Language: C++

// #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
// #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")
// #pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx")
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// #define int long long
// #define endl '\n'

#pragma region TEMPLATE

/* TYPE */
typedef long long ll;       typedef long double ld;
typedef pair<int, int> pii; typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef vector<pii> vpii;   typedef vector<pll> vpll;
typedef vector<int> vi;     typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<string> vst; typedef vector<bool> vb;
typedef vector<ld> vld;     typedef vector<vector<int>> vvi;
template<typename T, typename Cmp = less<>> using prique = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, Cmp>;
template<typename T> using prique_r = prique<T, greater<>>;
/* CONSTANT */
#define ln '\n'
const int INF = 1 << 30;    const ll INFF = 1LL << 60;  const string ALPHABET = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;    const int MODD = 998244353; const string alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
const double EPS = 1e-9;    const ld PI = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288;
const int dx[] = { 1, 0, -1,  0,  1, -1, -1, 1, 0 };
const int dy[] = { 0, 1,  0, -1, -1, -1,  1, 1, 0 };
/* CONTAINER */
#define PB              emplace_back
#define ALL(v)          (v).begin(), (v).end()
#define RALL(v)         (v).rbegin(), (v).rend()
#define SORT(v)         sort(ALL(v))
#define RSORT(v)        sort(RALL(v))
#define LESS(x, val)    (lower_bound(x.begin(), x.end(), val) - x.begin())
#define LEQ(x, val)     (upper_bound(x.begin(), x.end(), val) - x.begin())
#define GREATER(x, val) (int)(x).size() - LEQ((x), (val))
#define GEQ(x, val)     (int)(x).size() - LESS((x), (val))
#define UNIQUE(v)       sort(ALL(v)); (v).erase(unique(ALL(v)), (v).end())
template<typename T> vector<T> make_v(size_t a) { return vector<T>(a); }
template<typename T, typename... Ts> auto make_v(size_t a, Ts... ts) { return vector<decltype(make_v<T>(ts...))>(a, make_v<T>(ts...)); }
template<typename T, typename U, typename... V> enable_if_t<is_same<T, U>::value != 0> fill_v(U &u, const V... v) { u = U(v...); }
template<typename T, typename U, typename... V> enable_if_t<is_same<T, U>::value == 0> fill_v(U &u, const V... v) { for (auto &e : u) fill_v<T>(e, v...); }
/* LOOP */
#define _overload3(_1, _2, _3, name, ...) name
#define _REP(i, n)      REPI(i, 0, n)
#define REPI(i, a, b)   for (ll i = (ll)a; i < (ll)b; ++i)
#define REP(...)        _overload3(__VA_ARGS__, REPI, _REP,)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define _RREP(i, n)     RREPI(i, n, 0)
#define RREPI(i, a, b)  for (ll i = (ll)a; i >= (ll)b; --i)
#define RREP(...)       _overload3(__VA_ARGS__, RREPI, _RREP,)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define EACH(e, v)      for (auto& e : v)
#define PERM(v)         sort(ALL(v)); for (bool c##p = true; c##p; c##p = next_permutation(ALL(v)))
/* INPUT */
template<typename T> void SSS(T& t) { cin >> t; }
template<typename Head, typename... Tail> void SSS(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { cin >> head; SSS(tail...); }
#define SS(T, ...)      T __VA_ARGS__; SSS(__VA_ARGS__);
#define SV(T, v, n)     vector<T> v(n); for (auto& i : v) cin >> i;
#define SVV(T, v, n, m) vector<vector<T>> v(n, vector<T>(m)); for (auto& r : v) for (auto& i : r) cin >> i;
/* OUTPUT */
// Yes / No
inline int YES(bool x) { cout << (x ? "YES"  : "NO") << endl; return 0; }
inline int Yes(bool x) { cout << (x ? "Yes"  : "No") << endl; return 0; }
inline int yes(bool x) { cout << (x ? "yes"  : "no") << endl; return 0; }
inline int yES(bool x) { cout << (x ? "yES"  : "nO") << endl; return 0; }
inline int Yay(bool x) { cout << (x ? "Yay!" : ":(") << endl; return 0; }
// PROTOTYPE DECLARATION
template<typename T, typename U> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &j);
