copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): Crimea is also an alarming illustration of how Russia governs the territory that it seizes. In Crimea, Russian occupiers have eradicated the free and independent press. They have arbitrarily detained, tortured, disappeared human rights defenders, journalists, and other civil society activists who dare to document Russia’s abuses or criticize its purported annexation.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-16): Russia invaded Crimea in 2014 and, after a disputed and boycotted referendum held in Crimea approved secession from Ukraine, the Russian parliament voted to annex Crimea into the Russian Federation. The United Nations General Assembly subsequently adopted a non-binding resolution declaring the annexation invalid and affirming Ukraine’s territorial jurisdiction. Russia administers and controls the peninsula while Ukraine continues to maintain that Crimea is its sovereign territory.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Crimea is located between the temperate and subtropical climate belts and is characterized by warm and sunny weather.[56] It is characterized by diversity and the presence of microclimates.[56] The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers.[57] In the central and mountainous areas the climate is transitional between the continental climate to the north and the Mediterranean climate to the south.[57] Winters are mild at lower altitudes (in the foothills) and colder at higher altitudes.[57] Summers are hot at lower altitudes and warm in the mountains.[57] A subtropical, Mediterranean climate dominates the southern coastal regions, is characterized by mild winters and moderately hot, dry summers.[57] [...] Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, and Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.[37][38][2][39] They exercise administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy drew attention to this fact in August 2022 when he stated that it was "necessary to liberate Crimea" from Russian occupation and to re-establish "world law and order".[103]
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-17): The Tatars, a Muslim minority of Turkic origin, are widely considered to be Crimea’s indigenous population. They were also persecuted while the peninsula, and Ukraine, were part of the Soviet Union, with long-time dictator Joseph Stalin forcibly deporting them from Crimea in 1944.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-03-11): Crimea is a centre of pro-Russian sentiment, which can spill into separatism. The region - a peninsula on Ukraine's Black Sea coast - has 2.3 million people, a majority of whom identify themselves as ethnic Russians and speak Russian. [...] Crimea is an autonomous republic within Ukraine, electing its own parliament, with a prime minister appointed with approval from Kiev. But now Crimean MPs have appointed a pro-Moscow leader, Sergei Aksyonov, who wants Crimea to unite with Russia, and has called the referendum.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-08-10): Crimea is a peninsula in the south of Ukraine. Its territory consists of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (which occupies most of the peninsula), the city of Sevastopol (which has a special status and is considered a separate administrative entity within Ukraine), and a small part of Kherson Region.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-15): It is not clear what, if any, effect such a law would have on the international legal status of Crimea as part of sovereign Ukrainian territory. But it suggests a degree of nervousness in Moscow regarding its grip on the peninsula.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): The dispute began during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but did not escalate into a conflict until the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, when Russian special forces were deployed to occupy Crimea and took over its government buildings.[6][7][8] The official results of an internationally unrecognized referendum held during the occupation allegedly indicated overwhelming support for Russian annexation.[9] The Crimean parliament and the autonomous city of Sevastopol unilaterally declared independence from Ukraine[10][11] to ideally form a country named Republic of Crimea. Russia then annexed the region and created two federal subjects, the Republic of Crimea (as a republic) and Sevastopol (as a federal city). Ukraine and the majority of the international community continue to regard Crimea as occupied Ukrainian territory; a United Nations General Assembly resolution declared the referendum invalid and affirmed the territorial integrity of Ukraine.[12] Despite international opinion however, the currency, tax, time zone and legal system are all operational under de facto Russian control. Ukraine has attempted to resolve the matter by filing litigation in multiple international criminal, environmental, political (European Union), and other courts. [...] - ^ a b "Крым – ваш: кто в мире признал полуостров частью России / Крым.net" [Crimea is yours: who in the world recognized the peninsula as part of Russia]. Ikrim.net. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Crimea itself comprises three regions. The first of these, consisting of the northern and central part of Crimea (which constitutes about three-fourths of the peninsula), is made up of a level plain that slopes down gently from south to north. This steppe region is under intensive agricultural cultivation, with winter wheat, corn (maize), potatoes, and sunflowers among the main crops. The climate is dry and continental, and additional water supplies are brought by canal from the Dnieper River at Kakhivka (Kakhovka).
