DOI,instance_id,News Finding,Paper Finding,News Context,Paper Context,scores,field,split,final_score,source,News URL
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_110,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold. These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning.","[4.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.8,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_115,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","The principles we observed may govern other forms of learning 4,25-28 and perhaps even cognitive processes.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","In summary, a BCI paradigm enabled us to reveal neural constraints on learning. The principles we observed may govern other forms of learning 4,25-28 and perhaps even cognitive processes. For example, combinatorial creativity 29 , which involves re-combining cognitive elements in Vertical bars indicate the standard error of log-likelihoods, computed across four cross-validation folds.","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.6,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_124,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold. These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning.","[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_147,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","To regain proficient control of the cursor under a within-manifold perturbation, the animals had to learn new associations between the natural co-modulation patterns and the cursor kinematics (Fig.","Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor. To regain proficient control of the cursor under a within-manifold perturbation, the animals had to learn new associations between the natural co-modulation patterns and the cursor kinematics (Fig. Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_149,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.",Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold.,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry. Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","[3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_165,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.",Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold.,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry. Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.5,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_176,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve.","Incidentally, Fig.","For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","If the control spaces for one type of perturbation tended to be farther from the intuitive control space, then they might be harder to find, and thus, learning would be reduced. Incidentally, Fig. 3b also shows that the perturbations were not pure workspace rotations.","[1.0, 1.0, 4.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_178,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.",The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry.,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry. Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","[3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.8,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_193,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","across all days (n 5 88; monkey J, 58; monkey L, 30).","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","The black curve shows the mean 6 s.e.m. across all days (n 5 88; monkey J, 58; monkey L, 30). new ways, might involve the generation of new neural activity patterns that are within the intrinsic manifold of relevant brain areas.","[1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_214,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","2) , indicating that they could learn new associations between natural co-modulation patterns and cursor kinematics.","Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","For within-manifold perturbations, the animals regained proficient control of the cursor (red histograms in Fig. 2) , indicating that they could learn new associations between natural co-modulation patterns and cursor kinematics. For outsidemanifold perturbations, BCI performance remained impaired (blue histograms in Fig.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.4,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_221,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""",These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate.,"We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","2) , indicating that it was difficult to learn to generate new co-modulation patterns, even when those patterns would have led to improved performance in the task. These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate. Two additional lines of evidence show that BCI control was more learnable when using within-manifold perturbations than outside-manifold perturbations.","[3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.25,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_237,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.",These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning.,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold. These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning. On a timescale of hours, it seems to be difficult to learn to generate neural activity patterns that are not consistent with the existing network structure.","[1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.6,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_251,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","First, perturbation types differed in their after-effects.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","Two additional lines of evidence show that BCI control was more learnable when using within-manifold perturbations than outside-manifold perturbations. First, perturbation types differed in their after-effects. Following within-manifold perturbations, performance was impaired briefly (Extended Data Fig.","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.2,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_27,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.",Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold.,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry. Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_273,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve.",Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold.,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry. Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.2,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_277,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""",Permuting the units with larger modulation depths impacted the monkey's ability to proficiently control the cursor more than would permuting units with smaller modulation depths.,"We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","Due to computational constraints, we were unable to consider every possible g OM as a candidate perturbation. Permuting the units with larger modulation depths impacted the monkey's ability to proficiently control the cursor more than would permuting units with smaller modulation depths. This formed the set of candidate outside-manifold perturbations.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_280,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","Second, the difference in learnability between the two types of perturbation was present from the earliest sessions, and over the course of the study the monkeys did not improve at learning (Extended Data Fig.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig. Second, the difference in learnability between the two types of perturbation was present from the earliest sessions, and over the course of the study the monkeys did not improve at learning (Extended Data Fig. 4) .","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_284,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","The principles we observed may govern other forms of learning 4,25-28 and perhaps even cognitive processes.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","In summary, a BCI paradigm enabled us to reveal neural constraints on learning. The principles we observed may govern other forms of learning 4,25-28 and perhaps even cognitive processes. For example, combinatorial creativity 29 , which involves re-combining cognitive elements in Vertical bars indicate the standard error of log-likelihoods, computed across four cross-validation folds.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_295,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","As a result, we could not use the calibration procedure relying on the previous day's intuitive mapping.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","The following describes the BCI calibration procedure for monkey L. We observed that neural activity for this monkey was not as stable from day to day as it was for monkey J. As a result, we could not use the calibration procedure relying on the previous day's intuitive mapping. Additionally, the observation-based calibration procedure was not as effective at generating an intuitive decoder for monkey L as it had been for monkey J.","[3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.8,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_309,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","In contrast, performance remained impaired for the outside-manifold perturbation ( Fig.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Performance improved for the within-manifold perturbation ( Fig. In contrast, performance remained impaired for the outside-manifold perturbation ( Fig. For within-manifold perturbations, the animals regained proficient control of the cursor (red histograms in Fig.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_310,"Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","x t~M1xt{1 zM 2,WM u t ð9Þ","As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","This preserves the relationship between neural units and the intrinsic manifold, but changes the relationship between dimensions of the intrinsic manifold and cursor velocity. x t~M1xt{1 zM 2,WM u t ð9Þ In other words, g WM S Z bu t is a permuted version of S Z bu t .","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_312,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.",Permuting the units with larger modulation depths impacted the monkey's ability to proficiently control the cursor more than would permuting units with smaller modulation depths.,"Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","Due to computational constraints, we were unable to consider every possible g OM as a candidate perturbation. Permuting the units with larger modulation depths impacted the monkey's ability to proficiently control the cursor more than would permuting units with smaller modulation depths. This formed the set of candidate outside-manifold perturbations.","[1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6666666666666667,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_326,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.",Some behaviours are easier to learn than others 1-4 .,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","These findings offer a network-level explanation for the observation that we are more readily able to learn new skills when they are related to the skills that we already possess 4 . Some behaviours are easier to learn than others 1-4 . A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action.","[3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_328,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Number of within-manifold perturbations, n 5 27 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outsidemanifold perturbations, n 5 33 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L).","Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","These data are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively little learning occurred during the outside-manifold perturbations in comparison to the within-manifold perturbations. Number of within-manifold perturbations, n 5 27 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outsidemanifold perturbations, n 5 33 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L). The monkeys minimally moved their hands, but the movements did not approach the limits of the restraints.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_329,"As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn.","A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action.","For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","Some behaviours are easier to learn than others 1-4 . A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action. In the simplified network represented in Fig.","[3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_333,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig.","Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor. Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig. Performance improved for the within-manifold perturbation ( Fig.","[3.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_341,"Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.",These results show that the intrinsic manifold was a reliable predictor of the learnability of a BCI mapping: new BCI mappings that were within the intrinsic manifold were more learnable than those outside of it.,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.",4) . These results show that the intrinsic manifold was a reliable predictor of the learnability of a BCI mapping: new BCI mappings that were within the intrinsic manifold were more learnable than those outside of it. We considered five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability.,"[4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.2,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_343,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","Second, the difference in learnability between the two types of perturbation was present from the earliest sessions, and over the course of the study the monkeys did not improve at learning (Extended Data Fig.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig. Second, the difference in learnability between the two types of perturbation was present from the earliest sessions, and over the course of the study the monkeys did not improve at learning (Extended Data Fig. 4) .","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.2,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_359,"""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.",The black curve shows the mean 6 s.e.m.,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity.""","For 89% (78 of 88) of the days, the LL for the ten-dimensional model was within one standard error of the EID model. The black curve shows the mean 6 s.e.m. across all days (n 5 88; monkey J, 58; monkey L, 30).","[1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.5,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_362,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","In summary, a BCI paradigm enabled us to reveal neural constraints on learning.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","Our study also indicates that the low-dimensional patterns present among a population of neurons may better reflect the elemental units of volitional control than do individual neurons. In summary, a BCI paradigm enabled us to reveal neural constraints on learning. The principles we observed may govern other forms of learning 4,25-28 and perhaps even cognitive processes.","[3.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.2,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_378,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","4d ), we probably could have selected a different dimensionality within the range of near-optimal dimensionalities and still attained similar results (Extended Data Fig.","Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","Because the top few dimensions captured the majority of the co-modulation among the neural units ( Fig. 4d ), we probably could have selected a different dimensionality within the range of near-optimal dimensionalities and still attained similar results (Extended Data Fig. 7 caption).","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.25,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_381,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action.","We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","Some behaviours are easier to learn than others 1-4 . A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action. In the simplified network represented in Fig.","[3.0, 5.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_390,"""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor.","""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu said. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity.""","This altered the way in which neural units contributed to co-modulation patterns, but it preserved the way in which comodulation patterns affected cursor kinematics (blue arrows, Fig. In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor. To regain proficient control of the cursor under a within-manifold perturbation, the animals had to learn new associations between the natural co-modulation patterns and the cursor kinematics (Fig.","[1.0, 4.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1287/mnsc.2014.2096,Computer_Science_402,"""The bias blind spot"" also suggests we are less likely to detect our own bias, but can readily and easily detect others.","Moreover, the bias blind spot does not appear to be a facet of general decision-making ability or an accurate perception of the extent to which one is biased.","Despite your subjective experience, your unique surroundings, and the people close to you, you may still believe there is an objectivity to your opinion that you see far less of in your peers. ""The bias blind spot"" also suggests we are less likely to detect our own bias, but can readily and easily detect others. Even though being influenced by the outside may not be end of the world, when we deny it's happening, it could have some serious social repercussions.","We found that the bias blind spot is discriminated from intelligence, cognitive ability, cognitive reflection, and personality traits related to self-esteem, self-enhancement, and self-presentation. Moreover, the bias blind spot does not appear to be a facet of general decision-making ability or an accurate perception of the extent to which one is biased. Rather, susceptibility to the bias blind spot appears to be a true blind spot in self-awareness, because of asymmetric consideration of evidence when assessing the self and other people.","[2.0, 5.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,news,http://www.medicaldaily.com/blind-spot-bias-we-are-all-affected-it-whether-we-believe-it-or-not-337808
10.1089/cyber.2013.0658,Computer_Science_413,The study found significant positive correlations between video-game guilt and the moral foundations violated during game play.,These results provide strong convergent and discriminant validity for the potential that playing an immoral character in a video game leads to an increased salience of content-relevant intuitions mediated by the moral emotion of guilt.,"Grizzard explains that in life and in game, specific definitions of moral behavior in each domain will vary from culture to culture and situation to situation. advertisement

""For instance,"" he says, ""an American who played a violent game 'as a terrorist' would likely consider his avatar's unjust and violent behavior -- violations of the fairness/reciprocity and harm/care domains -- to be more immoral than when he or she performed the same acts in the role of a 'UN peacekeeper.'"" The study found significant positive correlations between video-game guilt and the moral foundations violated during game play.","All other models fail to meet the a priori determined criteria. These results provide strong convergent and discriminant validity for the potential that playing an immoral character in a video game leads to an increased salience of content-relevant intuitions mediated by the moral emotion of guilt. Furthermore, by utilizing random assignment and a sequential model, the findings provide evidence of causation.","[4.0, 2.0, 5.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,5.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140627163750.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1162/jocn_a_00813,Computer_Science_421,The researchers saw no difference in the amygdala's response to same-sex and opposite-sex faces in children between the ages of 10 and 12.,"In addition, youth showed a significant age-related decline in differential amygdala response to opposite-sex > same-sex faces.","The interest in opposite-sex peers tends to wane in later childhood, just before puberty, Telzer said. The researchers saw no difference in the amygdala's response to same-sex and opposite-sex faces in children between the ages of 10 and 12. But in puberty, children's interest in opposite-sex peers blooms anew.","In a multiple regression analysis, youth evidenced a significant age-related decline in rating positive attributes to same-sex youth ( Figure 6 ). In addition, youth showed a significant age-related decline in differential amygdala response to opposite-sex > same-sex faces. Finally, declines in amygdala response related to lower positive ratings of same-sex peers.","[1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409120303.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29
10.1287/mksc.2018.1139,Computer_Science_423,"This result varies with the mood of the ad, with more affective ads -- in particular, funny and emotional ads -- seeing the largest increases in online shopping activity.","Across both measures of online program engagement, we find that ads spur more online purchases when they air in more social shows, with funny ads spurring the largest increases in sales when they air in more social shows and with active and informational ads generating the smallest increases in sales.","""We find that advertisements that air in programs with more social activity see increased ad responsiveness in terms of subsequent online shopping behavior. This result varies with the mood of the ad, with more affective ads -- in particular, funny and emotional ads -- seeing the largest increases in online shopping activity. ""Our results shed light on how advertisers can encourage online shopping activity on their websites in the age of multiscreen consumers.""","Emotional ads spur the largest increases in web traffic when they air in shows with higher volumes of program chatter. Across both measures of online program engagement, we find that ads spur more online purchases when they air in more social shows, with funny ads spurring the largest increases in sales when they air in more social shows and with active and informational ads generating the smallest increases in sales. More affective adsin particular, those with an emotional or funny moodmay be more successful in social shows because such ads effectively recapture viewers' attention from the program and allow for the engaged processing of the program to spillover to ad processing (e.g., ).","[4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Computer_Science,val,4.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38918995835&p=1pl&v=1&x=WIazPKkl_KQdhqdTlsvrOQ
10.1038/s41597-019-0052-3,Computer_Science_427,"""Frankly, the BOLD5000 dataset is still way too small,"" Tarr said, suggesting that a reasonable fMRI dataset would require at least 50,000 stimulus images and many more volunteers to make headway in light of the fact that the class of deep neural nets used to analyze visual imagery are trained on millions of images.","Critically, the human neuroimaging data available in BOLD5000 is: 1) significantly larger than prior slow event-related fMRI datasets by an order of magnitude; 2) extremely diverse in stimuli; 3) overlaps considerably with standard computer vision datasets.","The group views BOLD5000 as only the first step toward leveraging modern computer vision models to study biological vision. ""Frankly, the BOLD5000 dataset is still way too small,"" Tarr said, suggesting that a reasonable fMRI dataset would require at least 50,000 stimulus images and many more volunteers to make headway in light of the fact that the class of deep neural nets used to analyze visual imagery are trained on millions of images. To this end, the research team hopes their ability to generate a dataset of 5,000 brain scans will pave the way for larger collaborative efforts between human vision and computer vision scientists.","Marr's nearly four-decades-old dream of a singular vision science -the intertwined study of biological and computer vision -is, at long last, being realized. Critically, the human neuroimaging data available in BOLD5000 is: 1) significantly larger than prior slow event-related fMRI datasets by an order of magnitude; 2) extremely diverse in stimuli; 3) overlaps considerably with standard computer vision datasets. At the same time, BOLD5000 represents a significant dataset for the study of human vision in and of itself.","[3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39162036870&p=1pl&v=1&x=5OESYynt78JXqzTUg1NMWg
10.1073/pnas.1717781115,Computer_Science_454,"The Facebook Gender Divide and Gender Equality

Lead author David Garcia and his team found that the FBG was significantly and negatively correlated with economic, educational, and health gender equality measurements from the World Economic Forum.","The red scale shows countries with positive FGD-that is, higher proportion of males on Facebook.","The data posed two interesting questions: why is Facebook dominated by men in these select few countries and why do women use Facebook more heavily in most countries? The Facebook Gender Divide and Gender Equality

Lead author David Garcia and his team found that the FBG was significantly and negatively correlated with economic, educational, and health gender equality measurements from the World Economic Forum. Put simply, equal access to health services, education, and the economy of a country are all factors that increase the likelihood that Facebook use is close to equal by each gender.","The FGD has a value below zero when women tend to be more active on Facebook that men, a value close to zero for equal activity tendencies, and a positive value when men are more active on Facebook than women in a country. The red scale shows countries with positive FGD-that is, higher proportion of males on Facebook. The scale towards FGD below zero (more tendency for women to be on Facebook) is much narrower than above zero, as can be seen in the scatter plot with the activity ratios of each gender ( Countries with strong FGD above zero are located around Africa and South West Asia, as shown on Fig.","[3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.25,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34384485620&p=1pl&v=1&x=hIdQA2ggbAKQyj29b08K_w
10.1073/pnas.1509757112,Computer_Science_457,"""You'd expect them go the opposite direction: At first, picking important things but then there are diminishing returns in those experiments, so over time they'd shift to more risky experiments, choosing things further from each other in the network,"" said Evans.","Despite these limitations, our model reveals patterns of discovery in biomedical chemistry and shows that more efficient discovery strategies would incorporate more ""interdisciplinarity"" and more risk, with the latter particularly important as a field matures.","They analyzed the relationships between medically useful molecules and found that as a field matures, scientists are more likely to study closely related molecules rather than distantly related ones. ""You'd expect them go the opposite direction: At first, picking important things but then there are diminishing returns in those experiments, so over time they'd shift to more risky experiments, choosing things further from each other in the network,"" said Evans. But that's not what happened.","{ Future models could introduce these layers as additional features, penalties, and rewards associated with the ""game"" of science. Despite these limitations, our model reveals patterns of discovery in biomedical chemistry and shows that more efficient discovery strategies would incorporate more ""interdisciplinarity"" and more risk, with the latter particularly important as a field matures. Adopting a more efficient approach would lead to greater risk, but our findings suggest that scientists pursue progressively less risk, focusing more and more on the immediate neighborhood of high-degree chemicals, with the slight increase in bridging links as a silver lining.","[1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,4.0,news,http://www.realclearscience.com/articles/2015/11/12/is_science_getting_less_risky_109449.html
10.1111/jcc4.12164,Computer_Science_471,"For example, the inaccurate claim about Romney's role at Bain Capital would have benefited the Democratic presidential candidate if it was true, yet a typical citizen who did not use liberal sites had a 47 percent chance of being ""unsure"" what fact checkers had concluded.",That leaves one last effect of biased outlet exposure that could promote ideologically favorable misperceptions.,"""In fact, we found modest evidence that the opposite sometimes occurs - people who were heavy users of ideological news sites were more likely to say they'd heard evidence related to one of the issues,"" he said. For example, the inaccurate claim about Romney's role at Bain Capital would have benefited the Democratic presidential candidate if it was true, yet a typical citizen who did not use liberal sites had a 47 percent chance of being ""unsure"" what fact checkers had concluded. A heavy user of liberal sites had only an 18 percent chance of being unsure of the facts.","Summarizing the results so far, data are consistent with the assertion that ideologically oriented websites do shape users' understanding of evidence surrounding some contested political facts, but the effect is modest in magnitude and limited in scope. That leaves one last effect of biased outlet exposure that could promote ideologically favorable misperceptions. Here again descriptive data are compelling: 90.3% of Democrats who know what journalists believe about President Obama's birthplace have reached this conclusion themselves, while only 66.7% of Republicans who accurately perceive journalists' positions do the same.","[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/I0VSv0VzudU/
10.1016/j.aci.2016.10.001,Computer_Science_509,"That makes it at least theoretically easier for your Internet Service Provider, a nation-state-hacker, or even just someone on a shared Wi-Fi network to observe all of those interactions.",The development of a sustainable Internet-scanning service for security researchers would allow for further research into the shortcomings that still exist within the HTTPS protocol in its current form.,"Including, it turns out, Apple's iTunes and iOS App Store infrastructure, which runs its downloads over unencrypted connections. That makes it at least theoretically easier for your Internet Service Provider, a nation-state-hacker, or even just someone on a shared Wi-Fi network to observe all of those interactions. The researchers worry that attackers could use the DSIDs to track someone's media habits, or the apps they use.","This exists in diverse formats, but the presentation of a unified system would fulfill the call issued by Jeff Hodges and Andy Steingruebl for a web security policy framework , but with a particularly mobile lean. The development of a sustainable Internet-scanning service for security researchers would allow for further research into the shortcomings that still exist within the HTTPS protocol in its current form. This tool would be available to researchers, commercial entities, and security organizations in order to find holes to patch.","[2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.4,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37861144267&p=1pl&v=1&x=KRagrPU-kWBPexBAzZJ5Dg
10.1038/s41598-017-18262-5,Computer_Science_511,"""We didn't see a reversal in birth rate or online interest in sex trends between the Northern and Southern hemispheres -- and it didn't seem to matter how far people lived from the equator,"" Rocha said.","In every country, valence yields a positive coefficient, while dominance a negative coefficient; thus the happier but less in-control the population mood is, the more sex-searches tend to increase in every country (Methods 10 and Supplementary Methods S2).","Because the seasons are reversed on opposites sides of the globe, and peak birth rates and online interest in sex did not change based on geography, the researchers concluded the relationship between these effects is unrelated to biological shifts caused by changes in daylight, temperature or food availability. ""We didn't see a reversal in birth rate or online interest in sex trends between the Northern and Southern hemispheres -- and it didn't seem to matter how far people lived from the equator,"" Rocha said. ""Rather, the study found culture -- measured through online mood -- to be the primary driver behind cyclic sexual and reproductive behavior in human populations.""","We first observed that the weekly volume of sex-searches significantly correlates with the mean weekly sentiment derived from the three ANEW dimensions in a multiple linear regression (Supplementary Methods S2, Supplementary Table S10). In every country, valence yields a positive coefficient, while dominance a negative coefficient; thus the happier but less in-control the population mood is, the more sex-searches tend to increase in every country (Methods 10 and Supplementary Methods S2). Interestingly, while public sentiment displays a strong linear relationship with sex-search volume when all mood dimensions are considered, there is little correlation with each ANEW dimension on its own (Supplementary Table S11 ).However, the observed linear Figure 3 .","[5.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/study-finds-online-interest-in-sex-rises-at-christmas-with-more-births-nine-months-later/
10.1162/jocn_a_00228,Computer_Science_519,"The former suggests that subjects recognized that others had different beliefs than them, wh ereas the latter hints they may have been suppressing their wrong answers after learning they were incorrect, Metcalfe says.",The heightened attention because of the metacognitive mismatch results in hyperencoding of the correction and enhanced memory for it.,"In addition, after people were told that an answer in which they were very confident was wrong, the fMRI showed activation in the right temporoparietal junction, an area linked with thinking about what others might know, and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region linked with the avoidance of thinking about something. The former suggests that subjects recognized that others had different beliefs than them, wh ereas the latter hints they may have been suppressing their wrong answers after learning they were incorrect, Metcalfe says. The findings have implications for educational techniques and theory.","When people experience the contrast of their beliefs in their answers with the knowledge that that answer is incorrect, the dissonance results in heightened attention being paid to the corrective feedback. The heightened attention because of the metacognitive mismatch results in hyperencoding of the correction and enhanced memory for it. Note that, in the error correction paradigm, there are two conditions that exhibit metacognitive mismatch.","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6,news,http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=certainty-principle-people-who-hold-false-convictions-are-better-at-retaining-corrected-information
10.1145/2786451.2786477,Computer_Science_537,But more detailed study of this phenomena should throw up some interesting clues.,This negative result suggests that the class of 2004 networks were of relatively constant maturity level.,"""Human behavior is not independent of the design of these systems, and designs are likely to be more effective and more useful if they are informed by an understanding of their impact on the long-term structure and function of these networks,"" they say. This network archaeology provides an interesting insight into the nature of social networks and how they grow. But more detailed study of this phenomena should throw up some interesting clues.","Other variables did not exhibit a strong trend throughout this transition. This negative result suggests that the class of 2004 networks were of relatively constant maturity level. Arguably, this maturity level interpolates between the classes of 2003 (whose network assembly was almost exclusively outside of the college environment) and 2005 (whose graduating students were able to connect while on campus) ( Fig.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.technologyreview.com/view/536446/network-archaeologists-discover-two-types-of-social-network-growth-in-historical/
10.1073/pnas.0705414105,Computer_Science_538,"The study also estimates the Earth is home to more than three trillion trees - that's 3,000 billion - so you may think that while 15 billion is a very large number, humans shouldn't be at risk of making significant changes to global tree cover.","These studies reveal that if a system is forced slowly (keeping it in quasi-equilibrium), proximity to a threshold may be inferred in a model-independent way.","This is one of the startling conclusions of new research published in the journal Nature. The study also estimates the Earth is home to more than three trillion trees - that's 3,000 billion - so you may think that while 15 billion is a very large number, humans shouldn't be at risk of making significant changes to global tree cover. The new study is important not only because it gives a higher number, but how it was produced.","2A ) (i) that those tipping points that represent a bifurcation are universally characterized by 3 ϱ at the threshold, and (ii) that in principle could be reconstructed through methods of time series analysis. These studies reveal that if a system is forced slowly (keeping it in quasi-equilibrium), proximity to a threshold may be inferred in a model-independent way. However, if the system is forced faster (as is probably the case for the THC today), a dynamical model will also be needed.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.4,news,http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2985217/three_trillion_trees_live_on_earth_and_we_need_every_one_of_them.html
10.1089/3dp.2017.0140,Computer_Science_561,"""I nearly jumped out of my chair when I saw what this technology is able to do,"" says Beth Ripley, M.D.","This approach greatly expands the number of different anatomical structures that can be represented by different colors or materials (e.g., through the use of multiple thresholds) and, as such, can improve the interpretive value of 3D-printed anatomical models.","That's just a normal part of life for Steven Keating, Ph.D., who had a baseball-sized tumor removed from his brain at age 26 while he was a graduate student in the MIT Media Lab's Mediated Matter group. ""I nearly jumped out of my chair when I saw what this technology is able to do,"" says Beth Ripley, M.D. ""It creates exquisitely detailed 3D-printed medical models with a fraction of the manual labor currently required, making 3D printing more accessible to the medical field as a tool for research and diagnosis.""","Consequently, even the smallest gap in a fine structure can lead to significant error or nonprintability of an .stl file, requiring the user to digitally generate regions of the structure that are often not present in the original data. This approach greatly expands the number of different anatomical structures that can be represented by different colors or materials (e.g., through the use of multiple thresholds) and, as such, can improve the interpretive value of 3D-printed anatomical models. To correctly represent routine medical CT data, for example, 4096 different material mixtures (corresponding to the 12-bit discretization of Hounsfield unit radiodensity values typically recorded) would need to be defined and associated with 4096 separate .stl files.","[2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34183709782&p=1pl&v=1&x=RCMgjlCffWxh7NGZVPRRUg
10.1126/science.aaf7894,Computer_Science_573,These villages were considered worse off than those with more metal roofs.,"In principle, our model can make predictions at any resolution for which daytime satellite imagery is available, though predictions on finer scales would likely be noisier.","It's probably best not to rely solely on satellite data, experts say. These villages were considered worse off than those with more metal roofs. But people figured it out.","Although our model outperforms other sources of passively collected data (e.g., cellphone data, nightlights) in estimating economic well-being at the cluster level, we are currently unable to assess its ability to discern differences within clusters, as public-domain survey data assign identical coordinates to all households in a given cluster to preserve respondent privacy. In principle, our model can make predictions at any resolution for which daytime satellite imagery is available, though predictions on finer scales would likely be noisier. New sources of ground truth data, whether from more disaggregated surveys or novel crowdsourced channels, could enable evaluation of our model at the household level.","[1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.8,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38200628336&p=1pl&v=1&x=id6cjED55dvUe1iuAojSRw
10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.053,Computer_Science_589,"In addition, the researchers found that this new technique could also quickly analyze mergers that are more complex than current software can analyze, such as mergers involving black holes in eccentric orbits.",There were zero false alarms af- ter enforcing the constraint that the detection should be made simultaneously in multiple detectors.,"Moreover, whereas conventional methods would need thousands of CPUs (the central processing units of computers) to perform this task, the new technique worked ""even with a single CPU -- that is, with your smartphone or a standard laptop,"" Huerta said. In addition, the researchers found that this new technique could also quickly analyze mergers that are more complex than current software can analyze, such as mergers involving black holes in eccentric orbits. The new software also had lower error rates and was better at spotting glitches in the data.",This signal was correctly identified by the classifier at the true position in time and each of the predicted component masses were within the published error bars [2] . There were zero false alarms af- ter enforcing the constraint that the detection should be made simultaneously in multiple detectors. This shows that deep learning is able to generalize to real GW signals after being trained only with simulated GW templates injected into LIGO noise from other events with different PSDs.,"[1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.4,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33238616297&p=1pl&v=1&x=Xbl7RkYRGfSlXyAdvSgOtQ
10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00300.x,Computer_Science_590,"This makes it more welcoming, especially to female players, who have historically been marginalized and, at worst, seriously harassed, in gaming.",A Low Profile Third places are characteristically homely and without pretension.,"""In other words, the way to think about Fortnite isn't Halo, but Instagram. This makes it more welcoming, especially to female players, who have historically been marginalized and, at worst, seriously harassed, in gaming. Fortnite remains a place to hang out without targeted ads (unless you're watching someone play on Twitch).","The effects are negative for both A Low Profile Third places are characteristically homely and without pretension. The general mood in third places is playful and marked by frivolity, verbal word play, and wit.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.4,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37963654317&p=1pl&v=1&x=Srl8ZzbjOK90JPWBfee9sA
10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00146,Computer_Science_594,This adds to the growing list of AI uses.,"The results, which were obtained using a single feed-forward algorithm, exhibited important advantages such as the enhancement and restoration of fine spatial features, correction for the colour aberrations, and removal of noise artefacts and warping, introduced by the mobile phone microscope optical hardware/components.","""We believe that our approach is broadly applicable to other low-cost microscopy systems that use, for example, inexpensive lenses or cameras, and could facilitate the replacement of high-end bench-top microscopes with cost-effective, mobile alternatives."" This adds to the growing list of AI uses. This specific tech is just an upgrade for smartphone cameras, but in parts of the world that are deprived of high-tech diagnostic technologies, it could be an inexpensive and easily available solution.","To conclude, we demonstrated the significant enhancement of low-resolution, noisy, distorted images of various specimens acquired by a cost-effective, smartphone-based microscope by using a deep learning approach. The results, which were obtained using a single feed-forward algorithm, exhibited important advantages such as the enhancement and restoration of fine spatial features, correction for the colour aberrations, and removal of noise artefacts and warping, introduced by the mobile phone microscope optical hardware/components. For samples that naturally include height/depth variations, such as Pap smear samples, we also observed the advantage of DOF extension with respect to the images of a benchtop microscope with a higher NA.","[2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33775530693&p=1pl&v=1&x=usmOZnKgN230UMFtK2rU8A
10.1145/2512938.2512946,Computer_Science_605,"Of course, communities that are vulnerable in this way don't automatically fail.","Thus, these 10 million remaining users correspond to nodes with k s > 67.","""We find that the different online communities have different k-core distributions,"" they say. Of course, communities that are vulnerable in this way don't automatically fail. Before that can happen, the cost-to-benefit ratio must drop to a level that makes individuals likely to leave.","The search volume on that date is 14%, showing the validity of the assumption that the maximum amount of active users corresponds to those with coreness above 0. Thus, these 10 million remaining users correspond to nodes with k s > 67. Given these two reference points, we can approximate the collapse of the network through its ""unraveling"" per k-core.","[3.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6,news,http://www.technologyreview.com/view/511846/an-autopsy-of-a-dead-social-network?nopaging=1
10.1111/cogs.12510,Computer_Science_606,"The control participants gave less elaborate responses, which the authors say went beyond just a lack of expert terminology.","In our study, this specific section was often identified by additional specific details of the image, for example, ""at the back where the altar is"" or ""the back where the boat is in the crevasse.""","Painters and architects also differed in how they described the furthest point of the space, as painters called it the 'back' and architects called it the 'end.' The control participants gave less elaborate responses, which the authors say went beyond just a lack of expert terminology. ""Our study has provided evidence that your career may well change the way you think.","While the term ""background"" is arguably more generic and can refer to a spatially extended region, ""back"" in this case refers only to a specific section of an image , or a subpart of the background. In our study, this specific section was often identified by additional specific details of the image, for example, ""at the back where the altar is"" or ""the back where the boat is in the crevasse."" This meaning, when compared to ""end"" (as above) seems to reflect a more ""static"" connotation of the region in question or a fixed location in the picture .","[4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.4,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/artists-and-architects-think-differently-compared-to-other-people/
10.1038/s41562-017-0267-2,Computer_Science_608,"""Future research will focus on how the prefrontal cortex coordinates distributed brain networks during the deliberation and whether we can decode the content of these thought processes.""",This temporal progression was also evident at the single-trial level across RT bins ( Supplementary Fig.,"""What is also unique about our study is that we were able to show that this type of activity is universal, as it is present across multiple tasks of different complexity."" This is the first step in trying to understand mechanisms of how we solve complex problems,"" Shestyuk said. ""Future research will focus on how the prefrontal cortex coordinates distributed brain networks during the deliberation and whether we can decode the content of these thought processes.""","6c and Supplementary Tables 3  and 4 ; onset: U = 107, P = 0.005; peak latency: U = 61, P = 8.1 × 10 ; N resp. This temporal progression was also evident at the single-trial level across RT bins ( Supplementary Fig. 6d and Supplementary Table 3 ) and was present across participants and tasks (Supplementary Tables 4 and 5) .","[2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33039793950&p=1pl&v=1&x=Ep45EL9p03__oKRI53i58g
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_69,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold. These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_80,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve.",These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate.,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","2) , indicating that it was difficult to learn to generate new co-modulation patterns, even when those patterns would have led to improved performance in the task. These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate. Two additional lines of evidence show that BCI control was more learnable when using within-manifold perturbations than outside-manifold perturbations.","[2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.25,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_82,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.",Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold.,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry. Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","[2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_92,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","To regain proficient control of the cursor under a within-manifold perturbation, the animals had to learn new associations between the natural co-modulation patterns and the cursor kinematics (Fig.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor. To regain proficient control of the cursor under a within-manifold perturbation, the animals had to learn new associations between the natural co-modulation patterns and the cursor kinematics (Fig. Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig.","[2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.4,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1111/jcc4.12164,Computer_Science_tweet_11,How Online Ideological News Exposure Promotes Political Misperceptions -Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication  ,That leaves one last effect of biased outlet exposure that could promote ideologically favorable misperceptions.,How Online Ideological News Exposure Promotes Political Misperceptions -Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication  ,"Summarizing the results so far, data are consistent with the assertion that ideologically oriented websites do shape users' understanding of evidence surrounding some contested political facts, but the effect is modest in magnitude and limited in scope. That leaves one last effect of biased outlet exposure that could promote ideologically favorable misperceptions. Here again descriptive data are compelling: 90.3% of Democrats who know what journalists believe about President Obama's birthplace have reached this conclusion themselves, while only 66.7% of Republicans who accurately perceive journalists' positions do the same.","[3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.25,tweets,761512659464425472
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_tweet_112,"@username @username And explicitly in Sadtler et al (2014, Nature), who used mappings from population activity to BMIs to test how easy new mappings were to learn when ""on"" or ""off"" the manifold of motor cortex activity

","In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor.","@username @username And explicitly in Sadtler et al (2014, Nature), who used mappings from population activity to BMIs to test how easy new mappings were to learn when ""on"" or ""off"" the manifold of motor cortex activity

","This altered the way in which neural units contributed to co-modulation patterns, but it preserved the way in which comodulation patterns affected cursor kinematics (blue arrows, Fig. In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor. To regain proficient control of the cursor under a within-manifold perturbation, the animals had to learn new associations between the natural co-modulation patterns and the cursor kinematics (Fig.","[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.75,tweets,1164189636354347010
10.1073/pnas.1717781115,Computer_Science_tweet_117,Facebook's gender divide  cool stuff by @username @username,"The red scale shows countries with positive FGD-that is, higher proportion of males on Facebook.",Facebook's gender divide  cool stuff by @username @username,"The FGD has a value below zero when women tend to be more active on Facebook that men, a value close to zero for equal activity tendencies, and a positive value when men are more active on Facebook than women in a country. The red scale shows countries with positive FGD-that is, higher proportion of males on Facebook. The scale towards FGD below zero (more tendency for women to be on Facebook) is much narrower than above zero, as can be seen in the scatter plot with the activity ratios of each gender ( Countries with strong FGD above zero are located around Africa and South West Asia, as shown on Fig.","[3.0, 5.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.5,tweets,917967274367246336
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_tweet_139,Neural circuitry constrains the space of possible activity patterns during learning  via @username,These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning.,Neural circuitry constrains the space of possible activity patterns during learning  via @username,"However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold. These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning. On a timescale of hours, it seems to be difficult to learn to generate neural activity patterns that are not consistent with the existing network structure.","[5.0, 3.0, 3.0, 5.0, 5.0]",Computer_Science,val,4.2,tweets,504709303052554240
10.1016/j.aci.2016.10.001,Computer_Science_tweet_186,"Very interesting article - TLS is a comparatively easy #crypto system, but #mobile devs still get it wrong.  ",The development of a sustainable Internet-scanning service for security researchers would allow for further research into the shortcomings that still exist within the HTTPS protocol in its current form.,"Very interesting article - TLS is a comparatively easy #crypto system, but #mobile devs still get it wrong.  ","This exists in diverse formats, but the presentation of a unified system would fulfill the call issued by Jeff Hodges and Andy Steingruebl for a web security policy framework , but with a particularly mobile lean. The development of a sustainable Internet-scanning service for security researchers would allow for further research into the shortcomings that still exist within the HTTPS protocol in its current form. This tool would be available to researchers, commercial entities, and security organizations in order to find holes to patch.","[1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,tweets,894624132897296384
10.1073/pnas.1509757112,Computer_Science_tweet_188,"Scientists tend to do conservative experiments. Good for their careers, less good for science. ","Despite these limitations, our model reveals patterns of discovery in biomedical chemistry and shows that more efficient discovery strategies would incorporate more ""interdisciplinarity"" and more risk, with the latter particularly important as a field matures.","Scientists tend to do conservative experiments. Good for their careers, less good for science. ","{ Future models could introduce these layers as additional features, penalties, and rewards associated with the ""game"" of science. Despite these limitations, our model reveals patterns of discovery in biomedical chemistry and shows that more efficient discovery strategies would incorporate more ""interdisciplinarity"" and more risk, with the latter particularly important as a field matures. Adopting a more efficient approach would lead to greater risk, but our findings suggest that scientists pursue progressively less risk, focusing more and more on the immediate neighborhood of high-degree chemicals, with the slight increase in bridging links as a silver lining.","[2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.6,tweets,663906257435234306
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_tweet_209,"Some work that inspired this:
 (@username & @username)
 (our previous musings)
 (@username et al)
 (@username, Yu et al)
…and many of you at conferences, eg @username",These results show that the intrinsic manifold was a reliable predictor of the learnability of a BCI mapping: new BCI mappings that were within the intrinsic manifold were more learnable than those outside of it.,"Some work that inspired this:
 (@username & @username)
 (our previous musings)
 (@username et al)
 (@username, Yu et al)
…and many of you at conferences, eg @username",4) . These results show that the intrinsic manifold was a reliable predictor of the learnability of a BCI mapping: new BCI mappings that were within the intrinsic manifold were more learnable than those outside of it. We considered five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability.,"[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.2,tweets,1054457216663801856
10.1287/mksc.2018.1139,Computer_Science_tweet_21,Very excited that my research with @username on whether or not social television shows are beneficial for advertisers is forthcoming in @username. Check out the article here: ,"Across both measures of online program engagement, we find that ads spur more online purchases when they air in more social shows, with funny ads spurring the largest increases in sales when they air in more social shows and with active and informational ads generating the smallest increases in sales.",Very excited that my research with @username on whether or not social television shows are beneficial for advertisers is forthcoming in @username. Check out the article here: ,"Emotional ads spur the largest increases in web traffic when they air in shows with higher volumes of program chatter. Across both measures of online program engagement, we find that ads spur more online purchases when they air in more social shows, with funny ads spurring the largest increases in sales when they air in more social shows and with active and informational ads generating the smallest increases in sales. More affective adsin particular, those with an emotional or funny moodmay be more successful in social shows because such ads effectively recapture viewers' attention from the program and allow for the engaged processing of the program to spillover to ad processing (e.g., ).","[2.0, 2.0, 5.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,tweets,1110522535584649216
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_tweet_213,#learning a new skill is easier when it is related to an ability we already have  #neuroscience #neuroplasticity,"To regain proficient control of the cursor under a within-manifold perturbation, the animals had to learn new associations between the natural co-modulation patterns and the cursor kinematics (Fig.",#learning a new skill is easier when it is related to an ability we already have  #neuroscience #neuroplasticity,"In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor. To regain proficient control of the cursor under a within-manifold perturbation, the animals had to learn new associations between the natural co-modulation patterns and the cursor kinematics (Fig. Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig.","[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.5,tweets,505010908209639424
10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.008,Computer_Science_tweet_223,Our Applied Ergonomics Article on detecting additive masking in medical alarms is now online  @username @username,"Because this spreading function has only one independent variable (δz), it was computationally feasible to implement a lookup table for all of the possible values of δz at a resolution of 0.1 barks.",Our Applied Ergonomics Article on detecting additive masking in medical alarms is now online  @username @username,"In particular, model checkers are unable to represent non-linear mathematical operations on model variables. Because this spreading function has only one independent variable (δz), it was computationally feasible to implement a lookup table for all of the possible values of δz at a resolution of 0.1 barks. because found this to be appropriate for tonal maskers.","[3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.25,tweets,770255200233918464
10.1145/3178876.3186094,Computer_Science_tweet_226,You can now read a nicely formatted HTML version of our #darknet #cryptomarket paper here:  -- @username will present the work on Thursday at #TheWebConf in Lyon. Come say hi! ,"Coefficients in bold are significant with p < 0.001, those in brackets are not significant, all others are significant with p < 0.02.",You can now read a nicely formatted HTML version of our #darknet #cryptomarket paper here:  -- @username will present the work on Thursday at #TheWebConf in Lyon. Come say hi! ,"For the top trading countries, there is a clear relationship between trade and national consumption, but not national production. Coefficients in bold are significant with p < 0.001, those in brackets are not significant, all others are significant with p < 0.02. This choice of methods allows us to interpret the contextual nature of our findings in some detail.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,tweets,988450599954993152
10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00146,Computer_Science_tweet_23,"Deep learning corrects for spatial and spectral distortions in mobile-phone microscopy. You can read our recent work at arXiv:
 ","The results, which were obtained using a single feed-forward algorithm, exhibited important advantages such as the enhancement and restoration of fine spatial features, correction for the colour aberrations, and removal of noise artefacts and warping, introduced by the mobile phone microscope optical hardware/components.","Deep learning corrects for spatial and spectral distortions in mobile-phone microscopy. You can read our recent work at arXiv:
 ","To conclude, we demonstrated the significant enhancement of low-resolution, noisy, distorted images of various specimens acquired by a cost-effective, smartphone-based microscope by using a deep learning approach. The results, which were obtained using a single feed-forward algorithm, exhibited important advantages such as the enhancement and restoration of fine spatial features, correction for the colour aberrations, and removal of noise artefacts and warping, introduced by the mobile phone microscope optical hardware/components. For samples that naturally include height/depth variations, such as Pap smear samples, we also observed the advantage of DOF extension with respect to the images of a benchtop microscope with a higher NA.","[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.5,tweets,940832549412188161
10.1126/scirobotics.aar5438,Computer_Science_tweet_244,Wearable robotic devices have been shown to substantially reduce the energy expenditure of human walking.... ,"In the discrete-time domain, Eq.",Wearable robotic devices have been shown to substantially reduce the energy expenditure of human walking.... ,"The mathematical representation in the frequency domain takes the form In the discrete-time domain, Eq. 1 can be written as","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.2,tweets,968937994681044992
10.1111/cogs.12127,Computer_Science_tweet_266,"Using analogies (small stories) in Engineering: ""The Impact of Analogies on Creative Concept ...: Engineering Design"" ","Inter-rater reliability, assessed by comparing the primary and secondary coder's codes for approximately 1 h worth of transcript, was acceptable, at (Cohen's kappa) k = .77.","Using analogies (small stories) in Engineering: ""The Impact of Analogies on Creative Concept ...: Engineering Design"" ","One Hundred and forty-four analogies were found across the two transcripts (79 in the first and 65 in the second), with all designers contributing analogies at approximately the same rate, commensurate with their level of participation in the meetings overall (correlation between number of analogy and nonanalogy utterances across designers was high, r = .72). Inter-rater reliability, assessed by comparing the primary and secondary coder's codes for approximately 1 h worth of transcript, was acceptable, at (Cohen's kappa) k = .77. Of the 144 analogies found, 16% were coded as near, and 84% were coded as far.","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.4,tweets,562279185054711808
10.1088/1741-2560/13/1/016006,Computer_Science_tweet_269,Treating dry eye using an electrical stimulation device #usefulandcool ,"Gland innervation in animal models of diseased glands was unaltered , which may allow experiments with stimulation of diseased glands.",Treating dry eye using an electrical stimulation device #usefulandcool ,"McCreery et al also found no tissue damage after stimulating the feline cortex with 0.1 μC mm −2 per pulse for several hours with similar waveform parameters. Gland innervation in animal models of diseased glands was unaltered , which may allow experiments with stimulation of diseased glands. Besides the tear volume, dry eye disease is also associated with changes in tear osmolarity, protein composition, inflammatory markers, and lipid content.","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.75,tweets,676533163691257858
10.1111/cogs.12510,Computer_Science_tweet_276,"Sculpture made by one of the participants in our new research paper:
 ","In our study, this specific section was often identified by additional specific details of the image, for example, ""at the back where the altar is"" or ""the back where the boat is in the crevasse.""","Sculpture made by one of the participants in our new research paper:
 ","While the term ""background"" is arguably more generic and can refer to a spatially extended region, ""back"" in this case refers only to a specific section of an image , or a subpart of the background. In our study, this specific section was often identified by additional specific details of the image, for example, ""at the back where the altar is"" or ""the back where the boat is in the crevasse."" This meaning, when compared to ""end"" (as above) seems to reflect a more ""static"" connotation of the region in question or a fixed location in the picture .","[3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6666666666666667,tweets,880022411390922755
10.1145/2512938.2512946,Computer_Science_tweet_277,The science behind abandonment.  ,"Thus, these 10 million remaining users correspond to nodes with k s > 67.",The science behind abandonment.  ,"The search volume on that date is 14%, showing the validity of the assumption that the maximum amount of active users corresponds to those with coreness above 0. Thus, these 10 million remaining users correspond to nodes with k s > 67. Given these two reference points, we can approximate the collapse of the network through its ""unraveling"" per k-core.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.3333333333333333,tweets,307564067231514624
10.1089/cyber.2013.0658,Computer_Science_tweet_28,Being Bad in a Video Game Can Make Us More Morally Sensitive [a]  HT @username,These results provide strong convergent and discriminant validity for the potential that playing an immoral character in a video game leads to an increased salience of content-relevant intuitions mediated by the moral emotion of guilt.,Being Bad in a Video Game Can Make Us More Morally Sensitive [a]  HT @username,"All other models fail to meet the a priori determined criteria. These results provide strong convergent and discriminant validity for the potential that playing an immoral character in a video game leads to an increased salience of content-relevant intuitions mediated by the moral emotion of guilt. Furthermore, by utilizing random assignment and a sequential model, the findings provide evidence of causation.","[3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Computer_Science,val,4.0,tweets,480739608565932032
10.1111/cogs.12510,Computer_Science_tweet_298,"Show them a spatially complex picture &amp; painters, architects, sculptors &amp; control group all describe it differently ","In our study, this specific section was often identified by additional specific details of the image, for example, ""at the back where the altar is"" or ""the back where the boat is in the crevasse.""","Show them a spatially complex picture &amp; painters, architects, sculptors &amp; control group all describe it differently ","While the term ""background"" is arguably more generic and can refer to a spatially extended region, ""back"" in this case refers only to a specific section of an image , or a subpart of the background. In our study, this specific section was often identified by additional specific details of the image, for example, ""at the back where the altar is"" or ""the back where the boat is in the crevasse."" This meaning, when compared to ""end"" (as above) seems to reflect a more ""static"" connotation of the region in question or a fixed location in the picture .","[3.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.0,tweets,880621634759008256
10.1162/jocn_a_00228,Computer_Science_tweet_35,Info errors people commit to with a high degree of belief are easy to correct This is called the hypercorrection effect ,The heightened attention because of the metacognitive mismatch results in hyperencoding of the correction and enhanced memory for it.,Info errors people commit to with a high degree of belief are easy to correct This is called the hypercorrection effect ,"When people experience the contrast of their beliefs in their answers with the knowledge that that answer is incorrect, the dissonance results in heightened attention being paid to the corrective feedback. The heightened attention because of the metacognitive mismatch results in hyperencoding of the correction and enhanced memory for it. Note that, in the error correction paradigm, there are two conditions that exhibit metacognitive mismatch.","[4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.0,tweets,195962155290468352
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_tweet_36,Cognitive Flexibility: why learning new tasks may be associated with the connectivity among neurons. ,These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate.,Cognitive Flexibility: why learning new tasks may be associated with the connectivity among neurons. ,"2) , indicating that it was difficult to learn to generate new co-modulation patterns, even when those patterns would have led to improved performance in the task. These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate. Two additional lines of evidence show that BCI control was more learnable when using within-manifold perturbations than outside-manifold perturbations.","[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.75,tweets,505530064927084544
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_tweet_41,Motor learning is limited by existing neural patterns and strategies.  Study in monkeys with brain-computer interface,Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold.,Motor learning is limited by existing neural patterns and strategies.  Study in monkeys with brain-computer interface,"The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry. Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold.","[3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.4,tweets,511394219848912896
10.1038/s41597-019-0052-3,Computer_Science_tweet_44,"The integration of #computational models &amp; the #neuroscience of #vision holds promise for vision science, but small numbers of images in biological experiments are a challenge. The BOLD5000 dataset from @username is a step towards a solution.
","Critically, the human neuroimaging data available in BOLD5000 is: 1) significantly larger than prior slow event-related fMRI datasets by an order of magnitude; 2) extremely diverse in stimuli; 3) overlaps considerably with standard computer vision datasets.","The integration of #computational models &amp; the #neuroscience of #vision holds promise for vision science, but small numbers of images in biological experiments are a challenge. The BOLD5000 dataset from @username is a step towards a solution.
","Marr's nearly four-decades-old dream of a singular vision science -the intertwined study of biological and computer vision -is, at long last, being realized. Critically, the human neuroimaging data available in BOLD5000 is: 1) significantly larger than prior slow event-related fMRI datasets by an order of magnitude; 2) extremely diverse in stimuli; 3) overlaps considerably with standard computer vision datasets. At the same time, BOLD5000 represents a significant dataset for the study of human vision in and of itself.","[3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.75,tweets,1125339662359367680
10.1089/3dp.2017.0140,Computer_Science_tweet_64,3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing just published our article describing bitmap methods for the high-resolution and functionally-graded #3Dprinting of #biomedical datasets:  @username ,"This approach greatly expands the number of different anatomical structures that can be represented by different colors or materials (e.g., through the use of multiple thresholds) and, as such, can improve the interpretive value of 3D-printed anatomical models.",3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing just published our article describing bitmap methods for the high-resolution and functionally-graded #3Dprinting of #biomedical datasets:  @username ,"Consequently, even the smallest gap in a fine structure can lead to significant error or nonprintability of an .stl file, requiring the user to digitally generate regions of the structure that are often not present in the original data. This approach greatly expands the number of different anatomical structures that can be represented by different colors or materials (e.g., through the use of multiple thresholds) and, as such, can improve the interpretive value of 3D-printed anatomical models. To correctly represent routine medical CT data, for example, 4096 different material mixtures (corresponding to the 12-bit discretization of Hounsfield unit radiodensity values typically recorded) would need to be defined and associated with 4096 separate .stl files.","[2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Computer_Science,val,2.75,tweets,1001890275516665856
10.1287/mnsc.2014.2096,Computer_Science_tweet_80,RT @username: How biased does the average American think she is? Less than everyone else.  #biasblindspot,"Moreover, the bias blind spot does not appear to be a facet of general decision-making ability or an accurate perception of the extent to which one is biased.",RT @username: How biased does the average American think she is? Less than everyone else.  #biasblindspot,"We found that the bias blind spot is discriminated from intelligence, cognitive ability, cognitive reflection, and personality traits related to self-esteem, self-enhancement, and self-presentation. Moreover, the bias blind spot does not appear to be a facet of general decision-making ability or an accurate perception of the extent to which one is biased. Rather, susceptibility to the bias blind spot appears to be a true blind spot in self-awareness, because of asymmetric consideration of evidence when assessing the self and other people.","[4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Computer_Science,val,3.5,tweets,593008801051213824
10.1177/1461444813516832,Computer_Science_tweet_83,You will note this abstract says nothing about students' ability to use real words appropriately in academic writing. ,"Overall, the proportion of textisms of all words in the written exams by all participants was a tiny 0.02% and, with the outlying student's results excluded, was reduced to only 0.01% (an average of approximately one textism in every 7200 words).",You will note this abstract says nothing about students' ability to use real words appropriately in academic writing. ,"Only a very small percentage of words written in these exam papers could be counted as textisms and 43 of these occurred in a single student's paper. Overall, the proportion of textisms of all words in the written exams by all participants was a tiny 0.02% and, with the outlying student's results excluded, was reduced to only 0.01% (an average of approximately one textism in every 7200 words). Various other types of textism types that have been observed in previous research on actual text-messages (e.g., were not seen in the exam papers viewed in this study.","[1.0, 1.0, 5.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.0,tweets,425715031712346112
10.1038/s41598-019-39917-5,Computer_Science_tweet_90,"A new method combining drones, thermal imaging and machine learning can reliably detect koalas in their complex natural habitats. New open access paper here:  ","Automated and manual detection methods were found to be similarly efficient in terms of time required to complete detections per survey, although as noted much of the time required for the automated detection method is simply processing time and requires no input from the user.","A new method combining drones, thermal imaging and machine learning can reliably detect koalas in their complex natural habitats. New open access paper here:  ","Nonetheless, even in its current form this methodology has already matched the optimal of performance of similar wildlife automated detection methods. Automated and manual detection methods were found to be similarly efficient in terms of time required to complete detections per survey, although as noted much of the time required for the automated detection method is simply processing time and requires no input from the user. Automated detection yields a higher probability of detection and a lower or comparable rate of false positive error in the same amount of time as the latter.","[1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Computer_Science,val,1.6666666666666667,tweets,1102360535306104833
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_10,"We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","At the beginning of each day, the monkey was typically able to control the cursor proficiently using the previous day's intuitive mapping.","""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","For monkey L, we did not analyse 3 sessions (2 within-manifold perturbations; 1 outside-manifold perturbation). At the beginning of each day, the monkey was typically able to control the cursor proficiently using the previous day's intuitive mapping. The following describes the BCI calibration procedure for monkey L. We observed that neural activity for this monkey was not as stable from day to day as it was for monkey J.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_12,"We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","Second, the difference in learnability between the two types of perturbation was present from the earliest sessions, and over the course of the study the monkeys did not improve at learning (Extended Data Fig.","""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig. Second, the difference in learnability between the two types of perturbation was present from the earliest sessions, and over the course of the study the monkeys did not improve at learning (Extended Data Fig. 4) .",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_17,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve.","Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig.","For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","Following within-manifold perturbations, performance was impaired briefly (Extended Data Fig. Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig. Second, the difference in learnability between the two types of perturbation was present from the earliest sessions, and over the course of the study the monkeys did not improve at learning (Extended Data Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_24,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.",These data are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively little learning occurred during the outside-manifold perturbations in comparison to the within-manifold perturbations.,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","0.05). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively little learning occurred during the outside-manifold perturbations in comparison to the within-manifold perturbations. Number of within-manifold perturbations, n 5 27 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outsidemanifold perturbations, n 5 33 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L).",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_44,Learning a new skill is easier when it is related to an ability we already have.,These results show that the intrinsic manifold was a reliable predictor of the learnability of a BCI mapping: new BCI mappings that were within the intrinsic manifold were more learnable than those outside of it.,"Learning a new skill is easier when it is related to an ability we already have. For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.",4) . These results show that the intrinsic manifold was a reliable predictor of the learnability of a BCI mapping: new BCI mappings that were within the intrinsic manifold were more learnable than those outside of it. We considered five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability.,[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_46,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.",Permuting the units with larger modulation depths impacted the monkey's ability to proficiently control the cursor more than would permuting units with smaller modulation depths.,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","Due to computational constraints, we were unable to consider every possible g OM as a candidate perturbation. Permuting the units with larger modulation depths impacted the monkey's ability to proficiently control the cursor more than would permuting units with smaller modulation depths. This formed the set of candidate outside-manifold perturbations.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_49,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","Number of within-manifold perturbations, n 5 27 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outsidemanifold perturbations, n 5 33 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L).","Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","These data are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively little learning occurred during the outside-manifold perturbations in comparison to the within-manifold perturbations. Number of within-manifold perturbations, n 5 27 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outsidemanifold perturbations, n 5 33 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L). The monkeys minimally moved their hands, but the movements did not approach the limits of the restraints.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_56,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.",These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning.,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold. These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning. On a timescale of hours, it seems to be difficult to learn to generate neural activity patterns that are not consistent with the existing network structure.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_61,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.",For the linear regressions in Fig.,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","In Extended Data Figs 1a and 3 , the histograms did not follow a normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). For the linear regressions in Fig. In each comparison, better performance is to the right.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_65,"We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","Fitts' Law predicts that movement speed depends on movement amplitude and target size 39 , and these were always the same in our experiments.","""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","As a result, the columns of M 2,OM corresponding to the non-permuted units were the same as in M 2 . Fitts' Law predicts that movement speed depends on movement amplitude and target size 39 , and these were always the same in our experiments. The firing rates for the perturbed mapping should be as close as possible to the firing rates we recorded when the monkeys used the intuitive mapping.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_66,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve.","Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig.","Learning a new skill is easier when it is related to an ability we already have. For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor. Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig. Performance improved for the within-manifold perturbation ( Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_76,"""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","This preserves the relationship between neural units and the intrinsic manifold, but changes the relationship between dimensions of the intrinsic manifold and cursor velocity.","""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity.""","Within-manifold perturbations altered the relationship between factors and cursor kinematics. This preserves the relationship between neural units and the intrinsic manifold, but changes the relationship between dimensions of the intrinsic manifold and cursor velocity. x t~M1xt{1 zM 2,WM u t ð9Þ",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_78,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","This preserves the relationship between neural units and the intrinsic manifold, but changes the relationship between dimensions of the intrinsic manifold and cursor velocity.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Within-manifold perturbations altered the relationship between factors and cursor kinematics. This preserves the relationship between neural units and the intrinsic manifold, but changes the relationship between dimensions of the intrinsic manifold and cursor velocity. x t~M1xt{1 zM 2,WM u t ð9Þ",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_82,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.",3b also shows that the perturbations were not pure workspace rotations.,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Incidentally, Fig. 3b also shows that the perturbations were not pure workspace rotations. If that were the case, the angles between control spaces would have been zero, not in the range of 40-80u as shown.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_84,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","1b , neurons 1 and 3 positively co-modulate due to common input, whereas neurons 1 and 2 negatively co-modulate due to an indirect inhibitory connection.","The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","In the simplified network represented in Fig. 1b , neurons 1 and 3 positively co-modulate due to common input, whereas neurons 1 and 2 negatively co-modulate due to an indirect inhibitory connection. Such co-modulations among neurons mean that neural activity does not uniformly populate the neural space [16] .",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_85,"Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","These shared variance values are given by the eigenvalues of LL T , which can be ordered from largest to smallest.","As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","Offline, we confirmed this was a reasonable choice by estimating the intrinsic dimensionality of the data recorded in each calibration block. These shared variance values are given by the eigenvalues of LL T , which can be ordered from largest to smallest. The cumulative shared variance curve is thus informative of how 'oblong' the shared variance is within the manifold, and it can be compared across days.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_90,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.",These data are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively little learning occurred during the outside-manifold perturbations in comparison to the within-manifold perturbations.,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","0.05). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively little learning occurred during the outside-manifold perturbations in comparison to the within-manifold perturbations. Number of within-manifold perturbations, n 5 27 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outsidemanifold perturbations, n 5 33 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L).",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_99,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.",Two additional lines of evidence show that BCI control was more learnable when using within-manifold perturbations than outside-manifold perturbations.,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate. Two additional lines of evidence show that BCI control was more learnable when using within-manifold perturbations than outside-manifold perturbations. First, perturbation types differed in their after-effects.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_125,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","Following within-manifold perturbations, performance was impaired briefly (Extended Data Fig.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","First, perturbation types differed in their after-effects. Following within-manifold perturbations, performance was impaired briefly (Extended Data Fig. Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_129,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","These alternative explanations did reveal interesting secondary aspects of the data; they partially explained within-category differences in learnability, albeit in an idiosyncratic manner between the two monkeys (Extended Data Fig.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","We conclude from these analyses that the parsimonious explanation for BCI learning is whether or not the new control space is within the intrinsic manifold. These alternative explanations did reveal interesting secondary aspects of the data; they partially explained within-category differences in learnability, albeit in an idiosyncratic manner between the two monkeys (Extended Data Fig. Although our estimate of the intrinsic manifold can depend on several methodological factors (Extended Data Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_130,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","In other words, g WM S Z bu t is a permuted version of S Z bu t .","""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","x t~M1xt{1 zM 2,WM u t ð9Þ In other words, g WM S Z bu t is a permuted version of S Z bu t . Outside-manifold perturbations altered the relationship between neural units and factors.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_134,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.",We considered five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability.,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.",These results show that the intrinsic manifold was a reliable predictor of the learnability of a BCI mapping: new BCI mappings that were within the intrinsic manifold were more learnable than those outside of it. We considered five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability. We ensured that the initial performance impairments were equivalent for the two perturbation types (Fig.,[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_139,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","Number of within-manifold perturbations, n 5 28 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outside-manifold perturbations, n 5 39 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L).","Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","Note that a negative acquisition time change indicates performance improvement (that is, targets were acquired faster). Number of within-manifold perturbations, n 5 28 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outside-manifold perturbations, n 5 39 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L). A larger after-effect indicates more learning had occurred in response to the perturbation.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_152,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.",Some behaviours are easier to learn than others 1-4 .,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","These findings offer a network-level explanation for the observation that we are more readily able to learn new skills when they are related to the skills that we already possess 4 . Some behaviours are easier to learn than others 1-4 . A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_167,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve.",6a ).,"Learning a new skill is easier when it is related to an ability we already have. For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.",3a and Extended Data Fig. 6a ). This vector extended from the point corresponding to initial performance during the perturbation block to the point corresponding to performance during each bin.,[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_186,"We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity.""",The first ten groups had an equal number of neural units.,"""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity."" *Image of ""teenager"" via Shutterstock",We then considered all g OM to be candidate outside-manifold perturbations. The first ten groups had an equal number of neural units. The eleventh group had the remaining neural units.,[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_187,"As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn.","Because factors were z-scored before decoding into cursor velocity, d~0.","For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","Because spike counts were z-scored before factor analysis, m~0. Because factors were z-scored before decoding into cursor velocity, d~0. ,ẑ t h i .",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_190,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","These alternative explanations did reveal interesting secondary aspects of the data; they partially explained within-category differences in learnability, albeit in an idiosyncratic manner between the two monkeys (Extended Data Fig.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","We conclude from these analyses that the parsimonious explanation for BCI learning is whether or not the new control space is within the intrinsic manifold. These alternative explanations did reveal interesting secondary aspects of the data; they partially explained within-category differences in learnability, albeit in an idiosyncratic manner between the two monkeys (Extended Data Fig. Although our estimate of the intrinsic manifold can depend on several methodological factors (Extended Data Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_196,"Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.",The first ten groups had an equal number of neural units.,"As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.",We then considered all g OM to be candidate outside-manifold perturbations. The first ten groups had an equal number of neural units. The eleventh group had the remaining neural units.,[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_203,"Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","This preserves the relationship between neural units and the intrinsic manifold, but changes the relationship between dimensions of the intrinsic manifold and cursor velocity.","As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","Within-manifold perturbations altered the relationship between factors and cursor kinematics. This preserves the relationship between neural units and the intrinsic manifold, but changes the relationship between dimensions of the intrinsic manifold and cursor velocity. x t~M1xt{1 zM 2,WM u t ð9Þ",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_215,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","If that were the case, the angles between control spaces would have been zero, not in the range of 40-80u as shown.","We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","3b also shows that the perturbations were not pure workspace rotations. If that were the case, the angles between control spaces would have been zero, not in the range of 40-80u as shown. If learning one type of perturbation required larger changes in preferred directions of neural units, then those perturbations might be harder to learn.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_219,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.",An outsidemanifold perturbation was created by re-orienting the intuitive control space and allowing it to depart from the intrinsic manifold (depicted as the blue line in Fig.,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","This preserved the relationship between neural units and comodulation patterns, but it altered the way in which co-modulation patterns affected cursor kinematics (red arrows, Fig. An outsidemanifold perturbation was created by re-orienting the intuitive control space and allowing it to depart from the intrinsic manifold (depicted as the blue line in Fig. This altered the way in which neural units contributed to co-modulation patterns, but it preserved the way in which comodulation patterns affected cursor kinematics (blue arrows, Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_229,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.",We observed that performance with our modified Kalman filter is qualitatively similar to performance with a standard Kalman filter (data not shown).,"Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","This modification allowed us to perform the two different types of perturbation. We observed that performance with our modified Kalman filter is qualitatively similar to performance with a standard Kalman filter (data not shown). Because spike counts were z-scored before factor analysis, m~0.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_235,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig.","We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","Following within-manifold perturbations, performance was impaired briefly (Extended Data Fig. Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig. Second, the difference in learnability between the two types of perturbation was present from the earliest sessions, and over the course of the study the monkeys did not improve at learning (Extended Data Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_241,Learning a new skill is easier when it is related to an ability we already have.,We ensured that the initial performance impairments were equivalent for the two perturbation types (Fig.,"Learning a new skill is easier when it is related to an ability we already have. For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.",We considered five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability. We ensured that the initial performance impairments were equivalent for the two perturbation types (Fig. The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry.,[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_250,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","For monkey J (left), the after-effect was significantly larger for within-manifold perturbations (red) than for outside-manifold perturbations (blue) (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P , 10 23 ).","The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","A larger after-effect indicates more learning had occurred in response to the perturbation. For monkey J (left), the after-effect was significantly larger for within-manifold perturbations (red) than for outside-manifold perturbations (blue) (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P , 10 23 ). For monkey L (right), the trend is in the same direction as monkey J, but the effect did not achieve significance (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P .",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_251,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig.","""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","In both cases, performance was impaired once the new mapping was introduced, and we observed whether the monkeys could learn to regain proficient control of the cursor. Just after the perturbed mappings were introduced, BCI performance was impaired ( Fig. Performance improved for the within-manifold perturbation ( Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_256,"*Image of ""teenager"" via Shutterstock",Two additional lines of evidence show that BCI control was more learnable when using within-manifold perturbations than outside-manifold perturbations.,"""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity."" *Image of ""teenager"" via Shutterstock","These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate. Two additional lines of evidence show that BCI control was more learnable when using within-manifold perturbations than outside-manifold perturbations. First, perturbation types differed in their after-effects.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_264,"As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn.","If the control spaces for one type of perturbation tended to be farther from the intuitive control space, then they might be harder to find, and thus, learning would be reduced.","For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","Learning is significantly better for within-manifold perturbations (red, n 5 28 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L)) than for outside-manifold perturbations (blue, n 5 39 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L)). If the control spaces for one type of perturbation tended to be farther from the intuitive control space, then they might be harder to find, and thus, learning would be reduced. Incidentally, Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_266,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","These shared variance values are given by the eigenvalues of LL T , which can be ordered from largest to smallest.","Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","Offline, we confirmed this was a reasonable choice by estimating the intrinsic dimensionality of the data recorded in each calibration block. These shared variance values are given by the eigenvalues of LL T , which can be ordered from largest to smallest. The cumulative shared variance curve is thus informative of how 'oblong' the shared variance is within the manifold, and it can be compared across days.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_268,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","For monkey L, we reduced the size of the search space for the outside-manifold perturbations, thereby equalizing the size of the search space for the two perturbation types.","Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","We recognized that this difference may have affected the monkey's ability to learn outsidemanifold perturbations. For monkey L, we reduced the size of the search space for the outside-manifold perturbations, thereby equalizing the size of the search space for the two perturbation types. We then considered all g OM to be candidate outside-manifold perturbations.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_275,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","For a population of 90 neural units, there are 90 factorial (.10 100 ) possible values of g OM .","We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","We considered all of these candidate within-manifold perturbations. For a population of 90 neural units, there are 90 factorial (.10 100 ) possible values of g OM . Due to computational constraints, we were unable to consider every possible g OM as a candidate perturbation.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_282,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu said.","2 ), indicating that it was difficult to learn to generate new co-modulation patterns, even when those patterns would have led to improved performance in the task.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu said. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","For outsidemanifold perturbations, BCI performance remained impaired (blue histograms in Fig. 2 ), indicating that it was difficult to learn to generate new co-modulation patterns, even when those patterns would have led to improved performance in the task. These results support our hypothesis that the structure of a network determines which patterns of neural activity (and corresponding behaviours) a subject can readily learn to generate.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_290,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve.",That monkey showed more learning on sessions when the initial performance impairment was larger.,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","Panel a shows the initial performance impairment could explain a portion of the variability of learning within both classes of perturbation for monkey J. That monkey showed more learning on sessions when the initial performance impairment was larger. For monkey L, the initial performance impairment could account for a portion of the within-class variation in learning only for outside-manifold perturbations; this monkey showed less learning when the initial performance impairment was larger.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_298,"""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.",Permuting the units with larger modulation depths impacted the monkey's ability to proficiently control the cursor more than would permuting units with smaller modulation depths.,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity.""","Due to computational constraints, we were unable to consider every possible g OM as a candidate perturbation. Permuting the units with larger modulation depths impacted the monkey's ability to proficiently control the cursor more than would permuting units with smaller modulation depths. This formed the set of candidate outside-manifold perturbations.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_303,"We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""",5 ).,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","Fifth, hand movements were comparable and nearly non-existent for both perturbation types and should therefore have had no impact on learnability (Extended Data Fig. 5 ). We conclude from these analyses that the parsimonious explanation for BCI learning is whether or not the new control space is within the intrinsic manifold.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_304,"""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","For monkey L (bottom), the change in success rate was greater for within-manifold perturbations than for outside-manifold perturbations, and the difference approached significance (P 5 0.088, t-test).","""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity.""","The change in success rate was significantly greater for withinmanifold perturbations than for outside-manifold perturbations for monkey J (top, P , 10 23 , t-test). For monkey L (bottom), the change in success rate was greater for within-manifold perturbations than for outside-manifold perturbations, and the difference approached significance (P 5 0.088, t-test). For both monkeys, the change in acquisition time for within-manifold perturbations was significantly greater than for outside-manifold perturbations (monkey J (top), P , 10 24 , t-test; monkey L (bottom), P 5 0.0014, t-test).",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_308,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.",We recognized that this difference may have affected the monkey's ability to learn outsidemanifold perturbations.,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Thus, the dimensionality of the space through which the monkey would have to search to find the perturbed control space was different for the two types of perturbed mappings; it was larger for the outsidemanifold perturbations than it was for the within-manifold perturbations. We recognized that this difference may have affected the monkey's ability to learn outsidemanifold perturbations. For monkey L, we reduced the size of the search space for the outside-manifold perturbations, thereby equalizing the size of the search space for the two perturbation types.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_315,"Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.",We saw consistent differences in learnability.,"As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","Having a single value for each session allowed us to more easily compare learning across sessions and to relate the amount of learning to a variety of properties of each perturbation (Extended Data Fig. We saw consistent differences in learnability. Thus, our results do not rely on the precise form of our learning metric, but the form we used provides a scalar value as a convenient summary metric.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_318,"Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","7 caption), the critical property of such a manifold is that it captures the prominent patterns of co-modulation among the recorded neurons, which presumably reflect underlying network constraints.","The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning. Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives.","Although our estimate of the intrinsic manifold can depend on several methodological factors (Extended Data Fig. 7 caption), the critical property of such a manifold is that it captures the prominent patterns of co-modulation among the recorded neurons, which presumably reflect underlying network constraints. 4a ); the average dimensionality was about ten (Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_329,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.",We can expressx t in terms of the decoded velocity at the previous time stepx t{1 and the current z-scored spike count vector u t :,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.",",ẑ t h i . We can expressx t in terms of the decoded velocity at the previous time stepx t{1 and the current z-scored spike count vector u t : Within-manifold perturbations altered the relationship between factors and cursor kinematics.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_333,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.",This vector extended from the point corresponding to initial performance during the perturbation block to the point corresponding to performance during each bin.,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","6a ). This vector extended from the point corresponding to initial performance during the perturbation block to the point corresponding to performance during each bin. As a result, the columns of M 2,OM corresponding to the non-permuted units were the same as in M 2 .",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_338,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","If learning one type of perturbation required larger changes in preferred directions of neural units, then those perturbations might be harder to learn.","We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","If that were the case, the angles between control spaces would have been zero, not in the range of 40-80u as shown. If learning one type of perturbation required larger changes in preferred directions of neural units, then those perturbations might be harder to learn. We ensured that learning the two perturbation types required comparable preferreddirection changes ( Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_344,"""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.",Within-manifold perturbations altered the relationship between factors and cursor kinematics.,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity.""","We can expressx t in terms of the decoded velocity at the previous time stepx t{1 and the current z-scored spike count vector u t : Within-manifold perturbations altered the relationship between factors and cursor kinematics. This preserves the relationship between neural units and the intrinsic manifold, but changes the relationship between dimensions of the intrinsic manifold and cursor velocity.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_358,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action.","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","Some behaviours are easier to learn than others 1-4 . A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action. In the simplified network represented in Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_369,"""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says.","For monkey L, we did not analyse 3 sessions (2 within-manifold perturbations; 1 outside-manifold perturbation).","Byron M. Yu, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon, believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people's lives. ""These findings could be the basis for novel rehabilitation procedures for the many neural disorders that are characterized by improper neural activity,"" Yu says. ""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity.","For monkey J, we did not analyse 11 sessions (2 within-manifold perturbations; 9 outside-manifold perturbations). For monkey L, we did not analyse 3 sessions (2 within-manifold perturbations; 1 outside-manifold perturbation). At the beginning of each day, the monkey was typically able to control the cursor proficiently using the previous day's intuitive mapping.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_377,"Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","By construction, the intuitive mapping lies within the intrinsic manifold.","As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","Such co-modulations among neurons mean that neural activity does not uniformly populate the neural space [16] . By construction, the intuitive mapping lies within the intrinsic manifold. A within-manifold perturbation was created by re-orienting the intuitive control space but keeping it within the intrinsic manifold (depicted as the red line in Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_386,"*Image of ""teenager"" via Shutterstock","Learning is significantly better for within-manifold perturbations (red, n 5 28 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L)) than for outside-manifold perturbations (blue, n 5 39 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L)).","""Restoring function might require a person to generate a new pattern of neural activity. We could use techniques similar to what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity."" *Image of ""teenager"" via Shutterstock","2a and Fig. Learning is significantly better for within-manifold perturbations (red, n 5 28 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L)) than for outside-manifold perturbations (blue, n 5 39 (monkey J), 15 (monkey L)). If the control spaces for one type of perturbation tended to be farther from the intuitive control space, then they might be harder to find, and thus, learning would be reduced.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_389,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","Thus, the number of possible g OM is 10 factorial, all of which were considered as candidate outside-manifold perturbations.","""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","The eleventh group had the remaining neural units. Thus, the number of possible g OM is 10 factorial, all of which were considered as candidate outside-manifold perturbations. On some days, one electrode would become unusable (relative to the previous day) as evident from the threshold crossing waveforms.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_397,"""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""",For the linear regressions in Fig.,"We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning."" The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements.","In Extended Data Figs 1a and 3 , the histograms did not follow a normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). For the linear regressions in Fig. In each comparison, better performance is to the right.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/nature13665,Computer_Science_easy_398,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.","For monkey J, we often alternated perturbation types across consecutive days.","The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","In other words, g OM u t is a permuted version of u t . For monkey J, we often alternated perturbation types across consecutive days. The total number possible g WM is 10 factorial (3,628,800).",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1177/1461444813516832,Computer_Science_easy_417,"""Overall, the proportion of textisms of all words in the written exams by all participants was a tiny 0.02 percent, and, with the outlying student's results excluded, was reduced to only 0.01 percent--an average of approximately one textism in every 7,200 words.""","Overall, the proportion of textisms of all words in the written exams by all participants was a tiny 0.02% and, with the outlying student's results excluded, was reduced to only 0.01% (an average of approximately one textism in every 7200 words).","Advertisement:

