copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: “Salt does not raise blood pressure” (Sean Christopher, 2024-04-18)
Evidence (2019-08-30): Campaign groups, such as CASH (Consensus Action on Salt and Health), have successfully worked with Government and food manufacturers to bring down the amount of salt in processed foods, which has resulted in falls in blood pressure figures – a key indicator that reducing your salt intake reaps results. [...] Although salt does not affect blood glucose levels, it’s important to limit the amount you eat as part of your diabetes management because too much salt can raise your blood pressure. People with diabetes are more likely to be affected by high blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart disease, stroke and kidney disease. [...] Being aware of the sources of added salt and following a few simple steps you can easily reduce the amount of salt you eat.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2020-03-05): A wide array of studies examining different vaccines, including the ones specified in ICAN’s lawsuit, demonstrate that there is no association between vaccines and autism.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2024-10-09): No, vaccines do not cause autism. This damaging claim became a controversial issue in 1998, when a paper published in the journal The Lancet suggested that childhood vaccination was linked to autism. The claim subsequently fueled fears among some parents and resulted in widespread misinformation about vaccines. Some people claimed that vaccines caused autism because vaccines contained thimerosal, a mercury-containing antimicrobial and preservative. However, extensive studies exploring the proposed association have since found no scientific evidence to support a causal relationship between childhood vaccination and autism. Moreover, later analysis of the original 1998 paper revealed that the authors had made false claims and had violated research ethics, leading to its retraction in 2010. Although concerns about vaccines and autism have no scientific basis, health officials have gone to great lengths to allay public fears. In particular, as a precautionary measure in the United States, though the low doses of thimerosal used in vaccines are safe for humans, as of 2001 the substance is no longer used in childhood vaccines.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2017-11-22): In fact, there is no evidence that vaccines cause autism. (We covered this and related vaccine issues in 2015, when Sen. Rand Paul claimed that he had heard of "many" children that developed "profound mental disorders" after receiving vaccinations.) [...] "NOW IT’S OFFICIAL: FDA Announced That Vaccines Are Causing Autism!" Globalliving.org. 14 Nov 2017. [...] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism. 23 Nov 2015.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2024-06-06): For years, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has bluntly stated the truth: "Vaccines do not cause autism," the agency affirms on its website. Yet, nearly a quarter of Americans still don't believe it. In an April 2024 survey by the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) of the University of Pennsylvania, 24 percent of US adults denied or disputed that the CDC ever said that. Specifically, the survey asked them to assess the accuracy of the statement that the CDC has said there is no evidence linking vaccines to autism. Six percent called the statement "very inaccurate," and 18 percent said it was "somewhat inaccurate." An additional 3 percent responded that they were "not sure." Of the remaining 73 percent, only 41 percent considered it "very accurate," and 32 percent said it was "somewhat accurate."
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2023-11-14): Numerous research studies have proven that autism spectrum disorder is not related to vaccination. This research has been conducted by the nation’s leading health experts, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Autism Science Foundation, American Academy of Pediatrics and others. They all concur that there is no evidence vaccinations cause autism. So why do the rumors persist? [...] "Fortunately, this was a question that could be studied — and answered — by science," Autism Science Foundation leaders assert. "We looked at children who received vaccines and those who didn’t, or who received them on a different, slower schedule. There was no difference in their neurological outcomes. The results of studies are very clear; the data show no relationship between vaccines and autism." [...] A 2013 CDC study looked at the number of antigens (substances in vaccines causing the body’s immune system to produce disease-fighting antibodies) from vaccines during the first two years of life (the time period when it is thought autism is developing). The results showed that the total amount of antigen from vaccines received was the same between children with ASD and those that did not have ASD. The CDC concluded, "Vaccine ingredients do not cause autism."