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-03-21): That is why, I will begin with history. Crimea is a peninsula on the north coast of the Black Sea, connected to the European continent through a narrow strip of land. Some 2,500 years ago, the ancient Greeks founded a colony there, including in the western part of the peninsula, where they built the port Chersonesus, which is the present location of Sevastopol.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-31): Crimea profile - Published Crimea lies on a peninsula stretching out from the south of Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It is separated from Russia to the east by the narrow Kerch Strait.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-03-17): Crimea is a semi-autonomous region of Ukraine which is largely self governed. [...] Crimea is a peninsula attached to the rest of Ukraine by a narrow strip of land in the north.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-11-22): Regions and territories: Crimea The Republic of Crimea, a part of Ukraine, lies on a peninsula stretching out from the south of Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It is separated from Russia to the east by the narrow Kerch Strait.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-26): Nine years ago, Russia invaded Ukraine and seized Crimea – a clear violation of international law and of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The United States welcomes the efforts of Ukraine’s Crimea Platform to focus global attention on Russia’s continued occupation. The United States does not and never will recognize Russia’s purported annexation of the peninsula. Crimea is Ukraine.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): In April, the International Civil Aviation Organization had warned governments that there was a risk to commercial passenger flights over south-eastern Ukraine.[3]: 217 The American Federal Aviation Administration issued restrictions on flights over Crimea, to the south of MH17's route, and advised airlines flying over some other parts of Ukraine to "exercise extreme caution". This warning did not include the MH17 crash region.[64][65] 37 airlines continued overflying eastern Ukraine and about 900 flights crossed the Donetsk region in the seven days before the Boeing 777 was shot down.[66] Russian air traffic controllers issued a notice effective 17 July at 00:00 with two conflicting altitude restrictions in the airspace in the adjacent area over Russia below 32,000 feet (9,800 m) and below 53,000 feet (16,000 m). Long-distance flights typically travel at altitudes of 33,000 to 44,000 feet,[67] so the second restriction would effectively close that airspace to civilian overflights, but the second restriction was not noted by the automated systems of Malaysian Airlines and the route was not changed. The reason given for the notice was "armed conflict in Ukraine". [...] - ^ Leonard, Peter. "Ukraine: 295 on Malaysia plane shot down over east". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-03-27): SAMANTHA POWER ( United States) said the draft resolution was about only one issue: affirming a commitment to the sovereignty, political independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine. With it, "we make clear that borders are not mere suggestions," she said. The text also expressed a desire for a peaceful outcome to the dispute between Ukraine and the Russian Federation through a political dialogue that would reflect every part of society. Crimea was part of Ukraine, she emphasized, pointing out that while self-determination was a widely welcome value, at the same time, the United States recognized the importance of national and international law. Coercion could not be the means by which one "self-determined", she stressed, calling for a de-escalation of tensions and an electoral process that would allow all Ukrainians to choose their leaders freely, fairly and without coercion. Ukraine was justified in seeking a vote that would reaffirm respect for its borders and help encourage the Russian Federation to end its isolation and shift from its policy of confrontation to good-faith diplomatic efforts, she said.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Malaysia (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): Crimea is also an alarming illustration of how Russia governs the territory that it seizes. In Crimea, Russian occupiers have eradicated the free and independent press. They have arbitrarily detained, tortured, disappeared human rights defenders, journalists, and other civil society activists who dare to document Russia’s abuses or criticize its purported annexation. [...] Crimea is not an isolated case – it’s a blueprint. This is how Russia governs every part of Ukraine that it occupies. And it’s what we can expect Putin would do whenever and wherever he seizes Ukrainian territory.
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Imia (Greek: Ίμια) is a pair of small uninhabited islets in the Aegean Sea, situated between the Greek island chain of the Dodecanese and the southwestern mainland coast of Turkey. They are known in Turkey as Kardak. Imia was the object of a military crisis and subsequent dispute over sovereignty between Greece and Turkey in 1996. The Imia dispute is part of the larger Aegean dispute, which also comprises disputes over the continental shelf, the territorial waters, the air space, the Flight Information Regions (FIR) and the demilitarization of the Aegean islands.[1] In the aftermath of the Imia crisis, the dispute was also widened, as Turkey began to lay parallel claims to a larger number of other islets in the Aegean. These islands, some of them inhabited, are regarded as indisputably Greek by Greece but as grey zones of undetermined sovereignty by Turkey. [...] The maps of the air zones published after that agreement (e.g. an official map published by Turkey in 1953) do indeed show a line that runs where Greece today claims the territorial boundary should be, with Imia on the Greek side.[25][26] Turkey holds that the agreement about the FIR boundaries was not concerned with determining sovereignty, and thus has no bearing on the issue.
