Language: C++

v#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <assert.h>   
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <time.h>
#include <numeric>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <stack>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <deque>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;


//#define double long double
//#define int long long
//#define int unsigned long long

#define ll long long
#define ld long double 
#define pi pair<int, int> 
#define pl pair<ll,ll>  
#define pd pair<ld,ld> 
#define str string  
#define mp make_pair
#define vi vector<int> 
#define vl vector<ll> 
#define vd vector<ld> 
#define vs vector<str> 
#define vpi vector<pi> 
#define vpl vector<pl> 
#define vpd vector<pd> 
#define si set<int> 
#define FF(i,j,n) for(signed i=j;i<=n;i++)  
#define DD(i,j,n) for(signed i=j;i>=n;i--) 
#define F(i,j,n) for(signed i=j;i<n;i++)   
#define D(i,j,n) for(signed i=j;i>n;i--) 
#define mem(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define ndl cout << endl
#define ull unsigned long long 

const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const ll INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;


#define sz(x) (signed)x.size()
#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)
#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend() 
#define rsz resize
#define ins insert 
#define ft front() 
#define bk back() 
#define X first
#define Y second
#define pf push_front 
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back 
#define lb lower_bound 
#define ub upper_bound 
#define IOS ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(NULL);cout.tie(NULL);
#define SHOWVECTOR(v) {std::cerr << #v << "\t: ";for(const auto& xxx : v){std::cerr << xxx << " ";}std::cerr << "\n";}
#define SHOWVECTOR2(v) {std::cerr << #v << "\t:\n";for(const auto& xxx : v){for(const auto& yyy : xxx){std::cerr << yyy << " ";}std::cerr << "\n";}}
#define SHOWQUEUE(a) {auto tmp(a);std::cerr << #a << "\t: ";while(!tmp.empty()){std::cerr << tmp.front() << " ";tmp.pop();}std::cerr << "\n";}
#define SHOWSTACK(a) {auto tmp(a);std::cerr << #a << "\t: ";while(!tmp.empty()){std::cerr << tmp.top() << " ";tmp.pop();}std::cerr << "\n";}
//math

const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

ll powmod(ll a,ll b) {ll res=1;a%=mod; assert(b>=0); for(;b;b>>=1){if(b&1)res=res*a%mod;a=a*a%mod;}return res;}
ll gcd(ll a,ll b) { return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
int pct(int x) { return __builtin_popcount(x); } 
int bit(int x) { return 31-__builtin_clz(x); } // floor(log2(x)) 
int cdiv(int a, int b) { return a/b+!(a<0||a%b == 0); } // division of a by b rounded up, assumes b > 0 



void DBG() { cerr << "]" << endl; }
template<class H, class... T> void DBG(H h, T... t) {
  cerr << to_string(h); if (sizeof...(t)) cerr << ", ";
  DBG(t...); }
#ifdef LOCAL 
#define dbg(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]: [", DBG(__VA_ARGS__)
#define HERE cout << "=====GOTHERE=====" << endl
#else
#define dbg(...) 42
#define HERE 42
#endif


 /* ============== END OF HEADER ============== */

const int N = 500005;
int n,_,q,k;
int m;
int c[N];
int maxn;
int sum = 0;
int ans[N];

int cnt[N];

struct query {
  int l, r, id;
  bool operator<(const query &x) const {
    if (l / maxn != x.l / maxn) return l < x.l;
    //奇偶排序，为了pointer防止过度震荡
    //奇数index r从小到大，偶数从大到小
    return (l / maxn) & 1 ? r < x.r : r > x.r;
  }
} a[N];

inline void add(int i){
	if(cnt[i]==0){
		sum +=1;
	}
	cnt[i]++;
}
inline void del(int i){
	if(cnt[i]==1){
		sum -= 1;
	}
	cnt[i]--;
}


void solve(){
	cin >> n >> m;
	FF(i,1,n){
		cin >> c[i];
	}
	maxn = 710;
	F(i,0,m){
		cin >> a[i].l >> a[i].r;
		a[i].id = i;
	}
	sort(a,a+m);
	for(register int i = 0,l=1,r=0; i<m; i++){
		//这四个while顺序不能乱
		while (l > a[i].l) add(c[--l]);
	    while (r < a[i].r) add(c[++r]);
	    while (l < a[i].l) del(c[l++]);
	    while (r > a[i].r) del(c[r--]);
	    ans[a[i].id] = sum;
	}
	for(register int i = 0; i < m; i++){
		cout << ans[i] << endl;
	}
}

signed main(){
  //clock_t t1 = clock();  
	IOS
	solve();
  
  //cout << "THE ALGORITHM TOOK: " << (clock() - t1) * 1.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC * 1000 << "ms"<< endl;
	return 0;
}

