Language: C++

/************************************************************
MiniSat -- Copyright (c) 2003-2006, Niklas Een, Niklas Sorensson
           Copyright (c) 2007-2010  Niklas Sorensson
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 ************************************************************/
#include <algorithm>
#include <assert.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <queue>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
// SAT Solver
// CDCL Solver
// Author togatoga
// https://github.com/togasakih/Togasat
namespace togasat {
using Var = int;
using CRef = int;
using lbool = int;
const CRef CRef_Undef = INT32_MAX;
class Solver {

private:
  const lbool l_True = 0;
  const lbool l_False = 1;
  const lbool l_Undef = 2;

  const int var_Undef = -1;

  // Literal
  struct Lit {
    int x;
    inline bool operator==(Lit p) const { return x == p.x; }
    inline bool operator!=(Lit p) const { return x != p.x; }
    inline bool operator<(Lit p) const { return x < p.x; }
    inline Lit operator~() {
      Lit q;
      q.x = x ^ 1;
      return q;
    }
  };

  inline Lit mkLit(Var var, bool sign) {
    Lit p;
    p.x = var + var + sign;
    return p;
  };
  inline bool sign(Lit p) const { return p.x & 1; }
  inline int var(Lit p) const { return p.x >> 1; }
  inline int toInt(Var v) { return v; }
  inline int toInt(Lit p) { return p.x; }
  inline Lit toLit(int x) {
    Lit p;
    p.x = x;
    return p;
  }
  const Lit lit_Undef = {-2};
  const Lit lit_Error = {-1};

  // lifted boolean
  // VarData
  struct VarData {
    CRef reason;
    int level;
  };
  inline VarData mkVarData(CRef cr, int l) {
    VarData d = {cr, l};
    return d;
  }
  // Watcher
  struct Watcher {
    CRef cref;
    Lit blocker;
    Watcher() {}
    Watcher(CRef cr, Lit p) : cref(cr), blocker(p) {}
    bool operator==(const Watcher &w) const { return cref == w.cref; }
    bool operator!=(const Watcher &w) const { return cref != w.cref; }
  };

  // Clause
  class Clause {
  public:
    struct {
      bool learnt;
      int size;
    } header;
    std::vector<Lit> data; //(x1 v x2 v not x3)
    Clause() {}
    Clause(const std::vector<Lit> &ps, bool learnt) {
      header.learnt = learnt;
      header.size = ps.size();
      for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++) {
        data.push_back(ps[i]);
      }
    }

    int size() const { return header.size; }
    bool learnt() const { return header.learnt; }
    Lit &operator[](int i) { return data[i]; }
    Lit operator[](int i) const { return data[i]; }
  };

  CRef alloc_clause(const std::vector<Lit> &ps, bool learnt = false) {
    static CRef res = 0;
    ca[res] = Clause(ps, learnt);
    return res++;
  }

  Var newVar(bool sign = true, bool dvar = true) {
    int v = nVars();

    assigns.push_back(l_Undef);
    vardata.push_back(mkVarData(CRef_Undef, 0));

    seen.push_back(false);
    polarity.push_back(sign);
    decision.push_back(0);
    setDecisionVar(v, dvar);
    return v;
  }

  bool addClause_(std::vector<Lit> &ps) {
    std::sort(ps.begin(), ps.end());
    // empty clause
    if (ps.size() == 0) {
      return false;
    } else if (ps.size() == 1) {
      uncheckedEnqueue(ps[0]);
    } else {
      CRef cr = alloc_clause(ps, false);
      clauses.insert(cr);
      attachClause(cr);
    }

    return true;
  }
  void attachClause(CRef cr) {
    const Clause &c = ca[cr];

    assert(c.size() > 1);

    watches[(~c[0]).x].push_back(Watcher(cr, c[1]));
    watches[(~c[1]).x].push_back(Watcher(cr, c[0]));
  }

  // Input
  void readClause(const std::string &line, std::vector<Lit> &lits) {
    lits.clear();
    int parsed_lit, var;
    parsed_lit = var = 0;
    bool neg = false;
    std::stringstream ss(line);
    while (ss) {
      int val;
      ss >> val;
      if (val == 0)
        break;
      var = abs(val) - 1;
      while (var >= nVars()) {
        newVar();
      }
      lits.push_back(val > 0 ? mkLit(var, false) : mkLit(var, true));
    }
  }