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2024-07-06): Is There a Connection Between Vaccines and Autism? There is no connection between vaccines and autism spectrum disorder. [...] So, how did the idea that vaccines play a role get started? Much of the blame lies with a study published in 1998 that suggested that the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine, or infection with the naturally occurring measles virus itself, might cause autism. Since then, many scientific studies have shown that there is no link between vaccines — or any of their ingredients — and autism.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2021-12-01): The myth of vaccination and autism spectrum - PMID: 34996019 - PMCID: PMC8694782 - DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.12.011 [...] Background: Among all of the studied potential causes of autism, vaccines have received some of the most scrutiny and have been the topic of many evidence-based studies. These efforts have led the great majority of scientists, physicians, and public health researchers to refute causation between vaccines and autism. [...] Scientific review of data: Despite the overwhelming data demonstrating that there is no link between vaccines and autism, many parents are hesitant to immunize their children because of the alleged association. Other contributing factors to the myths and conspiracy theories surrounding the association between vaccines and autism include the fact that the diagnosis of autism is typically made after the age of receiving the main childhood immunizations, as well as the occasional occurrence of regression after the age of first year vaccinations. In spite of vast evidence that the main contribution to the increase in incidence is from improvement of the diagnostic process, this rapid and publicized rise in autism diagnoses feeds parental concerns regarding any medical intervention that may be associated with the health of their children.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2019-05-03): We don’t yet know what causes autism, but a new study found the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine does not. The MMR vaccine also doesn’t trigger autism in a group of at-risk kids. No Linkage Between MMR Vaccine and Autism A 1998 paper in The Lancet claimed the MMR vaccine caused autism, but that study has since been debunked. In the decades since, there have been no follow-up studies that link vaccines to autism. In fact, studies have consistently shown vaccines do not increase the risk of autism.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2019-07-22): For years scientists have said that there is no link between vaccines and autism. There are still many people who are reluctant to vaccinate. But, one woman has changed her mind about vaccines. Scientists have said over and over for years that there is no link between vaccines and autism. But there are still a lot of people who are reluctant to vaccinate themselves and their children because they believe there's a risk, which leads to a question - why is it so hard to refute misinformation? NPR's Shankar Vedantam has the story. [...] VEDANTAM: She became immersed in new groups online, and she began to Google again. But this time, she realized that science had not shown a link between vaccines and autism. She got her daughter vaccinated and has never looked back.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2019-08-08): Most of the numbers in the graphic are wrong. Although the estimated rate of autism has been increasing since the 1980s in the USA (and UK) and the number of recommended vaccines has also increased, it’s consistently been shown that there is no link between vaccines and autism. [...] Vaccines do not cause autism Multiple academic studies have proven that there is no link between autism and vaccines. One particularly large study looked at over one million children and found no link between autism disorders and vaccines. A large number of studies have shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine (the vaccine which this type of claim is most often made about) and autism.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2024-08-06): Vaccines do not cause autism [...] A CDC study published in 2013 added to the research showing that vaccines do not cause ASD. The study focused on the number of antigens given during the first two years of life. Antigens are substances in vaccines that cause the body's immune system to produce disease-fighting antibodies. The results showed that the total amount of antigen from vaccines received was the same between children with ASD and those that did not have ASD.2 [...] - Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD. Vaccines are not associated with autism: An evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Vaccine. 2014 June;32(29):3623–3629.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2014-06-17): Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies - PMID: 24814559 - DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085 Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies [...] Vaccines and autism: evidence does not support a causal association.Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Dec;82(6):756-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100407. Epub 2007 Oct 10. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007. PMID: 17928818 Review.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2014-05-19): A new meta-analysis of 10 studies involving more than 1.2 million children reaffirms that vaccines don’t cause autism; MMR shot may actually decrease risk May 19, 2014A meta-analysis of ten studies involving more than 1.2 million children reaffirms that vaccines don’t cause autism. If anything, immunization was associated with decreased risk that children would develop autism, a possibility that’s strongest with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. [...] "This analysis provides further confirmation for a lack of association between vaccines and autism that the broader healthcare community has understood and embraced for some time," comments Autism Speaks Chief Science Officer Rob Ring. "Autism Speaks’ own policy on vaccines echoes those of other credible healthcare organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization. We strongly encourage parents to work with their physician to ensure their children receive the full benefits immunization offers in protecting their loved ones against a variety of preventable childhood diseases."