template<typename... T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const tuple<T...> &t);
template<class C, enable_if_t<!is_same<C, string>::value, decltype(declval<const C &>().begin(), nullptr)> = nullptr> ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const C &c);
template<typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const stack<T> &j);
template<typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const queue<T> &j);
template<typename T, typename C, typename Cmp> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const priority_queue<T, C, Cmp> &j);
// IMPLEMENTATION
template<typename T, typename U> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &j) { return os << '{' << j.first << ", " << j.second << '}'; }
template<size_t num = 0, typename... T> enable_if_t<num == sizeof...(T)> PRINT_TUPLE(ostream &os, const tuple<T...> &t) {}
template<size_t num = 0, typename... T> enable_if_t<num <  sizeof...(T)> PRINT_TUPLE(ostream &os, const tuple<T...> &t) { os << get<num>(t); if (num + 1 < sizeof...(T)) os << ", "; PRINT_TUPLE<num + 1>(os, t); }
template<typename... T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const tuple<T...> &t) { PRINT_TUPLE(os << '{', t); return os << '}'; }
template<class C, enable_if_t<!is_same<C, string>::value, decltype(declval<const C &>().begin(), nullptr)>> ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const C &c) { os << '{'; for (auto it = begin(c); it != end(c); it++) { if (begin(c) != it) os << ", "; os << *it; } return os << '}'; }
template<typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const stack<T> &j) { deque<T> d; for (auto c = j; !c.empty(); c.pop()) d.push_front(c.top());  return os << d; }
template<typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const queue<T> &j) { deque<T> d; for (auto c = j; !c.empty(); c.pop()) d.push_back(c.front()); return os << d; }
template<typename T, typename C, typename Cmp> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const priority_queue<T, C, Cmp> &j) { deque<T> d; for (auto c = j; !c.empty(); c.pop()) d.push_front(c.top());  return os << d; }
// OUTPUT FUNCTION
template<typename T> int PV(T &v) { int sz = v.size(); for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) cout << v[i] << " \n"[i == sz - 1]; return 0; }
inline int print() { cout << endl; return 0; }
template<typename Head> int print(Head&& head){ cout << head; return print(); }
template<typename Head, typename... Tail> int print(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { cout << head << " "; return print(forward<Tail>(tail)...); }
#ifdef LOCAL
inline void dump() { cerr << endl; }
template<typename Head> void dump(Head&& head) { cerr << head; dump(); }
template<typename Head, typename... Tail> void dump(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { cerr << head << ", "; dump(forward<Tail>(tail)...); }
#define debug(...) do {cerr << __LINE__ << ":\t" << #__VA_ARGS__ << " = "; dump(__VA_ARGS__); } while (false)
#else
#define dump(...)
#define debug(...)
#endif
/* OTHER */
#define fi              first
#define se              second
#define MP              make_pair
#define MT              make_tuple
template<typename T, typename A, typename B> inline bool between(T x, A a, B b) { return ((a <= x) && (x < b)); }
template<typename A, typename B> inline bool chmax(A &a, const B &b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<typename A, typename B> inline bool chmin(A &a, const B &b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
inline ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; }
inline ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
inline ll POW(ll a, ll b) { ll r = 1; do { if (b & 1)  r *= a; a *= a; } while (b >>= 1); return r; }
struct abracadabra {
    abracadabra() {
        cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
        cout << fixed << setprecision(20);
        cerr << fixed << setprecision(5);
    };
} ABRACADABRA;