  std::unordered_map<CRef, Clause> ca; // store clauses
  std::unordered_set<CRef> clauses;    // original problem;
  std::unordered_set<CRef> learnts;
  std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<Watcher>> watches;
  std::vector<VarData> vardata; // store reason and level for each variable
  std::vector<bool> polarity;   // The preferred polarity of each variable
  std::vector<bool> decision;
  std::vector<bool> seen;
  // Todo
  int qhead;
  std::vector<Lit> trail;
  std::vector<int> trail_lim;
  // Todo rename(not heap)
  std::queue<Var> order_heap;
  std::vector<Lit> model;
  std::vector<Lit> conflict;
  int nVars() const { return vardata.size(); }
  int decisionLevel() const { return trail_lim.size(); }
  void newDecisionLevel() { trail_lim.push_back(trail.size()); }

  inline CRef reason(Var x) const { return vardata[x].reason; }
  inline int level(Var x) const { return vardata[x].level; }
  bool satisfied(const Clause &c) const {
    for (int i = 0; i < c.size(); i++) {
      if (value(c[i]) == l_True) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
  lbool value(Var p) const { return assigns[p]; }
  lbool value(Lit p) const {
    if (assigns[var(p)] == l_Undef) {
      return l_Undef;
    }
    return assigns[var(p)] ^ sign(p);
  }
  void setDecisionVar(Var v, bool b) {
    decision[v] = b;
    order_heap.push(v);
  }
  void uncheckedEnqueue(Lit p, CRef from = CRef_Undef) {
    assert(value(p) == l_Undef);
    assigns[var(p)] = sign(p);
    vardata[var(p)] = mkVarData(from, decisionLevel());
    trail.push_back(p);
  }
  // decision
  Lit pickBranchLit() {
    Var next = var_Undef;
    while (next == var_Undef or value(next) != l_Undef) {
      if (order_heap.empty()) {
        next = var_Undef;
        break;
      } else {
        next = order_heap.front();
        order_heap.pop();
      }
    }
    return next == var_Undef ? lit_Undef : mkLit(next, polarity[next]);
  }
  // clause learning
  void analyze(CRef confl, std::vector<Lit> &out_learnt, int &out_btlevel) {
    int pathC = 0;
    Lit p = lit_Undef;
    int index = trail.size() - 1;
    out_learnt.push_back(mkLit(0, false));
    do {
      assert(confl != CRef_Undef);
      Clause &c = ca[confl];
      for (int j = (p == lit_Undef) ? 0 : 1; j < c.size(); j++) {
        Lit q = c[j];
        if (not seen[var(q)] and level(var(q)) > 0) {
          seen[var(q)] = 1;
          if (level(var(q)) >= decisionLevel()) {
            pathC++;
          } else {
            out_learnt.push_back(q);
          }
        }
      }
      while (not seen[var(trail[index--])])
        ;
      p = trail[index + 1];
      confl = reason(var(p));
      seen[var(p)] = 0;
      pathC--;
    } while (pathC > 0);

    out_learnt[0] = ~p;

    // unit clause
    if (out_learnt.size() == 1) {
      out_btlevel = 0;
    } else {
      int max_i = 1;
      for (int i = 2; i < out_learnt.size(); i++) {
        if (level(var(out_learnt[i])) > level(var(out_learnt[max_i]))) {
          max_i = i;
        }
      }

      Lit p = out_learnt[max_i];
      out_learnt[max_i] = out_learnt[1];
      out_learnt[1] = p;
      out_btlevel = level(var(p));
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < out_learnt.size(); i++) {
      seen[var(out_learnt[i])] = false;
    }
  }

  // backtrack
  void cancelUntil(int level) {
    if (decisionLevel() > level) {
      for (int c = trail.size() - 1; c >= trail_lim[level]; c--) {
        Var x = var(trail[c]);
        assigns[x] = l_Undef;
        polarity[x] = sign(trail[c]);
        order_heap.push(x);
      }
      qhead = trail_lim[level];
      trail.erase(trail.end() - (trail.size() - trail_lim[level]), trail.end());
      trail_lim.erase(trail_lim.end() - (trail_lim.size() - level),
                      trail_lim.end());
    }
  }
  CRef propagate() {
    CRef confl = CRef_Undef;
    int num_props = 0;
    while (qhead < trail.size()) {
      Lit p = trail[qhead++]; // 'p' is enqueued fact to propagate.
      std::vector<Watcher> &ws = watches[p.x];
      std::vector<Watcher>::iterator i, j, end;
      num_props++;

      for (i = j = ws.begin(), end = i + ws.size(); i != end;) {
        // Try to avoid inspecting the clause:
        Lit blocker = i->blocker;
        if (value(blocker) == l_True) {
          *j++ = *i++;
          continue;
        }

