Language: C++

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
int main(){
int N;
cin >> N;
vector<int> P(N);
map<int,int> S;
for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) cin >> P[i];

for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
  S[P[i]] = i;
}

sort(S.begin(),S.end());
int count = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++){
  if(S[P[i]] < S[P[i + 1]]){ count += 1;}
}
cout << count;
 return 0;
}

Compiler output:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:61,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:51,
                 from a.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h: In instantiation of 'void std::__sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = _Rb_tree_iterator<pair<const int, int> >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:4772:18:   required from 'void std::sort(_RAIter, _RAIter) [with _RAIter = _Rb_tree_iterator<pair<const int, int> >]'
 4772 |       std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_less_iter());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:15:5:   required from here
   15 | sort(S.begin(),S.end());
      | ~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: error: no match for 'operator-' (operand types are 'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' and 'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >')
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:67,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/algorithm:60:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:618:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr decltype ((__y.base() - __x.base())) std::operator-(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const reverse_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
  618 |     operator-(const reverse_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:618:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1790:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr decltype ((__x.base() - __y.base())) std::operator-(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, const move_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
 1790 |     operator-(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1790:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:166:
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Constant, std::_ValArray, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator-(const typename valarray<_Tp>::value_type&, const valarray<_Tp>&)'
 1197 | _DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, __minus)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::valarray<_Tp>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_ValArray, std::_Constant, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator-(const valarray<_Tp>&, const typename valarray<_Tp>::value_type&)'
 1197 | _DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, __minus)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::valarray<_Tp>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_ValArray, std::_ValArray, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator-(const valarray<_Tp>&, const valarray<_Tp>&)'
 1197 | _DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, __minus)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/valarray:1197:1: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::valarray<_Tp>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/valarray:605:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_ValArray, std::_Expr, typename _Dom::value_type, _Dom>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const valarray<typename _Dom::value_type>&, const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_ValArray, _Dom, typename _Dom::value_type>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const valarray<typename _Dom::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Constant, std::_Expr, typename _Dom::value_type, _Dom>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const typename _Dom::value_type&, const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_Constant, _Dom, typename _Dom::value_type>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const typename _Dom::value_type&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom1, class _Dom2> std::_Expr<std::__detail::_BinClos<std::__minus, std::_Expr, std::_Expr, _Dom1, _Dom2>, typename std::__fun<std::__minus, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator-(const _Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const _Expr<_Dom2, typename _Dom2::value_type>&)'
  406 |     _DEFINE_EXPR_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, struct std::__minus)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/valarray_after.h:406:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1906:50: note:   'std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const int, int> >' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>'
 1906 |                                 std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2,
      |                                           ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/ccomplex:39,
                 from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/14/bits/stdc++.h:127:
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:465:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::operator-(const complex<_Tp>&)'
  465 |     operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:465:5: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
/usr/include/c++/14/complex:388:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> std::