copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-07): Bunguran Island (Indonesian: Pulau Bunguran) or just Bunguran is the main island of the Middle Natuna Archipelago, which is part of the Riau Islands Province in Indonesia. It is also called Great Natuna Island (Pulau Natuna Besar). [...] There is a large mosque in the north-east corner of the island. The Grand Mosque of Natuna was built over two years from 2007 to 2009.[5] [...] References [edit]- ^ a b c d e "Natuna Besar". Retrieved 7 August 2024.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-02): Yesterday, Reuters published an interesting report on the recent months-long standoff between Indonesia and China over an oil rig planted in a maritime region claimed by both countries. According to the report, which cited four sources familiar with the matter, China told the Indonesian government to stop drilling for oil and natural gas near Indonesia’s Natuna islands on the grounds that the region was "Chinese territory." [...] China and Indonesia have a recent history of friction around the Natunas, where Indonesia’s 200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone, a concept set out in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), overlaps with the southernmost reaches of China’s expansive "nine-dash line" maritime claim. The past five years have seen frequent incursions of Chinese fishing and maritime militia vessels into Indonesia’s EEZ. In response to the Chinese incursions, the Indonesian government has bolstered its military presence on Natuna Besar, the largest island in the area, and held military exercises in the surrounding waters. It has also beefed up armed maritime force, known as Bakamla, in order to deter foreign fishing vessels from entering its EEZ.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-11-27): Indonesian Minister of Foreign Affairs Retno Marsudi asserted no country ever claimed Natuna Islands. In fact, she added, China has declared Natuna Islands belongs to Indonesia. [...] According to the Foreign Minister, Indonesias ownership on Natuna Islands was already registered at the United Nations (UN) and all parties, including China, never raised an objection.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-11-25): South China Sea: Indonesia pledges to develop resource-rich Natuna Islands to secure maritime borders, boost unity - Indonesia sees developing the 27 islands as crucial to protecting its maritime borders in an area frequently visited by foreign vessels from China and Vietnam - Jakarta has sent two ministers to the islands to reassure their 81,000 residents and other Indonesian citizens that it is taking the matter seriously, despite a lack of action on the diplomatic front [...] Indonesia is to boost development in the resource-rich Natuna Islands in a bid to underline its sovereignty following visits by Chinese vessels to nearby waters. [...] Indonesia views itself as a non-claimant state in the South China Sea territorial disputes and the Natuna Islands themselves lie beyond the nine-dash line Beijing uses to claim more than 90 per cent of the sea. However, some of the waters to the north and northeast of the islands – in an area of Indonesia’s EEZ that Jakarta refers to as the North Natuna Sea – do fall within Beijing’s nine-dash line and are frequently visited by foreign vessels from both China and Vietnam.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-14): South China Sea: what does Beijing want in Indonesia’s Natuna Islands? [...] Beijing should tread carefully when it comes to the Natuna Islands, a region belonging to Indonesia that borders the disputed South China Sea, a global trade route rich in fishing stocks and energy reserves. [...] The fish-rich waters of the Natunas, which lie north of Kalimantan (as the Indonesian portion of Borneo island is known), are increasingly a source of tension in Indonesia’s relationship with China, which is otherwise largely positive.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-09): INDONESIA CLAIMS THAT it does not border on China, but the PRC argues that the Wo countries overlap in the southwestern corner of the SCS where the Natuna Island Group (called Pulau Sekatung in Indonesia) is located. The maritime territory under dispute could be as great as 28,500 nm2 (98,000 km2). While Indonesia has repeatedly rejected all Chinese invitations to engage in bilateral negotiations, a series of incidents regarding illegal Chinese fishing activities in the Natuna Sea may force Indonesia and China to open talks. The Natuna islands are an archipelago of more than 200 islands located in Riau province about 800 miles north of Jakarta. It is unclear whether Indonesia actually shares a boundary with China. Indonesia officially