""Only a very small percentage of words written in these exam papers could be counted as textisms,"" the researchers report, ""and 43 of these occurred in a single student's paper. ""Overall, the proportion of textisms of all words in the written exams by all participants was a tiny 0.02 percent, and, with the outlying student's results excluded, was reduced to only 0.01 percent--an average of approximately one textism in every 7,200 words."" Advertisement:

Specifically, they found only 39 examples of texting-type contractions, such as using ppl as an abbreviation for people.","Only a very small percentage of words written in these exam papers could be counted as textisms and 43 of these occurred in a single student's paper. Overall, the proportion of textisms of all words in the written exams by all participants was a tiny 0.02% and, with the outlying student's results excluded, was reduced to only 0.01% (an average of approximately one textism in every 7200 words). Various other types of textism types that have been observed in previous research on actual text-messages (e.g., were not seen in the exam papers viewed in this study.",[5],Computer_Science,val,5.0,news,http://www.salon.com/2014/01/16/study_texting_doesnt_erode_your_writing_skills_partner/
10.1111/cogs.12127,Computer_Science_easy_463,"Understanding the process, they say, may provide a road map for speeding up innovation.","Inter-rater reliability, assessed by comparing the primary and secondary coder's codes for approximately 1 h worth of transcript, was acceptable, at (Cohen's kappa) k = .77.","Understanding the process, they say, may provide a road map for speeding up innovation. ""They barely break even on old products. What they found in the sessions they studied is that new ideas didn't spring fully formed after massive cognitive leaps.","One Hundred and forty-four analogies were found across the two transcripts (79 in the first and 65 in the second), with all designers contributing analogies at approximately the same rate, commensurate with their level of participation in the meetings overall (correlation between number of analogy and nonanalogy utterances across designers was high, r = .72). Inter-rater reliability, assessed by comparing the primary and secondary coder's codes for approximately 1 h worth of transcript, was acceptable, at (Cohen's kappa) k = .77. Of the 144 analogies found, 16% were coded as near, and 84% were coded as far.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140617144814.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1073/pnas.1612139114,Computer_Science_easy_465,"""Our way of doing this is just the simplest thing you could possibly do,"" Rocks said.","By Maxwell-Calladine counting, N 0 − N s = dN − N b , where N 0 is the number of zero modes .","""It's a long-distance effect,"" Liu said. ""Our way of doing this is just the simplest thing you could possibly do,"" Rocks said. This is not so different from how some researchers describe folded proteins, he said.","Note that the solution only depends on the basis vectors in V. This means that only this small number vectors must calculated and the rest my be neglected. By Maxwell-Calladine counting, N 0 − N s = dN − N b , where N 0 is the number of zero modes . (12).",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/Q7x3p39dANs/
10.1126/scirobotics.aat3630,Computer_Science_easy_466,The researchers say this is an essential component for movements that feel natural.,"The ranges for the lower and upper thresholds across users were 10 to 30% and 60 to 150%, respectively.","For example, patients could turn the hand slowly but open it quickly at the same time. The researchers say this is an essential component for movements that feel natural. Professor Farina hopes to eliminate the need for this in future prototypes, without sacrificing personalisation to specific patients.","After adjustment, the applied range varied from user to user and between the different prosthetic functions. The ranges for the lower and upper thresholds across users were 10 to 30% and 60 to 150%, respectively. Both methods allowed for proportional control: The stronger the user contracted the muscles, the faster the prosthesis moved or the higher the grip force in case an object was grasped.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34446776281&p=1pl&v=1&x=pyC3r_0EBGE1dstreYjjBA
10.12688/gatesopenres.12816.2,Computer_Science_easy_472,"Given that the current annual global spending on product development is about $3 billion, this suggests that an additional $1.5 billion to $2.8 billion -- at least -- is needed annually to close the R&D funding gap.","The model outputs are highly dependent on the underlying assumptions (the input parameters), which were based on aggregate data.","The authors note their estimate likely understates the total costs. Given that the current annual global spending on product development is about $3 billion, this suggests that an additional $1.5 billion to $2.8 billion -- at least -- is needed annually to close the R&D funding gap. ""The model shows us where the current pipeline is most robust and where it is lacking,"" said Yamey.","all simple vaccines would have the same overall development costs). The model outputs are highly dependent on the underlying assumptions (the input parameters), which were based on aggregate data. The health impact estimates in the model are entirely reliant on users estimating the future expected impact, which is subject to tremendous uncertainty.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=35006665522&p=1pl&v=1&x=XWg3l4CX3blZKb53AVgAzw
10.1038/s41598-019-39917-5,Computer_Science_easy_474,The technique has great potential to improve management of koala populations and other threatened species as well as being used to detect invasive species.,"Automated and manual detection methods were found to be similarly efficient in terms of time required to complete detections per survey, although as noted much of the time required for the automated detection method is simply processing time and requires no input from the user.",The technique has great potential to improve management of koala populations and other threatened species as well as being used to detect invasive species.,"Nonetheless, even in its current form this methodology has already matched the optimal of performance of similar wildlife automated detection methods. Automated and manual detection methods were found to be similarly efficient in terms of time required to complete detections per survey, although as noted much of the time required for the automated detection method is simply processing time and requires no input from the user. Automated detection yields a higher probability of detection and a lower or comparable rate of false positive error in the same amount of time as the latter.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38668516509&p=1pl&v=1&x=Qp-9ebTnDRZjy4JK92oG3Q
10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.008,Computer_Science_easy_487,"""It's distressing because this is only one machine,"" Bolton says.","Because this spreading function has only one independent variable (δz), it was computationally feasible to implement a lookup table for all of the possible values of δz at a resolution of 0.1 barks.","He found that each alarm could be at least partially masked when other alarms went off simultaneously, and that one high-priority alarm could be completely masked. ""It's distressing because this is only one machine,"" Bolton says. Future plans

Analyzing an alarm system, such as the one described above, can take days.","In particular, model checkers are unable to represent non-linear mathematical operations on model variables. Because this spreading function has only one independent variable (δz), it was computationally feasible to implement a lookup table for all of the possible values of δz at a resolution of 0.1 barks. because found this to be appropriate for tonal maskers.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/hospital-alarms-blend-together-fail-to-alert-caregivers-of-emergencies/
10.1126/scirobotics.aas9020,Computer_Science_easy_493,"The proposed e-skins can be softly, compactly, and reversibly assembled into soft robot frames to activate muscle-like soft actuators without interfering with their soft motions.","On the other hand, Y data of the nonencoded data suffered an initial degradation (Y data~9 5% at d eskin = 0.01 m) and was markedly exacerbated as d eskin increased (Y data~7 0% at d eskin = 0.95 m).","The e-skin pair can perform wireless communication of the four-state control signal at a distance of more than 5 m, and the embedded encoding mechanism makes the inter-skin communication noise-tolerant. The proposed e-skins can be softly, compactly, and reversibly assembled into soft robot frames to activate muscle-like soft actuators without interfering with their soft motions. Benefits of this e-skin-mediated soft robotic assembly include coadaptive movement that helps the robot pass through and/or operate in highly confined spaces, whose cross section is even smaller than the robot size.","The result showed that the encoded periodicity helped the amplitude threshold settle at an optimal level and made the system tolerant to harsh noise condition (the minimum Y data was~98.63% measured at d eskin = 0.95 m, the nearest region to a noise source). On the other hand, Y data of the nonencoded data suffered an initial degradation (Y data~9 5% at d eskin = 0.01 m) and was markedly exacerbated as d eskin increased (Y data~7 0% at d eskin = 0.95 m). E-skin-mediated assembly and wireless activation of a soft robotic hand Attractive features of the e-skin pair in terms of softness, light weight, and wireless electronic functionality can lead to design of soft robots that are fully compliant in every part and can be wirelessly activated.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34190302577&p=1pl&v=1&x=59PyfhyPKG99NVVixUBp4w
10.1126/science.aav4837,Computer_Science_easy_523,"Then the team ran the experiment again - but only after training the rats to sometimes associate a particular spot in the environment with a large food reward.That training seemingly altered the firing pattern of the rats' grid cells: The neurons fired closer to the reward location, shrinking the spacing of the navigational grid around that position like water swirling down a drain.","One-sided t test regression analysis: MEC, r = 0.1181, P < 0.00001; CA1, r = -0.00227, P = 1.","There, for instance, they might use information from previous experiences to guide their search. Then the team ran the experiment again - but only after training the rats to sometimes associate a particular spot in the environment with a large food reward.That training seemingly altered the firing pattern of the rats' grid cells: The neurons fired closer to the reward location, shrinking the spacing of the navigational grid around that position like water swirling down a drain. The overall orientation, or tilt, of the grid also rotated, as if responding to an entirely different spatial context.","Finally, we showed that assembly expression of different goal-related context rapidly alternated in MEC during learning, similar to CA1 flickering (19, 20) . One-sided t test regression analysis: MEC, r = 0.1181, P < 0.00001; CA1, r = -0.00227, P = 1. Spearman correlation analysis: MEC, r = 0.10415, P < 0.00001; CA1, r = -0.02331, P = 0.02369.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38946226685&p=1pl&v=1&x=82KkR2G6r_Cwm2Uds8EN5g
10.1145/3178876.3186094,Computer_Science_easy_528,It should help law enforcement agencies and policy makers allocate resources accordingly.,"Coefficients in bold are significant with p < 0.001, those in brackets are not significant, all others are significant with p < 0.02.","That's an interesting result that sheds some much-needed light onto the murky world of drug dealing over the darknet. It should help law enforcement agencies and policy makers allocate resources accordingly. More work will be needed to chart the evolution of this new market, however.","For the top trading countries, there is a clear relationship between trade and national consumption, but not national production. Coefficients in bold are significant with p < 0.001, those in brackets are not significant, all others are significant with p < 0.02. This choice of methods allows us to interpret the contextual nature of our findings in some detail.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33002683778&p=1pl&v=1&x=qUU-fYzMJlwgxYLX8_DDgA
10.1073/pnas.1700319114,Computer_Science_easy_531,"The framework also can help predict certain dimensions of poverty such as deprivations in education, standard of living, and health.","S6 ), thus motivating the need for a nonlinear term.","This can be gleaned from the presence of electricity, paved roads, agriculture, and other signs of development. The framework also can help predict certain dimensions of poverty such as deprivations in education, standard of living, and health. Unlike surveys or censuses, which can take years and cost millions of dollars, these maps can be generated quickly and cost-efficiently.","Without the nonlinear term, f () in Eq. S6 ), thus motivating the need for a nonlinear term. Any finite sample generated from it is jointly multivariate normal .",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/data-poverty-maps-1628812/
10.1038/s41746-017-0013-1,Computer_Science_easy_532,"""That's fine when you're looking at cat videos and stuff on the internet -- there's many of those,"" she said.","Taken together, these results suggest that our approach may be useful in helping echocardiographers improve their accuracy, efficiency, and workflow and provide a foundation for highthroughput analysis of echocardiographic data.","The humans, on the other hand, demonstrated 70.2 to 83.5 percent accuracy. ""That's fine when you're looking at cat videos and stuff on the internet -- there's many of those,"" she said. She says the researchers were able to build the view classification with less than 1 percent of 1 percent of the data available to them.","We report a model that achieves nearly 98 percent overall test accuracy based on a variety of video and still-image view-classification tasks. Taken together, these results suggest that our approach may be useful in helping echocardiographers improve their accuracy, efficiency, and workflow and provide a foundation for highthroughput analysis of echocardiographic data. Clustering analyses showed that the neural network could sort heterogeneous input images into groups according to view (Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33627945602&p=1pl&v=1&x=roLmqPU7ZaBAZmVA10w6Aw
10.1186/s12911-019-0795-y,Computer_Science_easy_549,"""The general expertise in NLP, the infrastructure for the access to the notes, and some of the support for the software comes through SCTR,"" says Lenert.","The major reasons for a false positive included the ambiguities of the experiencer of social isolation, negation, and alternate meaning of words.","The team is already using NLP to identify patients with financial insecurity and alcohol abuse. ""The general expertise in NLP, the infrastructure for the access to the notes, and some of the support for the software comes through SCTR,"" says Lenert. In a sense, NLP can help physicians ""listen"" to their patients better, understand their health challenges in the broader context of their lives, and provide more informed and nuanced care.","The NLP pipeline demonstrated 90% precision, 97% recall, and 93% F-measure. The major reasons for a false positive included the ambiguities of the experiencer of social isolation, negation, and alternate meaning of words. Conclusions: Our NLP algorithms demonstrate a highly accurate approach to identify social isolation.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39268754418&p=1pl&v=1&x=bPoZI0Q8V80rtIG86wDfZg
10.1126/scirobotics.aar5438,Computer_Science_easy_552,"""Using this method, we achieved a huge improvement in metabolic performance for the wearers of a hip extension assistive device.""","In the discrete-time domain, Eq.","""This new method is an effective and fast way to optimize control parameter settings for assistive wearable devices,"" said Ye Ding, a postdoctoral fellow at SEAS and co-first author of the research. ""Using this method, we achieved a huge improvement in metabolic performance for the wearers of a hip extension assistive device."" ""Finding the right control parameters for each wearer used to be a difficult, step-by-step process because not only do all humans walk a little differently but the experiments required to manually tune parameters are complicated and time-consuming""

The researchers, led by Conor Walsh, the John L. Loeb Associate Professor of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Scott Kuindersma, Assistant Professor of Engineering and Computer Science at SEAS, developed an algorithm that can cut through that variability and rapidly identify the best control parameters that work best for minimizing the of walking.","The mathematical representation in the frequency domain takes the form In the discrete-time domain, Eq. 1 can be written as",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33432260464&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZxLR17ps6B59vepbrsmGcw
10.1088/1741-2560/13/1/016006,Computer_Science_easy_556,"""I hope to see it on the market in the next year"" concludes Palanker.","Gland innervation in animal models of diseased glands was unaltered , which may allow experiments with stimulation of diseased glands.","The next phase of the research will be to evaluate the 'quality' of the tears produced, as in addition to volume, protein and lipid content are important. The device is currently undertaking clinical trials for FDA approval. ""I hope to see it on the market in the next year"" concludes Palanker.","McCreery et al also found no tissue damage after stimulating the feline cortex with 0.1 μC mm −2 per pulse for several hours with similar waveform parameters. Gland innervation in animal models of diseased glands was unaltered , which may allow experiments with stimulation of diseased glands. Besides the tear volume, dry eye disease is also associated with changes in tear osmolarity, protein composition, inflammatory markers, and lipid content.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/oyCOcjmRNSo/
10.1126/scirobotics.aai9251,Computer_Science_easy_565,"The researchers currently need to conduct proof of concept, to be able to test their proposal in the near future.","2 , D and E).","According to the researchers, relevant tissue grafts need to be pushed and pulled in multiple directions to test its adaptability, and to closely mimic both structure and movements of a patient's body. Apparently, tissue created in stationary environments and grafted to patients are uncomfortable, according to the Fossbytes. The researchers currently need to conduct proof of concept, to be able to test their proposal in the near future.","The film responds with fidelity to small changes of the environmental temperature (Fig. 2 , D and E). 2E ) reveal that the film senses temperature variations of at least 10 mK.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.universityherald.com/articles/69245/20170314/robots-given-artificial-skin-by-oxford-scientists-for-future-transplant.htm
10.1126/science.aao7104,Computer_Science_easy_568,"In fact, they even had to leave their improvised laboratory in Peru for two days because it was overrun by army ants.",Smaller species and those with higher wing loading may use arcing turns more often for a tactical or safety advantage.,"The data gathering wasn't quite as easy as simply capturing the birds because of the conditions the researchers were in. In fact, they even had to leave their improvised laboratory in Peru for two days because it was overrun by army ants. Still, they were able to gather the data that shed light into the hummingbirds' impressive flight skill and agility.","This could be due to biomechanical differences that influence the efficiency of Arc and PRT maneuvers (such as wingbeat frequency, inertia, and/or mass distribution). Smaller species and those with higher wing loading may use arcing turns more often for a tactical or safety advantage. Our results show that performance and frequency of use are often related and that skill predominates.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33251950532&p=1pl&v=1&x=sO-LC5DADPURy79u8ISUjQ
10.1038/s41598-018-29984-5,Computer_Science_easy_577,"If the object moves, the phase of the reflecting wave changes.","The S1 PPE , in contrast, shows a contradictory behaviour.","If the object moves, the phase of the reflecting wave changes. In contrast to radar systems for traffic monitoring, the biomedical radar system can detect changes in movement that measure a few micrometres, which is an important prerequisite to diagnosing even the smallest anomalies such as insufficiency, stenoses or heart valves that do not close properly. As reliable as established measuring methods

Initial tests were very successful.","Furthermore, the radar distance-based respiratory signal is highly similar to the signal from the RS, while PUT breathes at leisure: The correlation between both respiration signals is 94.44% for the presented measurement data and 89.14 ± 10.53% for the complete database. The S1 PPE , in contrast, shows a contradictory behaviour. While after breath-holding this signal equals both other signals, too, the curve is reversed before breath-holding.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34948105319&p=1pl&v=1&x=6mvgZ8uW1t9cJCMowGLLvw
10.1073/pnas.1816591116,Computer_Science_easy_592,"Because the process closely mimics what happens in living cells, we can use our platform to investigate a range of biological phenomena without having to modify living cells each time.""","S9 ), allowing us to consistently extract the posterior probability distributions of all parameters, which consist of fixed effective dissociation constants of each individual ZF, as well as the effective energies describing ZF-RNAP and ZF-ZF interactions.","Interestingly, we can restart gene expression outside the cell by feeding the extract with fuel and information, in the form of high-energy phosphates and DNA. Because the process closely mimics what happens in living cells, we can use our platform to investigate a range of biological phenomena without having to modify living cells each time."" ""Our method can be extended to build fairly complicated systems.""","This extension to the model was motivated by our results that a ZF with a fixed binding affinity represses with varying efficiency, depending on the position of the binding site; the changing RNAP-ZF interaction energy therefore provides a simple description of this effect. S9 ), allowing us to consistently extract the posterior probability distributions of all parameters, which consist of fixed effective dissociation constants of each individual ZF, as well as the effective energies describing ZF-RNAP and ZF-ZF interactions. The fits are shown in Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38838325144&p=1pl&v=1&x=5Q-0lzrnzvbbrcvRE6azyw
10.1186/s13321-018-0307-6,Computer_Science_easy_598,"""If we were trying to synthesize and test all possible individual chemicals of interest, it would take way too much time and be too expensive.","Therefore, based on the eighteen bioactive macrolide scaffolds we studied, MW limit of 500 g mol −1 may not be quite relevant for macrolides.","""If we were trying to synthesize and test all possible individual chemicals of interest, it would take way too much time and be too expensive. This in silico screening process quickly and inexpensively identifies compounds with desirable properties that experimental chemists can then synthesize and test. So if you want to find new compounds, computer simulation is by far the fastest way to do it.""","320 g mol −1 and bulky functional groups, eighteen BM scaffolds were found to have MWs very close to the MW threshold. Therefore, based on the eighteen bioactive macrolide scaffolds we studied, MW limit of 500 g mol −1 may not be quite relevant for macrolides. SlogP had a bell-shaped symmetric distribution with values ranging from 1.19 to 5.57, and an average of 3.29 ± 0.77 (Fig.",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37828594539&p=1pl&v=1&x=daEO-b5NQ6wS88Khcyy5JA
10.1126/scirobotics.aai7529,Computer_Science_easy_604,"While other robotic hands sensed only items that could conduct electricity, the Gentle Bot could easily sense any material that could conduct light.","2A) , we observed a highly linear response curve of power loss with strain.","Another astounding difference of the Gentle Bot was its ability to ""sense."" While other robotic hands sensed only items that could conduct electricity, the Gentle Bot could easily sense any material that could conduct light. Even with its amazing ""sense,"" the Gentle Bot hand created by Cornell still does not have a direct connection to the brain.","The 3D integration of the sensors and actuators means that the waveguides are parts of the body and they will deform when the actuator does, serving as proprioceptive sensors. 2A) , we observed a highly linear response curve of power loss with strain. This linear curve can be derived from the Beer-Lambert law",[1],Computer_Science,val,1.0,news,http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/33851/20161212/gentle-bot-researchers-develop-robot-human-touch.htm
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Medicine_101,"""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today -- quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution.""","Darwin suggested that the sudden appearance of a range of advanced animals in the Cambrian was difficult to reconcile with gradual evolution by natural selection , as they would have required a lengthy period of Precambrian evolution.","""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today -- quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution."" Their modelling showed that moderately accelerated evolution was sufficient to explain the seemingly sudden appearance of many groups of advanced animals in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion. ""It was during this Cambrian period that many of the most familiar traits associated with this group of animals evolved, like a hard exoskeleton, jointed legs, and compound (multi-faceted) eyes that are shared by all arthropods.","A relatively short Precambrian prelude dictates this pattern, while even a lengthy ''phylogenetic fuse'' can be interpreted to be consistent with it: phyla could have diverged deep in the Precambrian but still acquired many novelties simultaneously across the early Cambrian (though it is hard to interpret innovations shared by multiple phyla as evolving in the Cambrian under the second scenario). Darwin suggested that the sudden appearance of a range of advanced animals in the Cambrian was difficult to reconcile with gradual evolution by natural selection , as they would have required a lengthy period of Precambrian evolution. A much shorter cryptic period would be required if rates of evolution in the late Precambrian and early Cambrian could be demonstrated to be substantially elevated.","[2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130912131753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1080/08897077.2014.883344,Medicine_108,The researchers caution that the findings of this paper are not sufficient to confirm the reasons for differences in youth and adult alcohol brand preferences.,"Therefore, despite our use of analytic weighting, it is possible that our youth brand preference estimates do not fully represent the brand choices of Black and lower income youth, an issue that might further affect the comparability of our youth and adult brand consumption estimates.","These beverages took up a share of youth consumption that was nearly 7 times (6.7) their share of adult consumption. The researchers caution that the findings of this paper are not sufficient to confirm the reasons for differences in youth and adult alcohol brand preferences. ""Future research is urgently needed to understand to what extent other factors such as price, taste and marketing play a role in young people's choices of these particular brands,"" said study co-author David Jernigan, CAMY director.","There were no substantial differences by region (p=0.11). Therefore, despite our use of analytic weighting, it is possible that our youth brand preference estimates do not fully represent the brand choices of Black and lower income youth, an issue that might further affect the comparability of our youth and adult brand consumption estimates. Finally, it is possible that respondents either exaggerated or underreported their drinking behavior, though it should be pointed out that research long ago established the validity of substance use surveys completed under conditions of anonymity.","[4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.6,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140320111742.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1073/pnas.1620674114,Medicine_121,"The analysis by Larsen and Noack, a postdoctoral researcher at the Bren School, demonstrated potentially valuable benefits to crop diversity and to smaller fields.","Surprisingly, the crops for which diversity had little effect on insecticides were also the crops for which surrounding cropland extent led to an increase in insecticides.","""Unlocking the different landscape components across multiple crops and spatial scales provides a novel understanding of which characteristics are likely to increase or decrease insecticide use for specific crops."" The analysis by Larsen and Noack, a postdoctoral researcher at the Bren School, demonstrated potentially valuable benefits to crop diversity and to smaller fields. However, these benefits were highly dependent on crop type.","For oranges and wine grapes, the diversity relationship was negative, but not statistically significant, and less than 2 kg/ha in magnitude, and for carrots, the relationship was near zero. Surprisingly, the crops for which diversity had little effect on insecticides were also the crops for which surrounding cropland extent led to an increase in insecticides. Here, wine grapes and oranges were the only crops with nearly significant (P = 0.06 and P = 0.11, respectively) increases in insecticides as a result of increasing cropland extent (recall that with individual crop analyses, statistical power is substantially reduced relative to the all-crop model).","[4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.8,news,http://www.futurity.org/crops-insecticide-use-1433402/
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_141,"During the 18-month treatment period, the primary outcome (the composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding at 18 months after randomization) occurred in 6 of 184 patients (3 percent) in the warfarin group and in 25 of 187 patients (13.5 percent) in the placebo group, resulting in a relative risk reduction of 78 percent in favor of warfarin.","The first three patients were actively receiving warfarin therapy when major bleeding occurred, whereas in the fourth patient, the bleeding episode occurred 1 month after the patient decided to stop warfarin (without any medical rationale).","After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event. During the 18-month treatment period, the primary outcome (the composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding at 18 months after randomization) occurred in 6 of 184 patients (3 percent) in the warfarin group and in 25 of 187 patients (13.5 percent) in the placebo group, resulting in a relative risk reduction of 78 percent in favor of warfarin. This result was driven by a reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, with the risk of bleeding increasing to a minimal extent.","d Of these 4 patients, the first experienced serious epistaxis at 2 months, associated with a decrease in hemoglobin level of at least 2 g/dL and required embolization; the second had retroperitoneal bleeding at 4 months, associated with a decrease in hemoglobin level of at least 2 g/dL, resolving spontaneously after anticoagulation was stopped; the third presented with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding at 13 months, associated with a decrease in hemoglobin level of at least 2 g/dL and required transfusion of 2 units of packed red cells; the fourth experienced intraocular bleeding at 18 months. The first three patients were actively receiving warfarin therapy when major bleeding occurred, whereas in the fourth patient, the bleeding episode occurred 1 month after the patient decided to stop warfarin (without any medical rationale). e One patient presented major bleeding 314 days after warfarin was initiated for recurrent venous thromboembolism.","[1.0, 4.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/benefit-of-extending-anticoagulation-therapy-lost-after-discontinuation-of-therapy
10.1186/2193-1801-3-693,Medicine_153,"Similarly, at 100K, the fastest women went from 4.5 mph to 8 mph, while the pace increase in men was from 6.3 mph to 9.3 mph.","The athlete's age of the ten fastest women was significantly different between 100 km and 200 km and between 100 km and 1,000 km (Table 2) .","At 50K, the fastest women have gone from averaging 6.5 miles per hour (mph) to 9.5 mph, and the fastest men, who used to average 8.8 mph, were covering 10.8 mph by the end of the study period. Similarly, at 100K, the fastest women went from 4.5 mph to 8 mph, while the pace increase in men was from 6.3 mph to 9.3 mph. In contrast, the top runners' speed at 200K and 1,000K, which are contested less frequently, didn't change during the study period.","The athlete's ages of the ten fastest women ever were 40 ± 4 yrs (50 km), 34 ± 7 yrs (100 km), 42 ± 6 yrs (200 km), and 41 ± 5 yrs (1,000 km) (Figure 4 ). The athlete's age of the ten fastest women was significantly different between 100 km and 200 km and between 100 km and 1,000 km (Table 2) . No differences were found between the other race distances.","[1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.6,news,http://www.runnersworld.com/races/top-runners-at-short-ultramarathons-are-getting-younger-faster?page=single
10.1038/s41467-018-04648-0,Medicine_161,"""By relating these advanced neuroimaging measures back to the patient experience, we provide evidence that the future targeting of central inflammatory pathways may greatly enhance the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and potentially other chronic inflammatory disorders.""",These regions may play a critical role in transducing peripheral inflammatory signals to the central changes seen in rheumatoid arthritis.,"""This intriguing data supports the idea that rheumatoid arthritis inflammation targets the brain and not just the joints,"" Basu says. ""By relating these advanced neuroimaging measures back to the patient experience, we provide evidence that the future targeting of central inflammatory pathways may greatly enhance the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and potentially other chronic inflammatory disorders."" Because this is one of the first studies to examine brain inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, Schrepf says, additional research is needed on the correlation.","A graph theoretical analysis of whole-brain functional connectivity revealed a pattern of connections spanning 49 regions, including the IPL and medial frontal cortex, that are associated with peripheral inflammation. These regions may play a critical role in transducing peripheral inflammatory signals to the central changes seen in rheumatoid arthritis. These changes tend to be conserved across mammalian species and include increased sensitivity to pain, fatigue and cognitive dysfunction.","[5.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,4.333333333333333,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34334472687&p=1pl&v=1&x=4AUPMIcZw56G8088fDCfzQ
10.1186/2193-1801-3-693,Medicine_172,One factor in leading 50K times getting faster is that younger runners have increasingly turned to the event.,"In the 50 km ( Figure 7A ) and the 100 km events ( Figure 7B ), running speed increased significantly in the annual fastest women and men.","In contrast, the top runners' speed at 200K and 1,000K, which are contested less frequently, didn't change during the study period. One factor in leading 50K times getting faster is that younger runners have increasingly turned to the event. In 1988, the average age of the year's 10 fastest women was 39, while in 2012 it was 32.","There were not enough data available for an analysis of age of peak running speed in the 200 km and the 1,000 km events. In the 50 km ( Figure 7A ) and the 100 km events ( Figure 7B ), running speed increased significantly in the annual fastest women and men. There were no significant changes in running speed in 1,000 km events ( Figure 7D ) where peak running speed remained unchanged at 4.6 ± 0.6 km/h for women and at 5.5 ± 0.6 km/h for men.","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,2.4,news,http://www.runnersworld.com/races/top-runners-at-short-ultramarathons-are-getting-younger-faster?page=single
10.1038/s41598-019-42900-9,Medicine_179,The study shows how the progression of prion diseases to the brain is slowed if animals have previously been infected with a gut worm.,"Thus, co-infection with small intestine-restricted helminth pathogens around the time of oral prion exposure may be important factors that can influence prion disease pathogenesis in naturally affected host species.","Gut worms may hinder the spread of prions to the brain

A study of an infectious brain condition that destroys nerve cells helps to explain why some individuals may be at more risk than others. The study shows how the progression of prion diseases to the brain is slowed if animals have previously been infected with a gut worm. The study showed that in animals that had previously been infected with a gut worm, the spread of the prions to the brain was reduced, delaying the onset of disease.","Minor oral (lingual) lesions can enhance susceptibility to CWD prions in cervid PrP-expressing transgenic mice by facilitating direct neural invasion 26 . Instead our data suggest that oral prion disease pathogenesis is significantly altered when the density or the status of the cells utilized by prions to establish infection within small intestinal Peyer's patches is affected, including: M cells 22 ; MNP 34 (current study); and FDC 16 . Thus, co-infection with small intestine-restricted helminth pathogens around the time of oral prion exposure may be important factors that can influence prion disease pathogenesis in naturally affected host species.","[4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39378222543&p=1pl&v=1&x=jfJUiwsMZ45C94TbLKElNQ
10.1038/s41598-019-42900-9,Medicine_180,The study shows how the progression of prion diseases to the brain is slowed if animals have previously been infected with a gut worm.,"Since the lambs in the above study 65 were co-infected with T. circumcincta long after prion neuroinvasion from the intestine is likely to have occurred 62 , the reduced survival times are unlikely to be a consequence of effects of the parasite infection on the uptake or accumulation of the prions within the GALT.","Gut worms may hinder the spread of prions to the brain

A study of an infectious brain condition that destroys nerve cells helps to explain why some individuals may be at more risk than others. The study shows how the progression of prion diseases to the brain is slowed if animals have previously been infected with a gut worm. The study showed that in animals that had previously been infected with a gut worm, the spread of the prions to the brain was reduced, delaying the onset of disease.","Treatments that can delay the accumulation of prions in the GALT do not influence disease pathogenesis once neuroinvasion has occurred and the prions have established infection in the peripheral nervous system 5 . Since the lambs in the above study 65 were co-infected with T. circumcincta long after prion neuroinvasion from the intestine is likely to have occurred 62 , the reduced survival times are unlikely to be a consequence of effects of the parasite infection on the uptake or accumulation of the prions within the GALT. However, it is plausible that the parasite-mediated damage to the abomasum stimulated the systemic release of inflammatory mediators that exacerbated the development of neuropathology within the CNS 68 .","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.6666666666666665,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39378222543&p=1pl&v=1&x=jfJUiwsMZ45C94TbLKElNQ
10.1098/rsos.171782,Medicine_184,"We find these ridges, located on the posterior of each splint, to be the partially formed remains of the first and fifth digits, which were once connected to the cartilages of the hoof.""",In none of the described embryonic specimens does the horse limb commence as a flattened paddle that characterizes early limb development in humans and other species ; the horse limb at early stages already resembles the adult form.,"""However, these partially formed digits also appear to contain their own elevated surfaces which hold additional evolutionary clues. We find these ridges, located on the posterior of each splint, to be the partially formed remains of the first and fifth digits, which were once connected to the cartilages of the hoof."" However, the scientist noticed that the bottom surface of Hipparion's fossilized forelimb appeared to be divided in five sections, as though small toes had bonded together.","Skeletal precursors are evident for digits II, III and IV, and are apparently absent for digits I and V; areas of apoptosis have been visualized surrounding digits II and IV [22] . In none of the described embryonic specimens does the horse limb commence as a flattened paddle that characterizes early limb development in humans and other species ; the horse limb at early stages already resembles the adult form. In the adult, our proposed position of these digits remains ventral to digit III both proximally at the wrist and distally towards the distal phalanx, retaining their embryonic relations.","[2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1073/pnas.1400547111,Medicine_190,"The researchers found as long as the levels remained above 0.5 percent, the sponges could survive.","Therefore, the oxygen requirements of sponges might be relatively low .","When oxygen levels dropped to zero, some died. The researchers found as long as the levels remained above 0.5 percent, the sponges could survive. ""There must have been other ecological and evolutionary mechanisms at play.","Because these cells are always in direct contact with seawater, they do not rely on the diffusion of oxygen from the external environment into the interior of the animal, nor do they require oxygen delivery via a true circulatory system. Therefore, the oxygen requirements of sponges might be relatively low . Sponges were also observed on the Volcano 7 seamount in the eastern tropical Pacific, where oxygen concentrations ranged from 4.5 to 7.2 μM O 2 .","[4.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.333333333333333,news,http://www.ibtimes.com/oxygen-needed-complex-life-sea-sponges-show-first-animals-did-just-fine-low-levels-1556394
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Medicine_193,"By bridging the S1 and S2 compartments, SMCHD1 was found to induce their merging into the conformation that prevents gene expression.","Thus, whereas Xist RNA fuses A/B into S1/S2 compartments, SMCHD1 merges S1/S2 ( Figure 7D ).","They then found that the loss of SMCHD1 prevented the spreading of Xist across the chromosome and kept the two large domains, which the team named S1 and S2 compartments, from being merged into the typical compartment-less inactive X structure. By bridging the S1 and S2 compartments, SMCHD1 was found to induce their merging into the conformation that prevents gene expression. She says, ""The knowledge gained could also be used to reactivate the inactive X chromosome to treat certain diseases, such as the neurodevelopmental disorders Rett syndrome and CDKL5 disorder.","SMCHD1 binds and bridges S1 and S2 compartments to create the ''compartment-less'' state ( Figures 4 and 7D ). Thus, whereas Xist RNA fuses A/B into S1/S2 compartments, SMCHD1 merges S1/S2 ( Figure 7D ). Failure to merge S1/S2 compartments is functionally significant, as regional Xist spreading becomes compromised ( Figure 3 ) and $43% of genes normally subject to XCI cannot be properly heterochromatinized or silenced (Figures 1 and 2 ).","[1.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34247911099&p=1pl&v=1&x=jy47GGI5GePjsmLvEf0-5Q
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Medicine_204,Their team showed that the same phenomenon was seen in a test tube where g-TuRC generated microtubules together with XMAP215.,de novo MT nucleation in Xenopus extracts as before (Fig.,"That's why no one else has seen it before."" Their team showed that the same phenomenon was seen in a test tube where g-TuRC generated microtubules together with XMAP215. This was chiefly the contribution of Rachel Kadzik, a postdoctoral researcher in Petry's lab and a co-first-author on the paper who purified the g-TuRC and, with Thawani, purified the XMAP215.","3a,b, Supplementary  Fig. de novo MT nucleation in Xenopus extracts as before (Fig. 2a) , we further verified that XMAP215 promoted negligible de novo nucleation without γ -TuRC ( Supplementary Fig.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Medicine_21,"""Our research also shows an amplification of this newly discovered teleconnection over the past four decades.""",Analysis also shows an amplification of this new teleconnection over the past four decades.,"""With the New Zealand Index, we can predict from late summer the likelihood of above- or below-normal winter precipitation in the southwestern U.S., with a correlation in the order of 0.7 -- compared to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation technique, which has a correlation around 0.3 to 0.4,"" said lead author Antonios Mamalakis, a UCI graduate student in civil & environmental engineering. ""Our research also shows an amplification of this newly discovered teleconnection over the past four decades."" Mamalakis said the unexpected result was the discovery of persistent sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure patterns in the southwestern Pacific Ocean that exhibited a strong correlation with precipitation in Southern California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah.","Here we report evidence that late-summer sea surface temperature and geopotential height anomalies close to New Zealand exhibit higher correlation with SWUS winter precipitation than ENSO, enhancing the potential for earlier and more accurate prediction. Analysis also shows an amplification of this new teleconnection over the past four decades. Our work highlights the need to understand the dynamic nature of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in a changing climate for improving future predictions of regional precipitation.","[5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.8,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34298793979&p=1pl&v=1&x=X9EWWL2okoyzIUr-hZu4jg
10.1073/pnas.1620674114,Medicine_222,"""Unlocking the different landscape components across multiple crops and spatial scales provides a novel understanding of which characteristics are likely to increase or decrease insecticide use for specific crops.""","For oranges and wine grapes, the diversity relationship was negative, but not statistically significant, and less than 2 kg/ha in magnitude, and for carrots, the relationship was near zero.","""Unlocking the different landscape components across multiple crops and spatial scales provides a novel understanding of which characteristics are likely to increase or decrease insecticide use for specific crops."" The analysis by Larsen and Noack, a postdoctoral researcher at the Bren School, demonstrated potentially valuable benefits to crop diversity and to smaller fields. However, these benefits were highly dependent on crop type.","Diversity surrounding almonds and pistachios also significantly reduced insecticide use on those crops by ∼2 kg/ha and ∼4 kg/ha, respectively. For oranges and wine grapes, the diversity relationship was negative, but not statistically significant, and less than 2 kg/ha in magnitude, and for carrots, the relationship was near zero. Surprisingly, the crops for which diversity had little effect on insecticides were also the crops for which surrounding cropland extent led to an increase in insecticides.","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,1.75,news,http://www.futurity.org/crops-insecticide-use-1433402/
10.1073/pnas.1414156112,Medicine_224,"Gambhir's team appears to have found a way to force any of numerous tumor types to produce a biomarker whose presence in the blood of mice unambiguously signifies cancer, because none of the rodents' tissues -- cancerous or otherwise -- would normally be making it.","An important point for clinical translation is that the blood reporter produced by our MCs will be diluted by the much larger (∼3,500-fold) blood volume in humans (5 L) as compared with mice (2 mL).","Or a tumor -- especially a small one -- simply may not secrete enough of the trademark substance to be detectable. Gambhir's team appears to have found a way to force any of numerous tumor types to produce a biomarker whose presence in the blood of mice unambiguously signifies cancer, because none of the rodents' tissues -- cancerous or otherwise -- would normally be making it. The particular promoter Gambhir and his colleagues snapped into the minicircle ahead of the SEAP gene normally regulates a gene called survivin that, in adults, is only ""on"" in cancer cells.","S7) ], but, with future improvements in both the vector itself and the delivery of the vector to tumors, it should be possible to detect smaller and smaller tumors over time. An important point for clinical translation is that the blood reporter produced by our MCs will be diluted by the much larger (∼3,500-fold) blood volume in humans (5 L) as compared with mice (2 mL). Once future studies define the minimal detectable tumor volume in mice, it will be important to consider that the minimal detectable volume in humans will be relatively larger because of the differences in total blood volume.","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.25,news,http://www.dddmag.com/news/2015/02/customized-dna-rings-aid-early-cancer-detection-mice
10.1007/s00421-011-2246-z,Medicine_228,"In other words, it isn't testosterone levels that predict muscle gains, but how sensitive your muscles are to that testosterone.","Acute hormonal responses were correlated with gains in lean body mass (LBM), muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and leg press strength.","This meant their bodies were able to make better use of the testosterone that was available. In other words, it isn't testosterone levels that predict muscle gains, but how sensitive your muscles are to that testosterone. If you've got a powerful V8 engine but cheap tires, you're not going to be able to make full use of that power.","Acute hormonal responses were correlated with gains in lean body mass (LBM), muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and leg press strength. There were no significant correlations between the exercise-induced elevations (area under the curve-AUC) of GH, fT and IGF-1 and gains in LBM or leg press strength. Significant correlations were found for cortisol, usually assumed to be a hormone indicative of catabolic drive, AUC with change in LBM (r = 0.29, P \ 0.05) and type II fibre CSA (r = 0.35, P \ 0.01) as well as GH AUC and gain in fibre area (type I: r = 0.36, P = 0.006; type II: r = 0.28, P = 0.04, but not lean mass).","[1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,4.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37808239538&p=1pl&v=1&x=AQl7ZSyfQjQzkZfNRuZIWA
10.1073/pnas.1800182115,Medicine_23,The ability to deliver CSCs to discrete sites at the cell surface is critical for cellulose synthesis.,"Therefore, delivery of CSCs to discrete sites at the plasma membrane is critical for cellulose synthesis.","The ability to deliver CSCs to discrete sites at the cell surface is critical for cellulose synthesis. The findings, published in an open-access paper in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could have important implications for biofuels. They also demonstrated that CSI1 interacts with a separate complex called the exocyst complex, which is involved in transporting materials to the plasma membrane in a variety of species, and a protein called PATROL1.","Therefore, delivery of CSCs to discrete sites at the plasma membrane is critical for cellulose synthesis. We propose that CSI1 plays a role in marking the docking site, which allows CSCs-containing vesicles access to the plasma membrane through its interaction with microtubules. PATROL1 assists in exocytosis by its interaction with multiple components, including CSI1, CSCs, and exocyst subunits.","[4.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.333333333333333,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33704103869&p=1pl&v=1&x=1mdbcJAuEly7wd__zKKS4Q
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Medicine_233,"Wills agrees that the new research makes this explanation for the Cambrian explosion ""look a lot more probable now.""","That study suggested that reconstructing relationships between Cambrian lineages would be essentially impossible assuming constant evolutionary rates, unless they diverged gradually over a time period of >100 Myr.","Innovations such as exoskeletons, vision, and jaws created new niches and evolution sped up to fill them. Wills agrees that the new research makes this explanation for the Cambrian explosion ""look a lot more probable now."" ""It's an excellent first step,"" says Douglas Erwin, a paleontologist at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., but the exact rates of evolution in the study might not be reliable.","These results are robust to dating methods and calibration assumptions (Table S3) . That study suggested that reconstructing relationships between Cambrian lineages would be essentially impossible assuming constant evolutionary rates, unless they diverged gradually over a time period of >100 Myr. However, the same study showed that phylogenetic relationships in a ''Cambrian bush'' are resolvable if elevated evolutionary rates during the critical time window generated large suites of changes on chronologically short branches.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.6,news,http://news.sciencemag.org/evolution/2013/09/evolution%E2%80%99s-clock-ticked-faster-dawn-modern-animals
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Medicine_235,"But it is to useful to illuminate strategies HIV-negative men employ for staying negative, and perhaps longitudinal studies of cohorts of black gay and bisexual men are important to understand changes in sexual practices over a lifetime, as well as whether changes in their risk reduction strategies occur as they age, as they enter long-term relationships, or as new biomedical prevention models become available.","When selecting sex partners, men said they tend to actively avoid men they perceive to be HIV positive, inject drugs, or those who appear to be very feminine or flamboyant.","Last, it is important to remember not to use research on men who are HIV negative to stigmatize or stereotype people living with HIV. But it is to useful to illuminate strategies HIV-negative men employ for staying negative, and perhaps longitudinal studies of cohorts of black gay and bisexual men are important to understand changes in sexual practices over a lifetime, as well as whether changes in their risk reduction strategies occur as they age, as they enter long-term relationships, or as new biomedical prevention models become available. It is evident that while engagement of black gay and bisexual men living with HIV is pertinent to winning the fight against the epidemic, especially in light of the undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U) movement, it is also important to engage HIV-negative men in tangible ways to ensure that they stay negative.","This theorized process of incrementally minimizing risk through successive adaptive decisions, continues in the ''selecting sex partners'' period. When selecting sex partners, men said they tend to actively avoid men they perceive to be HIV positive, inject drugs, or those who appear to be very feminine or flamboyant. These are examples of the persistence of stigma in personal preferences, but nevertheless are important to understand in the context of men's beliefs about how they are avoiding HIV.","[1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1186/1550-2783-10-5,Medicine_257,"In these cases, DePatie suggests having a snack that is ""high in protein and complex carbs.""",It is tempting to recommend pre-and postexercise carbohydrate doses that at least match or exceed the amounts of protein consumed in these meals.,"Although eating a full meal several hours before your workout may have some benefits, those who exercise in the morning may not have this kind of time. In these cases, DePatie suggests having a snack that is ""high in protein and complex carbs."" You may just want to skip a pre-workout meal to avoid nausea or discomfort, but this is a personal choice more than anything else.","Shifting the training session closer to the pre-or post-exercise meal should be dictated by personal preference, tolerance, and lifestyle/ scheduling constraints. It is tempting to recommend pre-and postexercise carbohydrate doses that at least match or exceed the amounts of protein consumed in these meals. However, carbohydrate availability during and after exercise is of greater concern for endurance as opposed to strength or hypertrophy goals.","[4.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.333333333333333,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39781460781&p=1pl&v=1&x=P4zRhdjGcASF9aYbnV9Q3w
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Medicine_261,"""Mutations in SMCHD1 are associated with several human diseases, including a severe form of muscular dystrophy and a syndrome in which an infant's nose fails to develop.",The X chromosome was therefore disproportionately upregulated by ablating Smchd1.,"""We showed that the SMCHD1 protein influences gene expression by regulating the folding of the inactive X chromosome into its unique conformation, which prevents expression of its genes,"" says Chen-Yu Wang, MD, of the MGH Department of Molecular Biology , lead author of the Cell paper. ""Mutations in SMCHD1 are associated with several human diseases, including a severe form of muscular dystrophy and a syndrome in which an infant's nose fails to develop. Our finding suggests that misfolded chromatin -- the chromosomal structure consisting of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones -- may play a role in those diseases.""","Approximately 30% (383/1275) of genes were downregulated, but they were not enriched on the X chromosome ( Figure S2B ). The X chromosome was therefore disproportionately upregulated by ablating Smchd1. 230 of >1,000 total X-linked genes passed our analysis pipeline and were identified as genes subject to XCI in NPCs (Xi genes) ( Figure 1E ).","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,1.75,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34247911099&p=1pl&v=1&x=jy47GGI5GePjsmLvEf0-5Q
10.1186/1550-2783-10-5,Medicine_279,"Whether you decide to eat 30 minutes or two hours after your workout, Agnani stressed that this meal is just as important as the one you had before hitting the gym.",demonstrated a clear benefit to consuming nutrients as soon as possible after exercise as opposed to delaying consumption.,"As for your eating after your workout, there is really no time constraint -- but you should definitely eat when you're hungry. Whether you decide to eat 30 minutes or two hours after your workout, Agnani stressed that this meal is just as important as the one you had before hitting the gym. ""Eating after your workout is important, as muscle repair continues,"" she wrote.","For maximizing MPS, the evidence supports the superiority of post-exercise free amino acids and/or protein (in various permutations with or without carbohydrate) compared to solely carbohydrate or non-caloric placebo . demonstrated a clear benefit to consuming nutrients as soon as possible after exercise as opposed to delaying consumption. Protein synthesis of the legs and whole body was increased threefold when the supplement was ingested immediately after exercise, as compared to just 12% when consumption was delayed.","[5.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39781460781&p=1pl&v=1&x=P4zRhdjGcASF9aYbnV9Q3w
10.1038/s41598-019-42900-9,Medicine_292,"The study showed that in animals that had previously been infected with a gut worm, the spread of the prions to the brain was reduced, delaying the onset of disease.",Pathogen induced alterations to GALT also have the potential to influence prion uptake and disease susceptibility.,"The study shows how the progression of prion diseases to the brain is slowed if animals have previously been infected with a gut worm. The study showed that in animals that had previously been infected with a gut worm, the spread of the prions to the brain was reduced, delaying the onset of disease. The team observed that previous infection with a gut worm reduced this accumulation, hindering the ability of the prions to then spread to the brain where they cause damage to nerve cells.","This may help to explain why the majority of the clinical vCJD cases have been predominantly recorded in young individuals (typical median age at onset of clinical disease ~26 years old) 18 . Pathogen induced alterations to GALT also have the potential to influence prion uptake and disease susceptibility. Oral prion disease is blocked in mice lacking these cells 22 , and exacerbated in mice with an increased M cell-density 22 .","[3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,3.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39378222543&p=1pl&v=1&x=jfJUiwsMZ45C94TbLKElNQ
10.1038/s41598-019-42900-9,Medicine_301,"The team observed that previous infection with a gut worm reduced this accumulation, hindering the ability of the prions to then spread to the brain where they cause damage to nerve cells.",The remaining mice in this group did not develop clinical prion disease up to at least 504 d after exposure.,"The study showed that in animals that had previously been infected with a gut worm, the spread of the prions to the brain was reduced, delaying the onset of disease. The team observed that previous infection with a gut worm reduced this accumulation, hindering the ability of the prions to then spread to the brain where they cause damage to nerve cells. ""We observed that the early accumulation of prions within Peyer's patches was reduced and survival times were significantly extended in individuals that had been infected by a gut worm.""","As expected, four of eight of the mice exposed to prions alone developed clinical disease with a mean survival time of 394 ± 14 d (median = 401 d; Fig. The remaining mice in this group did not develop clinical prion disease up to at least 504 d after exposure. The mice co-infected with prions on d 0, 1 and 14 after H. polygyrus infection also succumbed to clinical prion disease with similar survival times and disease incidences to those infected with prions alone (Fig.","[2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,2.75,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39378222543&p=1pl&v=1&x=jfJUiwsMZ45C94TbLKElNQ
10.1186/s40200-015-0176-8,Medicine_302,"The effect of parental support on obesity was above and beyond the effects of socioeconomic status, family structure (i.e., parents were divorced, single, etc.)",Maternal support is a modifiable factor that can be enhanced by interventions.,"Parental support, or lack thereof, did not impact young menaEUR(tm)s obesity. The effect of parental support on obesity was above and beyond the effects of socioeconomic status, family structure (i.e., parents were divorced, single, etc.) Some of the differences were based on ethnicity and culture, the researchers say.","The effect of public health programs and policies that enhance parental support among women may have different effects on the obesity of African American female adults than male adults. Maternal support is a modifiable factor that can be enhanced by interventions. Thus, maternal parenting should be considered as a target for interventions that wish to prevent or reduce obesity among African American women.","[1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/parental-support-may-protect-young-women-against-obesity/
10.1038/s41598-017-00193-w,Medicine_308,"""The identification and characterization of CD8 T cell epitopes in mice immunized with a Zika RNA vaccine is a very useful",No peptide other than IGVSNRDFV induced a detectible CD8 + T cell response ( Figure S2 ).,"They identified a sequence of eight amino acids that the activated T cells in the mouse respond to. Now that this sequence, also called an epitope, is known, other researchers can use it to test their own experimental Zika vaccines in the appropriate mouse models. ""The identification and characterization of CD8 T cell epitopes in mice immunized with a Zika RNA vaccine is a very useful","Incubation with the putative H-2K b -restricted peptide IAPAYSIRCIGV resulted in no activation. No peptide other than IGVSNRDFV induced a detectible CD8 + T cell response ( Figure S2 ). Given the threat of the ZIKV outbreak and likelihood of continuing transmission worldwide, accelerated vaccine development is critical.","[2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.0,news,http://news.mit.edu/2017/rna-nanoparticles-zika-vaccine-0329
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Medicine_316,"This was chiefly the contribution of Rachel Kadzik, a postdoctoral researcher in Petry's lab and a co-first-author on the paper who purified the g-TuRC and, with Thawani, purified the XMAP215.","This was surprising because XMAP215 and α β -tubulin directly interact in vitro 23, 24 .","Their team showed that the same phenomenon was seen in a test tube where g-TuRC generated microtubules together with XMAP215. This was chiefly the contribution of Rachel Kadzik, a postdoctoral researcher in Petry's lab and a co-first-author on the paper who purified the g-TuRC and, with Thawani, purified the XMAP215. Using the pure extractions of each protein, Petry's team was able to see that in a test tube, neither protein can nucleate microtubules without the other.","7a ). This was surprising because XMAP215 and α β -tubulin directly interact in vitro 23, 24 . We determined that XMAP215 and α β -tubulin interact in vitro using size-exclusion chromatography only under low-salt buffer 23,24 (75 mM NaCl; Supplementary Fig.","[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,2.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1073/pnas.1510501113,Medicine_317,"The researchers say their findings challenge traditional theoretical thinking on quantity discounts, particularly that such practices increase company profitability.",This practice stands in stark contrast to many of King's direct competitors and to many other producers of consumer goods.,"Data suggest some consumers who would have made small purchases were discouraged from doing so when faced with large quantity discounts. The researchers say their findings challenge traditional theoretical thinking on quantity discounts, particularly that such practices increase company profitability. The experiment came at essentially no cost to King, requiring a minimal number of employee hours to execute.","The price per bar is reduced by less than 10% for a purchase of 1,000 gold bars, the largest quantity offered. This practice stands in stark contrast to many of King's direct competitors and to many other producers of consumer goods. Note that although, in general, price discrimination is carried out by firms to maximize profit, it also may benefit consumers.","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.6,news,http://www.futurity.org/games-volume-discounts-1198822-2/
10.1126/sciadv.aat3276,Medicine_325,"""There are endless potential additives to choose from to tailor a membrane to the application of interest.""",This demonstration showed that liquid membranes can effectively prevent the passage of flying fruit flies ( Fig.,"This newly developed membrane does the same, but unlike conventional filters, this one does not distinguish objects by size. ""There are endless potential additives to choose from to tailor a membrane to the application of interest."" Looking ahead, the researchers envision any number of creative, real-world applications for the membrane.","In this example, micro-/nanoscopic particles and contaminates (for example, pollen), as well as certain slow-moving, disease-carrying insects (for example, mosquitoes and gnats) would not pass through the liquid membrane ( Fig. This demonstration showed that liquid membranes can effectively prevent the passage of flying fruit flies ( Fig. Potential applications II: Self-cleaning, nonfouling membrane for continuous particle separation In addition to the unique size selectivity of liquid membranes, their mobile liquid interface offers unique capabilities that cannot be readily accomplished by any conventional synthetic membranes, including inmembrane object maneuverability ( Fig.","[1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34899900893&p=1pl&v=1&x=VqiaLtHmETHBLKlWpaVEqw
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Medicine_338,"""The discovery of an interhemispheric bridge that affects the winter U.S. jet stream holds the promise of improved precipitation predictability and drought forecasts.""","Accordingly, NZI is associated with a dipole pattern along the west coast of the US, which is evident in both zonal winds of the upper atmosphere, as well as in precipitation amounts (see Supplementary Fig.","Mamalakis said the unexpected result was the discovery of persistent sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure patterns in the southwestern Pacific Ocean that exhibited a strong correlation with precipitation in Southern California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. ""The discovery of an interhemispheric bridge that affects the winter U.S. jet stream holds the promise of improved precipitation predictability and drought forecasts."" If you find our news sites informative and useful then please consider becoming a regular supporter or for now make a one off contribution.","In contrast, warm SSTs in the NZI region excite positive anomalies in the northwestern Pacific, deflecting the jet stream northward (at 45°-50°N), and leading to wet conditions over the northwestern US, and dry conditions in SWUS. Accordingly, NZI is associated with a dipole pattern along the west coast of the US, which is evident in both zonal winds of the upper atmosphere, as well as in precipitation amounts (see Supplementary Fig. 9 ).","[2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,2.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34341307833&p=1pl&v=1&x=fxMarrtr5l4msq81mlwaWg
10.1126/science.aal2729,Medicine_339,"Because of the standard candle nature of iPTF16geu, this is the first time this measurement could be made without any prior assumptions about the form of the lens or cosmological parameters.","The observations probe a physical scale of~1 kiloparsec, smaller than is typical in other studies of extragalactic gravitational lensing.","Using the data gathered, the team calculated the magnification power of the lens to be a factor of 52. Because of the standard candle nature of iPTF16geu, this is the first time this measurement could be made without any prior assumptions about the form of the lens or cosmological parameters. Not only does their discovery rely on a very particular and precise alignment of objects in the sky, but they are also only visible for a short time.","This phenomenon was identified because the light from the stellar explosion was magnified more than 50 times by the curvature of space around matter in an intervening galaxy. The observations probe a physical scale of~1 kiloparsec, smaller than is typical in other studies of extragalactic gravitational lensing. The large magnification and symmetric image configuration imply close alignment between the lines of sight to the supernova and to the lens.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,1.8,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/hubble-observes-first-multiple-images-of-explosive-distance-indicator/
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Medicine_344,"Published in Molecular Autism, the research reveals disruptions in the brain's circuitry involved in ToM at multiple levels compared to typical brain functioning.","Additionally, some of the areas of reduced activation in the ASD group for whole-brain analysis overlapped with regions from the HCP map.","An innovative brain imaging study has uncovered new evidence explaining why ToM deficiencies are present in ASD children. Published in Molecular Autism, the research reveals disruptions in the brain's circuitry involved in ToM at multiple levels compared to typical brain functioning. The findings provide valuable insight into understanding the functional makeup of a vital neural network that is critical for characterizing the social symptoms in individuals with ASD.","These findings of reduced activation in SFG/MPFC, TPJ, STS, and PCC are consistent with neuroimaging studies of ToM using these same animated stimuli in adults with ASD [ . Additionally, some of the areas of reduced activation in the ASD group for whole-brain analysis overlapped with regions from the HCP map. This was further confirmed as the HCP-based ROI analysis revealed findings similar to our whole-brain results.","[3.0, 1.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,3.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1098/rsos.171782,Medicine_353,"According to the team, this demonstrates that the first and fifth digits were not simply lost to evolution, but attached to their neighboring second and fourth digits.","Our proposed locations of the proximal metacarpals are confirmed by their carpal articulations, which are consistent with those of the pentadactyl Phenacodus.","Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints."" According to the team, this demonstrates that the first and fifth digits were not simply lost to evolution, but attached to their neighboring second and fourth digits. ""With a distinct surface from the metacarpal, we know the splints on today's horses to be the remnants of the second and fourth digits,"" Professor Solounias said.","The splint metacarpals, previously interpreted as reduced digits II and IV, also contain remnants of digits I and V compressed as ridges onto the ventral surface. Our proposed locations of the proximal metacarpals are confirmed by their carpal articulations, which are consistent with those of the pentadactyl Phenacodus. The tridactyl equid Mesohippus shares the ventral ridges on the side digit bones, many of which appear to have a distinct fusion line, and exhibits a lesser degree of digit reduction than previously thought.","[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.5,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1038/s41598-019-42900-9,Medicine_354,"Gut worms may hinder the spread of prions to the brain

A study of an infectious brain condition that destroys nerve cells helps to explain why some individuals may be at more risk than others.",These data are essential for the identification of important factors can that influence the risk of oral prion disease transmission and to help design effective intervention and control strategies.,"Gut worms may hinder the spread of prions to the brain

A study of an infectious brain condition that destroys nerve cells helps to explain why some individuals may be at more risk than others. The study shows how the progression of prion diseases to the brain is slowed if animals have previously been infected with a gut worm. The study showed that in animals that had previously been infected with a gut worm, the spread of the prions to the brain was reduced, delaying the onset of disease.","This parasite is an excellent model for the study of gastrointestinal helminth infections in livestock and humans 39 , being phylogenetically similar to the ruminant parasites Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta, and human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus 40 . These data are essential for the identification of important factors can that influence the risk of oral prion disease transmission and to help design effective intervention and control strategies. As anticipated, maximum egg production was observed by 18 days post-infection (dpi) with H. polygyrus and had declined by 32 dpi (Fig.","[2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39378222543&p=1pl&v=1&x=jfJUiwsMZ45C94TbLKElNQ
10.1098/rsos.171782,Medicine_362,"""While the horse's lineage is classically described as having evolved from four to three toes, and eventually one single toe, we show that its extinct ancestors exhibit the reduced toes both at the wrist and at the hoof,"" said co-author Melinda Danowitz, also from the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine.",Metacarpal IV articulates laterally with metacarpal V (one small facet) and proximally with the unciform (one large facet).,"""Interestingly, we not only find hints of the missing digits on the modern horse, but also its ancestors, such as Hipparion and Mesohippus, two species believed to have three toes,"" Professor Solounias said. ""While the horse's lineage is classically described as having evolved from four to three toes, and eventually one single toe, we show that its extinct ancestors exhibit the reduced toes both at the wrist and at the hoof,"" said co-author Melinda Danowitz, also from the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine. ""These findings show that today's horse is not truly monodactyl, and earlier ancestors were not in fact tridactyl or tetradactyl, that is, three-toed or four-toed.""","Metacarpal III articulates laterally with metacarpal IV, and proximally with the magnum (one large facet) and unciform (one small facet). Metacarpal IV articulates laterally with metacarpal V (one small facet) and proximally with the unciform (one large facet). Metacarpal V articulates proximally with the unciform (one large facet).","[2.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.6666666666666667,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1126/science.1245627,Medicine_384,"The X-ray crystallography study marked the first time that the imaging technique had been used to analyze Env, while both methods resolved the trimer structure to a finer level of detail than has been reported before, the authors of the two research papers said.","Both structures are, however, very different from a 6 Å structure recently reported for a detergent-solubilized, full-length but uncleaved trimer (49) .","Ward, along with Ian A. Wilson, Bridget Carragher and other colleagues from TSRI, as well as John Moore, Rogier W. Sanders and other experts from Weill Cornell, successfully managed to produce a version of the protein that can survive atomic-level imaging work while including all of the trimer structure that normally sits outside of the viral membrane. The X-ray crystallography study marked the first time that the imaging technique had been used to analyze Env, while both methods resolved the trimer structure to a finer level of detail than has been reported before, the authors of the two research papers said. ""The new data are consistent with the findings on Env subunits over the last 15 years, but also have enabled us to explain many prior observations about HIV in structural terms for the first time,"" explained Dr. Jean-Philippe Julien, a senior research associate in the Wilson's laboratory and first author of the X-ray crystallography study.","The 5.8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure presented here is similar to the x-ray structure of the same SOSIP.664 gp140 trimers in complex with bnAb PGT122 ( fig. Both structures are, however, very different from a 6 Å structure recently reported for a detergent-solubilized, full-length but uncleaved trimer (49) . Differences in the design of the Env trimers might contribute to some of these structural inconsistencies.","[2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.75,news,http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112991594/hiv-vaccine-one-step-closer-tripartite-hiv-envelope-protein-110113/
10.1038/nature13665,Medicine_385,"As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn.",In the simplified network represented in Fig.,"For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","A BCI offers advantages for studying learning because we can observe all of the neurons that directly control an action, and we can fully specify the mapping from neural activity to action. In the simplified network represented in Fig. 1b , neurons 1 and 3 positively co-modulate due to common input, whereas neurons 1 and 2 negatively co-modulate due to an indirect inhibitory connection.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Medicine_386,"'While this observation supports the significance of our findings, at the moment we don't know if annexin-A6 has any pro-metastatic activity in human breast cancer,' Professor De Palma added.",Both PTX and doxorubicin (DOX)-an anthracycline also used in breast cancer therapy 6 -increased the ability of perivascular TIE2,"They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. 'While this observation supports the significance of our findings, at the moment we don't know if annexin-A6 has any pro-metastatic activity in human breast cancer,' Professor De Palma added. The authors also stress their findings should not discourage people from receiving neoadjuvant chemo when it is needed.","N eoadjuvant chemotherapy provides long-term clinical benefits to patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, especially when the primary tumour fully regresses before surgery . Both PTX and doxorubicin (DOX)-an anthracycline also used in breast cancer therapy 6 -increased the ability of perivascular TIE2 PTX enhances pulmonary metastasis in mouse mammary tumour models.","[2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38145408578&p=1pl&v=1&x=hA8rmZwhWq3wBFkvbo6hLw
10.1186/s40200-015-0176-8,Medicine_389,"aEURoeFortunately, parental support is easy to improve at the community level, as several evidence-based interventions have proved to be effective,aEUR Assari said.","To conclude, higher maternal support at age 20 is predictive of less increase in BMI over the 3rd decade of life among African American females but not males.","Some of the differences were based on ethnicity and culture, the researchers say. aEURoeFortunately, parental support is easy to improve at the community level, as several evidence-based interventions have proved to be effective,aEUR Assari said. The bigger concern, however, is addressing policies that influence the way a mother who lives in poverty parents, he says.","Thus the effect of parent on obesity of the offspring is beyond childhood and extends to young adults. To conclude, higher maternal support at age 20 is predictive of less increase in BMI over the 3rd decade of life among African American females but not males. Policies and practices that may enhance maternal support may contribute to prevention of obesity among African American women.","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.3333333333333333,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/parental-support-may-protect-young-women-against-obesity/
10.1186/2193-1801-3-693,Medicine_39,"At the other end of the range studied, the age of the top 1,000K runners remained unchanged; the leading women and men are an average age of 42 and 49, respectively.","In 1,000 km, most female runners were in age group 35-39 yrs, whereas most male runners were in age group 55-59 yrs.","Between 1977 and 2012, the age of the year's 10 fastest men decreased from 35 to 33. At the other end of the range studied, the age of the top 1,000K runners remained unchanged; the leading women and men are an average age of 42 and 49, respectively. The trend noted at the shorter end of the ultra spectrum has, if anything, accelerated since 2012, the last year the analysis included.","In 100 km and 200 km, most of the runners were recorded in the age group 45-49 yrs for both genders. In 1,000 km, most female runners were in age group 35-39 yrs, whereas most male runners were in age group 55-59 yrs. The athlete's ages of the ten fastest women ever were 40 ± 4 yrs (50 km), 34 ± 7 yrs (100 km), 42 ± 6 yrs (200 km), and 41 ± 5 yrs (1,000 km) (Figure 4 ).","[1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.25,news,http://www.runnersworld.com/races/top-runners-at-short-ultramarathons-are-getting-younger-faster?page=single
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Medicine_393,"""It was during this Cambrian period that many of the most familiar traits associated with this group of animals evolved, like a hard exoskeleton, jointed legs, and compound (multi-faceted) eyes that are shared by all arthropods.",These findings also directly answer a powerful argument for a lengthy Precambrian phylogenetic fuse.,"Their modelling showed that moderately accelerated evolution was sufficient to explain the seemingly sudden appearance of many groups of advanced animals in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion. ""It was during this Cambrian period that many of the most familiar traits associated with this group of animals evolved, like a hard exoskeleton, jointed legs, and compound (multi-faceted) eyes that are shared by all arthropods. We even find the first appearance in the fossil record of the antenna that insects, millipedes and lobsters all have, and the earliest biting jaws.""",The congruence of the morphological pattern with the molecular pattern suggests that the morphological pattern is biologically meaningful rather than artifactual. These findings also directly answer a powerful argument for a lengthy Precambrian phylogenetic fuse. One of the few Table S2 ).,"[4.0, 2.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,3.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/biologists-measure-evolution-s-big-bang
10.1371/journal.pone.0193399,Medicine_401,"For instance, more than one in three care home staff were rarely aware of a resident being taken outside of the home for their enjoyment, and 15% said activities were almost never planned around a resident's interests.","Many care home staff were never or almost never aware of a resident being taken out of the home for their enjoyment (34%, n = 520); or an activity planned around a resident's interests (5%, n = 234).","advertisement

