Language: C++

#include <iostream>
#include <complex>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

template<typename T>
bool operator<(const complex<T>& a, const complex<T>& b){
  return (a.real()<b.real())||(a.real()==b.real() && a.imag()<b.imag());
}

int main(){
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  vector<complex<int> > v;

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    int x,y;
    cin >> x >> y;
    v.push_back(complex<int>(x,y));
  }

  sort(v.begin(),v.end());

  vector<complex<int> > u,b;
  int i;
  for(i=0;v[i].real()==v[0].real();i++) ;
  u.push_back(v[i-1]);
  b.push_back(v[0]);


  int j=i;
  while(u.back().real()!=v.back().real()){
    u.push_back(v[j]);	//??\????????????
    int l=u.size();

//l=2 ??? (l>3and(u[l-2]-u[l-3]?????????u[l-1]-u[l-2]??????????§??????§??????))??????OK
//???????????°?¬????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????´???

    if(l==2) j++;
    else if(arg(u[l-2]-u[l-3])>arg(u[l-1]-u[l-2])) j++;
    else{
      u.pop_back();
      u.pop_back();
    }
  }
  u.pop_back();
  u.push_back(v[n-1]);

  j=i;
  while(b.back().real()!=v.back().real()){
    b.push_back(v[j]);	//??\????????????
    int l=b.size();

//l=2 ??? (l>3and(b[l-2]-b[l-3]?????????b[l-1]-b[l-2]??????????§?????°???????))??????OK
//???????????°?¬????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????´???

    if(l==2) j++;
    else if(arg(u[l-2]-u[l-3])<arg(u[l-1]-u[l-2])) j++;
    else{
      u.pop_back();
      u.pop_back();
    }
  }

  if(u.back()==b.back()) b.pop_back();

  vector<complex<int>> ru;
  for(int k=0;k<u.size();k++)
    ru[k]=u[u.size()-1-k];

  if(ru.back()==b.front()) ru.pop_back();

  b.insert(b.end(),ru.begin(),ru.end());

  for(i=b.size();i<b.size()*2;i++)
    if(b[(i-1)%b.size()].imag()>b[i%b.size()].imag() && b[i%b.size()].imag()<=b[(i+1)%b.size()].imag())
      break;

  cout << b.size() << endl;
  for(int k=0;k<b.size();k++)
    cout << b[(i+k)%b.size()].real() << ' ' << b[(i+k)%b.size()].imag() << endl;
  
  return 0;
}

Compiler output:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:71,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/string:51,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/ios_base.h:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/ios:44,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/ostream:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/iostream:41,
                 from a.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of 'constexpr bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter::operator()(_Iterator1, _Iterator2) const [with _Iterator1 = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::complex<int>*, std::vector<std::complex<int> > >; _Iterator2 = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::complex<int>*, std::vector<std::complex<int> > >]':
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1777:14:   required from 'void std::__insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<complex<int>*, vector<complex<int> > >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1777 |           if (__comp(__i, __first))
      |               ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1817:25:   required from 'void std::__final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<complex<int>*, vector<complex<int> > >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1817 |           std::__insertion_sort(__first, __first + int(_S_threshold), __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:1908:31:   required from 'void std::__sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<complex<int>*, vector<complex<int> > >; _Compare = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter]'
 1908 |           std::__final_insertion_sort(__first, __last, __comp);
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algo.h:4772:18:   required from 'void std::sort(_RAIter, _RAIter) [with _RAIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<complex<int>*, vector<complex<int> > >]'
 4772 |       std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_less_iter());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:23:7:   required from here
   23 |   sort(v.begin(),v.end());
      |   ~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: error: no match for 'operator<' (operand types are 'std::complex<int>' and 'std::complex<int>')
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/string:48:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1241:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR, class _Container> bool __gnu_cxx::operator<(const __normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>&, const __normal_iterator<_IteratorR, _Container>&)'
 1241 |     operator<(const __normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1241:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_IteratorL, _Container>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1249:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Iterator, class _Container> bool __gnu_cxx::operator<(const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>&, const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>&)'
 1249 |     operator<(const __normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1249:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'const __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:448:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Iterator> constexpr bool std::operator<(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&)'
  448 |     operator<(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:448:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:493:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr bool std::operator<(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const reverse_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
  493 |     operator<(const reverse_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:493:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1694:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> constexpr bool std::operator<(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, const move_iterator<_IteratorR>&)'
 1694 |     operator<(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1694:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1760:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _Iterator> constexpr bool std::operator<(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, const move_iterator<_IteratorL>&)'
 1760 |     operator<(const move_iterator<_Iterator>& __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_iterator.h:1760:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:64:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_pair.h:1045:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _T1, class _T2> constexpr bool std::operator<(const pair<_T1, _T2>&, const pair<_T1, _T2>&)'
 1045 |     operator<(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_pair.h:1045:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'const std::pair<_T1, _T2>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/basic_string.h:47,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/string:54:
/usr/include/c++/14/string_view:673:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> constexpr bool std::operator<(basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>, basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>)'
  673 |     operator< (basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/string_view:673:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'std::basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/string_view:680:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> constexpr bool std::operator<(basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>, __type_identity_t<basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> >)'
  680 |     operator< (basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/string_view:680:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'std::basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/string_view:688:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> constexpr bool std::operator<(__type_identity_t<basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> >, basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>)'
  688 |     operator< (__type_identity_t<basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>> __x,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/string_view:688:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'std::basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/basic_string.h:3874:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> bool std::operator<(const __cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&, const __cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&)'
 3874 |     operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/basic_string.h:3874:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/predefined_ops.h:45:23: note:   'std::complex<int>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>'
   45 |       { return *__it1 < *__it2; }
      |                ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/basic_string.h:3888:5: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> bool std::operator<(const __cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&, const _CharT*)'
 3888 |     operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
      |     ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/bits/basi