Language: C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// types
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef pair<int,int> pii;
typedef pair<ll,ll> pll;
typedef pair<ld,ld> pdd;
typedef vector<ll> vll;

// macros
#define ALL(a) a.begin(),a.end()
#define SZ(a) ((int)a.size())
#define FI first
#define SE second
#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<((int)n);i++)
#define REP1(i,n) for(int i=1;i<((int)n);i++)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define PB push_back
#define EB emplace_back
#define MP(a,b) make_pair(a,b)
#define SORT_UNIQUE(c) (sort(c.begin(),c.end()), c.resize(distance(c.begin(),unique(c.begin(),c.end()))))
#define GET_POS(c,x) (lower_bound(c.begin(),c.end(),x)-c.begin())
#define Decimal fixed<<setprecision(20)
#define INF 1000000000
#define LLINF 1000000000000000000LL

// constants
const int inf = 1e9;
const ll linf = 1LL << 50;
const double eps = 1e-10;
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
const int dx[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};
const int dy[4] = {0, -1, 0, 1};




int main(){
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(NULL);
  
  ll n,q;
  string s;
  cin>>n>>s>>q;
  vector<string> qu[q];
  REP(i,q){
    char nq,iq,cq;
    cin>>nq>>iq>>cq;
    qu[i].push_back(nq);
    qu[i].push_back(iq);
    qu[i].push_back(cq);
  }
  
  set<ll> s[26];
  REP(i,n){
    ll index = s[i]-'a';
    set[index].insert(i);
  }
  
  REP(i,q){
    if(qu[i][0]-'0'==1){
      ll index = stoi(qu[i][1])-1;
      ll before = s[index]-'a';
      ll after = qu[i][2]-'a';
      auto it = lower_bound(s[before].begin, 
                            s[before].end(), index);
      s[before].erase(it);
      s[after].insert(index);
    }
    
    if(qu[i][0]-'0'==2){
      ll ans=0;
      ll l=stoi(qu[i][1])-1;
      ll r=stoi(qu[i][2])-1;
      REP(j,26){
        auto it = lower_bound(s[j].begin, 
                            s[j].end(), l);
        ll index = it-s[j].begin();
        if(index<=r)
          ans++;        
      }
      cout<<ans<<endl;
    }
    
  }

}

Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'int main()':
a.cc:51:20: error: no matching function for call to 'std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::push_back(char&)'
   51 |     qu[i].push_back(nq);
      |     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/vector:66,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/functional:64,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:53,
                 from a.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1283:7: note: candidate: 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const value_type&) [with _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; value_type = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]'
 1283 |       push_back(const value_type& __x)
      |       ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1283:35: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'char' to 'const std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type&' {aka 'const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>&'}
 1283 |       push_back(const value_type& __x)
      |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1300:7: note: candidate: 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(value_type&&) [with _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; value_type = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]'
 1300 |       push_back(value_type&& __x)
      |       ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1300:30: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'char' to 'std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type&&' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>&&'}
 1300 |       push_back(value_type&& __x)
      |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
a.cc:52:20: error: no matching function for call to 'std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::push_back(char&)'
   52 |     qu[i].push_back(iq);
      |     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1283:7: note: candidate: 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const value_type&) [with _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; value_type = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]'
 1283 |       push_back(const value_type& __x)
      |       ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1283:35: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'char' to 'const std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type&' {aka 'const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>&'}
 1283 |       push_back(const value_type& __x)
      |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1300:7: note: candidate: 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(value_type&&) [with _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; value_type = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]'
 1300 |       push_back(value_type&& __x)
      |       ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1300:30: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'char' to 'std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type&&' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>&&'}
 1300 |       push_back(value_type&& __x)
      |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
a.cc:53:20: error: no matching function for call to 'std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::push_back(char&)'
   53 |     qu[i].push_back(cq);
      |     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1283:7: note: candidate: 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const value_type&) [with _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; value_type = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]'
 1283 |       push_back(const value_type& __x)
      |       ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1283:35: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'char' to 'const std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type&' {aka 'const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>&'}
 1283 |       push_back(const value_type& __x)
      |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1300:7: note: candidate: 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(value_type&&) [with _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; value_type = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]'
 1300 |       push_back(value_type&& __x)
      |       ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_vector.h:1300:30: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'char' to 'std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type&&' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>&&'}
 1300 |       push_back(value_type&& __x)
      |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
a.cc:56:11: error: conflicting declaration 'std::set<long long int> s [26]'
   56 |   set<ll> s[26];
      |           ^
a.cc:45:10: note: previous declaration as 'std::string s'
   45 |   string s;
      |          ^
a.cc:59:9: error: conflicting declaration 'auto index'
   59 |     set[index].insert(i);
      |         ^~~~~
a.cc:58:8: note: previous declaration as 'll index'
   58 |     ll index = s[i]-'a';
      |        ^~~~~
a.cc:59:15: error: expected initializer before '.' token
   59 |     set[index].insert(i);
      |               ^
a.cc:63:16: error: no match for 'operator-' (operand types are '__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>'} and 'char')
   63 |     if(qu[i][0]-'0'==1){
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:67,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:60,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:51:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:618:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr decltype ((__y.base() - __x.base())) std::operator-(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const reverse_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
  618 |     operator-(const reverse_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:618:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:63:17: note:   '__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>'
   63 |     if(qu[i][0]-'0'==1){
      |                 ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1790:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr decltype ((__x.base() - __y.base())) std::operator-(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, const move_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
 1790 |     operator-(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1790:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:63:17: note:   '__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>'
   63 |     if(qu[i][0]-'0'==1){
      |                 ^~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/ccomplex:39,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:127:
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:370:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&, const complex<_Tp>&)'
  370 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:370:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:63:17: note:   '__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::complex<_Tp>'
   63 |     if(qu[i][0]-'0'==1){
      |                 ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:379:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&, const _Tp&)'
  379 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:379:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:63:17: note:   '__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::complex<_Tp>'
   63 |     if(qu[i][0]-'0'==1){
      |                 ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:388:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const _Tp&, const complex<_Tp>&)'
  388 |     operator-(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:388:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:63:17: note:   mismatched types 'const std::complex<_Tp>' and 'char'
   63 |     if(qu[i][0]-'0'==1){
      |                 ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:465:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&)'
  465 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:465:5: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/valarray:605,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:166:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom1, class _Dom2> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_Expr, _Dom1, _Dom2>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const _Expr<_Dom2, typename _Dom2::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:63:17: note:   '__gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >::value_type' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::_Ex