Positive behaviours were reported to be much more common than abusive behaviours, however some positive but time-consuming behaviours were notably infrequent. For instance, more than one in three care home staff were rarely aware of a resident being taken outside of the home for their enjoyment, and 15% said activities were almost never planned around a resident's interests. v""Carers can't just be told that care should be person-centred -- they need to be given the support and training that will enable them to deliver it,"" she said.","Most staff reported positive care behaviours, but specific person-centred activities were sometimes infrequent. Many care home staff were never or almost never aware of a resident being taken out of the home for their enjoyment (34%, n = 520); or an activity planned around a resident's interests (5%, n = 234). 763 (5%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 47% to 54%) of care home staff reported carrying out or observing potentially abusive or neglectful behaviours at least sometimes in the preceding 3 months; some abuse was reported as happening ""at least sometimes"" in 9/92 care homes.","[3.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33617077814&p=1pl&v=1&x=ohjazzVxcRa1ao0LE5QCcQ
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.004,Medicine_406,"While the American Heart Association already classifies meditation as a preventative measure against inflammatory disorders, the new study could provide an explanation of the biological mechanisms behind such health benefits.",(H and I) HDAC2 and RIPK2 gene expression correlation with cortisol recovery after acute psychological stress.,"""Most interestingly, the changes were observed in genes that are the current targets of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs."" While the American Heart Association already classifies meditation as a preventative measure against inflammatory disorders, the new study could provide an explanation of the biological mechanisms behind such health benefits. ""Our findings set the foundation for future studies to further assess meditation strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions.""",(E) Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene expression (mean AE SE; *p < 0.05). (H and I) HDAC2 and RIPK2 gene expression correlation with cortisol recovery after acute psychological stress. that mindfulness meditation practice influences mechanisms similar to those targeted by different anti-inflammatory drugs such as HDACi or cyclooxygenase inhibitors.,"[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,1.8,news,http://www.medicaldaily.com/how-meditation-influences-gene-expression-suppresses-inflammation-could-mindfulness-training-improve
10.1021/cb5006454,Medicine_407,Two of these variants proved able to fend off SUDV in specially bred mice.,These antibodies represent strong immunotherapeutic candidates for treatment of SUDV infection.,"Needing a ""humanized"" version of their mouse antibody, the researchers realized that its molecular structure closely resembled the structure of a commonly used human antibody. Two of these variants proved able to fend off SUDV in specially bred mice. ""These two monoclonal antibodies represent potential candidates for treating SUDV infection,"" said Dr. Lai.","E10 and F4 were further shown to bind to the same epitope on GP as 16F6 with comparable affinities. These antibodies represent strong immunotherapeutic candidates for treatment of SUDV infection. 2 EBOV and SUDV are the most pathogenic among the ebolaviruses, and both have been associated with recurring outbreaks.","[4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,3.2,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/drug-shows-promise-against-sudan-strain-of-ebola-in-mice
10.1038/s41419-019-1494-4,Medicine_409,The rational modulation of T-cell senescence would be a promising avenue for the treatment or prevention of diabetes.,"These suggest that T-cell senescence-mediated reprogramming of metabolic pathways may be associated with development of diabetes and its complications, as well as other aging-related diseases.","We also found that T-cell senescence is associated with systemic inflammation and alters hepatic glucose homeostasis. The rational modulation of T-cell senescence would be a promising avenue for the treatment or prevention of diabetes. Post a comment; thoughtful, considered opinions are valued.","In addition, we demonstrated that these CD8 + CD28 − T cells reside within the liver and are more numerous in the liver of aged and HFD-fed mice. These suggest that T-cell senescence-mediated reprogramming of metabolic pathways may be associated with development of diabetes and its complications, as well as other aging-related diseases. • In conclusion, we identified a link between the numbers and secretion of effector molecules by senescent T cells, and blood glucose status, in humans and mice.","[5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,4.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38805659941&p=1pl&v=1&x=sNGdrQW1vpuCqZ-PzEHx5g
10.1073/pnas.1604032113,Medicine_416,"The present study demonstrates that peripheral IL-33 injection in AD mouse models alleviates AD-like pathology by enhancing microglial phagocytosis and degradation of Ab.""","IL-33 skews the microglia toward an alternative activation state with enhanced Aβ phagocytic capacity and elevated antiinflammatory gene expression, which results in a decreased proinflammatory response in the brain.","The injection of IL-33 rescues contextual memory deficits and reduces the deposition of b-amyloid peptide (Ab) in the transgenic mouse model, suggesting that IL-33 can be developed as a new therapeutic intervention for AD. The present study demonstrates that peripheral IL-33 injection in AD mouse models alleviates AD-like pathology by enhancing microglial phagocytosis and degradation of Ab."" ""We believe that IL-33 is a critical factor in maintaining a healthy brain,"" Prof Ip said.","Although impaired IL-33/ST2 signaling is associated with early progression of AD, IL-33 injection rescues contextual memory deficits and reduces the accumulation of β-amyloid in APP/PS1 mice. IL-33 skews the microglia toward an alternative activation state with enhanced Aβ phagocytic capacity and elevated antiinflammatory gene expression, which results in a decreased proinflammatory response in the brain. Thus, this study suggests that IL-33 can be developed as a new therapeutic intervention for AD.","[4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,3.4,news,http://www.science20.com/news_articles/il33_ameliorates_alzheimerslike_pathology_and_cognitive_decline-174109
10.1098/rspb.2016.0376,Medicine_424,"By their juvenile years, monkeys became more flexible in their gaze-following and became habituated to repeated gazes over time.","The youngest monkey in our sample that followed gaze was 5.5 months old, indicating the capacity to follow gaze was present during the second half of the first year of life and the tendency to do so increased through the infant period (figure 2a).","However, they tended to take more looks than human babies do to find out what the researcher was looking at, even after three or four glances revealed nothing of interest. By their juvenile years, monkeys became more flexible in their gaze-following and became habituated to repeated gazes over time. During adulthood, monkeys' responses were more varied, and they began showing human-like sex differences, with females responding to gazes more than males.","Infants (n ¼ 47, 25 females, 22 males) did not show habituation or sex differences in responses, but model fit was improved by including age (x 2 1 ¼ 17.89, p , 0.001). The youngest monkey in our sample that followed gaze was 5.5 months old, indicating the capacity to follow gaze was present during the second half of the first year of life and the tendency to do so increased through the infant period (figure 2a). In juveniles (n ¼ 149, 79 females, 70 males), the inclusion of only trial number improved model fit (x 2 1 ¼ 15.14, p , 0.001).","[2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.2,news,http://www.futurity.org/monkeys-gaze-socialization-learning-1160742/
10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1123,Medicine_429,"The results showed that both elevated brain amyloid levels and higher vascular risk, as measured upon study enrollment, were associated with more rapid cognitive decline, with the most rapid changes seen in participants with elevations in both factors.","Vascular risk maintained a strong association with cognitive decline beyond that of commonly used imaging biomarkers, including β-amyloid, hippocampal volume, fludeoxyglucose F18-labeled positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities.","Measures of vascular risk also may be able to complement existing biomarkers in identifying people at the greatest risk of cognitive decline."" The results showed that both elevated brain amyloid levels and higher vascular risk, as measured upon study enrollment, were associated with more rapid cognitive decline, with the most rapid changes seen in participants with elevations in both factors. The extent of the interaction between the two measures suggested a synergistic, rather than simply an additive effect.","Findings In this study, Framingham and other vascular risk algorithms were associated with longitudinal cognitive decline, both alone and synergistically with β-amyloid burden. Vascular risk maintained a strong association with cognitive decline beyond that of commonly used imaging biomarkers, including β-amyloid, hippocampal volume, fludeoxyglucose F18-labeled positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities. Meaning Vascular risk may complement other imaging biomarkers in assessing risk of cognitive decline in older adults with preclinical Alzheimer disease.","[5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,4.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34109297262&p=1pl&v=1&x=2RofDBs7IOv2PnIW8yUZNg
10.1038/s41591-018-0035-5,Medicine_439,"""These findings highlight a critical role for excess prenatal AMH exposure and subsequent aberrant GnRH receptor signaling in the neuroendocrine dysfunctions of PCOS, while offering a new potential therapeutic avenue to treat the condition during adulthood,"" the researchers wrote.","The very low progesterone and E2 levels detected in AMH-treated pregnant mice, most likely due to compromised placental function, could explain the higher incidence of aborted embryos observed in these animals as compared to controls (Supplementary Fig.","""These findings highlight a critical role for excess prenatal AMH exposure and subsequent aberrant GnRH receptor signaling in the neuroendocrine dysfunctions of PCOS, while offering a new potential therapeutic avenue to treat the condition during adulthood,"" the researchers wrote. Pregnant mice received high levels of AMH, and researchers found they developed symptoms of PCOS, including irregular menstruation, fertility issues and late puberty. These excess levels of AMH spurred brain cells in the fetus to produce too much testosterone.","These findings are in line with clinical investigations, which have identified lower placental aromatase activity in women with PCOS ; this might be partly attributable to elevated levels of circulating AMH. The very low progesterone and E2 levels detected in AMH-treated pregnant mice, most likely due to compromised placental function, could explain the higher incidence of aborted embryos observed in these animals as compared to controls (Supplementary Fig. 8 ).","[3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34058355320&p=1pl&v=1&x=4gStHQrH1-EJ24XeJLc-2g
10.1073/pnas.1818400116,Medicine_449,"The study published in the journal for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences provides critical insights on the factors that control changes in the biodiversity of soil bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates over many millennia.","In lower-productivity ecosystems (i.e., drier and colder), increases in belowground biodiversity tracked increases in plant cover.","The study published in the journal for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences provides critical insights on the factors that control changes in the biodiversity of soil bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates over many millennia. The findings indicate that these changes in soil biodiversity are driven by changes in plant cover and soil acidification during ecosystem development. ""This research provides a new framework for understanding soil and ecosystem biodiversity, which is fundamental to maintaining our global biosphere and managing for future global change"" said Mark A. Williams, an associate professor in the School of Plant and Environmental Sciences in the Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.","Changes in belowground biodiversity during pedogenesis followed two main patterns. In lower-productivity ecosystems (i.e., drier and colder), increases in belowground biodiversity tracked increases in plant cover. In more productive ecosystems (i.e., wetter and warmer), increased acidification during pedogenesis was associated with declines in belowground biodiversity.","[4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38866117710&p=1pl&v=1&x=cRbpulWkah1Oro1gzFva2w
10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.033,Medicine_452,"About 43 percent reported spending between one and two hours per day on meal preparation, while 41 percent said they spent more than two hours a day on it.",Approximately 43% of those who spent o1 hour/day on food preparation visited quick-service restaurants once per week or more compared to just over 30% of those who spent Z2 hours/day.,"About 16 percent of participants said they spent less than one hour a day on meal preparation. About 43 percent reported spending between one and two hours per day on meal preparation, while 41 percent said they spent more than two hours a day on it. Employment outside the home was associated with fewer hours spent preparing meals.","Table 3 shows that the crude percentage of each time-use group visiting full-service restaurants at least once per week did not differ across groups, but visits to quick-service (i.e., fast food restaurants) appeared to differ systematically. Approximately 43% of those who spent o1 hour/day on food preparation visited quick-service restaurants once per week or more compared to just over 30% of those who spent Z2 hours/day. On multivariable analysis, those who spent o1 hour/day on meal-related activities were about 1.8 times more likely to visit quick-service restaurants once per week or more compared to those who spent the most time on food preparation.","[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.4,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141107134919.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/s41598-019-44324-x,Medicine_457,"It turns out that, yes, a lot of cat behavioral traits are likely heritable through breed.","Based on our results, the low tendency to seek human contact correlates with low activity level and long hair, whereas in dogs, low levels of attachment is seen in ancient breeds 19 .","Lastly, Cluster 4, which comprised solely Turkish Van and Angora cats, displayed the most aggression overall. It turns out that, yes, a lot of cat behavioral traits are likely heritable through breed. The highest genetic correlation estimates were largely found among the traits that make up personality factors, like whether or not a cat is shy towards strangers or novel objects and how aggressive they are both to strangers and to their own humans.","Thus, when preferring calm and inactive cats in breeding, Ragdoll breeders may unintentionally favour cats seeking little contact to people. Based on our results, the low tendency to seek human contact correlates with low activity level and long hair, whereas in dogs, low levels of attachment is seen in ancient breeds 19 . The genetic correlation estimates of the Ragdoll breed indicate that the low level of contact in these longhaired cats may be a by-product of selection for low activity level to ease handling (especially brushing).","[2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,2.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39507392133&p=1pl&v=1&x=_sa_Yo8hUb7VDLfnzwtD_w
10.1098/rspb.2004.2888,Medicine_490,"""It's a great study,"" says Brennan, ""but it's hard to predict how representative ostracods may be of larger [animals] that reproduce much more slowly and in smaller numbers.""","We also found no evidence that body size itself was related to the proportion of a genus that is threatened (n ¼ 296, b ¼ 0:083^0:052, t ¼ 1:609, p ¼ 0:844; figure 1b).","If you're investing in reproduction, you're not investing in coping with a changing environment."" ""It's a great study,"" says Brennan, ""but it's hard to predict how representative ostracods may be of larger [animals] that reproduce much more slowly and in smaller numbers."" ""There may not be a singular rule.","Including body size as a covariate in this analysis did not change this result qualitatively (n ¼ 296, F ¼ 3:943, p ¼ 0:126). We also found no evidence that body size itself was related to the proportion of a genus that is threatened (n ¼ 296, b ¼ 0:083^0:052, t ¼ 1:609, p ¼ 0:844; figure 1b). (ii) Residual testes size Again, we found no evidence that the proportion of a genus threatened was related to the mean residual testes size of that genus when either excluding (n ¼ 126, b ¼ 0:285^0:155, t ¼ 1:841, p ¼ 0:109; figure 1c) or including body size as a covariate (n ¼ 126, F ¼ 1:640, p ¼ 0:485).","[4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,2.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33777046694&p=1pl&v=1&x=4_aE8NevKfhXK8VMgwhEBA
10.1098/rspb.2013.2582,Medicine_5,"Compared to wild moths, domesticated silkmoths seem to have less ability to smell environmental odours with their antennae and to locate host plants due to several millennia in captivity.","Taken together, our results suggest that domesticated silkmoths have a reduced sensitivity towards environmental odorants, possibly as a result of the absence of selection pressures during domestication.","These patterns were highly variable among individuals of domesticated silkmoths but were largely constant in their wild ancestor group as well as in four other insect species. Compared to wild moths, domesticated silkmoths seem to have less ability to smell environmental odours with their antennae and to locate host plants due to several millennia in captivity. On the other side, perception of the female-produced attractant bombykol in Bombyx mori males is unabated, although it is not necessary anymore to find the females, as they are presented to the males by the breeders.","A comparable decrease in the number of long trichoids is described for oriental fruit moth males after rearing the moths in the laboratory for only 20 years , indicating that in B. mori the loss of these sensilla might have also happened early in the course of domestication. Taken together, our results suggest that domesticated silkmoths have a reduced sensitivity towards environmental odorants, possibly as a result of the absence of selection pressures during domestication. A significant contribution of the Z chromosome to the observed domestication effect in females, however, seems unlikely because mother-mori hybrid females exhibited a 'domesticated' odour response profile even though they possess a 'wild' Z chromosome.","[5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 3.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.6,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131121103838.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1080/17588928.2010.527434,Medicine_502,"Introverts tended to report feeling less competent and more 'socially excluded"" when they were solo.",Both Mid-and High Extraversion groups were characterized by equal number of males and females (pairwise comparison p = .46).,"Students who scored high on ratings for introversion didn't show any more enjoyment about their alone time than people who were extroverted. Introverts tended to report feeling less competent and more 'socially excluded"" when they were solo. Some introverts reported that they didn't have many negative thoughts when they were sitting alone, but others did.","To quantify these observable differences, the P300 amplitude values were first derived by applying the ** The 3 groups did not differ on age, F (2,27) = 1.02, p = .38; however, as expected based on the NEO-PI manual and norms, the Low Extraversion group included significantly more females than the Mid-and High Extraversion groups (F (2,27) = 5.22, p = .01; pairwise comparison ps = .01). Both Mid-and High Extraversion groups were characterized by equal number of males and females (pairwise comparison p = .46). There was no difference between the groups with respect to the reaction times (RT) to either faces (F (2,27) = 1.54, p = .23) or flowers (F (2,27) = 2.01, p = .15).","[1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.8,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37149034426&p=1pl&v=1&x=e60S7t08qA5Cu6OHBxSwbQ
10.1080/08897077.2014.883344,Medicine_51,"The report, published online by Substance Abuse, is the first study to compare brand-specific consumption of alcohol between underage youth and adults.",There were no substantial differences by region (p=0.11).,"Youth are not merely mimicking the alcohol brand choices of adults, suggesting that other factors may influence their drinking preferences. The report, published online by Substance Abuse, is the first study to compare brand-specific consumption of alcohol between underage youth and adults. The researchers identified several brands that appear to be disproportionally consumed by youth, including Keystone Light beer, Bacardi malt beverages, Malibu rum, Captain Morgan rum and Smirnoff malt beverages.","Non-respondents were more likely to be Black (p<0.0001), to come from lower income households (p<0.01), and not to have internet access (p<0.0001). There were no substantial differences by region (p=0.11). Therefore, despite our use of analytic weighting, it is possible that our youth brand preference estimates do not fully represent the brand choices of Black and lower income youth, an issue that might further affect the comparability of our youth and adult brand consumption estimates.","[1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.6666666666666667,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140320111742.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1177/0956797615569580,Medicine_526,"""And if that's the case, then we need to consider that our social network is a biased sample.""",.04,"Introverts and extraverts alike believe their friends have more friends than they do, without considering the relative perceptions of the other group. ""And if that's the case, then we need to consider that our social network is a biased sample."" People that use Facebook more often don't just use the site as an outlet for sadness; the site actually promotes new feelings.",.09 .04 .11,"[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.medicaldaily.com/extraversion-lies-you-how-only-1-population-has-normal-view-world-328230
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2309,Medicine_544,"""One of the main advantages of cannabidiol is that it is safe and seems to be very well tolerated, making it in some ways an ideal treatment.","As expected and in line with data from previous neuroimaging comparisons of participants at CHR of psychosis with controls, 52-54 we found that under placebo conditions, participants at CHR showed differential activation relative to controls in several regions.","""There is an urgent need for a safe treatment for young people at risk of psychosis,"" says Dr Bhattacharyya. ""One of the main advantages of cannabidiol is that it is safe and seems to be very well tolerated, making it in some ways an ideal treatment. If successful, this trial will provide definitive proof of cannabidiol's role as an antipsychotic treatment and pave the way for use in the clinic.""","Across all participants, the total recall score was directly correlated with the level of left parahippocampal activation during recall (r = 0.28; P = .046) (eResults in Supplement 2). As expected and in line with data from previous neuroimaging comparisons of participants at CHR of psychosis with controls, 52-54 we found that under placebo conditions, participants at CHR showed differential activation relative to controls in several regions. These regions of differential response included the 3 areas thought to be critical to the pathophysiology of the CHR state: the striatum (during verbal encoding) and the MTL and midbrain (during verbal recall).","[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.6,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/TshiL80LjHI/
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.020,Medicine_550,"Each participant in this round represents potential future strategic opportunities for the company as we move toward commercialization,"" said Steven Verdooner, NeuroVision CEO.","For instance, plaques detected in age-related macular degeneration are locally restricted to retinal pigment epithelium within drusen and appear smaller in size .","""We're very pleased to announce this new round of financing and the confidence it represents from organizations dedicated to the development of innovative health care tools and solutions. Each participant in this round represents potential future strategic opportunities for the company as we move toward commercialization,"" said Steven Verdooner, NeuroVision CEO. ""NeuroVision's groundbreaking technology provides for the important possibility of detecting neurodegenerative diseases earlier through the discovery of symptoms in the eyes,"" said Steve Baker, president of Eyefinity.","Moreover, based on their unique size, signature and distribution within the retinas, Aβ plaques observed in AD patients could be eventually used for differential diagnosis. For instance, plaques detected in age-related macular degeneration are locally restricted to retinal pigment epithelium within drusen and appear smaller in size . In glaucoma, NFL and GCL are altered, and increased intracellular expression of Aβ was found in RGCs in a rat model , but no Aβ plaques were detected in glaucoma patients or animal models.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33945860783&p=1pl&v=1&x=sJlofN2Cu7R7wQ5j7Ajg1Q
10.1038/s41746-018-0035-3,Medicine_557,The game helps families and researchers track children's improvement at identifying emotions.,"EGG scores also increased by an average 9.55 correct responses (F(1,10) = 11.89, p = <.01).","""They don't pick those things up without focused treatment,"" Wall said. The game helps families and researchers track children's improvement at identifying emotions. Good reviews from families

Families told the researchers that the system was engaging, useful and fun.","A repeated-measures one-way ANOVA demonstrated a decrease in SRS-2 total scores by an average 7.14 points (F(1,13) = 33.20, p = <.001, higher scores indicate higher ASD severity). EGG scores also increased by an average 9.55 correct responses (F(1,10) = 11.89, p = <.01). Parents reported increased eye contact and greater social acuity.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,1.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34705763481&p=1pl&v=1&x=V7Exk-wDsosexQkSiLeYaA
10.1080/08959285.2015.1021049,Medicine_563,"That seems to continue in today's workplaces.""","Methodologically, the flexibility that was offered by the close interest demonstrated by the firefighters permitted the first author to ask a wide range of questions for understanding workplace eating in broader organizational contexts.","""Eating together is a more intimate act than looking over an Excel spreadsheet together. That seems to continue in today's workplaces."" Given the findings, organizations would do better to consider their expenditures on cafeterias as investments in employee performance, Kniffin says.","The exceptional case of the veteran vegetarian firefighter who joins in collective eating-with his own food-presents a strong illustration of the role of commensality within firehouses. Methodologically, the flexibility that was offered by the close interest demonstrated by the firefighters permitted the first author to ask a wide range of questions for understanding workplace eating in broader organizational contexts. More specifically, the first author stated in several of the interviews that a goal of the ethnographic visits involved ""asking all kinds of questions to figure out the right questions to ask"" in the department-wide questionnaire.","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.4,news,http://www.futurity.org/firefighters-meals-coworkers-1056202-2/
10.1126/scitranslmed.aau0713,Medicine_565,"He called the study ""fascinating.""",The analysis revealed a treatment-related metabolic network that accounted for 1.9% of the subject × region variance in the time course data (Fig.,"But based on the new findings, that's not the case. He called the study ""fascinating."" ""It showed that GAD gene therapy, unlike subthalamic nucleus DBS, did not change the expected Parkinson's disease brain network,"" Okun said.","Information on scan order is needed to specify the experimental design matrix used for OrT analysis of longitudinal imaging data . The analysis revealed a treatment-related metabolic network that accounted for 1.9% of the subject × region variance in the time course data (Fig. This AAV2-GAD-related covariance pattern, which we termed GADRP, was characterized by increased metabolism (Fig.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37826041792&p=1pl&v=1&x=_G-cLSKvOfJBjsvpaF2XhA
10.1002/cncr.30564,Medicine_57,Declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors occurred irrespective of tumor HPV status.,"Forty-eight percent believed that they would be less likely to get HNC if they had received the HPV vaccine, but 48% responded ""don't know.""",Investigators also found that abstinence from vaginal sex significantly increased from 10% at baseline to 34% at 6 months (P <.01) and abstinence from oral sex increased from 25% to 80% (P <.01). Declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors occurred irrespective of tumor HPV status. The findings ultimately suggest that a diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer can have significant negative effects on sexual behavior.,"Notably, 28% of partners perceived that they were higher risk for HNC, and 25% perceived that they were higher risk for HPV infection compared with other individuals their age. Forty-eight percent believed that they would be less likely to get HNC if they had received the HPV vaccine, but 48% responded ""don't know."" No statistically significant differences were observed between responses at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up time point.","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.2,news,http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/relationship-dynamics-affected-by-oral-scc-diagnosis/article/638134/
10.1111/jcpp.12224,Medicine_572,"It is something we need to account for when we're considering interventions for those who need help in math.""","Specifically, the pathway from the genetic factor (A2) and nonshared environment factor (E2) was only significant to reading comprehension (A = .87, E = .49), but not to MA (A = .","advertisement

""If you have these genetic risk factors for math anxiety and then you have negative experiences in math classes, it may make learning that much harder. It is something we need to account for when we're considering interventions for those who need help in math."" The study appears online in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and will be published in a future print edition.","Moreover, genetic and environmental variance in reading comprehension did not account for variance in MA. Specifically, the pathway from the genetic factor (A2) and nonshared environment factor (E2) was only significant to reading comprehension (A = .87, E = .49), but not to MA (A = . 13, E = .07).","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.5,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140317095843.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.017,Medicine_577,"Researchers saw that the more the person shivered, the more irisin the body released.","MS analysis identified a unique peptide, mapped to the known sequence of irisin, only within the 32 kDa and 24 kDa bands ( Figure 1B) .","This means shaking from the cold or going for a jog could potentially create the same fat-busting opportunities. Researchers saw that the more the person shivered, the more irisin the body released. About 10 to 15 minutes of shivering released the same amount of irisin as riding a bike at a moderate pace for an hour.","Deglycosylation reduced the size of a 32 kDa band to 24 kDa, corresponding to reported molecular weights (MWs) of glycosylated and deglycosylated irisin, respectively ( Figure 1A ) . MS analysis identified a unique peptide, mapped to the known sequence of irisin, only within the 32 kDa and 24 kDa bands ( Figure 1B) . These results thus validated immunoblot identification of circulating irisin in humans.","[2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,2.4,news,http://www.cbsnews.com/news/shivering-in-the-cold-may-lead-to-weight-loss/
10.1073/pnas.1620674114,Medicine_61,"""The choice of crops we produce or the type of crops we eat has a much larger impact on overall insecticide use than do landscape characteristics such as crop diversity or cropland extent,"" Noack said.","In highly simplified agricultural regions that are dominated by one or a couple of crops, county-level cropland may serve as an appropriate metric for intensification.","Their research showed that while crop diversity reduced insecticide use, its impact was small in comparison to the differences in insecticide use between different crops. ""The choice of crops we produce or the type of crops we eat has a much larger impact on overall insecticide use than do landscape characteristics such as crop diversity or cropland extent,"" Noack said. As surrounding crop diversity increased, insecticide use fell by nearly 8 kilograms per hectare.","and is equivocal overall . In highly simplified agricultural regions that are dominated by one or a couple of crops, county-level cropland may serve as an appropriate metric for intensification. Further, cropland extent may act on both local (field size) and landscape (landscape composition) scales.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.5,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/sKVa_xUCqYQ/
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Medicine_81,"Mamalakis said the unexpected result was the discovery of persistent sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure patterns in the southwestern Pacific Ocean that exhibited a strong correlation with precipitation in Southern California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah.","The emergence of a persistent correlation pattern in the southwestern Pacific (coined as the New Zealand Index, NZI) is robust for both SST and GPH; g the location and areal extent of NZI and Niño 3.4; h The selected climate divisions in SWUS (in color), for deriving the regionally averaged precipitation amount, based on their significant correlation with Niño 3.4 sponded to neutral ENSO conditions 28 .","""Our research also shows an amplification of this newly discovered teleconnection over the past four decades."" Mamalakis said the unexpected result was the discovery of persistent sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure patterns in the southwestern Pacific Ocean that exhibited a strong correlation with precipitation in Southern California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. ""The discovery of an interhemispheric bridge that affects the winter U.S. jet stream holds the promise of improved precipitation predictability and drought forecasts.""","Our work highlights the need to understand the dynamic nature of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in a changing climate for improving future predictions of regional precipitation. The emergence of a persistent correlation pattern in the southwestern Pacific (coined as the New Zealand Index, NZI) is robust for both SST and GPH; g the location and areal extent of NZI and Niño 3.4; h The selected climate divisions in SWUS (in color), for deriving the regionally averaged precipitation amount, based on their significant correlation with Niño 3.4 sponded to neutral ENSO conditions 28 . More generally, ENSO as well as other climate modes (e.g., PDO, AMO) exhibit weak statistical relationships with precipitation amounts, and even lower predictability as lead time increases 28 .","[3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34295171134&p=1pl&v=1&x=duDpZ330KoyFeeoO5SI9gQ
10.1002/cncr.30564,Medicine_92,Declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors occurred irrespective of tumor HPV status.,"Awareness of this link between sexual behavior, oral HPV infection, and cancer may cause concern for patients who have HPV-positive OSCC and their partners.",Investigators also found that abstinence from vaginal sex significantly increased from 10% at baseline to 34% at 6 months (P <.01) and abstinence from oral sex increased from 25% to 80% (P <.01). Declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors occurred irrespective of tumor HPV status. The findings ultimately suggest that a diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer can have significant negative effects on sexual behavior.,"Performing oral sex increases the risk of oral HPV infection, and the risk increases with the number of partners. Awareness of this link between sexual behavior, oral HPV infection, and cancer may cause concern for patients who have HPV-positive OSCC and their partners. Strong associations are observed between sexual behavior, oral HPV infection, and oropharyngeal cancer.","[4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.75,news,http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/relationship-dynamics-affected-by-oral-scc-diagnosis/article/638134/
10.1073/pnas.1620674114,Medicine_tweet_103,'Insecticide use increases with increasing field size' ,"Surprisingly, the crops for which diversity had little effect on insecticides were also the crops for which surrounding cropland extent led to an increase in insecticides.",'Insecticide use increases with increasing field size' ,"For oranges and wine grapes, the diversity relationship was negative, but not statistically significant, and less than 2 kg/ha in magnitude, and for carrots, the relationship was near zero. Surprisingly, the crops for which diversity had little effect on insecticides were also the crops for which surrounding cropland extent led to an increase in insecticides. Here, wine grapes and oranges were the only crops with nearly significant (P = 0.06 and P = 0.11, respectively) increases in insecticides as a result of increasing cropland extent (recall that with individual crop analyses, statistical power is substantially reduced relative to the all-crop model).","[2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.6,tweets,866239917021474816
10.1007/s10508-015-0546-9,Medicine_tweet_106,"Predictors of Current PTSD, Mood Disorders Substance Use &amp; Sexual Risk Behavior Among Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men
","It is interesting within this syndemic framework to note that from a consideration of CSA alone, relationships to major psychological,substance use, and sexual health impairments emerge, without reference to other developmental challenges and independent of adult PTSD (which was covaried in these analyses).","Predictors of Current PTSD, Mood Disorders Substance Use &amp; Sexual Risk Behavior Among Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men
","Our findings,that characteristics (i.e., complexities) of CSA are strongly related to increased odds of meeting diagnostic criteria for current PTSD in adulthood and relationships between these characteristics and impairment, independent of PTSD, allow us to suggest that CSA-related PTSD is one of the mechanisms of syndemic productionratherthanCSAitself.Moreaccurately,CSArepresents adevelopmentalvulnerabilityforgay,bisexual,andothermenwho have sex with men, which contributes to the mechanisms of syndemic production that may or may not include adult post-traumatic stress responses. It is interesting within this syndemic framework to note that from a consideration of CSA alone, relationships to major psychological,substance use, and sexual health impairments emerge, without reference to other developmental challenges and independent of adult PTSD (which was covaried in these analyses). These findings underscore the enduring, damaging, and often devastating effects, across multiple areas of adult functioning, of sexual trauma perpetrated on gay and bisexual young boys and emerging adolescents.","[2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.0,tweets,620391094476492804
10.1002/cncr.30564,Medicine_tweet_13,"Diagnosis and treatment of #oralcancer are assoc w/ changes in sexual behavior, regardless of tumor #HPV status  ","Significant declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors were reported at follow-up, regardless of tumor HPV status.","Diagnosis and treatment of #oralcancer are assoc w/ changes in sexual behavior, regardless of tumor #HPV status  ","Concern over sexual, but not nonsexual, HPV transmission to partners was reported by 50%. Significant declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors were reported at follow-up, regardless of tumor HPV status. From baseline to 6 months, significant increases in abstinence from vaginal sex (from 10% to 34%; P <.01) and oral sex (from 25% to 80%; P <.01) were reported.","[5.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,5.0,tweets,834783376150249472
10.1111/jth.13811,Medicine_tweet_153,"SPINART 3 year randomised study Tertiary Prophy vs On demand in adults with #haemophilia. With prophy 94% less bleeds. 1/3 no bleeds at all, 3/4 &lt;2 bleeds per year. Higher quality of life. No change in MRI - bony changes are irreversible.  #hemophilia","Conclusions: Over a period of 3 years, prophylaxis versus OD in adults with severe hemophilia A and arthropathy led to decreased bleeding, pain, and HRU, better joint health, activity, satisfaction, and HRQoL, but no reduction in structural arthropathy progression, suggesting that preexisting joint arthropathy may be irreversible.","SPINART 3 year randomised study Tertiary Prophy vs On demand in adults with #haemophilia. With prophy 94% less bleeds. 1/3 no bleeds at all, 3/4 &lt;2 bleeds per year. Higher quality of life. No change in MRI - bony changes are irreversible.  #hemophilia","• Prophylaxis improved function, quality of life, activity and pain but not joint structure by MRI. Conclusions: Over a period of 3 years, prophylaxis versus OD in adults with severe hemophilia A and arthropathy led to decreased bleeding, pain, and HRU, better joint health, activity, satisfaction, and HRQoL, but no reduction in structural arthropathy progression, suggesting that preexisting joint arthropathy may be irreversible. • Prophylaxis improved function, quality of life, activity and pain but not joint structure by MRI.","[3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,3.5,tweets,939058643814756352
10.1073/pnas.1800182115,Medicine_tweet_173,"Researchers at Penn State have identified the major steps in the process used by plant cells to create cellulose:  CSI1 interacts with the exocyst complex, which is involved in transporting materials to the plasma membrane &amp; protein called PATROL1 #plantsci ","Therefore, delivery of CSCs to discrete sites at the plasma membrane is critical for cellulose synthesis.","Researchers at Penn State have identified the major steps in the process used by plant cells to create cellulose:  CSI1 interacts with the exocyst complex, which is involved in transporting materials to the plasma membrane &amp; protein called PATROL1 #plantsci ","Therefore, delivery of CSCs to discrete sites at the plasma membrane is critical for cellulose synthesis. We propose that CSI1 plays a role in marking the docking site, which allows CSCs-containing vesicles access to the plasma membrane through its interaction with microtubules. PATROL1 assists in exocytosis by its interaction with multiple components, including CSI1, CSCs, and exocyst subunits.","[1.0, 1.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.0,tweets,979408102905860097
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_tweet_188,Duration of Oral Anticoagulation After PE 18 meses mas warfarinavs lacebo  @username @username  @username,"However, this benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued.",Duration of Oral Anticoagulation After PE 18 meses mas warfarinavs lacebo  @username @username  @username,"This result was driven by a reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, the risk of bleeding increasing to a minimal extent. However, this benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued. Consistently with previous studies [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] 23, 24 evaluating substantially prolonged anticoagulation for secondary prophylaxis after a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism, we observed a high absolute rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism in the placebo group during the 18-month treatment period, with a hazard ratio of 0.15 for risk of such events with warfarin.","[1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.75,tweets,618511094936653825
10.1080/08897077.2014.883344,Medicine_tweet_191,New U.S. research has compared alcohol brand choices between underage youth (those under 21) &amp; adults:  @username,"Therefore, despite our use of analytic weighting, it is possible that our youth brand preference estimates do not fully represent the brand choices of Black and lower income youth, an issue that might further affect the comparability of our youth and adult brand consumption estimates.",New U.S. research has compared alcohol brand choices between underage youth (those under 21) &amp; adults:  @username,"There were no substantial differences by region (p=0.11). Therefore, despite our use of analytic weighting, it is possible that our youth brand preference estimates do not fully represent the brand choices of Black and lower income youth, an issue that might further affect the comparability of our youth and adult brand consumption estimates. Finally, it is possible that respondents either exaggerated or underreported their drinking behavior, though it should be pointed out that research long ago established the validity of substance use surveys completed under conditions of anonymity.","[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.0,tweets,449017211839979521
10.1073/pnas.1604032113,Medicine_tweet_196,"IL-33 vs AD: ""...distance between laboratory findings and clinical applications"" #OpenAccess  ","IL-33 skews the microglia toward an alternative activation state with enhanced Aβ phagocytic capacity and elevated antiinflammatory gene expression, which results in a decreased proinflammatory response in the brain.","IL-33 vs AD: ""...distance between laboratory findings and clinical applications"" #OpenAccess  ","Although impaired IL-33/ST2 signaling is associated with early progression of AD, IL-33 injection rescues contextual memory deficits and reduces the accumulation of β-amyloid in APP/PS1 mice. IL-33 skews the microglia toward an alternative activation state with enhanced Aβ phagocytic capacity and elevated antiinflammatory gene expression, which results in a decreased proinflammatory response in the brain. Thus, this study suggests that IL-33 can be developed as a new therapeutic intervention for AD.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.2,tweets,722246407827124225
10.1073/pnas.1510501113,Medicine_tweet_197,Quantity discounts on a virtual good: The results of a massive pricing experiment  ,"Relative to the standard discount treatment, the progressively deeper discounts drive quantity increases of 6.7%, 11.2%, and 44.9%, respectively.",Quantity discounts on a virtual good: The results of a massive pricing experiment  ,"The small differences in revenue across treatments disguise significant impacts on quantities purchased. Relative to the standard discount treatment, the progressively deeper discounts drive quantity increases of 6.7%, 11.2%, and 44.9%, respectively. (Consumers who respond to the discounts by buying larger quantities use the items they purchase quickly rather than saving them, even though the items are storable.)","[4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.6,tweets,750914909437702144
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.020,Medicine_tweet_199,ID of Amyloid Plaques in Retinas of AD patients and Noninvasive In Vivo Imaging of Retinal Plaques in Mouse Model ,"For instance, plaques detected in age-related macular degeneration are locally restricted to retinal pigment epithelium within drusen and appear smaller in size .",ID of Amyloid Plaques in Retinas of AD patients and Noninvasive In Vivo Imaging of Retinal Plaques in Mouse Model ,"Moreover, based on their unique size, signature and distribution within the retinas, Aβ plaques observed in AD patients could be eventually used for differential diagnosis. For instance, plaques detected in age-related macular degeneration are locally restricted to retinal pigment epithelium within drusen and appear smaller in size . In glaucoma, NFL and GCL are altered, and increased intracellular expression of Aβ was found in RGCs in a rat model , but no Aβ plaques were detected in glaucoma patients or animal models.","[3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.5,tweets,899537767016923136
10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0,Medicine_tweet_215,"Our paper on MEK inhibitors, Wnt signaling and stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer just got published @username Great collaboration with Matthias Ebert @username ","This finding indicates that GSK3B and MEK/ERK act on Wnt signalling by distinct mechanisms, which can be independently targeted by small molecules.","Our paper on MEK inhibitors, Wnt signaling and stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer just got published @username Great collaboration with Matthias Ebert @username ","Surprisingly, we also observed that APC truncations synergize with MEK and ERK inhibition to activate Wnt, while they completely abolish the stimulating effect of GSK3B inhibitors. This finding indicates that GSK3B and MEK/ERK act on Wnt signalling by distinct mechanisms, which can be independently targeted by small molecules. Although APC mutations remain the most important driver of Wnt signalling in CRC , many Wnt components can modulate the signal output in spite of APC truncations.","[4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.6,tweets,1129037792808456193
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_tweet_222,PE patients may derive more benefit from 24 months anticoagulation pharmacotherapy compared to the standard 6 months. ,"Whether these should include systematic treatment with vitamin K antagonists, new anticoagulants or aspirin, or be tailored according to patient risk factors (including elevated D-dimer levels) needs further investigation.",PE patients may derive more benefit from 24 months anticoagulation pharmacotherapy compared to the standard 6 months. ,"Our results suggest that patients such as those who participated in our study require longterm secondary prophylaxis measures. Whether these should include systematic treatment with vitamin K antagonists, new anticoagulants or aspirin, or be tailored according to patient risk factors (including elevated D-dimer levels) needs further investigation. Among patients with a first episode of unprovoked pulmonary embolism who received 6 months of anticoagulant treatment, an additional 18 months of treatment with warfarin reduced the composite outcome of recurrent venous thrombosis and major bleeding compared with placebo.","[2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,2.4,tweets,618493790244855808
10.1126/science.aal2729,Medicine_tweet_234,"The discovery of the multiply-imaged lensed Type Ia supernova iPTF16geu
","The observations probe a physical scale of~1 kiloparsec, smaller than is typical in other studies of extragalactic gravitational lensing.","The discovery of the multiply-imaged lensed Type Ia supernova iPTF16geu
","This phenomenon was identified because the light from the stellar explosion was magnified more than 50 times by the curvature of space around matter in an intervening galaxy. The observations probe a physical scale of~1 kiloparsec, smaller than is typical in other studies of extragalactic gravitational lensing. The large magnification and symmetric image configuration imply close alignment between the lines of sight to the supernova and to the lens.","[1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.6,tweets,793729127568277504
10.1371/journal.pone.0193399,Medicine_tweet_236,"Really interesting and comprehensive research into incidences of neglect in care homes by Claudia Cooper @username Also well done for the ""open access"" more academics should do the same:  Thoughtful discussion at the end","Many care home staff were never or almost never aware of a resident being taken out of the home for their enjoyment (34%, n = 520); or an activity planned around a resident's interests (5%, n = 234).","Really interesting and comprehensive research into incidences of neglect in care homes by Claudia Cooper @username Also well done for the ""open access"" more academics should do the same:  Thoughtful discussion at the end","Most staff reported positive care behaviours, but specific person-centred activities were sometimes infrequent. Many care home staff were never or almost never aware of a resident being taken out of the home for their enjoyment (34%, n = 520); or an activity planned around a resident's interests (5%, n = 234). 763 (5%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 47% to 54%) of care home staff reported carrying out or observing potentially abusive or neglectful behaviours at least sometimes in the preceding 3 months; some abuse was reported as happening ""at least sometimes"" in 9/92 care homes.","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.75,tweets,976732232831459328
10.1001/jama.2013.279201,Medicine_tweet_237,Adjuvant gemcitabine for 6 months linked to increased overall survival in patients with resected pancreatic #cancer ,"The median disease-free survival was 13.4 (95% CI, 11.6-15.3) months in the treatment group compared with 6.7 (95% CI, 6.0-7.5) months in the observation group (hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.44-0.69]; P < .001).",Adjuvant gemcitabine for 6 months linked to increased overall survival in patients with resected pancreatic #cancer ,"The median follow-up time was 136 months. The median disease-free survival was 13.4 (95% CI, 11.6-15.3) months in the treatment group compared with 6.7 (95% CI, 6.0-7.5) months in the observation group (hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.44-0.69]; P < .001). Patients randomized to adjuvant gemcitabine treatment had prolonged overall survival compared with those randomized to observation alone (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61-0.95]; P = .01), with 5-year overall survival of 20.7% (95% CI, 14.7%-26.6%) vs 10.4% (95% CI, 5.9%-15.0%), respectively, and 10-year overall survival of 12.2% (95% CI, 7.3%-17.2%) vs 7.7% (95% CI, 3.6%-11.8%).","[1.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.5,tweets,387986027958108160
10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.033,Medicine_tweet_241,Time Spent on Home #food Prep &amp; Indicators of #healthy Eating  @username @username ,Approximately 43% of those who spent o1 hour/day on food preparation visited quick-service restaurants once per week or more compared to just over 30% of those who spent Z2 hours/day.,Time Spent on Home #food Prep &amp; Indicators of #healthy Eating  @username @username ,"Table 3 shows that the crude percentage of each time-use group visiting full-service restaurants at least once per week did not differ across groups, but visits to quick-service (i.e., fast food restaurants) appeared to differ systematically. Approximately 43% of those who spent o1 hour/day on food preparation visited quick-service restaurants once per week or more compared to just over 30% of those who spent Z2 hours/day. On multivariable analysis, those who spent o1 hour/day on meal-related activities were about 1.8 times more likely to visit quick-service restaurants once per week or more compared to those who spent the most time on food preparation.","[3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,3.0,tweets,517104603687845888
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2309,Medicine_tweet_242,"New paper out in JAMA Psychiatry, showing the effects of cannabidiol on brain function of people at high risk for psychosis.
","As expected and in line with data from previous neuroimaging comparisons of participants at CHR of psychosis with controls, 52-54 we found that under placebo conditions, participants at CHR showed differential activation relative to controls in several regions.","New paper out in JAMA Psychiatry, showing the effects of cannabidiol on brain function of people at high risk for psychosis.
","Across all participants, the total recall score was directly correlated with the level of left parahippocampal activation during recall (r = 0.28; P = .046) (eResults in Supplement 2). As expected and in line with data from previous neuroimaging comparisons of participants at CHR of psychosis with controls, 52-54 we found that under placebo conditions, participants at CHR showed differential activation relative to controls in several regions. These regions of differential response included the 3 areas thought to be critical to the pathophysiology of the CHR state: the striatum (during verbal encoding) and the MTL and midbrain (during verbal recall).","[2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.25,tweets,1034830748451332096
10.1186/2193-1801-3-693,Medicine_tweet_251,At what age do people hit their peak running speed? Interesting read on how #age affects #marathon performance: ,"The athlete's age of the ten fastest women was significantly different between 100 km and 200 km and between 100 km and 1,000 km (Table 2) .",At what age do people hit their peak running speed? Interesting read on how #age affects #marathon performance: ,"The athlete's ages of the ten fastest women ever were 40 ± 4 yrs (50 km), 34 ± 7 yrs (100 km), 42 ± 6 yrs (200 km), and 41 ± 5 yrs (1,000 km) (Figure 4 ). The athlete's age of the ten fastest women was significantly different between 100 km and 200 km and between 100 km and 1,000 km (Table 2) . No differences were found between the other race distances.","[3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,2.4,tweets,537767862698774529
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1488,Medicine_tweet_277,e-Cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking in Adolescents and Young Adults  ,"We further explore this sensitivity in eFigure 3, Panels C and D. As the probability of publishing the study with the largest standard error decreases from 100% to 40%, the estimated adjusted pooled odds ratio deceases from 3.57 (e 1.27 ) to 2.59 (e 0.95 ; eFigure 3, Panel C).",e-Cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking in Adolescents and Young Adults  ,"The contour plot (eFigure 3, Panel B) suggests that the estimated adjusted pooled odds ratio from the meta-analysis may be sensitive (i.e., varies between 0.7 and 1.25) to the range of ( 0 ,  1 ) values. We further explore this sensitivity in eFigure 3, Panels C and D. As the probability of publishing the study with the largest standard error decreases from 100% to 40%, the estimated adjusted pooled odds ratio deceases from 3.57 (e 1.27 ) to 2.59 (e 0.95 ; eFigure 3, Panel C). Notably, the confidence interval of the adjusted pooled odds ratio remains above 1 (i.e., confidence interval of log odds ratio remains above 0) across the range of probabilities of publishing the study with the largest standard error.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.0,tweets,879375751367151617
10.1126/science.1245627,Medicine_tweet_278,AM-News : Cryo-EM Structure of a Fully Glycosylated Soluble Cleaved HIV-1 ...: 2Department of Integrative... ,"Both structures are, however, very different from a 6 Å structure recently reported for a detergent-solubilized, full-length but uncleaved trimer (49) .",AM-News : Cryo-EM Structure of a Fully Glycosylated Soluble Cleaved HIV-1 ...: 2Department of Integrative... ,"The 5.8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure presented here is similar to the x-ray structure of the same SOSIP.664 gp140 trimers in complex with bnAb PGT122 ( fig. Both structures are, however, very different from a 6 Å structure recently reported for a detergent-solubilized, full-length but uncleaved trimer (49) . Differences in the design of the Env trimers might contribute to some of these structural inconsistencies.","[2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,1.8,tweets,396125020121874432
10.1080/17588928.2010.527434,Medicine_tweet_283,Brain study explains the introverted nature of the personality. Where personality of the brain meet psychology... ,Both Mid-and High Extraversion groups were characterized by equal number of males and females (pairwise comparison p = .46).,Brain study explains the introverted nature of the personality. Where personality of the brain meet psychology... ,"To quantify these observable differences, the P300 amplitude values were first derived by applying the ** The 3 groups did not differ on age, F (2,27) = 1.02, p = .38; however, as expected based on the NEO-PI manual and norms, the Low Extraversion group included significantly more females than the Mid-and High Extraversion groups (F (2,27) = 5.22, p = .01; pairwise comparison ps = .01). Both Mid-and High Extraversion groups were characterized by equal number of males and females (pairwise comparison p = .46). There was no difference between the groups with respect to the reaction times (RT) to either faces (F (2,27) = 1.54, p = .23) or flowers (F (2,27) = 2.01, p = .15).","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Medicine,val,1.8,tweets,618504900813672451
10.1038/s41598-019-44324-x,Medicine_tweet_293,An interesting paper by Milla Salonen and colleagues on breed differences in behaviour in cats (HT: @username)  ,"Based on our results, the low tendency to seek human contact correlates with low activity level and long hair, whereas in dogs, low levels of attachment is seen in ancient breeds 19 .",An interesting paper by Milla Salonen and colleagues on breed differences in behaviour in cats (HT: @username)  ,"Thus, when preferring calm and inactive cats in breeding, Ragdoll breeders may unintentionally favour cats seeking little contact to people. Based on our results, the low tendency to seek human contact correlates with low activity level and long hair, whereas in dogs, low levels of attachment is seen in ancient breeds 19 . The genetic correlation estimates of the Ragdoll breed indicate that the low level of contact in these longhaired cats may be a by-product of selection for low activity level to ease handling (especially brushing).","[4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.4,tweets,1141354007698518017
10.1186/s40200-015-0176-8,Medicine_tweet_3,Study:Parental Support May Protect Young African American Women Against #Obesity #journalofdiabetesmetabolicdisorders ,Conclusion: High maternal support appears to be protective against increases in BMI among African American female young adults.,Study:Parental Support May Protect Young African American Women Against #Obesity #journalofdiabetesmetabolicdisorders ,"We could not find such an association for male African American young adults. Conclusion: High maternal support appears to be protective against increases in BMI among African American female young adults. As parental support is a modifiable factor within available evidence-based interventions that enhance parenting, it should be included in obesity prevention programs for African American women.","[3.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.25,tweets,610533785730445312
10.1007/s00421-011-2246-z,Medicine_tweet_30,More evidence for weak correlations between acute hormonal responses &amp; resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass ,"Acute hormonal responses were correlated with gains in lean body mass (LBM), muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and leg press strength.",More evidence for weak correlations between acute hormonal responses &amp; resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass ,"Acute hormonal responses were correlated with gains in lean body mass (LBM), muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and leg press strength. There were no significant correlations between the exercise-induced elevations (area under the curve-AUC) of GH, fT and IGF-1 and gains in LBM or leg press strength. Significant correlations were found for cortisol, usually assumed to be a hormone indicative of catabolic drive, AUC with change in LBM (r = 0.29, P \ 0.05) and type II fibre CSA (r = 0.35, P \ 0.01) as well as GH AUC and gain in fibre area (type I: r = 0.36, P = 0.006; type II: r = 0.28, P = 0.04, but not lean mass).","[4.0, 5.0, 2.0, 1.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,5.0,tweets,240713912331411456
10.1038/s41419-019-1494-4,Medicine_tweet_34,"""Chronic inflammation is a driving force for the development of metabolic disease including ""diabetes and ""obesity"" + ""The rational modulation of T-cell senescence would be a promising avenue for the treatment or prevention of diabetes"" ","These suggest that T-cell senescence-mediated reprogramming of metabolic pathways may be associated with development of diabetes and its complications, as well as other aging-related diseases.","""Chronic inflammation is a driving force for the development of metabolic disease including ""diabetes and ""obesity"" + ""The rational modulation of T-cell senescence would be a promising avenue for the treatment or prevention of diabetes"" ","In addition, we demonstrated that these CD8 + CD28 − T cells reside within the liver and are more numerous in the liver of aged and HFD-fed mice. These suggest that T-cell senescence-mediated reprogramming of metabolic pathways may be associated with development of diabetes and its complications, as well as other aging-related diseases. • In conclusion, we identified a link between the numbers and secretion of effector molecules by senescent T cells, and blood glucose status, in humans and mice.","[4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.2,tweets,1105789220751360000
10.1002/cncr.30564,Medicine_tweet_46,Significant changes in sexual behavior after a diagnosis of #HPV+/- #OralCancer [a]  HT @username #Cancer,"Awareness of this link between sexual behavior, oral HPV infection, and cancer may cause concern for patients who have HPV-positive OSCC and their partners.",Significant changes in sexual behavior after a diagnosis of #HPV+/- #OralCancer [a]  HT @username #Cancer,"Performing oral sex increases the risk of oral HPV infection, and the risk increases with the number of partners. Awareness of this link between sexual behavior, oral HPV infection, and cancer may cause concern for patients who have HPV-positive OSCC and their partners. Strong associations are observed between sexual behavior, oral HPV infection, and oropharyngeal cancer.","[2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,3.0,tweets,832725091494432770
10.1002/cncr.30313,Medicine_tweet_58,"A prospective study of cerebral, frontal &amp; temporal lobe volumes &amp; neuropsychol performance in children w cranial RT ","We found that, similarly to the cerebral volume, the bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe volumes increased with age in all children.","A prospective study of cerebral, frontal &amp; temporal lobe volumes &amp; neuropsychol performance in children w cranial RT ","Our findings are consistent with similarly published data. We found that, similarly to the cerebral volume, the bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe volumes increased with age in all children. Interestingly, the right frontal and right temporal lobe volumes differed significantly between patients and controls, and this persisted over time, with controls having higher volumes than patients.","[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,3.6,tweets,773142431235764224
10.1542/peds.2015-1727,Medicine_tweet_7,"High School Students’ Use of Electronic Cigarettes to Vaporize Cannabis
Morean PhD, Kong PhD et alPediatrics Oct 2015 ",The current study is the first to demonstrate that HS students are using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis.,"High School Students’ Use of Electronic Cigarettes to Vaporize Cannabis
Morean PhD, Kong PhD et alPediatrics Oct 2015 ","Using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis did not differ significantly by students' SES (P = .23). The current study is the first to demonstrate that HS students are using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis. Of central importance, rates of using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis were high among all students who had ever tried an e-cigarette, among all students who had tried any form of cannabis, and among the subsample of students who had experimented with the combination of e-cigarettes and cannabis (.4% of the total sample, 18.0% of lifetime e-cigarette users, 18.4% of lifetime cannabis users, and 26.% of lifetime dual users).","[3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.2,tweets,641309327089868800
10.1038/s41598-019-41140-1,Medicine_tweet_77,"Latest research from @username. @username and colleagues report in @username that cordycepin reduces pain, inflammation and joint pathology in rodent models of osteoarthritis. Read the #OpenAccess paper here
  ",Anti-inflammatory activity of cordycepin is evident in murine macrophages in vitro and attributed to the repression of NF-ĸB dependent gene expression .,"Latest research from @username. @username and colleagues report in @username that cordycepin reduces pain, inflammation and joint pathology in rodent models of osteoarthritis. Read the #OpenAccess paper here
  ","Synovial inflammation is associated with cartilage damage and bone changes in OA, and is significantly associated with joint pain. Anti-inflammatory activity of cordycepin is evident in murine macrophages in vitro and attributed to the repression of NF-ĸB dependent gene expression . Identification of the mechanisms driving synovial inflammation have the potential to reveal new targets to relieve OA pain.","[4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Medicine,val,2.8,tweets,1107657699825762305
10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.002,Medicine_tweet_78,New! Xing &amp; colleagues discuss recent advances in analyzing how genetic variation modulates alternative splicing &amp; influences phenotypic variability ,"Many of these variants are associated with GWAS signals, suggesting a ubiquitous contribution of alternative splicing to phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility in human populations.",New! Xing &amp; colleagues discuss recent advances in analyzing how genetic variation modulates alternative splicing &amp; influences phenotypic variability ,"Thus, this study offers an important proof of concept that alternative splicing analysis via the integration of RNA-seq with exome or genome sequencing improves disease diagnosis. Many of these variants are associated with GWAS signals, suggesting a ubiquitous contribution of alternative splicing to phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility in human populations. These genetically regulated, GWAS-associated mRNA isoforms are prime candidates for functional studies of alternative splicing.","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Medicine,val,3.0,tweets,948967407963471872
10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1123,Medicine_tweet_84,"Synergistic effect of Aβ burden and Framingham (vascular disease) risk score ( on cognitive decline in normal older adults:
","Vascular risk maintained a strong association with cognitive decline beyond that of commonly used imaging biomarkers, including β-amyloid, hippocampal volume, fludeoxyglucose F18-labeled positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities.","Synergistic effect of Aβ burden and Framingham (vascular disease) risk score ( on cognitive decline in normal older adults:
","Findings In this study, Framingham and other vascular risk algorithms were associated with longitudinal cognitive decline, both alone and synergistically with β-amyloid burden. Vascular risk maintained a strong association with cognitive decline beyond that of commonly used imaging biomarkers, including β-amyloid, hippocampal volume, fludeoxyglucose F18-labeled positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities. Meaning Vascular risk may complement other imaging biomarkers in assessing risk of cognitive decline in older adults with preclinical Alzheimer disease.","[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Medicine,val,2.2,tweets,998987449597677568
10.1093/alcalc/agu018,Medicine_tweet_87,Do UK TV Alcohol Advertisements Abide by the Code of Broadcast Advertising? Probably not.  This is brilliant.,"Overall, three in four participants perceived the advertisements to breach at least one alcohol-specific rule in the BCAP Code.",Do UK TV Alcohol Advertisements Abide by the Code of Broadcast Advertising? Probably not.  This is brilliant.,"There were no significant differences in the proportion of participants in each age group and of each gender who perceived the advertisements to breach at least one alcohol-specific guideline in the BCAP Code (all P > 0.05). Overall, three in four participants perceived the advertisements to breach at least one alcohol-specific rule in the BCAP Code. There was significant variation across advertisements in perceived compliance, with the proportion of perceived breaches ranging from 91% for Captain Morgan's Spiced to 49% for Disaronno Originale.","[4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0]",Medicine,val,4.4,tweets,456749950781513728
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Medicine_easy_1,The findings provide valuable insight into understanding the functional makeup of a vital neural network that is critical for characterizing the social symptoms in individuals with ASD.,The findings of this study will provide valuable insight into understanding the functional makeup of an important neural network that is critical in characterizing the social symptoms in individuals with ASD.,"Published in Molecular Autism, the research reveals disruptions in the brain's circuitry involved in ToM at multiple levels compared to typical brain functioning. The findings provide valuable insight into understanding the functional makeup of a vital neural network that is critical for characterizing the social symptoms in individuals with ASD. ""Reduced brain activity in ToM-related brain regions and reduced connectivity among these regions in children with autism suggest how deficits in the neurobiological mechanisms can lead to difficulties in cognitive and behavioral functioning, such as theory of mind,"" said Marcel Just, the D.O.","This study is novel in that it uses dynamic non-verbal stimuli to examine the integrity of the ToM network in pre-adult ASD, a relatively under-studied topic. The findings of this study will provide valuable insight into understanding the functional makeup of an important neural network that is critical in characterizing the social symptoms in individuals with ASD. In the ToM condition, the geometrical figures moved in a way that could be interpreted as driven by an intentional action or interaction involving thoughts and feelings (e.g., coaxing).",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_easy_18,"""Whether these should include systematic treatment with vitamin K antagonists, new anticoagulants or aspirin, or be tailored according to patient risk factors needs further investigation.","Whether these should include systematic treatment with vitamin K antagonists, new anticoagulants or aspirin, or be tailored according to patient risk factors (including elevated D-dimer levels) needs further investigation.","The authors note that their results suggest that patients such as those who participated in this study require long-term secondary prevention measures. ""Whether these should include systematic treatment with vitamin K antagonists, new anticoagulants or aspirin, or be tailored according to patient risk factors needs further investigation. ""(doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7046; Available pre-embargo to the media at http://media.jamanetwork.com)

Editor's Note: The study was supported by grants from the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (French Department of Health), and the sponsor was the University Hospital of Brest.","Our results suggest that patients such as those who participated in our study require longterm secondary prophylaxis measures. Whether these should include systematic treatment with vitamin K antagonists, new anticoagulants or aspirin, or be tailored according to patient risk factors (including elevated D-dimer levels) needs further investigation. Among patients with a first episode of unprovoked pulmonary embolism who received 6 months of anticoagulant treatment, an additional 18 months of treatment with warfarin reduced the composite outcome of recurrent venous thrombosis and major bleeding compared with placebo.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/benefit-of-extending-anticoagulation-therapy-lost-after-discontinuation-of-therapy
10.1002/cncr.30564,Medicine_easy_20,Declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors occurred irrespective of tumor HPV status.,"Significant declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors were reported at follow-up, regardless of tumor HPV status.",Investigators also found that abstinence from vaginal sex significantly increased from 10% at baseline to 34% at 6 months (P <.01) and abstinence from oral sex increased from 25% to 80% (P <.01). Declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors occurred irrespective of tumor HPV status. The findings ultimately suggest that a diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer can have significant negative effects on sexual behavior.,"Concern over sexual, but not nonsexual, HPV transmission to partners was reported by 50%. Significant declines in the frequency of vaginal and oral sexual behaviors were reported at follow-up, regardless of tumor HPV status. From baseline to 6 months, significant increases in abstinence from vaginal sex (from 10% to 34%; P <.01) and oral sex (from 25% to 80%; P <.01) were reported.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/relationship-dynamics-affected-by-oral-scc-diagnosis/article/638134/
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_easy_24,"During the 42-month entire study period (including the study treatment and follow-up periods), the composite outcome occurred in 33 patients (21 percent) in the warfarin group and in 42 (24 percent) in the placebo group.","During the 42-month entire study period (including the study treatment and follow-up periods), the composite outcome occurred in 33 patients (20.8%) in the warfarin group and in 42 (24.0%) in the placebo group (HR, 0.75; 95% CI,).","This benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued. During the 42-month entire study period (including the study treatment and follow-up periods), the composite outcome occurred in 33 patients (21 percent) in the warfarin group and in 42 (24 percent) in the placebo group. Rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and unrelated death did not differ between groups.","Recurrent venous thromboembolism occurred in 3 patients in the warfarin group and 25 patients in the placebo group (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.43); major bleeding occurred in 4 patients in the warfarin group and in 1 patient in the placebo group (HR, 3.96; 95% CI, 0.44 to 35.89). During the 42-month entire study period (including the study treatment and follow-up periods), the composite outcome occurred in 33 patients (20.8%) in the warfarin group and in 42 (24.0%) in the placebo group (HR, 0.75; 95% CI,). Rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and unrelated death did not differ between groups.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/benefit-of-extending-anticoagulation-therapy-lost-after-discontinuation-of-therapy
10.1002/cncr.30313,Medicine_easy_33,"""However, the neuropsychological tests associated with these lobar regions, Bead Memory and Visual Perception, respectively, did not differ between patients and controls.""","However, the neuropsychological tests associated with these lobar regions, Bead Memory and Visual Perception, respectively, did not differ between patients and controls.","""Interestingly, the right frontal and right temporal lobe volumes differed significantly between patients and controls, and this persisted over time, with controls having higher volumes than patients,"" the researchers wrote. ""However, the neuropsychological tests associated with these lobar regions, Bead Memory and Visual Perception, respectively, did not differ between patients and controls."" The researchers acknowledged that the small study size limits the study results.","Interestingly, the right frontal and right temporal lobe volumes differed significantly between patients and controls, and this persisted over time, with controls having higher volumes than patients. However, the neuropsychological tests associated with these lobar regions, Bead Memory and Visual Perception, respectively, did not differ between patients and controls. This may be due to small patient numbers.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.cancernetwork.com/brain-tumors/higher-rt-dose-pediatric-brain-tumors-limited-vocabulary-development
10.1073/pnas.1423995112,Medicine_easy_37,"The study found that locations with high diversity of non-native species also support high diversity of native species, suggesting that high diversities of native and non-native plant species are compatible with one another.","We also find that the diversity of native species is increasing in locations where the diversity of non-native species is increasing, suggesting that high diversities of native and non-native plant species are compatible with one another.","It therefore seems likely that factors other than plant invasions are the main causes of vegetation change."" The study found that locations with high diversity of non-native species also support high diversity of native species, suggesting that high diversities of native and non-native plant species are compatible with one another. The authors recognise that some non-native species can overwhelm native plants in some places -- however, the conclusion of the research is that any such local changes are insufficient to endanger biodiversity across Britain as a whole.","This implies that factors other than plant ""invasions"" are the key drivers of vegetation change. We also find that the diversity of native species is increasing in locations where the diversity of non-native species is increasing, suggesting that high diversities of native and non-native plant species are compatible with one another. We reject the time-toexclusion hypothesis as the reason why extinctions have not been observed and suggest that non-native plant species are not a threat to floral diversity in Britain.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150323150617.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_environment+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Environment+News%29
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_easy_38,This benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued.,"However, this benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued.","This result was driven by a reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, with the risk of bleeding increasing to a minimal extent. This benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued. During the 42-month entire study period (including the study treatment and follow-up periods), the composite outcome occurred in 33 patients (21 percent) in the warfarin group and in 42 (24 percent) in the placebo group.","This result was driven by a reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, the risk of bleeding increasing to a minimal extent. However, this benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued. Consistently with previous studies [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] 23, 24 evaluating substantially prolonged anticoagulation for secondary prophylaxis after a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism, we observed a high absolute rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism in the placebo group during the 18-month treatment period, with a hazard ratio of 0.15 for risk of such events with warfarin.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/benefit-of-extending-anticoagulation-therapy-lost-after-discontinuation-of-therapy
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_easy_43,"In this high-risk population, extending anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6 months is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence as long as treatment is continued.","[1] [3] [4] [5] [6] In this high-risk population, extending anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6 months is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence as long as treatment is continued.","In this high-risk population, extending anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6 months is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence as long as treatment is continued. After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event. During the 18-month treatment period, the primary outcome (the composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding at 18 months after randomization) occurred in 6 of 184 patients (3 percent) in the warfarin group and in 25 of 187 patients (13.5 percent) in the placebo group, resulting in a relative risk reduction of 78 percent in favor of warfarin.","W hen anticoagulant therapy is stopped after 3 to 6 months of treatment, patients with a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism have a much higher risk of recurrence than those with venous thromboembolism provoked by a transient risk factor (eg, surgery). [1] [3] [4] [5] [6] In this high-risk population, extending anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6 months is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence as long as treatment is continued. 9 Because the casefatality rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism is approximately 4-fold higher after pulmonary embolism than after proximal deep-vein thrombosis, 15 the benefit-risk ratio of extended anticoagulation is likely to differ between these 2 types of events, and thus should be evaluated separately.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/benefit-of-extending-anticoagulation-therapy-lost-after-discontinuation-of-therapy
10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.10.003,Medicine_easy_46,"In ATTR, protein secreted from the liver aggregates and forms fibrils in target organs, chiefly the heart and peripheral nervous system, highlighting the need for a model capable of duplicating the multisystem complexity of this clinically variable disease.","In ATTR, protein secreted from the liver aggregates and forms fibrils in target organs, chiefly the heart and peripheral nervous system, highlighting the need for a model capable of recapitulating the multisystem complexity of this clinically variable disease.","The findings, which are reported in Stem Cell Reports, may lead to new treatments for genetic diseases such as familial amyloidosis. In ATTR, protein secreted from the liver aggregates and forms fibrils in target organs, chiefly the heart and peripheral nervous system, highlighting the need for a model capable of duplicating the multisystem complexity of this clinically variable disease. According to researchers using iPSC technology, cell lines can be established that are genetically identical to the individual from whom they are derived, allowing for disease modeling and development of novel therapeutics in the personalized genetic context of the patient from which they are made.","In ATTR, protein secreted from the liver aggregates and forms fibrils in target organs, chiefly the heart and peripheral nervous system, highlighting the need for a model capable of recapitulating the multisystem complexity of this clinically variable disease. We demonstrate that iPSC-derived neuronal and cardiac cells display oxidative stress and an increased level of cell death when exposed to mutant TTR produced by the patient-matched iPSC-derived hepatocytes, recapitulating essential aspects of the disease in vitro. Furthermore, small molecule stabilizers of TTR show efficacy in this model, validating this iPSC-based, patient-specific in vitro system as a platform for testing therapeutic strategies.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131031124922.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1002/cncr.30313,Medicine_easy_52,"Finally, bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe volumes increased with age in all of the children in the study.","We found that, similarly to the cerebral volume, the bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe volumes increased with age in all children.","The researchers also found that higher radiation doses were associated with lower vocabulary scores in patients, suggesting that ""radiation dose affects performance on vocabulary measures in a dose-dependent manner."" Finally, bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe volumes increased with age in all of the children in the study. ""Interestingly, the right frontal and right temporal lobe volumes differed significantly between patients and controls, and this persisted over time, with controls having higher volumes than patients,"" the researchers wrote.","Our findings are consistent with similarly published data. We found that, similarly to the cerebral volume, the bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe volumes increased with age in all children. Interestingly, the right frontal and right temporal lobe volumes differed significantly between patients and controls, and this persisted over time, with controls having higher volumes than patients.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.cancernetwork.com/brain-tumors/higher-rt-dose-pediatric-brain-tumors-limited-vocabulary-development
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_easy_70,"After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event.","After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event.","In this high-risk population, extending anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6 months is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence as long as treatment is continued. After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event. During the 18-month treatment period, the primary outcome (the composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding at 18 months after randomization) occurred in 6 of 184 patients (3 percent) in the warfarin group and in 25 of 187 patients (13.5 percent) in the placebo group, resulting in a relative risk reduction of 78 percent in favor of warfarin.","MD; for the PADIS-PE Investigators After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event. During the 18-month treatment period, the primary outcome occurred in 6 of 184 patients (3.3%) in the warfarin group and in 25 of 187 (13.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09-0.55; P = .001).",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/benefit-of-extending-anticoagulation-therapy-lost-after-discontinuation-of-therapy
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_easy_72,"This result was driven by a reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, with the risk of bleeding increasing to a minimal extent.","This result was driven by a reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, the risk of bleeding increasing to a minimal extent.","During the 18-month treatment period, the primary outcome (the composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding at 18 months after randomization) occurred in 6 of 184 patients (3 percent) in the warfarin group and in 25 of 187 patients (13.5 percent) in the placebo group, resulting in a relative risk reduction of 78 percent in favor of warfarin. This result was driven by a reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, with the risk of bleeding increasing to a minimal extent. This benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued.","e One patient presented major bleeding 314 days after warfarin was initiated for recurrent venous thromboembolism. This result was driven by a reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, the risk of bleeding increasing to a minimal extent. However, this benefit of anticoagulation was lost after anticoagulation was discontinued.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/benefit-of-extending-anticoagulation-therapy-lost-after-discontinuation-of-therapy
10.1186/s40200-015-0176-8,Medicine_easy_96,"aEURoePolicies that are relevant to the relations between family members include those that determine job availability, socioeconomic status, health and other disparities in poor communities,aEUR Assari said.",Conclusion: High maternal support appears to be protective against increases in BMI among African American female young adults.,"The bigger concern, however, is addressing policies that influence the way a mother who lives in poverty parents, he says. aEURoePolicies that are relevant to the relations between family members include those that determine job availability, socioeconomic status, health and other disparities in poor communities,aEUR Assari said. aEURoeAny policies that alter the function of a family in such context are the ones that need to be addressed.aEUR



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Extra love and support doesnaEUR(tm)t make up for being a helicopter parent