#pragma endregion

/**
* @brief Binary Indexed Tree
* @docs docs/datastructure/binaryindexedtree.md
*/

template<typename T> struct BinaryIndexedTree {
    vector<T> data;
    BinaryIndexedTree(int sz) { data.assign(++sz, 0); }
    T sum(int k) {
        if (k < 0) return T(0);
        T ret = 0;
        for (++k; k > 0; k -= k & -k) ret += data[k];
        return (ret);
    }
    T sum(int l, int r) {
        assert(l <= r);
        return sum(r - 1) - sum(l - 1);
    }
    void add(int k, T x) {
        for (++k; k < data.size(); k += k & -k) data[k] += x;
    }
};

int solve();

signed main() {

    // int _T; cin >> _T; for (int t = 1; t <= _T; ++t)
    solve();

}

int solve() {

    SS(int, N, Q);
    SV(int, C, N);

    vpii query(Q);
    REP(i, Q) cin >> query[i].fi >> query[i].se;
    REP(i, Q) query[i].fi--, query[i].se--;

    vpii order(query);
    unordered_map<pii, int> mp;

    sort(query.begin(), query.end(), [](pii a, pii b){
        if (a.se == b.se) return a.fi < b.fi;
        return a.se < b.se;
    });

    BinaryIndexedTree<int> bit(N);
    vi lst(N + 1, -1);
    int R = -1;

    for (auto& [l, r]: query) {
        while (R < r) {
            ++R;
            if (lst[C[R]] != -1) bit.add(lst[C[R]], -1);
            lst[C[R]] = R;
            bit.add(lst[C[R]], 1);
        }
        mp[pii(l, r)] = bit.sum(l, r + 1);
    }

    for (auto& p: order) print(mp[p]);

    return 0;