recognizes ten neighbors, but not China. Indonesia shares land boundaries with three neighbors - Malaysia in Borneo, Timor-Leste in Timor Island, and Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea - and has seven maritime neighbors: from west to east they are India, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Palau, and Australia. [...] Indonesia has more island borders than almost any other country. For this reason, it was closely involved with the drafting of the UNCLOS convention in 1982 so that it would include the concept of an archipelagic state. Indonesia signed the Convention in 1985 and ratified it in 1986. Indonesia's maritime claims extend from baselines defined around the Natuna islands northward to the SCS. Jakarta has concluded maritime boundary agreements with Malaysia and Vietnam in the same areas that are potentially being claimed by China. To date, Indonesia has rejected all Chinese overtures to engage in bilateral negotiations.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): The Natuna Regency, also known as the Natuna Islands, is a collection of about 154 islands in Indonesia’s Riau Islands province, 27 of which are inhabited. The islands fall between the Malaysian Peninsula to the west and Borneo to the east. [...] The Natuna Islands are at the forefront of territorial disputes between Indonesia and China – a factor that greatly increases the political risks of investing in the region. Indonesia claims the Natuna Islands as falling within its 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone (EEZ), while China claims the islands under its "nine-dash line" historic rights claim. [...] Territorial disputes surrounding the Natuna Islands do not just occur in political statements. Chinese, Thai, and Vietnamese vessels have been known to fish in the area, in addition to Indonesian ones, which risks provoking a conflict. In 2016, Indonesian law enforcement seized a Chinese vessel accused of fishing illegally in Indonesian territory, but the Indonesian authorities were unable to return the vessel to the Natuna Islands because of interference from the Chinese coast guard.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-12-14): Every sovereign statemust have territory. Either land, sea and air. Likewise with the country of Indonesia, which consists of 2/3 parts of its territory, the ocean. With the sovereign rights in the maritime area, Indonesia has the right to its jurisdiction in the maritime area by continuing to approve international maritime law or territories known as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. The Natuna Islands in Indonesia, which have international legality, are sovereign rights Indonesia. However, this situation has changed due to the presence of foreign vessels, namely Chinese ships that have entered the area several times without permission from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area. This had a major impact on the dispute between Indonesia and China. In this case, China itself claims that the territory it enters is the territory of its country inherited and controlled by its ancestors. As such, they claim the right to their natural resources. In this case, China decides and follows UNCLOS 1982. The method used in this study is normative jurisdiction, which is considered the main rule in disputes between countries. [...] TY - CONF AU - Yoyon Mulyana Darusman AU - Anisa Fauziah AU - Boru Dwi Sumarna PY - 2020 DA - 2020/12/14 TI - The Study of Natuna Island Dispute Between Indonesia and China, Based on UNCLOS 1982 BT - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Law, Government and Social Justice (ICOLGAS 2020) PB - Atlantis Press SP - 386 EP - 394 SN - 2352-5398 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.317 DO - 10.2991/assehr.k.201209.317 ID - Darusman2020 ER -
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-26): The Indonesian Maritime Security Agency said it detected Chinese ship 5204 entering Indonesia’s exclusive economic zone in what Indonesia calls the North Natuna waters on Friday night. [...] Indonesia does not have a territorial claim to the South China Sea, but a section of Indonesia’s exclusive economic zone that includes natural gas fields lies within China’s "nine-dash line." Chinese ships have regularly entered the area Indonesia calls the North Natuna Sea, causing tensions between the countries. [...] Chinese ships also regularly patrol off the island of Borneo and near James Shoal east of the Natuna islands, China’s southernmost territorial claim which Malaysia says belongs to it.