More information: aEURoeLow parental support in late adolescence predicts obesity in young adulthood; Gender differences in a 12-year cohort of African Americans.aEUR Journal of Diabetes Metabolic Disorders 2015, 14:47A DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0176-8","We could not find such an association for male African American young adults. Conclusion: High maternal support appears to be protective against increases in BMI among African American female young adults. As parental support is a modifiable factor within available evidence-based interventions that enhance parenting, it should be included in obesity prevention programs for African American women.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/parental-support-may-protect-young-women-against-obesity/
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Medicine_easy_109,"This research in rats opens up new possibilities for developing therapies for cerebral SVD.""",This increase was due to both a block in OPC differentiation to mature oligodendrocytes (fewer mature Olig2 + Nogo-A + oligodendrocytes; Fig.,"Nathan Richardson, Ph.D., the MRC's head of molecular and cellular medicine, commented: ""This study is a great example of how innovative discovery science into regenerative mechanisms can be applied to improve our understanding of how vascular changes contribute to dementia. This research in rats opens up new possibilities for developing therapies for cerebral SVD."" Indeed, the brain cell damage in the rats caused by the blood vessel changes was prevented by treatment with endothelial cell-stabilizing drugs, providing evidence for a potential path for the development of a therapeutic approach for dementia.","1, J, M, and N) . This increase was due to both a block in OPC differentiation to mature oligodendrocytes (fewer mature Olig2 + Nogo-A + oligodendrocytes; Fig. 1O ) and an increase in OPC proliferation ( Fig.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34473235645&p=1pl&v=1&x=KYKLzGl-UkViIgQQkxfl9g
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Medicine_easy_116,"But he believes future iterations of this approach--incorporating fossil traits into the analysis--will yield a powerful new tool: ""All the cool kids will be doing it soon.""","However, the same study showed that phylogenetic relationships in a ''Cambrian bush'' are resolvable if elevated evolutionary rates during the critical time window generated large suites of changes on chronologically short branches.","He points out that while the study uses fossil data to determine when a given arthropod branch emerged, it doesn't include the known characteristics of these extinct ancestors in its comparisons of physical traits, which involve only living creatures. Some of the assumptions the authors make in estimating these emergence dates are also problematic, says Philip Donoghue, a paleobiologist at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom. But he believes future iterations of this approach--incorporating fossil traits into the analysis--will yield a powerful new tool: ""All the cool kids will be doing it soon.""","That study suggested that reconstructing relationships between Cambrian lineages would be essentially impossible assuming constant evolutionary rates, unless they diverged gradually over a time period of >100 Myr. However, the same study showed that phylogenetic relationships in a ''Cambrian bush'' are resolvable if elevated evolutionary rates during the critical time window generated large suites of changes on chronologically short branches. Our results support this possibility, and the numbers are highly consistent.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://news.sciencemag.org/evolution/2013/09/evolution%E2%80%99s-clock-ticked-faster-dawn-modern-animals
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Medicine_easy_127,"This research in rats opens up new possibilities for developing therapies for cerebral small vessel disease.""","4 , D, E, and L) and significantly increased mature TJs in DM rats (P < 0.05 for both; Fig.","Alzheimer's Research UK is very pleased to have helped fund this innovative research, which is only possible thanks to the work of our dedicated supporters."" Dr Nathan Richardson, the MRC's Head of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, commented: ""This study is a great example of how innovative discovery science into regenerative mechanisms can be applied to improve our understanding of how vascular changes contribute to dementia. This research in rats opens up new possibilities for developing therapies for cerebral small vessel disease.""","Simvastatin and perindopril significantly reduced EC proliferation (P < 0.001 for both; Fig. 4 , D, E, and L) and significantly increased mature TJs in DM rats (P < 0.05 for both; Fig. 4 , F, G, and M), confirming that these drugs improve endothelial dysfunction.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34467118781&p=1pl&v=1&x=3Rr-tSWgkLK_c5EdLkBpcQ
10.1038/s41598-017-00193-w,Medicine_easy_130,"""The identification and characterization of CD8 T cell epitopes in mice immunized with a Zika RNA vaccine is a very useful",Additional bands (indicated by asterisks) were detected that may correspond to incompletely processed ZIKV E protein.,"They identified a sequence of eight amino acids that the activated T cells in the mouse respond to. Now that this sequence, also called an epitope, is known, other researchers can use it to test their own experimental Zika vaccines in the appropriate mouse models. ""The identification and characterization of CD8 T cell epitopes in mice immunized with a Zika RNA vaccine is a very useful",Expression of the expected ~54 kDa protein product was observed ( Fig. Additional bands (indicated by asterisks) were detected that may correspond to incompletely processed ZIKV E protein. The full-length prM-E polyprotein segment encoded in the replicon has a predicted molecular weight of 73.4 kDa after signal peptidase processing to release the prM N-terminus.,[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://news.mit.edu/2017/rna-nanoparticles-zika-vaccine-0329
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018,Medicine_easy_151,"""We hope that these new findings will help group individuals with ASD based upon their genetic causes and lead to earlier diagnosis, and smarter, more focused therapies and interventions for autism spectrum disorders,"" said first author Dalila Pinto, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.","Overall, 4.7% of trios had at least one de novo CNV, whereas control subjects had a frequency of 1%-2%.","Individuals with ASD carried more of these CNVs than individuals in the control group, and some of them were inherited while others were only present in offspring with ASD. By further aggregating CNVs and SNVs (the latter identified in other studies), Mount Sinai researchers discovered many additional genes and pathways involved in ASD. ""We hope that these new findings will help group individuals with ASD based upon their genetic causes and lead to earlier diagnosis, and smarter, more focused therapies and interventions for autism spectrum disorders,"" said first author Dalila Pinto, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.","After screening 2,096 trios (of all ancestries), we found 102 rare de novo CNVs in 99 affected subjects (three of whom had two events; Table S4 ). Overall, 4.7% of trios had at least one de novo CNV, whereas control subjects had a frequency of 1%-2%. There were no significant differences between subjects from simplex families and those from multiplex families in the frequency (5% and 4.2%, respectively) or gene content (n ¼ 18.7 and 18.8, respectively) of de novo CNVs.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/mount-sinai-researchers-identify-genetic-alterations-in-shared-biological-pathways-as-major-risk-factor-for-autism-spectrum-disorder
10.1038/nn.3415,Medicine_easy_157,"They found these neuronal networks showed too much activity, firing too often and in synch, much more than a normal brain.","However, in our in vivo whole-cell recordings of L2/3 neurons in unanesthetized mice at P1- we found no significant differences between wildtype and Fmr1 −/− mice in the duration of Up states (wild type, 1.30 ± 0.06 s, n = 5 cells ; Fmr1 −/− , 1.29 ± 0.1 s, n = 6 cells; P = 0.92, t test; Fig.","They found these neuronal networks showed too much activity, firing too often and in synch, much more than a normal brain. This neuronal excitability may also be the basis for symptoms in children with FXS, which can include disrupted sleep, seizures, or learning disabilities. The findings may lead to treatments that could quiet the excessive activity and allow for more normal behavior.","In addition, we found that recorded neurons in npg a r t I C l e S which suggests that the differences in firing rates (or correlation coefficients) were not a result of differences in the overall state of vigilance of mice from either genotype. However, in our in vivo whole-cell recordings of L2/3 neurons in unanesthetized mice at P1- we found no significant differences between wildtype and Fmr1 −/− mice in the duration of Up states (wild type, 1.30 ± 0.06 s, n = 5 cells ; Fmr1 −/− , 1.29 ± 0.1 s, n = 6 cells; P = 0.92, t test; Fig. a-c) , in the frequency of Up states (wild type, 0.38 ± 0.03 Hz; Fmr1 −/− , 0.36 ± 0.02 Hz; P = 0.6, t test; Fig.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130603133326.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1038/nature13665,Medicine_easy_173,"""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning.","Following within-manifold perturbations, performance was impaired briefly (Extended Data Fig.","Understanding the ways in which the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries. ""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","First, perturbation types differed in their after-effects. Following within-manifold perturbations, performance was impaired briefly (Extended Data Fig. Following outside-manifold perturbations, performance was not impaired, which is consistent with little, if any, learning having occurred (Extended Data Fig.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature13665,Medicine_easy_175,"As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn.","For monkey J (left), the after-effect was significantly larger for within-manifold perturbations (red) than for outside-manifold perturbations (blue) (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P , 10 23 ).","For example, a trained pianist can learn a new melody easier than learning how to hit a tennis serve. As reported in Nature, the researchers found for the first time that there are limitations on how adaptable the brain is during learning and that these restrictions are a key determinant for whether a new skill will be easy or difficult to learn. Understanding how the brain's activity can be ""flexed"" during learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.","A larger after-effect indicates more learning had occurred in response to the perturbation. For monkey J (left), the after-effect was significantly larger for within-manifold perturbations (red) than for outside-manifold perturbations (blue) (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P , 10 23 ). For monkey L (right), the trend is in the same direction as monkey J, but the effect did not achieve significance (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P .",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/924144-neurons-reveal-the-brains-learning-limit/
10.1093/brain/awt079,Medicine_easy_181,"They suggest that the diagnostic criteria for autism, which emphasize social and communicative impairment, may fail to consider the broad spectrum of problems children with autism experience.","2F) , with the sole exception of comparatively extensive representation of parieto-occipital connectivity in posterolateral thalamus.","""This impaired connectivity suggests that autism is not simply a disorder of social and communicative abilities, but also affects a broad range of sensory and motor systems,"" Muller said. While the findings reported in this study are novel, they are consistent with growing evidence on sensory and motor abnormalities in autism. They suggest that the diagnostic criteria for autism, which emphasize social and communicative impairment, may fail to consider the broad spectrum of problems children with autism experience.","Overall parcellation in the ASD group was also similar, suggesting that gross regional profiles of thalamocortical anatomical connectivity are not dramatically abnormal in ASD (Fig. 2F) , with the sole exception of comparatively extensive representation of parieto-occipital connectivity in posterolateral thalamus. However, this difference was only seen qualitatively on parcellation results, whereas direct group comparison of probabilistic tractography maps ( Fig.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130625141216.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1186/2193-1801-3-693,Medicine_easy_185,"The trend noted at the shorter end of the ultra spectrum has, if anything, accelerated since 2012, the last year the analysis included.","In 1,000 km, most female runners were in age group 35-39 yrs, whereas most male runners were in age group 55-59 yrs.","Between 1977 and 2012, the age of the year's 10 fastest men decreased from 35 to 33. At the other end of the range studied, the age of the top 1,000K runners remained unchanged; the leading women and men are an average age of 42 and 49, respectively. The trend noted at the shorter end of the ultra spectrum has, if anything, accelerated since 2012, the last year the analysis included.","In 100 km and 200 km, most of the runners were recorded in the age group 45-49 yrs for both genders. In 1,000 km, most female runners were in age group 35-39 yrs, whereas most male runners were in age group 55-59 yrs. The athlete's ages of the ten fastest women ever were 40 ± 4 yrs (50 km), 34 ± 7 yrs (100 km), 42 ± 6 yrs (200 km), and 41 ± 5 yrs (1,000 km) (Figure 4 ).",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.runnersworld.com/races/top-runners-at-short-ultramarathons-are-getting-younger-faster?page=single
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Medicine_easy_199,"""If we take XMAP215 out, not a single microtubule forms.","The experimental results and trends were reproducible exactly, as indicated in respective figure legends.","Using the pure extractions of each protein, Petry's team was able to see that in a test tube, neither protein can nucleate microtubules without the other. ""If we take XMAP215 out, not a single microtubule forms. If you take g-tubulin out, not a single microtubule forms,"" Petry said.","Therefore choosing one field of view for each reaction was representative and sufficient such that clear differences between samples were observed by imaging these large fields of view. The experimental results and trends were reproducible exactly, as indicated in respective figure legends. All fields of view (132x132um) were homogeneous and measurements from one field of view with another were consistent.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1126/science.1251868,Medicine_easy_202,"What remained of job and population growth was divided among the 21 percent of counties that are called micropolitans, which have midsize cities with between 10,000 and 50,000 residents, and the remaining 42 percent of counties that are rural.","6B) , real earnings growth among females without at least some college education over this threedecade interval was extremely modest.","Between 2008, the cusp of the Great Recession, and 2017, they enjoyed nearly 99 percent of all job and population growth. What remained of job and population growth was divided among the 21 percent of counties that are called micropolitans, which have midsize cities with between 10,000 and 50,000 residents, and the remaining 42 percent of counties that are rural. Nationally, 71 percent of all metropolitan counties grew between 2008 and 2017, but more than half of the remaining micropolitan and rural counties did not grow or shrank in population.","Although the picture is generally brighter for females (Fig. 6B) , real earnings growth among females without at least some college education over this threedecade interval was extremely modest. Between 1979 and 2007, prior to the onset of the Great Recession, the fraction of working-age males in paid employment fell by 12 percentage points among high school dropouts and 10 percentage points among those with exactly a high school diploma.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39183039670&p=1pl&v=1&x=tSDj3X5h7QMDHsnCVYjv3w
10.1098/rsos.171782,Medicine_easy_205,"Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints.""",There is a reduction in large nerve number from the proximal counterparts.,"""While this explanation of the second and fourth digits is viable, it is incomplete and fails to account for the animal's first and fifth digits,"" the paleontologists said. Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints."" According to the team, this demonstrates that the first and fifth digits were not simply lost to evolution, but attached to their neighboring second and fourth digits.","We find a single VAN triad ventral to the distal phalanx, and numerous minute arteries throughout the section. There is a reduction in large nerve number from the proximal counterparts. In this region, the nerves are numerous, but the size is notably reduced, possibly reflecting significant branching of the more proximal nerve segments (figure 10e).",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1038/nature13665,Medicine_easy_226,"We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns.""","If that were the case, the angles between control spaces would have been zero, not in the range of 40-80u as shown.","""We found that the brain works in a similar way during learning. We found that subjects were able to more readily recombine familiar activity patterns in new ways relative to creating entirely novel patterns."" ""It helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning.""","3b also shows that the perturbations were not pure workspace rotations. If that were the case, the angles between control spaces would have been zero, not in the range of 40-80u as shown. If learning one type of perturbation required larger changes in preferred directions of neural units, then those perturbations might be harder to learn.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827131648.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0,Medicine_easy_228,"Depending on the Wnt activity, the cancer cells can switch back and forth between the stem cell state and a differentiated state.",of selected Wnt and Ras pathway members in trametinib versus DMSO treated cells.,"The researchers thus provide a possible explanation for why these drugs are not effective in colorectal cancer. Depending on the Wnt activity, the cancer cells can switch back and forth between the stem cell state and a differentiated state. At the same time, the gene activity of the cancer cells changed to a stem cell-typical pattern.","Taken together, these results suggest that dual blockage of Wnt and RAS signalling has superior antiproliferative effects in CRC over single inhibition of either pathway. of selected Wnt and Ras pathway members in trametinib versus DMSO treated cells. Mean values of three independent replicates are shown.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39238665199&p=1pl&v=1&x=mO4HLKWMzfNJB32xwCSFzA
10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0,Medicine_easy_236,"At the same time, the gene activity of the cancer cells changed to a stem cell-typical pattern.","This finding indicates that GSK3B and MEK/ERK act on Wnt signalling by distinct mechanisms, which can be independently targeted by small molecules.","Depending on the Wnt activity, the cancer cells can switch back and forth between the stem cell state and a differentiated state. At the same time, the gene activity of the cancer cells changed to a stem cell-typical pattern. ""This corresponds exactly to the picture of the ""sleeping cancer stem cells"" that have been described in many types of cancer for several years,"" explains Tianzuo Zhan, clinician scientist at both the DKFZ and the Mannheim University Medical Center ""These cells survive the therapy and are subsequently responsible for the relapse.","Surprisingly, we also observed that APC truncations synergize with MEK and ERK inhibition to activate Wnt, while they completely abolish the stimulating effect of GSK3B inhibitors. This finding indicates that GSK3B and MEK/ERK act on Wnt signalling by distinct mechanisms, which can be independently targeted by small molecules. Although APC mutations remain the most important driver of Wnt signalling in CRC , many Wnt components can modulate the signal output in spite of APC truncations.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39238665199&p=1pl&v=1&x=mO4HLKWMzfNJB32xwCSFzA
10.1038/nature13665,Medicine_easy_244,"The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns.",This modification allowed us to perform the two different types of perturbation.,"The results showed that the subjects learned to generate some neural activity patterns more easily than others, since they only sometimes achieved accurate cursor movements. The harder-to-learn patterns were different from any of the pre-existing patterns, whereas the easier-to-learn patterns were combinations of pre-existing brain patterns. Because the existing brain patterns likely reflect how the neurons are interconnected, the results suggest that the connectivity among neurons shapes learning.","The data collected during the calibration sessions had 1,470 6 325 (monkey J, mean 6 standard deviation) and 1,379 6 157 (monkey L) samples. This modification allowed us to perform the two different types of perturbation. We observed that performance with our modified Kalman filter is qualitatively similar to performance with a standard Kalman filter (data not shown).",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/learning-flexible-cognition-755482/
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Medicine_easy_258,Note: material may have been edited for length and content.,"We looked at 304 SNPs within ATP11B and found seven SNPs, which were significantly associated with WMH (P < 0.05; fig.","This research in rats opens up new possibilities for developing therapies for cerebral small vessel disease."" Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.","5 , T and U), linking the upstream and downstream pathways and suggesting a similar mechanism of action to DM BMECs. We looked at 304 SNPs within ATP11B and found seven SNPs, which were significantly associated with WMH (P < 0.05; fig. After correcting for multiple testing, using spectral decomposition to determine the number of independent SNPs tested using the 1000 Genomes Project reference as a measure of linkage disequilibrium (41), we found one intronic SNP, which was associated with WMH burden: rs148771930 (P = 0.00025).",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34466178093&p=1pl&v=1&x=2le7-Zhx61T_1zbEKEPdzw
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Medicine_easy_265,"""First, more funding needs to be available to support research that is strengths-based.","Thus, men may have adaptive behaviors in common but may engage in these behaviors for different reasons.","Dacus provides some insight into what intentional engagement of these men might look like: ""Strengths-based approaches to HIV prevention will necessitate both consideration and inclusion of prevention research, policy, practices, programming, and interventions for black gay and bisexual men,"" he said. ""First, more funding needs to be available to support research that is strengths-based. What this will entail is for policymakers to recognize the gap in our research knowledge about how and why black gay and bisexual men are able to remain HIV negative in the face of such alarming seroprevalence.""","Of note, risk reduction, while it is ultimately driven by behaviors (e.g., not going to bathhouses) which are often codified into cognitive rules (e.g., ''I avoid bathhouses''), is supported by underlying beliefs, preferences and values (e.g., ''I avoid bathhouses because I'm scared of germs and places like that are filled with germs'' or ''I avoid the gay scene''). Thus, men may have adaptive behaviors in common but may engage in these behaviors for different reasons. The next step is filtering the partner pool down to a smaller set and screening potential candidates to fit personal preferences.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.019,Medicine_easy_268,"Those suffering from a deficiency can resort to diet change, take supplements or even get about 10-15 minutes of sun exposure every day.",Items in large type are the most potentially damaging agents in this diagram.,"It also prevents weight gain in women who have hit menopause. ""Adequate vitamin D serum levels are necessary to prevent free radical damage in brain and subsequent deleterious consequences."" Those suffering from a deficiency can resort to diet change, take supplements or even get about 10-15 minutes of sun exposure every day.","Increased tyrosine nitration was found by slot-blot analysis, increased iNOS levels were found by 1D Western blot analysis, and elevation of glycolytic enzymes and peroxidases was found by expression proteomics using brain samples of rats fed a control or low-VitD diet from middle age to old age. Items in large type are the most potentially damaging agents in this diagram. consequences .",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/5161/20131203/vitamin-d-linked-brain-damage.htm
10.1073/pnas.1510501113,Medicine_easy_271,The net result was no impact on revenues or profit.,"Relative to the standard discount treatment, the progressively deeper discounts drive quantity increases of 6.7%, 11.2%, and 44.9%, respectively.","Customers who made small and infrequent purchases tended to spend more when offered the largest quantity discounts, while customers who were already large buyers tended to spend less. The net result was no impact on revenues or profit. Data suggest some consumers who would have made small purchases were discouraged from doing so when faced with large quantity discounts.","The small differences in revenue across treatments disguise significant impacts on quantities purchased. Relative to the standard discount treatment, the progressively deeper discounts drive quantity increases of 6.7%, 11.2%, and 44.9%, respectively. (Consumers who respond to the discounts by buying larger quantities use the items they purchase quickly rather than saving them, even though the items are storable.)",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.futurity.org/games-volume-discounts-1198822-2/
10.1038/ncomms6199,Medicine_easy_272,"""While the findings were hard to derive, local institutions can now apply them quite easily by using readily available data, which helps a lot,"" says co-author Jose A. Marengo of the National Institute for Space Research in Sao Paulo, Brazil.",We emphasize that we did not train the proposed forecast rule in the sense of parameter optimization.,"The new method makes it possible to correctly predict 90 percent of extreme rainfall events in the Central Andes occurring during conditions of the El Nino weather phenomenon when floods are generally more frequent, and 60 percent of those occurring under any other conditions. ""While the findings were hard to derive, local institutions can now apply them quite easily by using readily available data, which helps a lot,"" says co-author Jose A. Marengo of the National Institute for Space Research in Sao Paulo, Brazil. It is now up to the affected countries to adapt their disaster preparation planning.""","We note that, while the mechanism responsible for these extreme rainfall events in the ECA was uncovered using network divergence, the conditions used for the forecast rule can be determined directly and with little computational efforts by spatially averaging rainfall and geopotential height data. We emphasize that we did not train the proposed forecast rule in the sense of parameter optimization. Instead, the rule is derived directly from the results of the network divergence analysis and we show that its forecast skill does not change rapidly when changing the conditions used to define prediction times.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141014085136.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Medicine_easy_282,"""It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments.""","This effect is also independent of blood pressure, because normotensive DM rats treated with H+H showed little improvement, and hypertensive DM rats treated with simvastatin and cilostazol showed significant improvements in pathology.","""This important research helps us understand why small vessel disease happens, providing a direct link between small blood vessels and changes in the brain that are linked to dementia,"" Dr. Anna Williams, group leader at the University of Edinburgh's Medical Research Council Center for Regenerative Medicine, said in a press release. ""It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments."" For the first time, researchers found how changes in the small blood vessels associated with SVD damage brain cells.","These data demonstrate that improving endothelial dysfunction reverses the oligodendroglial changes in DM rats in vivo, further demonstrating that these are secondary to endothelial dysfunction. This effect is also independent of blood pressure, because normotensive DM rats treated with H+H showed little improvement, and hypertensive DM rats treated with simvastatin and cilostazol showed significant improvements in pathology. We then filtered this resulting list of 32 genes further (Fig.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34474375107&p=1pl&v=1&x=6fzplwzc9pvP-p6ApV7XYg
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Medicine_easy_284,"For the first time, researchers found how changes in the small blood vessels associated with SVD damage brain cells.","3 , A to D) and more proliferation (Fig.","""It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments."" For the first time, researchers found how changes in the small blood vessels associated with SVD damage brain cells. Rats treated with endothelial cell-stabilizing drugs stopped the blood vessel cells from becoming dysfunctional.","2, O Fig. 3 , A to D) and more proliferation (Fig. Furthermore, ex vivo slice cultures grown in DM BMEC-CM contained more OPCs than slices grown in control BMEC-CM (Fig.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34474375107&p=1pl&v=1&x=6fzplwzc9pvP-p6ApV7XYg
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Medicine_easy_290,"""This important research helps us understand why small vessel disease happens, providing a direct link between small blood vessels and changes in the brain that are linked to dementia,"" Dr. Anna Williams, group leader at the University of Edinburgh's Medical Research Council Center for Regenerative Medicine, said in a press release.","Simvastatin, perindopril, and cilostazol reversed the increase in OPCs seen in untreated DM rats (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01, respectively; Fig.","""This important research helps us understand why small vessel disease happens, providing a direct link between small blood vessels and changes in the brain that are linked to dementia,"" Dr. Anna Williams, group leader at the University of Edinburgh's Medical Research Council Center for Regenerative Medicine, said in a press release. ""It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments."" For the first time, researchers found how changes in the small blood vessels associated with SVD damage brain cells.","Cilostazol showed trend effects only in the same direction. Simvastatin, perindopril, and cilostazol reversed the increase in OPCs seen in untreated DM rats (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01, respectively; Fig. In the case of simvastatin and perindopril, this is by both reducing the OPC differentiation block (P < 0.001 for both; Fig.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34474375107&p=1pl&v=1&x=6fzplwzc9pvP-p6ApV7XYg
10.1126/science.1245627,Medicine_easy_303,"What they saw also clarified how Env compares to envelope proteins on other dangerous viruses, such as flu and Ebola.",(E) bnAbs from (D) contain acidic HFR3 residues that interact with the basic residues in the highlighted area.,"They obtained new data, which helped them understand the process by which the Env trimer undergoes radical shape changes during infection. What they saw also clarified how Env compares to envelope proteins on other dangerous viruses, such as flu and Ebola. ""The new data ... have enabled us to explain many prior observations about HIV in structural terms for the first time,"" Dr. Jean-Philippe Julien, a senior research associate at Scripps, stated in a press release.","In addition to their previously known CD4bs epitopes, these bnAbs also interact with the V3 tip and proximal region near the protomer interface (red box). (E) bnAbs from (D) contain acidic HFR3 residues that interact with the basic residues in the highlighted area. Close-up views show the antibody HFR3 interactions with basic residues in the trimer highlighted in the red boxed regions in (D).",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.medicaldaily.com/aids-protein-cracked-hiv-vaccine-closer-sight-261729
10.1001/jama.2015.7046,Medicine_easy_345,"After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event.",Effective and relatively safe alternative options to vitamin K antagonist or no treatment were developing.,"In this high-risk population, extending anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6 months is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence as long as treatment is continued. After randomization, 4 patients were lost to follow-up, all after month 18, and 1 withdrew due to an adverse event. During the 18-month treatment period, the primary outcome (the composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding at 18 months after randomization) occurred in 6 of 184 patients (3 percent) in the warfarin group and in 25 of 187 patients (13.5 percent) in the placebo group, resulting in a relative risk reduction of 78 percent in favor of warfarin.","Although we originally intended 42 months of follow-up and although the data and safety monitoring committee had not recommended ending the study early, the steering committee decided that by April 2014 the overall rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism (not segregated by allocation group) during the 18-month treatment period and the 24-month follow-up period provided sufficient data to end the follow-up on October 1, 2014, even though some patients had not completed the full follow-up period. Effective and relatively safe alternative options to vitamin K antagonist or no treatment were developing. 11, [21] [22] [23] Furthermore, because the trial metrics allowed for early termination without compromising study integrity, the steering committee considered that the termination date change would not interfere with the trial's objectives and would expedite sharing information that may alter routine practice (see page 4 in Supplement 3).",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/benefit-of-extending-anticoagulation-therapy-lost-after-discontinuation-of-therapy
10.1098/rstb.2017.0052,Medicine_easy_359,"Teaching, he says, was a crucial part of the process.","Furthermore, we do not accept that language is primarily 'for' either thinking (as per the current Minimalist Grammar version of formalist linguistic theory) or communication, construed as exchanging coded meanings (as per the functionalist approach).","His research suggests that producing complex tools spurred an increase in brain size and other aspects of hominin evolution, including--perhaps--the emergence of language. But language couldn't just pop out fully formed, like Athena from the head of Zeus. Teaching, he says, was a crucial part of the process.","It does not postulate the existence of infinitely generative rules (a grammar), nor does it assume that people speak in complete, well-formed sentences that possess a uniquely linguistic kind of recursive structure. Furthermore, we do not accept that language is primarily 'for' either thinking (as per the current Minimalist Grammar version of formalist linguistic theory) or communication, construed as exchanging coded meanings (as per the functionalist approach). Rather, we assume that language constitutes a toolkit that effectively supports an individual in influencing the state and the behaviour of others (and perhaps also self; this notion is discussed, e.g.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34268371700&p=1pl&v=1&x=CgW15twy5K4fxtXjWGV7oA
10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0,Medicine_easy_371,The researchers thus provide a possible explanation for why these drugs are not effective in colorectal cancer.,As shown in Fig.,"The researchers thus provide a possible explanation for why these drugs are not effective in colorectal cancer. Depending on the Wnt activity, the cancer cells can switch back and forth between the stem cell state and a differentiated state. At the same time, the gene activity of the cancer cells changed to a stem cell-typical pattern.","AXIN1 is regulated by MEK inhibition. As shown in Fig. 5a , phospho-ERK and its downstream target phospho-RSK were reduced in trametinib treated cells, demonstrating effective inhibition of the RAS pathway.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39294832491&p=1pl&v=1&x=QJ8wnFvNi9c29ow9WS5NMA
10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.027,Medicine_easy_373,"Two amino acids make the difference

The scientists discovered that this difference can be attributed to the protein SLAC1 of the guard cells.",The HvSLAC1 P NO3 /P Cl calculated permeability ratio of 6.4 ± 0.8 indicates that the dicot and monocot GC anion channel would preferentially conduct nitrate when present in GCs at osmotically relevant quantities ( Figure S2B ).,"This could be important in the face of a growing world population and climate change that will entail more periods of dry and hot weather. Two amino acids make the difference

The scientists discovered that this difference can be attributed to the protein SLAC1 of the guard cells. Hedrich is convinced that a basic understanding of the molecular goings-on during ion transport through the plasma membrane of the guard cells is the key to improving the drought tolerance and yields of agricultural crop plants.",The Arabidopsis AtSLAC1 does not require extracellular nitrate for activation ( Figure S2A ) but has a strong permeably preference for nitrate over chloride . The HvSLAC1 P NO3 /P Cl calculated permeability ratio of 6.4 ± 0.8 indicates that the dicot and monocot GC anion channel would preferentially conduct nitrate when present in GCs at osmotically relevant quantities ( Figure S2B ). .).,[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33916009280&p=1pl&v=1&x=J2yH1d1Cq_320nDufGKa4w
10.1007/s00520-016-3394-9,Medicine_easy_381,"Some believe had they known about PFMT, they might have been able to cope better with their incontinence.","Yes, both to bike and ride are two things I can't do anymore, and it's a little sad, of course.","One disconcerting fact that came out of the data was that the women had not been told that incontinence was a possible side effect of gynecologic cancer, nor that PFMT during or after completing treatment could help. Some believe had they known about PFMT, they might have been able to cope better with their incontinence. Almost all of the women reported a willingness to spend at least 7 hours a week practicing PFMT exercises.","With good planning and the possibility of multiple breaks, they can perform physical exercises such as water aerobics. Yes, both to bike and ride are two things I can't do anymore, and it's a little sad, of course. (R4) Physical exercise in a group was said to be difficult to take part in, and some had stopped performing activities for this reason.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/incontinence-affects-qol-for-survivors-of-gynecologic-cancers/article/524433/
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Medicine_easy_398,"""Our findings must not discourage patients from receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy when it's indicated,"" adds the study's clinical team.","The average EV yield obtained from 4T1, PyMT-IK1, MDA-MD-231, E0771-LG, BMDCs and MEFs was 7.3, 0.8, 0.8, 1.8, 0.1 and 1 µ g (determined by BCA) per ml of cell culture medium, respectively.","These results may help to improve the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ""Our findings must not discourage patients from receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy when it's indicated,"" adds the study's clinical team. Note: material may have been edited for length and content.","+ ) by FACS. The average EV yield obtained from 4T1, PyMT-IK1, MDA-MD-231, E0771-LG, BMDCs and MEFs was 7.3, 0.8, 0.8, 1.8, 0.1 and 1 µ g (determined by BCA) per ml of cell culture medium, respectively. The average yield of purified EVs was 50 µ g per gram of tumour.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38137798805&p=1pl&v=1&x=Mx-te8jvmXTn1GLht1jmfg
10.1093/alcalc/agu018,Medicine_easy_401,"""Overall we found three in four participants perceived the adverts to breach at least one alcohol-specific rule in the BCAP Code.""","Overall, three in four participants perceived the advertisements to breach at least one alcohol-specific rule in the BCAP Code.","Rules about alcohol being presented as contributing to popularity or confidence, and implying that alcohol is capable of changing mood, physical condition or as nourishment were seen as being breached by over 50 per cent. ""Overall we found three in four participants perceived the adverts to breach at least one alcohol-specific rule in the BCAP Code."" **

Over half of participants perceived breaches of the rules which prohibit advertisements from implying that alcohol can contribute to popularity or confidence or that it was capable or changing mood, physical condition or behaviour.","There were no significant differences in the proportion of participants in each age group and of each gender who perceived the advertisements to breach at least one alcohol-specific guideline in the BCAP Code (all P > 0.05). Overall, three in four participants perceived the advertisements to breach at least one alcohol-specific rule in the BCAP Code. There was significant variation across advertisements in perceived compliance, with the proportion of perceived breaches ranging from 91% for Captain Morgan's Spiced to 49% for Disaronno Originale.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.healthcanal.com/substance-abuse/50604-public-perceive-alcohol-adverts-breach-regulatory-code-research-finds.html
10.1001/jama.2013.279201,Medicine_easy_403,The median disease-free survival was 13.4 months in the treatment group compared with 6.7 months in the observation group.,"The median disease-free survival was 13.4 (95% CI, 11.6-15.3) months in the treatment group compared with 6.7 (95% CI, 6.0-7.5) months in the observation group (hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.44-0.69]; P < .001).","The median (midpoint) follow-up time was 136 months (11.3 years). The median disease-free survival was 13.4 months in the treatment group compared with 6.7 months in the observation group. By the end of the follow-up period, 316 patients (89.3 percent) had died and 38 patients were still alive, 23 in the treatment group and 15 in the observation group.","The median follow-up time was 136 months. The median disease-free survival was 13.4 (95% CI, 11.6-15.3) months in the treatment group compared with 6.7 (95% CI, 6.0-7.5) months in the observation group (hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.44-0.69]; P < .001). Patients randomized to adjuvant gemcitabine treatment had prolonged overall survival compared with those randomized to observation alone (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61-0.95]; P = .01), with 5-year overall survival of 20.7% (95% CI, 14.7%-26.6%) vs 10.4% (95% CI, 5.9%-15.0%), respectively, and 10-year overall survival of 12.2% (95% CI, 7.3%-17.2%) vs 7.7% (95% CI, 3.6%-11.8%).",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131008165251.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1093/ntr/ntu166,Medicine_easy_413,"Among non-smoking youth who had ever used e-cigarettes, 43.9 percent said they intended to smoke conventional cigarettes within the next year, compared with 21.5 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes.","Among youth who had ever used e-cigarettes, 43.9% had intention to smoke conventional cigarettes within the next year compared with 21.5% of never ecigarette users.","Among non-smoking youth who had ever used e-cigarettes, 43.9 percent said they intended to smoke conventional cigarettes within the next year, compared with 21.5 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. In addition, exposure to pro-tobacco advertising was associated with the intention to smoke among U.S. middle and high school students who reported never smoking. ""We have to continue to focus on the fact that youth are still developing and therefore they are a vulnerable population; they are prone to experimenting and engaging in risk taking behaviors,"" Dube said.","In a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students who had never smoked cigarettes, we found that youth who had used e-cigarettes were nearly two times more likely to have intentions to smoke conventional cigarettes than youth who had never used e-cigarettes. Among youth who had ever used e-cigarettes, 43.9% had intention to smoke conventional cigarettes within the next year compared with 21.5% of never ecigarette users. Although the number of e-cigarette users who had never used cigarettes was small, the number increased 3-fold between 2011 and 2013.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140828184735.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1140,Medicine_easy_420,"The authors report that 57 of 128 patients (44.5 percent) had at least one abnormal bleeding pattern during the study, with no difference between the injury groups.","Fiftyseven of 128 patients (44.5%) had at least 1 abnormal bleeding pattern during the study period, with no difference between injury groups.","Survey responses resulted in 487 menstrual patterns in 128 patients (average age about 16). The authors report that 57 of 128 patients (44.5 percent) had at least one abnormal bleeding pattern during the study, with no difference between the injury groups. Among the 68 patients with concussion, 16 (23.5 percent) experienced two or more abnormal menstrual patterns during the study compared with 3 of the 60 patients (5 percent) with a nonhead orthopedic injury, according to the results.","Patients reported 2 to 6 bleeding patterns after injury. Fiftyseven of 128 patients (44.5%) had at least 1 abnormal bleeding pattern during the study period, with no difference between injury groups. Of the 68 patients who had a concussion, 16 (23.5%) experienced 2 or more abnormal bleeding patterns during the study period compared with 3 of 60 patients (5%) who had orthopedic injuries.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/is-concussion-associated-with-abnormal-menstrual-patterns-in-young-women-2/
10.1210/jc.2014-3415,Medicine_easy_427,"""In obese patients with T2DM requiring insulin therapy, we suggest adding at least one of the following: metformin, pramlintide (Symlin), or GLP-1 (glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor) agonists to mitigate associated weight gain due to insulin,"" they noted.","(|QQQE) 2.2 In obese patients with T2DM requiring insulin therapy, we suggest adding at least one of the following: metformin, pramlintide, or GLP- agonists to mitigate associated weight gain due to insulin.","In a recommendation based on moderate quality evidence, the task force suggests that patients with diabetes who are obese or overweight should be given medications that promote weight loss or have no effect on weight as first-and second-line treatments. ""In obese patients with T2DM requiring insulin therapy, we suggest adding at least one of the following: metformin, pramlintide (Symlin), or GLP-1 (glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor) agonists to mitigate associated weight gain due to insulin,"" they noted. Furthermore, the task force advises that ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers should be used as a first-line treatment for high blood pressure in obese people with type 2 diabetes.","Clinicians should discuss possible weight effects of glucose-lowering medications with patients and consider the use of antihyperglycemic medications that are weight neutral or promote weight loss. (|QQQE) 2.2 In obese patients with T2DM requiring insulin therapy, we suggest adding at least one of the following: metformin, pramlintide, or GLP- agonists to mitigate associated weight gain due to insulin. The first-line insulin for this type of patient should be basal insulin.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.pediatricnews.com/index.php?id=7810&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=374233&cHash=ea0657fd060418a402dd3341d8581f85
10.1001/jama.2014.14681,Medicine_easy_439,"Within 1 year, 845 patients died and 385 were rehospitalized for MI.","Within 1 year, 845 patients died and 385 were rehospitalized for MI.","During the study period, 37,674 patients underwent elective coronary angiography for indications related to CAD; of those, 22.3 percent had nonobstructive CAD and 55.4 percent had obstructive CAD. Within 1 year, 845 patients died and 385 were rehospitalized for MI. The researchers found that the 1-year MI risk progressively increased by the extent of CAD, rather than abruptly increasing between nonobstructive and obstructive CAD.","Within 1 year, 845 patients died and 385 were rehospitalized for MI. Among patients with no apparent CAD, the 1-year MI rate was 0.11% (n = 8, 95% CI, 0.10%-0.20%) and increased progressively by 1-vessel nonobstructive CAD, 0.24% (n = 10, 95% CI, 0.10%-0.40%); 2-vessel nonobstructive CAD, 0.56% (n = 13, 95% CI, 0.30%-1.00%); 3-vessel nonobstructive CAD, 0.59% (n = 6, 95% CI, 0.30%-1.30%); 1-vessel obstructive CAD, 1.18% (n = 101, 95% CI, 1.00%-1.40%); 2-vessel obstructive CAD, 2.18% (n = 110, 95% CI, 1.80%-2.60%); and 3-vessel or LM obstructive CAD, 2.47% (n = 137, 95% CI, 2.10%-2.90%). After adjustment, 1-year MI rates increased with increasing CAD extent.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141104163017.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1542/peds.2015-1727,Medicine_easy_467,This study is the first to show that HS students are using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis.,The current study is the first to demonstrate that HS students are using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis.,"These findings raise concerns about the lack of e-cigarette regulations and the potential use of e-cigarettes for purposes other than vaping nicotine,"" said the researchers in the journal. The researchers noted that future research is needed to determine whether e-cigarettes may serve as a ""gateway"" to cannabis use; future research should include more variables (such as race); and future research should be done to determine if the rates are higher in states where marijuana use is legalized. This study is the first to show that HS students are using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis.","Using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis did not differ significantly by students' SES (P = .23). The current study is the first to demonstrate that HS students are using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis. Of central importance, rates of using e-cigarettes to vaporize cannabis were high among all students who had ever tried an e-cigarette, among all students who had tried any form of cannabis, and among the subsample of students who had experimented with the combination of e-cigarettes and cannabis (.4% of the total sample, 18.0% of lifetime e-cigarette users, 18.4% of lifetime cannabis users, and 26.% of lifetime dual users).",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://www.parentherald.com/articles/9780/20150908/teens-are-now-vaping-marijuana-study-finds.htm
10.1016/j.cgh.2019.05.050,Medicine_easy_468,"However, ""By showing that reductions in portal pressure induced by NSBB-based pharmacologic therapy improve outcomes and decrease mortality, our study supports the use of NSBB in all clinical settings (primary or secondary prophylaxis) and in both patients with or without ascites,"" they concluded.","By showing that reductions in portal pressure induced by NSBBbased pharmacologic therapy improve outcomes and decrease mortality, our study supports the use of NSBB in all clinical settings (primary or secondary prophylaxis) and in both patients with or without ascites.","The study findings were limited by several factors, including the use of retrospective data from prospective studies, and the incomplete collection of data on the variables of comorbidities, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other predictive scores; alcohol use or abstinence was a potential confounder as well, the researchers noted. However, ""By showing that reductions in portal pressure induced by NSBB-based pharmacologic therapy improve outcomes and decrease mortality, our study supports the use of NSBB in all clinical settings (primary or secondary prophylaxis) and in both patients with or without ascites,"" they concluded. They found no heterogeneity among the studies included in the analysis.","Importantly, achieving an HVPG response improves survival in patients with ascites and a previous episode of bleeding who are notoriously those patients with the poorest survival rate. By showing that reductions in portal pressure induced by NSBBbased pharmacologic therapy improve outcomes and decrease mortality, our study supports the use of NSBB in all clinical settings (primary or secondary prophylaxis) and in both patients with or without ascites. 2321  2322  2323  2324  2325  2326  2327  2328  2329  2330  2331  2332  2333  2334  2335  2336  2337  2338  2339  2340  2341  2342  2343  2344  2345  2346  2347  2348  2349  2350  2351  2352  2353  2354  2355  2356  2357  2358  2359  2360  2361  2362  2363  2364  2365  2366  2367  2368  2369  2370  2371  2372  2373  2374  2375  2376  2377  2378  2379  2380  2381  2382  2383",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39993353341&p=1pl&v=1&x=G2nhXrOD4sWv6VufASskGA
10.1111/jth.13811,Medicine_easy_469,"""Prophylaxis versus OD in adults with severe hemophilia A and arthropathy led to decreased bleeding, pain, and HRU, better joint health, activity, satisfaction, and HRQoL, but no reduction in structural arthropathy progression, suggesting preexisting joint arthropathy may be irreversible,"" the authors write.","Conclusions: Over a period of 3 years, prophylaxis versus OD in adults with severe hemophilia A and arthropathy led to decreased bleeding, pain, and HRU, better joint health, activity, satisfaction, and HRQoL, but no reduction in structural arthropathy progression, suggesting that preexisting joint arthropathy may be irreversible.","There was no difference in magnetic resonance imaging score changes for prophylaxis versus OD. ""Prophylaxis versus OD in adults with severe hemophilia A and arthropathy led to decreased bleeding, pain, and HRU, better joint health, activity, satisfaction, and HRQoL, but no reduction in structural arthropathy progression, suggesting preexisting joint arthropathy may be irreversible,"" the authors write. Several authors disclosed financial ties to pharmaceutical companies, including Bayer AG, which funded the study.","• Prophylaxis improved function, quality of life, activity and pain but not joint structure by MRI. Conclusions: Over a period of 3 years, prophylaxis versus OD in adults with severe hemophilia A and arthropathy led to decreased bleeding, pain, and HRU, better joint health, activity, satisfaction, and HRQoL, but no reduction in structural arthropathy progression, suggesting that preexisting joint arthropathy may be irreversible. • Prophylaxis improved function, quality of life, activity and pain but not joint structure by MRI.",[5],Medicine,val,5.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/prophylaxis-linked-to-improved-function-hrqol-in-hemophilia/
10.1186/2193-1801-3-223,Medicine_easy_509,Scientists revealed the existence of cross-national differences.,"This may occur at schools, at home, at the work place, in the neighborhood, sport clubs, and other areas where people meet.","This research differs from the preceding explorations at least in one respect. Scientists revealed the existence of cross-national differences. ,,Strong differences are found between nations both in the importance ratings of all virtues and in the frequencies of the freely

mentioned virtues by respondents want to put into practice,"" psychologists say.","These results suggest that people within a nation reinforce virtues in daily encounters. This may occur at schools, at home, at the work place, in the neighborhood, sport clubs, and other areas where people meet. They transcend values that are propagated by political parties or religious groups.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.technology.org/2014/05/06/virtues-national-universal/
10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.002,Medicine_easy_516,"For more about the new center, see this article on the CHOP Research Institute blog.","Many of these variants are associated with GWAS signals, suggesting a ubiquitous contribution of alternative splicing to phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility in human populations.","Working in a large pediatric hospital, he says he will apply his expertise in investigating the underexplored roles of RNA defects to help drive new discoveries in children's health. ""We are excited that he and his team will enhance one of our core missions--using collaborative data to benefit children and families worldwide."" For more about the new center, see this article on the CHOP Research Institute blog.","Thus, this study offers an important proof of concept that alternative splicing analysis via the integration of RNA-seq with exome or genome sequencing improves disease diagnosis. Many of these variants are associated with GWAS signals, suggesting a ubiquitous contribution of alternative splicing to phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility in human populations. These genetically regulated, GWAS-associated mRNA isoforms are prime candidates for functional studies of alternative splicing.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37678961115&p=1pl&v=1&x=Q1AAtxbbe_PosFMaO4DF-w
10.1038/s41467-019-09442-0,Medicine_easy_519,We now believe the new facility is unique within Central Africa.,Adult motility under the skin of recipient mice was frequently evident (Supplementary Movie 3).,This scientific and capacity-strengthening research was only possible through grant funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges Fund. We now believe the new facility is unique within Central Africa. It is gratifying that the new loiaisis preclinical testing models are operational within the disease endemic setting and with our support are being run on the ground by a Cameroonian scientific team.,"Further, microfilaraemias in BALB/c RAG −/− γc −/− mice 5 months post infection were apparent ( Supplementary Fig. Adult motility under the skin of recipient mice was frequently evident (Supplementary Movie 3). 1e ; Supplementary Fig.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38872740754&p=1pl&v=1&x=msbOikZkOKzzEtoL_tDmxQ
10.1007/s10508-015-0546-9,Medicine_easy_527,The light of truth has not fully dispelled the darkness.,"It is interesting within this syndemic framework to note that from a consideration of CSA alone, relationships to major psychological,substance use, and sexual health impairments emerge, without reference to other developmental challenges and independent of adult PTSD (which was covaried in these analyses).","Many years pass before Diaz finally ""stumbled upon a great therapist."" The light of truth has not fully dispelled the darkness. The abuser of his boyhood continues to exert power over the man because the secrecy continues to fuel the shame.","Our findings,that characteristics (i.e., complexities) of CSA are strongly related to increased odds of meeting diagnostic criteria for current PTSD in adulthood and relationships between these characteristics and impairment, independent of PTSD, allow us to suggest that CSA-related PTSD is one of the mechanisms of syndemic productionratherthanCSAitself.Moreaccurately,CSArepresents adevelopmentalvulnerabilityforgay,bisexual,andothermenwho have sex with men, which contributes to the mechanisms of syndemic production that may or may not include adult post-traumatic stress responses. It is interesting within this syndemic framework to note that from a consideration of CSA alone, relationships to major psychological,substance use, and sexual health impairments emerge, without reference to other developmental challenges and independent of adult PTSD (which was covaried in these analyses). These findings underscore the enduring, damaging, and often devastating effects, across multiple areas of adult functioning, of sexual trauma perpetrated on gay and bisexual young boys and emerging adolescents.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33841477400&p=1pl&v=1&x=U-TVPP31C9NWuj0JWzooug
10.1073/pnas.1608077113,Medicine_easy_534,"But much more must be done, say the authors.",Sporadic MSI-H CRCs that arise from sessile serrated adenomas demonstrate FS mutations at the same hotspot microsatellite loci as in LS CRC.,"It does so countless times every day in all of us. But much more must be done, say the authors. Both should be dramatically expanded to cancer prevention, the authors write.","This approach would also facilitate vaccine-based prevention for sporadic MSI-H carcinogenesis, which is implicated in subsets of many cancers . Sporadic MSI-H CRCs that arise from sessile serrated adenomas demonstrate FS mutations at the same hotspot microsatellite loci as in LS CRC. Although LS awareness is increasing the use of universal tumor testing of CRC (and now endometrial) specimens for MSI-H/ MMR-D and access to NGS germ-line testing, implementation is a major challenge.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/bBH2sobWUD4/
10.1038/s41467-018-05266-6,Medicine_easy_541,The finding of the connection between low PTEN levels and reduced response to radiation therapy.,"These data, combined with the selective increase in EGF-specific ligands in PTEN-null fibroblasts, strongly support direct paracrine activation of epithelial EGFR as the primary signaling nexus resulting in the observed genomic instability; however, it is certainly likely that both EGFR/EGFR homo-and EGFR/ErbB2 hetero-dimers are involved given co-expression and the known importance of dimerization in ErbB signaling .","When the PTEN level is low in the breast cancer connective tissue cells, the tumor cells have a high degree of genetic instability. The finding of the connection between low PTEN levels and reduced response to radiation therapy. ""This allows for a multi-pronged attack on the tumor, by predicting who will respond the best to radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy and other targeted treatments"" says Ostrowski.","In evaluating treatment efficacy, we observed a reduction in epithelial EGFR activity with both compounds, while ErbB2 was inhibited by CP-724,714, not erlotinib. These data, combined with the selective increase in EGF-specific ligands in PTEN-null fibroblasts, strongly support direct paracrine activation of epithelial EGFR as the primary signaling nexus resulting in the observed genomic instability; however, it is certainly likely that both EGFR/EGFR homo-and EGFR/ErbB2 hetero-dimers are involved given co-expression and the known importance of dimerization in ErbB signaling . While beyond the scope of our current work, we also cannot rule out the possible involvement of the other ErbB family members, ErbB and ErbB4.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34696555490&p=1pl&v=1&x=xPS3O54WnvnGJ-gjegdYOQ
10.1126/science.1216765,Medicine_easy_555,"If the finding holds up, it would sever any connection between ordinary superconductors, such as lead and niobium, and the high-temperature materials.","The independent variation of T e,b is expected to induce different modifications of the dielectric function.","If the finding holds up, it would sever any connection between ordinary superconductors, such as lead and niobium, and the high-temperature materials. At low temperatures, there isn't enough energy around to do that, so the pairs glide through unimpeded. The team was also able to trace the reaction not only in time, but also as a function of the frequency of the reflected light.","where Ψ is the Digamma function obtained by integrating the Fermi-Dirac functions and N (Ω, T b ) the Bose distribution at temperature T b , can be decomposed into different terms depending on the electronic (T e ) and bosonic (T b ) temperatures. The independent variation of T e,b is expected to induce different modifications of the dielectric function. Figure 1 shows the expected relative variation of the reflectivity, i.e., δR/R (ω, T )= [R (ω, T + δT )-R (ω, T )]/R (ω, T ), in the quasi-thermal (δT e =δT b >0) and non-thermal (δT e >0, δT b =0) scenarios.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://news.sciencemag.org/2012/03/final-answer-how-high-temperature-superconductors-dont-work
10.1038/s41598-019-41140-1,Medicine_easy_575,This is not good enough and so we are delighted to support this research that has led to these fascinating findings.,Anti-inflammatory activity of cordycepin is evident in murine macrophages in vitro and attributed to the repression of NF-ĸB dependent gene expression .,"The results from this new research provides the possibility of a more effective treatment for osteoarthritis suffers that is less toxic, so will have reduced side effects for patients. This is not good enough and so we are delighted to support this research that has led to these fascinating findings. Although in its early stages, the study has great potential for helping people suffering pain of musculoskeletal conditions and demonstrates the high value and impact of novel discovery-led research on understanding and treating diseases.""","Synovial inflammation is associated with cartilage damage and bone changes in OA, and is significantly associated with joint pain. Anti-inflammatory activity of cordycepin is evident in murine macrophages in vitro and attributed to the repression of NF-ĸB dependent gene expression . Identification of the mechanisms driving synovial inflammation have the potential to reveal new targets to relieve OA pain.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38818296077&p=1pl&v=1&x=ap8P1a0fRIvaeXZxZoDwNA
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1488,Medicine_easy_593,"If using vape devices for flavors is normalized among teens, Volkow says, then ""it's much easier to do that transition of using them and combining them with nicotine,"" which is highly addictive.","We further explore this sensitivity in eFigure 3, Panels C and D. As the probability of publishing the study with the largest standard error decreases from 100% to 40%, the estimated adjusted pooled odds ratio deceases from 3.57 (e 1.27 ) to 2.59 (e 0.95 ; eFigure 3, Panel C).","""That's how the addiction process is triggered and initiated, so that is definitely an area of concern,"" she continues. If using vape devices for flavors is normalized among teens, Volkow says, then ""it's much easier to do that transition of using them and combining them with nicotine,"" which is highly addictive. And accessibility matters: high school seniors in states with medical marijuana laws are more likely to have vaped or consumed marijuana than those in states without such laws, according to the report.","The contour plot (eFigure 3, Panel B) suggests that the estimated adjusted pooled odds ratio from the meta-analysis may be sensitive (i.e., varies between 0.7 and 1.25) to the range of ( 0 ,  1 ) values. We further explore this sensitivity in eFigure 3, Panels C and D. As the probability of publishing the study with the largest standard error decreases from 100% to 40%, the estimated adjusted pooled odds ratio deceases from 3.57 (e 1.27 ) to 2.59 (e 0.95 ; eFigure 3, Panel C). Notably, the confidence interval of the adjusted pooled odds ratio remains above 1 (i.e., confidence interval of log odds ratio remains above 0) across the range of probabilities of publishing the study with the largest standard error.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32777076938&p=1pl&v=1&x=-4YZQIw6XWtut08F_lvhVA
10.1136/bjsm.2009.065557,Medicine_easy_605,"""I'm surprised that I haven't lost more weight than I have,"" says Pizarro of his 48-pound loss over two and a half years since he started running.",Non-responders -6.0 -4.3,"Pizarro was so famished in the weeks following his marathon that he indulged himself in dinners of bread sticks and seafood Alfredo and gained 10 pounds. ""I'm surprised that I haven't lost more weight than I have,"" says Pizarro of his 48-pound loss over two and a half years since he started running. ""I've come so far.","Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) Responders -2.9 -1.9 Non-responders -6.0 -4.3 For both groups, exercise-induced statistically significant changes in all variables; however, none of the differences between the groups were statistically significant.",[1],Medicine,val,1.0,news,http://www.today.com/health/i-felt-superman-plus-size-marathon-runners-defy-odds-1D80252070
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Biology_106,"""We showed that the SMCHD1 protein influences gene expression by regulating the folding of the inactive X chromosome into its unique conformation, which prevents expression of its genes,"" says Chen-Yu Wang, MD, of the MGH Department of Molecular Biology , lead author of the Cell paper.",We conclude that SMCHD1 plays a critical role in organizing Xi structures by merging chromatin compartments.,"""We showed that the SMCHD1 protein influences gene expression by regulating the folding of the inactive X chromosome into its unique conformation, which prevents expression of its genes,"" says Chen-Yu Wang, MD, of the MGH Department of Molecular Biology , lead author of the Cell paper. ""Mutations in SMCHD1 are associated with several human diseases, including a severe form of muscular dystrophy and a syndrome in which an infant's nose fails to develop. Our finding suggests that misfolded chromatin -- the chromosomal structure consisting of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones -- may play a role in those diseases.""","SMCHD1 depletion thus revealed a tendency of Xist-rich and Xist-poor chromatin to form distinct spatial compartments, a hidden layer of architectural organization obscured on the normal Xi. We conclude that SMCHD1 plays a critical role in organizing Xi structures by merging chromatin compartments. Interestingly, however, by employing in situ Hi-C, we observed clearly discernible TADs, albeit weak, across the entire Xi of WT NPCs at 40-kb resolution (Figures 5A and S4C) .","[2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,2.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34247911099&p=1pl&v=1&x=jy47GGI5GePjsmLvEf0-5Q
10.1098/rspb.2013.2582,Biology_109,"Compared to wild moths, domesticated silkmoths seem to have less ability to smell environmental odours with their antennae and to locate host plants due to several millennia in captivity.","Hence, changes in the neural coding of environmental odorants in domesticated silkmoth females could occur because they had no impact on the survival of offspring.","These patterns were highly variable among individuals of domesticated silkmoths but were largely constant in their wild ancestor group as well as in four other insect species. Compared to wild moths, domesticated silkmoths seem to have less ability to smell environmental odours with their antennae and to locate host plants due to several millennia in captivity. On the other side, perception of the female-produced attractant bombykol in Bombyx mori males is unabated, although it is not necessary anymore to find the females, as they are presented to the males by the breeders.","In B. mori females, however, the olfactory code was much more variable from individual to individual than in the five other insect species investigated and was thus less reliable. Hence, changes in the neural coding of environmental odorants in domesticated silkmoth females could occur because they had no impact on the survival of offspring. Thus, the amplitude of antennal responses (linked to the W chromosome) and the representation of odours in the brain (not linked to the W chromosome) seem to be controlled by genes located on different chromosomes.","[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.8,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131121103838.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1073/pnas.1423995112,Biology_126,"Co-author Dr Palmer said: ""Our research has shown that non-native plants are less widespread than native species, and are not increasing any more than native plants.","First, non-native plant species that were established in the past should be continuing to increase more than native species.","Co-author Dr Palmer said: ""Our research has shown that non-native plants are less widespread than native species, and are not increasing any more than native plants. It therefore seems likely that factors other than plant invasions are the main causes of vegetation change."" The study found that locations with high diversity of non-native species also support high diversity of native species, suggesting that high diversities of native and non-native plant species are compatible with one another.","However, it is possible to evaluate two conditions that need to be met if past introductions are likely to cause future extinctions. First, non-native plant species that were established in the past should be continuing to increase more than native species. In contrast, if cover changes of native species are larger than those of the non-natives, it implies that other environmental drivers feature more strongly than biological invasions in altering the composition of communities.","[4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150323150617.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_environment+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Environment+News%29
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_128,"""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today -- quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution.""","Clades characterized by major phenotypic innovations often exhibit higher rates of evolution initially (e.g., [42]); if this pattern characterized most metazoan phyla, rates in the Cambrian would be uniformly elevated .","""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today -- quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution."" Their modelling showed that moderately accelerated evolution was sufficient to explain the seemingly sudden appearance of many groups of advanced animals in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion. ""It was during this Cambrian period that many of the most familiar traits associated with this group of animals evolved, like a hard exoskeleton, jointed legs, and compound (multi-faceted) eyes that are shared by all arthropods.","Typical directional selection can increase phenotypic evolutionary rates by orders of magnitude over short timescales , and even conserved genomic regions can exhibit 10-fold differences in evolutionary rates in living sister lineages . While this study examined only arthropods, the patterns found here may be general across other metazoan groups, though broader taxonomic studies are required. Clades characterized by major phenotypic innovations often exhibit higher rates of evolution initially (e.g., [42]); if this pattern characterized most metazoan phyla, rates in the Cambrian would be uniformly elevated .","[2.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130912131753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_135,"Some stages of the biological changes during this period took about 30 million years, others took about 5-10 million years.","Clades characterized by major phenotypic innovations often exhibit higher rates of evolution initially (e.g., [42]); if this pattern characterized most metazoan phyla, rates in the Cambrian would be uniformly elevated .","According to the experts, a moderate increase in rate of evolution explains how life made the jump from simple to complex systems, without contradicting Darwin's theory of evolution. Some stages of the biological changes during this period took about 30 million years, others took about 5-10 million years. ""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today - quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution,"" Lee said.","Typical directional selection can increase phenotypic evolutionary rates by orders of magnitude over short timescales , and even conserved genomic regions can exhibit 10-fold differences in evolutionary rates in living sister lineages . While this study examined only arthropods, the patterns found here may be general across other metazoan groups, though broader taxonomic studies are required. Clades characterized by major phenotypic innovations often exhibit higher rates of evolution initially (e.g., [42]); if this pattern characterized most metazoan phyla, rates in the Cambrian would be uniformly elevated .","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.5,news,http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/3959/20130913/researchers-solve-darwins-dilemma-estimating-rate-evolution-during-cambrian-explosion.htm
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_137,Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction.,Wood harvested to create the open and savanna structures can be used for construction products and wood energy and to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic fires-all of which save CO 2 and FF.,"About 12 percent to 19 percent of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved including savings achieved because scrap wood and unsellable materials could be burned for energy, replacing fossil fuel consumption. Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.","Maximum forest carbon will not create maximum biodiversity since savanna, open, and dense structures sequester less CO 2 than understory and complex ones. Wood harvested to create the open and savanna structures can be used for construction products and wood energy and to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic fires-all of which save CO 2 and FF. When regrowth after harvest is considered, even wood harvested just for energy (energy pathway) can be more efficient for CO 2 sequestration than not harvesting the forest and using FF for energy.","[3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.25,news,http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20140401-using-more-wood-for-construction-will-reduce-reliance-on-fossil-fuels
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_154,"Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.",The greatest CO 2 and FF savings from wood use are by avoiding the excess FF energy used to make steel and concrete structures (avoidance pathway).,"Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest. ""This study shows still another reason to appreciate forests -- and another reason to not let them be permanently cleared for agriculture,"" said Chadwick Oliver, the Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies, director of the Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry at F&ES and lead author of the new study.","Consequently, efficient wood use could make an important but not overwhelming contribution to saving CO 2 and FF globally, even if only part of its potential savings were realized. The greatest CO 2 and FF savings from wood use are by avoiding the excess FF energy used to make steel and concrete structures (avoidance pathway). Wood products are more efficient than wood energy for CO 2 and FF savings; however, up to 37 % of the world's annual CO 2 emissions and 27% of the FF use could be saved if all wood growth not used in construction were used for energy (energy pathway; Figure 6b-c) .","[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.25,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_163,"""It was during this Cambrian period that many of the most familiar traits associated with this group of animals evolved, like a hard exoskeleton, jointed legs, and compound (multi-faceted) eyes that are shared by all arthropods.","The elevated Cambrian rates of phenotypic evolution are unlikely to be an artifact of oversampling of characters changing on early arthropod branches, for two reasons.","Their modelling showed that moderately accelerated evolution was sufficient to explain the seemingly sudden appearance of many groups of advanced animals in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion. ""It was during this Cambrian period that many of the most familiar traits associated with this group of animals evolved, like a hard exoskeleton, jointed legs, and compound (multi-faceted) eyes that are shared by all arthropods. We even find the first appearance in the fossil record of the antenna that insects, millipedes and lobsters all have, and the earliest biting jaws.""","Such scenarios do not predict that genes involved in basic metabolic and cellular processes common to all panarthropods should have faster evolutionary rates in earlier panarthropod lineages. The elevated Cambrian rates of phenotypic evolution are unlikely to be an artifact of oversampling of characters changing on early arthropod branches, for two reasons. Second, the molecular data exhibit an almost identical Cambrian rate burst yet cannot suffer such ascertainment bias (because gene sequencing samples every single nucleotide in a gene region, not just sites changing on particular branches).","[3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.5,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130912131753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Biology_167,"They then found that the loss of SMCHD1 prevented the spreading of Xist across the chromosome and kept the two large domains, which the team named S1 and S2 compartments, from being merged into the typical compartment-less inactive X structure.","With its ATPase domain Chen et al., 2016) , SMCHD1 might serve as Xist's engine to drive attenuation of both compartments and TADs to complete the final Xi transformation.","The team's experiments in mouse cells first confirmed that the presence of SMCHD1 was necessary for the silencing of a large subset of genes on the inactive X chromosome. They then found that the loss of SMCHD1 prevented the spreading of Xist across the chromosome and kept the two large domains, which the team named S1 and S2 compartments, from being merged into the typical compartment-less inactive X structure. By bridging the S1 and S2 compartments, SMCHD1 was found to induce their merging into the conformation that prevents gene expression.","This idea is supported by the nearly homogeneous distribution of SMCHD1 on the Xi, contacting both S1 and S2 compartments ( Figure 6 ). With its ATPase domain Chen et al., 2016) , SMCHD1 might serve as Xist's engine to drive attenuation of both compartments and TADs to complete the final Xi transformation. Future work will test our stepwise folding Origami Model.","[3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.333333333333333,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34247911099&p=1pl&v=1&x=jy47GGI5GePjsmLvEf0-5Q
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_178,"When the transport and assembly of steel, concrete, and brick products is considered, its share of fossil fuel burning is closer to 20 percent to 30 percent, Oliver said.",Harvesting sustainably across a landscape creates no net loss in forest carbon because the same amount of wood is harvested each year as growth.,"""This study shows still another reason to appreciate forests -- and another reason to not let them be permanently cleared for agriculture,"" said Chadwick Oliver, the Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies, director of the Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry at F&ES and lead author of the new study. When the transport and assembly of steel, concrete, and brick products is considered, its share of fossil fuel burning is closer to 20 percent to 30 percent, Oliver said. According to Oliver, carefully managed harvesting also reduces the likelihood of catastrophic wildfires.","It also shows the MAI and cumulative carbon sequestered in stems on the average hectare of the forest (assuming total forest carbon is proportional to stem carbon, described earlier). Harvesting sustainably across a landscape creates no net loss in forest carbon because the same amount of wood is harvested each year as growth. However, the amount of wood that can be harvested sustainably-and the amount of wood products to save CO 2 (and FF)-varies considerably depending on the target harvest age in a regulated forest (Figure 9 ), even though all harvest ages could be sustainable.","[1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.75,news,http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20140401-using-more-wood-for-construction-will-reduce-reliance-on-fossil-fuels
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Biology_182,"They then found that the loss of SMCHD1 prevented the spreading of Xist across the chromosome and kept the two large domains, which the team named S1 and S2 compartments, from being merged into the typical compartment-less inactive X structure.","We speculate that, when Xist spreads from A to adjoining B compartments, S1 and S2 structures are formed.","The team's experiments in mouse cells first confirmed that the presence of SMCHD1 was necessary for the silencing of a large subset of genes on the inactive X chromosome. They then found that the loss of SMCHD1 prevented the spreading of Xist across the chromosome and kept the two large domains, which the team named S1 and S2 compartments, from being merged into the typical compartment-less inactive X structure. By bridging the S1 and S2 compartments, SMCHD1 was found to induce their merging into the conformation that prevents gene expression.","Furthermore, S1/S2 compartments sometimes resemble fusions of several consecutive A/B compartments ( Figure 7B , dotted arrows). We speculate that, when Xist spreads from A to adjoining B compartments, S1 and S2 structures are formed. The creation of S1/S2 structures does not require SMCHD1, as SMCHD1 is not enriched on the Xi during this transitional stage.","[4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34247911099&p=1pl&v=1&x=jy47GGI5GePjsmLvEf0-5Q
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_183,"Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.",Wood harvested to create the open and savanna structures can be used for construction products and wood energy and to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic fires-all of which save CO 2 and FF.,"Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest. ""This study shows still another reason to appreciate forests -- and another reason to not let them be permanently cleared for agriculture,"" said Chadwick Oliver, the Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies, director of the Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry at F&ES and lead author of the new study.","Maximum forest carbon will not create maximum biodiversity since savanna, open, and dense structures sequester less CO 2 than understory and complex ones. Wood harvested to create the open and savanna structures can be used for construction products and wood energy and to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic fires-all of which save CO 2 and FF. When regrowth after harvest is considered, even wood harvested just for energy (energy pathway) can be more efficient for CO 2 sequestration than not harvesting the forest and using FF for energy.","[2.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/s41598-019-42900-9,Biology_184,"The study showed that in animals that had previously been infected with a gut worm, the spread of the prions to the brain was reduced, delaying the onset of disease.","Since the lambs in the above study 65 were co-infected with T. circumcincta long after prion neuroinvasion from the intestine is likely to have occurred 62 , the reduced survival times are unlikely to be a consequence of effects of the parasite infection on the uptake or accumulation of the prions within the GALT.","The study shows how the progression of prion diseases to the brain is slowed if animals have previously been infected with a gut worm. The study showed that in animals that had previously been infected with a gut worm, the spread of the prions to the brain was reduced, delaying the onset of disease. The team observed that previous infection with a gut worm reduced this accumulation, hindering the ability of the prions to then spread to the brain where they cause damage to nerve cells.","Treatments that can delay the accumulation of prions in the GALT do not influence disease pathogenesis once neuroinvasion has occurred and the prions have established infection in the peripheral nervous system 5 . Since the lambs in the above study 65 were co-infected with T. circumcincta long after prion neuroinvasion from the intestine is likely to have occurred 62 , the reduced survival times are unlikely to be a consequence of effects of the parasite infection on the uptake or accumulation of the prions within the GALT. However, it is plausible that the parasite-mediated damage to the abomasum stimulated the systemic release of inflammatory mediators that exacerbated the development of neuropathology within the CNS 68 .","[3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39378222543&p=1pl&v=1&x=jfJUiwsMZ45C94TbLKElNQ
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018,Biology_189,"""We hope that these new findings will help group individuals with ASD based upon their genetic causes and lead to earlier diagnosis, and smarter, more focused therapies and interventions for autism spectrum disorders,"" said first author Dalila Pinto, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.","Taken together, our results suggest that rare variants affecting ASD risk in the population collectively encompass hundreds of genes.","Individuals with ASD carried more of these CNVs than individuals in the control group, and some of them were inherited while others were only present in offspring with ASD. By further aggregating CNVs and SNVs (the latter identified in other studies), Mount Sinai researchers discovered many additional genes and pathways involved in ASD. ""We hope that these new findings will help group individuals with ASD based upon their genetic causes and lead to earlier diagnosis, and smarter, more focused therapies and interventions for autism spectrum disorders,"" said first author Dalila Pinto, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.","Whereas the majority of the 97 genes in the CNV or SNV network (not including the genes already known to be involved in ASD) most likely act via haploinsufficiency, a few are affected by duplications. Our findings implicate many ASD candidate genes altered by de novo, inherited, or X-linked CNVs (e.g., SETD5, miR137, and HDAC9 [MIM 606543]; Supplemental Data section ''Highlighted Genes'') or altered by both de novo CNVs and LoF SNVs (e.g., RIMS1, TRIP12, and DLL1; Figures 4B and 5 ). Taken together, our results suggest that rare variants affecting ASD risk in the population collectively encompass hundreds of genes.","[3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.25,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/mount-sinai-researchers-identify-genetic-alterations-in-shared-biological-pathways-as-major-risk-factor-for-autism-spectrum-disorder
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_190,"Despite an established forest conservation theory holding that tree harvesting should be strictly minimized to prevent the loss of biodiversity and to maintain carbon storage capacity, the new study shows that sustainable management of wood resources can achieve both goals while also reducing fossil fuel burning.","With efficient product use and harvesting, more CO 2 is saved in the avoided emissions, products, and wood energy than is lost instantaneously from the harvested forest.","Despite an established forest conservation theory holding that tree harvesting should be strictly minimized to prevent the loss of biodiversity and to maintain carbon storage capacity, the new study shows that sustainable management of wood resources can achieve both goals while also reducing fossil fuel burning. They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34% or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

* Between 14% and 31% of global CO 2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO 2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors. * About 12% to 19% of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved including savings achieved because scrap wood and unsellable materials could be burned for energy, replacing fossil fuel consumption.","A wide range of savings can be obtained depending on the specific wood building material, the nonwood product being replaced, the amount of harvest that can be used for products (merchantable logs), and the efficiency of burning the scrap-wood and unmerchantable logs for energy. With efficient product use and harvesting, more CO 2 is saved in the avoided emissions, products, and wood energy than is lost instantaneously from the harvested forest. Energy from burning the nonproduct scrap-wood and unmerchantable wood contributes an additional CO 2 and FF savings during the manufacture of wood products (Figure 5a-b) , but not as effectively as if this wood had been used to make most products.","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.6666666666666665,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_214,"They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34 percent or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

Between 14 percent and 31 percent of global CO2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors.","Other concerns of nutrient depletion by forest harvest can be partly mitigated by avoiding removal of tree foliage, buds, small twigs, roots, and the Forest CO 2 Sequestration, Forest Growth, and Wood Use Interactions","Despite an established forest conservation theory holding that tree harvesting should be strictly minimized to prevent the loss of biodiversity and to maintain carbon storage capacity, the study shows that sustainable management of wood resources can achieve both goals while also reducing fossil fuel burning. They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34 percent or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

Between 14 percent and 31 percent of global CO2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors. emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors.","In the process, the wood removed could be used for construction and energy to save FF CO 2 and FF energy. Other concerns of nutrient depletion by forest harvest can be partly mitigated by avoiding removal of tree foliage, buds, small twigs, roots, and the Forest CO 2 Sequestration, Forest Growth, and Wood Use Interactions For those forests that do not burn in catastrophic fires, the carbon change in the forest can be included in the CO 2 analyses (Figure 7a-b) .","[4.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20140401-using-more-wood-for-construction-will-reduce-reliance-on-fossil-fuels
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_216,"They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34 percent or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

Between 14 percent and 31 percent of global CO2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors.",This reduction would require 34 to 100% of the world's wood growth (Figure 6a of wood use.,"Despite an established forest conservation theory holding that tree harvesting should be strictly minimized to prevent the loss of biodiversity and to maintain carbon storage capacity, the study shows that sustainable management of wood resources can achieve both goals while also reducing fossil fuel burning. They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34 percent or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

Between 14 percent and 31 percent of global CO2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors. emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors.","Globally, both enough extra wood can be harvested sustainably and enough infrastructure of buildings and bridges needs to be built to reduce annual CO 2 emissions by 14 to 31% and FF consumption by 12 to 19% if part of this infrastructure were made of wood. This reduction would require 34 to 100% of the world's wood growth (Figure 6a of wood use. Consequently, efficient wood use could make an important but not overwhelming contribution to saving CO 2 and FF globally, even if only part of its potential savings were realized.","[5.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.8,news,http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20140401-using-more-wood-for-construction-will-reduce-reliance-on-fossil-fuels
10.1126/sciadv.aat3276,Biology_218,"""There are endless potential additives to choose from to tailor a membrane to the application of interest.""",Potential applications IV: Gas/odor barrier Another interesting aspect of the liquid membrane is that it can serve as a gas diffusion barrier while allowing macroscopic objects to pass through it.,"This newly developed membrane does the same, but unlike conventional filters, this one does not distinguish objects by size. ""There are endless potential additives to choose from to tailor a membrane to the application of interest."" Looking ahead, the researchers envision any number of creative, real-world applications for the membrane.","In addition, we have shown quantitatively that these liquid membranes can successfully prevent contaminants from passing through them ( Fig. Potential applications IV: Gas/odor barrier Another interesting aspect of the liquid membrane is that it can serve as a gas diffusion barrier while allowing macroscopic objects to pass through it. This capability could be useful as a simple solution for solid waste/odor management in odor-concentrated environments.","[3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34899900893&p=1pl&v=1&x=VqiaLtHmETHBLKlWpaVEqw
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_219,"* About 12% to 19% of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved including savings achieved because scrap wood and unsellable materials could be burned for energy, replacing fossil fuel consumption.","In efficient cases, less wood would be harvested than is growing, so the forests and harvest rates would be more than sustainable; in fact, the unharvested wood could accumulate in some forests and save even more CO 2 (forest pathway).","They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34% or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

* Between 14% and 31% of global CO 2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO 2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors. * About 12% to 19% of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved including savings achieved because scrap wood and unsellable materials could be burned for energy, replacing fossil fuel consumption. Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction.","Building with less efficient wood products also sequesters even more FF CO 2 , largely because less efficient products both use more product wood (storage pathway) and burn more scrap-wood and unmerchantable logs that displace more FF energy (energy pathway). In efficient cases, less wood would be harvested than is growing, so the forests and harvest rates would be more than sustainable; in fact, the unharvested wood could accumulate in some forests and save even more CO 2 (forest pathway). If none of the unharvested wood growth burned or rotted, CO 2 savings would be greatest by using wood for efficient building products, but not harvesting the excess that would only be used directly for energy.","[4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018,Biology_220,"By further aggregating CNVs and SNVs (the latter identified in other studies), Mount Sinai researchers discovered many additional genes and pathways involved in ASD.","Examples of ASD candidate genes identified by small de novo CNVs include SETD5, DTNA (MIM 6012), and LSAMP (MIM 6032) (Supplemental Data section ''Highlighted Genes,'' Figures S9, S10, and S14).","Individuals with ASD carried more of these CNVs than individuals in the control group, and some of them were inherited while others were only present in offspring with ASD. By further aggregating CNVs and SNVs (the latter identified in other studies), Mount Sinai researchers discovered many additional genes and pathways involved in ASD. ""We hope that these new findings will help group individuals with ASD based upon their genetic causes and lead to earlier diagnosis, and smarter, more focused therapies and interventions for autism spectrum disorders,"" said first author Dalila Pinto, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.","We replicated previous observations, such as a de novo deletion intersecting PTCHD1AS in a male (adding to the evidence that both PTCHD1 and PTCHD1AS contribute to ASD risk 14 ) and de novo events involving the miRNA miR137 (MIM 614304) in 1p.2-p.3 in two subjects. Examples of ASD candidate genes identified by small de novo CNVs include SETD5, DTNA (MIM 6012), and LSAMP (MIM 6032) (Supplemental Data section ''Highlighted Genes,'' Figures S9, S10, and S14). Among the affected subjects with pathogenic CNVs, 63% (38/60) carried de novo events ( Figure 1C ), including two subjects with two pathogenic events each.","[4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.75,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/mount-sinai-researchers-identify-genetic-alterations-in-shared-biological-pathways-as-major-risk-factor-for-autism-spectrum-disorder
10.1073/pnas.1423995112,Biology_222,"Co-author Dr Palmer said: ""Our research has shown that non-native plants are less widespread than native species, and are not increasing any more than native plants.","In addition, native plants may have the capacity to out-compete or coexist with the invaders, at least in some local environments .","Co-author Dr Palmer said: ""Our research has shown that non-native plants are less widespread than native species, and are not increasing any more than native plants. It therefore seems likely that factors other than plant invasions are the main causes of vegetation change."" The study found that locations with high diversity of non-native species also support high diversity of native species, suggesting that high diversities of native and non-native plant species are compatible with one another.","Competition may be insufficient as a mechanism to drive many or any native plant species extinct, other than at a local scale . In addition, native plants may have the capacity to out-compete or coexist with the invaders, at least in some local environments . However, it is possible to evaluate two conditions that need to be met if past introductions are likely to cause future extinctions.","[4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 5.0]",Biology,val,4.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150323150617.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_environment+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Environment+News%29
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_224,"They found that when some early branches of the arthropod family tree were splitting off, creatures were evolving new traits about four times faster than they did in the following 500 million years.","The elevated Cambrian rates of phenotypic evolution are unlikely to be an artifact of oversampling of characters changing on early arthropod branches, for two reasons.","For any two branches of the arthropod family tree--centipedes and millipedes, for example--they picked out important physical differences and variations in genetic sequence in modern specimens. They found that when some early branches of the arthropod family tree were splitting off, creatures were evolving new traits about four times faster than they did in the following 500 million years. The creatures' genetic codes were changing by about .117% every million years--approximately 5.5 times faster than modern estimates, the group reports online today in Current Biology.","Such scenarios do not predict that genes involved in basic metabolic and cellular processes common to all panarthropods should have faster evolutionary rates in earlier panarthropod lineages. The elevated Cambrian rates of phenotypic evolution are unlikely to be an artifact of oversampling of characters changing on early arthropod branches, for two reasons. Second, the molecular data exhibit an almost identical Cambrian rate burst yet cannot suffer such ascertainment bias (because gene sequencing samples every single nucleotide in a gene region, not just sites changing on particular branches).","[2.0, 4.0, 1.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://news.sciencemag.org/evolution/2013/09/evolution%E2%80%99s-clock-ticked-faster-dawn-modern-animals
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_229,"Despite an established forest conservation theory holding that tree harvesting should be strictly minimized to prevent the loss of biodiversity and to maintain carbon storage capacity, the new study shows that sustainable management of wood resources can achieve both goals while also reducing fossil fuel burning.","It is highly likely that the world could harvest much more wood and still harvest sustainably )-that is, harvest no more than is growing.","Despite an established forest conservation theory holding that tree harvesting should be strictly minimized to prevent the loss of biodiversity and to maintain carbon storage capacity, the new study shows that sustainable management of wood resources can achieve both goals while also reducing fossil fuel burning. They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34% or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