}


Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'int solve()':
a.cc:158:29: error: use of deleted function 'std::unordered_map<_Key, _Tp, _Hash, _Pred, _Alloc>::unordered_map() [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>; _Tp = int; _Hash = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >; _Pred = std::equal_to<std::pair<int, int> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >]'
  158 |     unordered_map<pii, int> mp;
      |                             ^~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/unordered_map:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/functional:63,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:53,
                 from a.cc:4:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/unordered_map.h:148:7: note: 'std::unordered_map<_Key, _Tp, _Hash, _Pred, _Alloc>::unordered_map() [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>; _Tp = int; _Hash = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >; _Pred = std::equal_to<std::pair<int, int> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >]' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
  148 |       unordered_map() = default;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/unordered_map.h: At global scope:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/unordered_map.h:148:7: error: use of deleted function 'std::_Hashtable<_Key, _Value, _Alloc, _ExtractKey, _Equal, _Hash, _RangeHash, _Unused, _RehashPolicy, _Traits>::_Hashtable() [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>; _Value = std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int>; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >; _ExtractKey = std::__detail::_Select1st; _Equal = std::equal_to<std::pair<int, int> >; _Hash = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >; _RangeHash = std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing; _Unused = std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash; _RehashPolicy = std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy; _Traits = std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true>]'
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/unordered_map.h:33:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable.h:539:7: note: 'std::_Hashtable<_Key, _Value, _Alloc, _ExtractKey, _Equal, _Hash, _RangeHash, _Unused, _RehashPolicy, _Traits>::_Hashtable() [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>; _Value = std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int>; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >; _ExtractKey = std::__detail::_Select1st; _Equal = std::equal_to<std::pair<int, int> >; _Hash = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >; _RangeHash = std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing; _Unused = std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash; _RehashPolicy = std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy; _Traits = std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true>]' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
  539 |       _Hashtable() = default;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable.h:539:7: error: use of deleted function 'std::__detail::_Hashtable_base<_Key, _Value, _ExtractKey, _Equal, _Hash, _RangeHash, _Unused, _Traits>::_Hashtable_base() [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>; _Value = std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int>; _ExtractKey = std::__detail::_Select1st; _Equal = std::equal_to<std::pair<int, int> >; _Hash = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >; _RangeHash = std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing; _Unused = std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash; _Traits = std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true>]'
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable.h:35:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1731:7: note: 'std::__detail::_Hashtable_base<_Key, _Value, _ExtractKey, _Equal, _Hash, _RangeHash, _Unused, _Traits>::_Hashtable_base() [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>; _Value = std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int>; _ExtractKey = std::__detail::_Select1st; _Equal = std::equal_to<std::pair<int, int> >; _Hash = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >; _RangeHash = std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing; _Unused = std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash; _Traits = std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true>]' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
 1731 |       _Hashtable_base() = default;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1731:7: error: use of deleted function 'std::__detail::_Hash_code_base<_Key, _Value, _ExtractKey, _Hash, _RangeHash, _Unused, __cache_hash_code>::_Hash_code_base() [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>; _Value = std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int>; _ExtractKey = std::__detail::_Select1st; _Hash = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >; _RangeHash = std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing; _Unused = std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash; bool __cache_hash_code = true]'
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h: In instantiation of 'std::__detail::_Hashtable_ebo_helper<_Nm, _Tp, true>::_Hashtable_ebo_helper() [with int _Nm = 1; _Tp = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1328:7:   required from here
 1328 |       _Hash_code_base() = default;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1245:49: error: use of deleted function 'std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >::hash()'
 1245 |       _Hashtable_ebo_helper() noexcept(noexcept(_Tp())) : _Tp() { }
      |                                                 ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/string_view:50,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/basic_string.h:47,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/string:54,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bitset:52,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:52:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:102:12: note: 'std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >::hash()' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
  102 |     struct hash : __hash_enum<_Tp>
      |            ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:102:12: error: no matching function for call to 'std::__hash_enum<std::pair<int, int>, false>::__hash_enum()'
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:83:7: note: candidate: 'std::__hash_enum<_Tp, <anonymous> >::__hash_enum(std::__hash_enum<_Tp, <anonymous> >&&) [with _Tp = std::pair<int, int>; bool <anonymous> = false]'
   83 |       __hash_enum(__hash_enum&&);
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:83:7: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:102:12: error: 'std::__hash_enum<_Tp, <anonymous> >::~__hash_enum() [with _Tp = std::pair<int, int>; bool <anonymous> = false]' is private within this context
  102 |     struct hash : __hash_enum<_Tp>
      |            ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:84:7: note: declared private here
   84 |       ~__hash_enum();
      |       ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1245:49: note: use '-fdiagnostics-all-candidates' to display considered candidates
 1245 |       _Hashtable_ebo_helper() noexcept(noexcept(_Tp())) : _Tp() { }
      |                                                 ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1328:7: note: 'std::__detail::_Hash_code_base<_Key, _Value, _ExtractKey, _Hash, _RangeHash, _Unused, __cache_hash_code>::_Hash_code_base() [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>; _Value = std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int>; _ExtractKey = std::__detail::_Select1st; _Hash = std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >; _RangeHash = std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing; _Unused = std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash; bool __cache_hash_code = true]' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
 1328 |       _Hash_code_base() = default;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1328:7: error: use of deleted function 'std::__detail::_Hashtable_ebo_helper<1, std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >, true>::~_Hashtable_ebo_helper()'
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1242:12: note: 'std::__detail::_Hashtable_ebo_helper<1, std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >, true>::~_Hashtable_ebo_helper()' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
 1242 |     struct _Hashtable_ebo_helper<_Nm, _Tp, true>
      |            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1242:12: error: use of deleted function 'std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >::~hash()'
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:102:12: note: 'std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >::~hash()' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
  102 |     struct hash : __hash_enum<_Tp>
      |            ^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:102:12: error: 'std::__hash_enum<_Tp, <anonymous> >::~__hash_enum() [with _Tp = std::pair<int, int>; bool <anonymous> = false]' is private within this context
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/functional_hash.h:84:7: note: declared private here
   84 |       ~__hash_enum();
      |       ^
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1731:7: note: use '-fdiagnostics-all-candidates' to display considered candidates
 1731 |       _Hashtable_base() = default;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1731:7: error: use of deleted function 'std::__detail::_Hash_code_base<std::pair<int, int>, std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int>, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, true>::~_Hash_code_base()'
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1306:12: note: 'std::__detail::_Hash_code_base<std::pair<int, int>, std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int>, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, true>::~_Hash_code_base()' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
 1306 |     struct _Hash_code_base
      |            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1306:12: error: use of deleted function 'std::__detail::_Hashtable_ebo_helper<1, std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >, true>::~_Hashtable_ebo_helper()'
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable.h:539:7: note: use '-fdiagnostics-all-candidates' to display considered candidates
  539 |       _Hashtable() = default;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/hashtable.h:539:7: error: use of deleted fun