        CRef cr = i->cref;
        Clause &c = ca[cr];
        Lit false_lit = ~p;
        if (c[0] == false_lit)
          c[0] = c[1], c[1] = false_lit;
        assert(c[1] == false_lit);
        i++;

        Lit first = c[0];
        Watcher w = Watcher(cr, first);
        if (first != blocker && value(first) == l_True) {
          *j++ = w;
          continue;
        }

        // Look for new watch:
        for (int k = 2; k < c.size(); k++)
          if (value(c[k]) != l_False) {
            c[1] = c[k];
            c[k] = false_lit;
            watches[(~c[1]).x].push_back(w);
            goto NextClause;
          }
        *j++ = w;
        if (value(first) == l_False) { // conflict
          confl = cr;
          qhead = trail.size();
          while (i < end)
            *j++ = *i++;
        } else {
          uncheckedEnqueue(first, cr);
        }
      NextClause:;
      }
      int size = i - j;
      ws.erase(ws.end() - size, ws.end());
    }
    return confl;
  }

  static double luby(double y, int x) {

    // Find the finite subsequence that contains index 'x', and the
    // size of that subsequence:
    int size, seq;
    for (size = 1, seq = 0; size < x + 1; seq++, size = 2 * size + 1)
      ;

    while (size - 1 != x) {
      size = (size - 1) >> 1;
      seq--;
      x = x % size;
    }

    return pow(y, seq);
  }

  lbool search(int nof_conflicts) {
    int backtrack_level;
    std::vector<Lit> learnt_clause;
    learnt_clause.push_back(mkLit(-1, false));
    int conflictC = 0;
    while (true) {
      CRef confl = propagate();

      if (confl != CRef_Undef) {
        // CONFLICT
        conflictC++;
        if (decisionLevel() == 0)
          return l_False;
        learnt_clause.clear();
        analyze(confl, learnt_clause, backtrack_level);
        cancelUntil(backtrack_level);
        if (learnt_clause.size() == 1) {
          uncheckedEnqueue(learnt_clause[0]);
        } else {
          CRef cr = alloc_clause(learnt_clause, true);
          learnts.insert(cr);
          attachClause(cr);
          uncheckedEnqueue(learnt_clause[0], cr);
        }

      } else {
        // NO CONFLICT
        if ((nof_conflicts >= 0 and conflictC >= nof_conflicts)) {
          cancelUntil(0);
          return l_Undef;
        }
        Lit next = pickBranchLit();

        if (next == lit_Undef) {
          return l_True;
        }
        newDecisionLevel();
        uncheckedEnqueue(next);
      }
    }
  };

public:
  std::vector<lbool> assigns; // The current assignments (ex assigns[0] = 0 ->
                              // X1 = True, assigns[1] = 1 -> X2 = False)
  lbool answer;               // SATISFIBLE 0 UNSATISFIBLE 1 UNKNOWN 2
  Solver() { qhead = 0; }
  void parse_dimacs_problem(std::string problem_name) {
    std::vector<Lit> lits;
    int vars = 0;
    int clauses = 0;
    std::string line;
    std::ifstream ifs(problem_name, std::ios_base::in);
    while (ifs.good()) {
      getline(ifs, line);
      if (line.size() > 0) {
        if (line[0] == 'p') {
          sscanf(line.c_str(), "p cnf %d %d", &vars, &clauses);
        } else if (line[0] == 'c' or line[0] == 'p') {
          continue;
        } else {
          readClause(line, lits);
          if (lits.size() > 0)
            addClause_(lits);
        }
      }
    }
    ifs.close();
  }
  lbool solve() {
    model.clear();
    conflict.clear();
    lbool status = l_Undef;
    answer = l_Undef;
    int curr_restarts = 0;
    double restart_inc = 2;
    double restart_first = 100;
    while (status == l_Undef) {
      double rest_base = luby(restart_inc, curr_restarts);
      status = search(rest_base * restart_first);
      curr_restarts++;
    }
    answer = status;
    return status;
  };

  void addClause(std::vector<int> &clause) {
    std::vector<Lit> lits;
    for (int i = 0; i < clause.size(); i++) {
      int var = abs(clause[i]) - 1;
      while (var >= nVars())
        newVar();
      lits.push_back(clause[i] > 0 ? mkLit(var, false) : mkLit(var, true));
    }
    addClause_(lits);
  }
  void print_answer() {
    if (answer == 0) {
      std::cout << "SAT" << std::endl;
      for (int i = 0; i < assigns.size(); i++) {
        if (assigns[i] == 0) {
          std::cout << (i + 1) << " ";
        } else {
          std::cout << -(i + 1) << " ";
        }
      }
      std::cout << "0" << std::endl;
    } else {
      std::cout << "UNSAT" << std::endl;
    }
  }
};
}

const int H = 8;
const int W = 8;
int N;
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  Togasat::Solver solver;
  Togasat::lbool status = solver.solve();
  cin >> N;
  //???????????????±????????£?????????
  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){
    int y,x;
    cin >> y >> x;
    vector<int> clause;
    int lit = y * H + x + 1;
    clause.push_back(lit);
    solver.addClause(clause);
  }
  