* Between 14% and 31% of global CO 2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO 2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors. * About 12% to 19% of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved including savings achieved because scrap wood and unsellable materials could be burned for energy, replacing fossil fuel consumption.","Much of the world's forests grow faster than this average harvest. It is highly likely that the world could harvest much more wood and still harvest sustainably )-that is, harvest no more than is growing. The present fragmentation, reduction in forest area, and imbalance of structures may mean that it is prudent for active management to provide the diversity of structures rather than anticipate that natural processes will return the diversity.","[3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.75,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_243,"According to the experts, a moderate increase in rate of evolution explains how life made the jump from simple to complex systems, without contradicting Darwin's theory of evolution.","Darwin suggested that the sudden appearance of a range of advanced animals in the Cambrian was difficult to reconcile with gradual evolution by natural selection , as they would have required a lengthy period of Precambrian evolution.","The current study by Michael Lee and colleagues shows that rates of morphological and genetic evolution were roughly five times faster than the current rate of evolution. According to the experts, a moderate increase in rate of evolution explains how life made the jump from simple to complex systems, without contradicting Darwin's theory of evolution. Some stages of the biological changes during this period took about 30 million years, others took about 5-10 million years.","A relatively short Precambrian prelude dictates this pattern, while even a lengthy ''phylogenetic fuse'' can be interpreted to be consistent with it: phyla could have diverged deep in the Precambrian but still acquired many novelties simultaneously across the early Cambrian (though it is hard to interpret innovations shared by multiple phyla as evolving in the Cambrian under the second scenario). Darwin suggested that the sudden appearance of a range of advanced animals in the Cambrian was difficult to reconcile with gradual evolution by natural selection , as they would have required a lengthy period of Precambrian evolution. A much shorter cryptic period would be required if rates of evolution in the late Precambrian and early Cambrian could be demonstrated to be substantially elevated.","[4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/3959/20130913/researchers-solve-darwins-dilemma-estimating-rate-evolution-during-cambrian-explosion.htm
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Biology_246,"We know that certain X chromosome genes are particularly sensitive to the loss of SMCHD1, so in the future we may be able to harness that differential sensitivity to turn on specific genes.""","Given that SMCHD1 resembles SMC proteins, we posit that SMCHD1 promotes chromatin mixing by mediating random chromatin interactions that span the boundaries of existing structures, thereby blurring compartments and TADs ( Figure 7D ).","By bridging the S1 and S2 compartments, SMCHD1 was found to induce their merging into the conformation that prevents gene expression. She says, ""The knowledge gained could also be used to reactivate the inactive X chromosome to treat certain diseases, such as the neurodevelopmental disorders Rett syndrome and CDKL5 disorder. We know that certain X chromosome genes are particularly sensitive to the loss of SMCHD1, so in the future we may be able to harness that differential sensitivity to turn on specific genes.""","Cohesins may antagonize phase separation by facilitating chromatin looping between different compartments. Given that SMCHD1 resembles SMC proteins, we posit that SMCHD1 promotes chromatin mixing by mediating random chromatin interactions that span the boundaries of existing structures, thereby blurring compartments and TADs ( Figure 7D ). This idea is supported by the nearly homogeneous distribution of SMCHD1 on the Xi, contacting both S1 and S2 compartments ( Figure 6 ).","[4.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.6666666666666665,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34247911099&p=1pl&v=1&x=jy47GGI5GePjsmLvEf0-5Q
10.1073/pnas.1423995112,Biology_249,"It therefore seems likely that factors other than plant invasions are the main causes of vegetation change.""","In contrast, if cover changes of native species are larger than those of the non-natives, it implies that other environmental drivers feature more strongly than biological invasions in altering the composition of communities.","Co-author Dr Palmer said: ""Our research has shown that non-native plants are less widespread than native species, and are not increasing any more than native plants. It therefore seems likely that factors other than plant invasions are the main causes of vegetation change."" The study found that locations with high diversity of non-native species also support high diversity of native species, suggesting that high diversities of native and non-native plant species are compatible with one another.","First, non-native plant species that were established in the past should be continuing to increase more than native species. In contrast, if cover changes of native species are larger than those of the non-natives, it implies that other environmental drivers feature more strongly than biological invasions in altering the composition of communities. although individual non-native species may fail to cause exclusion, this may be achieved through an increasing diversity of aliens, leading to the prediction that changes in native diversity will be negatively correlated with changes in the number of non-native species.","[5.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,5.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150323150617.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_environment+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Environment+News%29
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018,Biology_257,"Individuals with ASD carried more of these CNVs than individuals in the control group, and some of them were inherited while others were only present in offspring with ASD.","Our data (1) confirm excess burden of genome-wide rare genic CNVs in an independent set of ASD subjects versus control subjects; (2) further reveal an extreme degree of etiological heterogeneity (36 different genetic loci were found among 82 individuals with pathogenic CNVs); (3) confirm the contribution of de novo CNVs to the etiology of autism and highlight the contribution of inherited pathogenic imbalances (36%); (4) show an increased proportion of females among carriers of highly penetrant pathogenic CNVs, as well as among carriers of deletions affecting FMRP targets; show no significant difference in the frequency of de novo CNVs between simplex and multiplex families; show that both deletions and duplications involving FMRP targets and PSD genes increase ASD risk; (7) show evidence of multigene contributions to ASD; show that ASD-associated deletions impair synapse function and neurodevelopmental processes; (9) implicate chromatin and transcription regulation genes in ASD in a network analysis of de novo CNVs; and show that genes affected by de novo CNVs and de novo LoF SNVs converge on functional gene networks.","The researchers reported numerous CNVs affecting genes, and found that these genes are part of similar cellular pathways involved in brain development, synapse function and chromatin regulation. Individuals with ASD carried more of these CNVs than individuals in the control group, and some of them were inherited while others were only present in offspring with ASD. By further aggregating CNVs and SNVs (the latter identified in other studies), Mount Sinai researchers discovered many additional genes and pathways involved in ASD.","Thus, despite little overlap in genes, the strong interconnectedness between the resulting networks identifies pathways through which the effects of distinct mutations might converge. Our data (1) confirm excess burden of genome-wide rare genic CNVs in an independent set of ASD subjects versus control subjects; (2) further reveal an extreme degree of etiological heterogeneity (36 different genetic loci were found among 82 individuals with pathogenic CNVs); (3) confirm the contribution of de novo CNVs to the etiology of autism and highlight the contribution of inherited pathogenic imbalances (36%); (4) show an increased proportion of females among carriers of highly penetrant pathogenic CNVs, as well as among carriers of deletions affecting FMRP targets; show no significant difference in the frequency of de novo CNVs between simplex and multiplex families; show that both deletions and duplications involving FMRP targets and PSD genes increase ASD risk; (7) show evidence of multigene contributions to ASD; show that ASD-associated deletions impair synapse function and neurodevelopmental processes; (9) implicate chromatin and transcription regulation genes in ASD in a network analysis of de novo CNVs; and show that genes affected by de novo CNVs and de novo LoF SNVs converge on functional gene networks. Importantly, when considering highly penetrant pathogenic CNVs, we found a 2:1 male-to-female ratio (deviating from the overall ratio of 6:1 in the study sample).","[4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.4,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/mount-sinai-researchers-identify-genetic-alterations-in-shared-biological-pathways-as-major-risk-factor-for-autism-spectrum-disorder
10.1126/scitranslmed.aau5516,Biology_262,"""Each antigen we tested eliminated 10 to 100 per cent of the leukemia,"" said Perreault, adding that ""some of the antigens protected the mouse for its entire life, despite the reinjection of new leukemia cells.","The two VNYIHRNV-immunized survivors died of leukemia within 50 days, whereas all others (immunized against TVPLNHNTL, VTPVYQHL, or VNYLHRNV) survived the rechallenge (Fig.","The results were highly encouraging. ""Each antigen we tested eliminated 10 to 100 per cent of the leukemia,"" said Perreault, adding that ""some of the antigens protected the mouse for its entire life, despite the reinjection of new leukemia cells. This suggests a long-lasting effect.""","In contrast, the other three TSAs showed superior efficacy, with day 150 survival rates of 20% (VNYIHRNV), 30% (VTPVYQHL), and 100% (VNYLHRNV) (Fig. The two VNYIHRNV-immunized survivors died of leukemia within 50 days, whereas all others (immunized against TVPLNHNTL, VTPVYQHL, or VNYLHRNV) survived the rechallenge (Fig. We conclude that immunization against individual TSAs confers different degrees of protection against EL4 cells (0 to 100%) and that, in most cases, this protection is long-lasting.","[4.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37911112094&p=1pl&v=1&x=BKR1qGfxJXrw2puPg0b__w
10.1098/rsos.171782,Biology_265,"""Interestingly, we not only find hints of the missing digits on the modern horse, but also its ancestors, such as Hipparion and Mesohippus, two species believed to have three toes,"" Professor Solounias said.",The external appearance of the hoof parallels our observation of the adult hoof subdivisions.,"After further studying images of the Laetoli footprints, he confirmed his finding in several of the impressions, and considered that Hipparion not only had five compacted toes, but likely passed this trait on to its descendants. ""Interestingly, we not only find hints of the missing digits on the modern horse, but also its ancestors, such as Hipparion and Mesohippus, two species believed to have three toes,"" Professor Solounias said. ""While the horse's lineage is classically described as having evolved from four to three toes, and eventually one single toe, we show that its extinct ancestors exhibit the reduced toes both at the wrist and at the hoof,"" said co-author Melinda Danowitz, also from the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine.","The common number of 'petals' is four on the ventral side and one on the dorsal. The external appearance of the hoof parallels our observation of the adult hoof subdivisions. Most distally these five petals, although they externally display distal borders, merge into a single undifferentiated cone, which extends further and terminates into a notably long and curved point like a median claw.","[5.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_27,"Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.","If catastrophic fires do not occur and forest regrowth after harvest is not considered, saving CO 2 by not harvesting the forest growth is slightly more efficient than harvesting just for wood energy-but generally less efficient than harvesting for construction products.","Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest. ""This study shows still another reason to appreciate forests -- and another reason to not let them be permanently cleared for agriculture,"" said Chadwick Oliver, the Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies, director of the Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry at F&ES and lead author of the new study.","Wood products are more efficient than wood energy for CO 2 and FF savings; however, up to 37 % of the world's annual CO 2 emissions and 27% of the FF use could be saved if all wood growth not used in construction were used for energy (energy pathway; Figure 6b-c) . If catastrophic fires do not occur and forest regrowth after harvest is not considered, saving CO 2 by not harvesting the forest growth is slightly more efficient than harvesting just for wood energy-but generally less efficient than harvesting for construction products. This efficiency of CO 2 storage in unharvested forests also assumes none of the wood blows over or otherwise rots in the forest-an unrealistic assumption in most of the world.","[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_272,Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction.,"Others point out that forest carbon, as well as biodiversity and other values, needs to be examined across a landscape of many stands PerezGarcia et al., 2005b; .","About 12 percent to 19 percent of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved including savings achieved because scrap wood and unsellable materials could be burned for energy, replacing fossil fuel consumption. Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.","Even in forests with a low danger of catastrophic fires, differences in the calculated forest carbon savings or loss from harvest is because different analyses address the impacts immediately after harvest or after forest regrowth . Others point out that forest carbon, as well as biodiversity and other values, needs to be examined across a landscape of many stands PerezGarcia et al., 2005b; . Individual stands fluctuate widely in CO 2 sequestered with harvest and regrowth, but these fluctuations are offset across the landscape with other stands being harvested and regrowing at different times.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.3333333333333333,news,http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20140401-using-more-wood-for-construction-will-reduce-reliance-on-fossil-fuels
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Biology_274,"They then found that the loss of SMCHD1 prevented the spreading of Xist across the chromosome and kept the two large domains, which the team named S1 and S2 compartments, from being merged into the typical compartment-less inactive X structure.",Such a stepwise mechanism is consistent with how Xist RNA spreads.,"The team's experiments in mouse cells first confirmed that the presence of SMCHD1 was necessary for the silencing of a large subset of genes on the inactive X chromosome. They then found that the loss of SMCHD1 prevented the spreading of Xist across the chromosome and kept the two large domains, which the team named S1 and S2 compartments, from being merged into the typical compartment-less inactive X structure. By bridging the S1 and S2 compartments, SMCHD1 was found to induce their merging into the conformation that prevents gene expression.","When SMCHD1 is recruited at a later stage , S1/S2 compartments are merged together to create a ''compartment-less'' structure (Figures 4 and 7). Such a stepwise mechanism is consistent with how Xist RNA spreads. In this way, Xist could co-segregate with gene-rich regions located in other A compartments.","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,2.25,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34247911099&p=1pl&v=1&x=jy47GGI5GePjsmLvEf0-5Q
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Biology_280,"By bridging the S1 and S2 compartments, SMCHD1 was found to induce their merging into the conformation that prevents gene expression.",Cumulative distribution plots showed a significant right shift of X-linked gene expression (red) relative to autosomal profiles (black) in Smchd1 À/À cells ( Figure 1D ).,"They then found that the loss of SMCHD1 prevented the spreading of Xist across the chromosome and kept the two large domains, which the team named S1 and S2 compartments, from being merged into the typical compartment-less inactive X structure. By bridging the S1 and S2 compartments, SMCHD1 was found to induce their merging into the conformation that prevents gene expression. She says, ""The knowledge gained could also be used to reactivate the inactive X chromosome to treat certain diseases, such as the neurodevelopmental disorders Rett syndrome and CDKL5 disorder.","Apart from expected autosomal changes (e.g., protocadherin a [Pcdha]) (Gendrel et al., 2013; Mould et al., 2013) (Figures 1C and S2C) , a fraction of X-linked genes was also upregulated (Figures 1C and S2B) . Cumulative distribution plots showed a significant right shift of X-linked gene expression (red) relative to autosomal profiles (black) in Smchd1 À/À cells ( Figure 1D ). Approximately 30% (383/1275) of genes were downregulated, but they were not enriched on the X chromosome ( Figure S2B ).","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.8,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34247911099&p=1pl&v=1&x=jy47GGI5GePjsmLvEf0-5Q
10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0,Biology_289,The researchers thus provide a possible explanation for why these drugs are not effective in colorectal cancer.,d MEK inhibition leads to reduction of AXIN1 levels in colorectal cancer organoids.,"The researchers thus provide a possible explanation for why these drugs are not effective in colorectal cancer. Depending on the Wnt activity, the cancer cells can switch back and forth between the stem cell state and a differentiated state. At the same time, the gene activity of the cancer cells changed to a stem cell-typical pattern.","c Expression analysis with microarray of colon cancer organoids treated with trametinib shows increased expression of many of Wnt and stemness associated genes, and a reduction of RAS target genes and differentiation markers (b). d MEK inhibition leads to reduction of AXIN1 levels in colorectal cancer organoids. A representative Western Blot of three independent replicates is shown.","[1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39238665199&p=1pl&v=1&x=mO4HLKWMzfNJB32xwCSFzA
10.1126/sciadv.aat3276,Biology_305,"""There are endless potential additives to choose from to tailor a membrane to the application of interest.""","Specifically, by tuning the membrane surface tension and geometric parameters, we demonstrate that one can design a membrane that can retain particles smaller than a critical size based on the particle inertial properties.","This newly developed membrane does the same, but unlike conventional filters, this one does not distinguish objects by size. ""There are endless potential additives to choose from to tailor a membrane to the application of interest."" Looking ahead, the researchers envision any number of creative, real-world applications for the membrane.","1, B and C). Specifically, by tuning the membrane surface tension and geometric parameters, we demonstrate that one can design a membrane that can retain particles smaller than a critical size based on the particle inertial properties. Further, we have demonstrated that the unique properties of liquid membranes allow applications that were previously unachievable by conventional membrane technologies, including entrapment of microscopic entities while allowing the passage of macroscopic objects, and selective gas-solid separation where the membrane allows solids to pass through while inhibiting gas passage.","[3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34899900893&p=1pl&v=1&x=VqiaLtHmETHBLKlWpaVEqw
10.1038/s41467-018-04648-0,Biology_307,"Because this is one of the first studies to examine brain inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, Schrepf says, additional research is needed on the correlation.",We conclude that the L IPL and mPFC are regions critical to the central response to peripheral inflammation in RA and may be part of a broader pattern of inflammation-linked network reorganization.,"""By relating these advanced neuroimaging measures back to the patient experience, we provide evidence that the future targeting of central inflammatory pathways may greatly enhance the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and potentially other chronic inflammatory disorders."" Because this is one of the first studies to examine brain inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, Schrepf says, additional research is needed on the correlation. Basu agrees, ""Further exploration into this complex space demands strong multidisciplinary and collaborative working, and this study represents a fine example of trans-Atlantic team science.""","These findings are strengthened by the agreement of some of the functional and structural outcomes and the broad agreement of analytic strategies. We conclude that the L IPL and mPFC are regions critical to the central response to peripheral inflammation in RA and may be part of a broader pattern of inflammation-linked network reorganization. Increases in ESR and CRP are indices of overall disease activity in RA and, together with pain/tenderness and swollen joints, represent an important metric for disease severity and a benchmark for the success of treatment .","[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.8,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34334472687&p=1pl&v=1&x=4AUPMIcZw56G8088fDCfzQ
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_31,"Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.","If the forest would burn unless harvested or partially harvested, even greater CO 2 savings would be achieved by harvesting.","Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest. ""This study shows still another reason to appreciate forests -- and another reason to not let them be permanently cleared for agriculture,"" said Chadwick Oliver, the Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies, director of the Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry at F&ES and lead author of the new study.","Even harvesting for inefficient products or wood energy that create an initial net CO 2 loss (Figure 7b ) can sequester more CO 2 in the combination of products, wood energy, and forest than in the unharvested forest provided the stand regrows long enough (Figure 8c ) through the ""debtthen-dividend"" pattern . If the forest would burn unless harvested or partially harvested, even greater CO 2 savings would be achieved by harvesting. And, across a landscape, harvesting so that a diversity of stand structures is created and maintained would both reduce fire danger and increase biodiversity .","[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.2,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_310,"""The work by Petry and co-workers now shows that XMAP215, previously considered a microtubule 'polymerase' involved in microtubule elongation, acts synergistically with g-tubulin to promote efficient microtubule nucleation.","In this study, we demonstrate that XMAP215 is a bona fide MT nucleation factor that cooperates with γ -TuRC.","That search may now be over. ""The work by Petry and co-workers now shows that XMAP215, previously considered a microtubule 'polymerase' involved in microtubule elongation, acts synergistically with g-tubulin to promote efficient microtubule nucleation. The work provides an answer to this critical puzzle in our understanding of microtubule regulation in the cell.""","Furthermore, if XMAP215 were to function as a MT nucleator, its relationship with the universal nucleator γ -TuRC needs to be established and their mechanism determined 27,34,35 . In this study, we demonstrate that XMAP215 is a bona fide MT nucleation factor that cooperates with γ -TuRC. Using Xenopus egg extracts to resolve individual nucleation events, we show that XMAP215 determines the extent of MT nucleation in the cytoplasm.","[5.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1126/sciadv.aat3276,Biology_311,"""The membrane filter could potentially prevent germs, dust, or allergens from reaching an open wound, while still allowing a doctor to perform surgery safely,"" Wong said.",This further highlights the fact that the particle separation physics of a liquid membrane are different from those of a solid membrane.,"Not only could the membrane serve as a particle barrier, but the self-healing properties would also allow medical devices such as surgical tools to pass through while contaminates stay out. ""The membrane filter could potentially prevent germs, dust, or allergens from reaching an open wound, while still allowing a doctor to perform surgery safely,"" Wong said. ""This membrane could make this possible.""","3 may not be applicable when aggregation of smaller particles occurs, creating an effectively large particle, which could lead to F g > F g ). This further highlights the fact that the particle separation physics of a liquid membrane are different from those of a solid membrane. Therefore, E* (that is, Eq.","[4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34899900893&p=1pl&v=1&x=VqiaLtHmETHBLKlWpaVEqw
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018,Biology_322,"Individuals with ASD carried more of these CNVs than individuals in the control group, and some of them were inherited while others were only present in offspring with ASD.","(legend continued on next page) a higher genetic load to express ASD, and our foundational data support this general hypothesis.","The researchers reported numerous CNVs affecting genes, and found that these genes are part of similar cellular pathways involved in brain development, synapse function and chromatin regulation. Individuals with ASD carried more of these CNVs than individuals in the control group, and some of them were inherited while others were only present in offspring with ASD. By further aggregating CNVs and SNVs (the latter identified in other studies), Mount Sinai researchers discovered many additional genes and pathways involved in ASD.","Edges represent significant direct protein-protein interactions (as defined by a common interactor binding degree of 2) in the InWeb database. (legend continued on next page) a higher genetic load to express ASD, and our foundational data support this general hypothesis. We observed significant enrichment of both deletion and duplication events overlapping FMRP and PSD targets, indicating that altered dosage of these genes can underlie ASD susceptibility.","[4.0, 2.0, 5.0]",Biology,val,4.0,news,http://www.healthcanal.com/genetics-birth-defects/50148-mount-sinai-researchers-identify-genetic-alterations-in-shared-biological-pathways-as-major-risk-factor-for-autism-spectrum-disorder.html
10.1098/rsos.171782,Biology_326,"For the first time, Professor Solounias and colleagues propose that the reduction in the number of digits is not a matter of simple attrition; instead, they believe that all five digits have merged to form the compacted forelimbs with hooves that we know today.","Monodactyly also occurred by convergent evolution in the lineage to Pliohippus and Astrohippus, single-toed horses that are now extinct .","For the first time, Professor Solounias and colleagues propose that the reduction in the number of digits is not a matter of simple attrition; instead, they believe that all five digits have merged to form the compacted forelimbs with hooves that we know today. ""While this explanation of the second and fourth digits is viable, it is incomplete and fails to account for the animal's first and fifth digits,"" the paleontologists said. Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints.""","The first time it occurred was in the Miocene, starting with Dinohippus, leading to the modern horse . Monodactyly also occurred by convergent evolution in the lineage to Pliohippus and Astrohippus, single-toed horses that are now extinct . The reduction to a single complete toe also evolved in the liptotern Thoatherium, an extinct ungulate from the Miocene of South America .","[2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_332,Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction.,"The energy released does not offset FF CO 2 , so there is no CO 2 or FF savings.","About 12 percent to 19 percent of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved including savings achieved because scrap wood and unsellable materials could be burned for energy, replacing fossil fuel consumption. Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.","The analyses were streamlined by assuming ""instantaneous"" use of additional wood solely for wood construction or wood energy under current circumstances; thus, the added uncertainties of future changes in pulpwood use, total construction, accelerated forest growth, or lag times in increasing wood use were avoided. The energy released does not offset FF CO 2 , so there is no CO 2 or FF savings. Consequently, there would be emissions of CO 2 and added consumption of FF by not avoiding the catastrophic fires or by not harvesting these forests before they burned.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.5,news,http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20140401-using-more-wood-for-construction-will-reduce-reliance-on-fossil-fuels
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_34,Researchers say that further studies will need to test whether the treatment also works when the disease is firmly established.,"We identified a loss-of-function mutation in ATPase11B, which caused the EC dysfunction in the rat SVD model, and a singlenucleotide polymorphism in ATPase11B that was associated with white matter abnormalities in humans with SVD.","Treating rats with drugs that stop blood vessel cells from becoming dysfunctional reversed the symptoms of SVD and prevented brain damage, tests found. Researchers say that further studies will need to test whether the treatment also works when the disease is firmly established. They will also need to check if the treatment can reverse the symptoms of dementia.","EC and oligodendroglial dysfunction were also observed in humans with early, asymptomatic SVD pathology. We identified a loss-of-function mutation in ATPase11B, which caused the EC dysfunction in the rat SVD model, and a singlenucleotide polymorphism in ATPase11B that was associated with white matter abnormalities in humans with SVD. We show that EC dysfunction is a cause of SVD white matter vulnerability and provide a therapeutic strategy to treat and reverse SVD in the rat model, which may also be of relevance to human SVD.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34466178093&p=1pl&v=1&x=2le7-Zhx61T_1zbEKEPdzw
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018,Biology_350,"The researchers reported numerous CNVs affecting genes, and found that these genes are part of similar cellular pathways involved in brain development, synapse function and chromatin regulation.",") and an increase in affected subjects carrying exonic pathogenic CNVs overlapping known loci associated with dominant or X-linked ASD and intellectual disability (odds ratio ¼ 12.62, p ¼ 2.7 3 10 À15 ,~3% of ASD subjects).","The researchers reported numerous CNVs affecting genes, and found that these genes are part of similar cellular pathways involved in brain development, synapse function and chromatin regulation. Individuals with ASD carried more of these CNVs than individuals in the control group, and some of them were inherited while others were only present in offspring with ASD. By further aggregating CNVs and SNVs (the latter identified in other studies), Mount Sinai researchers discovered many additional genes and pathways involved in ASD.","We analyzed 2,446 ASD-affected families and confirmed an excess of genic deletions and duplications in affected versus control groups (1.41-fold, p ¼ 1.0 3 10 ) and an increase in affected subjects carrying exonic pathogenic CNVs overlapping known loci associated with dominant or X-linked ASD and intellectual disability (odds ratio ¼ 12.62, p ¼ 2.7 3 10 À15 ,~3% of ASD subjects). Pathogenic CNVs, often showing variable expressivity, included rare de novo and inherited events at 36 loci, implicating ASD-associated genes (CHD2, HDAC4, and GDI1) previously linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as other genes such as SETD5, MIR137, and HDAC9.","[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://www.healthcanal.com/genetics-birth-defects/50148-mount-sinai-researchers-identify-genetic-alterations-in-shared-biological-pathways-as-major-risk-factor-for-autism-spectrum-disorder.html
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Biology_356,"This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March.",This mechanism allows for maintenance and propagation of the SST anomalies from the northwestern Pacific to the northcentral Pacific ( Supplementary Fig.,"""Knowing how much rain to expect in the coming winter is crucial for the economy, water security and ecosystem management of the region."" This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March. ""With the New Zealand Index, we can predict from late summer the likelihood of above- or below-normal winter precipitation in the southwestern U.S., with a correlation in the order of 0.7 -- compared to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation technique, which has a correlation around 0.3 to 0.4,"" said lead author Antonios Mamalakis, a UCI graduate student in civil & environmental engineering.","The SST anomalies affect the atmospheric pressure in the US west coast and strengthen the regional jet stream which brings more winter storms in the SWUS; b Late-summer positive SST anomalies (red shading) in the NZI region deflect the jet stream to the north, leading to dry conditions over the SWUS As soon as the cascade to the northern hemisphere has occurred, SST anomalies in the northwestern Pacific persist through boreal winter (see Supplementary Fig. This mechanism allows for maintenance and propagation of the SST anomalies from the northwestern Pacific to the northcentral Pacific ( Supplementary Fig. 8 ).","[2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.8,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34298793979&p=1pl&v=1&x=X9EWWL2okoyzIUr-hZu4jg
10.1126/sciadv.aat3276,Biology_360,"""The membrane filter could potentially prevent germs, dust, or allergens from reaching an open wound, while still allowing a doctor to perform surgery safely,"" Wong said.","This property, in conjunction with other biological mechanisms, makes possible the engulfment of large particles without fluid exchange as exemplified by endocytosis.","Not only could the membrane serve as a particle barrier, but the self-healing properties would also allow medical devices such as surgical tools to pass through while contaminates stay out. ""The membrane filter could potentially prevent germs, dust, or allergens from reaching an open wound, while still allowing a doctor to perform surgery safely,"" Wong said. ""This membrane could make this possible.""","We further demonstrate that these membranes can be used for previously unachievable applications, including serving as particle barriers that allow macroscopic device access through the membrane (for example, open surgery) or as selective membranes inhibiting gas/vapor passage while allowing solids to pass through them (for example, waste/odor management). This property, in conjunction with other biological mechanisms, makes possible the engulfment of large particles without fluid exchange as exemplified by endocytosis. For example, the incorporation of stable liquid layers into porous solids allows self-healing, robust liquid repellency , anti-biofouling , anti-icing , and even gating properties.","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,1.75,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34899900893&p=1pl&v=1&x=VqiaLtHmETHBLKlWpaVEqw
10.1098/rspb.2013.2582,Biology_362,"On the other side, perception of the female-produced attractant bombykol in Bombyx mori males is unabated, although it is not necessary anymore to find the females, as they are presented to the males by the breeders.","Hence, changes in the neural coding of environmental odorants in domesticated silkmoth females could occur because they had no impact on the survival of offspring.","Compared to wild moths, domesticated silkmoths seem to have less ability to smell environmental odours with their antennae and to locate host plants due to several millennia in captivity. On the other side, perception of the female-produced attractant bombykol in Bombyx mori males is unabated, although it is not necessary anymore to find the females, as they are presented to the males by the breeders. Probably because bombykol not only attracts males but also triggers mating behaviour in the males, it has remained indispensable for reproductive success.","In B. mori females, however, the olfactory code was much more variable from individual to individual than in the five other insect species investigated and was thus less reliable. Hence, changes in the neural coding of environmental odorants in domesticated silkmoth females could occur because they had no impact on the survival of offspring. Thus, the amplitude of antennal responses (linked to the W chromosome) and the representation of odours in the brain (not linked to the W chromosome) seem to be controlled by genes located on different chromosomes.","[1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131121103838.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1038/nn.3415,Biology_369,"That's a feature that is common in early brain development, but not in the adult,"" he said.","Conceivably, this means that subtle defects in neuronal ensemble dynamics that alter spontaneous replay and learning, particularly at early stages of cortical development, could result in intellectual dysfunction or autism.","Mice that lack the fmr1 gene (and therefore lack the FMRP protein) show some of the same symptoms of human FXS, including seizures, impaired sleep, abnormal social relationships, and learning defects. That's a feature that is common in early brain development, but not in the adult,"" he said. ""In essence, this points to a relative immaturity of brain circuits in FXS,"" added Tiago Goncalves, a former post-doc in Portera-Cailliau's lab and first author of the study.","For example, sleep replay of awake experience in the cortex is probably critical for memory consolidation 4 . Conceivably, this means that subtle defects in neuronal ensemble dynamics that alter spontaneous replay and learning, particularly at early stages of cortical development, could result in intellectual dysfunction or autism. Such hyperexcitability could be triggered by defects in how network activity emerges in the cortex during development 15 or how it is modulated by different behavioral brain states .","[2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130603133326.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_375,"They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34% or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

* Between 14% and 31% of global CO 2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO 2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors.",Much of the world's forests grow faster than this average harvest.,"Despite an established forest conservation theory holding that tree harvesting should be strictly minimized to prevent the loss of biodiversity and to maintain carbon storage capacity, the new study shows that sustainable management of wood resources can achieve both goals while also reducing fossil fuel burning. They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34% or more of annual wood growth would have profound and positive effects:

* Between 14% and 31% of global CO 2 emissions could be avoided by preventing emissions related to steel and concrete; by storing CO 2 in the cellulose and lignin of wood products; and other factors. * About 12% to 19% of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved including savings achieved because scrap wood and unsellable materials could be burned for energy, replacing fossil fuel consumption.","Using the estimate, the world is harvesting an average of 0.9 m 3 /ha. Much of the world's forests grow faster than this average harvest. It is highly likely that the world could harvest much more wood and still harvest sustainably )-that is, harvest no more than is growing.","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/s41467-018-04648-0,Biology_378,"""This intriguing data supports the idea that rheumatoid arthritis inflammation targets the brain and not just the joints,"" Basu says.","It will be important to expand assessment in future studies to more diverse measures of neuropsychological performance and to clinical symptoms of RA, as these will likely involve their own distinct patterns of functional connectivity.","It also demonstrated how inflammation we measure in the periphery may be actually altering functional connections in the brain and playing a role in some of the cognitive symptoms we see in rheumatoid arthritis."" ""This intriguing data supports the idea that rheumatoid arthritis inflammation targets the brain and not just the joints,"" Basu says. ""By relating these advanced neuroimaging measures back to the patient experience, we provide evidence that the future targeting of central inflammatory pathways may greatly enhance the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and potentially other chronic inflammatory disorders.""","It is perhaps unsurprising that the subnetworks not identified in the current study are generally associated with tasks dissimilar to the PASAT, such as fine motor skills and language processing. It will be important to expand assessment in future studies to more diverse measures of neuropsychological performance and to clinical symptoms of RA, as these will likely involve their own distinct patterns of functional connectivity. Future studies in RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions should explore sexspecific differences in the impact of inflammation on neural networks as there is evidence for these differences in acute inflammatory paradigms .","[3.0, 1.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34334472687&p=1pl&v=1&x=4AUPMIcZw56G8088fDCfzQ
10.1098/rsos.171782,Biology_379,"""While this explanation of the second and fourth digits is viable, it is incomplete and fails to account for the animal's first and fifth digits,"" the paleontologists said.","This proposed location of metacarpals I and V is consistent with the extinct tridactyl Hypohippus, where all five digits are present proximally towards the wrist.","For the first time, Professor Solounias and colleagues propose that the reduction in the number of digits is not a matter of simple attrition; instead, they believe that all five digits have merged to form the compacted forelimbs with hooves that we know today. ""While this explanation of the second and fourth digits is viable, it is incomplete and fails to account for the animal's first and fifth digits,"" the paleontologists said. Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints.""","Metacarpals III-V of Hyracotherium are, therefore, singular and do not contain remnants of other digits, as is seen in later equids. This proposed location of metacarpals I and V is consistent with the extinct tridactyl Hypohippus, where all five digits are present proximally towards the wrist. In Hypohippus, metacarpals I and V are present at the proximal shaft, as ovoid bony elements positioned on the ventral surface of metacarpals II and IV.","[2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1098/rsos.171782,Biology_380,"Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints.""","We suggest that the presence of these 'miniature hooves' in Equus and Hipparion indicates that digits I and V are partially expressed distally, and are not absent as previously suggested.","""While this explanation of the second and fourth digits is viable, it is incomplete and fails to account for the animal's first and fifth digits,"" the paleontologists said. Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints."" According to the team, this demonstrates that the first and fifth digits were not simply lost to evolution, but attached to their neighboring second and fourth digits.","We expected to find a medial wing on the distal phalanx of Hyracotherium, representing the single missing digit, but this taxon shows no apparent evidence of the pollex distally. We suggest that the presence of these 'miniature hooves' in Equus and Hipparion indicates that digits I and V are partially expressed distally, and are not absent as previously suggested. If these digits were to continue distally, their projected position would be ventral to the dominant distal phalanx, consistent with the location of the double-sided frog.","[2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.03.002,Biology_383,"In all tested peripheral organs, treatment at the highest dose resulted in greater than 95% reduction in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) substrate levels.","All ZFN+donor groups exhibited dose-dependent IDS activity levels in the liver at 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/ hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3B ) post-treatment.","Enzyme expression in liver cells reached levels greater than 200-fold higher than in wild-type mice. In all tested peripheral organs, treatment at the highest dose resulted in greater than 95% reduction in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) substrate levels. Importantly, treatment with Sangamo's genome editing therapy at the highest dose level also prevented the development of neurocognitive deficit in the young MPS II model mice, as measured by the Barnes Maze test.","Detection of hIDS protein thus required the presence of both ZFNs and the hIDS donor. All ZFN+donor groups exhibited dose-dependent IDS activity levels in the liver at 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/ hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3B ) post-treatment. The levels of IDS activity in all three ZFN+donor groups were significantly higher than control MPS II mice and were 20-, 66-, and 207-fold higher than levels found in wild-type mice at 4 months ( Figure 3B ).","[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.8,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33720618650&p=1pl&v=1&x=mxBKrIiAWVINTqbMwybMMg
10.1098/rstb.2017.0052,Biology_384,Stout found that his students' white matter--or the neural connectivity in their brains--increased as they gained competence in flintknapping.,).,"Somewhere on the timeline between the long run of the Oldowan and the more rapid rise of Acheulean technologies, language (or what's often called protolanguage) likely made its first appearance. Stout found that his students' white matter--or the neural connectivity in their brains--increased as they gained competence in flintknapping. His research suggests that producing complex tools spurred an increase in brain size and other aspects of hominin evolution, including--perhaps--the emergence of language.","The tool-making pedagogy hypothesis of language origin fits naturally with the view of language as a skill (e.g. ). The presumably innate foundation over which the specifically linguistic skills are built during ontogeny, the ease with which humans combine communicative influence and reference with complex sequential hierarchical structuring of actions, may be considered an 'evolutionary fossil' of the social skill-transmission context in which the two components of this combination first came together.","[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.25,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34268371700&p=1pl&v=1&x=CgW15twy5K4fxtXjWGV7oA
10.1038/s41598-017-00193-w,Biology_387,"The entire process of designing, producing, and testing the vaccine in mice took less time than it took for the researchers to obtain permission to work with samples of the Zika virus, which they eventually did get.",By means of T cell stimulation assays we could unambiguously distinguish between unvaccinated and vaccinated animals.,"Since the MIT method does not require working with the virus itself, the researchers believe they might be able to explore potential vaccines more rapidly than scientists pursuing a more traditional approach. The entire process of designing, producing, and testing the vaccine in mice took less time than it took for the researchers to obtain permission to work with samples of the Zika virus, which they eventually did get. ""That's the beauty of it,"" Chahal says.",Analyses of the cellular response to the vaccine revealed an immunodominant H-2D b -restricted epitope derived from the ZIKV envelope (E) protein. By means of T cell stimulation assays we could unambiguously distinguish between unvaccinated and vaccinated animals. Expression of the expected ~54 kDa protein product was observed ( Fig.,"[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://news.mit.edu/2017/rna-nanoparticles-zika-vaccine-0329
10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.03.002,Biology_391,Enzyme expression in liver cells reached levels greater than 200-fold higher than in wild-type mice.,"All ZFN+donor groups exhibited dose-dependent IDS activity levels in the liver at 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/ hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3B ) post-treatment.","Treated mice, at both one and four-months after injection, exhibited dose-dependent expression of IDS enzyme in blood and peripheral tissues, including the spleen, kidney, lung, heart, and skeletal muscle. Enzyme expression in liver cells reached levels greater than 200-fold higher than in wild-type mice. In all tested peripheral organs, treatment at the highest dose resulted in greater than 95% reduction in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) substrate levels.","Detection of hIDS protein thus required the presence of both ZFNs and the hIDS donor. All ZFN+donor groups exhibited dose-dependent IDS activity levels in the liver at 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/ hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3B ) post-treatment. The levels of IDS activity in all three ZFN+donor groups were significantly higher than control MPS II mice and were 20-, 66-, and 207-fold higher than levels found in wild-type mice at 4 months ( Figure 3B ).","[2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33720618650&p=1pl&v=1&x=mxBKrIiAWVINTqbMwybMMg
10.1126/scitranslmed.aau5516,Biology_396,"Hope for several types of cancer



The same antigens were subsequently identified in leukemia cells in humans.","Last, we estimated that the functional avidity of T cells specific for VNYIHRNV and VNYLHRNV was similar to that of T cells specific for two highly immunogenic nonself antigens: the minor histocompatibility antigens H7 a and H13 a (Fig.","This suggests a long-lasting effect."" Hope for several types of cancer



The same antigens were subsequently identified in leukemia cells in humans. Perreault describes his team's findings as extremely promising and as opening up the possibility for the development of vaccines to treat leukemia and lung cancer in humans.","Moreover, in both naïve and immunized mice, results obtained with tetramer staining and IFN-g ELISpot correlated with each other (fig. Last, we estimated that the functional avidity of T cells specific for VNYIHRNV and VNYLHRNV was similar to that of T cells specific for two highly immunogenic nonself antigens: the minor histocompatibility antigens H7 a and H13 a (Fig. Hence, these TSAs, derived from allegedly noncoding regions, were recognized by highly abundant T cells with a high functional avidity.","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.6666666666666665,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37911112094&p=1pl&v=1&x=BKR1qGfxJXrw2puPg0b__w
10.1186/1550-2783-10-5,Biology_398,"As for your eating after your workout, there is really no time constraint -- but you should definitely eat when you're hungry.",Layman estimated that the anabolic effect of a meal lasts 5-6 hours based on the rate of postprandial amino acid metabolism.,"You may just want to skip a pre-workout meal to avoid nausea or discomfort, but this is a personal choice more than anything else. As for your eating after your workout, there is really no time constraint -- but you should definitely eat when you're hungry. Whether you decide to eat 30 minutes or two hours after your workout, Agnani stressed that this meal is just as important as the one you had before hitting the gym.","This lag in nutrient consumption can be considered significant enough to warrant post-exercise intervention if muscle retention or growth is the primary goal. Layman estimated that the anabolic effect of a meal lasts 5-6 hours based on the rate of postprandial amino acid metabolism. In light of these findings, when training is initiated more than~3-4 hours after the preceding meal, the classical recommendation to consume protein (at least 25 g) as soon as possible seems warranted in order to reverse the catabolic state, which in turn could expedite muscular recovery and growth.","[3.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39781460781&p=1pl&v=1&x=P4zRhdjGcASF9aYbnV9Q3w
10.1038/s41467-018-04100-3,Biology_405,The authors show that the long non-coding RNA called A-ROD (Activating Regulator Of DKK1 expression) is only functional the moment it is released from chromatin into the nucleoplasm.,These data are in agreement with a direct transcriptional effect on DKK1 mediated by the long ncRNA A-ROD.,"What is particularly novel in the study is the observtion that the location and quantity of a long non-coding RNA are only as important as how the long non-coding RNA is dynamically distributed within the cell. The authors show that the long non-coding RNA called A-ROD (Activating Regulator Of DKK1 expression) is only functional the moment it is released from chromatin into the nucleoplasm. After its complete release from chromatin, A-ROD is no longer active as an enhancing long non-coding RNA.","We see a significant decrease in total Pol II association at the DKK1 gene body, whereas there is no significant change in total Pol II occupancy at either GAPDH or A-ROD loci, supporting a specific regulatory effect of A-ROD on DKK1 transcription. These data are in agreement with a direct transcriptional effect on DKK1 mediated by the long ncRNA A-ROD. Chromosome conformation to target genes is pre-established.","[1.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33883809862&p=1pl&v=1&x=yIy-3kHklr2RDopewj8NxA
10.1038/jcbfm.2015.38,Biology_407,"""The combination of in vitro and in vivo experimental models to understand the biophysical and molecular mechanisms of primary blast injury and the effects of treatment on the BBB offer a powerful set of tools to guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate the consequences of bTBI,"" says Morrison.","The bTBI model is capable of isolating interactions between the BBB culture and blast overpressure alone, substantially reducing the influence of inertial loading, thereby enabling precise investigation of primary blast injury.","Morrison and his team are hoping next to translate their in vitro findings in vivo. ""The combination of in vitro and in vivo experimental models to understand the biophysical and molecular mechanisms of primary blast injury and the effects of treatment on the BBB offer a powerful set of tools to guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate the consequences of bTBI,"" says Morrison. ""Accelerating BBB recovery after blast exposure represents an important advance in addressing the multifaceted, short- and long-term complications associated with bTBI.""","These findings hold important implications for development of a potential therapy for restoring BBB integrity and function after bTBI. The bTBI model is capable of isolating interactions between the BBB culture and blast overpressure alone, substantially reducing the influence of inertial loading, thereby enabling precise investigation of primary blast injury. kPa peak incident overpressure, 1.06 ± 0.01 ms duration, and 16 ± 1.5 kPa ms impulse in the open-tube configuration.","[4.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.6666666666666665,news,http://www.healthcanal.com/brain-nerves/61146-steroids-rapidly-restore-blood-brain-barrier-function-after-blast.html
10.1038/s41598-018-25847-1,Biology_408,"The unexpected loss of nearly 100,000 Bornean orangutans from intact forests in Kalimantan between 1999 and 2015 indicates that habitat loss alone is not driving this critically endangered species' declines.","The impacts on wildlife inhabiting Borneo, where air pollution was 15 times worse than that in Singapore, are likely to be much more severe and could be longer-lasting .","The fires were worse in 2015 because of a strong El Nino effect, which brought with it a severe drought. The unexpected loss of nearly 100,000 Bornean orangutans from intact forests in Kalimantan between 1999 and 2015 indicates that habitat loss alone is not driving this critically endangered species' declines. Increasingly frequent exposure to toxic smoke could have severe consequences for orangutans, other animals and people, and this research highlights the urgent need to understand the long-term and indirect impacts of Indonesia's peatland fires, beyond the immediate loss of forests and their inhabitants.","Our findings complement a recent study conducted in Singapore, where ecological community acoustic activity was significantly reduced during the 2015 haze produced by Indonesia's peatland fires, exhibiting only partial recovery 16 weeks after the smoke had dissipated . The impacts on wildlife inhabiting Borneo, where air pollution was 15 times worse than that in Singapore, are likely to be much more severe and could be longer-lasting . The unexpected loss of an estimated 93,000 Bornean orangutans from intact forests in Kalimantan between 1999 and 2015 indicates that drivers independent of land-use change are contributing to their population declines .","[1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34054993165&p=1pl&v=1&x=gy7CxeAREcJIigy8lLLSuw
10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x,Biology_415,"With whey pre-load, insulin and GLP-1 responses also were significantly higher (105 and 141 percent, respectively), producing a 96 percent increase in early insulin response.",Plasma insulin levels at the first 30 min were higher and increased more rapidly after whey pre-load (Fig.,"The researchers found that glucose levels were reduced by 28 percent after the whey pre-load over the 180-minute post-meal period, with a uniform reduction during early and late phases. With whey pre-load, insulin and GLP-1 responses also were significantly higher (105 and 141 percent, respectively), producing a 96 percent increase in early insulin response. ""The early insulin response that usually is deficient in type-2 diabetes was significantly higher after whey protein than with placebo, and the whey protein preload significantly reduced the elevation of blood glucose after breakfast,"" said Prof. Jakubowicz.","Whey protein significantly increased the postprandial early insulin release. Plasma insulin levels at the first 30 min were higher and increased more rapidly after whey pre-load (Fig. Over the late interval, AUC 60-120 min , and during the complete post-meal period (0-180 min), plasma insulin levels were also significantly higher after whey preload than after placebo (Fig.","[5.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.6,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140805132248.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nature25173,Biology_418,"Constant contact with Asian populations continued until around 25,000 years ago, when the gene flow between the two groups ceased.",Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians.,"According to the team's timeline, the ancestral population first emerged as a separate group around 36,000 years ago, probably somewhere in northeast Asia. Constant contact with Asian populations continued until around 25,000 years ago, when the gene flow between the two groups ceased. This cessation was probably caused by brutal changes in the climate, which isolated the Native American ancestors.",", and that Native American gene flow into Inuits was through northern and not southern Native American groups . Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians. Humans were present in the Americas south of the continental ice sheets by around .6 ka , indicating that they traversed Beringia earlier.","[4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.6,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/a5vKlCzA0kY/ancient-beringians-05599.html
10.1098/rsos.180569,Biology_420,"We believe our findings could shed light on why paranoia is more common in those who are struggling on the social ladder and excluded by society,"" she added.",Our study also raises questions about whether paranoia depends on qualitatively different social reasoning or instead reflects typical social information processing with a lower threshold for social threat detection.,"""Intense paranoia is also a symptom of mental ill health, and is more common among people who perceive themselves to have low social rank. We believe our findings could shed light on why paranoia is more common in those who are struggling on the social ladder and excluded by society,"" she added. People who were paired with someone with a higher social status or with different political beliefs more frequently assumed their partner's decision had been motivated by wanting to cause them harm.","Ideally, future studies would challenge this hypothesis with other salient group affiliations. Our study also raises questions about whether paranoia depends on qualitatively different social reasoning or instead reflects typical social information processing with a lower threshold for social threat detection. ), suggesting that harmful intent attributions should become increasingly out of proportion as pre-existing paranoia increases.","[4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34703303521&p=1pl&v=1&x=UeCrRi8g9oafHVK8SEFSrA
10.1210/er.2013-1079,Biology_446,"Point mutations of the KL gene in humans are associated with hypertension and kidney disease, which suggests that a-Klotho may be essential to the maintenance of normal renal function.",The in vivo expression of Klotho decreases the activation of renal ␤-catenin and improves renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease .,"In mice, the overexpression of the KL gene extends the lifespan, whereas mutations to the KL gene shorten the lifespan. Point mutations of the KL gene in humans are associated with hypertension and kidney disease, which suggests that a-Klotho may be essential to the maintenance of normal renal function. This current understanding of the molecular biology of the a-Klotho protein may offer new insights into its function and role in aging.","Klotho may therefore suppress Wnt signaling (Figure 4b ). The in vivo expression of Klotho decreases the activation of renal ␤-catenin and improves renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease . ␣-Klotho regulates intracellular Ca 2ϩ (Figure 4c ), which in turn increases -calpain activity leading to the degradation of ␤-catenin.","[4.0, 5.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.75,news,http://www.technology.org/2015/02/22/molecular-basis-klotho-gene-function-aging/
10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.015,Biology_477,"DN2 cells appear to be precursors to the plasmablasts that produce autoreactive antibodies, which cause so much trouble for people with lupus.","Consistently, we found in the current study, an increased frequency of 9G4 + B cells in DN2 cells relative to SWM cells and in aNAV relative to resting naive (Figures S1A and S1B).","In the current study, the researchers observed that the frequency of DN2 cells was greater in African American patients. DN2 cells appear to be precursors to the plasmablasts that produce autoreactive antibodies, which cause so much trouble for people with lupus. In general, we can think of plasmablasts as weapon factories, and B cells as a library of blueprints for various antibodies/weapons.","The frequency of 9G4 + cells is increased among aNAV cells in flaring SLE and in global DN cells . Consistently, we found in the current study, an increased frequency of 9G4 + B cells in DN2 cells relative to SWM cells and in aNAV relative to resting naive (Figures S1A and S1B). PC1 genes highly expressed in SLE included the transcription factors (TF) STAT1 and STAT2 and other interferon regulated genes ( Figure S2C ).","[4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.25,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37351962756&p=1pl&v=1&x=BJsUSEfZ5jpNBOqTcDGDpg
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.043,Biology_481,"The special environment of crypt tissue and the tendency of the cells with similar adhesion to aggregate will therefore discharge the mutated cell, hence maintaining the tissue homeostasis.","Our results reveal a tumor suppressing function arising from the interactions between dynamic subcellular APC network and the adhesion gradient in the crypt, which promotes the elimination of mutant cells with high Wnt signaling.","Extensive mathematical simulation results show that the mutated cells with enhanced Wnt signaling acquire increased adhesion in comparison to the normal cells, which therefore move rapidly toward the upper part of the crypt and are discharged more easily. The special environment of crypt tissue and the tendency of the cells with similar adhesion to aggregate will therefore discharge the mutated cell, hence maintaining the tissue homeostasis. In vivo experiment with a mouse model confirms the simulation results that, in the case of abnormal crypt, the cells with high proliferation in fact move slower.","This observation suggests that the effects of mutations are modulated by a dynamic competition between tumor promoting and suppressive forces that may depend on the signaling status of individual cells and their local microenvironment. Our results reveal a tumor suppressing function arising from the interactions between dynamic subcellular APC network and the adhesion gradient in the crypt, which promotes the elimination of mutant cells with high Wnt signaling. Subversion of these interactions permits mutant cells to persist in the crypt and initiate CRC.","[3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.25,news,http://www.technology.org/2014/04/18/hidden-mechanism-suppression-colon-cancer-identified/
10.1073/pnas.1518570113,Biology_502,"The team now has evidence that bacteria in the gut microbiome contain dADG, as well as another bacterial DNA modification that they discovered called phosphorothioates, and they are looking to see if they play any role in human health and disease.","In 98% of the bacteria analyzed, the tgtA5 genes also clustered with several other putative DNA-binding enzymes, including a member of the DEAD/DEAH box helicase family, a SNF2-type helicase, and a RecQ-like Superfamily II DNA helicase ( Fig.","""There probably aren't a huge number, but we could go look for more in humans."" The team now has evidence that bacteria in the gut microbiome contain dADG, as well as another bacterial DNA modification that they discovered called phosphorothioates, and they are looking to see if they play any role in human health and disease. Any new modifications discovered could also become useful antibiotic targets, especially those that prevent restriction enzymes from chopping up the bacteria's own DNA.","DpdC was predicted to encode a DUF328 domain-containing protein, and DpdD has little similarity to any known protein, although a small portion of the C terminus matched a DUF2325 domain (SI Appendix, Fig. In 98% of the bacteria analyzed, the tgtA5 genes also clustered with several other putative DNA-binding enzymes, including a member of the DEAD/DEAH box helicase family, a SNF2-type helicase, and a RecQ-like Superfamily II DNA helicase ( Fig. This grouping allowed us to speculate that TgtA5 is involved in introducing preQ 0 -like modifications in DNA, a hypothesis previously proposed by Aravind and colleagues .","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.5,news,http://news.mit.edu/2016/regulate-protect-dna-modifications-0229
10.1126/sciadv.aat2166,Biology_511,It also plays out in the brain.,"Nevertheless, cis-PET could be an interesting lead for drug development as it might have fewer side effects than  9 -trans-THC and reduces prostaglandins.","This similarity doesnat just show up in the chemistry lab, though. It also plays out in the brain. THC (left) is not that different from cis-PET (right), which is found in some species of liverwort.","The abuse potential of Radula species is probably low, given the relatively moderate potency and low abundance of cis-PET (0.7 to 7% in an extract) (5, 6) as compared with marijuana, with  9 -trans-THC contents typically higher than 10% . Nevertheless, cis-PET could be an interesting lead for drug development as it might have fewer side effects than  9 -trans-THC and reduces prostaglandins. The likely relevance of signaling-specific CB1R pathways (37), in particular related to the reduced prostaglandin biosynthesis observed with the bibenzyl PET scaffold, will need to be studied in preclinical disease models.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37486936076&p=1pl&v=1&x=pNieNrR91WJ8hmQjgbSP-A
10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.010,Biology_528,"With those cell lines, the researchers at CeMM where now able to test their compound library and found artemisinins to have the same effect as an Arx loss.",These data imply that maintaining the correct concentration of glucagon in close vicinity to a cells is critical for the stability of this cell type.,"They proved that loss of Arx is sufficient to confer alpha cell identity and does not depend on the body's influence. With those cell lines, the researchers at CeMM where now able to test their compound library and found artemisinins to have the same effect as an Arx loss. ""Obviously, the long term effect of artemisinins needs to be tested,"" says Stefan Kubicek.","Interestingly, supplementing recombinant glucagon abolished the effect of artemether on insulin induction ( Figure 4B ). These data imply that maintaining the correct concentration of glucagon in close vicinity to a cells is critical for the stability of this cell type. Treatment of aTC1 cells with this compound resulted in a dramatic increase of intracellular glucagon staining, consistent with the accumulation of unprocessed proglucagon ( Figure 4C ).","[1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.5,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/diabetes-advance-cells-produce-insulin-upon-artemisinin-treatment/
10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.013,Biology_545,"""I think one of the advantages of studying neural circuits in skates is that they can accomplish this behavior using a relatively simple set of connections between neurons and muscle,"" Dasen says.","Interestingly, Leucoraja lacks the HoxC gene cluster in its entirety .","Dasen stresses that while the neural complexity of higher organisms hinders our studies of animals such as mice, the little skate's archaic simplicity makes it a perfect starting point. ""I think one of the advantages of studying neural circuits in skates is that they can accomplish this behavior using a relatively simple set of connections between neurons and muscle,"" Dasen says. ""We hope we can exploit this simplicity to understand the basic architecture of the circuits controlling walking.""","At thoracic levels, Hoxc9 determines forelimb and hindlimb LMC position by suppressing Foxp1 autoregulation and extinguishing forelimb-associated Hox4-Hox8 genes. Interestingly, Leucoraja lacks the HoxC gene cluster in its entirety . The absence of the Hoxc9 gene may have contributed to the caudally extended domain of pectoral LMC neurons in Leucoraja and the presence of Foxp1 + MNs as a single continuous column spanning both pectoral and pelvic levels.","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.2,news,https://animals.howstuffworks.com/extinct-animals/ancient-fish-strutted-seafloor-before-land-animals.htm#mkcpgn=rssnws1
10.1073/pnas.1424717112,Biology_560,aEURoeSequential speciation identifies the fact that adaptation and speciation of one species is not an isolated process.,Similar relationships between multiple microsatellites and eclosion time were found for Rhagoletis and D. alloeum .,"That work showed that changes in feeding and mating habits of Rhagoletis are driving it to become two different species. aEURoeSequential speciation identifies the fact that adaptation and speciation of one species is not an isolated process. The appearance of a new species creates new niche opportunities that can be exploited by other species, and that opportunity can promote the origin of other new species.aEUR

Rhagoletis is in the act of evolving into two species.","Overall, a significant stepwise multiple regression was found between seven loci for females (r = 0.49; P < 0.0001) and six for males (r = 0.40; P = 0.03) with eclosion time. Similar relationships between multiple microsatellites and eclosion time were found for Rhagoletis and D. alloeum . Three microsatellite loci for females (DM18, DM25, DM61) and five loci for males (DM18, DJ19, DM28, DM33, DM36) displayed significant genotype or genotype × host effects with eclosion time (Table S6) .","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.25,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/caught-in-the-act-new-wasp-species-emerging/
10.2217/epi.14.75,Biology_563,That means that physicians like myself need to evaluate patients on an individual basis and find the best way to treat their pain.,Effects of HAT inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors on neuropathic pain-Several groups reported that the HDAC inhibitors had an antinociceptive effect in neuropathic pain.,"That means that physicians like myself need to evaluate patients on an individual basis and find the best way to treat their pain. A major gap looms between the patient's experience of pain and the limited ""one size fits all"" treatment that doctors may offer. Four in 10 of these deaths involved prescription painkillers such as hydrocodone and oxycodone.","However, the targets of histone acetylation were not known in this study. Effects of HAT inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors on neuropathic pain-Several groups reported that the HDAC inhibitors had an antinociceptive effect in neuropathic pain. Oral administration of Sodium butyrate, a HDAC inhibitor, not only attenuated chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced pain hypersensitivity but also reduced the CCI-induced increase in TNF-αin the sciatic nerve (Table 1) .","[1.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,1.6666666666666667,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33884417266&p=1pl&v=1&x=aaXbK-XnNW_EsiY8qJxG8Q
10.1038/nature14264,Biology_581,"""I don't think it's easy to tell how that will happen.""",CD4 domains 1 and 2 (blue) fused to the human IgG1 Fc domain (grey).,"But he sounded a note of caution since it's only been tested in a laboratory and in animals. ""It's perhaps a better construct than the antibodies we've been using, but it's a matter of how it plays out in human trials,"" Baltimore said. ""I don't think it's easy to tell how that will happen.""","Importantly, our lead eCD4-Ig variant, eCD4-Ig mim2 , neutralized 100% of the isolates assayed at concentrations (IC 50 , 1.5 mg ml 21 ; IC 80 , 5.2 mg ml 21 ) that are probably sustainable in humans. CD4 domains 1 and 2 (blue) fused to the human IgG1 Fc domain (grey). Three uninfected eCD4-Ig treated mice and the sole uninfected mock treated mouse were rechallenged 5 weeks after the first challenge.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.cbsnews.com/news/experimental-aids-vaccine-blocks-hiv-in-monkeys/
10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.037,Biology_586,"""That's huge, because if you think about the genes that control the growth of all of the different bones in our body, that suggests they have to be regulated in very complex ways.""","In stark contrast to its low hindlimb:forelimb ratio compared to the most derived bipedal jerboa taxa (Figure 5A ), the long-eared jerboa, Euchoreutes naso, falls within the 95% confidence interval of the regression for metatarsus:femur ( Figure 5B ).","""We found that evolution controls individual bone size,"" said Cooper. ""That's huge, because if you think about the genes that control the growth of all of the different bones in our body, that suggests they have to be regulated in very complex ways."" Finding those genetic regulatory factors, which Cooper hopes to pursue in a future research effort, could help medical researchers develop ways to control growth asymmetries in human limb development.","A Bayesian phylogenetic outlier test demonstrates that 94% of the predictive distribution for the metatarsal:femur ratio of obligate bipeds lies above the measured ratios of these two species. In stark contrast to its low hindlimb:forelimb ratio compared to the most derived bipedal jerboa taxa (Figure 5A ), the long-eared jerboa, Euchoreutes naso, falls within the 95% confidence interval of the regression for metatarsus:femur ( Figure 5B ). Indeed, while both ratios follow a trend toward increasing values in more derived species, they do not share the same distribution .","[3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.5,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/v2VcdEdTrsM/
10.1186/gb-2014-15-3-r48,Biology_587,"Hackermuller: ""This finding gave rise to a lively discussion as to whether this could be caused by chance events or mistakes in the regulation of cellular processes.",of TARs and observed a substantial overlap (Additional file 1: Figure S4 ).,"""They continue to represent vast blank spots on the genomic map - there is still a lot waiting to be discovered here."" Hackermuller: ""This finding gave rise to a lively discussion as to whether this could be caused by chance events or mistakes in the regulation of cellular processes. However, I doubt that nature is so wasteful with resources that it would produce such masses of RNA for no specific reason.""",Repeat masked intervals are missing in the array design due to the ambiguity of probes mapping to these regions. of TARs and observed a substantial overlap (Additional file 1: Figure S4 ). This overlap was mainly due to proteincoding exons.,"[2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.75,news,http://www.healthcanal.com/immune-system/53393-junk-dna-not-as-worthless-as-once-thought.html
10.1126/science.aat0985,Biology_592,"For the reintroduced bighorn sheep herds, it took them 40 years to become accustomed to their new habitat and become 80 percent migratory.","Because individuals from migratory populations failed to migrate when translocated into landscapes where they had no prior experience, genes are unlikely to be the primary agent underlying ungulate migration.","From Generation To Generation

The study also found that ungulate herds are more likely to migrate if they have mastered how to surf the green wave, but that takes a lot of practice that spans decades. For the reintroduced bighorn sheep herds, it took them 40 years to become accustomed to their new habitat and become 80 percent migratory. ""These results indicate that ungulates accumulate knowledge of their landscapes over time, and cultural transmission of this knowledge is necessary for migrations to arise and persist,"" added Jesmer.","The seven translocated individuals that migrated were translocated into existing populations of bighorn sheep (<200 individuals) that had been reestablished three decades before (SM), suggesting cultural transmission of migratory behavior among conspecifics (horizontal transmission). Because individuals from migratory populations failed to migrate when translocated into landscapes where they had no prior experience, genes are unlikely to be the primary agent underlying ungulate migration. By doing so, we were able to quantify how much knowledge individuals possessed about local patterns of phenology ( fig.","[1.0, 5.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37039281187&p=1pl&v=1&x=jaETvSqA85jLbeimnCn2_g
10.15252/embj.201798311,Biology_593,"""It turned out cancers are very different from one organ to another and from person to person.",We found that mTORC1 activity was specifically required for progression through S-phase.,"The findings about how mature cells begin dividing again -- a process the researchers have named paligenosis -- are reported Feb. 15 in The EMBO Journal. ""It turned out cancers are very different from one organ to another and from person to person. But if, as this study suggests, the way that cells become proliferative again is similar across many different organs, we can imagine therapies that interfere with cancer initiation in a more global way, regardless of where that cancer may appear in the body.""",A similar pattern of changes in mTORC1 activity relative to metaplasia and the differentiated vs. proliferative phenotype was observed in human patients. We found that mTORC1 activity was specifically required for progression through S-phase. mTORC1 activation is also needed for yeast to pass through G1 into S-phase as they emerge from quiescence .,"[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.2,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/similarities-found-in-cancer-initiation-in-kidney-liver-stomach-pancreas/
10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.018,Biology_602,"They found that the so-called bacterial load increased as the fly aged, unraveling the symbiotic relationship between the microorganisms and the absorptive cells lining its guts.",Our study demonstrates that regulating host/commensal interactions in barrier epithelia can significantly delay age-related pathologies and extend lifespan.,"""It puts these changes into a hierarchical, causal relationship and highlights the points where we can intervene to rescue the negative results of microbial imbalance."" They found that the so-called bacterial load increased as the fly aged, unraveling the symbiotic relationship between the microorganisms and the absorptive cells lining its guts. The resulting imbalance, which over time triggered an inflammatory response, was shown to be the result of an overzealous stress gene called FOXO.","Further studies are needed to resolve this question. Our study demonstrates that regulating host/commensal interactions in barrier epithelia can significantly delay age-related pathologies and extend lifespan. We show here, however, that lifespan extension can be achieved by improving innate immune homeostasis to stabilize the gut microbiota rather than by eliminating all bacteria from the gut.","[1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.medicaldaily.com/balancing-your-gut-bacteria-could-help-you-live-longer-life-267282
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_72,"""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today -- quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution.""","This study provides the first explicit estimates of rates of both phenotypic and molecular evolution during the Cambrian explosion, permitting illuminating comparisons with later Phanerozoic rates.","""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today -- quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution."" Their modelling showed that moderately accelerated evolution was sufficient to explain the seemingly sudden appearance of many groups of advanced animals in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion. ""It was during this Cambrian period that many of the most familiar traits associated with this group of animals evolved, like a hard exoskeleton, jointed legs, and compound (multi-faceted) eyes that are shared by all arthropods.","Phenotypic traits diverge at 1.17% pMyr in the early Cambrian, w83 the average rate for the remainder of the Phanerozoic (0.139% pMyr); molecular divergence is 0.204% pMyr, w93 the subsequent rate (0.021%). This study provides the first explicit estimates of rates of both phenotypic and molecular evolution during the Cambrian explosion, permitting illuminating comparisons with later Phanerozoic rates. The 4-and 5.5-fold increases in phenotypic and molecular evolutionary rates respectively provide quantitative support for the widespread view that evolutionary rates were elevated during the Cambrian explosion.","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130912131753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_75,"Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.","Even harvesting for inefficient products or wood energy that create an initial net CO 2 loss (Figure 7b ) can sequester more CO 2 in the combination of products, wood energy, and forest than in the unharvested forest provided the stand regrows long enough (Figure 8c ) through the ""debtthen-dividend"" pattern .","Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest. ""This study shows still another reason to appreciate forests -- and another reason to not let them be permanently cleared for agriculture,"" said Chadwick Oliver, the Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies, director of the Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry at F&ES and lead author of the new study.","Harvesting for wood products/wood energy that immediately save CO 2 (Figure 5a ) sequesters even more CO 2 as the forest regrows (Figure 8b ). Even harvesting for inefficient products or wood energy that create an initial net CO 2 loss (Figure 7b ) can sequester more CO 2 in the combination of products, wood energy, and forest than in the unharvested forest provided the stand regrows long enough (Figure 8c ) through the ""debtthen-dividend"" pattern . If the forest would burn unless harvested or partially harvested, even greater CO 2 savings would be achieved by harvesting.","[4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1038/nn.3415,Biology_79,"This neuronal excitability may also be the basis for symptoms in children with FXS, which can include disrupted sleep, seizures, or learning disabilities.","For instance, it is conceivable that prolonged Up states in L4 (an initial form of hyper-excitability) lead to higher firing rates in L2/3 neurons (a secondary form of hyperexcitability) without prolonging Up states.","They found these neuronal networks showed too much activity, firing too often and in synch, much more than a normal brain. This neuronal excitability may also be the basis for symptoms in children with FXS, which can include disrupted sleep, seizures, or learning disabilities. The findings may lead to treatments that could quiet the excessive activity and allow for more normal behavior.","Perhaps differences in how the slow oscillation was measured (in vivo whole-cell recordings in unanesthetized mice versus whole-cell recordings in slices or extracellular recordings under urethane), the cell type recorded (L2/3 versus L4 and L5) or the age of the animal can explain these results. For instance, it is conceivable that prolonged Up states in L4 (an initial form of hyper-excitability) lead to higher firing rates in L2/3 neurons (a secondary form of hyperexcitability) without prolonging Up states. Thus, our observations of higher firing rates during Up states in vivo extend previous results in providing evidence of increased cortical excitability in Fmr1 −/− mice and support the theory of impaired inhibition in FXS.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,1.5,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130603133326.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1111/1365-2435.12323,Biology_85,This conclusion strongly suggests that trade-offs play a major role in the appearance of specialists during the evolutionary history of this mega-diverse group of parasitic wasps.,The negative relationship between diet breadth and establishment success suggests the existence of significant fitness trade-offs with diet breadth; these trade-offs appear to be widespread and generally involved in the evolution of dietary specialization in the hyper-diverse taxon of parasitic wasps.,"Thus, these results support the hypothesis that specialists are generally more efficient at utilizing their hosts than generalists. This conclusion strongly suggests that trade-offs play a major role in the appearance of specialists during the evolutionary history of this mega-diverse group of parasitic wasps. However, Silvia Rossinelli and Sven Bacher also point out that specialization does not always bring advantages; in environments where their preferred host is not available, generalists will profit from being able to utilize a variety of alternative hosts.",Establishment success was higher than average in Australasia and the Palearctic region (Fig. The negative relationship between diet breadth and establishment success suggests the existence of significant fitness trade-offs with diet breadth; these trade-offs appear to be widespread and generally involved in the evolution of dietary specialization in the hyper-diverse taxon of parasitic wasps. It might be that some of the generalist species included in our study actually are cryptic species complexes consisting of multiple species with narrower host ranges.,"[1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,4.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827092101.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_science+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Science+News%29
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_86,"Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.","Unless extremely efficient, wood burned solely for energy (energy pathway) without being the residual of wood product manufacture saves less CO 2 than was in the unburned wood.","Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest. ""This study shows still another reason to appreciate forests -- and another reason to not let them be permanently cleared for agriculture,"" said Chadwick Oliver, the Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies, director of the Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry at F&ES and lead author of the new study.","Compared to avoidance and storage pathways, relatively little CO 2 and FF are saved by the wood energy used to manufacture wood products. Unless extremely efficient, wood burned solely for energy (energy pathway) without being the residual of wood product manufacture saves less CO 2 than was in the unburned wood. Wood energy can save FF, although less than using wood for most solid products (Figure 4b ).","[2.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.6666666666666667,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_98,"Some stages of the biological changes during this period took about 30 million years, others took about 5-10 million years.","This study provides the first explicit estimates of rates of both phenotypic and molecular evolution during the Cambrian explosion, permitting illuminating comparisons with later Phanerozoic rates.","According to the experts, a moderate increase in rate of evolution explains how life made the jump from simple to complex systems, without contradicting Darwin's theory of evolution. Some stages of the biological changes during this period took about 30 million years, others took about 5-10 million years. ""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today - quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution,"" Lee said.","Phenotypic traits diverge at 1.17% pMyr in the early Cambrian, w83 the average rate for the remainder of the Phanerozoic (0.139% pMyr); molecular divergence is 0.204% pMyr, w93 the subsequent rate (0.021%). This study provides the first explicit estimates of rates of both phenotypic and molecular evolution during the Cambrian explosion, permitting illuminating comparisons with later Phanerozoic rates. The 4-and 5.5-fold increases in phenotypic and molecular evolutionary rates respectively provide quantitative support for the widespread view that evolutionary rates were elevated during the Cambrian explosion.","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,1.3333333333333333,news,http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/3959/20130913/researchers-solve-darwins-dilemma-estimating-rate-evolution-during-cambrian-explosion.htm
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_tweet_100,Use of sustainably-harvested timber in construction could reduce global GHG emissions up to 31% (over concrete/steel) ,"It is highly likely that the world could harvest much more wood and still harvest sustainably )-that is, harvest no more than is growing.",Use of sustainably-harvested timber in construction could reduce global GHG emissions up to 31% (over concrete/steel) ,"Much of the world's forests grow faster than this average harvest. It is highly likely that the world could harvest much more wood and still harvest sustainably )-that is, harvest no more than is growing. The present fragmentation, reduction in forest area, and imbalance of structures may mean that it is prudent for active management to provide the diversity of structures rather than anticipate that natural processes will return the diversity.","[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,2.25,tweets,505393474561376256
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_tweet_110,New paper in Current Biology on rates of evolution during the Cambrian: ,"Clades characterized by major phenotypic innovations often exhibit higher rates of evolution initially (e.g., [42]); if this pattern characterized most metazoan phyla, rates in the Cambrian would be uniformly elevated .",New paper in Current Biology on rates of evolution during the Cambrian: ,"Typical directional selection can increase phenotypic evolutionary rates by orders of magnitude over short timescales , and even conserved genomic regions can exhibit 10-fold differences in evolutionary rates in living sister lineages . While this study examined only arthropods, the patterns found here may be general across other metazoan groups, though broader taxonomic studies are required. Clades characterized by major phenotypic innovations often exhibit higher rates of evolution initially (e.g., [42]); if this pattern characterized most metazoan phyla, rates in the Cambrian would be uniformly elevated .","[5.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.5,tweets,378218406274936832
10.1098/rsos.180569,Biology_tweet_139,"New paper by some great MSc students (Vanessa Saalfeld &amp; Zeina Ramadan, joint 1st authors), ⁦@username⁩ &amp; yours truly. Experimentally induces social threat causes paranoid thinking.  ",Our study also raises questions about whether paranoia depends on qualitatively different social reasoning or instead reflects typical social information processing with a lower threshold for social threat detection.,"New paper by some great MSc students (Vanessa Saalfeld &amp; Zeina Ramadan, joint 1st authors), ⁦@username⁩ &amp; yours truly. Experimentally induces social threat causes paranoid thinking.  ","Ideally, future studies would challenge this hypothesis with other salient group affiliations. Our study also raises questions about whether paranoia depends on qualitatively different social reasoning or instead reflects typical social information processing with a lower threshold for social threat detection. ), suggesting that harmful intent attributions should become increasingly out of proportion as pre-existing paranoia increases.","[3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.6,tweets,1024590996829597697
10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036,Biology_tweet_144,"""The past decade has been the most productive period for marine species discovery"", but 1/3 of total still left to find ","Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely.","""The past decade has been the most productive period for marine species discovery"", but 1/3 of total still left to find ","Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.","[3.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0]",Biology,val,4.5,tweets,269349497010806784
10.1038/s41598-019-42900-9,Biology_tweet_148,"Our new study just out in @username on how a #helminth #parasite infection hinders co-infection witb #prions. Great collaboration with Rick Maizels @username 
 #intestine #parasitology #prion #OperaAwards2019 #dendriticcells","Since the lambs in the above study 65 were co-infected with T. circumcincta long after prion neuroinvasion from the intestine is likely to have occurred 62 , the reduced survival times are unlikely to be a consequence of effects of the parasite infection on the uptake or accumulation of the prions within the GALT.","Our new study just out in @username on how a #helminth #parasite infection hinders co-infection witb #prions. Great collaboration with Rick Maizels @username 
 #intestine #parasitology #prion #OperaAwards2019 #dendriticcells","Treatments that can delay the accumulation of prions in the GALT do not influence disease pathogenesis once neuroinvasion has occurred and the prions have established infection in the peripheral nervous system 5 . Since the lambs in the above study 65 were co-infected with T. circumcincta long after prion neuroinvasion from the intestine is likely to have occurred 62 , the reduced survival times are unlikely to be a consequence of effects of the parasite infection on the uptake or accumulation of the prions within the GALT. However, it is plausible that the parasite-mediated damage to the abomasum stimulated the systemic release of inflammatory mediators that exacerbated the development of neuropathology within the CNS 68 .","[5.0, 4.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,4.0,tweets,1123153739504857088
10.1073/pnas.1808982115,Biology_tweet_149,ETEC virulence gene regulation in human infections ,The difference between environmental atmospheres was a major discrepancy between our aerobically grown laboratory comparison and ETEC in infected stool.,ETEC virulence gene regulation in human infections ,"Surprisingly, classical virulence factors were largely down-regulated in stool compared with standard laboratory growth, including cfaD, the cfa operon, and eltAB (Figs. The difference between environmental atmospheres was a major discrepancy between our aerobically grown laboratory comparison and ETEC in infected stool. Despite the in vivo relevance of growth in limited oxygen atmospheres, we found little published research describing ETEC in such conditions.","[2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.0,tweets,1031643975722180609
10.1073/pnas.1414156112,Biology_tweet_156,MT @username: MIPS PNAS published research: #Cancer #EarlyDetection using tumor-activatable minicircles ,"First is the opportunity to optimize our system iteratively to improve the stringency of tumor-activatable gene expression, to generate more potent vectors, and to enhance vector delivery to the tumor.",MT @username: MIPS PNAS published research: #Cancer #EarlyDetection using tumor-activatable minicircles ,"Our tumor-activatable MC system has many distinct advantages over the detection of endogenously expressed cancer blood biomarkers. First is the opportunity to optimize our system iteratively to improve the stringency of tumor-activatable gene expression, to generate more potent vectors, and to enhance vector delivery to the tumor. In contrast, we can tune our MC system's sensitivity.","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.75,tweets,569984419265536000
10.1038/s41467-018-04648-0,Biology_tweet_157,"""A multi-modal MRI study of the central response to
inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis""

New paper by @username and CPFRC team @username ",We conclude that the L IPL and mPFC are regions critical to the central response to peripheral inflammation in RA and may be part of a broader pattern of inflammation-linked network reorganization.,"""A multi-modal MRI study of the central response to
inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis""

New paper by @username and CPFRC team @username ","These findings are strengthened by the agreement of some of the functional and structural outcomes and the broad agreement of analytic strategies. We conclude that the L IPL and mPFC are regions critical to the central response to peripheral inflammation in RA and may be part of a broader pattern of inflammation-linked network reorganization. Increases in ESR and CRP are indices of overall disease activity in RA and, together with pain/tenderness and swollen joints, represent an important metric for disease severity and a benchmark for the success of treatment .","[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.8,tweets,1005092378447933440
10.1126/science.aat0985,Biology_tweet_159,"Big day for @username. Dissertation defense coming in hot, and his awesome @username paper on ungulate migration is now live online ","Because individuals from migratory populations failed to migrate when translocated into landscapes where they had no prior experience, genes are unlikely to be the primary agent underlying ungulate migration.","Big day for @username. Dissertation defense coming in hot, and his awesome @username paper on ungulate migration is now live online ","The seven translocated individuals that migrated were translocated into existing populations of bighorn sheep (<200 individuals) that had been reestablished three decades before (SM), suggesting cultural transmission of migratory behavior among conspecifics (horizontal transmission). Because individuals from migratory populations failed to migrate when translocated into landscapes where they had no prior experience, genes are unlikely to be the primary agent underlying ungulate migration. By doing so, we were able to quantify how much knowledge individuals possessed about local patterns of phenology ( fig.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 5.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,tweets,1037768237759569922
10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.03.002,Biology_tweet_162,"Dose-Dependent Prevention of Metabolic and Neurologic Disease in Murine MPS II by ZFN-Mediated In Vivo Genome Editing

$SGMO $NTLA $EDIT $CRSP #genomeediting @username @username @username @username #mucopolysaccharidosis #MPSII #huntersyndrome

