Language: C++


#if 1
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <array>
#include <deque>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <numeric>
#include <assert.h>
#include <bitset>
#include <list>
#include <cmath>

auto& in = std::cin;
auto& out = std::cout;
#define all_range(C) std::begin(C), std::end(C)
const double PI = 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944;


template<typename Arithmetic, typename Integral>
std::enable_if_t< std::is_unsigned<Integral>::value, Arithmetic>
ipow(Arithmetic bace, Integral n)
{
	//繰り返し二条法
	auto res = (Arithmetic)(1);
	while (n > 0) {
		if (n & 1) res *= bace;
		bace *= bace;
		n >>= 1;
	}
	return res;
}
constexpr bool is_prime(uint32_t N)
{
	if (N <= 1) {
		return false;
	}
	for (size_t i = 2; i * i <= N; ++i)
	{
		if (N % i == 0) {
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}
template <uint64_t MOD> class mint_base;
//mint_base_base型用の累乗関数
template <uint64_t MOD> constexpr mint_base<MOD> m_pow(mint_base<MOD> x, uint64_t n)noexcept;
//mod計算を自動で行う整数テンプレートクラス
template <uint64_t MOD_ = 1000000007>
class mint_base
{
public:
	static constexpr auto MOD = MOD_;
	static_assert(!(MOD <= 2), "MOD cannot be below 2.");
	static_assert(MOD <= (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF / 2), "MOD is too big");//加算してオーバーフローしない
	static_assert(MOD <= 0xFFFFFFFF, "MOD is too big");//乗算してオーバーフローしない
	constexpr mint_base<MOD> operator+(const mint_base<MOD>& other)const noexcept
	{
		auto v = *this;
		return v += other;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD> operator-(const mint_base<MOD>& other)const noexcept
	{
		auto v = *this;
		return v -= other;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD> operator*(const mint_base<MOD>& other)const noexcept
	{
		auto v = *this;
		return v *= other;
	}
	constexpr auto operator/(const mint_base<MOD>& other)const noexcept
	{
		auto v = *this;
		return v /= other;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD>& operator+=(const mint_base<MOD>& other) noexcept
	{
		a += other.a;
		if (MOD <= a) { a -= MOD; };
		return *this;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD>& operator-=(const mint_base<MOD>& other) noexcept
	{
		if (a >= other.a) {
			a -= other.a;
		}
		else {
			a = (a + MOD) - other.a;
		}
		return *this;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD>& operator*=(const mint_base<MOD>& other) noexcept
	{
#if 1
		a *= other.a;
		a %= MOD;
#else
		//MOD <= (MAXUINT64 / 2)条件下
		uint64_t b = other.a, v = 0;
		while (b > 0) {
			if (b & 1) {
				v += a;
				if (v >= MOD)v -= MOD;
			}
			a += a;
			if (MOD <= a)a -= MOD;
			b >>= 1;
		}
		a = v;
#endif
		return *this;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD>& operator/=(const mint_base<MOD>& other) noexcept
	{
		return *this *= ~other;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD> operator+()const noexcept { return *this; }
	constexpr mint_base<MOD> operator-()const noexcept
	{
		return{ MOD - a, mod_value_tag{} };
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD>& operator++() noexcept
	{
		if (MOD <= ++a) { a = 0; };
		return *this;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD>& operator--() noexcept
	{
		if (a <= 0) { a = MOD; };
		--a;
		return *this;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD> operator++(int) noexcept
	{
		auto tmp = *this;
		++* this;
		return tmp;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD> operator--(int) noexcept
	{
		auto tmp = *this;
		--* this;
		return tmp;
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD> operator~()const noexcept
	{
		return ipow(*this, e_phi - 1);
	}
	constexpr mint_base<MOD>& operator=(const mint_base<MOD>& other) noexcept
	{
		a = other.a;
		return *this;
	}
	constexpr explicit operator uint64_t()const noexcept
	{
		return a;
	}
	constexpr explicit operator unsigned()const noexcept
	{
		return (unsigned)a;
	}
	static constexpr uint64_t getmod() noexcept
	{
		return MOD;
	}
	constexpr mint_base(uint64_t a_) noexcept :a(a_% MOD) {}
	constexpr mint_base()noexcept : a(0) {}
	struct mod_value_tag {};
	constexpr mint_base(uint64_t a_, mod_value_tag) :a(a_) {}
private:
	static constexpr uint64_t get_e_phi()noexcept {
		//オイラー値の導出
		uint64_t temp = MOD;
		uint64_t m_ = MOD;
		for (uint64_t i = 2; i * i <= m_; ++i)
		{
			if (m_ % i == 0)
			{
				temp = temp / i * (i - 1);
				for (; m_ % i == 0; m_ /= i);
			}
		}
		if (m_ != 1)temp = temp / m_ * (m_ - 1);
		return temp;
	}
	static constexpr uint64_t e_phi = get_e_phi();//オイラー値
	uint64_t a;
};
//mint_base型用の累乗関数
template<uint64_t MOD>constexpr mint_base<MOD> m_pow(mint_base<MOD> x, uint64_t n)noexcept
{
	mint_base<MOD> res = 1;
	while (n > 0)
	{
		if (n & 1)res *= x;
		x *= x;
		n >>= 1;
	}
	return res;
}
//mint_baseの階乗計算
//O(x)時間が必要のため、fact_set関数を推奨する。
template<uint64_t MOD>constexpr mint_base<MOD> fact(mint_base<MOD> x)noexcept
{
	mint_base<MOD> res(1);
	for (uint64_t i = 1; i <= (uint64_t)x; ++i)
	{
		res *= i;
	}
	return res;
}
//mint_baseの階乗計算
//0からxまでの階乗を返す
//O(x)時間が必要
template<uint64_t MOD>std::vector<mint_base<MOD>> fact_set(mint_base<MOD> x = mint_base<MOD>(-1))
{
	mint_base<MOD> res(1);
	std::vector<mint_base<MOD>> set((uint64_t)(x)+1);
	set[0] = 1;
	for (uint64_t i = 1; i <= (uint64_t)x; ++i)
	{
		res *= i;
		set[i] = res;
	}
	return res;
}
//mint_base型のstreamへの出力
template<uint64_t MOD> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, mint_base<MOD> i)
{
	os << (uint64_t)i;
	return os;
}
//mint_base型のstreamからの入力
template<uint64_t MOD> std::istream& operator >> (std::istream& is, mint_base<MOD>& i)
{
	uint64_t tmp;
	is >> tmp;
	i = tmp;
	return is;
}
typedef mint_base<1000000007> mint;
namespace mint_literal {
	constexpr mint operator""_mi(unsigned long long x)noexcept {
		return mint(x);
	}
}
using namespace mint_literal;
//mint_baseの階乗計算
//0からxまでの階乗を返す
//O(N)
template<int32_t X, uint64_t MOD = mint::MOD>
/*constexpr*/ std::array<mint_base<MOD>, X + 1> fact_set_c()
{
	mint_base<MOD> res(1);
	std::array<mint_base<MOD>, X + 1> set;
	set[0] = 1;
	for (int32_t i = 1; i <= X; ++i)
	{
		res *= i;
		set[i] = res;
	}
	return set;
}
template<typename RET = mint, typename Integral>
RET combination(Integral all, Integral get)
{
	assert(all >= get);
	get = std::min(all - get, get);
#if 1
	//時間計算量O(1)+初期化O(NlogMOD)
	static const auto fact_v = fact_set_c<2000000 + 1>();
	static const auto fact_div_v = [&]() {
		auto tmp = fact_v;
		for (auto& i : tmp) { i = ~i; }
		return tmp;
	}();
	//return fact_v[all] / (fact_v[get] * fact_v[all - get]);
	return fact_v[all] * fact_div_v[get] * fact_div_v[all - get];
#elif 0
	//時間計算量O(1)
	//空間計算量、初期化時間計算量O(N^2)
	constexpr int32_t ALL_MAX = 要素数;// 10'000;
	static std::vector<RET> DP_comb[ALL_MAX + 1];
	if (!DP_comb[all].empty())
	{
		return DP_comb[all][get];
	}

	if (DP_comb[0].empty())
	{
		DP_comb[0].resize(1);
		DP_comb[0][0] = (RET)1;
		DP_comb[1].resize(1);
		DP_comb[1][0] = (RET)1;
	}
	for (int32_t i = 2; i <= all; i++)
	{
		if (DP_comb[i].empty())
		{
			int32_t size = i / 2 + 1;
			DP_comb[i].resize(size);
			DP_comb[i][0] = (RET)1;
			for (int32_t j = 1; j < size - 1; j++)
			{
				DP_comb[i][j] = DP_comb[i - 1][j - 1] + DP_comb[i - 1][j];
			}
			DP_comb[i][size - 1] = DP_comb[i - 1][size - 2] + DP_comb[i - 1][(i & 1) ? (size - 1) : (size - 2)];
		}
	}
	return DP_comb[all][get];
#else
	//時間計算量O(get * logMOD)
	RET ret = (RET)1;
	for (Integral i = 1; i <= get; ++i)
	{
		ret *= all + 1 - i;
		ret /= i;
	}
	return ret;
#endif
}


int32_t N;
int A[2000000];
//int DA[20][2000000];

int table[3][3][3];

int main()
{
    using std::abs;
    using std::endl;
    in.sync_with_stdio(false);
    out.sync_with_stdio(false);
    in.tie(nullptr);
    out.tie(nullptr);

    in >> N;
    //for (int32_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
    //{
    //    in >> A[i];
    //}
	{
		std::string S;
		in >> S;
		for (int32_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
		{
			A[i] = S[i] - '0';
		}
	}
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < N-1; i++)
    {
        A[i] = std::abs(A[i] - A[i+1]);
    }
    --N;
    //for (int32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    //    for (int32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
    //        for (int32_t k = 0; k < 3; k++)
    //{
    //    int next1 = std::abs(i - j);
    //    int next2 = std::abs(j - k);
    //    table[i][j][k] = std::abs(next1 - next2);
    //}


    //while (N > 1)
    //{
    //    unsigned DOWN = N - 1;
    //    for (int32_t i = 0; i < N - 1; i++)
    //    {
    //        DA[0][i] = std::abs(A[i] - A[i + 1]);
    //    }
    //    for (int32_t dd = 1; (1u << dd) <= DOWN; ++dd)
    //    {
    //        for (int32_t i = 0; i < N - (1u << dd); i++)
    //        {
    //            DA[dd][i] = std::abs(DA[dd - 1][i] - DA[dd - 1][i + 1]);
    //        }
    //    }



    //    --N;
    //}
    //out << A[0] << endl;

	unsigned res = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
	{
		if (A[i] == 1) {
			for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
			{
				auto c = combination(N - 1, i);
				if ((unsigned long long)(c) % 2 == 1) {
					res += A[i];
					res %= 2;
				}
			}
			out << res << endl;
			return 0;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
	{
		auto c = combination(N - 1, i);
		if ((unsigned long long)(c) % 2 == 1) {
			res ^= A[i];
		}
	}
	out << res << endl;
	return 0;
}
#endif


Compiler output:
a.cc: In function 'int main()':
a.cc:409:37: error: invalid cast from type 'mint_base<1000000007>' to type 'long long unsigned int'
  409 |                                 if ((unsigned long long)(c) % 2 == 1) {
      |                                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a.cc:422:21: error: invalid cast from type 'mint_base<1000000007>' to type 'long long unsigned int'
  422 |                 if ((unsigned long long)(c) % 2 == 1) {
      |                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~