  //???°???????????¨?????????
  for (int x = 0; x < W; x++){
    vector<int> clause;
    for (int y = 0; y < H; y++){
      int lit = y * H + x + 1;
      clause.push_back(lit);
    }
    solver.addClause(clause);
  }
    
  for (int y = 0; y < H; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < W; x++){
      int lit = y * H + x + 1;
      int n_lit = -lit;
  
      //tate
      for (int k = y + 1; k < H; k++){
    vector<int> clause;
    int lit0 = k * H + x + 1;
    int n_lit0 =  -lit0;
    clause.push_back(n_lit);
    clause.push_back(n_lit0);
    solver.addClause(clause);
      }
      //yoko
      for (int k = x + 1; k < W; k++){
    vector<int> clause;
    int lit0 = y * H + k + 1;
    int n_lit0 =  -lit0;
    clause.push_back(n_lit);
    clause.push_back(n_lit0);
    solver.addClause(clause);
      }
      //migishita
      int d = 1;
      while (true){
    vector<int> clause;
    if (y + d >= H or x + d >= H){
      break;
    }
    int ny = y + d;
    int nx = x + d;
    int lit0 = ny * H + nx + 1;
    int n_lit0 =  -lit0;
  
    clause.push_back(n_lit);
    clause.push_back(n_lit0);
    solver.addClause(clause);
    d++;
      }
      //hidarishita
      d = 1;
      while (true){
    vector<int> clause;
    if (y + d >= H or x - d < 0){
      break;
    }
    int ny = y + d;
    int nx = x - d;
    int lit0 = ny * H + nx + 1;
    int n_lit0 =  -lit0;
  
    clause.push_back(n_lit);
    clause.push_back(n_lit0);
    solver.addClause(clause);
    d++;
        
      }
    }
  }
  solver.solve();
  //cout << solver.assigns.size() << endl;
  //cout <<solver.solve() << endl;
  for (int y = 0; y < H; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < W; x++){
      int index = y * H + x;
      //cout << solver.assigns.size() << " " << index << endl;
      if (solver.assigns[index] == 0){
    cout << "Q";
      }else{
    cout << ".";
      }
    }
    cout << endl;
  }
}

Compiler output:
a.cc:44:25: error: 'INT32_MAX' was not declared in this scope
   44 | const CRef CRef_Undef = INT32_MAX;
      |                         ^~~~~~~~~
a.cc:36:1: note: 'INT32_MAX' is defined in header '<cstdint>'; this is probably fixable by adding '#include <cstdint>'
   35 | #include <unordered_set>
  +++ |+#include <cstdint>
   36 | // SAT Solver
a.cc: In static member function 'static double togasat::Solver::luby(double, int)':
a.cc:389:12: error: 'pow' was not declared in this scope
  389 |     return pow(y, seq);
      |            ^~~
a.cc: In function 'int main(int, char**)':
a.cc:511:3: error: 'Togasat' has not been declared
  511 |   Togasat::Solver solver;
      |   ^~~~~~~
a.cc:512:3: error: 'Togasat' has not been declared
  512 |   Togasat::lbool status = solver.solve();
      |   ^~~~~~~
a.cc:521:5: error: 'solver' was not declared in this scope
  521 |     solver.addClause(clause);
      |     ^~~~~~
a.cc:531:5: error: 'solver' was not declared in this scope
  531 |     solver.addClause(clause);
      |     ^~~~~~
a.cc:546:5: error: 'solver' was not declared in this scope
  546 |     solver.addClause(clause);
      |     ^~~~~~
a.cc:555:5: error: 'solver' was not declared in this scope
  555 |     solver.addClause(clause);
      |     ^~~~~~
a.cc:571:5: error: 'solver' was not declared in this scope
  571 |     solver.addClause(clause);
      |     ^~~~~~
a.cc:588:5: error: 'solver' was not declared in this scope
  588 |     solver.addClause(clause);
      |     ^~~~~~
a.cc:594:3: error: 'solver' was not declared in this scope
  594 |   solver.solve();
      |   ^~~~~~