 ","All ZFN+donor groups exhibited dose-dependent IDS activity levels in the liver at 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/ hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3B ) post-treatment.","Dose-Dependent Prevention of Metabolic and Neurologic Disease in Murine MPS II by ZFN-Mediated In Vivo Genome Editing

$SGMO $NTLA $EDIT $CRSP #genomeediting @username @username @username @username #mucopolysaccharidosis #MPSII #huntersyndrome

 ","Detection of hIDS protein thus required the presence of both ZFNs and the hIDS donor. All ZFN+donor groups exhibited dose-dependent IDS activity levels in the liver at 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/ hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3B ) post-treatment. The levels of IDS activity in all three ZFN+donor groups were significantly higher than control MPS II mice and were 20-, 66-, and 207-fold higher than levels found in wild-type mice at 4 months ( Figure 3B ).","[2.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.0,tweets,991297002657984512
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_tweet_164,Evolutionary 'Big Bang' in Cambrian. ,"Darwin suggested that the sudden appearance of a range of advanced animals in the Cambrian was difficult to reconcile with gradual evolution by natural selection , as they would have required a lengthy period of Precambrian evolution.",Evolutionary 'Big Bang' in Cambrian. ,"A relatively short Precambrian prelude dictates this pattern, while even a lengthy ''phylogenetic fuse'' can be interpreted to be consistent with it: phyla could have diverged deep in the Precambrian but still acquired many novelties simultaneously across the early Cambrian (though it is hard to interpret innovations shared by multiple phyla as evolving in the Cambrian under the second scenario). Darwin suggested that the sudden appearance of a range of advanced animals in the Cambrian was difficult to reconcile with gradual evolution by natural selection , as they would have required a lengthy period of Precambrian evolution. A much shorter cryptic period would be required if rates of evolution in the late Precambrian and early Cambrian could be demonstrated to be substantially elevated.","[3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,2.75,tweets,378231482504212480
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_tweet_167,Darwin's dilemma resolved - high rates of evolution in Cambrian explosion consistent with natural selection: ,"This study provides the first explicit estimates of rates of both phenotypic and molecular evolution during the Cambrian explosion, permitting illuminating comparisons with later Phanerozoic rates.",Darwin's dilemma resolved - high rates of evolution in Cambrian explosion consistent with natural selection: ,"Phenotypic traits diverge at 1.17% pMyr in the early Cambrian, w83 the average rate for the remainder of the Phanerozoic (0.139% pMyr); molecular divergence is 0.204% pMyr, w93 the subsequent rate (0.021%). This study provides the first explicit estimates of rates of both phenotypic and molecular evolution during the Cambrian explosion, permitting illuminating comparisons with later Phanerozoic rates. The 4-and 5.5-fold increases in phenotypic and molecular evolutionary rates respectively provide quantitative support for the widespread view that evolutionary rates were elevated during the Cambrian explosion.","[4.0, 3.0, 5.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.75,tweets,378419209358700544
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_tweet_169,#wood #construction rather than steel/concrete means lower CO2 #emissions &amp; fossil fuel consumption ,Wood harvested to create the open and savanna structures can be used for construction products and wood energy and to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic fires-all of which save CO 2 and FF.,#wood #construction rather than steel/concrete means lower CO2 #emissions &amp; fossil fuel consumption ,"Maximum forest carbon will not create maximum biodiversity since savanna, open, and dense structures sequester less CO 2 than understory and complex ones. Wood harvested to create the open and savanna structures can be used for construction products and wood energy and to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic fires-all of which save CO 2 and FF. When regrowth after harvest is considered, even wood harvested just for energy (energy pathway) can be more efficient for CO 2 sequestration than not harvesting the forest and using FF for energy.","[4.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.6666666666666665,tweets,451085247749562368
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_tweet_172,Using more wood for construction can slash global reliance on fossil fuels ,"With efficient product use and harvesting, more CO 2 is saved in the avoided emissions, products, and wood energy than is lost instantaneously from the harvested forest.",Using more wood for construction can slash global reliance on fossil fuels ,"A wide range of savings can be obtained depending on the specific wood building material, the nonwood product being replaced, the amount of harvest that can be used for products (merchantable logs), and the efficiency of burning the scrap-wood and unmerchantable logs for energy. With efficient product use and harvesting, more CO 2 is saved in the avoided emissions, products, and wood energy than is lost instantaneously from the harvested forest. Energy from burning the nonproduct scrap-wood and unmerchantable wood contributes an additional CO 2 and FF savings during the manufacture of wood products (Figure 5a-b) , but not as effectively as if this wood had been used to make most products.","[1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,2.75,tweets,451751258937098240
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Biology_tweet_179,New #climate connection between New Zealand and North America can be used to predict rainfall in Southwestern US ,"Accordingly, NZI is associated with a dipole pattern along the west coast of the US, which is evident in both zonal winds of the upper atmosphere, as well as in precipitation amounts (see Supplementary Fig.",New #climate connection between New Zealand and North America can be used to predict rainfall in Southwestern US ,"In contrast, warm SSTs in the NZI region excite positive anomalies in the northwestern Pacific, deflecting the jet stream northward (at 45°-50°N), and leading to wet conditions over the northwestern US, and dry conditions in SWUS. Accordingly, NZI is associated with a dipole pattern along the west coast of the US, which is evident in both zonal winds of the upper atmosphere, as well as in precipitation amounts (see Supplementary Fig. 9 ).","[3.0, 2.0, 5.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.5,tweets,1011374225612005377
10.1210/er.2013-1079,Biology_tweet_180,Molecular basis of #Klotho: from gene to function in aging. ,The in vivo expression of Klotho decreases the activation of renal ␤-catenin and improves renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease .,Molecular basis of #Klotho: from gene to function in aging. ,"Klotho may therefore suppress Wnt signaling (Figure 4b ). The in vivo expression of Klotho decreases the activation of renal ␤-catenin and improves renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease . ␣-Klotho regulates intracellular Ca 2ϩ (Figure 4c ), which in turn increases -calpain activity leading to the degradation of ␤-catenin.","[2.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,2.6666666666666665,tweets,739158427583184896
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_tweet_19,Awesome new work from the lab of Sabine Petry shows that XMAP215 and gamma-tubulin ring complex work together to stimulate #microtubule nucleation. @username  ,We further demonstrate that XMAP215 directly interacts with γ -tubulin via its C terminus.,Awesome new work from the lab of Sabine Petry shows that XMAP215 and gamma-tubulin ring complex work together to stimulate #microtubule nucleation. @username  ,"XMAP215 and γ -TuRC operate synergistically to generate MTs in vitro, and the C terminus of XMAP215 is required for this cooperation. We further demonstrate that XMAP215 directly interacts with γ -tubulin via its C terminus. Thus, XMAP215 is a major MT nucleation factor that functions with γ -TuRC to give rise to the MT cytoskeleton.","[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.0,tweets,996853084650385408
10.15252/embj.201798311,Biology_tweet_205,Regenerative proliferation of differentiated cells by mTORC1‐dependent paligenosis @username New EMBO J paper  and press release  ,We found that mTORC1 activity was specifically required for progression through S-phase.,Regenerative proliferation of differentiated cells by mTORC1‐dependent paligenosis @username New EMBO J paper  and press release  ,A similar pattern of changes in mTORC1 activity relative to metaplasia and the differentiated vs. proliferative phenotype was observed in human patients. We found that mTORC1 activity was specifically required for progression through S-phase. mTORC1 activation is also needed for yeast to pass through G1 into S-phase as they emerge from quiescence .,"[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.5,tweets,966648815410470912
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018,Biology_tweet_211,New today!  The convergence of genes &amp; pathways dysregulated in #autism spectrum disorders.    #OA,"Our data (1) confirm excess burden of genome-wide rare genic CNVs in an independent set of ASD subjects versus control subjects; (2) further reveal an extreme degree of etiological heterogeneity (36 different genetic loci were found among 82 individuals with pathogenic CNVs); (3) confirm the contribution of de novo CNVs to the etiology of autism and highlight the contribution of inherited pathogenic imbalances (36%); (4) show an increased proportion of females among carriers of highly penetrant pathogenic CNVs, as well as among carriers of deletions affecting FMRP targets; show no significant difference in the frequency of de novo CNVs between simplex and multiplex families; show that both deletions and duplications involving FMRP targets and PSD genes increase ASD risk; (7) show evidence of multigene contributions to ASD; show that ASD-associated deletions impair synapse function and neurodevelopmental processes; (9) implicate chromatin and transcription regulation genes in ASD in a network analysis of de novo CNVs; and show that genes affected by de novo CNVs and de novo LoF SNVs converge on functional gene networks.",New today!  The convergence of genes &amp; pathways dysregulated in #autism spectrum disorders.    #OA,"Thus, despite little overlap in genes, the strong interconnectedness between the resulting networks identifies pathways through which the effects of distinct mutations might converge. Our data (1) confirm excess burden of genome-wide rare genic CNVs in an independent set of ASD subjects versus control subjects; (2) further reveal an extreme degree of etiological heterogeneity (36 different genetic loci were found among 82 individuals with pathogenic CNVs); (3) confirm the contribution of de novo CNVs to the etiology of autism and highlight the contribution of inherited pathogenic imbalances (36%); (4) show an increased proportion of females among carriers of highly penetrant pathogenic CNVs, as well as among carriers of deletions affecting FMRP targets; show no significant difference in the frequency of de novo CNVs between simplex and multiplex families; show that both deletions and duplications involving FMRP targets and PSD genes increase ASD risk; (7) show evidence of multigene contributions to ASD; show that ASD-associated deletions impair synapse function and neurodevelopmental processes; (9) implicate chromatin and transcription regulation genes in ASD in a network analysis of de novo CNVs; and show that genes affected by de novo CNVs and de novo LoF SNVs converge on functional gene networks. Importantly, when considering highly penetrant pathogenic CNVs, we found a 2:1 male-to-female ratio (deviating from the overall ratio of 6:1 in the study sample).","[4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.8,tweets,459362313523310592
10.1111/1365-2435.12323,Biology_tweet_219,this FunEcology study by Silvia Rossinelli of tradeoffs in #evolution of specialisation is Highly Commended ,The negative relationship between diet breadth and establishment success suggests the existence of significant fitness trade-offs with diet breadth; these trade-offs appear to be widespread and generally involved in the evolution of dietary specialization in the hyper-diverse taxon of parasitic wasps.,this FunEcology study by Silvia Rossinelli of tradeoffs in #evolution of specialisation is Highly Commended ,Establishment success was higher than average in Australasia and the Palearctic region (Fig. The negative relationship between diet breadth and establishment success suggests the existence of significant fitness trade-offs with diet breadth; these trade-offs appear to be widespread and generally involved in the evolution of dietary specialization in the hyper-diverse taxon of parasitic wasps. It might be that some of the generalist species included in our study actually are cryptic species complexes consisting of multiple species with narrower host ranges.,"[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Biology,val,3.0,tweets,712599212496666624
10.1038/jcbfm.2015.38,Biology_tweet_226,Steroids can rapidly restore blood-brain barrier function after blast injury ,"The bTBI model is capable of isolating interactions between the BBB culture and blast overpressure alone, substantially reducing the influence of inertial loading, thereby enabling precise investigation of primary blast injury.",Steroids can rapidly restore blood-brain barrier function after blast injury ,"These findings hold important implications for development of a potential therapy for restoring BBB integrity and function after bTBI. The bTBI model is capable of isolating interactions between the BBB culture and blast overpressure alone, substantially reducing the influence of inertial loading, thereby enabling precise investigation of primary blast injury. kPa peak incident overpressure, 1.06 ± 0.01 ms duration, and 16 ± 1.5 kPa ms impulse in the open-tube configuration.","[1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,2.0,tweets,576368450152579072
10.1038/s41592-019-0404-0,Biology_tweet_236,"The SABER paper is now out! 🔬🐟😍 

You can find it here:  Website with lots of helpful info/protocols to help make your FISH 🔥🔥🔥🔥: 

Congrats @username @username @_emmarosewest @username @username @username🍾 ","To successfully deploy a large number of orthogonal concatemers simultaneously using SABER, we also needed to design many orthogonal PER concatemer sequences.","The SABER paper is now out! 🔬🐟😍 

You can find it here:  Website with lots of helpful info/protocols to help make your FISH 🔥🔥🔥🔥: 

Congrats @username @username @_emmarosewest @username @username @username🍾 ","With this Exchange-SABER approach, a multitude of PERconcatemerized probe sets can be hybridized to their targets simultaneously and read out in sequential rounds of imaging (Fig. To successfully deploy a large number of orthogonal concatemers simultaneously using SABER, we also needed to design many orthogonal PER concatemer sequences. 1i ).","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.4,tweets,1130522181878702080
10.1038/s41598-018-25847-1,Biology_tweet_239,"Our new research on how wildfire smoke affects orangutans was just published in @username this morning! @username @username 

#RedApe","The impacts on wildlife inhabiting Borneo, where air pollution was 15 times worse than that in Singapore, are likely to be much more severe and could be longer-lasting .","Our new research on how wildfire smoke affects orangutans was just published in @username this morning! @username @username 

#RedApe","Our findings complement a recent study conducted in Singapore, where ecological community acoustic activity was significantly reduced during the 2015 haze produced by Indonesia's peatland fires, exhibiting only partial recovery 16 weeks after the smoke had dissipated . The impacts on wildlife inhabiting Borneo, where air pollution was 15 times worse than that in Singapore, are likely to be much more severe and could be longer-lasting . The unexpected loss of an estimated 93,000 Bornean orangutans from intact forests in Kalimantan between 1999 and 2015 indicates that drivers independent of land-use change are contributing to their population declines .","[3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.6666666666666665,tweets,996321214393147392
10.1186/1550-2783-10-5,Biology_tweet_241,"“@username: Nutrient timing revisited by Aragon AA &amp; Schoenfeld BJ 

grab a cup of tea and take in the discussion",These results support the presence of a post-exercise window and suggest that delaying post-workout nutrient intake may impede muscular gains.,"“@username: Nutrient timing revisited by Aragon AA &amp; Schoenfeld BJ 

grab a cup of tea and take in the discussion","At the end of the study period, cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris and mean fiber area were significantly increased in the P0 group while no significant increase was seen in P2. These results support the presence of a post-exercise window and suggest that delaying post-workout nutrient intake may impede muscular gains. In contrast to these findings, Verdijk et al.","[1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.0,tweets,299464455866175488
10.1038/nn.3415,Biology_tweet_244,Possible mechanism behind #sleep defects in #FragileX and #autism ,"Conceivably, this means that subtle defects in neuronal ensemble dynamics that alter spontaneous replay and learning, particularly at early stages of cortical development, could result in intellectual dysfunction or autism.",Possible mechanism behind #sleep defects in #FragileX and #autism ,"For example, sleep replay of awake experience in the cortex is probably critical for memory consolidation 4 . Conceivably, this means that subtle defects in neuronal ensemble dynamics that alter spontaneous replay and learning, particularly at early stages of cortical development, could result in intellectual dysfunction or autism. Such hyperexcitability could be triggered by defects in how network activity emerges in the cortex during development 15 or how it is modulated by different behavioral brain states .","[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,2.0,tweets,341426764070936578
10.1038/nature25173,Biology_tweet_247,"The genome sequence of an ancient human infant who lived in Alaska around 11,500 years ago is reported this week  ",Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians.,"The genome sequence of an ancient human infant who lived in Alaska around 11,500 years ago is reported this week  ",", and that Native American gene flow into Inuits was through northern and not southern Native American groups . Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians. Humans were present in the Americas south of the continental ice sheets by around .6 ka , indicating that they traversed Beringia earlier.","[2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.75,tweets,948617486601252866
10.1098/rsos.171782,Biology_tweet_251,"Horse forelimb digits revisited:
","We suggest that the presence of these 'miniature hooves' in Equus and Hipparion indicates that digits I and V are partially expressed distally, and are not absent as previously suggested.","Horse forelimb digits revisited:
","We expected to find a medial wing on the distal phalanx of Hyracotherium, representing the single missing digit, but this taxon shows no apparent evidence of the pollex distally. We suggest that the presence of these 'miniature hooves' in Equus and Hipparion indicates that digits I and V are partially expressed distally, and are not absent as previously suggested. If these digits were to continue distally, their projected position would be ventral to the dominant distal phalanx, consistent with the location of the double-sided frog.","[1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.4,tweets,956168308134371328
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_tweet_252,"The use of #chemotherapy in #BreastCancer is standard &amp; effective, however despite it, patients still develop metastasis. New #research published at @username suggests that chemo treated breast tumors produce small vesicles that could aid metastasis.  ","Accordingly, Anxa6 KO bEnd.3 cells had defective NF-kB activation and Ccl2 transcription in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) compared with Anxa6 WT cells; notably, neither Csf1 nor Cxcl12 were regulated by ANXA6 ( Supplementary Fig.","The use of #chemotherapy in #BreastCancer is standard &amp; effective, however despite it, patients still develop metastasis. New #research published at @username suggests that chemo treated breast tumors produce small vesicles that could aid metastasis.  ","Conversely, PTX-EVs isolated from 4T1-mCh or PyMT-IK1 cells increased NF-kB activity and Ccl2 expression in Rela-proficient bEnd.3 cells; notably, these responses required ANXA6 in EVs. Accordingly, Anxa6 KO bEnd.3 cells had defective NF-kB activation and Ccl2 transcription in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) compared with Anxa6 WT cells; notably, neither Csf1 nor Cxcl12 were regulated by ANXA6 ( Supplementary Fig. Similar to PTX-EV, DOX-EVs from 4T1 cells increased the levels of Ccl2 transcripts (Fig.","[1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.4,tweets,1080345032857698304
10.1073/pnas.1400547111,Biology_tweet_268,Origin of animals may **NOT** have been triggered by oxygen. ,"Although levels of atmospheric oxygen may have reached 10% PAL by 580 Ma, the geochemical record does not preclude oxygen levels of 0.5-4% PAL during the Cryogenian Period .",Origin of animals may **NOT** have been triggered by oxygen. ,"Such an early evolution for sponges would be well before the general oxygenation of the deep oceans in the Ediacaran Period. Although levels of atmospheric oxygen may have reached 10% PAL by 580 Ma, the geochemical record does not preclude oxygen levels of 0.5-4% PAL during the Cryogenian Period . Indeed, oxygen levels this high may have been reached as early as the Great Oxidation Event some 2.3-2.4 billion years ago and may have persisted at these levels through much of the intervening time , with some likely swings to lower levels, however, around 1.8 billion years ago .","[4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.5,tweets,435929288001335296
10.1038/nature25173,Biology_tweet_291,"@username @username Some indigenous people, like the Navajo, say they were always here. The Clovis were maybe* here from Europe, 13k years ago. The Beringeans were here more than 20k years ago. DNA shows they were of ancient Northeast Eurasian and East Asian descent. ",Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians.,"@username @username Some indigenous people, like the Navajo, say they were always here. The Clovis were maybe* here from Europe, 13k years ago. The Beringeans were here more than 20k years ago. DNA shows they were of ancient Northeast Eurasian and East Asian descent. ",", and that Native American gene flow into Inuits was through northern and not southern Native American groups . Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians. Humans were present in the Americas south of the continental ice sheets by around .6 ka , indicating that they traversed Beringia earlier.","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.0,tweets,1049286965693231109
10.1038/nature25173,Biology_tweet_298,"“This is a new population of Native Americans – the white Native American.” 

DNA shows that one of the oldest Native Americans found, in Alaska, is a descendent from a group of people that came from Scandinavia.
 ",Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians.,"“This is a new population of Native Americans – the white Native American.” 

DNA shows that one of the oldest Native Americans found, in Alaska, is a descendent from a group of people that came from Scandinavia.
 ",", and that Native American gene flow into Inuits was through northern and not southern Native American groups . Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians. Humans were present in the Americas south of the continental ice sheets by around .6 ka , indicating that they traversed Beringia earlier.","[5.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,tweets,951916086043148288
10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.018,Biology_tweet_4,Healthy Gut Bacteria Can Extend Lifespan: ,Our study demonstrates that regulating host/commensal interactions in barrier epithelia can significantly delay age-related pathologies and extend lifespan.,Healthy Gut Bacteria Can Extend Lifespan: ,"Further studies are needed to resolve this question. Our study demonstrates that regulating host/commensal interactions in barrier epithelia can significantly delay age-related pathologies and extend lifespan. We show here, however, that lifespan extension can be achieved by improving innate immune homeostasis to stabilize the gut microbiota rather than by eliminating all bacteria from the gut.","[5.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.75,tweets,434860275624194048
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_tweet_53,Nice new paper in @username from Sabine Petry's lab: synergy in #microtubule nucleation in XMAP215 and g-TURC ,"To address this, we depleted the γ -TuRC from Xenopus extracts and induced MT nucleation by RanQ69L, whereas XMAP215 and proteins that are required for branching MT nucleation were not depleted ( Supplementary Fig.",Nice new paper in @username from Sabine Petry's lab: synergy in #microtubule nucleation in XMAP215 and g-TURC ,"Our results show that XMAP215 is essential for MT generation, similar to the universal nucleator γ -TuRC, yet is γ -TuRC required for nucleation by XMAP215? To address this, we depleted the γ -TuRC from Xenopus extracts and induced MT nucleation by RanQ69L, whereas XMAP215 and proteins that are required for branching MT nucleation were not depleted ( Supplementary Fig. Almost no MTs formed with endogenous levels of XMAP215 level in the absence of γ -TuRC (Fig.","[4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,3.5,tweets,989618672812601345
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.043,Biology_tweet_58,A paper @username looks at APC's tumor suppressor role in colonic crypts in light of the tissue architecture  #OA,"Our results reveal a tumor suppressing function arising from the interactions between dynamic subcellular APC network and the adhesion gradient in the crypt, which promotes the elimination of mutant cells with high Wnt signaling.",A paper @username looks at APC's tumor suppressor role in colonic crypts in light of the tissue architecture  #OA,"This observation suggests that the effects of mutations are modulated by a dynamic competition between tumor promoting and suppressive forces that may depend on the signaling status of individual cells and their local microenvironment. Our results reveal a tumor suppressing function arising from the interactions between dynamic subcellular APC network and the adhesion gradient in the crypt, which promotes the elimination of mutant cells with high Wnt signaling. Subversion of these interactions permits mutant cells to persist in the crypt and initiate CRC.","[3.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.6666666666666665,tweets,449249503192055810
10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x,Biology_tweet_62,Study: Whey protein may have a role in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in diabetes patients. ,Plasma insulin levels at the first 30 min were higher and increased more rapidly after whey pre-load (Fig.,Study: Whey protein may have a role in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in diabetes patients. ,"Whey protein significantly increased the postprandial early insulin release. Plasma insulin levels at the first 30 min were higher and increased more rapidly after whey pre-load (Fig. Over the late interval, AUC 60-120 min , and during the complete post-meal period (0-180 min), plasma insulin levels were also significantly higher after whey preload than after placebo (Fig.","[4.0, 1.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,4.0,tweets,497107398700847104
10.1073/pnas.1423995112,Biology_tweet_63,This is interesting. Non-native plants in the UK don't have negative impacts on British biodiversity ,"First, non-native plant species that were established in the past should be continuing to increase more than native species.",This is interesting. Non-native plants in the UK don't have negative impacts on British biodiversity ,"However, it is possible to evaluate two conditions that need to be met if past introductions are likely to cause future extinctions. First, non-native plant species that were established in the past should be continuing to increase more than native species. In contrast, if cover changes of native species are larger than those of the non-natives, it implies that other environmental drivers feature more strongly than biological invasions in altering the composition of communities.","[5.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,tweets,580091008517586944
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_tweet_69,Study: Replacing steel&amp;concrete w/ #wood in building construction reduces GHGs &amp; reduce fossil fuel use @username .,The greatest CO 2 and FF savings from wood use are by avoiding the excess FF energy used to make steel and concrete structures (avoidance pathway).,Study: Replacing steel&amp;concrete w/ #wood in building construction reduces GHGs &amp; reduce fossil fuel use @username .,"Consequently, efficient wood use could make an important but not overwhelming contribution to saving CO 2 and FF globally, even if only part of its potential savings were realized. The greatest CO 2 and FF savings from wood use are by avoiding the excess FF energy used to make steel and concrete structures (avoidance pathway). Wood products are more efficient than wood energy for CO 2 and FF savings; however, up to 37 % of the world's annual CO 2 emissions and 27% of the FF use could be saved if all wood growth not used in construction were used for energy (energy pathway; Figure 6b-c) .","[3.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0]",Biology,val,4.25,tweets,451107733408727040
10.1038/s41467-018-04292-8,Biology_tweet_71,@username researchers have reported two-step polymerization strategy to develop #reprocessable #thermosets for #sustainable #3Dprinting (3DPRTs) @username  ,"However, once these thermosetting photopolymers form 3D parts through photopolymerization, the covalent networks are permanent and cannot be reprocessed, i.e., reshaped, repaired, or recycled.",@username researchers have reported two-step polymerization strategy to develop #reprocessable #thermosets for #sustainable #3Dprinting (3DPRTs) @username  ,"However, once these thermosetting photopolymers form 3D parts through photopolymerization, the covalent networks are permanent and cannot be reprocessed, i.e., reshaped, repaired, or recycled. These 3DPRTs provide a practical solution to address environmental challenges associated with the rapid increase in consumption of 3D printing materials. Compatibility with UV curing-based 3D printing makes thermosetting photopolymers ideal for printing high-resolution structures at micro-scales , submicro-scales , and even nano-scales [1] .","[3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.5,tweets,999576336120233984
10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.03.002,Biology_tweet_79,"We conclude that this #ZFN-based platform for expression of therapeutic proteins from the albumin locus is a promising approach for treatment of #MPS II and other #lysosomal diseases.
$SGMO #raredisease  ","Remarkably, the high level of IDS expression achieved in animals administered the highest dose of ZFN+hIDS donor encoding vectors prevented emergence of a neurocognitive deficit exhibited in control MPS II animals.","We conclude that this #ZFN-based platform for expression of therapeutic proteins from the albumin locus is a promising approach for treatment of #MPS II and other #lysosomal diseases.
$SGMO #raredisease  ","The levels of hIDS achieved in the circulation increased in a dose-dependent manner, and IDS was subsequently taken up from the circulation by secondary tissues, resulting in normalization of GAG storage levels. Remarkably, the high level of IDS expression achieved in animals administered the highest dose of ZFN+hIDS donor encoding vectors prevented emergence of a neurocognitive deficit exhibited in control MPS II animals. 14, However, episomal expression of a transgene in the liver is unlikely to achieve long-term expression in a pediatric patient population, due to the high proliferative rate of hepatocytes in this population.","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Biology,val,3.0,tweets,972769492391616513
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Biology_tweet_84,RT Going from 2 X's to 1: Mammalian X inactivation relies on stepwise folding of #chromosome compartments aided by SMCHD1  MGH_RI harvardmed HHMINEWS ,"With its ATPase domain Chen et al., 2016) , SMCHD1 might serve as Xist's engine to drive attenuation of both compartments and TADs to complete the final Xi transformation.",RT Going from 2 X's to 1: Mammalian X inactivation relies on stepwise folding of #chromosome compartments aided by SMCHD1  MGH_RI harvardmed HHMINEWS ,"This idea is supported by the nearly homogeneous distribution of SMCHD1 on the Xi, contacting both S1 and S2 compartments ( Figure 6 ). With its ATPase domain Chen et al., 2016) , SMCHD1 might serve as Xist's engine to drive attenuation of both compartments and TADs to complete the final Xi transformation. Future work will test our stepwise folding Origami Model.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,1.25,tweets,1004761021565886464
10.1098/rspb.2013.2582,Biology_tweet_85,Domestication has changed the olfactory sense of silk moths #silkworm #domestication #olfaction ,"Hence, changes in the neural coding of environmental odorants in domesticated silkmoth females could occur because they had no impact on the survival of offspring.",Domestication has changed the olfactory sense of silk moths #silkworm #domestication #olfaction ,"In B. mori females, however, the olfactory code was much more variable from individual to individual than in the five other insect species investigated and was thus less reliable. Hence, changes in the neural coding of environmental odorants in domesticated silkmoth females could occur because they had no impact on the survival of offspring. Thus, the amplitude of antennal responses (linked to the W chromosome) and the representation of odours in the brain (not linked to the W chromosome) seem to be controlled by genes located on different chromosomes.","[4.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.333333333333333,tweets,403467984737681408
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.018,Biology_tweet_91,"112 authors find ""an extreme degree of etiological heterogeneity"" in autism  Autism Genome Project rare CNV study","Taken together, our results suggest that rare variants affecting ASD risk in the population collectively encompass hundreds of genes.","112 authors find ""an extreme degree of etiological heterogeneity"" in autism  Autism Genome Project rare CNV study","Whereas the majority of the 97 genes in the CNV or SNV network (not including the genes already known to be involved in ASD) most likely act via haploinsufficiency, a few are affected by duplications. Our findings implicate many ASD candidate genes altered by de novo, inherited, or X-linked CNVs (e.g., SETD5, miR137, and HDAC9 [MIM 606543]; Supplemental Data section ''Highlighted Genes'') or altered by both de novo CNVs and LoF SNVs (e.g., RIMS1, TRIP12, and DLL1; Figures 4B and 5 ). Taken together, our results suggest that rare variants affecting ASD risk in the population collectively encompass hundreds of genes.","[2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Biology,val,2.0,tweets,459411577259974657
10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.007,Biology_tweet_96,Going from 2 X's to 1: Mammalian X inactivation relies on stepwise folding of #chromosome compartments aided by SMCHD1  @username @username @username ,We conclude that SMCHD1 plays a critical role in organizing Xi structures by merging chromatin compartments.,Going from 2 X's to 1: Mammalian X inactivation relies on stepwise folding of #chromosome compartments aided by SMCHD1  @username @username @username ,"SMCHD1 depletion thus revealed a tendency of Xist-rich and Xist-poor chromatin to form distinct spatial compartments, a hidden layer of architectural organization obscured on the normal Xi. We conclude that SMCHD1 plays a critical role in organizing Xi structures by merging chromatin compartments. Interestingly, however, by employing in situ Hi-C, we observed clearly discernible TADs, albeit weak, across the entire Xi of WT NPCs at 40-kb resolution (Figures 5A and S4C) .","[4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 5.0]",Biology,val,3.5,tweets,1004759731775463426
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_tweet_97,More CO2 can be sequestered in ..products or wood energy ...together than in the unharvested landscape. ,"Unless extremely efficient, wood burned solely for energy (energy pathway) without being the residual of wood product manufacture saves less CO 2 than was in the unburned wood.",More CO2 can be sequestered in ..products or wood energy ...together than in the unharvested landscape. ,"Compared to avoidance and storage pathways, relatively little CO 2 and FF are saved by the wood energy used to manufacture wood products. Unless extremely efficient, wood burned solely for energy (energy pathway) without being the residual of wood product manufacture saves less CO 2 than was in the unburned wood. Wood energy can save FF, although less than using wood for most solid products (Figure 4b ).","[3.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Biology,val,3.333333333333333,tweets,865457389046124545
10.1080/10549811.2013.839386,Biology_easy_23,"Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest.","With efficient product use and harvesting, more CO 2 is saved in the avoided emissions, products, and wood energy than is lost instantaneously from the harvested forest.","Wood-based construction consumes much less energy than concrete or steel construction. Through efficient harvesting and product use, more CO 2 is saved through the avoided emissions, materials, and wood energy than is lost from the harvested forest. ""This study shows still another reason to appreciate forests -- and another reason to not let them be permanently cleared for agriculture,"" said Chadwick Oliver, the Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies, director of the Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry at F&ES and lead author of the new study.","A wide range of savings can be obtained depending on the specific wood building material, the nonwood product being replaced, the amount of harvest that can be used for products (merchantable logs), and the efficiency of burning the scrap-wood and unmerchantable logs for energy. With efficient product use and harvesting, more CO 2 is saved in the avoided emissions, products, and wood energy than is lost instantaneously from the harvested forest. Energy from burning the nonproduct scrap-wood and unmerchantable wood contributes an additional CO 2 and FF savings during the manufacture of wood products (Figure 5a-b) , but not as effectively as if this wood had been used to make most products.",[5],Biology,val,5.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331170635.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1098/rspb.2013.2582,Biology_easy_31,"Perception of the pheromone bombykol, however, remained highly sensitive in domesticated males.","Remarkably, the response profiles of the hybrid females resembled the profiles of their respective mothers: mother-mandarina hybrids reacted like wild females, especially regarding their high EAG amplitudes after stimulation with (+)-linalool, whereas mother-mori hybrids reacted like domesticated females ( figure 2d,f ) .","Perception of the pheromone bombykol, however, remained highly sensitive in domesticated males. Bombyx mori males' are highly sensitive to even a few molecules of the female attractant, and the sensilla on their antennae are easily accessible for electrodes. This made them an ideal model system for electrophysiological measurements to analyse their olfactory functions.","In females, however, we observed a clear difference between the two hybrids. Remarkably, the response profiles of the hybrid females resembled the profiles of their respective mothers: mother-mandarina hybrids reacted like wild females, especially regarding their high EAG amplitudes after stimulation with (+)-linalool, whereas mother-mori hybrids reacted like domesticated females ( figure 2d,f ) . The analysis revealed that mother-mandarina hybrid females group together with B. mandarina females, whereas the other types cluster densely in a second group.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131121103838.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1098/rsos.171782,Biology_easy_34,"Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints.""","This resembles the elevation seen on metacarpals II and IV in Equus, where it is expanded and triangular proximally and tapers distally into a thin ridge.","""While this explanation of the second and fourth digits is viable, it is incomplete and fails to account for the animal's first and fifth digits,"" the paleontologists said. Fragments of the 'missing' digits can be found in the form of ridges on the backside of the splints."" According to the team, this demonstrates that the first and fifth digits were not simply lost to evolution, but attached to their neighboring second and fourth digits.","We believe these fusion lines indicate that the ridges are separate structures from the splint metacarpals, digits I and V, that throughout time have embedded onto the surfaces of digits II and V. In Hyracotherium, where digits II-V are fully present, only metacarpal II possesses a clear ventral ridge. This resembles the elevation seen on metacarpals II and IV in Equus, where it is expanded and triangular proximally and tapers distally into a thin ridge. The lack of ridges on the other metacarpals of Hyracotherium reinforces this hypothesis, as all other digits are already present.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Biology_easy_35,"This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March.",SSTs in the NZI region and SWUS precipitation exhibited statistically significant (α = 0.05 significance level) correlations (Fig.,"""Knowing how much rain to expect in the coming winter is crucial for the economy, water security and ecosystem management of the region."" This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March. ""With the New Zealand Index, we can predict from late summer the likelihood of above- or below-normal winter precipitation in the southwestern U.S., with a correlation in the order of 0.7 - compared to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation technique, which has a correlation around 0.3 to 0.4,"" said lead author Antonios Mamalakis, a UCI graduate student in civil and environmental engineering.","Important insight about the physical mechanism underpinning the NZI teleconnection is gained by exploring the dynamic evolution of the relationship between winter precipitation in the SWUS and ocean and atmosphere state variables in the Pacific basin during the preceding year. SSTs in the NZI region and SWUS precipitation exhibited statistically significant (α = 0.05 significance level) correlations (Fig. 4 ) during boreal spring (correlations of −0.5), which strengthened during boreal summer, and reached maximum values in fall (correlations of −0.7).",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34341307833&p=1pl&v=1&x=fxMarrtr5l4msq81mlwaWg
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Biology_easy_41,"Mamalakis said the unexpected result was the discovery of persistent sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure patterns in the southwestern Pacific Ocean that exhibited a strong correlation with precipitation in Southern California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah.","Accordingly, NZI is associated with a dipole pattern along the west coast of the US, which is evident in both zonal winds of the upper atmosphere, as well as in precipitation amounts (see Supplementary Fig.","""Our research also shows an amplification of this newly discovered teleconnection over the past four decades."" Mamalakis said the unexpected result was the discovery of persistent sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure patterns in the southwestern Pacific Ocean that exhibited a strong correlation with precipitation in Southern California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. ""The discovery of an interhemispheric bridge that affects the winter U.S. jet stream holds the promise of improved precipitation predictability and drought forecasts.""","In contrast, warm SSTs in the NZI region excite positive anomalies in the northwestern Pacific, deflecting the jet stream northward (at 45°-50°N), and leading to wet conditions over the northwestern US, and dry conditions in SWUS. Accordingly, NZI is associated with a dipole pattern along the west coast of the US, which is evident in both zonal winds of the upper atmosphere, as well as in precipitation amounts (see Supplementary Fig. 9 ).",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34341307833&p=1pl&v=1&x=fxMarrtr5l4msq81mlwaWg
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_43,They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy.,"In particular, PTX increased the incidence (Fig.","When the researchers neutralised annexin-A6 or blocked the monocytes, the experimental breast tumour no longer spread to the lungs. They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. 'While this observation supports the significance of our findings, at the moment we don't know if annexin-A6 has any pro-metastatic activity in human breast cancer,' Professor De Palma added.","However, it resulted in increased pulmonary tumour deposits in a fraction of the mice, in line with previous findings . In particular, PTX increased the incidence (Fig. 1f,g ) and mean size (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38145408578&p=1pl&v=1&x=hA8rmZwhWq3wBFkvbo6hLw
10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.03.002,Biology_easy_58,"""The continuous supply of enzyme produced by the genome-edited liver cells in these young mice not only protected organs and tissue from damage, but importantly also promoted passage across the blood brain barrier to exert neuroprotective effects.","Remarkably, the high level of IDS expression achieved in animals administered the highest dose of ZFN+hIDS donor encoding vectors prevented emergence of a neurocognitive deficit exhibited in control MPS II animals.","Importantly, treatment with Sangamo's genome editing therapy at the highest dose level also prevented the development of neurocognitive deficit in the young MPS II model mice, as measured by the Barnes Maze test. ""The continuous supply of enzyme produced by the genome-edited liver cells in these young mice not only protected organs and tissue from damage, but importantly also promoted passage across the blood brain barrier to exert neuroprotective effects. The absence of IDS enzyme, results in lysosomal GAG accumulation, leading to skeletal abnormalities, cardiac and respiratory obstructions, organomegaly, and in severe cases of the disease neurological impairment and death when patients reach adolescence.","The levels of hIDS achieved in the circulation increased in a dose-dependent manner, and IDS was subsequently taken up from the circulation by secondary tissues, resulting in normalization of GAG storage levels. Remarkably, the high level of IDS expression achieved in animals administered the highest dose of ZFN+hIDS donor encoding vectors prevented emergence of a neurocognitive deficit exhibited in control MPS II animals. 14, However, episomal expression of a transgene in the liver is unlikely to achieve long-term expression in a pediatric patient population, due to the high proliferative rate of hepatocytes in this population.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33720618650&p=1pl&v=1&x=mxBKrIiAWVINTqbMwybMMg
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_61,They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy.,"In addition, the EV-associated proteins CD9, CD81 and syntenin-1 were enriched in EVs compared with producer cells as demonstrated by western blot analysis ( Supplementary Fig.","When the researchers neutralised annexin-A6 or blocked the monocytes, the experimental breast tumour no longer spread to the lungs. They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. 'While this observation supports the significance of our findings, at the moment we don't know if annexin-A6 has any pro-metastatic activity in human breast cancer,' Professor De Palma added.","The resulting preparations were highly enriched in small EVs, as shown by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Fig. In addition, the EV-associated proteins CD9, CD81 and syntenin-1 were enriched in EVs compared with producer cells as demonstrated by western blot analysis ( Supplementary Fig. Although we cannot rule out copurification of small apoptotic bodies, the physical and molecular properties of the preparations are consistent with bona fide EVs with a mode size between 100 and 150 nm.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38145408578&p=1pl&v=1&x=hA8rmZwhWq3wBFkvbo6hLw
10.1038/nn.3415,Biology_easy_63,"And, he noted, since sleep is important for encoding memories and consolidating learning, this hyperexcitability of brain networks in FXS may interfere with the process of laying down new memories, and perhaps explain the learning disability in children with FXS.","However, when we examined only EEG epochs with L/H power > 200, which others have used as an arbitrary cut-off that represents slow-wave sleep , we found that Fmr1 −/− mice had higher firing rates (Fmr1 −/− , 0.27 ± 0.017 Hz, n = 5 recordings; wild type, 0.22 ± 0.0096 Hz, n = 6 recordings; P = 0.023, t test; Fig.","""Interestingly, we found that the high firing and synchrony were especially apparent at times when the animals were asleep. And, he noted, since sleep is important for encoding memories and consolidating learning, this hyperexcitability of brain networks in FXS may interfere with the process of laying down new memories, and perhaps explain the learning disability in children with FXS. Hopefully, this may be helpful to treat symptoms of FXS,"" he said.","Pair-wise correlation coefficients (as determined from calcium traces, 100 µm distance between pairs) showed a nearly significant trend toward higher synchrony with higher L/H power in Fmr1 −/− mice at P14-16, but not in wild-type mice (Fmr1 −/− , r 2 = 0.347, n = 10 recordings, P = 0.073; wild type, r 2 = 0.027, n = 13 recordings, P = 0.649; F test; Fig. However, when we examined only EEG epochs with L/H power > 200, which others have used as an arbitrary cut-off that represents slow-wave sleep , we found that Fmr1 −/− mice had higher firing rates (Fmr1 −/− , 0.27 ± 0.017 Hz, n = 5 recordings; wild type, 0.22 ± 0.0096 Hz, n = 6 recordings; P = 0.023, t test; Fig. 5e ) and higher correlation coefficients than wild-type mice (Fmr1 −/− , 0.25 ± 0.014, n = 5 recordings; wild type, 0.20 ± 0.015, n = 6 recordings; P = 0.039, t test; Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130603133326.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1073/pnas.1414156112,Biology_easy_70,"But its realization may be only years, not decades, away.",No significant differences were noted between tumor-bearing mice receiving I.T.,"That's a highly futuristic concept. But its realization may be only years, not decades, away. The scientists then showed that mice with tumors produced a substance that tumor-free mice didn't make.",Significant differences between these two groups were noted for up to 2 wk postadministration. No significant differences were noted between tumor-bearing mice receiving I.T. We also demonstrate that SEAP was not detectable in the blood after direct injection of our pSurv-driven MCs (20 μg) into a site of inflammatory injury (Fig.,[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.dddmag.com/news/2015/02/customized-dna-rings-aid-early-cancer-detection-mice
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_73,"When the researchers neutralised annexin-A6 or blocked the monocytes, the experimental breast tumour no longer spread to the lungs.","+ monocytes mediate EV-induced, pulmonary mammary cancer metastasis.","'In short, our study has identified a new link between chemotherapy and breast cancer metastasis,' Professor De Palma said. When the researchers neutralised annexin-A6 or blocked the monocytes, the experimental breast tumour no longer spread to the lungs. They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy.","These data strongly argue that Ly6C + monocytes mediate EV-induced, pulmonary mammary cancer metastasis. Because Anxa6 KO PTX-EV failed to enhance pulmonary colonization by 4T1-mCh cells (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38145408578&p=1pl&v=1&x=hA8rmZwhWq3wBFkvbo6hLw
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Biology_easy_95,"""The interhemispheric teleconnection that we have discovered promises earlier and more accurate prediction of winter precipitation in California and the southwestern U.S.,"" said study co-author Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, UCI Distinguished Professor of civil and environmental engineering.","SOI, in contrast, had the strongest correlation with winter precipitation of all the ENSO indices ( Fig.","""The interhemispheric teleconnection that we have discovered promises earlier and more accurate prediction of winter precipitation in California and the southwestern U.S.,"" said study co-author Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, UCI Distinguished Professor of civil and environmental engineering. ""Knowing how much rain to expect in the coming winter is crucial for the economy, water security and ecosystem management of the region."" This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March.","Niño 3 exhibited statistically insignificant correlation for the Jul-Sep interval (at α = 0.05 significance level), indicating that eastern Pacific SSTs may not be effective for SWUS precipitation prediction. SOI, in contrast, had the strongest correlation with winter precipitation of all the ENSO indices ( Fig. 2b ), suggesting that atmospheric pressure variations across the tropical central/ western Pacific may be more effective for prediction than SSTderived indices.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34341307833&p=1pl&v=1&x=fxMarrtr5l4msq81mlwaWg
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_113,"Importantly, the researchers found that neutralizing annexin-A6 or blocking monocytes during chemotherapy prevents the experimental mammary tumors from metastasizing to the lung.","Accordingly, Anxa6 KO bEnd.3 cells had defective NF-kB activation and Ccl2 transcription in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) compared with Anxa6 WT cells; notably, neither Csf1 nor Cxcl12 were regulated by ANXA6 ( Supplementary Fig.","However, De Palma cautions against jumping to conclusions: ""While this observation supports the significance of our findings, at the moment we don't know if annexin-A6 has any pro-metastatic activity in human breast cancer"". Importantly, the researchers found that neutralizing annexin-A6 or blocking monocytes during chemotherapy prevents the experimental mammary tumors from metastasizing to the lung. These results may help to improve the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.","Conversely, PTX-EVs isolated from 4T1-mCh or PyMT-IK1 cells increased NF-kB activity and Ccl2 expression in Rela-proficient bEnd.3 cells; notably, these responses required ANXA6 in EVs. Accordingly, Anxa6 KO bEnd.3 cells had defective NF-kB activation and Ccl2 transcription in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) compared with Anxa6 WT cells; notably, neither Csf1 nor Cxcl12 were regulated by ANXA6 ( Supplementary Fig. Similar to PTX-EV, DOX-EVs from 4T1 cells increased the levels of Ccl2 transcripts (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38137798805&p=1pl&v=1&x=Mx-te8jvmXTn1GLht1jmfg
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_127,The authors also stress their findings should not discourage people from receiving neoadjuvant chemo when it is needed.,"Similar to the results obtained with PTX-EV, DOX-EV enhanced metastasis compared with PBS-EV in an MMTV-PyMTbased lung colonization assay (Fig.","They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. 'While this observation supports the significance of our findings, at the moment we don't know if annexin-A6 has any pro-metastatic activity in human breast cancer,' Professor De Palma added. The authors also stress their findings should not discourage people from receiving neoadjuvant chemo when it is needed.","Similar to the results obtained with 4T1 cells, PTX-EVs increased the number of metastatic nodules in this MMTV-PyMT-based lung colonization assay (Fig. Similar to the results obtained with PTX-EV, DOX-EV enhanced metastasis compared with PBS-EV in an MMTV-PyMTbased lung colonization assay (Fig. Notably, neither PTX nor DOX directly increased metastasis in this assay; rather, the free drugs limited, or even abated, lung colonization by MMTV-PyMT tumour-derived cells (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38145408578&p=1pl&v=1&x=hA8rmZwhWq3wBFkvbo6hLw
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_easy_128,"""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today - quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution.""",Panarthropods are unlikely to be younger than 542 Ma (when there are already putative arthropod trace fossils; Table S1 ) or older than 650 Ma (which exceeds many recent molecular estimates for the age of panarthropods and the age of the oldest fossil evidence not only for arthropods but for any animals ).,"""In this study we've estimated that rates of both morphological and genetic evolution during the Cambrian explosion were five times faster than today - quite rapid, but perfectly consistent with Darwin's theory of evolution."" Their modelling showed that moderately accelerated evolution was sufficient to explain the seemingly sudden appearance of many groups of advanced animals in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion. ""It was during this Cambrian period that many of the most familiar traits associated with this group of animals evolved, like a hard exoskeleton, jointed legs, and compound (multi-faceted) eyes that are shared by all arthropods.","Early rates also remain highly elevated if root age is relaxed to 650 Ma, resulting in a ''long fuse,'' where basal arthropod divergences are telescoped across >100 Myr. Panarthropods are unlikely to be younger than 542 Ma (when there are already putative arthropod trace fossils; Table S1 ) or older than 650 Ma (which exceeds many recent molecular estimates for the age of panarthropods and the age of the oldest fossil evidence not only for arthropods but for any animals ). Placing a soft bound on root age reveals that, in order to reduce early Cambrian evolutionary rates to subsequent levels, one has to assume that panarthropods originated w940 Ma (Table S3) .",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.newswise.com/articles/biologists-measure-evolution-s-big-bang
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_easy_130,"They really are fundamental to cell biology.""",4 .6 2.8,"""Our study shows that microtubules in the cell are generated through cooperation between two molecules,"" said Akanksha Thawani, a fourth-year graduate student in Petry's lab who is the first author of the new paper. They really are fundamental to cell biology."" But there was a problem, said Petry.","Stoke's radius (nm) γ-Tubulin:XMAP215 ≈1:9 4 .6 2.8 Stoke's radii of reference proteins are marked at their peak elution: thyroglobulin (8.6 nm), aldolase (4.6 nm) and ovalbumin (2.8 nm).",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_132,They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy.,"h, Concentration (mean ± s.e.m.","When the researchers neutralised annexin-A6 or blocked the monocytes, the experimental breast tumour no longer spread to the lungs. They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. 'While this observation supports the significance of our findings, at the moment we don't know if annexin-A6 has any pro-metastatic activity in human breast cancer,' Professor De Palma added.","n = 9 mice for the PBS, CREMO 1, PTX (1 mg kg −1 and 10 mg kg ) and DOX groups, and n = 8 mice for the CREMO 10 group. h, Concentration (mean ± s.e.m. Unprocessed blots are shown in Supplementary Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38145408578&p=1pl&v=1&x=hA8rmZwhWq3wBFkvbo6hLw
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_easy_142,"Lee calls this pace ""fast, but not too fast"" to reconcile with Darwin's theory.","Thus, the assumption of rate constancy through time means that extensive morphological and molecular divergences between the primary arthropod groups must be accommodated on chronologically long branches, leading to very early basal divergences inconsistent with the fossil record.","The creatures' genetic codes were changing by about .117% every million years--approximately 5.5 times faster than modern estimates, the group reports online today in Current Biology. Lee calls this pace ""fast, but not too fast"" to reconcile with Darwin's theory. This combined model for genes and anatomy represents ""quite a stride forward,"" Wills says.","The present study reveals that in order to equalize morphological and molecular evolutionary rates before and after the Cambrian explosion, the root of panarthropods needs to be w940 Myr old (Table S3 : soft-bounded root). Thus, the assumption of rate constancy through time means that extensive morphological and molecular divergences between the primary arthropod groups must be accommodated on chronologically long branches, leading to very early basal divergences inconsistent with the fossil record. The present study reveals that constraining root age to any figure even loosely consistent with the fossil record (e.g., <650 Ma) implies elevated rates of morphological and molecular evolution in the late Precambrian.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://news.sciencemag.org/evolution/2013/09/evolution%E2%80%99s-clock-ticked-faster-dawn-modern-animals
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_easy_144,"Using the pure extractions of each protein, Petry's team was able to see that in a test tube, neither protein can nucleate microtubules without the other.",8C) .,"This was chiefly the contribution of Rachel Kadzik, a postdoctoral researcher in Petry's lab and a co-first-author on the paper who purified the g-TuRC and, with Thawani, purified the XMAP215. Using the pure extractions of each protein, Petry's team was able to see that in a test tube, neither protein can nucleate microtubules without the other. ""If we take XMAP215 out, not a single microtubule forms.","7 and Supplementary Fig. 8C) . Surprisingly, the C-terminal construct containing TOG5 and the C-terminal domain (TOG5-CT) strongly shifted γ -tubulin to an earlier elution volume, similar to the full-length XMAP215 (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1098/rsos.171782,Biology_easy_150,"""However, our dissections found between five and seven neurovascular bundles per forelimb, suggesting that additional toes begin to develop, but do not become fully differentiated.""","This further supports the identities of the ventral ridges and textured regions in the monodactyl and tridactyl horses as lost digits I and V. The digit identities of the fragments as I and V in Hypohippus are confirmed by carpal articulations; the rudiment of I articulates with the trapezium, and the rudiment of V articulates with the unciform.","""These findings show that today's horse is not truly monodactyl, and earlier ancestors were not in fact tridactyl or tetradactyl, that is, three-toed or four-toed."" The team also discovered neurovascular evidence in support of the five-digit theory, with dissections of modern equine fetus forelimbs revealing a greater number of arteries and nerves than would be expected in a single digit. ""However, our dissections found between five and seven neurovascular bundles per forelimb, suggesting that additional toes begin to develop, but do not become fully differentiated.""","These rudiments of the incomplete metacarpals I and V are in the same position as the ventral surface irregularities in Equus, Dinohippus and Mesohippus. This further supports the identities of the ventral ridges and textured regions in the monodactyl and tridactyl horses as lost digits I and V. The digit identities of the fragments as I and V in Hypohippus are confirmed by carpal articulations; the rudiment of I articulates with the trapezium, and the rudiment of V articulates with the unciform. Interestingly, despite a reduction in the number of complete digits and an increase in their size, the overall positions of individual elements and their borders in the manus has remained consistent throughout equid evolution.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/wxC9STBVDGc/new-theory-horse-evolution-05669.html
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_easy_162,"They really are fundamental to cell biology.""","To address this, we depleted the γ -TuRC from Xenopus extracts and induced MT nucleation by RanQ69L, whereas XMAP215 and proteins that are required for branching MT nucleation were not depleted ( Supplementary Fig.","""Our study shows that microtubules in the cell are generated through cooperation between two molecules,"" said Akanksha Thawani, a fourth-year graduate student in Petry's lab who is the first author of the new paper. They really are fundamental to cell biology."" But there was a problem, said Petry.","Our results show that XMAP215 is essential for MT generation, similar to the universal nucleator γ -TuRC, yet is γ -TuRC required for nucleation by XMAP215? To address this, we depleted the γ -TuRC from Xenopus extracts and induced MT nucleation by RanQ69L, whereas XMAP215 and proteins that are required for branching MT nucleation were not depleted ( Supplementary Fig. Almost no MTs formed with endogenous levels of XMAP215 level in the absence of γ -TuRC (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0,Biology_easy_167,"Depending on the Wnt activity, the cancer cells can switch back and forth between the stem cell state and a differentiated state.",Treatment of intestinal organoids from wild-type C57BL/6 mice with trametinib resulted in a significant induction of LGR5 and ASCL2 expression at 10 and 100 nM (Fig.,"The researchers thus provide a possible explanation for why these drugs are not effective in colorectal cancer. Depending on the Wnt activity, the cancer cells can switch back and forth between the stem cell state and a differentiated state. At the same time, the gene activity of the cancer cells changed to a stem cell-typical pattern.","6b) , and of LGR5, BIRC5, CCDN1 (Fig. Treatment of intestinal organoids from wild-type C57BL/6 mice with trametinib resulted in a significant induction of LGR5 and ASCL2 expression at 10 and 100 nM (Fig. Compared to the wild-type counterpart, the APC-KRAS line showed an increased basal expression level of AXIN2 and the intestinal stemness marker ASCL2 30 .",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39294832491&p=1pl&v=1&x=QJ8wnFvNi9c29ow9WS5NMA
10.1073/pnas.1414156112,Biology_easy_172,"The technique has the potential to apply to a broad range of cancers, so someday clinicians might be able not only to detect tumors, monitor the effectiveness of cancer therapies and guide the developments of anti-tumor drugs, but -- importantly -- to screen symptom-free populations for nascent tumors that might have otherwise gone undetected until they became larger and much tougher to treat.",Another potential issue to consider for translation is whether the production of enough MC for a human dose is feasible.,"The substance was easily detected 48 hours later by a simple blood test. The technique has the potential to apply to a broad range of cancers, so someday clinicians might be able not only to detect tumors, monitor the effectiveness of cancer therapies and guide the developments of anti-tumor drugs, but -- importantly -- to screen symptom-free populations for nascent tumors that might have otherwise gone undetected until they became larger and much tougher to treat. Complicating matters, these substances are also quite often made in healthy tissues, so a positive test result doesn't absolutely mean a person actually has cancer.","However, it also is quite possible that scaling across species will be nonlinear. Another potential issue to consider for translation is whether the production of enough MC for a human dose is feasible. Although the technology we used to generate our MCs yields amounts similar to those obtained with conventional plasmid preparations, and the MC production appears to be scalable , the ability to produce the amounts needed for human doses under GMP conditions remains to be fully validated.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.dddmag.com/news/2015/02/customized-dna-rings-aid-early-cancer-detection-mice
10.1073/pnas.1414156112,Biology_easy_178,"It will take much more time than that to prove that the approach is safe to use in humans, though, Gambhir cautioned.",pSurv-driven plasmids led to significantly higher FLuc activity in MeWo cells (***P < 0.001) and equivalent activity in MDA-MB-231 cells.,"""We haven't got it down to a pill yet, but the oral delivery part of this is likely a solvable problem -- only a few years off, not five or 10 years off."" It will take much more time than that to prove that the approach is safe to use in humans, though, Gambhir cautioned. Eventually, he said, he foresees variations, such as adding a second gene to the minicircles.",pPEG-driven plasmids led to significantly higher FLuc activity in fibroblasts than pSurv (*P < 0.05). pSurv-driven plasmids led to significantly higher FLuc activity in MeWo cells (***P < 0.001) and equivalent activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Significantly higher SEAP activity was observed in the medium of cells transfected with MCs from day 2 to day 7 (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).,[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.dddmag.com/news/2015/02/customized-dna-rings-aid-early-cancer-detection-mice
10.1186/1550-2783-10-5,Biology_easy_184,"However, there are some guidelines that may be helpful to follow.",These results support the presence of a post-exercise window and suggest that delaying post-workout nutrient intake may impede muscular gains.,"If you're not sure whether it's best to hit the gym on an empty stomach or fuel up your body with the right food, there are a few key factors to consider. However, there are some guidelines that may be helpful to follow. She says exercising without eating first may sabotage your whole workout.","At the end of the study period, cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris and mean fiber area were significantly increased in the P0 group while no significant increase was seen in P2. These results support the presence of a post-exercise window and suggest that delaying post-workout nutrient intake may impede muscular gains. In contrast to these findings, Verdijk et al.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39781460781&p=1pl&v=1&x=P4zRhdjGcASF9aYbnV9Q3w
10.1073/pnas.1414156112,Biology_easy_189,"Gambhir's team appears to have found a way to force any of numerous tumor types to produce a biomarker whose presence in the blood of mice unambiguously signifies cancer, because none of the rodents' tissues -- cancerous or otherwise -- would normally be making it.",(B) ROC analysis revealed a significant ability of the tumor-activatable MC system to differentiate tumor-bearing from healthy subjects by measuring and computing plasma SEAP AUC.,"Or a tumor -- especially a small one -- simply may not secrete enough of the trademark substance to be detectable. Gambhir's team appears to have found a way to force any of numerous tumor types to produce a biomarker whose presence in the blood of mice unambiguously signifies cancer, because none of the rodents' tissues -- cancerous or otherwise -- would normally be making it. The particular promoter Gambhir and his colleagues snapped into the minicircle ahead of the SEAP gene normally regulates a gene called survivin that, in adults, is only ""on"" in cancer cells.","(A) AUC analysis of plasma SEAP measurements over 2 wk revealed significant differences between tumor-bearing mice receiving MCs (n = 7) and healthy mice receiving either MCs (n = 7) or 5% glucose (n = 5) (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). (B) ROC analysis revealed a significant ability of the tumor-activatable MC system to differentiate tumor-bearing from healthy subjects by measuring and computing plasma SEAP AUC. Across six mice a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation was noted between these two measures, showing the ability of this tool to assess tumor burden provided that the tumor is in one location.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.dddmag.com/news/2015/02/customized-dna-rings-aid-early-cancer-detection-mice
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_easy_198,"Treatment also prevents damage to brain cells caused by these blood vessel changes, raising hope that it could offer a therapy for dementia.",We then filtered this resulting list of 32 genes further (Fig.,"Treatment also prevents damage to brain cells caused by these blood vessel changes, raising hope that it could offer a therapy for dementia. Treating rats with drugs that stop blood vessel cells from becoming dysfunctional reversed the symptoms of SVD and prevented brain damage, tests found. Researchers say that further studies will need to test whether the treatment also works when the disease is firmly established.","This effect is also independent of blood pressure, because normotensive DM rats treated with H+H showed little improvement, and hypertensive DM rats treated with simvastatin and cilostazol showed significant improvements in pathology. We then filtered this resulting list of 32 genes further (Fig. This reduced the list to six genes.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34467118781&p=1pl&v=1&x=3Rr-tSWgkLK_c5EdLkBpcQ
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_easy_208,"For the first time, researchers found how changes in the small blood vessels associated with SVD damage brain cells.","We looked at 304 SNPs within ATP11B and found seven SNPs, which were significantly associated with WMH (P < 0.05; fig.","""It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments."" For the first time, researchers found how changes in the small blood vessels associated with SVD damage brain cells. Rats treated with endothelial cell-stabilizing drugs stopped the blood vessel cells from becoming dysfunctional.","5 , T and U), linking the upstream and downstream pathways and suggesting a similar mechanism of action to DM BMECs. We looked at 304 SNPs within ATP11B and found seven SNPs, which were significantly associated with WMH (P < 0.05; fig. After correcting for multiple testing, using spectral decomposition to determine the number of independent SNPs tested using the 1000 Genomes Project reference as a measure of linkage disequilibrium (41), we found one intronic SNP, which was associated with WMH burden: rs148771930 (P = 0.00025).",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34474375107&p=1pl&v=1&x=6fzplwzc9pvP-p6ApV7XYg
10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.055,Biology_easy_210,"Lee calls this pace ""fast, but not too fast"" to reconcile with Darwin's theory.","Similarly, initial molecular analyses concluded that the extensive molecular divergences between arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates could not be fully reconciled with the abrupt Cambrian fossil record, assuming even the fastest modern rates of molecular evolution .","The creatures' genetic codes were changing by about .117% every million years--approximately 5.5 times faster than modern estimates, the group reports online today in Current Biology. Lee calls this pace ""fast, but not too fast"" to reconcile with Darwin's theory. This combined model for genes and anatomy represents ""quite a stride forward,"" Wills says.","The present study reveals that constraining root age to any figure even loosely consistent with the fossil record (e.g., <650 Ma) implies elevated rates of morphological and molecular evolution in the late Precambrian. Similarly, initial molecular analyses concluded that the extensive molecular divergences between arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates could not be fully reconciled with the abrupt Cambrian fossil record, assuming even the fastest modern rates of molecular evolution . However, ''Darwin's dilemma'' might be resolvable.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://news.sciencemag.org/evolution/2013/09/evolution%E2%80%99s-clock-ticked-faster-dawn-modern-animals
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_easy_246,"""It nucleates a handful of microtubules, but it should make thousands.""","With higher XMAP215 concentrations, even more prominent increase in MT generation was observed when the γ -TuRC was present (Fig.","advertisement

""Gamma-TuRC barely does anything,"" she said. ""It nucleates a handful of microtubules, but it should make thousands."" That search may now be over.","Remarkably, the low concentration of XMAP215 (5-30 nM) together with γ -TuRC resulted in 6-10-fold increase in the number of MTs generated when compared to the sum of MTs generated by XMAP215 and γ -TuRC individually ( Supplementary Fig. With higher XMAP215 concentrations, even more prominent increase in MT generation was observed when the γ -TuRC was present (Fig. However, owing to the emergence of long, bundled MTs, individual MTs could not be counted and the total MT fluorescence intensity across all reactions was measured instead (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_easy_250,"Professor Anna Williams, Group Leader at the University of Edinburgh's MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, said: ""This important research helps us understand why small vessel disease happens, providing a direct link between small blood vessels and changes in the brain that are linked to dementia.",We confirmed increased protein in DM BMEC-CM by Western blot (Fig.,"They will also need to check if the treatment can reverse the symptoms of dementia. Professor Anna Williams, Group Leader at the University of Edinburgh's MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, said: ""This important research helps us understand why small vessel disease happens, providing a direct link between small blood vessels and changes in the brain that are linked to dementia. It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments.""","One protein expressed more in DM compared to control BMEC-CM was heat shock protein 90 (HSP90; fig. We confirmed increased protein in DM BMEC-CM by Western blot (Fig. 3 , K and L) and saw a trend in an increase on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (P = 0.05; Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34467118781&p=1pl&v=1&x=3Rr-tSWgkLK_c5EdLkBpcQ
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_easy_251,Researchers say that further studies will need to test whether the treatment also works when the disease is firmly established.,"), and 60/4524 (A.W.).","Treating rats with drugs that stop blood vessel cells from becoming dysfunctional reversed the symptoms of SVD and prevented brain damage, tests found. Researchers say that further studies will need to test whether the treatment also works when the disease is firmly established. They will also need to check if the treatment can reverse the symptoms of dementia.","), 70/9021 (D.G. ), and 60/4524 (A.W.). One animal, which died before the age of 12 weeks without stroke pathology, was not included in the final analysis.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34466178093&p=1pl&v=1&x=2le7-Zhx61T_1zbEKEPdzw
10.1038/nn.3415,Biology_easy_253,"""Because an overwhelming reaction to a slight sound or caress, or hyperarousal to sensory stimuli, could be common to different types of autism, and not just FXS,"" he said.","Second, cell pairs located within 100 µm of one another displayed the largest differences in pair-wise correlation coefficients between P9-11 (n = 12 mice) and P14-16 (n = 9 mice), compared with cells farther apart (mean difference = 0.3, P < 0.0001 for cells <100 µm apart, 0.9, P < 0.0001 for cells 100-200 µm apart, 0.067, P = 0.0598 for cells >200 µm apart; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni corrected P values; Fig.","The next step, said Portera-Cailliau, is to explore whether fragile X mice indeed exhibit exaggerated responses to sensory stimuli. ""Because an overwhelming reaction to a slight sound or caress, or hyperarousal to sensory stimuli, could be common to different types of autism, and not just FXS,"" he said. ""If hyperexcitability is the brain network basis for these symptoms, then reducing neuronal excitability with certain drugs that modulate inhibition could be of therapeutic value in these devastating neurodevelopmental disorders.""","First, cortical neurons in unanesthetized wild-type mice showed a higher degree of synchrony in the transient elevations of intracellular calcium at P9-11 than at P14-16 or P30-40 ( Fig. Second, cell pairs located within 100 µm of one another displayed the largest differences in pair-wise correlation coefficients between P9-11 (n = 12 mice) and P14-16 (n = 9 mice), compared with cells farther apart (mean difference = 0.3, P < 0.0001 for cells <100 µm apart, 0.9, P < 0.0001 for cells 100-200 µm apart, 0.067, P = 0.0598 for cells >200 µm apart; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni corrected P values; Fig. When we quantified pair-wise correlation coefficients for cells within 100 µm, we found a statistically significant age-dependent decrease in network synchrony for both wild-type and Fmr1 −/− mice (two-way unequal variance ANOVA, P < 0.01 for both genotypes; n = 12, 9, 8 wild-type mice at P9-11, P14-16 and P30-40, respectively, and n = 9, 10, 8 Fmr1 −/− mice at P9-11, P14-16 and P30-40, respectively; Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130603133326.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1073/pnas.1414156112,Biology_easy_261,"Its maximum strength varied with the total tumor volume in a mouse's lungs, suggesting that the test may be sensitive not only to the presence of cancer but also to its extent.","First is the opportunity to optimize our system iteratively to improve the stringency of tumor-activatable gene expression, to generate more potent vectors, and to enhance vector delivery to the tumor.","That signal began declining in strength as early as 72 hours post-injection, fading to insignificance within the next two weeks or so. Its maximum strength varied with the total tumor volume in a mouse's lungs, suggesting that the test may be sensitive not only to the presence of cancer but also to its extent. Importantly, they're also incapable of integrating randomly into a host cell's genome -- and, possibly, right into the middle of a gene, disrupting that gene's operation.","Our tumor-activatable MC system has many distinct advantages over the detection of endogenously expressed cancer blood biomarkers. First is the opportunity to optimize our system iteratively to improve the stringency of tumor-activatable gene expression, to generate more potent vectors, and to enhance vector delivery to the tumor. In contrast, we can tune our MC system's sensitivity.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.dddmag.com/news/2015/02/customized-dna-rings-aid-early-cancer-detection-mice
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Biology_easy_278,"This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March.",Analysis also shows an amplification of this new teleconnection over the past four decades.,"""Knowing how much rain to expect in the coming winter is crucial for the economy, water security and ecosystem management of the region."" This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March. UCI research gives resource managers a new tool for predicting winter rainfall months in advance.","Here we report evidence that late-summer sea surface temperature and geopotential height anomalies close to New Zealand exhibit higher correlation with SWUS winter precipitation than ENSO, enhancing the potential for earlier and more accurate prediction. Analysis also shows an amplification of this new teleconnection over the past four decades. Our work highlights the need to understand the dynamic nature of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in a changing climate for improving future predictions of regional precipitation.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34296038461&p=1pl&v=1&x=adbSGQP_riRmFiXO6B_Olw
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_easy_290,"They really are fundamental to cell biology.""",We further demonstrate that XMAP215 directly interacts with γ -tubulin via its C terminus.,"""Our study shows that microtubules in the cell are generated through cooperation between two molecules,"" said Akanksha Thawani, a fourth-year graduate student in Petry's lab who is the first author of the new paper. They really are fundamental to cell biology."" But there was a problem, said Petry.","XMAP215 and γ -TuRC operate synergistically to generate MTs in vitro, and the C terminus of XMAP215 is required for this cooperation. We further demonstrate that XMAP215 directly interacts with γ -tubulin via its C terminus. Thus, XMAP215 is a major MT nucleation factor that functions with γ -TuRC to give rise to the MT cytoskeleton.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1038/nn.3415,Biology_easy_294,"That's a feature that is common in early brain development, but not in the adult,"" he said.","We conclude that the higher correlation coefficients in Fmr1 −/− mice at P14-16 are explained, at least in part, by a higher than normal proportion of neurons participating in peaks of synchrony.","Mice that lack the fmr1 gene (and therefore lack the FMRP protein) show some of the same symptoms of human FXS, including seizures, impaired sleep, abnormal social relationships, and learning defects. That's a feature that is common in early brain development, but not in the adult,"" he said. ""In essence, this points to a relative immaturity of brain circuits in FXS,"" added Tiago Goncalves, a former post-doc in Portera-Cailliau's lab and first author of the study.","Finally, we calculated neuronal firing rates, as extrapolated from calcium-imaging data by temporal deconvolution (see Online Methods), but could not detect differences between genotypes at any age using this method (data not shown). We conclude that the higher correlation coefficients in Fmr1 −/− mice at P14-16 are explained, at least in part, by a higher than normal proportion of neurons participating in peaks of synchrony. First, we established that action potential kinetics were indistinguishable between wild-type and Fmr1 −/− mice (Supplementary Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130603133326.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29
10.1073/pnas.1400547111,Biology_easy_300,"""There must have been other ecological and evolutionary mechanisms at play.","Although levels of atmospheric oxygen may have reached 10% PAL by 580 Ma, the geochemical record does not preclude oxygen levels of 0.5-4% PAL during the Cryogenian Period .","The researchers found as long as the levels remained above 0.5 percent, the sponges could survive. ""There must have been other ecological and evolutionary mechanisms at play. Maybe life remained microbial for so long because it took a while to develop the biological machinery required to construct an animal.","Such an early evolution for sponges would be well before the general oxygenation of the deep oceans in the Ediacaran Period. Although levels of atmospheric oxygen may have reached 10% PAL by 580 Ma, the geochemical record does not preclude oxygen levels of 0.5-4% PAL during the Cryogenian Period . Indeed, oxygen levels this high may have been reached as early as the Great Oxidation Event some 2.3-2.4 billion years ago and may have persisted at these levels through much of the intervening time , with some likely swings to lower levels, however, around 1.8 billion years ago .",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.ibtimes.com/oxygen-needed-complex-life-sea-sponges-show-first-animals-did-just-fine-low-levels-1556394
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_easy_301,"It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments.""","However, the lack of a functional leak in DM rats in vivo at this early time point suggests that early white matter pathology does not result from substances in the blood leaking through an impaired BBB.","Indeed, the brain cell damage in the rats caused by the blood vessel changes was prevented by treatment with endothelial cell-stabilizing drugs, providing evidence for a potential path for the development of a therapeutic approach for dementia. Anna Williams, Ph.D., group leader at the University of Edinburgh's MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, said: ""This important research helps us understand why SVD happens, providing a direct link between small blood vessels and changes in the brain that are linked to dementia. It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments.""","The order of these changes in the DM rat suggests that an early change in the ECs contributes to the later white matter changes and occurs well before the rats become hypertensive. However, the lack of a functional leak in DM rats in vivo at this early time point suggests that early white matter pathology does not result from substances in the blood leaking through an impaired BBB. We observed the same changes as at 5 weeks in vivo: a reduction in claudin-5 protein expression (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34473235645&p=1pl&v=1&x=KYKLzGl-UkViIgQQkxfl9g
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_easy_303,"The work provides an answer to this critical puzzle in our understanding of microtubule regulation in the cell.""",For wild-type XMAP215-GFP runs ( Supplementary Fig.,"""The work by Petry and co-workers now shows that XMAP215, previously considered a microtubule 'polymerase' involved in microtubule elongation, acts synergistically with g-tubulin to promote efficient microtubule nucleation. The work provides an answer to this critical puzzle in our understanding of microtubule regulation in the cell."" ""With TIRF microscopy, we don't illuminate anything outside that layer,"" she explained.",For runs performed with the truncation constructs (Fig. For wild-type XMAP215-GFP runs ( Supplementary Fig. Similar results were seen in all replicates that were performed.,[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_easy_321,"For further information, please contact the cited source.",Cilostazol showed trend effects only in the same direction.,"This research in rats opens up new possibilities for developing therapies for cerebral small vessel disease."" Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.","4 , F, G, and M), confirming that these drugs improve endothelial dysfunction. Cilostazol showed trend effects only in the same direction. Simvastatin, perindopril, and cilostazol reversed the increase in OPCs seen in untreated DM rats (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01, respectively; Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34466178093&p=1pl&v=1&x=2le7-Zhx61T_1zbEKEPdzw
10.1126/science.1245627,Biology_easy_325,"Considered to be of great value for medical science, their work will help virologists identify the sites an experimental vaccine need mimic in order to elicit a strong response from the body's immune system.",The crystal structure of a scaffolded V1/V2 protein [PDB ID: 3U4E (9)] could also be fitted into density at the trimer apex ( Fig.,"Considered to be of great value for medical science, their work will help virologists identify the sites an experimental vaccine need mimic in order to elicit a strong response from the body's immune system. They obtained new data, which helped them understand the process by which the Env trimer undergoes radical shape changes during infection. What they saw also clarified how Env compares to envelope proteins on other dangerous viruses, such as flu and Ebola.",The EM map presented here is substantially improved in resolution and in features relative to previous trimer reconstructions; it also revealed partially discontinuous density surrounding the periphery of the trimer that is consistent with N-linked glycans on both gp120 and gp41 ( fig. The crystal structure of a scaffolded V1/V2 protein [PDB ID: 3U4E (9)] could also be fitted into density at the trimer apex ( Fig. S4 and S5A) and are consistent with the arrangement of the V1/V2 Asn 156 and Asn 160 glycans predicted by a low-resolution model of the same trimer in complex with bnAb PG9 (14) .,[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.medicaldaily.com/aids-protein-cracked-hiv-vaccine-closer-sight-261729
10.1038/s41559-017-0141,Biology_easy_333,"Plans of an extension were in discussion when Rasmussen showed them his photographs, shocking the team in Stockholm.","2a,i ; Supplementary Video).","It was pure accident that led him to the discovery. Plans of an extension were in discussion when Rasmussen showed them his photographs, shocking the team in Stockholm. The scientists' surprise was due to the fact that the microfossils suggest that fungi existed on Earth around two billion years earlier than scientists initially believed.","These tend to congregate on the basal parts of filaments and on basal films, and be more rare on distal parts of filaments (Fig. 2a,i ; Supplementary Video). A number of observations clearly indicate, however, that the Ongeluk structures were formed as filaments in voids, not as tunnels in minerals:",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/37645/20170427/newly-discovered-world-oldest-fungus-in-south-africa-raises-questions-about-early-life-on-earth.htm
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_353,"If the growth resists neoadjuvant therapy, it is more likely to spread to other parts of the body.",1g ) and found no obvious differences between PTX-EVs and CREMO-EVs.,"But the treatment does not always shrink tumours. If the growth resists neoadjuvant therapy, it is more likely to spread to other parts of the body. Related Slideshow: 16 Unexpected Cancer Symptoms Every Woman Should Know (provided by Health.com)