Compiler output:
a.cc:1:2: error: stray '#' in program
    1 | v#include <iostream>
      |  ^
a.cc:1:1: error: 'v' does not name a type; did you mean 'vi'?
    1 | v#include <iostream>
      | ^
      | vi
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:62,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/deque:62,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/queue:62,
                 from a.cc:2:
/usr/include/c++/14/ext/type_traits.h:164:35: error: 'constexpr const bool __gnu_cxx::__is_null_pointer' redeclared as different kind of entity
  164 |   __is_null_pointer(std::nullptr_t)
      |                                   ^
/usr/include/c++/14/ext/type_traits.h:159:5: note: previous declaration 'template<class _Type> constexpr bool __gnu_cxx::__is_null_pointer(_Type)'
  159 |     __is_null_pointer(_Type)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/ext/type_traits.h:164:26: error: 'nullptr_t' is not a member of 'std'
  164 |   __is_null_pointer(std::nullptr_t)
      |                          ^~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_pair.h:60,
                 from /usr/include/c++/14/bits/stl_algobase.h:64:
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:295:27: error: 'size_t' has not been declared
  295 |   template <typename _Tp, size_t = sizeof(_Tp)>
      |                           ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:666:33: error: 'nullptr_t' is not a member of 'std'
  666 |     struct is_null_pointer<std::nullptr_t>
      |                                 ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:666:42: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  666 |     struct is_null_pointer<std::nullptr_t>
      |                                          ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:670:48: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  670 |     struct is_null_pointer<const std::nullptr_t>
      |                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:674:51: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  674 |     struct is_null_pointer<volatile std::nullptr_t>
      |                                                   ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:678:57: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  678 |     struct is_null_pointer<const volatile std::nullptr_t>
      |                                                         ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:984:26: error: 'size_t' has not been declared
  984 |   template<typename _Tp, size_t _Size>
      |                          ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:985:40: error: '_Size' was not declared in this scope
  985 |     struct __is_array_known_bounds<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                                        ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:985:46: error: template argument 1 is invalid
  985 |     struct __is_array_known_bounds<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                                              ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1429:37: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'
 1429 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, alignof(_Tp)>
      |                                     ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1429:57: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1429 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, alignof(_Tp)>
      |                                                         ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1429:57: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1438:37: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'
 1438 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 0> { };
      |                                     ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1438:46: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1438 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 0> { };
      |                                              ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1438:46: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1440:26: error: 'std::size_t' has not been declared
 1440 |   template<typename _Tp, std::size_t _Size>
      |                          ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1441:21: error: '_Size' was not declared in this scope
 1441 |     struct rank<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                     ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1441:27: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1441 |     struct rank<_Tp[_Size]>
      |                           ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1442:37: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'
 1442 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 1 + rank<_Tp>::value> { };
      |                                     ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1442:65: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1442 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 1 + rank<_Tp>::value> { };
      |                                                                 ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1442:65: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1446:37: error: 'size_t' is not a member of 'std'
 1446 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 1 + rank<_Tp>::value> { };
      |                                     ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1446:65: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1446 |     : public integral_constant<std::size_t, 1 + rank<_Tp>::value> { };
      |                                                                 ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1446:65: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1451:32: error: 'size_t' was not declared in this scope
 1451 |     : public integral_constant<size_t, 0> { };
      |                                ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:64:1: note: 'size_t' is defined in header '<cstddef>'; this is probably fixable by adding '#include <cstddef>'
   63 | #include <bits/version.h>
  +++ |+#include <cstddef>
   64 | 
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1451:41: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1451 |     : public integral_constant<size_t, 0> { };
      |                                         ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1451:41: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1453:26: error: 'size_t' has not been declared
 1453 |   template<typename _Tp, size_t _Size>
      |                          ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1454:23: error: '_Size' was not declared in this scope
 1454 |     struct extent<_Tp[_Size], 0>
      |                       ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1454:32: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1454 |     struct extent<_Tp[_Size], 0>
      |                                ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1455:32: error: 'size_t' was not declared in this scope
 1455 |     : public integral_constant<size_t, _Size> { };
      |                                ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1455:32: note: 'size_t' is defined in header '<cstddef>'; this is probably fixable by adding '#include <cstddef>'
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1455:40: error: '_Size' was not declared in this scope
 1455 |     : public integral_constant<size_t, _Size> { };
      |                                        ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1455:45: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1455 |     : public integral_constant<size_t, _Size> { };
      |                                             ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1455:45: error: template argument 2 is invalid
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1457:42: error: 'size_t' has not been declared
 1457 |   template<typename _Tp, unsigned _Uint, size_t _Size>
      |                                          ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1458:23: error: '_Size' was not declared in this scope
 1458 |     struct extent<_Tp[_Size], _Uint>
      |                       ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1458:36: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1458 |     struct extent<_Tp[_Size], _Uint>
      |                                    ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1463:32: error: 'size_t' was not declared in this scope
 1463 |     : public integral_constant<size_t, 0> { };
      |                                ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1463:32: note: 'size_t' is defined in header '<cstddef>'; this is probably fixable by adding '#include <cstddef>'
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1463:41: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1463 |     : public integral_constant<size_t, 0> { };
      |                                         ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1463:41: note: invalid template non-type parameter
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1857:26: error: 'size_t' does not name a type
 1857 |       { static constexpr size_t __size = sizeof(_Tp); };
      |                          ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1857:26: note: 'size_t' is defined in header '<cstddef>'; this is probably fixable by adding '#include <cstddef>'
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1859:14: error: 'size_t' has not been declared
 1859 |     template<size_t _Sz, typename _Tp, bool = (_Sz <= _Tp::__size)>
      |              ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1859:48: error: '_Sz' was not declared in this scope
 1859 |     template<size_t _Sz, typename _Tp, bool = (_Sz <= _Tp::__size)>
      |                                                ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1860:14: error: no default argument for '_Tp'
 1860 |       struct __select;
      |              ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1862:14: error: 'size_t' has not been declared
 1862 |     template<size_t _Sz, typename _Uint, typename... _UInts>
      |              ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1863:23: error: '_Sz' was not declared in this scope
 1863 |       struct __select<_Sz, _List<_Uint, _UInts...>, true>
      |                       ^~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1863:57: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 1863 |       struct __select<_Sz, _List<_Uint, _UInts...>, true>
      |                                                         ^
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1866:14: error: 'size_t' has not been declared
 1866 |     template<size_t _Sz, typename _Uint, typename... _UInts>
      |              ^~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/14/type_traits:1867:23: error: '_Sz' was not declared in this scope
 1867 |       struct __select<_Sz, _List<_Uint, _UInts...>, false>
      |                       ^~~
/usr