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-06-20): The incident happened on Friday near the Natuna islands, off the coast of Borneo in the South China Sea. [...] China accepts the Natuna islands and the seas around them belong to Indonesia, but the two sides have confronted one another there before, typically over illegal fishing. [...] In March, Indonesia lodged an official protest after an Indonesian patrol ship tried to detain a Chinese fishing boat in the Natuna Sea, but was prevented from doing so by the Chinese coastguard.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Indonesia [edit]Since early in the South China Sea dispute, Indonesia has repeatedly asserted its position as a non-claimant state in the original South China Sea dispute,[176] and often positioned itself as an "honest broker".[177] However, parts of China's unilaterally claimed nine-dash line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands.[178]: 555 Although China has acknowledged Indonesia's sovereignty over the Natuna islands,[179] the PRC has argued that the waters around the Natuna islands are Chinese "traditional fishing grounds". Indonesia quickly dismissed China's claim, asserting that China's nine-dash line claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis.[180] In November 2015, Indonesia's security chief Luhut Pandjaitan said Indonesia could take China before an international court.[181] Indonesia filed a comment with the Permanent Court of Arbitration regarding China's claim in the arbitration. Indonesia's recent approach to one of the issues has been described in Javanese as being menang tanpa ngasorake which means winning the war without shaming the enemies.[178]: 554
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-04-04): How to connect Beijing’s speculative dashes? The 2013 map is by SinoMaps Press, an arm of the Chinese government (with thanks to Euan Graham for a digital image). Dashes in pink denote Beijing’s claimed "nine-dashed line" (now comprising ten dashes). Superimposed black dashed lines, by the author, show hypothetical ways of connecting the two southernmost dashes in Beijing’s self-proclaimed southern boundary. All three hypotheticals would overlap with Indonesia’s claimed territory around the Natuna Islands, including the reportedly largest gas field in Southeast Asia, called Natuna D Alpha block, recently renamed Natuna East field, which has been the subject of longstanding dealings between the Indonesian government and Exxon Mobil Corporation. Repeated requests to ExxonMobil to clarify the contractual status of the Natuna East field and the potential impact of China’s claims on the territory were not answered. [...] In March of this year Indonesia’s government for the first time acknowledged that China’s unilateral claims on most of the South China Sea include parts of Indonesia’s Riau province, to which Natuna and other islands belong. Indonesia, a nation of 250 million people, may, despite its government’s polite attempts to carve itself out of the South China Sea conflicts, find itself the latest victim of Beijing’s acquisition campaign.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-17): Indonesia’s navy has increased patrols around its Natuna islands in the South China Sea after Chinese and US vessels were detected nearby in international waters, despite saying there the vessels had not caused any disturbance, a navy official said. [...] In 2017, Indonesia renamed the northern reaches of its exclusive economic zone in the South China Sea as the North Natuna Sea, as part of a push back against China’s maritime territorial ambitions. [...] China has not claimed the Natuna islands but says it has nearby fishing rights within a self-proclaimed "nine-dash line" that includes most of the energy-rich South China Sea.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-01-16): Indonesia’s position is clear that it is not a claimant to any features in the South China Sea, so has no pending maritime delimitation with China. Nonetheless, China unilaterally insists that Indonesia’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelf off the coast of Natuna Island overlaps China’s so-called "nine-dash line" claim. [...] Under international law, Indonesia is entitled to sovereign rights over its EEZ in the waters surrounding Natuna Island, and entitled to the resources in the area. If Indonesia agreed to a joint development proposal under SRMA, it would most likely lose its sovereign rights inside this EEZ because there would a "Resource Management Authority" to organise exploration of the joint development area. After a series of incidents with China in the North Natuna Sea in recent years, President Joko Widodo has strengthened Indonesia’s position in this area by focusing on three main programs: maritime tourism, energy and defence. Jakarta is better off focusing on developing the Natuna Islands on its own, rather than joining with China.
