ccw(p1, p2, p4) <= 0
		&& ccw(p3, p4, p1)*ccw(p3, p4, p2) <= 0);
}

bool intersect(Segment s1, Segment s2) {
	return intersect(s1.p1, s1.p2, s2.p1, s2.p2);
}

double getDistance(Segment s1, Segment s2) {
	if (intersect(s1, s2))return 0.0;
	return min(min(getDistanceSP(s1, s2.p1), getDistanceSP(s1, s2.p2)),
		min(getDistanceSP(s2, s1.p1), getDistanceSP(s2, s1.p2)));
}

Point getCrossPoint(Segment s1, Segment s2) {
	Vector base = s2.p2 - s2.p1;
	double d1 = abs(cross(base, s1.p1 - s2.p1));
	double d2 = abs(cross(base, s1.p2 - s2.p1));
	double t = d1 / (d1 + d2);
	return s1.p1 + (s1.p2 - s1.p1)*t;
}

pair<Point, Point> getCrossPoints(Circle c, Line l) {
	Vector pr = project(l, c.c);
	Vector e = (l.p2 - l.p1) / (l.p2 - l.p1).abs();
	double base = sqrt(c.r*c.r - (pr - c.c).norm());
	return make_pair(pr + e*base, pr - e*base);
}

double arg(Vector p) {
	return atan2(p.y, p.x);
}

// ?????¢a???????§?r
Vector polar(double a, double r) {
	return Point(cos(r)*a, sin(r)*a);
}

pair<Point, Point> getCrossPoints(Circle c1, Circle c2) {
	double d = (c1.c - c2.c).abs();
	double a = acos((c1.r*c1.r + d*d - c2.r*c2.r) / (2 * c1.r * d));
	double t = arg(c2.c - c1.c);
	return make_pair(c1.c + polar(c1.r, t + a), c1.c + polar(c1.r, t - a));
}

// IN:2, ON:1, OUT:0
int contain(Polygon g, Point p) {
	int n = g.size();
	bool x = false;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		Point a = g[i] - p;
		Point b = g[(i + 1) % n] - p;
		if (abs(cross(a, b)) < EPS&&dot(a, b) < EPS)return 1;
		if (a.y > b.y)swap(a, b);
		if (a.y < EPS&&EPS<b.y&&cross(a, b)>EPS)x = !x;
	}
	return (x ? 2 : 0);
}

// ??????
Polygon andrewScan(Polygon s) {
	Polygon u, l;
	if (s.size() < 3)return s;
	sort(s.begin(), s.end());
	u.push_back(s[0]);
	u.push_back(s[1]);
	l.push_back(s[s.size() - 1]);
	l.push_back(s[s.size() - 2]);
	for (int i = 2; i < s.size(); i++) {
		for (int n = u.size(); n >= 2 && ccw(u[n - 2], u[n - 1], s[i]) != CLOCKWISE; n--) {
			u.pop_back();
		}
		u.push_back(s[i]);
	}
	for (int i = s.size() - 3; i >= 0; i--) {
		for (int n = l.size(); n >= 2 && ccw(l[n - 2], l[n - 1], s[i]) != CLOCKWISE; n--) {
			u.pop_back();
		}
		u.push_back(s[i]);
	}
	reverse(l.begin(), l.end());
	for (int i = u.size() - 2; i >= 1; i--)l.push_back(u[i]);
	return l;
}

int main() {
	cout << fixed << setprecision(14);
	int x1, y1, x2, y2, Q;
	cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2 >> Q;
	Point p0(x1, y1), p1(x2, y2);
	Segment s(p0, p1);
	rep(i, Q) {
		int x, y;
		cin >> x >> y;
		Point p(x, y);
		Point ans = project(s, p);
		cout << ans.x << " " << ans.y << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