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The case of the two Imia islets (in Greek) or Kardak rocks (in Turkish) is a more recent addition to the already heavy Aegean agenda. It came to the fore in 1996 (see Chapter 9). At the time, Turkey raised the wider issue of the existence of ‘grey zones’ in the Aegean, that is, islets and rocks in the eastern Aegean whose status as to sovereignty was ‘undetermined’. [...] Gulden Ayman (2001), ‘The Kardak (Imia) Crisis and Turkish-Greek Relations’, Hellenic Studies, 9, 2, pp. 56, 59, 61 [...] Heraclides, A. (2010). Imia/Kardak and the Grey Zones.
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-11): On January 26th, Imia/Kardak became a public news story after a radio broadcast by the Greek foreign ministry. This came after the Mayor of Kalymnos, the representative of the Greek District closest to Imia/Kardak, had travelled to the islets and positioned a Greek flag there. [...] In Athens, there was consensus that the islets were Greek – and the protection of the nation’s territories in the Aegean was the primary basis of relations with Turkey. Further, there was a popular belief in Athens that Turkey would not accept the Greek ownership of Imia/Kardak peacefully. [...] Whilst the Greek government distances itself from the ideology of Golden Dawn, in terms of Imia/Kardak, the Greek government shares the position that the islets are still Greek.
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-10): "When the Figen Akat incident happened," the Turkish diplomat claims, "we realized that Kardak [the Turkish name for Imia] was registered in local Turkish government documents as part of Turkish territory, and we consulted international maps that show Kardak within Turkish territorial waters. We then consulted other agencies that might be informed about the history of the islands and discovered that there was absolutely no doubt about the affiliation of Kardak. But at that moment we did not want to create a political problem, because the issue of the ship had been resolved and there was nothing we could do." [...] "We received a verbal note from the Greek Embassy in Ankara claiming that Kardak was Greek territory. Your diplomats visited our ministry, spoke with me and Minister Baykal, put forward their arguments and we explained to them that according to all information, there is no doubt that the islands were Turkish territory and that for us there is no discussion about it. Then our minister visited the prime minister and stated the same. So for us, the problem was already closed."
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): [edit]Imia [edit]The first time a dispute between the two countries in the Aegean touched on questions of actual sovereignty over territories was in early 1996 at the tiny barren islets of Imia (known as Kardak in Turkey), situated between the Dodecanese island chain and the Turkish mainland.[401] The conflict, triggered by the stranding of a Turkish merchant ship on the islets, was originally caused by factual inconsistencies between maps of the area, some of which assigned these islets to Greece, others to Turkey. The media of the two countries took up the issue and gave it a nationalistic turn, before the two governments even had the time to come to a full technical understanding of the true legal and geographical situation. Both governments finally adopted an intransigent stance, publicly asserting their own claims of sovereignty over the islets. The result was military escalation, which was perceived abroad as quite out of proportion with the size and significance of the rocks in question. The two countries were at the brink of war for a few days, until the crisis was defused with the help of foreign mediation.[402] [...] See also [edit]- Cyprus dispute - Cyprus–Turkey maritime zones dispute - Exclusive economic zone of Greece - Libya (GNA)–Turkey maritime deal - Foreign relations of Greece - Foreign relations of Turkey - Imia/Kardak
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-08-09): Green, S. F. (2015). Greece-Turkey: Imia/Kardak Island. In E. Brunet-Jailly (Ed.), Border Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia (First ed., Vol. 2, pp. 640-649). Greenwood/ABC-CLIO. Green, Sarah Francesca. / Greece-Turkey: Imia/Kardak Island. Border Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia. editor / Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly. Vol. 2 First. ed. Santa Barbara CA : Greenwood/ABC-CLIO, 2015. pp. 640-649 @inbook{064797fa945d4ca28fbf690f99662e2f, title = "Greece-Turkey: Imia/Kardak Island", abstract = "This is an encyclopedia entry of 4000 words. The Imia/Kardak dispute began in 1995 when a Turkish cargo ship ran aground on an uninhabited islet in the Aegean Sea. When the Turkish captain refused help from Greeks on the grounds that the islet was in Turkish territory, a serious dispute developed between Turkey and Greece. Yet in the same year, trade relations across the Aegean significantly improved because of the EU-initiated Barcelona Process, demonstrating the effects of the dual-border zone that the Aegean has become.", keywords = "5143 Social and cultural anthropology, Borders, Aegean Sea, European Union, 519 Social and economic geography", author = "Green, {Sarah Francesca}", year = "2015", month = aug, language = "English", isbn = "978-1-61069-023-2", volume = "2", pages = "640--649", editor = "Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly", booktitle = "Border Disputes", publisher = "Greenwood/ABC-CLIO", address = "United States", edition = "First", }
