Language: C++

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <tuple>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <deque>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <bitset>
#include <cctype>
#include <functional>
#include <ctime>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include <chrono>
#include <numeric>
#include <type_traits>
#include <iomanip>
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <cassert>
#include <atcoder/all>
#pragma warning (disable: 4996)
using namespace std;

using ll = long long;
unsigned euclidean_gcd(unsigned a, unsigned b) {
    if (a < b) return euclidean_gcd(b, a);
    unsigned r;
    while ((r = a % b)) {
        a = b;
        b = r;
    }
    return b;
}

ll ll_gcd(ll a, ll b) {
    if (a < b) return ll_gcd(b, a);
    ll r;
    while ((r = a % b)) {
        a = b;
        b = r;
    }
    return b;
}

struct UnionFind {
    vector <ll> par;
    vector <ll> siz;
    UnionFind(ll sz_) : par(sz_), siz(sz_, 1LL) {
        for (ll i = 0; i < sz_; ++i) par[i] = i;
    }
    void init(ll sz_) {
        par.resize(sz_);
        siz.assign(sz_, 1LL);
        for (ll i = 0; i < sz_; ++i) par[i] = i;
    }
    ll root(ll x) {
        while (par[x] != x) {
            x = par[x] = par[par[x]];
        }
        return x;
    }
    bool merge(ll x, ll y) {
        x = root(x);
        y = root(y);
        if (x == y) return false;
        if (siz[x] < siz[y]) swap(x, y);
        siz[x] += siz[y];
        par[y] = x;
        return true;
    }

    bool issame(ll x, ll y) {
        return root(x) == root(y);
    }

    ll size(ll x) {
        return siz[root(x)];
    }
};

long long modpow(long long a, long long n, long long mod) {
    if (n < 0)return 0;
    long long res = 1;
    while (n > 0) {
        if (n & 1) res = res * a % mod;
        a = a * a % mod;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}

long long modinv(long long a, long long mod) {
    return modpow(a, mod - 2, mod);
}

ll merge_cnt(vector<ll>& a) {
    int n = a.size();
    if (n <= 1) { return 0; }

    ll cnt = 0;
    vector<ll> b(a.begin(), a.begin() + n / 2);
    vector<ll> c(a.begin() + n / 2, a.end());

    cnt += merge_cnt(b);
    cnt += merge_cnt(c);

    int ai = 0, bi = 0, ci = 0;
    while (ai < n) {
        if (bi < b.size() && (ci == c.size() || b[bi] <= c[ci])) {
            a[ai++] = b[bi++];
        }
        else {
            cnt += n / 2 - bi;
            a[ai++] = c[ci++];
        }
    }
    return cnt;
}

struct edge { ll to, cost; };
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;
struct graph {
    ll V;
    vector<vector<edge> > G;
    vector<ll> d;

    graph(ll n) {
        init(n);
    }

    void init(ll n) {
        V = n;
        G.resize(V);
        d.resize(V);
        for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
            d[i] = 2000000000000000000;
        }
    }

    void add_edge(ll s, ll t, ll cost) {
        edge e;
        e.to = t, e.cost = cost;
        G[s].push_back(e);
    }

    void dijkstra(ll s) {
        for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
            d[i] = 2000000000000000000;
        }
        d[s] = 0;
        priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P> > que;
        que.push(P(0, s));
        while (!que.empty()) {
            P p = que.top(); que.pop();
            ll v = p.second;
            if (d[v] < p.first) continue;
            for (auto e : G[v]) {
                if (d[e.to] > d[v] + e.cost) {
                    d[e.to] = d[v] + e.cost;
                    que.push(P(d[e.to], e.to));
                }
            }
        }
    }
};



int main() {
    int d;
    cin >> d;
    vector<int> z(26);
    for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
        cin >> z[i];
    }
    vector<vector<int>> s(26,vector<int>(d));
    for (int i = 0; i < d; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 26; j++) {
            cin >> s[j][i];
        }
    }
    vector<int> ans(d);
    for (int i = 0; i < d; i++) {
        cin >> ans[i];
        ans[i]--;
    }
    ll zans = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
        ll t = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) {
            if (i == ans[j]) {
                zans += s[i][j];
                t = 0;
            }
            else {
                t++;
            }
            zans -= t * z[i];
        }
       
    }
    vector<set<int>> st(26);
    for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
        st[i].insert(-1);
        st[i].insert(d);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < d; i++) {
        st[ans[i]].insert(i);
    }
    int m;
    cin >> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        a--;
        b--;
        zans += s[b][a];
        zans -= s[ans[a]][a];
        st[ans[a]].erase(a);
        auto f= st[ans[a]].lower_bound(a);
        int g = *f;
        f--;
        int h = *f;
        zans -= ((g - h) * (g - h - 1) / 2 - (g - a) * (g - a - 1) / 2 - (a - h) * (a - h - 1) / 2)*z[ans[a]];
        f = st[b].lower_bound(a);
        g = *f;
        f--;
        h = *f;
        zans += ((g - h) * (g - h - 1) / 2 - (g - a) * (g - a - 1) / 2 - (a - h) * (a - h - 1) / 2)*z[b];
        st[b].insert(a);
        ans[a] = b;
    }
}

Compiler output:
a.cc:30:10: fatal error: atcoder/all: No such file or directory
   30 | #include <atcoder/all>
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.