Claim: Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Natuna Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-01-13): The Natuna sea is within 200 nautical miles (370 kilometres) of Indonesia’s coastline, making it part of Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Since December 19, 2019, Chinese fishing vessels have trespassed into the waters around the Natuna Islands, violating Indonesia’s sovereignty as regulated by the 1982’s United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. [...] This is not the first time China entered Indonesia’s territory around the Natuna Islands. Back in 2016, Indonesia also had to ratchet up defence around the islands after an incursion of Chinese fishing armada and coast guard vessels into its EEZ.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of India (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Ladakh (/ləˈdɑːk/)[10] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959.[2] Ladakh is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east, the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh to the south, both the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan to the west, and the southwest corner of Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in the far north. It extends from the Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram range to the north to the main Great Himalayas to the south.[11][12] The eastern end, consisting of the uninhabited Aksai Chin plains, is claimed by the Indian Government as part of Ladakh, but has been under Chinese control.[13][14][15][16] [...] Ladakh was established as a union territory of India on 31 October 2019, following the passage of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act. Prior to that, it was part of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ladakh is both the largest and the second least populous union territory of India.[22][citation needed]
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of India (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-04-18): In August 2019, amid much controversy, the government of India significantly changed the administrative status of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir through the hard-hitting and broadly-reaching Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act. The key reforms included the separation of the region of Ladakh and making it a separate "union territory" (UT). At the same time, the administrative status of Jammu and Kashmir itself was reduced from a state to a union territory (which, the home minister promised, was only a temporary measure, although without a specific timeline). What does this change of status mean in practice? [...] It must be added that Jammu and Kashmir was also a special case among Indian states, as it had a special autonomous status in many regards, which, however, has now been done away with at the same time that the region was reduced to a union territory. Thus, with the new reforms, Ladakh has been granted more autonomy than it had before (as it was only a region within a larger state) while Jammu and Kashmir lost a lot of its own autonomy. [...] While pushing through the new reform, the Indian government announced that Ladakh will be a UT without an assembly (which will make it a regular UT) while Jammu and Kashmir will be a union territory with an assembly (like Puducherry). This would also suggest that Jammu and Kashmir’s lawmakers will be eligible to vote in India’s presidential elections, as the same power belongs to Puducherry’s lawmakers (while other UTs do not take part in these elections).
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of India (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Jammu[b] and Kashmir[c] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[3] The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.[2] [...] Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh. [...] (b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of India (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Where is Ladakh Located? >Ladakh is a mountainous region and Union Territory of India, located in the northern and eastern Kashmir region of the north India. Ladakh is one of the highest regions of the world. Facts about Ladakh, India
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of India (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-16): Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh become separate Union Territories from today: 10 points The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir will have a legislature like Puducherry while Ladakh will be a UT without legislature like Chandigarh. [...] Watch | J&K and Ladakh become Union Territories: What it means 4. The UTs of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh will be headed by lieutenant governors G C Murmu and R K Mathur, respectively.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of India (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): October 4, 2024One evening in mid-September, as the sun began to set, the grunts of Kunzes Dolma's yaks filled the sandy streets of Chushul, a Himalayan village in Ladakh, India, near the border with China. [...] Ashish Kothari, co-founder of the Indian environmental group Kalpavriksh, told DW that recognizing the land and resource rights of nomads and farmers in the Changthang region under the Indian Forest Rights Act could offer support. The legislation protects the livelihoods of traditional forest dwellers and tribal communities across the country. Ladakh is a union territory, which means it is directly governed by the Indian central government. Including Ladakh in the Sixth Schedule of India's constitution, which allows Indigenous tribal people to make their own laws and policies, would ensure that the interests of nomads and farmers are protected.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of India (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-30): Ladakh – is a region administered by India as a union territory. Until 2019, it was under the jurisdiction of Jammu and Kashmir. Its location is covered by the Himalayan and Karakoram mountains. General reference [edit]Names [edit]- Common English name: Ladakh - Official English name(s): Union territory of Ladakh - Adjectivals - Ladakhi - Demonyms Geography of Ladakh [edit]- Ladakh is: a region administered by India as a union territory - Atlas of Ladakh
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of India (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh. [...] Ladakh has been contested by India and Pakistan since the dissolution of British India in 1947; after the ceasefire agreement of 1949, its southeastern portion went to India and the remainder to Pakistan. The region has been the site of several border skirmishes since; in 1999 India and Pakistan fought the Kargil War with Pakistani fighters eventually withdrawing from India-administered territory they had infiltrated. The Siachen Glacier, situated in the Karakoram Range, is claimed by both India and Pakistan. China gained control of its portion of Ladakh when its forces entered the region in the early 1960s. In 2020 Indian and Chinese soldiers clashed in a confrontation at the Galwan river valley in northeastern Ladakh.