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-16): This Aegean Dispute refers to six Greco-Turkish disputes in the Aegean Sea: the extent of the continental shelf, the breadth of the Greek territorial sea, the existing Greek national airspace, the demilitarization status of those eastern Greek islands located close to Turkey, the islets Imia or Kardak and the related "grey zones" issue, and differences over the responsibilities emanating from Greece’s self-proclaimed Flight Information Region. [...] Inan Y, Baseren SH (1996) The troubled situation of the Aegean territorial waters. Hell Stud 4:2 Ioannou KM (1997) The Greek territorial sea. In: Kariotis T (ed) Greece and the law of the sea. Kluwer, The Hague
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-12-21): In December 1995 Greece and Turkey almost fought a war over a tiny rocky island. Both countries claimed the territories, called Kardak by the Turks and Imia by the Greeks. A Turkish cargo ship ran aground on a tiny rocky island in the Aegean Sea in December 1995. But a dispute between Turkey and Greece over who owned the island sovereignty almost brought the two nations to war. Agreement still hasn't been reached over the territory called Kardak by the Turks and Imia by the Greeks. Cagil Kasapoglu spoke to the former Turkish diplomat Onur Oymen and the former Greek foreign minister, Theodoros Pangalos, about the crisis. Photo: Turkish journalists prepare a Turkish flag to replace the Greek flag on Kardak/Imia island, January 27, 1996 (AP Photo/Hurriyet)
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-08): The dispute began over Imia, a pair of uninhabited islets — "little" and "big" Imia — known in Turkey as Kardak. The islets are about 1,000 feet apart and have a combined surface area of about 10 acres. They are part of Greece but only a few miles from Turkey's Bodrum Peninsula. [...] Residents of a nearby Greek island raised their national flag on one of Imia's islets on January 25. On January 28, Turkish journalists arrived on Imia, taking down the Greek flag and raising their own. [...] The Imia crisis was a watershed event for the Greek special-operations community. The Greek Navy SEALs had been used in a defensive role, which conflicted with their training and their orientation toward offensive action. Greek commanders had sent them because the weather conditions required more capable personnel.
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-30): Imia-Kardak Crisis (Greek: Κρίση των Ιμίων, Turkish: Kardak Krizi) was a crisis between Turkey and Greece caused by a Turkish ship named "Figen Atak" getting stuck in Imia/Kardak rocks causing Turkish and Greek forces to have a dispute, leading to a crisis and brought two countries to the brink of war. [...] In fact, the main issue was not these rocks in the Aegean Sea. The Imia/Kardak rocks meant two countries struggle for domination. If Turkey had agreed to leave these reefs to Greece, the Greeks were able to claim on other pieces of rocks/islets on the Aegean Sea. Turkey's thesis was 'pieces of land remaining after the Ottoman Empire (not included in the lausanne agreement), is not determined by treaties to which belongs to Turkey. [...] They re-erected their flag, so the Kardak Rocks came under the control of the Greek navy.
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-20): On January 28, 1996, the Government of Greece issued bellicose statements regarding the status of the Kardak Rocks, a mere 3.8 miles off the coast of Türkiye in the Aegean Sea. This is yet another example of unfounded Greek claims to sovereignty even at 3.8 miles and results from long-standing bilateral disputes concerning the Aegean, including territorial waters, demilitarization of the Aegean islands, air space and the continental shelf. Türkiye is committed to defusing, rather than increasing, tension in this region. The dispute over the Kardak Rocks and other small islands and islets in the region, as well as the delimitation of the territorial waters, is an ongoing one. In creating a problem by extending its sovereignty to the islands beyond those ceded to Athens in 1947, Greece is acting irresponsibly by increasing tensions for domestic political consumption and by trying to involve others in the international community in the fray. [...] The Government of Türkiye is ready to enter into negotiations with Greece, with a view to determining the possession of small islands, islets and rocks in the Aegean. After such negotiations, the issue of delimitation of the territorial waters could also be discussed and resolved. In the meantime, Türkiye would like to suggest that the parties refrain from any unilateral act that would aggravate the situation in the region.
Claim: Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece (Imia/Kardak, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-07-17): Turkish jets entered Greek airspace and were intercepted by Greek jets as the defence minister, Panos Kammenos, and military chiefs flew by helicopter to the islet of Imia to drop wreaths in memory of three Greek officers killed nearby in a helicopter crash 19 years ago, the Greek defence ministry said. [...] Imia, known in Turkish as Kardak, lies just seven km (four miles) off the Turkish coast. Greece and Turkey, both members of Nato, have long disputed its sovereignty and, in 1996, came close to war over the islets.