Language: C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int INF = (1<<30)-1;
const long long LINF = (1LL<<62)-1;
const int dx[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};
const int dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }

vector<vector<int>> to;
vector<int> a, res;
void dfs(int now, int prev, vector<int> &lis) {
  auto it = upper_bound(lis.begin(), lis.end(), a[now]);
  int past = *it;
  *it = a[now];
  res[now] = max(res[prev], it-lis.begin()+1);
  for (auto next : to[now]) {
    if (next == prev)
      continue;
    dfs(next, now, lis);
  }
  *it = past;
}

signed main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(0);
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  a.resize(n);
  rep(i, n)
    cin >> a[i];
  to.resize(n);
  rep(i, n-1) {
    int u, v;
    cin >> u >> v;
    --u, --v;
    to[u].push_back(v);
    to[v].push_back(u);
  }
  res.resize(n);
  vector<int> lis(n, INF);
  dfs(0, 0, lis);
  rep(i, n)
    cout << res[i] << '\n';
  return 0;
}

Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'void dfs(int, int, std::vector<int>&)':
a.cc:18:17: error: no matching function for call to 'max(__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<std::allocator<int>, int>::value_type&, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int*, std::vector<int> >::difference_type)'
   18 |   res[now] = max(res[prev], it-lis.begin()+1);
      |              ~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:60,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:51,
                 from a.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:257:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> constexpr const _Tp& std::max(const _Tp&, const _Tp&)'
  257 |     max(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b)
      |     ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:257:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:18:17: note:   deduced conflicting types for parameter 'const _Tp' ('int' and '__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int*, std::vector<int> >::difference_type' {aka 'long int'})
   18 |   res[now] = max(res[prev], it-lis.begin()+1);
      |              ~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:303:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp, class _Compare> constexpr const _Tp& std::max(const _Tp&, const _Tp&, _Compare)'
  303 |     max(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b, _Compare __comp)
      |     ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:303:5: note:   candidate expects 3 arguments, 2 provided
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:61:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:5706:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> constexpr _Tp std::max(initializer_list<_Tp>)'
 5706 |     max(initializer_list<_Tp> __l)
      |     ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:5706:5: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:5716:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp, class _Compare> constexpr _Tp std::max(initializer_list<_Tp>, _Compare)'
 5716 |     max(initializer_list<_Tp> __l, _Compare __comp)
      |     ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:5716:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:18:17: note:   mismatched types 'std::initializer_list<_Tp>' and 'int'
   18 |   res[now] = max(res[prev], it-lis.begin()+1);
      |              ~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~