Language: C++

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma region Macros
#define ll long long
#define ld long double
#define FOR(i,l,r) for(int i=(l);i<(r);++i)
#define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n)
#define REPS(i,n) FOR(i,1,n+1)
#define RFOR(i,l,r) for(int i=(l);i>=(r);--i)
#define RREP(i,n) RFOR(i,n-1,0)
#define RREPS(i,n) RFOR(i,n,1)
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(),(x).rend()
template<class T = ll> using V = vector<T>;
template<class T = ll> using VV = V<V<T>>;
using P = pair<ll, ll>;
#define VEC(type, name, size)\
    V<type> name(size);\
    IN(name)
#define VVEC(type, name, h, w)\
    VV<type> name(h, V<type>(w));\
    IN(name)
#define INT(...)\
    int __VA_ARGS__;\
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LL(...)\
    ll __VA_ARGS__;\
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define STR(...)\
    string __VA_ARGS__;\
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define CHAR(...)\
    char __VA_ARGS__;\
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define DOUBLE(...)\
    DOUBLE __VA_ARGS__;\
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LD(...)\
    LD __VA_ARGS__;\
    IN(__VA_ARGS__)
template <class T> void scan(T a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(int &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(long long &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(char &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(double &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(long double &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(char a[]) { scanf("%s", a); }
void scan(string &a) { cin >> a; }
template <class T> void scan(V<T> &);
template <class T, class L> void scan(pair<T, L> &);
template <class T> void scan(V<T> &a) { for(auto &i : a) scan(i); }
template <class T, class L> void scan(pair<T, L> &p){ scan(p.first); scan(p.second); }
template <class T> void scan(T &a) { cin >> a; }
void IN() {}
template <class Head, class... Tail> void IN(Head &head, Tail &... tail) { scan(head); IN(tail...); }
template <class T> inline void print(T x){ cout << x << '\n';}
struct inputoutputfaster{
    inputoutputfaster(){
        ios::sync_with_stdio(false);\
        cin.tie(nullptr);
        cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
    }
}inputoutputfaster_;
template <class T> V<T> press(V<T> &x){ 
    V<T> res = x;
    sort(all(res));
    res.erase(unique(all(res)), res.end());
    REP(i, SZ(x)){
        x[i] = lower_bound(all(res), x[i]) - res.begin();
    }
    return res;
}
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) {if (a > b) {a = b; return true; }return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) {if (a < b) {a = b; return true; }return false; }
inline void Yes(bool b = true) {cout << (b ? "Yes" : "No") << '\n';}
inline void YES(bool b = true) {cout << (b ? "YES" : "NO") << '\n';}
inline void err(bool b = true) {if(b) {cout << -1 << '\n'; exit(0);}}
template<class T> inline void fin(bool b = true, T e = 0) {if(b) {cout << e << '\n'; exit(0);}}
template<class T> T divup(T x, T y) {return (x+(y-1))/y;}
template <typename T> T pow(T a, long long n, T e = 1) {T ret = e; while (n) {if (n & 1) ret *= a; a *= a; n >>= 1; } return ret; }
const int inf = 1e9;
const ll INF = 1e18;
#pragma endregion

template <typename T>
void view(const V<T> &v) {
	cerr << "{ ";
	for(const auto &e : v) {
		cerr << e << ", ";
	}
	cerr << "\b\b }";
}
template <typename T>
void view(const VV<T> &vv) {
	cerr << "{\n";
	for(const auto &v : vv) {
		cerr << "\t";
		view(v);
		cerr << "\n";
	}
	cerr << "}";
}
template <typename T, typename U>
void view(const V<pair<T, U>> &v) {
	cerr << "{\n";
	for(const auto &c : v) {
		cerr << "\t(" << c.first << ", " << c.second << ")\n";
	}
	cerr << "}";
}
template <typename T, typename U>
void view(const map<T, U> &m) {
	cerr << "{\n";
	for(auto &t : m) {
		cerr << "\t[" << t.first << "] : " << t.second << "\n";
	}
	cerr << "}";
}
template <typename T, typename U>
void view(const pair<T, U> &p) {
	cerr << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")";
}
template <typename T>
void view(const set<T> &s) {
	cerr << "{ ";
	for(auto &t : s) {
		view(t);
		cerr << ", ";
	}
	cerr << "\b\b }";
}
template <typename T>
void view(T e) {
	cerr << e;
}
#ifdef LOCAL
void debug_out() {}
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
	view(H);
	cerr << ", ";
	debug_out(T...);
}
#define debug(...)                                           \
	do {                                                     \
		cerr << __LINE__ << " [" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "] : ["; \
		debug_out(__VA_ARGS__);                              \
		cerr << "\b\b]\n";                                   \
	} while(0)
#define dump(x)                                 \
	do {                                        \
		cerr << __LINE__ << " " << #x << " : "; \
		view(x);                                \
		cerr << "\n";                           \
	} while(0)
#else
#define debug(...) ()
#define dump(x) ()
#endif

int main(){
    INT(n);
    VEC(int, a, n);
    REP(i, n) debug(a);
    int now = 0, res = 0;
    REP(i, n) if(!chmax(now, a[i])) res += now - a[i];
    print(res);
}

Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'int main()':
a.cc:160:21: error: expected primary-expression before ')' token
  160 | #define debug(...) ()
      |                     ^
a.cc:167:15: note: in expansion of macro 'debug'
  167 |     REP(i, n) debug(a);
      |               ^~~~~