'It seems that loading of annexin-A6 into exosomes is significantly enhanced in response to chemotherapy,' study author and postdoctoral researcher Professor Ioanna Keklikoglou said.","1d ), NTA ( Supplementary Fig. 1g ) and found no obvious differences between PTX-EVs and CREMO-EVs. Similar to the results obtained with 4T1 cells, PTX-EVs increased the number of metastatic nodules in this MMTV-PyMT-based lung colonization assay (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38145408578&p=1pl&v=1&x=hA8rmZwhWq3wBFkvbo6hLw
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_354,Note: material may have been edited for length and content.,"Conversely, PTX did not alter the relative abundance of Ly6C + monocytes in the lungs of tumour-free mice (Fig.","""Our findings must not discourage patients from receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy when it's indicated,"" adds the study's clinical team. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.","Consistent with the upregulation of CCL2, PTX increased the relative abundance of Ly6C + monocytes in the lungs of 4T1-mCh tumour-bearing Rag1 −/− mice, 4T1 tumour-bearing Balb/c mice, 4T1-mCh/HER2 tumour-bearing Swiss nu/nu mice and transgenic MMTV-PyMT mice compared with the vehicle (Fig. Conversely, PTX did not alter the relative abundance of Ly6C + monocytes in the lungs of tumour-free mice (Fig. These results indicate that signals emanating from primary tumours are required for PTX-induced upregulation of CCL2 and expansion of Ly6C",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38137798805&p=1pl&v=1&x=Mx-te8jvmXTn1GLht1jmfg
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_easy_363,"Treating rats with drugs that stop blood vessel cells from becoming dysfunctional reversed the symptoms of SVD and prevented brain damage, tests found.",A blocking antibody specific to HSP90 abrogated the DM BMEC-CM-induced maturation defects (Fig.,"Treatment also prevents damage to brain cells caused by these blood vessel changes, raising hope that it could offer a therapy for dementia. Treating rats with drugs that stop blood vessel cells from becoming dysfunctional reversed the symptoms of SVD and prevented brain damage, tests found. Researchers say that further studies will need to test whether the treatment also works when the disease is firmly established.","3 , N to Q), mirroring the effect seen with DM BMEC-CM, but had no effect on OPC proliferation compared to controls ( fig. A blocking antibody specific to HSP90 abrogated the DM BMEC-CM-induced maturation defects (Fig. 3 , R to V), but again, OPC proliferation was unchanged ( fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34466178093&p=1pl&v=1&x=2le7-Zhx61T_1zbEKEPdzw
10.1038/s41467-018-04648-0,Biology_easy_365,"Basu agrees, ""Further exploration into this complex space demands strong multidisciplinary and collaborative working, and this study represents a fine example of trans-Atlantic team science.""","However, in acute inflammatory paradigms with healthy individuals, distinct patterns of reduced connectivity between insula, amygdala, frontal and parietal regions have also been demonstrated using seedbased analyses , in contrast to the current study, where more positive connections were identified in association with higher inflammation.","""By relating these advanced neuroimaging measures back to the patient experience, we provide evidence that the future targeting of central inflammatory pathways may greatly enhance the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and potentially other chronic inflammatory disorders."" Because this is one of the first studies to examine brain inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, Schrepf says, additional research is needed on the correlation. Basu agrees, ""Further exploration into this complex space demands strong multidisciplinary and collaborative working, and this study represents a fine example of trans-Atlantic team science.""","Healthy individuals administered LPS showed increased activation of the right medial frontal gyrus during social tasks with emotional valence These findings may be relevant to the greatly impaired mental health and social function seen in chronic inflammatory conditions like RA . However, in acute inflammatory paradigms with healthy individuals, distinct patterns of reduced connectivity between insula, amygdala, frontal and parietal regions have also been demonstrated using seedbased analyses , in contrast to the current study, where more positive connections were identified in association with higher inflammation. In RA, the transient surges in inflammation occur in the context of increased basal levels of inflammation, as well as many previous inflammatory events, especially if the disease has been poorly controlled.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34334472687&p=1pl&v=1&x=4AUPMIcZw56G8088fDCfzQ
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_369,They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy.,"However, therapy-induced host responses 7 , such as those described in our study, may limit the benefits of pre-operative treatments in some patients.","When the researchers neutralised annexin-A6 or blocked the monocytes, the experimental breast tumour no longer spread to the lungs. They hope this will improve the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. 'While this observation supports the significance of our findings, at the moment we don't know if annexin-A6 has any pro-metastatic activity in human breast cancer,' Professor De Palma added.","Although limited, these data support the notion that chemotherapy augments ANXA6 levels in the circulating EVs of patients with breast cancer. However, therapy-induced host responses 7 , such as those described in our study, may limit the benefits of pre-operative treatments in some patients. However, it should be cautioned that we did not study the survival of mice in association with the various treatments, so we currently ignore whether increased metastatic seeding and outgrowth in response to chemotherapy-elicited EVs would translate into shorter survival in our experimental cancer models.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38145408578&p=1pl&v=1&x=hA8rmZwhWq3wBFkvbo6hLw
10.1038/s41467-018-04722-7,Biology_easy_373,"This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March.",10) .,"""Knowing how much rain to expect in the coming winter is crucial for the economy, water security and ecosystem management of the region."" This prompts a commensurate anomaly east of the Philippine Islands, which, in turn, results in a strengthening or weakening of the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, having a direct influence on the amount of rain that falls on California between November and March. UCI research gives resource managers a new tool for predicting winter rainfall months in advance.","Note that this behavior is well-known to be also associated with ENSO events 35 , yet in the last three to four decades, ENSO did not correlate significantly with precipitation amount for many regions along the west coast ( Supplementary Fig. 10) . The proposed mechanism of NZI reveals a western Pacific pathway and can be summarized by the following three subprocesses ( Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34296038461&p=1pl&v=1&x=adbSGQP_riRmFiXO6B_Olw
10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0,Biology_easy_374,The researchers thus provide a possible explanation for why these drugs are not effective in colorectal cancer.,"In HCT116, the stabilizing effect of XAV939 on AXIN1 overrode the reduction of AXIN1 levels caused by trametinib ( Supplementary Fig.","The researchers thus provide a possible explanation for why these drugs are not effective in colorectal cancer. Depending on the Wnt activity, the cancer cells can switch back and forth between the stem cell state and a differentiated state. At the same time, the gene activity of the cancer cells changed to a stem cell-typical pattern.","Inhibition of tankyrases by XAV939 prevents degradation of AXIN1, leading to reduced Wnt activity . In HCT116, the stabilizing effect of XAV939 on AXIN1 overrode the reduction of AXIN1 levels caused by trametinib ( Supplementary Fig. As a result, trametinib was unable to induce AXIN2 expression in the presence of XAV939.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39294832491&p=1pl&v=1&x=QJ8wnFvNi9c29ow9WS5NMA
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507,Biology_easy_375,"Professor Anna Williams, Group Leader at the University of Edinburgh's MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, said: ""This important research helps us understand why small vessel disease happens, providing a direct link between small blood vessels and changes in the brain that are linked to dementia.",References,"They will also need to check if the treatment can reverse the symptoms of dementia. Professor Anna Williams, Group Leader at the University of Edinburgh's MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, said: ""This important research helps us understand why small vessel disease happens, providing a direct link between small blood vessels and changes in the brain that are linked to dementia. It also shows that these changes may be reversible, which paves the way for potential treatments.""",Addition of rHSP90 or use of blocking antibodies to HSP90 has no effect on OPC proliferation. CM from human ECs treated with ATP11B siRNA reduces OPC maturation. References,[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34466178093&p=1pl&v=1&x=2le7-Zhx61T_1zbEKEPdzw
10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6,Biology_easy_380,"""It was interesting,"" Petry said.","However, this model for MT nucleation remains to be experimentally tested.","""If we take XMAP215 out, not a single microtubule forms. If you take g-tubulin out, not a single microtubule forms,"" Petry said. ""It was interesting,"" Petry said.","By contrast, spontaneous MT formation rarely occurs in vivo. However, this model for MT nucleation remains to be experimentally tested. In the absence of γ -TuRC, MTs still form, albeit with substantially reduced numbers and kinetics .",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34085189867&p=1pl&v=1&x=dgCZA_OPocwd39iSbTVIjw
10.1186/s12864-016-3130-3,Biology_easy_381,"Catching the host transition in its early stages will allow researchers to continue to investigate the complex genetic details behind the shift and monitor infected European honeybees, Hunt said.",Only the most significant hit for each predicted transcript was retained.,"Andino and Hunt said the mites' leap to European honeybees likely occurred within the last decade. Catching the host transition in its early stages will allow researchers to continue to investigate the complex genetic details behind the shift and monitor infected European honeybees, Hunt said. ""This happened once with one species of mite, and it looks like it's happening again.","Overall 95.6% of reads aligned to the reference indicating that almost all reads are represented in the assembly (Table 2 ). Only the most significant hit for each predicted transcript was retained. At the transcript level we found that 51,025",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.seeddaily.com/reports/Another_species_of_Varroa_mite_threatens_European_honeybees_999.html
10.1126/scitranslmed.aau5516,Biology_easy_384,Note: material may have been edited for length and content.,"were absent from the Immune Epitope Database (37), except for one: the AH1 peptide (SPSYVYHQF), the sole aeTSA previously identified on CT26 cells using reverse immunology .","An important factor leading to the IRIC discovery is the institute's multidisciplinary approach to research, which combines genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics, Perreault concluded. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.","S3, B and C, and S4) and ended up with a total of 6 mTSAs and 15 aeTSA candidates: 14 presented by CT26 cells and 7 by EL4 cells (Fig. were absent from the Immune Epitope Database (37), except for one: the AH1 peptide (SPSYVYHQF), the sole aeTSA previously identified on CT26 cells using reverse immunology . Four of the 15 aeTSA candidates had an expression profile similar to that of previously reported ""overexpressed"" tumorassociated antigens , as their peptide-coding sequences were expressed in most or all tissues (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37911112094&p=1pl&v=1&x=BKR1qGfxJXrw2puPg0b__w
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_385,Note: material may have been edited for length and content.,56; Fig.,"""Our findings must not discourage patients from receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy when it's indicated,"" adds the study's clinical team. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.","Because the amounts of EVs we could isolate from each sample were limited, we were only able to verify the LC-MS/MS data by western blotting in one case (patient no. 56; Fig. 8d) .",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38137798805&p=1pl&v=1&x=Mx-te8jvmXTn1GLht1jmfg
10.1038/s41598-019-42900-9,Biology_easy_388,"The researchers hope that by understanding how the worm infection was able to slow the spread of prions to the brain, they may be able to design novel treatments to block prion diseases.","In contrast, the number of CD68","Our findings may help to explain why some animals are at more risk than others of developing prion disease."" The researchers hope that by understanding how the worm infection was able to slow the spread of prions to the brain, they may be able to design novel treatments to block prion diseases. ENDS

Notes to editors

The Roslin Institute receives strategic investment funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and it is part of The University of Edinburgh's Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies.","IHC and morphometric analysis revealed that the abundance of CD11c + MNP was specifically and significantly increased in the Peyer's patches on d 8 after H. polygyrus infection (Fig. In contrast, the number of CD68 + MNP (indicative of tissue macrophages) in the Peyer's patches was unchanged during H. polygyrus infection (Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39378222543&p=1pl&v=1&x=jfJUiwsMZ45C94TbLKElNQ
10.1038/s41556-018-0256-3,Biology_easy_389,These results may help to improve the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.,52) strongly suggests that EV-associated ANXA6 was in fact of cancer cell origin.,"Importantly, the researchers found that neutralizing annexin-A6 or blocking monocytes during chemotherapy prevents the experimental mammary tumors from metastasizing to the lung. These results may help to improve the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ""Our findings must not discourage patients from receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy when it's indicated,"" adds the study's clinical team.","In addition, the finding that EV-associated ANXA6 levels increased on-therapy in one patient with progressive disease (patient no. 52) strongly suggests that EV-associated ANXA6 was in fact of cancer cell origin. Although limited, these data support the notion that chemotherapy augments ANXA6 levels in the circulating EVs of patients with breast cancer.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38137798805&p=1pl&v=1&x=Mx-te8jvmXTn1GLht1jmfg
10.1126/scitranslmed.aal5088,Biology_easy_430,Asymptomatic DENV-infected patients provide a unique opportunity to decipher the host immune responses leading to virus elimination without negative impact on an individual's health.,Asymptomatic DENV-infected patients provide a unique opportunity to decipher the host immune responses leading to virus elimination without negative impact on an individual's health.,"The team concluded that children who develop symptoms typically exhibit diminished expression from genes that contribute to apoptosis, which contributes to the generation of plasma cells, which in turn produce low-affinity antibodies. Asymptomatic DENV-infected patients provide a unique opportunity to decipher the host immune responses leading to virus elimination without negative impact on an individual's health. Whereas inflammatory pathways and innate immune response pathways were similar between asymptomatic individuals and clinical dengue patients, expression of proteins related to antigen presentation and subsequent T cell and B cell activation pathways was differentially regulated, independent of viral load and previous DENV infection history.","Asymptomatic DENV-infected patients provide a unique opportunity to decipher the host immune responses leading to virus elimination without negative impact on an individual's health. Whereas inflammatory pathways and innate immune response pathways were similar between asymptomatic individuals and clinical dengue patients, expression of proteins related to antigen presentation and subsequent T cell and B cell activation pathways was differentially regulated, independent of viral load and previous DENV infection history. Feedback mechanisms controlled the immune response in asymptomatic viremic individuals, as demonstrated by increased activation of T cell apoptosis-related pathways and FcgRIIB (Fcg receptor IIB) signaling associated with decreased anti-DENV-specific antibody concentrations.",[5],Biology,val,5.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/gene-expression-patterns-and-immune-signatures-associated-with-dengue-fever-immune-response-identified/
10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.029,Biology_easy_439,"Although these changes in brain function were transient, these effects may signal direct consequences of routine soccer heading on (long-term) brain health which requires further study.""","Although these changes in brain function were transient, these effects may signal direct consequences of routine soccer heading on (long-term) brain health which requires further study.","The researchers conclude: ""Sub-concussive head impacts routine in soccer heading are associated with immediate, measurable electrophysiological and cognitive impairments. Although these changes in brain function were transient, these effects may signal direct consequences of routine soccer heading on (long-term) brain health which requires further study."" Conclusion

The researchers' conclusions to their study are quite appropriate.","These acute changes appear transient, with values normalizing 24 h post-heading. Although these changes in brain function were transient, these effects may signal direct consequences of routine soccer heading on (long-term) brain health which requires further study. Further, imaging of former professional soccer players aged 40-65 demonstrates evidence of cortical thinning, again with associated cognitive impairment .",[5],Biology,val,5.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/heading-footballs-may-cause-short-term-brain-changes/
10.1038/s41467-017-01964-9,Biology_easy_458,"In contrast to axolotls, newts undergo metamorphosis, have a broader regeneration spectrum and mobilize additional cell sources for regeneration of the same body part.""","In contrast to the paedomorphic axolotl, newts undergo metamorphosis, have a broader regeneration spectrum and mobilize additional cell sources for regeneration of the same body part 7 .","""However, major differences exist even among salamanders. In contrast to axolotls, newts undergo metamorphosis, have a broader regeneration spectrum and mobilize additional cell sources for regeneration of the same body part."" They found that the newt genome has about 20 billion DNA base pairs -- a full six times greater than the human genome.","However, it is important to note that major differences exist even among salamanders. In contrast to the paedomorphic axolotl, newts undergo metamorphosis, have a broader regeneration spectrum and mobilize additional cell sources for regeneration of the same body part 7 . 1; Supplementary Fig.",[5],Biology,val,5.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/pV6WgdracBk/salamander-genome-05562.html
10.1038/s41467-018-04292-8,Biology_easy_460,"However, once these thermosetting photopolymers form 3D parts through UV curing triggered chemical reaction, the covalent networks are permanent and cannot be reprocessed, i.e., reshaped, repaired, or recycled.","However, once these thermosetting photopolymers form 3D parts through photopolymerization, the covalent networks are permanent and cannot be reprocessed, i.e., reshaped, repaired, or recycled.","However, once these thermosetting photopolymers form 3D parts through UV curing triggered chemical reaction, the covalent networks are permanent and cannot be reprocessed, i.e., reshaped, repaired, or recycled. This attribute improves printing efficiency as, for instance, 3D origami parts can be generated from flat, 2D layers. Secondly, the structure is repairable, meaning that damaged sites can be reprinted while perfectly maintaining structural integrity, prolonging product durability.","However, once these thermosetting photopolymers form 3D parts through photopolymerization, the covalent networks are permanent and cannot be reprocessed, i.e., reshaped, repaired, or recycled. These 3DPRTs provide a practical solution to address environmental challenges associated with the rapid increase in consumption of 3D printing materials. Compatibility with UV curing-based 3D printing makes thermosetting photopolymers ideal for printing high-resolution structures at micro-scales , submicro-scales , and even nano-scales [1] .",[5],Biology,val,5.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34113865661&p=1pl&v=1&x=GBjbhFLpudGtXGAZhRbh2Q
10.1126/sciadv.aat5869,Biology_easy_465,"This closely mirrors the European colonial history in Africa south of the Sahara with early Portuguese forts and trading posts established on the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) in 1482, which was followed by European colonial expansion and internal African migration.","These findings closely mirror the European colonial history in Africa south of the Sahara, with early Portuguese forts and trading posts established on the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) in 1482, followed by an ever increasing European presence and influence in African coastal regions over the next centuries.","They show that the earliest introductions of Lineage 4 into Africa happened in the Republic of Congo in the 15th century before spreading across the continent into South Africa, Uganda and Malawi in the late 17th century. This closely mirrors the European colonial history in Africa south of the Sahara with early Portuguese forts and trading posts established on the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) in 1482, which was followed by European colonial expansion and internal African migration. ""In Western Africa, Lineage 4 is the dominant form of TB but Lineages 5 and 6 are also common.","The plots also show within-continent migration/transmission in the receiving continents to illustrate the relative importance of repeated L4 import on continental L4 load over time. These findings closely mirror the European colonial history in Africa south of the Sahara, with early Portuguese forts and trading posts established on the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) in 1482, followed by an ever increasing European presence and influence in African coastal regions over the next centuries. Our findings thus suggest an intimate relationship between European colonial expansion and the spread of L4 TB on the African continent.",[5],Biology,val,5.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37432257935&p=1pl&v=1&x=op8PBhpukJKX6bl16BfevQ
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.031,Biology_easy_478,"Our research finds that vessel slowdowns could indeed be a viable strategy for lowering noise impacts on whales, seals, and fish, with the added benefit of reducing the likelihood of collisions.","The results are likely insensitive to the estimate of critical bandwidth, because the bandwidths of calls and masking noise are generally wider than the critical bandwidth; thus using a wider band increases the level of both the call and masking noise, keeping signal to noise ratio constant.","This finding is especially important since ambient noise from waves and winds is increasing in an Arctic environment that is experiencing ever longer periods without sound-dampening ice. Our research finds that vessel slowdowns could indeed be a viable strategy for lowering noise impacts on whales, seals, and fish, with the added benefit of reducing the likelihood of collisions. While negotiating the Northwest Passage may be less treacherous in the future for cruise ship passengers who thrill at the sight of whales plunging through Arctic waters, melting ice that opens up new sea lanes comes with a new threat for marine life.","(7) is quite stable since it does not require knowledge of the prey/caller's source level or the receiver's detection threshold (two parameters that have high variability and uncertainty between species). The results are likely insensitive to the estimate of critical bandwidth, because the bandwidths of calls and masking noise are generally wider than the critical bandwidth; thus using a wider band increases the level of both the call and masking noise, keeping signal to noise ratio constant. This time period is representative of most ship traffic in the region (based on AIS data from 2012 to 2017 (Halliday, unpublished data) ) and Sachs Harbour is the only location in the study region where ambient sound measurements have been undertaken.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34940601288&p=1pl&v=1&x=z5X3iZCRh0_3Vlgny6RGvA
10.1038/s41564-019-0383-z,Biology_easy_492,This will help progress the next stage of research to develop an effective and safe biopesticide that does not build up to harmful levels in the environment.,5 ).,"Further work showed that this Burkholderia mutant did not persist in a mouse lung infection model, opening up the possibility of constructing biopesticidal strains that are incapable of causing infection but can still deliver effective plant protection. This will help progress the next stage of research to develop an effective and safe biopesticide that does not build up to harmful levels in the environment. We have to understand the risks, mitigate against them and seek a balance that works for all,"" continued Professor Mahenthiralingam.",")(taxonomically reclassified as a Burkholderia diffusa strain), confirmed that B. ambifaria BCC0191 produces cepacin A ( Supplementary Fig. 5 ). Cepacin A was absent in the B. ambifaria BCC0191::ccnJ cepacin insertional mutant ( Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38701584019&p=1pl&v=1&x=HigdZcZylxCVRWYeqYGnow
10.1210/er.2016-1083,Biology_easy_496,Delaying getting out of bed for nine minutes by hitting the snooze is simply not going to give us any more restorative sleep.,"Melatonin may have important roles in metabolic regulation, perhaps helping prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia by inhibiting insulin secretion .","If this process is disturbed, we tend to awaken still feeling tired in the morning. Delaying getting out of bed for nine minutes by hitting the snooze is simply not going to give us any more restorative sleep. In fact, it may serve to confuse the brain into starting the process of secreting more neurochemicals that cause sleep to occur, according to some hypotheses.","A circadian rhythm in prolactin is evident in constant routine protocols, of larger amplitude in women and with an acrophase in the rest phase (137). Melatonin may have important roles in metabolic regulation, perhaps helping prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia by inhibiting insulin secretion . Because this was demonstrated in mice, however, different responses may be apparent in humans.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39411052833&p=1pl&v=1&x=YFJdWTflS-3e665KLInBtw
10.1038/nbt.4072,Biology_easy_498,"To their surprise, the researchers found that drugs with very different molecular structures produced similar metabolic responses.","It is capable of performing flux-balance analysis to integrate and interpret a variety of emerging data types, including linking mutations identified from human variation data or cancer genome atlases.","Using Recon3D, researchers found that other harmful mutations were significantly more likely to neighbor mutations that were also harmful. To their surprise, the researchers found that drugs with very different molecular structures produced similar metabolic responses. Drug developers could use this tool to explore whether certain drugs can be repurposed to treat other diseases for which they weren't originally developed, Brunk noted.","Mutations co-occurring in the same location as other mutations are significantly more likely to be associated with somatic mutations, when compared to a random selection (P < 0.02, , and metabolite structures from CHEBI . It is capable of performing flux-balance analysis to integrate and interpret a variety of emerging data types, including linking mutations identified from human variation data or cancer genome atlases. ).",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/eBYGfpmlxEE/
10.1093/jxb/ery345,Biology_easy_505,If you find our news sites informative and useful then please consider becoming a regular supporter or for now make a one off contribution.,"Between species, % BS,cp and % M,cp were significantly highest and lowest, respectively, in A. semialata.","""Now that we've ruled out space as a limiting factor, we need to explore what other factors are impacting the cold tolerance of these important crops."" By unlocking the key to cold tolerance, plant scientists can extend the growing region and season of these crops to boost food and bioenergy production across the globe. If you find our news sites informative and useful then please consider becoming a regular supporter or for now make a one off contribution.","Across the four study-species, chloroplasts occupied 15-30% of the BS (% BS,cp ), and 8-14% of the mesophyll (% M,cp ) (Figs 1, 3G, H; Supplementary Video S1). Between species, % BS,cp and % M,cp were significantly highest and lowest, respectively, in A. semialata. Leaf thickness ranged from 100 to 250 µm, with veins spaced 100-140 µm apart on average (Figs 1, 3A, B) .",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://www.seeddaily.com/reports/Scientists_debunk_potential_link_to_crop_cold_tolerance_999.html
10.1038/s41592-019-0404-0,Biology_easy_506,"In addition, they used SABER as an effective tool to identify a genomic element that controls the transcription of a specific gene expressed in a particular type of retinal neuron.","To successfully deploy a large number of orthogonal concatemers simultaneously using SABER, we also needed to design many orthogonal PER concatemer sequences.","The team demonstrated SABER to amplify FISH signals at distinct RNA and DNA targets in the different layers of the mouse retina, and visualize up to 17 different target regions on the human X chromosome simultaneously. In addition, they used SABER as an effective tool to identify a genomic element that controls the transcription of a specific gene expressed in a particular type of retinal neuron. ""With SABER-amplified FISH analysis and its sensitivity, multiplexing potential, practicality and cost-efficiency, we created a way to overcome key limitations of existing methods and provide researchers with a more powerful handle on a broad spectrum of analyses, ranging from fundamental research, to biomarker discovery and the development of therapeutics,"" said Wyss Institute Core faculty member Peng Yin, Ph.D., who corresponded the study together with Constance Cepko, Ph.D., the Bullard Professor of Genetics and Neuroscience in the Blavatnik Institute at HMS, and Brian Beliveau, Ph.D., a former Damon Runyon Postdoctoral Fellow in Yin's group and now Assistant Professor at the University of Washington's Department of Genome Sciences in Seattle.","With this Exchange-SABER approach, a multitude of PERconcatemerized probe sets can be hybridized to their targets simultaneously and read out in sequential rounds of imaging (Fig. To successfully deploy a large number of orthogonal concatemers simultaneously using SABER, we also needed to design many orthogonal PER concatemer sequences. 1i ).",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39275760204&p=1pl&v=1&x=EEuzkmYtIKDy7j3vlt2RTw
10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.004,Biology_easy_511,"""You will understand why you would need light to see,"" he says, ""but why do you need light to make you happy?""","under the T7 cycle, neurons may be abnormally (and chronically) activated by the appearance of light every 3.5 hr, which would lead to alterations in PER2 rhythmic expression.","But Hattar is pretty confident that this circuit explains the link between light exposure and mood. ""You will understand why you would need light to see,"" he says, ""but why do you need light to make you happy?"" In the meantime, he has some advice for people who are feeling low: ""Try to take your lunch outside.","**p<0.01; by Tukey's test (n = 5-6 mice). under the T7 cycle, neurons may be abnormally (and chronically) activated by the appearance of light every 3.5 hr, which would lead to alterations in PER2 rhythmic expression. Indeed, when WT mice were housed under the T7 cycle, PER2 rhythmicity was abolished in the PHb, maintaining high PER2 levels throughout ( Figure 4D ).",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38042177898&p=1pl&v=1&x=_vvQEdPSjCINWjt4gWdu_g
10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036,Biology_easy_512,"Of course, you won't find either of those -- or any other undiscovered species -- in your backyard.","Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely.","Add microbes and bacteria to that number and it jumps to 1 trillion. Of course, you won't find either of those -- or any other undiscovered species -- in your backyard. More than likely, they'll be found in habitats that are difficult for human scientists to explore -- like caves -- where species flourish under extreme conditions.","Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/biology-fields/what-large-completely-undiscovered-animals-still-exist.htm#mkcpgn=rssnws1
10.1098/rspb.2017.2447,Biology_easy_513,"""This makes it harder for us to think and learn.""","similarly found that spatial reference learning in rats remained unaffected by infection with Toxoplasma gondii, whereas spatial memory recall was impaired, highlighting the complexity and difficulty of assessing the overall effect of parasites on host cognitive processes.","advertisement

These results may not be surprising to anyone who's been sick and tried to do activities requiring thinking and concentration. ""This makes it harder for us to think and learn."" Humans may also benefit from staying parasite-free.","In our fish host, we found that both long-and short-term parasite exposure negatively impacts visual discrimination abilities, while spatial and reversal learning was not affected. similarly found that spatial reference learning in rats remained unaffected by infection with Toxoplasma gondii, whereas spatial memory recall was impaired, highlighting the complexity and difficulty of assessing the overall effect of parasites on host cognitive processes. (b) Immune response and host cognition LPS treated fish had higher SSI than control individuals suggesting that an immune response was triggered by endotoxin injection (electronic supplementary material, figure S5 ).",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33499612763&p=1pl&v=1&x=z3lVlGnvXYN9WclW3EOWeQ
10.1038/s41467-018-07805-7,Biology_easy_541,"""When you get a flat tire, you will likely just replace it instead of buying a new car.","When the invader concentration was less than 2 nM (1×), it preferentially triggered the faster reaction and the concentration of the product from the slower reaction remained low (Fig.","The true benefit lies in enabling bioengineers to build more complicated and sophisticated nano machines that can be reconfigured at will. ""When you get a flat tire, you will likely just replace it instead of buying a new car. Such a manual repair is not possible for nanoscale machines,"" said co-author Grigory Tikhomirov.","We expect the overall rate of the faster reaction to be approximately 18 times that of the slower reaction ( Supplementary Fig. When the invader concentration was less than 2 nM (1×), it preferentially triggered the faster reaction and the concentration of the product from the slower reaction remained low (Fig. However, when the invader concentration exceeded 1×, the faster reaction was quickly saturated and the excess invader was available to also trigger the slower reaction.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38106367007&p=1pl&v=1&x=EV0zoGXPmHTU6Otz-e2mGg
10.1038/s41467-017-02410-6,Biology_easy_568,"The battery has great promise for enabling the next generation of EVs.""",3 ) 59 .,"The battery has great promise for enabling the next generation of EVs."" The new binder goes a step further. ""We can now reliably and efficiently model sulfur chemistry within these binders based on learning from detailed quantum mechanical simulations of the dissolved sulfur-containing products,"" stated Prendergast.","After 1 h, 96% of the polysulfides had been leached from solution through anion metathesis, as determined by optical spectroscopy of the filtrate ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ) 59 . The PEB-1/polysulfide composite ( Supplementary Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/B2PamPrF-9M/
10.1073/pnas.1709082114,Biology_easy_588,"Once Bannasch realized what they had uncovered, she went screaming down the hall with excitement.",) both identified a significant association to the same region on CFA12.,"It took meticulous combing through the genetic sequence by eye to detect the presence of an FGR4 retrogene insertion. Once Bannasch realized what they had uncovered, she went screaming down the hall with excitement. ""It was kind of like looking for a needle in a haystack,"" she said.",") both identified a significant association to the same region on CFA12. Whole genome sequencing identified a highly expressed FGF4 retrogene within this shared region. The FGF4 retrogene segregated with limb length and had an odds ratio of 51.23 (95% CI = 46.69, 56.20) for IVDD.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/unraveling-the-genetics-of-disc-disease-in-dogs/
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01113.x,Biology_easy_597,"In mountainous regions and areas with moist climates, where rocks are exposed and tend to weather quickly, we estimate that rock weathering doubles the amount of nitrogen that enters natural ecosystems.","Moreover, in comparisons across systems where response variables and experimental designs can differ considerably, the analysis of change relative to the control is more meaningful than standardized absolute differences between means.","We identified bedrock as the source of this ""missing nitrogen"" by showing that rock weathering could help to meet nitrogen demand from plants and animals. In mountainous regions and areas with moist climates, where rocks are exposed and tend to weather quickly, we estimate that rock weathering doubles the amount of nitrogen that enters natural ecosystems. The nitrogen in the rock was feeding the ecosystem, allowing plants to accumulate more biomass than sites without much rock nitrogen weathering.","Unlike HedgeÕs d, the ln-response ratio does not require a measure of sample variability. Moreover, in comparisons across systems where response variables and experimental designs can differ considerably, the analysis of change relative to the control is more meaningful than standardized absolute differences between means. Our data show that both N and P limitation are strong and widespread in the major habitats of the biosphere ( Fig.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33935816119&p=1pl&v=1&x=59XtERXz4rACWol8LUWzkg
10.1073/pnas.1808982115,Biology_easy_602,Visiting the doctor to get vaccinated before a trip can prevent travelers from catching a disease.,The difference between environmental atmospheres was a major discrepancy between our aerobically grown laboratory comparison and ETEC in infected stool.,"""If we can understand how ETEC causes disease, we can develop new vaccines to prevent infections,"" Trent said. Visiting the doctor to get vaccinated before a trip can prevent travelers from catching a disease. They were surprised to find that ETEC produced more toxins when grown in the laboratory than it did in human infection samples.","Surprisingly, classical virulence factors were largely down-regulated in stool compared with standard laboratory growth, including cfaD, the cfa operon, and eltAB (Figs. The difference between environmental atmospheres was a major discrepancy between our aerobically grown laboratory comparison and ETEC in infected stool. Despite the in vivo relevance of growth in limited oxygen atmospheres, we found little published research describing ETEC in such conditions.",[1],Biology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37207472725&p=1pl&v=1&x=9anxHJgw2rzQuhU96jbplA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_144,"It found that many participants attributed their ability to stay HIV negative to a strong sense of religious and spiritual identity, social support from friends and family, and social engagement with other HIV-negative black MSM in safe spaces.","Because Black MSM have the highest rate of HIV, a diverse network could lower the risk of selecting an HIV positive partner.","Understanding how black gay and bisexual men are able to remain negative -- despite being constantly labeled ""high risk"" for or ""vulnerable"" to HIV by public health researchers and health care providers alike -- might provide us a roadmap for how to achieve better health outcomes and ultimately end the AIDS epidemic. It found that many participants attributed their ability to stay HIV negative to a strong sense of religious and spiritual identity, social support from friends and family, and social engagement with other HIV-negative black MSM in safe spaces. The study noted the need to provide safe social spaces for black gay and bisexual men to engage around HIV prevention and the need to incorporate HIV prevention messages into religious/spiritual contexts.","Having a racially and ethnically diverse social network could lead to more a diverse pool of partners. Because Black MSM have the highest rate of HIV, a diverse network could lower the risk of selecting an HIV positive partner. Nine of 29 (31%) participants explicitly mentioned having a diverse social network that includes men and women of differing racial/ ethnic backgrounds and sexual orientations.","[1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Psychology_146,An innovative brain imaging study has uncovered new evidence explaining why ToM deficiencies are present in ASD children.,"Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this study reveal disruptions in the brain circuitry underlying ToM in ASD at multiple levels, including decreased activation and decreased functional connectivity.","An innovative brain imaging study has uncovered new evidence explaining why ToM deficiencies are present in ASD children. Published in Molecular Autism, the research reveals disruptions in the brain's circuitry involved in ToM at multiple levels compared to typical brain functioning. The findings provide valuable insight into understanding the functional makeup of a vital neural network that is critical for characterizing the social symptoms in individuals with ASD.","Functional connectivity analyses revealed underconnectivity between frontal and posterior regions during task performance in the ASD participants. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this study reveal disruptions in the brain circuitry underlying ToM in ASD at multiple levels, including decreased activation and decreased functional connectivity. ToM also influences the quality of social interactions by enabling people to effectively navigate the interpersonal world and make common sense explanations of others' behavior.","[4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.8,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1080/03054985.2016.1235031,Psychology_174,"Comparator schools had a slightly lower figure of students doing well at mathematics at first, but results soon caught up with those at schools who were taking part in intervention activities.",This was because comparator schools had improved attainment more than intervention schools after intervention.,"By looking at five years of data she found that among the 300 schools who participated there was no impact on maths GCSE results. Comparator schools had a slightly lower figure of students doing well at mathematics at first, but results soon caught up with those at schools who were taking part in intervention activities. The comparator group had a slightly higher proportion of pupils with free school meals, and the study did not find evidence that STEM interventions improved outcomes for less advantaged students.","However, the achievement gap between intervention and comparator narrowed down significantly after intervention for the longitudinal design. This was because comparator schools had improved attainment more than intervention schools after intervention. In most analysis intervention schools had a similar or slightly lower share of lower SES pupils (school-level deprivation measure) than the comparator.","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,3.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/stem-enrichment-activities-have-no-impact-on-exam-results/
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_206,"Additionally, while these strategies might be effective in prevention of HIV acquisition, it might be incorrect to conclude that participants utilize all of them together during every sexual encounter.","In this statement and others that are similar, avoiding partners who use drugs is for some participants believed to be a strategic method to avoid HIV based on stereotyping people who drugs as either HIV positive our unable to maintain control; for others it seems to be a means to maintaining a sense of core values associated with the types of people with whom they have sex.","It is important to keep in mind that while participants in both studies mentioned an array of strategies for maintaining their HIV-negative status, all are not equally effective. Additionally, while these strategies might be effective in prevention of HIV acquisition, it might be incorrect to conclude that participants utilize all of them together during every sexual encounter. Last, it is important to remember not to use research on men who are HIV negative to stigmatize or stereotype people living with HIV.","And if you're going to have sex with people be careful who you're having sex with. In this statement and others that are similar, avoiding partners who use drugs is for some participants believed to be a strategic method to avoid HIV based on stereotyping people who drugs as either HIV positive our unable to maintain control; for others it seems to be a means to maintaining a sense of core values associated with the types of people with whom they have sex. Avoid Partners Perceived as ''Flamboyant'' or ''Feminine'' Another theme that arose around selecting partners was avoidance of partners perceived to be feminine or ''very gay.''","[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_245,"It found that many participants attributed their ability to stay HIV negative to a strong sense of religious and spiritual identity, social support from friends and family, and social engagement with other HIV-negative black MSM in safe spaces.",Six (21%) men mentioned ''topping'' causal partners as part of strategies to stay HIV negative.,"Understanding how black gay and bisexual men are able to remain negative -- despite being constantly labeled ""high risk"" for or ""vulnerable"" to HIV by public health researchers and health care providers alike -- might provide us a roadmap for how to achieve better health outcomes and ultimately end the AIDS epidemic. It found that many participants attributed their ability to stay HIV negative to a strong sense of religious and spiritual identity, social support from friends and family, and social engagement with other HIV-negative black MSM in safe spaces. The study noted the need to provide safe social spaces for black gay and bisexual men to engage around HIV prevention and the need to incorporate HIV prevention messages into religious/spiritual contexts.","Another theme that arose during the sexual encounter is that of intentional, adaptive sexual positioning strategies. Six (21%) men mentioned ''topping'' causal partners as part of strategies to stay HIV negative. As noted by one participant upon being asked about whether he had any rules for himself for staying healthy and avoiding HIV: Yeah, just the things I talked about.","[2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_254,"""Many of the participants in this study felt that pharmaceutical interventions such as PrEP might not be best for them and that they had enough personal agency to maintain their HIV status,"" he added.","One of the key messages from this study is that among men at high-risk for HIV who remain HIV negative (i.e., ''positive deviants''), there may be successive decisionmaking across a timeline to a sexual event that reduces risk, even if a condom is not used.","""This study has made me think critically about what we think of as 'risk' and the role of the HIV prevention community in supporting black MSM,"" said Derek Dangerfield, Ph.D., assistant professor at Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and co-author of the study. ""Many of the participants in this study felt that pharmaceutical interventions such as PrEP might not be best for them and that they had enough personal agency to maintain their HIV status,"" he added. The findings of this study inspired Dangerfield to further explore adaptive behaviors for viral load suppression among black gay and bisexual men.","As noted throughout this article, some of these findings are not unique as strategies for avoiding HIV, since there have been many mass media campaigns that promote condom use, HIV testing, and disclosure of HIV status and many of these behaviors are known and commonly used as prevention strategies among MSM; however, in-depth knowledge about who engages in these behaviors, to what extent, in what combinations, and how men otherwise at very high risk for HIV manage to do so, are limited. One of the key messages from this study is that among men at high-risk for HIV who remain HIV negative (i.e., ''positive deviants''), there may be successive decisionmaking across a timeline to a sexual event that reduces risk, even if a condom is not used. In combination, some of these decisions can be viewed adaptive risk reduction behaviors that facilitate avoidance of HIV, and some may have applicability to risk reduction interventions.","[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,2.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_269,"Last, it is important to remember not to use research on men who are HIV negative to stigmatize or stereotype people living with HIV.","And I know there's guys that will but not me… If somebody told me they're HIV positive, to me that would frighten me to even want to participate in anything but conversation.","Additionally, while these strategies might be effective in prevention of HIV acquisition, it might be incorrect to conclude that participants utilize all of them together during every sexual encounter. Last, it is important to remember not to use research on men who are HIV negative to stigmatize or stereotype people living with HIV. But it is to useful to illuminate strategies HIV-negative men employ for staying negative, and perhaps longitudinal studies of cohorts of black gay and bisexual men are important to understand changes in sexual practices over a lifetime, as well as whether changes in their risk reduction strategies occur as they age, as they enter long-term relationships, or as new biomedical prevention models become available.","I don't even want to be a part of that. And I know there's guys that will but not me… If somebody told me they're HIV positive, to me that would frighten me to even want to participate in anything but conversation. Another had this to say:","[4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Psychology_299,"""Weaker coordination and communication among core brain areas during social thinking tasks in autism provides evidence for how different brain areas in autism struggle to work together as a team.""",Further research is needed to directly test for functional interdependence of these systems during higher-level social cognition.,"""Reduced brain activity in ToM-related brain regions and reduced connectivity among these regions in children with autism suggest how deficits in the neurobiological mechanisms can lead to difficulties in cognitive and behavioral functioning, such as theory of mind,"" said Marcel Just, the D.O. ""Weaker coordination and communication among core brain areas during social thinking tasks in autism provides evidence for how different brain areas in autism struggle to work together as a team."" The shapes, such as a large red triangle and a small blue triangle, moved in ways that could be seen as an interaction between them, such as coaxing or dancing.","It is possible that these two systems may be functionally independent . Further research is needed to directly test for functional interdependence of these systems during higher-level social cognition. While our activation findings are largely consistent with previous studies, they are inconsistent with the findings from a recent fMRI study of ToM using verbally presented stories requiring drawing inferences with ASD participants in the same age range studied here .","[2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.75,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_309,"Understanding how black gay and bisexual men are able to remain negative -- despite being constantly labeled ""high risk"" for or ""vulnerable"" to HIV by public health researchers and health care providers alike -- might provide us a roadmap for how to achieve better health outcomes and ultimately end the AIDS epidemic.","Nevertheless, the findings are a first step in a new approach to preventing the further spread of HIV among young Black MSM.","Understanding how black gay and bisexual men are able to remain negative -- despite being constantly labeled ""high risk"" for or ""vulnerable"" to HIV by public health researchers and health care providers alike -- might provide us a roadmap for how to achieve better health outcomes and ultimately end the AIDS epidemic. It found that many participants attributed their ability to stay HIV negative to a strong sense of religious and spiritual identity, social support from friends and family, and social engagement with other HIV-negative black MSM in safe spaces. The study noted the need to provide safe social spaces for black gay and bisexual men to engage around HIV prevention and the need to incorporate HIV prevention messages into religious/spiritual contexts.","Findings must be interpreted with caution, as they are the result of a small number of qualitative interviews with participants who were not randomly sampled. Nevertheless, the findings are a first step in a new approach to preventing the further spread of HIV among young Black MSM. The adaptive strategies questionnaire developed as part of the larger study also will contribute to generalizability of these findings.","[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.25,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Psychology_315,"The children with ASD showed significantly reduced activation compared to the neurotypical children in the brain regions considered to be part of the ToM network, such as the medial frontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction.","Another finding was the reduced activation in the cerebellum, specifically in Crus I, in the ASD group.","Without ToM, it tended to look like geometric shapes moving around. The children with ASD showed significantly reduced activation compared to the neurotypical children in the brain regions considered to be part of the ToM network, such as the medial frontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction. Furthermore, the synchronization between such pairs of regions was lower in the autism group.","We suggest that the task used in the present study is sensitive to more implicit processes that are relatively automatic in TD individuals but absent or limited in those with ASD. Another finding was the reduced activation in the cerebellum, specifically in Crus I, in the ASD group. Mostofsky and colleagues found weaker functional connectivity between the cerebellum and motor areas during motor task performance, while Khan and colleagues found weaker functional connectivity between cerebellum and areas associated with higher cognitive functioning (prefrontal, parietal, and temporal) in ASD compared to TD participants.","[4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_337,The findings of this study inspired Dangerfield to further explore adaptive behaviors for viral load suppression among black gay and bisexual men.,Important to note is that participants distinctly mentioned avoiding three types of sexual partners: people they believed were HIV-positive or who disclosed their HIVpositive status; users of injection drugs or heavy users of non-injection drugs; and men that participants described as ''flamboyant'' or ''feminine.'',"""Many of the participants in this study felt that pharmaceutical interventions such as PrEP might not be best for them and that they had enough personal agency to maintain their HIV status,"" he added. The findings of this study inspired Dangerfield to further explore adaptive behaviors for viral load suppression among black gay and bisexual men. ""Rather than highlighting pathologies of black MSM, I have been excited to continue exploring the resilience and strengths of the community to create a healthier discussion for HIV prevention.""","As one participant noted, Important to note is that participants distinctly mentioned avoiding three types of sexual partners: people they believed were HIV-positive or who disclosed their HIVpositive status; users of injection drugs or heavy users of non-injection drugs; and men that participants described as ''flamboyant'' or ''feminine.'' These themes seemed to be a function of two overarching goals: strategic (as perceived by the participant) avoidance of HIV and a more symbiotic goal of adhering to personal values.","[5.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_339,"""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article.","In combination, some of these decisions can be viewed adaptive risk reduction behaviors that facilitate avoidance of HIV, and some may have applicability to risk reduction interventions.","Consequently, participants did not mention PrEP as part of their strategy to prevent HIV acquisition, as it was not publicly available to them at the time of the study. ""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article. ""The scarcity of programs and interventions to support their maintained HIV negativity needs to be addressed as a primary prevention effort.""","One of the key messages from this study is that among men at high-risk for HIV who remain HIV negative (i.e., ''positive deviants''), there may be successive decisionmaking across a timeline to a sexual event that reduces risk, even if a condom is not used. In combination, some of these decisions can be viewed adaptive risk reduction behaviors that facilitate avoidance of HIV, and some may have applicability to risk reduction interventions. Findings suggest that men who do not contract HIV may be engaging in risk reduction strategies before and during sexual events that could lead to increased condom use, avoidance or delay of a risky sexual event (such as when the men discussed not getting so high or drunk they might end up in a situation in which they do not use a condom), or reduction of their risk pool (i.e., reducing the number or type of partners likely to have HIV through screening and pre-selection).","[4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,2.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_343,"You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals.",study of goals and feedback was not included in this analysis because they acknowledged that their goals-only group actually may have received informal feedback.,"Actually, the most successful people are very patient and avoid juggling many things. You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals. The 8 percent of people who nail down their goals are smart enough to work on several smaller chunks to complete a big goal.","These findings led Erez to conclude that KR is necessary for goals to affect performance. study of goals and feedback was not included in this analysis because they acknowledged that their goals-only group actually may have received informal feedback. In this study, as in the one by Frost and Mahoney (1976, Task A) , providing explicit or frequent feedback clearly facilitated performance.","[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_348,"When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically.","However, it will undoubtedly be the case that the four mechanisms noted earlier are differentially important in different tasks.","Setting and meeting larger goals is no different. When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically. They recognize when they're procrastinating.","We do not agree with those who claim that goal setting might work only on certain types of tasks. However, it will undoubtedly be the case that the four mechanisms noted earlier are differentially important in different tasks. For example, where more effort leads to immediate results, goals may work as long as they lead the subject to work harder.","[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,2.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_351,"Third, with the existence of these strengths-based interventions, social services providers can develop a program of services that support black gay and bisexual men's HIV-negativity maintenance.","Although the development of an adaptive strategies questionnaire to determine the extent of engagement in adaptive strategies and the relationship of adaptive strategies to remaining HIV negative over time was the end-goal of our study, we also see applicability of our qualitative findings to the development of a risk reduction intervention.","He adds: ""Second, strengths-based research will in turn inform evidence-based interventions that can support what black gay and bisexual men are doing 'right' by maintaining seronegativity, even if they are not practicing safer sex all the time. Third, with the existence of these strengths-based interventions, social services providers can develop a program of services that support black gay and bisexual men's HIV-negativity maintenance. These services can range from psychoeducational groups to support groups to social groups that explicitly and intentionally promote their efforts to maintain HIV negativity.""","Uncovering the more subtle strategies and motivations is the first step in the positive deviance approach and was done in this study by engaging men in in-depth discussions not only of known strategies for avoiding HIV, but of how they manage to sustain behaviors that are generally challenging for most men to sustain over time, and of behaviors that may not at face value seem protective, but when taken together could serve to lower exposure to risk. Although the development of an adaptive strategies questionnaire to determine the extent of engagement in adaptive strategies and the relationship of adaptive strategies to remaining HIV negative over time was the end-goal of our study, we also see applicability of our qualitative findings to the development of a risk reduction intervention. A tailored intervention based on these, when combined with known strategies such as condom use and PrEP, could serve to lower HIV risk.","[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,3.5,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_355,"While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men.","In combination, some of these decisions can be viewed adaptive risk reduction behaviors that facilitate avoidance of HIV, and some may have applicability to risk reduction interventions.","These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV. While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men. The four critical timepoints participants identified were (1) looking for sex partners, (2) choosing sex partners, (3) lead up to hookup, and (4) immediately before or during hookup.","One of the key messages from this study is that among men at high-risk for HIV who remain HIV negative (i.e., ''positive deviants''), there may be successive decisionmaking across a timeline to a sexual event that reduces risk, even if a condom is not used. In combination, some of these decisions can be viewed adaptive risk reduction behaviors that facilitate avoidance of HIV, and some may have applicability to risk reduction interventions. Findings suggest that men who do not contract HIV may be engaging in risk reduction strategies before and during sexual events that could lead to increased condom use, avoidance or delay of a risky sexual event (such as when the men discussed not getting so high or drunk they might end up in a situation in which they do not use a condom), or reduction of their risk pool (i.e., reducing the number or type of partners likely to have HIV through screening and pre-selection).","[1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,2.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1012,Psychology_405,"""Poor financial management may be an early sign of dementia, such that financial resources are depleted late in life,"" he suggested.","Higher hazards were also observed for those in the second-highest quintile of index of multiple deprivation (HR = 1.62 [95% CI, 1.06-2.46]) compared with those in the lowest (least deprived) quintile.","And the study did not prove that poverty directly causes dementia risk to rise, just that there's an association. ""Poor financial management may be an early sign of dementia, such that financial resources are depleted late in life,"" he suggested. ""This may also be a manifestation of executive thinking dysfunction, such as paying bills multiple times, or poor judgment and vulnerability to scam artists,"" Gandy said.","In the cohort born between 1926 and 1943, the hazard of developing dementia was 1.68 times higher (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.68 [95% CI, 1.05-2.86]) for those in the lowest wealth quintile compared with those in the highest quintile, independent of education, index of multiple deprivation, and health indicators. Higher hazards were also observed for those in the second-highest quintile of index of multiple deprivation (HR = 1.62 [95% CI, 1.06-2.46]) compared with those in the lowest (least deprived) quintile. In an English nationally representative sample, the incidence of dementia appeared to be socioeconomically patterned primarily by the level of wealth.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34066376689&p=1pl&v=1&x=JStmJFUYs9OT8Dj94wrxuw
10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.012,Psychology_420,"""Genetic inheritance continues to be critical for the capacity to quickly learn an adaptive behavior, but environmental factors that are stable over generations remove any selective pressure for the development of parallel genetic mechanisms.""","Indeed, it is a tenet of the best-known evolutionary psychology research approach that the dispositions to behavior presumed to have been differentially adaptive for women versus men in our ancestral past should persist in contemporary, modern humans (for an overview of numerous evolutionary approaches, see ), with environmental and social factors only modifying their manifestation in behavior.","""Even in non-human mammals, adaptive traits that have reliably developed in offspring for thousands of years can disappear within a few generations, if the relevant environmental conditions change,"" said Professor Dupre. ""Genetic inheritance continues to be critical for the capacity to quickly learn an adaptive behavior, but environmental factors that are stable over generations remove any selective pressure for the development of parallel genetic mechanisms."" Professor Joel said: ""Masculine and feminine behaviors cannot be explained by the existence of male and female brains, as has previously been suggested.","Together, all these sociocultural factors result in both short-and long-term effects of sex categorization on the development of skills, attitudes, experiences, and, of course, the brain, mediated by gender socialization, including self-socialization . Indeed, it is a tenet of the best-known evolutionary psychology research approach that the dispositions to behavior presumed to have been differentially adaptive for women versus men in our ancestral past should persist in contemporary, modern humans (for an overview of numerous evolutionary approaches, see ), with environmental and social factors only modifying their manifestation in behavior. Stability of environmental factors over generations can guarantee the reliable reproduction of a trait across generations, and also can remove any selective pressure for the development of parallel stabilizing genetic factors.","[4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,3.2,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/evolved-masculine-and-feminine-behaviors-can-be-inherited-from-social-environment/
10.1177/1948550616660592,Psychology_439,"For instance, people with low cognitive ability tended to express prejudice towards groups perceived as liberal and unconventional, such as atheists, gays, and lesbians, as well as groups of people perceived as having low choice over group membership, such as ethnic minorities.","This implies that there is a similar psychological mechanism for people higher and lower in cognitive ability, such as the effects of attitude dissimilarity or in-group/ out-group distinctions on prejudice .","Analyzing the results, the researchers found that people with both relatively higher and lower levels of cognitive ability show approximately equal levels of intergroup bias, but towards different groups. For instance, people with low cognitive ability tended to express prejudice towards groups perceived as liberal and unconventional, such as atheists, gays, and lesbians, as well as groups of people perceived as having low choice over group membership, such as ethnic minorities. People with high cognitive ability showed the reverse pattern, according to the study's findings.","Second, positive and negative correlations are consistent with a ''crossover interaction,'' where people both lower and higher in cognitive ability express intergroup bias, but toward different sets of groups. This implies that there is a similar psychological mechanism for people higher and lower in cognitive ability, such as the effects of attitude dissimilarity or in-group/ out-group distinctions on prejudice . Similar comprehensive knowledge-based tests had the strongest associations with prejudice in past research compared to other types of measures .","[3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/high-cognitive-ability-doesnt-eliminate-prejudice-study-finds/
10.1038/s41398-017-0048-8,Psychology_448,"They also found that while older bipolar disorder patients had significantly accelerated epigenetic aging compared to controls, no difference was found in younger patients.","This might be one of the reasons why we only detected significant differences in epigenetic aging in older subjects, especially considering the key role proposed for chronic stress and the high rates of unhealthy lifestyles seen in BD patients .","""Controlling these factors is just as important as taking medications,"" Fries said. They also found that while older bipolar disorder patients had significantly accelerated epigenetic aging compared to controls, no difference was found in younger patients. ""We believe a difference wasn't detected in younger patients because they haven't had as much exposure to stressful events,"" Fries said.","In line with previous results , our current findings suggest that DNAm age might represent a better aging marker than the commonly used telomere length, particularly in older individuals. This might be one of the reasons why we only detected significant differences in epigenetic aging in older subjects, especially considering the key role proposed for chronic stress and the high rates of unhealthy lifestyles seen in BD patients . Our findings suggest that accelerated epigenetic aging in BD may be at least partially associated with an increase in mtDNA copy number.","[5.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.6,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/uthealth-researchers-link-epigenetic-aging-to-bipolar-disorder/
10.3758/s13420-018-0367-5,Psychology_450,"The dogs ""checked"" more often when they did not know where the reward was hidden

The researchers found that the dogs did check significantly more often for the reward when they had not seen where it was placed.","Therefore, dogs must have adapted their searching behavior to increase their chance of success.","Great apes display this same behavior -- they will search more for a high-value food. The dogs ""checked"" more often when they did not know where the reward was hidden

The researchers found that the dogs did check significantly more often for the reward when they had not seen where it was placed. ""These results show that dogs do tend to actively seek extra information when they have not seen where a reward is hidden,"" explains Belger.","This suggests that they expected the bait was hidden behind one of the fences and, additionally, they grasped that they did not have enough information about where exactly it was hidden. Therefore, dogs must have adapted their searching behavior to increase their chance of success. We showed that dogs checked more in the Unseen condition, although they were not as successful as in the Seen condition when they checked.","[1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37749145009&p=1pl&v=1&x=waVbx3r3EF-OlD09KS4_Gg
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.11.008,Psychology_458,The litany of emotional issues did not greatly affect nonsmokers.,"This novel 4-group comparison is a critical innovation; with changes in the pattern of tobacco product use in the past several years, new typologies of adolescent tobacco product use have emerged, including both e-cigarette and dual use .","Vaping and smoking

Teenagers who used prescription drugs to get high and those with more symptoms of depression, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and other emotional issues were more likely to smoke than to vape e-cigarettes. The litany of emotional issues did not greatly affect nonsmokers. On the other hand, adolescents who both vaped and smoked had the poorest mental health, the study found.","This study is the first to comprehensively examine differences in psychiatric profiles between four different groups based on typologies of tobacco product use: (1) non-users; (2) e-cigarette only users; (3) conventional cigarette only users; and (4) dual users. This novel 4-group comparison is a critical innovation; with changes in the pattern of tobacco product use in the past several years, new typologies of adolescent tobacco product use have emerged, including both e-cigarette and dual use . This study's main findings were that: (1) e-cigarette only users reported a level of internalizing mental health problems midway between non-use and conventional cigarette use; and (2) externalizing/substance use comorbidity was extensive and followed an ordered pattern with dual users having the most severe and pervasive comorbidity, followed by single-product users and non-users, respectively.","[3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,2.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/teens-with-fewer-mental-health-issues-turn-to-e-cigarettes/
10.1177/1477370813496704,Psychology_473,The statistical analysis confirmed that belonging to a circle of fierce friends and acceptance of violence norms are related.,"In an analysis of three waves of the Rochester Youth Development Study could hardly find any cross-lagged reciprocal effects between delinquent peer association, delinquent beliefs and delinquent behaviour.","The statistical analysis confirmed that belonging to a circle of fierce friends and acceptance of violence norms are related. As one could reasonably expect these two factors increase the probability of brutal action. ""However, during the end of adolescence there seems to be a developmental shift in the causation of violence that is indicated by an increase in the effect of peer group association and a (less clear) decrease in the effect of pro-violent norms,"" Seddig elaborates.","Those who acquire delinquent friends at a young age then tend to have longer friendships as a consequence of the shared behavioural orientation. In an analysis of three waves of the Rochester Youth Development Study could hardly find any cross-lagged reciprocal effects between delinquent peer association, delinquent beliefs and delinquent behaviour. Especially minor delinquency did not influence delinquent peer group bonding ('everybody does it ', Menard & Elliott, 1994: 185) .","[1.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,1.6666666666666667,news,http://www.technology.org/2014/05/20/violent-years-case-german-teenagers/
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.039,Psychology_482,The team is expanding their research to explore how the elusive feelings of confidence are based on objective predictions that influence human decisions as well.,Response accuracy therefore becomes coupled with decision confidence.,"As Kepecs describes, ""we now know that the OFC is critical for making on-the-fly predictions in rats. The human OFC is just a more sophisticated version of the rodent counterpart."" The team is expanding their research to explore how the elusive feelings of confidence are based on objective predictions that influence human decisions as well.","The internal representation of the stimulus m 0 varies from trial to trial even if the stimulus mixture m is fixed. Response accuracy therefore becomes coupled with decision confidence. Instead, it could be assessed through the time spent by the observer in the reward port.","[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.75,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140918121438.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29
10.1177/0956797614531148,Psychology_484,"The results showed that, during normal reading, comprehension levels were about the same whether the students did or did not make a regression.","Third, the fact that subjects were much less likely to make a regression in the trailing-mask condition than in the normal-reading condition suggests that readers do have control over their eye movement behavior and adapt to conditions such as the trailing-mask manipulation.","""Our ability to control the timing and sequence of how we intake information about the text is important for comprehension. The results showed that, during normal reading, comprehension levels were about the same whether the students did or did not make a regression. These results suggest that we only make regressions when we fail to understand something, and we can fill in the gap by going back to look again.","Second, the fact that display condition did not affect the duration of gaze on the subject noun suggests that our manipulation did not dramatically affect the initial reading process. Third, the fact that subjects were much less likely to make a regression in the trailing-mask condition than in the normal-reading condition suggests that readers do have control over their eye movement behavior and adapt to conditions such as the trailing-mask manipulation. Finally, and most important, our data showing the relationship between regressions and reading comprehension are the most compelling evidence suggesting that reading without the ability to reread parts of the text, when necessary, decreases comprehension accuracy.","[5.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 5.0]",Psychology,val,3.0,news,http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140422113428.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.03.001,Psychology_510,"Beckley, who is in the department of psychology and neuroscience at Duke, said the adult-onset group had a history of anti-social behavior back to childhood, but reported committing relatively fewer crimes.",Our results showed that most of the official adult-onset men began their antisocial activities during early childhood.,"Using this unusually rich source of data, the study was able to look at childhood history compared with adult behavior. Beckley, who is in the department of psychology and neuroscience at Duke, said the adult-onset group had a history of anti-social behavior back to childhood, but reported committing relatively fewer crimes. This group reported committing more crimes than folks who had never been convicted, but fewer crimes than people who had been in trouble as juveniles.","Our results, along with past research (see, for example, , indicate that as a whole, apparent adult-onset offenders are responsible for a small minority of total crime. Our results showed that most of the official adult-onset men began their antisocial activities during early childhood. In fact, on average, official adult-onset men were similar to juvenile-onset men on multiple measures of child and adolescent antisocial behavior.","[5.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,4.4,news,http://www.science20.com/news_articles/juvenile_offenders_probably_more_criminal_to_begin_with-170569
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Psychology_52,"Published in Molecular Autism, the research reveals disruptions in the brain's circuitry involved in ToM at multiple levels compared to typical brain functioning.",They also shed light on the disruption in brain functioning in general and connectivity in particular in autism when challenged by complex tasks like ToM.,"An innovative brain imaging study has uncovered new evidence explaining why ToM deficiencies are present in ASD children. Published in Molecular Autism, the research reveals disruptions in the brain's circuitry involved in ToM at multiple levels compared to typical brain functioning. The findings provide valuable insight into understanding the functional makeup of a vital neural network that is critical for characterizing the social symptoms in individuals with ASD.","The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the neurobiology of social cognition in autism, especially to the complex profile of brain activation and connectivity in children with autism. They also shed light on the disruption in brain functioning in general and connectivity in particular in autism when challenged by complex tasks like ToM. Additional file 1: Table S1 .","[3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.003,Psychology_531,"They might be a good way to fight anxiety or depression, or simply make you feel better after a bad day.",The present study has a few limitations that deserve discussion.,"They might be a good way to fight anxiety or depression, or simply make you feel better after a bad day. The people who took probiotic supplements began to see improvements in their moods; they reported less reactivity to sad moods than those who took placebos. In other words, the people who took probiotic supplements were better able to overcome sad moods than the others, and thus had fewer depressive thoughts following bouts of sadness.","Follow-up probiotics studies could explore this possibility, for example by using the lactulose/mannitol ratio in urine to evaluate intestinal permeability . The present study has a few limitations that deserve discussion. Hence we cannot exclude that the consumption of probiotics was accompanied by spontaneous dietary changes that may have indirectly accounted for the effect.","[1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.5,news,http://www.medicaldaily.com/mental-health-benefits-probiotics-good-bacteria-may-improve-mood-fight-depression-328882
10.1111/cdev.12905,Psychology_558,"Le resulta facil conocer a gente nueva, tiene una hermana con la que tiene una relacion muy cercana y, actualmente, esta en una relacion.","The connection between close friendship strength and relative increases in self-worth, in particular, extends to adolescence prior findings by , in which younger children undergoing negative events experienced less of a decrease in self-worth when their best friend was present.","No es que Jasmine no tenga una red de apoyo. Le resulta facil conocer a gente nueva, tiene una hermana con la que tiene una relacion muy cercana y, actualmente, esta en una relacion. Es mas bien que no tiene una persona en particular que sea muy cercana, para ella eso resulta limitante.","Results suggested that close friendship strength is more closely correlated with positive mental health changes during and beyond adolescence, whereas peer preference was not predictive of proximal mental health and was predictive of higher levels of later social anxiety. The connection between close friendship strength and relative increases in self-worth, in particular, extends to adolescence prior findings by , in which younger children undergoing negative events experienced less of a decrease in self-worth when their best friend was present. The current findings suggest the possibility that a strong close friendship provides not only a protective function, as shown by the earlier study, but potentially a promotional one as well for how one sees oneself as an individual.","[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,2.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39440697552&p=1pl&v=1&x=E5trmJI4zr9iUYxE9XkTjA
10.1093/scan/nsq092,Psychology_559,"It turns out, itas actually a pretty common phenomenon.",Voxel size of functional images was 3 Â 3 Â 3 mm.,"Later, you canat concentrate on your philosophy reading for class because you keep replaying that hilarious thing they said the other day. It turns out, itas actually a pretty common phenomenon. So you can rest assured that youare not alone if you often feel distracted musing and fantasizing about your SO.","Thus, it appears that the Partner vs HFN and Partner vs CF activation differences were not due to objective differences in facial attractiveness. Voxel size of functional images was 3 Â 3 Â 3 mm. Given our a priori hypotheses, and our duplication of methods from Aron et al.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37027040136&p=1pl&v=1&x=BgNqC83bUHcwRLGh0jtd5g
10.1177/0190272510361602,Psychology_566,"""Kanazawa's fraud research and studies reflect modern eugenics, and Northwestern should be ashamed of approving his application to conduct research in Evanston.""","Their study, however, does not include general intelligence as a correlate of political attitude, except that they show that openness to experience is negatively correlated with conservatism, and we know from studies cited above that openness correlates positively with intelligence.","""Kanazawa's misogynoir nonsense should not be tolerated on Northwestern's campus, a campus that prides itself with its commitment to support a diverse and inclusive campus community."" ""Kanazawa's fraud research and studies reflect modern eugenics, and Northwestern should be ashamed of approving his application to conduct research in Evanston."" ""I find that his scholarship presents ideas that are antithetical to values that Northwestern University holds dear,"" Holloway wrote to the Northwestern community.","In a comprehensive meta-analysis, uncover a large number of personality correlates with conservatism such as death anxiety and intolerance of ambiguity. Their study, however, does not include general intelligence as a correlate of political attitude, except that they show that openness to experience is negatively correlated with conservatism, and we know from studies cited above that openness correlates positively with intelligence. Given that the situation is inherently ambiguous, our ancestors could have made one of two errors of inference.","[1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,2.2,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38027690392&p=1pl&v=1&x=31MOSR5fCzrsPTrEpTW2PA
10.1073/pnas.1303312110,Psychology_567,"""If language affects performance on a test like this, it indicates that language is influencing vision at a pretty early stage.",*This hit rate is substantially higher than the 50% QUEST threshold to which the staircasing procedure was set because participants' performance tends to improve during the course of the experiment.,"""Unless they can tell us they saw it, there's nothing to suggest the brain was taking it in at all,"" Lupyan says. ""If language affects performance on a test like this, it indicates that language is influencing vision at a pretty early stage. It's getting really deep into the visual system.""","A weak bottom-up signal combined with the top-down signal produced by the label may be sufficient to propel the percept into awareness. *This hit rate is substantially higher than the 50% QUEST threshold to which the staircasing procedure was set because participants' performance tends to improve during the course of the experiment. The mean hit-rate for no-label trials during the start of the experimental session (first 20 trials) was not significantly different from 50%, t < 1.","[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,1.4,news,http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112932599/language-helps-eyes-see-invisible-082713/
10.1093/sf/sox069,Psychology_576,(See graph for all subjects up to fourth birth order.),"Given the setting that our data is drawn from, we expect that these results could be even more pronounced in a context such as the United States, where tuition fees are high.","The researchers also found that the relative probability of second-borns studying arts programs was 27 percent higher than for first-borns, while the difference was 36 percent between third-borns and first-borns. (See graph for all subjects up to fourth birth order.) Not just a consequence of first-borns having better grades in school

""Sibling differences in choice of university program was not just a consequence of first-borns having better grades in school,"" says Kieron Barclay.","Since the Swedish education system provides free tertiary education, these results are not driven by the exhaustion of family financial resources by earlier-born siblings. Given the setting that our data is drawn from, we expect that these results could be even more pronounced in a context such as the United States, where tuition fees are high. We also found clear differences in the birth order patterns by socioeconomic status, as the effects were substantially stronger amongst siblings from high-SES families than amongst siblings from low-SES families.","[1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,1.8,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/later-borns-choose-less-prestigious-programmes-at-university/
10.1093/scan/nsu034,Psychology_581,"""It's all about the dopamine.""",Only significant effects involving the factor Condition are reported.,"There's a reason a new relationship feels like a special time, and it's because your brain and body are adapting to all these shifts. ""It's all about the dopamine."" ""The downside is that when we are on this romance-induced dopamine high, we may ignore important details about the other person,"" Dr. Hafeez says.","Visual inspection of the ERP data revealed that the LPP was maximal between 500 and 800 ms after stimulus onset (Figure 1 ). Only significant effects involving the factor Condition are reported. All ratings differed between conditions, all Fs(2,38) > 47.7, all ""s > 0.79, all Ps < 0.001.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.4,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37963717695&p=1pl&v=1&x=G3PpYd4mOZsYqB85ht2PVg
10.5664/jcsm.6472,Psychology_590,">>

A force de vouloir controler ces moments de repos, certains tombent dans l'exces.","It was recommended that she follow up for a course of CBT-I, but she did not follow up because of a lack of insurance coverage for that type of service.","<< Nous ne sommes plus dans la tendance des annees 70, ou l'on reduisait le sommeil au profit de la productivite. >>

A force de vouloir controler ces moments de repos, certains tombent dans l'exces. >> Sans surprise, l'homme passait de mauvaises nuits.","Despite hearing that she slept deeply on the in-laboratory polysomnogram, the patient asked, ""Then why does my Fitbit say I am sleeping poorly?"" It was recommended that she follow up for a course of CBT-I, but she did not follow up because of a lack of insurance coverage for that type of service. After he started monitoring his sleep, he became concerned about periods of restless sleep during the night.","[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.6,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39533675580&p=1pl&v=1&x=ABna18EAgNrOz4tLP9xJaQ
10.1080/03054985.2016.1235031,Psychology_62,"Comparator schools had a slightly lower figure of students doing well at mathematics at first, but results soon caught up with those at schools who were taking part in intervention activities.","If anything, the comparator group appears to be catching up with the intervention group, for maths outcomes at the school level.","By looking at five years of data she found that among the 300 schools who participated there was no impact on maths GCSE results. Comparator schools had a slightly lower figure of students doing well at mathematics at first, but results soon caught up with those at schools who were taking part in intervention activities. The comparator group had a slightly higher proportion of pupils with free school meals, and the study did not find evidence that STEM interventions improved outcomes for less advantaged students.","All of these ways of presenting the findings show that the intervention group of schools did not make more progress than the comparator group. If anything, the comparator group appears to be catching up with the intervention group, for maths outcomes at the school level. Again, the intervention group started with fewer FSM pupils (Table 12) .","[4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/stem-enrichment-activities-have-no-impact-on-exam-results/
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_tweet_118,"#ThinkTankThursday :given the high #HIV prevalence among #Black #MSM, what adaptive strategies do “high risk” HIV negative guys use to maintain their status?  Find out in our paper of positive deviance exploring this issue!👨🏽‍🎓💆🏽‍♂️🙇🏽‍♂️ ","And I know there's guys that will but not me… If somebody told me they're HIV positive, to me that would frighten me to even want to participate in anything but conversation.","#ThinkTankThursday :given the high #HIV prevalence among #Black #MSM, what adaptive strategies do “high risk” HIV negative guys use to maintain their status?  Find out in our paper of positive deviance exploring this issue!👨🏽‍🎓💆🏽‍♂️🙇🏽‍♂️ ","I don't even want to be a part of that. And I know there's guys that will but not me… If somebody told me they're HIV positive, to me that would frighten me to even want to participate in anything but conversation. Another had this to say:","[2.0, 3.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,2.333333333333333,tweets,1073217951397003264
10.1177/0305735613517410,Psychology_tweet_136,"Music can lift you out of a funk, if you can truly immerse yourself in its beauty  via ","We argue that the more beautiful music is, the easier it is for the listener to concentrate on the music.","Music can lift you out of a funk, if you can truly immerse yourself in its beauty  via ","As predicted (2c) people most often selected music with a high aesthetic value selection strategy when they aimed for distraction. We argue that the more beautiful music is, the easier it is for the listener to concentrate on the music. Moreover, these findings are in line with findings that stimulus that is perceived to have high aesthetic value will generate sensory pleasure and inhibit displeasure Menon & Levitin, 2005) .","[4.0, 3.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.8,tweets,431443332829437955
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_tweet_15,"Using a ""Positive Deviance"" Framework to Discover Adaptive Risk Reduction Behaviors among High-Risk #HIV Negative Black Men Who Have Sex with Men [a]  HT @username #MSM #BMSM #SexualHealth #Sexuality #SexualBehavior #SRH #GUM #SRHR ","One of the key messages from this study is that among men at high-risk for HIV who remain HIV negative (i.e., ''positive deviants''), there may be successive decisionmaking across a timeline to a sexual event that reduces risk, even if a condom is not used.","Using a ""Positive Deviance"" Framework to Discover Adaptive Risk Reduction Behaviors among High-Risk #HIV Negative Black Men Who Have Sex with Men [a]  HT @username #MSM #BMSM #SexualHealth #Sexuality #SexualBehavior #SRH #GUM #SRHR ","As noted throughout this article, some of these findings are not unique as strategies for avoiding HIV, since there have been many mass media campaigns that promote condom use, HIV testing, and disclosure of HIV status and many of these behaviors are known and commonly used as prevention strategies among MSM; however, in-depth knowledge about who engages in these behaviors, to what extent, in what combinations, and how men otherwise at very high risk for HIV manage to do so, are limited. One of the key messages from this study is that among men at high-risk for HIV who remain HIV negative (i.e., ''positive deviants''), there may be successive decisionmaking across a timeline to a sexual event that reduces risk, even if a condom is not used. In combination, some of these decisions can be viewed adaptive risk reduction behaviors that facilitate avoidance of HIV, and some may have applicability to risk reduction interventions.","[5.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,tweets,1042752942993014784
10.1038/s41398-017-0048-8,Psychology_tweet_165,Reading...@username @username Researchers Link Epigenetic Aging to #BipolarDisorder   @username Translational  Psychiatry  ,"This might be one of the reasons why we only detected significant differences in epigenetic aging in older subjects, especially considering the key role proposed for chronic stress and the high rates of unhealthy lifestyles seen in BD patients .",Reading...@username @username Researchers Link Epigenetic Aging to #BipolarDisorder   @username Translational  Psychiatry  ,"In line with previous results , our current findings suggest that DNAm age might represent a better aging marker than the commonly used telomere length, particularly in older individuals. This might be one of the reasons why we only detected significant differences in epigenetic aging in older subjects, especially considering the key role proposed for chronic stress and the high rates of unhealthy lifestyles seen in BD patients . Our findings suggest that accelerated epigenetic aging in BD may be at least partially associated with an increase in mtDNA copy number.","[4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,3.4,tweets,940580806233415680
10.1038/s41598-017-02274-2,Psychology_tweet_167,Our new study with @username in @username : How ‘wearing’ a tactile heart(beat) helps you stay calmer  ,Participants in the doppel active condition displayed lower increases in skin conductance responses relative to baseline and reported lower anxiety levels compared to the control group.,Our new study with @username in @username : How ‘wearing’ a tactile heart(beat) helps you stay calmer  ,"Vickhoff and colleagues 6 monitored the heart rates of singers and found that as the members sang in unison, their pulses began to speed up and slow down at the same rate. Participants in the doppel active condition displayed lower increases in skin conductance responses relative to baseline and reported lower anxiety levels compared to the control group. Therefore, the presence, as opposed to its absence, of a slow rhythm, which in the present study was instantiated as an auxiliary slow heartbeat delivered through doppel, had a significant calming effect on physiological arousal and subjective experience during a socially stressful situation.","[3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,3.6,tweets,866943938342653952
10.1177/0956797614531148,Psychology_tweet_172,Interesting paper on reading and eye movement.  ,"Third, the fact that subjects were much less likely to make a regression in the trailing-mask condition than in the normal-reading condition suggests that readers do have control over their eye movement behavior and adapt to conditions such as the trailing-mask manipulation.",Interesting paper on reading and eye movement.  ,"Second, the fact that display condition did not affect the duration of gaze on the subject noun suggests that our manipulation did not dramatically affect the initial reading process. Third, the fact that subjects were much less likely to make a regression in the trailing-mask condition than in the normal-reading condition suggests that readers do have control over their eye movement behavior and adapt to conditions such as the trailing-mask manipulation. Finally, and most important, our data showing the relationship between regressions and reading comprehension are the most compelling evidence suggesting that reading without the ability to reread parts of the text, when necessary, decreases comprehension accuracy.","[4.0, 3.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,3.6666666666666665,tweets,460835263871479808
10.1177/1044207315585823,Psychology_tweet_173,New research from @username shows what individual factors impact employment success. Education tops list.... ,"Controlling for all other individual characteristics, we find the employment gap between individuals with and without disabilities is smaller among those in their 20s and 60s relative to the middle aged, Asians relative to Whites, Hispanics relative to non-Hispanics, married individuals, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment, and women.",New research from @username shows what individual factors impact employment success. Education tops list.... ,"We find that 585823D PSXXX10.1177/1044207315585823Journal of Disability Policy StudiesSevak et al. Controlling for all other individual characteristics, we find the employment gap between individuals with and without disabilities is smaller among those in their 20s and 60s relative to the middle aged, Asians relative to Whites, Hispanics relative to non-Hispanics, married individuals, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment, and women. Overall, results suggest that policies and practices designed to improve employment outcomes among people with disabilities should consider how individual characteristics interact with disability as challenges to or facilitators of employment success.","[1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,2.2,tweets,629045604149252096
10.1111/cdev.12905,Psychology_tweet_183,Quality better than quantity for adolescent friendships (£)  by @username Study here ,"The connection between close friendship strength and relative increases in self-worth, in particular, extends to adolescence prior findings by , in which younger children undergoing negative events experienced less of a decrease in self-worth when their best friend was present.",Quality better than quantity for adolescent friendships (£)  by @username Study here ,"Results suggested that close friendship strength is more closely correlated with positive mental health changes during and beyond adolescence, whereas peer preference was not predictive of proximal mental health and was predictive of higher levels of later social anxiety. The connection between close friendship strength and relative increases in self-worth, in particular, extends to adolescence prior findings by , in which younger children undergoing negative events experienced less of a decrease in self-worth when their best friend was present. The current findings suggest the possibility that a strong close friendship provides not only a protective function, as shown by the earlier study, but potentially a promotional one as well for how one sees oneself as an individual.","[4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.6,tweets,899947038909091841
10.3758/s13420-018-0367-5,Psychology_tweet_213,"""Similar to apes, dogs seek additional information in uncertain situations""  ","Therefore, dogs must have adapted their searching behavior to increase their chance of success.","""Similar to apes, dogs seek additional information in uncertain situations""  ","This suggests that they expected the bait was hidden behind one of the fences and, additionally, they grasped that they did not have enough information about where exactly it was hidden. Therefore, dogs must have adapted their searching behavior to increase their chance of success. We showed that dogs checked more in the Unseen condition, although they were not as successful as in the Seen condition when they checked.","[4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,2.75,tweets,1063136517965647872
10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.02.013,Psychology_tweet_214,Two new studies shows that dark chocolate and high-protein diets improve cognitive functions  and ,"The source of the interaction was that the control condition first group performed significantly worse in week one than in the second week when they consumed high CF chocolate (79.8% versus 87.4%, t(14) = 2.21, p < 0.05)).",Two new studies shows that dark chocolate and high-protein diets improve cognitive functions  and ,"The two treatment order groups performed similarly in the high CF condition (86.9% high CF first versus 87.4% control first), and the high CF first group maintained this performance level in the second week when they consumed white chocolate (87.2%). The source of the interaction was that the control condition first group performed significantly worse in week one than in the second week when they consumed high CF chocolate (79.8% versus 87.4%, t(14) = 2.21, p < 0.05)). In the high CF condition the median of the inter-participant rtm distribution during the predictable phase of the task was faster by 40 msec than in the low CF condition (517 versus 557 msec), which was a significant difference, (z = -2.33, p < 0.01).","[4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.25,tweets,121683220436750336
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.039,Psychology_tweet_248,"Gambling with time. OFC important for decision confidence reports, but not accuracy ",Response accuracy therefore becomes coupled with decision confidence.,"Gambling with time. OFC important for decision confidence reports, but not accuracy ","The internal representation of the stimulus m 0 varies from trial to trial even if the stimulus mixture m is fixed. Response accuracy therefore becomes coupled with decision confidence. Instead, it could be assessed through the time spent by the observer in the reward port.","[3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,2.25,tweets,514480487847710720
10.1186/s12888-018-1693-z,Psychology_tweet_250,"Risk scales are used widely by clinicians in the management of patients attending hospital following self-harm, while they are not suitable for the purpose of predicting repeat self-harm or suicide. Recently published in #BMCPsychiatry
","For example, randomised controlled trials could combine structured risk assessment with other aspects of care, such as comprehensive follow-up planning or building therapeutic alliance.","Risk scales are used widely by clinicians in the management of patients attending hospital following self-harm, while they are not suitable for the purpose of predicting repeat self-harm or suicide. Recently published in #BMCPsychiatry
","Given that scales continue to be widely used by clinicians, future studies could consider if they could be combined with other approaches to increase their effectiveness. For example, randomised controlled trials could combine structured risk assessment with other aspects of care, such as comprehensive follow-up planning or building therapeutic alliance. Further studies of this kind could help to determine aspects of risk scales that might be useful in the management of self-harm.","[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,2.4,tweets,989695872312242178
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1012,Psychology_tweet_259,"Wealth in late life associated with dementia risk in England 
Pleased to see our paper published @username with Prof Andrew Steptoe @username Prof David Batty @username @username &amp; @username ","Higher hazards were also observed for those in the second-highest quintile of index of multiple deprivation (HR = 1.62 [95% CI, 1.06-2.46]) compared with those in the lowest (least deprived) quintile.","Wealth in late life associated with dementia risk in England 
Pleased to see our paper published @username with Prof Andrew Steptoe @username Prof David Batty @username @username &amp; @username ","In the cohort born between 1926 and 1943, the hazard of developing dementia was 1.68 times higher (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.68 [95% CI, 1.05-2.86]) for those in the lowest wealth quintile compared with those in the highest quintile, independent of education, index of multiple deprivation, and health indicators. Higher hazards were also observed for those in the second-highest quintile of index of multiple deprivation (HR = 1.62 [95% CI, 1.06-2.46]) compared with those in the lowest (least deprived) quintile. In an English nationally representative sample, the incidence of dementia appeared to be socioeconomically patterned primarily by the level of wealth.","[1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,tweets,996778855141707777
10.1073/pnas.1310442111,Psychology_tweet_272,The Secret Behind Galileo’s Illusion ,"However, this explanation seemed unlikely because such nonlinearity would cause pronounced differences in the strength of ON and OFF visual responses throughout the visual pathway.",The Secret Behind Galileo’s Illusion ,"Therefore, the measurements with rectified sinusoidal gratings suggest that the ON visual channel can respond to higher-frequency gratings than the OFF visual channel, just the contrary of what we concluded from measurements of receptive field size (Fig. However, this explanation seemed unlikely because such nonlinearity would cause pronounced differences in the strength of ON and OFF visual responses throughout the visual pathway. To our surprise, OFF visual responses increased their strength roughly linearly with luminance contrast, independently of the background luminance, in both LGN and cortex ( Fig.","[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,2.0,tweets,433284879812657152
10.1038/s41598-019-43944-7,Psychology_tweet_280,"Individual differences in taste and smell can influence perception of real foods. Now, new data from Breen et al suggests oral touch also has phenotypic variation that may influence texture perception in chocolate.