Compiler output:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:71,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:60,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:51,
                 from a.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of 'constexpr bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter::operator()(_Iterator1, _Iterator2) const [with _Iterator1 = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, std::vector<Point> >; _Iterator2 = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, std::vector<Point> >]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1777:14:   required from 'void std::__insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1777 |           if (__comp(__i, __first))
      |               ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1817:25:   required from 'void std::__final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1817 |           std::__insertion_sort(__first, __first + int(_S_threshold), __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1908:31:   required from 'void std::__sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1908 |           std::__final_insertion_sort(__first, __last, __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:4772:18:   required from 'void std::sort(_RAIter, _RAIter) [with _RAIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >]'
 4772 |       std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_less_iter());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:199:6:   required from here
  199 |         sort(s.begin(), s.end());
      |         ~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: error: no match for 'operator<' (operand types are 'Point' and 'Point')
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:67:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1241:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR, class _Container> bool __gnu_cxx::operator<(const __normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>&, const __normal_iterator<_IteratorR, _Container>&)'
 1241 |     operator<(const __normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1241:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'Point' is not derived from 'const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1249:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Iterator, class _Container> bool __gnu_cxx::operator<(const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>&, const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>&)'
 1249 |     operator<(const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1249:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'Point' is not derived from 'const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of 'bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Val_less_iter::operator()(_Value&, _Iterator) const [with _Value = Point; _Iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, std::vector<Point> >]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1757:20:   required from 'void std::__unguarded_linear_insert(_RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Val_less_iter]'
 1757 |       while (__comp(__val, __next))
      |              ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1785:36:   required from 'void std::__insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1785 |             std::__unguarded_linear_insert(__i,
      |             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~
 1786 |                                 __gnu_cxx::__ops::__val_comp_iter(__comp));
      |                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1817:25:   required from 'void std::__final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1817 |           std::__insertion_sort(__first, __first + int(_S_threshold), __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1908:31:   required from 'void std::__sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1908 |           std::__final_insertion_sort(__first, __last, __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:4772:18:   required from 'void std::sort(_RAIter, _RAIter) [with _RAIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >]'
 4772 |       std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_less_iter());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:199:6:   required from here
  199 |         sort(s.begin(), s.end());
      |         ~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:98:22: error: no match for 'operator<' (operand types are 'Point' and 'Point')
   98 |       { return __val < *__it; }
      |                ~~~~~~^~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1241:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR, class _Container> bool __gnu_cxx::operator<(const __normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>&, const __normal_iterator<_IteratorR, _Container>&)'
 1241 |     operator<(const __normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1241:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:98:22: note:   'Point' is not derived from 'const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>'
   98 |       { return __val < *__it; }
      |                ~~~~~~^~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1249:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Iterator, class _Container> bool __gnu_cxx::operator<(const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>&, const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>&)'
 1249 |     operator<(const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1249:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:98:22: note:   'Point' is not derived from 'const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>'
   98 |       { return __val < *__it; }
      |                ~~~~~~^~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of 'bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_val::operator()(_Iterator, _Value&) const [with _Iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, std::vector<Point> >; _Value = Point]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_heap.h:140:48:   required from 'void std::__push_heap(_RandomAccessIterator, _Distance, _Distance, _Tp, _Compare&) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Distance = long int; _Tp = Point; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_val]'
  140 |       while (__holeIndex > __topIndex && __comp(__first + __parent, __value))
      |                                          ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_heap.h:247:23:   required from 'void std::__adjust_heap(_RandomAccessIterator, _Distance, _Distance, _Tp, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Distance = long int; _Tp = Point; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
  247 |       std::__push_heap(__first, __holeIndex, __topIndex,
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  248 |                        _GLIBCXX_MOVE(__value), __cmp);
      |                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_heap.h:356:22:   required from 'void std::__make_heap(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare&) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
  356 |           std::__adjust_heap(__first, __parent, __len, _GLIBCXX_MOVE(__value),
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  357 |                              __comp);
      |                              ~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1593:23:   required from 'void std::__heap_select(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Point*, vector<Point> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1593 |       std::__make_heap(__first, __middle, __comp);
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1868:25:   required from 'void std::__partial_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator =