Language: C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;
typedef pair<int, int> Pi;
typedef vector<ll> Vec;
typedef vector<int> Vi;
typedef vector<string> Vs;
typedef vector<P> VP;
typedef vector<vector<ll>> VV;
typedef vector<vector<int>> VVi;
typedef vector<vector<vector<ll>>> VVV;
typedef vector<vector<vector<vector<ll>>>> VVVV;

#define REP(i, a, b) for(ll i=(a); i<(b); i++)
#define PER(i, a, b) for(ll i=(a); i>=(b); i--)
#define rep(i, n) REP(i, 0, n)
#define per(i, n) PER(i, n, 0)
const ll INF=1e18+18;
const ll MAX=100005;
const ll MOD=1000000007;
#define Yes(n) cout << ((n) ? "Yes" : "No") << endl;
#define YES(n) cout << ((n) ? "YES" : "NO") << endl;
#define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define rALL(v) v.rbegin(), v.rend()
#define pb(x) push_back(x)
#define mp(a, b) make_pair(a,b)
#define Each(a,b) for(auto &a :b)
#define REPM(i, mp) for (auto i = mp.begin(); i != mp.end(); ++i)
#ifdef LOCAL
#define dbg(x_) cerr << #x_ << ":" << x_ << endl;
#define dbgmap(mp) cerr << #mp << ":"<<endl; for (auto i = mp.begin(); i != mp.end(); ++i) { cerr << i->first <<":"<<i->second << endl;}
#define dbgarr(n,m,arr) rep(i,n){rep(j,m){cerr<<arr[i][j]<<" ";}cerr<<endl;}
#define dbgdp(n,arr) rep(i,n){cerr<<arr[i]<<" ";}cerr<<endl;
#define dbgmint(n,arr) rep(i,n){cerr<<arr[i].x<<" ";}cerr<<endl;
#define dbgarrmint(n,m,arr) rep(i,n){rep(j,m){cerr<<arr[i][j].x<<" ";}cerr<<endl;}
#else
#define dbg(...) 42
#define dbgmap(...) 42
#define dbgarr(...) 42
#define dbgdp(...) 42
#define dbgmint(...) 42
#define dbgarrmint(...) 42
#endif
#define out(a) cout<<a<<endl
#define out2(a,b) cout<<a<<" "<<b<<endl
#define vout(v) rep(i,v.size()){cout<<v[i]<<" ";}cout<<endl
#define Uniq(v) v.erase(unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end())
#define fi first
#define se second

template<class T>bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a=b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T>bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (b<a) { a=b; return true; } return false; }

template<typename T1, typename T2>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, const pair<T1, T2> &p) { return s<<"("<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<")"; }

template<typename T>istream& operator>>(istream&i,vector<T>&v)
{rep(j,v.size())i>>v[j];return i;}

// vector
template<typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, const vector<T> &v) {
    int len=v.size();
    for(int i=0; i<len; ++i) {
        s<<v[i];
        if(i<len-1) s<<"	";
    }
    return s;
}

// 2 dimentional vector
template<typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, const vector<vector<T> > &vv) {
    int len=vv.size();
    for(int i=0; i<len; ++i) {
        s<<vv[i]<<endl;
    }
    return s;
}


//mint
struct mint {
    ll x; // typedef long long ll;
    mint(ll x=0):x((x%MOD+MOD)%MOD){}
    mint& operator+=(const mint a) {
        if ((x += a.x) >= MOD) x -= MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator-=(const mint a) {
        if ((x += MOD-a.x) >= MOD) x -= MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator*=(const mint a) {
        (x *= a.x) %= MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    mint operator+(const mint a) const {
        mint res(*this);
        return res+=a;
    }
    mint operator-(const mint a) const {
        mint res(*this);
        return res-=a;
    }
    mint operator*(const mint a) const {
        mint res(*this);
        return res*=a;
    }
    mint pow(ll t) const {
        if (!t) return 1;
        mint a = pow(t>>1);
        a *= a;
        if (t&1) a *= *this;
        return a;
    }

    // for prime MOD
    mint inv() const {
        return pow(MOD-2);
    }
    mint& operator/=(const mint a) {
        return (*this) *= a.inv();
    }
    mint operator/(const mint a) const {
        mint res(*this);
        return res/=a;
    }
};

struct combination {
    vector<mint> fact, ifact;
    combination(int n):fact(n+1),ifact(n+1) {
        assert(n < MOD);
        fact[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) fact[i] = fact[i-1]*i;
        ifact[n] = fact[n].inv();
        for (int i = n; i >= 1; --i) ifact[i-1] = ifact[i]*i;
    }
    mint operator()(int n, int k) {
        if (k < 0 || k > n) return 0;
        return fact[n]*ifact[k]*ifact[n-k];
    }
};

int main() {
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cout<<std::setprecision(10);

    ll n;
    string s;
    cin>>n>>s;
    ll Q;
    cin>>Q;

    vector<set<ll>> vs(26);
    rep(i,n){
        vs[s[i]-'a'].insert(i);
    }
    while (Q--){
        ll q;
        cin>>q;
        if(q==1){
            ll i;
            char c;
            cin>>i>>c;
            i--;
            vs[s[i]-'a'].erase(i);
            vs[c-'a'].insert(i);
            s[i] = c;
        }else{
            ll l, r;
            cin>>l>>r;
            l--;r--;
            dbg(l);
            dbg(r);
            ll cnt = 0;
            rep(i,26){
                if(vs[i].lower_bound(l) != vs[i].end()){
                    dbg(i);
                    dbg(*vs[i].lower_bound(l));
                    if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
                        cnt++;
                    }
                }
            }
            out(cnt);
        }
    }
    return  0;
}


Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'int main()':
a.cc:186:44: error: no match for 'operator-' (operand types are 'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} and 'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'})
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |                                         |                    |
      |                                         |                    _Rb_tree_const_iterator<[...]>
      |                                         _Rb_tree_const_iterator<[...]>
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:67,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:60,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:51,
                 from a.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:618:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr decltype ((__y.base() - __x.base())) std::operator-(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const reverse_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
  618 |     operator-(const reverse_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:618:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1790:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr decltype ((__x.base() - __y.base())) std::operator-(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, const move_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
 1790 |     operator-(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1790:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/ccomplex:39,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:127:
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:370:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&, const complex<_Tp>&)'
  370 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:370:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::complex<_Tp>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:379:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&, const _Tp&)'
  379 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:379:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::complex<_Tp>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:388:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const _Tp&, const complex<_Tp>&)'
  388 |     operator-(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:388:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::complex<_Tp>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:465:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&)'
  465 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:465:5: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/valarray:605,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:166:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom1, class _Dom2> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_Expr, _Dom1, _Dom2>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const _Expr<_Dom2, typename _Dom2::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_Constant, _Dom, typename _Dom::value_type>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const typename _Dom::value_type&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Constant, std::_Expr, typename _Dom::value_type, _Dom>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const typename _Dom::value_type&, const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_ValArray, _Dom, typename _Dom::value_type>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const valarray<typename _Dom::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:186:64: note:   'std::set<long long int>::iterator' {aka 'std::_Rb_tree<long long int, long long int, std::_Identity<long long int>, std::less<long long int>, std::allocator<long long int> >::const_iterator'} is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
  186 |                     if(vs[i].upper_bound(r)-vs[i].lower_bound(l)>0){
      |                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_ValArray, std::_Expr, typename _Dom::value_type, _Dom>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const valarray<typename _Dom::value_type>&, const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argu