@username @username #WeAreSensory","In contrast to the detection threshold data, substantially more variability was observed in discrimination threshold estimates across individuals.","Individual differences in taste and smell can influence perception of real foods. Now, new data from Breen et al suggests oral touch also has phenotypic variation that may influence texture perception in chocolate.



@username @username #WeAreSensory","However, those studies did not directly assess potential relationships between pressure point sensitivity and FP density, and we did not collect data on FP density here, so additional work is needed to explore possible relationships between papillae density and oral somatosensory function. In contrast to the detection threshold data, substantially more variability was observed in discrimination threshold estimates across individuals. We did not find evidence of any significant differences in terms of discrimination ability across loci; however, discrimination threshold estimates did seem to show the same pattern as the detection thresholds, with the tongue tip having slightly lower threshold estimates.","[3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.75,tweets,1128589758672900096
10.1038/s41598-019-44667-5,Psychology_tweet_283,"Ever wonder why you like someone but can’t really place it? Sometimes processes of affiliation take place “beneath the skin”. Learn more in my recent @username publication, conducted with @username #synchrony

","That is, sharing similar amounts sympathetic reactivity was sufficient to increase perceptions of similarity regardless of social context and no matter the arousal levels partners shared.","Ever wonder why you like someone but can’t really place it? Sometimes processes of affiliation take place “beneath the skin”. Learn more in my recent @username publication, conducted with @username #synchrony

","Sympathetic synchrony predicted perceived similarity between partners and this was true regardless of the social or physiological context. That is, sharing similar amounts sympathetic reactivity was sufficient to increase perceptions of similarity regardless of social context and no matter the arousal levels partners shared. Although this finding runs counter to the expectation that physiological synchrony would be most socially meaningful in the context of physiological reactivity, the finding is supported by prior work demonstrating a link between sympathetic synchrony and affiliation among strangers in similarly benign settings .","[4.0, 1.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,4.0,tweets,1135572439163793414
10.1080/02640414.2016.1189588,Psychology_tweet_294,.@username Here's the study which used relative age identification on shirts:  ,If this were to be the case then a significant reduction in selection bias would have been expected for the date-of-birth group who did have access to the birthdates of the players.,.@username Here's the study which used relative age identification on shirts:  ,"It seemed reasonable to presume that talent scouts would take into account the birthdates of players when making selections (e.g., . If this were to be the case then a significant reduction in selection bias would have been expected for the date-of-birth group who did have access to the birthdates of the players. The clear outcome from our study though was that knowledge of the birthdates did not alter the magnitude of the selection bias: the significant bias found for the scouts in the no-age group remained unchanged for the date-ofbirth group.","[1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]",Psychology,val,1.4,tweets,782117688487337984
10.5664/jcsm.6472,Psychology_tweet_299,"Didn't know that: ""Orthosomnia"" is the unhealthy preoccupation with tracking your sleep. ","It was recommended that she follow up for a course of CBT-I, but she did not follow up because of a lack of insurance coverage for that type of service.","Didn't know that: ""Orthosomnia"" is the unhealthy preoccupation with tracking your sleep. ","Despite hearing that she slept deeply on the in-laboratory polysomnogram, the patient asked, ""Then why does my Fitbit say I am sleeping poorly?"" It was recommended that she follow up for a course of CBT-I, but she did not follow up because of a lack of insurance coverage for that type of service. After he started monitoring his sleep, he became concerned about periods of restless sleep during the night.","[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]",Psychology,val,1.0,tweets,954858693132132352
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_tweet_36,We used a #positivedeviance framework to explore adaptive strategies among #HIV negative  Black #MSM given a high risk of infection @username @username  ,"Because Black MSM have the highest rate of HIV, a diverse network could lower the risk of selecting an HIV positive partner.",We used a #positivedeviance framework to explore adaptive strategies among #HIV negative  Black #MSM given a high risk of infection @username @username  ,"Having a racially and ethnically diverse social network could lead to more a diverse pool of partners. Because Black MSM have the highest rate of HIV, a diverse network could lower the risk of selecting an HIV positive partner. Nine of 29 (31%) participants explicitly mentioned having a diverse social network that includes men and women of differing racial/ ethnic backgrounds and sexual orientations.","[2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,2.6,tweets,1004524549915004928
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.03.001,Psychology_tweet_80,Do we need a tailored theory for adult-onset offenders? Doesn't seem like it. ,Our results showed that most of the official adult-onset men began their antisocial activities during early childhood.,Do we need a tailored theory for adult-onset offenders? Doesn't seem like it. ,"Our results, along with past research (see, for example, , indicate that as a whole, apparent adult-onset offenders are responsible for a small minority of total crime. Our results showed that most of the official adult-onset men began their antisocial activities during early childhood. In fact, on average, official adult-onset men were similar to juvenile-onset men on multiple measures of child and adolescent antisocial behavior.","[5.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]",Psychology,val,3.2,tweets,714847923952033792
10.1177/1948550616660592,Psychology_tweet_86,"Research article:  ""People of low cognitive ability tend to be prejudiced against non-conventional or liberal... ","This implies that there is a similar psychological mechanism for people higher and lower in cognitive ability, such as the effects of attitude dissimilarity or in-group/ out-group distinctions on prejudice .","Research article:  ""People of low cognitive ability tend to be prejudiced against non-conventional or liberal... ","Second, positive and negative correlations are consistent with a ''crossover interaction,'' where people both lower and higher in cognitive ability express intergroup bias, but toward different sets of groups. This implies that there is a similar psychological mechanism for people higher and lower in cognitive ability, such as the effects of attitude dissimilarity or in-group/ out-group distinctions on prejudice . Similar comprehensive knowledge-based tests had the strongest associations with prejudice in past research compared to other types of measures .","[3.0, 3.0, 5.0, 4.0]",Psychology,val,3.75,tweets,795496428294410240
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_20,"They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team).","Pressure, of course, also can be self-imposed as in the case of the Type A personality who appears to be a compulsive goal achiever Based on the findings to date, the following conclusions about goal setting seem warranted:","High performers and productive people don't do it alone. They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team). If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley.","In the studies by and , competitive or community pressures led to setting goals that were unrealistically high. Pressure, of course, also can be self-imposed as in the case of the Type A personality who appears to be a compulsive goal achiever Based on the findings to date, the following conclusions about goal setting seem warranted: The beneficial effect of goal setting on task performance is one of the most robust and replicable findings in the psychological literature.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_51,"Dacus provides some insight into what intentional engagement of these men might look like: ""Strengths-based approaches to HIV prevention will necessitate both consideration and inclusion of prevention research, policy, practices, programming, and interventions for black gay and bisexual men,"" he said.",Two other participants mentioned carrying condoms with them when they thought they would be engaging in anal sex with partners.,"This underscores the need for community-based organizations and health service providers to constructively engage HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men as part of their comprehensive HIV prevention strategy. Dacus provides some insight into what intentional engagement of these men might look like: ""Strengths-based approaches to HIV prevention will necessitate both consideration and inclusion of prevention research, policy, practices, programming, and interventions for black gay and bisexual men,"" he said. ""First, more funding needs to be available to support research that is strengths-based.","One participant said this, as he pulled a plastic bag filled with condoms out of his backpack to demonstrate: ''I carry condoms with me everywhere I go'' (P002, 29, heroin, powder cocaine, and heavy alcohol user.) Two other participants mentioned carrying condoms with them when they thought they would be engaging in anal sex with partners. One participant noted that he keeps condoms available, out in the open in his apartment:",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_52,"You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals.","Moreover, no difference on a measure of goal acceptance was found.","Actually, the most successful people are very patient and avoid juggling many things. You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals. The 8 percent of people who nail down their goals are smart enough to work on several smaller chunks to complete a big goal.","As predicted, no significant differences in performance were found between the two goal setting groups. Moreover, no difference on a measure of goal acceptance was found. In the first experiment employees who participated in setting their goals on a test attained the same performance level as individuals who were assigned goals of the same difficulty level.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_54,"You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals.",Such expectations evidently stem from selfperceptions about ability on the task in question .,"Actually, the most successful people are very patient and avoid juggling many things. You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals. The 8 percent of people who nail down their goals are smart enough to work on several smaller chunks to complete a big goal.","Other things being equal, individuals are more likely to accept or choose a given goal when they have high rather than low expectations of reaching it . Such expectations evidently stem from selfperceptions about ability on the task in question . Presumably these perceptions are inferences from past performance.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_73,It's important to figure out the reasons for your procrastination.,"Although few consistent differences in task performance appear between assigned and participatively set goal groups, several tentative conclusions regarding the influence of participation can be drawn.","They recognize when they're procrastinating. It's important to figure out the reasons for your procrastination. Contrary to popular belief, multitasking is actually counterproductive.","It was also found that it took significantly longer to set goals in the participative goal conditions than in the assigned conditions because the subjects asked more questions regarding what answers were acceptable. Although few consistent differences in task performance appear between assigned and participatively set goal groups, several tentative conclusions regarding the influence of participation can be drawn. There appear to be two possible mechanisms by which participation could affect task motivation.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_89,"It found that many participants attributed their ability to stay HIV negative to a strong sense of religious and spiritual identity, social support from friends and family, and social engagement with other HIV-negative black MSM in safe spaces.","Similarly, another participant, when asked if values play a role in decisions about sex, condoms or drug use, said simply ''no sex with drugs.''","Understanding how black gay and bisexual men are able to remain negative -- despite being constantly labeled ""high risk"" for or ""vulnerable"" to HIV by public health researchers and health care providers alike -- might provide us a roadmap for how to achieve better health outcomes and ultimately end the AIDS epidemic. It found that many participants attributed their ability to stay HIV negative to a strong sense of religious and spiritual identity, social support from friends and family, and social engagement with other HIV-negative black MSM in safe spaces. The study noted the need to provide safe social spaces for black gay and bisexual men to engage around HIV prevention and the need to incorporate HIV prevention messages into religious/spiritual contexts.","But if I do, it would probably just be something like 'G' [GHB] , where it kind of just makes me feel a little bit more like sexual (P010, age 35, GHB, powder cocaine, and heavy alcohol user.) Similarly, another participant, when asked if values play a role in decisions about sex, condoms or drug use, said simply ''no sex with drugs.'' Discuss HIV Status Immediately Before Sex Ten (34%) participants explicitly mentioned discussing their partners' HIV status immediately before having sex.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Psychology_easy_92,"Furthermore, the synchronization between such pairs of regions was lower in the autism group.","A separate cluster for TD > ASD was found more ventral in MPFC, although this cluster did not survive multiple comparisons correction.","The children with ASD showed significantly reduced activation compared to the neurotypical children in the brain regions considered to be part of the ToM network, such as the medial frontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction. Furthermore, the synchronization between such pairs of regions was lower in the autism group. The results support Just's 2004 influential ""Frontal-Posterior Underconnectivity Theory of Autism,"" which first discovered this lower synchronization.","Although our cluster of reduced activation in the ASD group in SFG/MPFC was found to be more superior and posterior, and not ventral, it lies very proximate to relatively superior areas in MPFC found in the HCP map. A separate cluster for TD > ASD was found more ventral in MPFC, although this cluster did not survive multiple comparisons correction. These findings of reduced activation in SFG/MPFC, TPJ, STS, and PCC are consistent with neuroimaging studies of ToM using these same animated stimuli in adults with ASD [ .",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_101,"""The scarcity of programs and interventions to support their maintained HIV negativity needs to be addressed as a primary prevention effort.""","Although condom use (and PrEP) may be the ultimate prevention goal, most men in the study admittedly do not use condoms consistently and most were not amenable to PrEP.","""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article. ""The scarcity of programs and interventions to support their maintained HIV negativity needs to be addressed as a primary prevention effort."" This underscores the need for community-based organizations and health service providers to constructively engage HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men as part of their comprehensive HIV prevention strategy.","Findings suggest that men who do not contract HIV may be engaging in risk reduction strategies before and during sexual events that could lead to increased condom use, avoidance or delay of a risky sexual event (such as when the men discussed not getting so high or drunk they might end up in a situation in which they do not use a condom), or reduction of their risk pool (i.e., reducing the number or type of partners likely to have HIV through screening and pre-selection). Although condom use (and PrEP) may be the ultimate prevention goal, most men in the study admittedly do not use condoms consistently and most were not amenable to PrEP. The findings suggest there may be additional strategies that can contribute to risk reduction.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_106,"When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically.","The results of this second group of studies indicate that goals without KR are not sufficient to improve performance (2 = 4), but given goals, KR is sufficient to effect performance improvement (1 > 2).","Setting and meeting larger goals is no different. When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically. They recognize when they're procrastinating.","In terms of number of errors, however, the control group's performance was significantly better than that of the goals-only group (4 > 2), suggesting that goals without KR may even inhibit accurate performance. The results of this second group of studies indicate that goals without KR are not sufficient to improve performance (2 = 4), but given goals, KR is sufficient to effect performance improvement (1 > 2). Thus, KR seems necessary for goals to affect performance.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_107,"These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV.",Some participants expressed a similar sentiment about avoiding people who inject and those who use non-injectable drugs because they perceived them to be mostly likely to be HIV-positive.,"These services can range from psychoeducational groups to support groups to social groups that explicitly and intentionally promote their efforts to maintain HIV negativity."" These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV. While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men.","For example, when asked if there were any types of sexual partners he explicitly avoids, one participant said this: ''Mm-hmm. Some participants expressed a similar sentiment about avoiding people who inject and those who use non-injectable drugs because they perceived them to be mostly likely to be HIV-positive. Participants also mentioned avoiding people who use drugs because of personal values about the types of partners they would like to have sex with.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_124,Retaining the highest level of productivity toward achieving your goals in a day is not working longer; it's working smarter with frequent breaks.,"However, participants who set goals based on their daily records significantly decreased food consumption compared with the KR-only group.","Contrary to popular belief, multitasking is actually counterproductive. Retaining the highest level of productivity toward achieving your goals in a day is not working longer; it's working smarter with frequent breaks. The key is to experiment first, and find suitable music that helps you focus.","In a study of overweight clients in a weight clinic, participants who kept daily records of all the food they consumed but did not set goals to reduce food intake did not alter their eating habits and performed no differently than a control group who kept no records and set no specific goals . However, participants who set goals based on their daily records significantly decreased food consumption compared with the KR-only group. Dockstader (Note 3) found no apparent effect of KR alone on the performance of key punch operators, but those provided with KR and a performance standard significantly exceeded their own previous performance and that of the KR-only group.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1080/03054985.2016.1235031,Psychology_easy_130,By looking at five years of data she found that among the 300 schools who participated there was no impact on maths GCSE results.,A similar trend was observed each year.,"/ no comments

Data shows children who didn't take part in the activities, run and funded by various governments, private companies and charities, did just as well in GCSE tests. By looking at five years of data she found that among the 300 schools who participated there was no impact on maths GCSE results. Comparator schools had a slightly lower figure of students doing well at mathematics at first, but results soon caught up with those at schools who were taking part in intervention activities.","Schools with a higher percentage of FSM eligible pupils had a lower percentage of pupils achieving A*-C in maths, and vice versa. A similar trend was observed each year. All of these are indicative of a lower socio-economic status and hence FSM eligibility was used as a disadvantage measure here.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/stem-enrichment-activities-have-no-impact-on-exam-results/
10.1080/03054985.2016.1235031,Psychology_easy_141,"The comparator group had a slightly higher proportion of pupils with free school meals, and the study did not find evidence that STEM interventions improved outcomes for less advantaged students.",A value close to 0 indicates almost all the variance in the variable is explained by other variables.,"Comparator schools had a slightly lower figure of students doing well at mathematics at first, but results soon caught up with those at schools who were taking part in intervention activities. The comparator group had a slightly higher proportion of pupils with free school meals, and the study did not find evidence that STEM interventions improved outcomes for less advantaged students. ""Of course attainment is only one indication of the success of these programmes, but it important because students are more likely to continue to study STEM subjects when they get higher grades.","This value varies from 0 to 1, where a value close to 1 suggests other predictors do not explain the variance in that variable. A value close to 0 indicates almost all the variance in the variable is explained by other variables. For the predictors considered in this analysis all the variables had a tolerance higher than 0.8 (Table 6 ).",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/stem-enrichment-activities-have-no-impact-on-exam-results/
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_164,"They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team).","Participation itself, of course, may entail supportiveness.","High performers and productive people don't do it alone. They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team). If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley.","It may be that supportiveness, as discussed in studies by Latham and Saari (1979b) , Ivancevich (1974, who called it ""reinforcement"") , is more crucial than participation in achieving goal acceptance. Participation itself, of course, may entail supportiveness. Further, it is possible that the motivational effects of participation are not as important in gaining performance improvement as are its cognitive effects.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_165,"When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically.",", in his study of female supervisors, found that performance was related to feedback and goal specificity only for high-need-achievement individuals.","Setting and meeting larger goals is no different. When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically. They recognize when they're procrastinating.","In sum, the evidence to date does not show much promise with respect to job tenure as a moderator. , in his study of female supervisors, found that performance was related to feedback and goal specificity only for high-need-achievement individuals. Participation in goal setting, on the other hand, was related to performance only among low-need-achievement supervisors.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1080/03054985.2016.1235031,Psychology_easy_176,"""Of course attainment is only one indication of the success of these programmes, but it important because students are more likely to continue to study STEM subjects when they get higher grades.",During face-to-face meetings some activity providers claimed to know certain schools which had never enrolled with STEM activity providers but these names could not be disclosed by them due to data protection reasons.,"The comparator group had a slightly higher proportion of pupils with free school meals, and the study did not find evidence that STEM interventions improved outcomes for less advantaged students. ""Of course attainment is only one indication of the success of these programmes, but it important because students are more likely to continue to study STEM subjects when they get higher grades. Good attainment in mathematics is also a pre-requisite for admission to STEM degree courses,"" Dr Banerjee said.","During these five years when the longitudinal intervention was delivered, some schools closed and some new schools were opened. During face-to-face meetings some activity providers claimed to know certain schools which had never enrolled with STEM activity providers but these names could not be disclosed by them due to data protection reasons. These clearly included schools not involved in any STEM enrichment activities.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/stem-enrichment-activities-have-no-impact-on-exam-results/
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Psychology_easy_180,"""The neurotypical children managed to identify a social interaction without social cues, such as interpreting the large triangle nudging the smaller one as a parent's attempt to encourage a child, but the ASD children were unable to make the connection.""","These findings of reduced activation in SFG/MPFC, TPJ, STS, and PCC are consistent with neuroimaging studies of ToM using these same animated stimuli in adults with ASD [ .","""One reason this finding is so interesting is that the 'actors' in the films have no faces, facial expressions or body posture on which to base a judgment of an emotion or attitude,"" said Rajesh Kana, associate professor of psychology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. ""The neurotypical children managed to identify a social interaction without social cues, such as interpreting the large triangle nudging the smaller one as a parent's attempt to encourage a child, but the ASD children were unable to make the connection."" ""By studying children, we were able to show that it is possible to characterize the altered brain circuitry earlier in development, which could lead to designing earlier effective intervention programs that could train children to infer the intentions and thoughts that underlie physical interactions between people,"" Just said.","A separate cluster for TD > ASD was found more ventral in MPFC, although this cluster did not survive multiple comparisons correction. These findings of reduced activation in SFG/MPFC, TPJ, STS, and PCC are consistent with neuroimaging studies of ToM using these same animated stimuli in adults with ASD [ . Additionally, some of the areas of reduced activation in the ASD group for whole-brain analysis overlapped with regions from the HCP map.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_184,"They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team).","In terms of expectancy theory, money rewards endow goal success with a higher valence or value than no money.","High performers and productive people don't do it alone. They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team). If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley.","In other words, offering money may arouse the willingness to expend more effort to attain a given objective than not offering money. In terms of expectancy theory, money rewards endow goal success with a higher valence or value than no money. The whole issue of why goal commitment measures have not been related to performance in goal-setting research will be discussed at length in a later section of this article.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_190,"The four critical timepoints participants identified were (1) looking for sex partners, (2) choosing sex partners, (3) lead up to hookup, and (4) immediately before or during hookup.",Developing a better understanding of behaviors that could be facilitating safer sex practices by men at high risk for HIV could ultimately contribute to innovative harm reduction interventions that are highly relevant to this population.,"While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men. The four critical timepoints participants identified were (1) looking for sex partners, (2) choosing sex partners, (3) lead up to hookup, and (4) immediately before or during hookup. One strategy participants reported using when looking for sexual partners was avoiding bathhouses and social venues that gay men frequent.","They found that PWID who remained both HIV and HCV negative had developed strategies for ''symbiotic goals'' (such as avoiding withdrawal) as well as deliberate strategies that helped them to avoid infection. Developing a better understanding of behaviors that could be facilitating safer sex practices by men at high risk for HIV could ultimately contribute to innovative harm reduction interventions that are highly relevant to this population. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a positive deviance approach to study adaptive strategies among MSM.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_203,"""The scarcity of programs and interventions to support their maintained HIV negativity needs to be addressed as a primary prevention effort.""",I don't need to see your body.,"""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article. ""The scarcity of programs and interventions to support their maintained HIV negativity needs to be addressed as a primary prevention effort."" This underscores the need for community-based organizations and health service providers to constructively engage HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men as part of their comprehensive HIV prevention strategy.","So, it's just not my scene. I don't need to see your body. Spend Time with Diverse Social Networks Another theme that emerged as men described ''looking for sex partners'' was having a diverse social network with regard to race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_212,"If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley.","In a separate manipulation, Bassett also found that shorter time limits led to a faster work pace than longer time limits.","They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team). If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley. Setting and meeting larger goals is no different.","Goal intensity may be related to goal content; for example, a more intense psychological process is needed to set complex goals and to figure out how to attain them than the process needed to set and attain simple goals. In a separate manipulation, Bassett also found that shorter time limits led to a faster work pace than longer time limits. Presumably subjects developed implicit goals based on the amount of work assigned to them.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_224,"In choosing sex partners, some men carefully screened online profiles and avoided potential partners who used drugs.","As germ-a-phobic as I am, like you can cough right now and I would like jump out of my skin.","One strategy participants reported using when looking for sexual partners was avoiding bathhouses and social venues that gay men frequent. In choosing sex partners, some men carefully screened online profiles and avoided potential partners who used drugs. ""This study has made me think critically about what we think of as 'risk' and the role of the HIV prevention community in supporting black MSM,"" said Derek Dangerfield, Ph.D., assistant professor at Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and co-author of the study.","That's like a place for STDs just waiting for you. As germ-a-phobic as I am, like you can cough right now and I would like jump out of my skin. Where these participants discussed avoiding bathhouses to avoid HIV and other STDs, others said they avoid bathhouses for reasons related more to their values and personal preferences than intentional avoidance of STIs.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_228,"These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV.","Even skin, if skin has like some type of rash, just on them, I know something's not right.","These services can range from psychoeducational groups to support groups to social groups that explicitly and intentionally promote their efforts to maintain HIV negativity."" These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV. While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men.","Another said this when asked how he usually finds out a potential partner's HIV status: Even skin, if skin has like some type of rash, just on them, I know something's not right. If a guy or a girl say-we was with this man and they talking about don't use condoms, something's not right.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_242,"It is important to keep in mind that while participants in both studies mentioned an array of strategies for maintaining their HIV-negative status, all are not equally effective.","Spend Time with Diverse Social Networks Another theme that emerged as men described ''looking for sex partners'' was having a diverse social network with regard to race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation.","""Rather than highlighting pathologies of black MSM, I have been excited to continue exploring the resilience and strengths of the community to create a healthier discussion for HIV prevention."" It is important to keep in mind that while participants in both studies mentioned an array of strategies for maintaining their HIV-negative status, all are not equally effective. Additionally, while these strategies might be effective in prevention of HIV acquisition, it might be incorrect to conclude that participants utilize all of them together during every sexual encounter.","I don't need to see your body. Spend Time with Diverse Social Networks Another theme that emerged as men described ''looking for sex partners'' was having a diverse social network with regard to race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation. Having a racially and ethnically diverse social network could lead to more a diverse pool of partners.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_243,"While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men.","That means we're going to have some fun because there's no stress in my head about, okay.","These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV. While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men. The four critical timepoints participants identified were (1) looking for sex partners, (2) choosing sex partners, (3) lead up to hookup, and (4) immediately before or during hookup.","I perform better knowing that there is one thing that I have less to worry about, and so, condom, great. That means we're going to have some fun because there's no stress in my head about, okay. Another said this: ''I'm not going to bring anything out.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_246,"""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article.","But if I do, it would probably just be something like 'G' [GHB] , where it kind of just makes me feel a little bit more like sexual (P010, age 35, GHB, powder cocaine, and heavy alcohol user.)","Consequently, participants did not mention PrEP as part of their strategy to prevent HIV acquisition, as it was not publicly available to them at the time of the study. ""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article. ""The scarcity of programs and interventions to support their maintained HIV negativity needs to be addressed as a primary prevention effort.""","In my life, drugs are just like kind of more social, like going out. But if I do, it would probably just be something like 'G' [GHB] , where it kind of just makes me feel a little bit more like sexual (P010, age 35, GHB, powder cocaine, and heavy alcohol user.) Similarly, another participant, when asked if values play a role in decisions about sex, condoms or drug use, said simply ''no sex with drugs.''",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_248,This concerted effort will help bring us closer to ending the HIV epidemic in this community.,Another said this:,"But it is to useful to illuminate strategies HIV-negative men employ for staying negative, and perhaps longitudinal studies of cohorts of black gay and bisexual men are important to understand changes in sexual practices over a lifetime, as well as whether changes in their risk reduction strategies occur as they age, as they enter long-term relationships, or as new biomedical prevention models become available. It is evident that while engagement of black gay and bisexual men living with HIV is pertinent to winning the fight against the epidemic, especially in light of the undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U) movement, it is also important to engage HIV-negative men in tangible ways to ensure that they stay negative. This concerted effort will help bring us closer to ending the HIV epidemic in this community.","When asked about who they use drugs and drink with, one participant said, ''Yeah, when I usually do certain like harder drugs. Another said this: So it's not something I want, but if, to be honest with you, if my [best friends] asked me to do cocaine again, I would do it in a heartbeat.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Psychology_easy_249,"The shapes, such as a large red triangle and a small blue triangle, moved in ways that could be seen as an interaction between them, such as coaxing or dancing.","Additionally, there were no significant group differences in the modulation of activation while processing GD animations compared to the RD condition.","""Weaker coordination and communication among core brain areas during social thinking tasks in autism provides evidence for how different brain areas in autism struggle to work together as a team."" The shapes, such as a large red triangle and a small blue triangle, moved in ways that could be seen as an interaction between them, such as coaxing or dancing. The team demonstrated that ""seeing"" the interactions was in the mind of the beholder, or to be more specific, in the ToM circuitry of the viewer's brain.","There was no region where the ASD participants showed greater activation relative to the TD participants in this contrast (i.e., there was no evidence of an ASD > TD effect, for the ToM vs. RD contrast). Additionally, there were no significant group differences in the modulation of activation while processing GD animations compared to the RD condition. Functional connectivity analysis revealed a pattern of underconnectivity in the ASD group relative to the TD group in the following way: a two-way (group: TD and ASD) × 3 (condition: ToM, GD, and RD) repeated measures ANOVA was performed to assess overall functional connectivity (by averaging z-scores across all ROIs) and revealed no main effects of group [F(1, 24) = 0.03, p = 0.8] or condition [F(2, 48) = 0.65, p = 0.53]; however, the group × condition interaction was significant [F(2, 48) = 3.43, p = 0.04].",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_253,"Consequently, participants did not mention PrEP as part of their strategy to prevent HIV acquisition, as it was not publicly available to them at the time of the study.",So it's only with those people.,"The study noted the need to provide safe social spaces for black gay and bisexual men to engage around HIV prevention and the need to incorporate HIV prevention messages into religious/spiritual contexts. Consequently, participants did not mention PrEP as part of their strategy to prevent HIV acquisition, as it was not publicly available to them at the time of the study. ""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article.","So it's not something I want, but if, to be honest with you, if my [best friends] asked me to do cocaine again, I would do it in a heartbeat. So it's only with those people. It's a people kinda thing.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_272,"""First, more funding needs to be available to support research that is strengths-based.","Almost half of the men in the sample had at least some college, most (83%) rented or owned their own home, and slightly more than half had an income of 20,000 or less.","Dacus provides some insight into what intentional engagement of these men might look like: ""Strengths-based approaches to HIV prevention will necessitate both consideration and inclusion of prevention research, policy, practices, programming, and interventions for black gay and bisexual men,"" he said. ""First, more funding needs to be available to support research that is strengths-based. What this will entail is for policymakers to recognize the gap in our research knowledge about how and why black gay and bisexual men are able to remain HIV negative in the face of such alarming seroprevalence.""","However, even for men who reported that they were currently in committed relationships, the activities they described during the interview primarily were during first-time meetings and sexual encounters with sexual partners. Almost half of the men in the sample had at least some college, most (83%) rented or owned their own home, and slightly more than half had an income of 20,000 or less. Two thirds of the men of the men identified with being gay (See Table 1 ).",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_276,"These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV.","When asked if there are some partners he avoids having sex with, one participant stated his preference this way:","These services can range from psychoeducational groups to support groups to social groups that explicitly and intentionally promote their efforts to maintain HIV negativity."" These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV. While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men.","Among these men, this avoidance behavior seemed to be due more to homophobia or homonegativity and stereotyping than due to perceptions of higher HIV prevalence in this group. When asked if there are some partners he avoids having sex with, one participant stated his preference this way: I don't really like that… Like they can be gay, but don't…Very outwardly flamboyant.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x,Psychology_easy_282,"""Weaker coordination and communication among core brain areas during social thinking tasks in autism provides evidence for how different brain areas in autism struggle to work together as a team.""",This is similar to the reduced connectivity between medial and cerebellar regions found in our study.,"""Reduced brain activity in ToM-related brain regions and reduced connectivity among these regions in children with autism suggest how deficits in the neurobiological mechanisms can lead to difficulties in cognitive and behavioral functioning, such as theory of mind,"" said Marcel Just, the D.O. ""Weaker coordination and communication among core brain areas during social thinking tasks in autism provides evidence for how different brain areas in autism struggle to work together as a team."" The shapes, such as a large red triangle and a small blue triangle, moved in ways that could be seen as an interaction between them, such as coaxing or dancing.","Mostofsky and colleagues found weaker functional connectivity between the cerebellum and motor areas during motor task performance, while Khan and colleagues found weaker functional connectivity between cerebellum and areas associated with higher cognitive functioning (prefrontal, parietal, and temporal) in ASD compared to TD participants. This is similar to the reduced connectivity between medial and cerebellar regions found in our study. The reduced cerebellar activation and connectivity in the ASD participants might underscore the role of the cerebellum in social cognition and suggest a deficit in how the cerebellum is recruited in social processing in ASD.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/1YwhcfTArLI/
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_283,They recognize when they're procrastinating.,", for example, found that individual money incentives increased worker performance by a median of 30%.","When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically. They recognize when they're procrastinating. It's important to figure out the reasons for your procrastination.","Not only should specific, hard goals be established, but KR should be provided to show performance in relation to these goals. , for example, found that individual money incentives increased worker performance by a median of 30%. argued that goal setting may be one mechanism by which money affects task performance.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_290,"""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article.","In that study, condom use was more likely among those who decided ahead of time to use a condom, but less likely, regardless of advanced planning about whether to use a condom, when hard drugs were used prior to sex .","Consequently, participants did not mention PrEP as part of their strategy to prevent HIV acquisition, as it was not publicly available to them at the time of the study. ""One takeaway is that HIV-negative black MSM want to be better attended to by public health HIV prevention, beyond counseling and testing,"" said Jagadisa-devasri Dacus, Ph.D., LMSW, who conducted the study and is the lead author of the article. ""The scarcity of programs and interventions to support their maintained HIV negativity needs to be addressed as a primary prevention effort.""","It was not clear from our interviews whether the men have strategies for remembering to carry condoms, but advance planning could determine whether or not a condom is used during the sexual event. In that study, condom use was more likely among those who decided ahead of time to use a condom, but less likely, regardless of advanced planning about whether to use a condom, when hard drugs were used prior to sex . Of note, in some cases planning behaviors around drinking and drug use among men in this study seemed to be a conscious effort to avoid factors that could interfere with condom use, while in other cases the behaviors seem to be more a desire to avoid social danger associated with losing control.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_292,"The four critical timepoints participants identified were (1) looking for sex partners, (2) choosing sex partners, (3) lead up to hookup, and (4) immediately before or during hookup.","As one participant noted,","While these are wildly important, more programming is needed to help sustain, support, and supplement the individual efforts of HIV-negative black gay and bisexual men. The four critical timepoints participants identified were (1) looking for sex partners, (2) choosing sex partners, (3) lead up to hookup, and (4) immediately before or during hookup. One strategy participants reported using when looking for sexual partners was avoiding bathhouses and social venues that gay men frequent.","Nine of 29 (31%) participants explicitly mentioned having a diverse social network that includes men and women of differing racial/ ethnic backgrounds and sexual orientations. As one participant noted, Important to note is that participants distinctly mentioned avoiding three types of sexual partners: people they believed were HIV-positive or who disclosed their HIVpositive status; users of injection drugs or heavy users of non-injection drugs; and men that participants described as ''flamboyant'' or ''feminine.''",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_295,"They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team).",Two types of studies are evident in Table 1 .,"High performers and productive people don't do it alone. They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team). If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley.","Figure 1 illustrates the conditions of interest. Two types of studies are evident in Table 1 . Consistent with mediating hypothesis, these studies indicate that although KR alone is not sufficient to improve performance (3 = /Vo(e. KR = knowledge of results.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_298,They recognize when they're procrastinating.,The potential cognitive benefits of participation are discussed in some detail in and were implied in the Latham and Saari (1979b) study.,"When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically. They recognize when they're procrastinating. It's important to figure out the reasons for your procrastination.","found that the single most successful field experiment on participation to date stressed the cognitive benefits; participation was used to get good ideas from workers as to how to improve performance efficiency . The potential cognitive benefits of participation are discussed in some detail in and were implied in the Latham and Saari (1979b) study. In contrast, perceived goal clarity and goal feedback were significantly related to performance only for less educated technicians (fewer than 12 years of education).",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_302,High performers and productive people don't do it alone.,"In other words, offering money may arouse the willingness to expend more effort to attain a given objective than not offering money.","High performers and productive people don't do it alone. They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team). If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley.","However, in the laboratory studies by and , incentive pay did not lead to more specific goal setting than hourly pay. In other words, offering money may arouse the willingness to expend more effort to attain a given objective than not offering money. In terms of expectancy theory, money rewards endow goal success with a higher valence or value than no money.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_303,"You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals.",", for example, found that dieting subjects with specific quotas for number of mouthfuls eaten changed their eating patterns (e.g., by eating more low-calorie foods that did not count in their quotas).","Actually, the most successful people are very patient and avoid juggling many things. You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals. The 8 percent of people who nail down their goals are smart enough to work on several smaller chunks to complete a big goal.","Whereas the first three mechanisms are relatively direct in their effects, this last mechanism is indirect. , for example, found that dieting subjects with specific quotas for number of mouthfuls eaten changed their eating patterns (e.g., by eating more low-calorie foods that did not count in their quotas). They also engaged in more planning (e.g., by saving part of their quota for a dinner out).",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_309,"Actually, the most successful people are very patient and avoid juggling many things.",found that word processing operators with high self-esteem who were given performance feedback attained their goals significantly more often than individuals with low self-esteem.,"The key is to experiment first, and find suitable music that helps you focus. Actually, the most successful people are very patient and avoid juggling many things. You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals.","It is likely that different self-perceptions regarding ability underlie the self-assurance measure. found that word processing operators with high self-esteem who were given performance feedback attained their goals significantly more often than individuals with low self-esteem. These results are consistent with those of , who found that shifts in performance following feedback depend on the self-esteem of the individual.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_332,Retaining the highest level of productivity toward achieving your goals in a day is not working longer; it's working smarter with frequent breaks.,The same narrow range of difficulty (very difficult to moderately difficult) may explain the negative results of using a time sheet computation task.,"Contrary to popular belief, multitasking is actually counterproductive. Retaining the highest level of productivity toward achieving your goals in a day is not working longer; it's working smarter with frequent breaks. The key is to experiment first, and find suitable music that helps you focus.","found negative results with a jigsaw puzzle task, although their range of goal difficulty was limited: from medium to hard to very hard (actual probabilities of success were .50, .135, and .026, respectively). The same narrow range of difficulty (very difficult to moderately difficult) may explain the negative results of using a time sheet computation task. However, since no group average even reached the level of the moderate goal, the hard goal may have been totally unrealistic.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_337,Setting and meeting larger goals is no different.,"Overall, productivity for subjects high in need for achievement was not higher than that for subjects low in need for achievement.","If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley. Setting and meeting larger goals is no different. When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically.","Conversely, low need achievers (who are perhaps less confident) perform best when they are allowed to participate in the setting of their goals. Overall, productivity for subjects high in need for achievement was not higher than that for subjects low in need for achievement. However, an interaction occurred between work load and need for achievement.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_349,They recognize when they're procrastinating.,"However, since no group average even reached the level of the moderate goal, the hard goal may have been totally unrealistic.","When you have that much clarity around your goal, your chances of hitting the mark increase dramatically. They recognize when they're procrastinating. It's important to figure out the reasons for your procrastination.","The same narrow range of difficulty (very difficult to moderately difficult) may explain the negative results of using a time sheet computation task. However, since no group average even reached the level of the moderate goal, the hard goal may have been totally unrealistic. In contrast, expectancy theory predicts (other things being equal) a positive relation between expectancy and performance, the opposite of the goal theory prediction.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1007/s10461-017-1790-x,Psychology_easy_353,"These services can range from psychoeducational groups to support groups to social groups that explicitly and intentionally promote their efforts to maintain HIV negativity.""",Fifteen themes emerged from the interviews.,"Third, with the existence of these strengths-based interventions, social services providers can develop a program of services that support black gay and bisexual men's HIV-negativity maintenance. These services can range from psychoeducational groups to support groups to social groups that explicitly and intentionally promote their efforts to maintain HIV negativity."" These suggestions signify a major departure from the strategies HIV service organizations currently employ, the bulk of which include provision of condoms and PrEP, HIV testing and counseling, and engagement and retention in care for individuals living with HIV.",The next step is filtering the partner pool down to a smaller set and screening potential candidates to fit personal preferences. Fifteen themes emerged from the interviews. Table 3 outlines these themes as they fall along the continuum leading to a sexual event.,[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37026366209&p=1pl&v=1&x=wWpDOilFknjWp9n3dWF2aA
10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125,Psychology_easy_394,"Actually, the most successful people are very patient and avoid juggling many things.",There is probably an optimal time span for the setting of goals depending on both the individual and the task situation.,"The key is to experiment first, and find suitable music that helps you focus. Actually, the most successful people are very patient and avoid juggling many things. You end up splitting your focus over many tasks, losing focus, lowering the quality of your work and taking longer to hit your goals.",", however, found that setting weekly goals for weight loss only led to weight loss when daily goals (or multiple goals within days) were set as well. There is probably an optimal time span for the setting of goals depending on both the individual and the task situation. Subgoals could conceivably facilitate performance by operating as a feedback device; they might also serve to maintain effort over long time spans.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34292942335&p=1pl&v=1&x=1-4fWurEDhC1FAJAxOp7eg
10.1177/0305735613517410,Psychology_easy_401,"""We argue that the more beautiful music is, the easier it is for the listener to concentrate on the music,"" the researchers write.","We argue that the more beautiful music is, the easier it is for the listener to concentrate on the music.","In contrast, choosing music ""with the intention of triggering memories"" was actually counterproductive. ""We argue that the more beautiful music is, the easier it is for the listener to concentrate on the music,"" the researchers write. While presumably fitting one's initial mood, the piece ultimately serves as an effective distraction.","As predicted (2c) people most often selected music with a high aesthetic value selection strategy when they aimed for distraction. We argue that the more beautiful music is, the easier it is for the listener to concentrate on the music. Moreover, these findings are in line with findings that stimulus that is perceived to have high aesthetic value will generate sensory pleasure and inhibit displeasure Menon & Levitin, 2005) .",[5],Psychology,val,5.0,news,http://www.salon.com/2014/02/05/study_listening_to_morrissey_can_brighten_your_mood_partner/
10.1038/s41598-019-44667-5,Psychology_easy_414,The findings show that sharing similar amounts of sympathetic arousal was sufficient to increase perceptions of similarity -- a precursor to friendship -- regardless of social context and no matter the arousal levels partners shared.,"That is, sharing similar amounts sympathetic reactivity was sufficient to increase perceptions of similarity regardless of social context and no matter the arousal levels partners shared.","Whether the social or physiological context of synchrony contributed to social outcomes, however, depended on which branch of the autonomic nervous system displayed synchrony. The findings show that sharing similar amounts of sympathetic arousal was sufficient to increase perceptions of similarity -- a precursor to friendship -- regardless of social context and no matter the arousal levels partners shared. One possible explanation for this finding is that patterns of sympathetic arousal may correlate with observable body movements (and by extension a lack of arousal may correlate with a lack of body movement) that might predict perceived similarity if shared among partners.","Sympathetic synchrony predicted perceived similarity between partners and this was true regardless of the social or physiological context. That is, sharing similar amounts sympathetic reactivity was sufficient to increase perceptions of similarity regardless of social context and no matter the arousal levels partners shared. Although this finding runs counter to the expectation that physiological synchrony would be most socially meaningful in the context of physiological reactivity, the finding is supported by prior work demonstrating a link between sympathetic synchrony and affiliation among strangers in similarly benign settings .",[5],Psychology,val,5.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39497726863&p=1pl&v=1&x=1W7juUHw33tNJaq1YLgiJw
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0572,Psychology_easy_417,"There were no significant correlations for total volume of prescribed RET, participant health status, and strength improvements with the antidepressant effect of RET.","Total volume of prescribed RET, participant health status, and strength improvements were not significantly associated with the antidepressant effect of RET.","There was a number needed to treat of four. There were no significant correlations for total volume of prescribed RET, participant health status, and strength improvements with the antidepressant effect of RET. Randomized clinical trials with blinded allocation and/or assessment had smaller reductions in depressive symptoms.","The number needed to treat was 4. Total volume of prescribed RET, participant health status, and strength improvements were not significantly associated with the antidepressant effect of RET. However, smaller reductions in depressive symptoms were derived from randomized clinical trials with blinded allocation and/or assessment.",[5],Psychology,val,5.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34025995804&p=1pl&v=1&x=6ruPf7J31CyYktXcnSlEJQ
10.1073/pnas.1810067115,Psychology_easy_441,"Consistent with predictions, resting-state connectivity within the central executive network emerged as a moderator of adaptation.","Consistent with predictions, resting-state connectivity within the central executive network (CEN) emerged as a moderator of adaptation.","""Like previous studies, we find that youth living in neighborhoods with high levels of violence have worse cardiometabolic health than peers from safer communities,"" said Miller, also a faculty fellow with the University's Institute for Policy Research. Consistent with predictions, resting-state connectivity within the central executive network emerged as a moderator of adaptation. Across six distinct outcomes, a higher neighborhood murder rate was associated with greater cardiometabolic risk, but this relationship was apparent only among youth who displayed lower CEN resting-state connectivity.","Consistent with predictions, resting-state connectivity within the central executive network (CEN) emerged as a moderator of adaptation. Across six distinct outcomes, a higher neighborhood murder rate was associated with greater cardiometabolic risk, but this relationship was apparent only among youth who displayed lower CEN resting-state connectivity. By contrast, there was little evidence of moderation by the anterior salience and default mode networks.",[5],Psychology,val,5.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37826726982&p=1pl&v=1&x=2hQnaLP2bPaFXza9XhvJvA
10.1111/cdev.12758,Psychology_easy_452,"""Such children should be included in work on basic gender development to expand our knowledge of gender developmental experiences and strengthen theories of gender development.""","Therefore, such children should be included in work on basic gender development, as in the current work, in order to both expand our knowledge of gender developmental experiences and strengthen our (widely debated) theories of gender development.","Given the small size of the study sample, the authors caution against generalizing from their results. However, they also note the importance of considering transgender children: ""We are increasingly aware that there are individuals who identify early in development as a gender other than the one aligned with their sex at birth,"" notes Kristina R. Olson, associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington, the study's senior author. ""Such children should be included in work on basic gender development to expand our knowledge of gender developmental experiences and strengthen theories of gender development.""","Conducting many statistical tests increased the possibility of Type I errors, making replication especially important. Therefore, such children should be included in work on basic gender development, as in the current work, in order to both expand our knowledge of gender developmental experiences and strengthen our (widely debated) theories of gender development. In that way, as psychologists, we can lead not only the field, but also broader societal culture, in understanding that gender and sex identities are much broader than have traditionally been studied.",[5],Psychology,val,5.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/study-of-transgender-preschoolers-assesses-preferences-and-identity/
10.1177/1044207315585823,Psychology_easy_472,"""Controlling for all other individual characteristics, we find the employment gap between individuals with and without disabilities is smaller among those in their 20s and 60s relative to the middle aged, Asians relative to Whites, Hispanics relative to non-Hispanics, married individuals, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment, and women,"" the authors wrote.","Controlling for all other individual characteristics, we find the employment gap between individuals with and without disabilities is smaller among those in their 20s and 60s relative to the middle aged, Asians relative to Whites, Hispanics relative to non-Hispanics, married individuals, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment, and women.","And though the overall employment gap remained large, there were subtle differences found. ""Controlling for all other individual characteristics, we find the employment gap between individuals with and without disabilities is smaller among those in their 20s and 60s relative to the middle aged, Asians relative to Whites, Hispanics relative to non-Hispanics, married individuals, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment, and women,"" the authors wrote. While many of these factors could be considered immutable, the researchers were encouraged by the fact that educational status seemed to have the largest impact on job attainment.","We find that 585823D PSXXX10.1177/1044207315585823Journal of Disability Policy StudiesSevak et al. Controlling for all other individual characteristics, we find the employment gap between individuals with and without disabilities is smaller among those in their 20s and 60s relative to the middle aged, Asians relative to Whites, Hispanics relative to non-Hispanics, married individuals, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment, and women. Overall, results suggest that policies and practices designed to improve employment outcomes among people with disabilities should consider how individual characteristics interact with disability as challenges to or facilitators of employment success.",[5],Psychology,val,5.0,news,http://www.medicaldaily.com/people-disability-struggle-find-employment-especially-if-theyre-single-male-or-less-345746
10.1016/j.jesp.2010.08.017,Psychology_easy_481,"""Even when participants respond correctly, they typically shoot an armed target more quickly when he is black, but in response to an unarmed target, they indicate don't-shoot more quickly when he is white.","Second, even when participants respond correctly, they typically shoot an armed target more quickly when he is Black, but in response to an unarmed target, they indicate don't shoot more quickly when he is White.","The study found participants ""typically shoot black targets, armed and unarmed, more frequently than white targets,"" according to the researchers. ""Even when participants respond correctly, they typically shoot an armed target more quickly when he is black, but in response to an unarmed target, they indicate don't-shoot more quickly when he is white. The message in the stilted academic language of the studies is clear -- and helps explain the recent shooting of 12-year-old Tamir Rice in Cleveland, along with countless others.","First, participants typically shoot Black targets, armed and unarmed, more frequently than White targets. Second, even when participants respond correctly, they typically shoot an armed target more quickly when he is Black, but in response to an unarmed target, they indicate don't shoot more quickly when he is White. We argue that participants quickly categorize targets according to race and activate related stereotypes, including the concept of danger .",[5],Psychology,val,5.0,news,http://www.ibtimes.com/its-not-gun-its-iphone-black-deaths-hands-police-spark-good-guys-guns-fear-1750047
10.1111/cdev.12197,Psychology_easy_492,"""But it was remarkable that even the youngest children showed at least some understanding of multi-digit numbers.""",task and the opposite was true for the Which is more?,"""There was a significant improvement in interpreting place value from age three to seven,"" said Mix in a news release. ""But it was remarkable that even the youngest children showed at least some understanding of multi-digit numbers."" The researchers believe that it's very possible that the young children could understand the numbers due to the fact that in today's society, they're bombarded with multi-digit numbers--from phone numbers to street addresses to price tags.","At pretest, children in both groups performed significantly above chance on the numerals items, but not on blocks or dots, on the Which is x? task and the opposite was true for the Which is more? Both groups performed significantly above chance on average following training:",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/11741/20131223/young-children-understand-large-numbers-far-earlier-expected.htm
10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.02.013,Psychology_easy_493,"If you're looking to keep information in your brain after you learn about it, try exercising a few hours after you learn something new.","The source of the interaction was that the control condition first group performed significantly worse in week one than in the second week when they consumed high CF chocolate (79.8% versus 87.4%, t(14) = 2.21, p < 0.05)).","This detail is key, according to Dr. Pereira. If you're looking to keep information in your brain after you learn about it, try exercising a few hours after you learn something new. Those workout endorphins are apparently great for more than just improving your mood.","The two treatment order groups performed similarly in the high CF condition (86.9% high CF first versus 87.4% control first), and the high CF first group maintained this performance level in the second week when they consumed white chocolate (87.2%). The source of the interaction was that the control condition first group performed significantly worse in week one than in the second week when they consumed high CF chocolate (79.8% versus 87.4%, t(14) = 2.21, p < 0.05)). In the high CF condition the median of the inter-participant rtm distribution during the predictable phase of the task was faster by 40 msec than in the low CF condition (517 versus 557 msec), which was a significant difference, (z = -2.33, p < 0.01).",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34715402229&p=1pl&v=1&x=vMRZ7Th1r49uH6qFej07ig
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.12.004,Psychology_easy_495,"Clitoral Orgasms Vary In Their Number Of Contractions

If youave ever experienced an orgasm, then youave experienced the involuntary contractions of your uterus and vagina clenching and releasing.","(Landis, Landis, & Bowles, 1940, p.248 ).","Forever might be a good compromise. Clitoral Orgasms Vary In Their Number Of Contractions

If youave ever experienced an orgasm, then youave experienced the involuntary contractions of your uterus and vagina clenching and releasing. Those contractions are proof of an orgasm.","This interview was more than 20 pages long and encompassed much more than questions about sexual activity. (Landis, Landis, & Bowles, 1940, p.248 ). Thus there was no information about CUMD when the orgasm data were coded.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39963778545&p=1pl&v=1&x=SNAklWQucSAWzhd20596SA
10.1098/rspb.2014.1137,Psychology_easy_496,With more objects we start to make mistakes.,"For luminance, and for vernier acuity based on the light distribution, the Weber fraction is approximately 2% .","This error in number sensing grows in proportion to the number of objects. With more objects we start to make mistakes. With five objects your sense is off by one, with 50 objects, it is off by ten.""","We suggest that further computational investigations are more important than semantic issues. For luminance, and for vernier acuity based on the light distribution, the Weber fraction is approximately 2% . For size, distance and area of regular shape, it is 5-10% .",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/804290-humans-beat-computers-at-sensing-numbers-without-counting-for-now/
10.1007/s00221-016-4772-8,Psychology_easy_503,"For pilots, air traffic controllers, drivers, etc., attention, the ability to deal with large sets of data, and reaction time are all very important.",There were no significant main effects of .,"The results of this study could challenge the education system and human resources management in certain areas. For pilots, air traffic controllers, drivers, etc., attention, the ability to deal with large sets of data, and reaction time are all very important. During emergencies, these features could play a vital role.","However, those with increasing morningness exhibited longer RT and made more errors, on incongruent trials at time 2 relative to those with increasing eveningness. There were no significant main effects of . These networks are subserved by distinct neurobiological pathways , which are likely differentially affected by sleep and extended periods of sustained wakefulness such as following sleep deprivation.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://healthmedicinet.com/news/hse-researchers-uncover-why-morning-people-should-not-work-at-night/
10.1073/pnas.1310442111,Psychology_easy_504,"That notion was contrary to classic Greek physics, which held that heavier objects fall faster.","However, this explanation seemed unlikely because such nonlinearity would cause pronounced differences in the strength of ON and OFF visual responses throughout the visual pathway.","This finding, in turn, would earn him the attention of the Inquisition, which investigated religious rebellion and heresy in the world of 16th-century Italy. That notion was contrary to classic Greek physics, which held that heavier objects fall faster. What was notable about the experiment was precisely that it was an experiment.","Therefore, the measurements with rectified sinusoidal gratings suggest that the ON visual channel can respond to higher-frequency gratings than the OFF visual channel, just the contrary of what we concluded from measurements of receptive field size (Fig. However, this explanation seemed unlikely because such nonlinearity would cause pronounced differences in the strength of ON and OFF visual responses throughout the visual pathway. To our surprise, OFF visual responses increased their strength roughly linearly with luminance contrast, independently of the background luminance, in both LGN and cortex ( Fig.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140215-galileo-450-birthday-appreciation-science-history/
10.1038/s41598-019-43944-7,Psychology_easy_507,"advertisement

When participants were split into groups based on pressure-point sensitivity -- high and low acuity -- there was a significant relationship between chocolate-texture discrimination and pressure-point sensitivity for the high-acuity group on the center tongue.","In contrast to the detection threshold data, substantially more variability was observed in discrimination threshold estimates across individuals.","""This work may help them figure out when it is good enough without going overboard."" advertisement

When participants were split into groups based on pressure-point sensitivity -- high and low acuity -- there was a significant relationship between chocolate-texture discrimination and pressure-point sensitivity for the high-acuity group on the center tongue. However, a similar relationship was not seen for data from the lateral edge of the tongue.","However, those studies did not directly assess potential relationships between pressure point sensitivity and FP density, and we did not collect data on FP density here, so additional work is needed to explore possible relationships between papillae density and oral somatosensory function. In contrast to the detection threshold data, substantially more variability was observed in discrimination threshold estimates across individuals. We did not find evidence of any significant differences in terms of discrimination ability across loci; however, discrimination threshold estimates did seem to show the same pattern as the detection thresholds, with the tongue tip having slightly lower threshold estimates.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39454593563&p=1pl&v=1&x=LAQ5FFTgA5l23VF6IsSxrQ
10.1038/npp.2011.257,Psychology_easy_509,"Time will tell if it [stands up],"" says Willour.","All individuals included were Caucasian, 85.1% were of German origin, and the remaining patients were of European descent (Central Europe, 6.5%; Eastern Europe, 7.8%; and Mediterranean, 0.6%).","They say more data is needed. ""It's a striking finding, but as always, when you look at complex genetics, you need replication. Time will tell if it [stands up],"" says Willour.","Further candidate gene approaches revealed associations of markers within FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study and in FKBP5 and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1 (ABCB1) in a sample of depressed outpatients . All individuals included were Caucasian, 85.1% were of German origin, and the remaining patients were of European descent (Central Europe, 6.5%; Eastern Europe, 7.8%; and Mediterranean, 0.6%). The non-TESI comparison groups were (1) all individuals without increase in suicidality independent of baseline suicidality (no increase of the HAM-D item 3 over time; n ¼ 329)Fbroader non-TESI group and (2) a subgroup of patients rating zero on item 3 throughout treatment (item 3 of the HAM-D ¼ 0 at all visits; n ¼ 79)Fnarrow non-TESI group.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://www.technologyreview.com/news/530121/could-a-genetic-test-predict-the-risk-for-suicide/
10.1073/pnas.1700811114,Psychology_easy_512,"""Proving something does not exist,"" they added, ""is pretty much impossible.""","Moreover, humans have shorter interbirth intervals than our closest primate relatives, producing an even greater number of less-capable children (1) .","Leaving room for the fantastical can help keep our sense of wonder alive. And in this case, thankfully, Gemmel left a little room for truthers like me: ""There remains the possibility that there is something present that we did not detect because we sampled in the wrong places at the wrong time,"" the researchers wrote on their website, ""or our metabarcoding method could not detect 'Nessie' because the sequence could not be matched with anything in the sequence databases."" ""Proving something does not exist,"" they added, ""is pretty much impossible.""","Compared with our closest primate relatives, we have a dramatically extended childhood, including an exceptionally long middle childhood and adolescence. Moreover, humans have shorter interbirth intervals than our closest primate relatives, producing an even greater number of less-capable children (1) . There is evidence for other human adaptations that helped cope with this flood of needy young.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40136264369&p=1pl&v=1&x=OXFRaEFA-qoRMkazBi9jJw
10.1007/s10071-017-1119-1,Psychology_easy_514,A bad experiment would be to put all the tomato pots in a dark corner and all the sunflower pots near a sunlit window.,"2007, p 717) .","If you want to know whether sunflowers or tomato plants grow faster in a classroom, therefore, you have to give them equal amounts of sunlight. A bad experiment would be to put all the tomato pots in a dark corner and all the sunflower pots near a sunlit window. You can't answer the question because the tomato and sunflower plants were treated differently in the amount of sunlight they got.","That is, they do not point declaratively to simply share interest and attention in something with another individual, and they do not point informatively to inform others of things they want or need to know (Tomasello et al. 2007, p 717) . Thus, in this strong version of the mental causality model, the alleged absence of declarative-expressive and declarative-informative gestures in great apes entails that apes lack these putative cognitive states, and the presence of declarative-expressive and declarative-informative gestures in our species entails that humans possess these mental states.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39709910520&p=1pl&v=1&x=rm8BKitzAQMXH8RgX84DlQ
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02029.x,Psychology_easy_520,It's just as powerful when we read our own words about how incredibly well Marta led the meeting with the CFO back in February.,"There were no main effects of face ethnicity or face orientation, nor were there any interactions.","It's amazing how we read our journals and remember things we forgot we did or how we felt at a moment in time. It's just as powerful when we read our own words about how incredibly well Marta led the meeting with the CFO back in February. By taking this approach, when the annual review rolls around, you have a year's worth of evaluations to refer to, rather than defaulting to the latest news.","Post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) tests revealed that the habituation times of 6-and 9-month-old infants did not differ significantly, but both 6-month-old (M 5 42.67 s) and 9-monthold (M 5 38.88 s) infants habituated significantly more quickly (p < .0001) than 3-month-old-infants (M 5 70.74 s). There were no main effects of face ethnicity or face orientation, nor were there any interactions. Again, a preliminary analysis yielded no significant gender differences for stimuli or participants, so data were collapsed across stimulus gender and participant's gender in subsequent analyses.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34352552147&p=1pl&v=1&x=_0qcsEcT8chlGsFMjuithg
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01409.x,Psychology_easy_526,"Although he was barely visible, Jordan could make out a red mark over one of his eyebrows.",We encourage future researchers to similarly employ parallel methods when analyzing complex and nested datasets.,"Almost immediately, something felt off. Although he was barely visible, Jordan could make out a red mark over one of his eyebrows. ""She just kept getting more and more animated,"" Jordan recalls.","The overwhelming consistency of the results across the two sets of models added to our confidence in the robustness of our findings. We encourage future researchers to similarly employ parallel methods when analyzing complex and nested datasets. Although the associations of discipline with child behavior were almost entirely consistent across cultures when indexed as countries, we did find some evidence that more proximal measures of culture, namely, children's beliefs about the normativeness of discipline within their local communities, did dampen the associations of three forms of discipline with child behavior.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39714738989&p=1pl&v=1&x=wiugnjZvHCoOIu3Hup6yLg
10.1111/jomf.12092,Psychology_easy_544,"Not only that, but Kuperberger's research countered the commonly held belief that moving in together before wedlock was ""bad"" for a relationship.","Sample sizes were as follows: 1995 survey, n = 2,537; 2002 survey, n = 1,869; 2006-2010 survey, n = 2,631.","That's a 50% reduction in divorce, thanks to just waiting five more years. Not only that, but Kuperberger's research countered the commonly held belief that moving in together before wedlock was ""bad"" for a relationship. ""What I found was that it was the age you settled down with someone, not whether you had a marriage license, that was the biggest indicator of a relationship's future success.""","The length of premarital cohabitation also grew 15-44 in 1995, 2002, and 2006-2010 Note: The sample was restricted to women who married before age 35 and married within 10 years of the survey. Sample sizes were as follows: 1995 survey, n = 2,537; 2002 survey, n = 1,869; 2006-2010 survey, n = 2,631. * p < .05.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://www.businessinsider.com/age-living-together-marriage-divorce-2015-2
10.1080/02640414.2016.1189588,Psychology_easy_557,"Voetballer kan beter in januari geboren zijn

Succesvol kun je uiteraard ook buiten school zijn.",If this were to be the case then a significant reduction in selection bias would have been expected for the date-of-birth group who did have access to the birthdates of the players.,"Of kinderen die relatief jong zijn op de basisschool later bijvoorbeeld ook minder vaak naar de universiteit gaan of minder verdienen, daar is in Nederland - voor zover bekend - geen onderzoek naar gedaan. Voetballer kan beter in januari geboren zijn

Succesvol kun je uiteraard ook buiten school zijn. Hoe groot de invloed van de geboortemaand is, hangt waarschijnlijk af van het schoolsysteem.","It seemed reasonable to presume that talent scouts would take into account the birthdates of players when making selections (e.g., . If this were to be the case then a significant reduction in selection bias would have been expected for the date-of-birth group who did have access to the birthdates of the players. The clear outcome from our study though was that knowledge of the birthdates did not alter the magnitude of the selection bias: the significant bias found for the scouts in the no-age group remained unchanged for the date-ofbirth group.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38281823109&p=1pl&v=1&x=3V2vgsx0DBciYlsqnpdwyg
10.1177/0001839214563975,Psychology_easy_570,"Flickr/Infusionsoft To facilitate creativity in a group brainstorming session, it seems like you'd want people to say whatever comes to their mind, with as little filtering as possible.","Finally, when both the independent variable and uncertainty (mediator) were entered into the equation simultaneously, the independent variable was not significant (b = − .16, n.s.","Thinking about political correctness could be one way to stimulate creativity in mixed-sex teams. Flickr/Infusionsoft To facilitate creativity in a group brainstorming session, it seems like you'd want people to say whatever comes to their mind, with as little filtering as possible. The study, led by Cornell University's Jack Goncalo, Ph.D., found that mixed-gender groups that thought about political correctness generated more original ideas than other similar teams.","Third, the videotaped measure of uncertainty (mediator) was negatively related to the number of ideas generated (dependent variable), b = − .32, p < .01. Finally, when both the independent variable and uncertainty (mediator) were entered into the equation simultaneously, the independent variable was not significant (b = − .16, n.s. ), and uncertainty remained significant (b = − .27, p < .05).",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://www.businessinsider.com/a-counterintuitive-strategy-for-doing-better-work-in-groups-2015-6
10.1038/s41598-017-02274-2,Psychology_easy_599,"After all the years of development, though, the Doppel is finally ready for a wide launch -- it'll be available on the company's website today for $219.",Participants in the doppel active condition displayed lower increases in skin conductance responses relative to baseline and reported lower anxiety levels compared to the control group.,"The touch capabilities were definitely hit-or-miss, and Doppel's head of marketing Georgina Orso admitted it wasn't perfect -- but she also said they were pushing software updates out to improve the device over time, touch sensitivity included. After all the years of development, though, the Doppel is finally ready for a wide launch -- it'll be available on the company's website today for $219. That's not an insignificant investment for a single-use device, but if you're the kind of person who needs help calming down it might be worth a shot.","Vickhoff and colleagues 6 monitored the heart rates of singers and found that as the members sang in unison, their pulses began to speed up and slow down at the same rate. Participants in the doppel active condition displayed lower increases in skin conductance responses relative to baseline and reported lower anxiety levels compared to the control group. Therefore, the presence, as opposed to its absence, of a slow rhythm, which in the present study was instantiated as an auxiliary slow heartbeat delivered through doppel, had a significant calming effect on physiological arousal and subjective experience during a socially stressful situation.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38198293356&p=1pl&v=1&x=oW4PgHrkl3y_UdIhI9qQ3A
10.1186/s12888-018-1693-z,Psychology_easy_606,Our best investments are not being made.,"For example, randomised controlled trials could combine structured risk assessment with other aspects of care, such as comprehensive follow-up planning or building therapeutic alliance.","We understand how disturbing death by suicide can be for the survivors: the family members and friends and even the loss to the greater society. But if we want to do something clinically effective as well as capitalize on financial and human resources, we need to be more strategic. Our best investments are not being made.","Given that scales continue to be widely used by clinicians, future studies could consider if they could be combined with other approaches to increase their effectiveness. For example, randomised controlled trials could combine structured risk assessment with other aspects of care, such as comprehensive follow-up planning or building therapeutic alliance. Further studies of this kind could help to determine aspects of risk scales that might be useful in the management of self-harm.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37390805263&p=1pl&v=1&x=HqU7c-_NzVUNfJ_oTV9xMw
10.1007/s10869-013-9333-6,Psychology_easy_609,"He hinted at the demand for a new, so-called ""scrubbing"" service in which objectionable material is removed from clients' presence on the Internet.","A 2 x 2 chi-square test of independence revealed no significant differences in response rates by group, χ 2 (1, N = 502) = 2.71, p > 0.05.","Stoughton advises applicants to reconsider using their Facebook pages as private forums for casual discussion with their friends, and to adopt a much more guarded tone. He hinted at the demand for a new, so-called ""scrubbing"" service in which objectionable material is removed from clients' presence on the Internet. This might be especially valuable for people applying for sensitive positions, such as jobs requiring a security clearance.","This response rate is consistent with what is commonly found in organizational research . A 2 x 2 chi-square test of independence revealed no significant differences in response rates by group, χ 2 (1, N = 502) = 2.71, p > 0.05. Though the intent of the original items was maintained, modifications were required to fit the context of the present study.",[1],Psychology,val,1.0,news,http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20131220-social-network-spying-may-backfire-lead-to-low-returns