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2019-03-04): A Large Study Provides More Evidence That MMR Vaccines Don't Cause Autism [...] A large study released Monday finds no evidence that the vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella increases the risk of autism. The study of children born in Denmark is one of the largest ever of the MMR vaccine. [...] "The idea that vaccines cause autism is still around despite our original and other well-conducted studies," Hviid wrote in an email. "Parents still encounter these claims on social media, by politicians, by celebrities, etc."
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2024-08-15): Many rigorous studies show that there is no link between MMR vaccine or thimerosal and autism. Although many parents are aware of this research, some parents have lingering questions and concerns. I've heard some parents say their child's behavior changed after vaccines; how do you know vaccines don't cause autism? [...] - Give patient and empathetic reassurance that you understand their infant's health is their top priority, and it also is your top priority, so putting children at risk of vaccine-preventable diseases without scientific evidence of a link between vaccines and autism is a risk you are not willing to take.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2018-07-24): Vaccines are not associated with autism or developmental delay. [...] Vaccines Are Not Associated With Autism: An Evidence-Based Meta-Analysis of Case-Control and Cohort Studies [...] In a review of literature on immunizations and autism, an overwhelming majority of studies concluded that there is no causal association between the MMR vaccine and autism. Also, no convincing evidence was found to support an association between the vaccine preservative thimerosal and autism. In addition, no evidence was found to support the use of chelation therapy in autism.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2015-04-21): In the latest study on the vaccines, researchers find even more evidence that childhood immunizations aren’t linked to autism. In a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, a group led by Dr. Anjali Jain of the Lewin Group, a health care consulting organization, found that brothers and sisters of children with autism were not at any higher risk of developing the disorder if they were vaccinated compared with brothers and sisters of those without autism. [...] But among the 95,000 children with older siblings included in the study, children who received the MMR and had autistic older siblings were no more likely to develop autism than children who were vaccinated and didn’t have any autistic older siblings. In fact, the relative risk of autism among those with older autistic brothers or sisters was lower if they were vaccinated compared with those who were not vaccinated.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2020-03-11): The press release, stating that "CDC concedes in federal court that there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism", is founded on the recently concluded proceedings of a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuit filed by ICAN against the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The lawsuit requested that the CDC produce studies showing that the DTaP, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate) and inactivated polio vaccines—the vaccines used within the first six months of life—do not cause autism. The CDC responded with a list of 20 peer-reviewed studies[1-20], several of which can already be found on its website. However, ICAN inexplicably concluded that this list meant that "there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism", because "it has no studies to support that [DTaP, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, PCV13 and inactivated polio vaccines] do not cause autism". Many studies have already shown that vaccines don’t cause autism and no biological mechanism has ever been found to support this link, despite the pseudoscientific theories behind thimerosal and aluminum adjuvants.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2022-10-18): Some people believe the Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism however, this is not correct. There have been many studies that prove there isn’t a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Read MMR Vaccine Does Not Cause Autism [PDF 154 KB] for more information. [...] Vaccines don’t cause allergies or asthma
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2024-02-05): Studies showing that MMR vaccine does not cause autism [...] The Vaccine Education Center has compiled the following resources addressing concerns surrounding vaccine safety as it relates to autism. These materials are based on the scientific findings of many scientists studying hundreds of thousands of children on multiple continents. The one clear and consistent finding is that vaccines do not cause autism. [...] Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD. Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine 2014;32:3623-3629.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2017-01-20): The "Why Vaccines Don’t Cause Autism" Papers [...] - Jain A, Marshall J, Buikema A, Bancroft T, Kelly JP, Newschaffer CJ (2015) Autism occurrence by MMR vaccine status among US children with older siblings with and without autism. JAMA 313(15): 1534–40. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3077. pmid:25898051 - Uno Y, Uchiyama T, Kurosawa M, Aleksic B, Ozaki N (2015) Early exposure to the combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines and risk of autism spectrum disorder. Vaccine 33(21):2511–6. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.036. pmid:25562790 - Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD (2014) Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine 2014; 32(29): 3623–9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085. pmid:24814559. [...] Taken together these studies show that childhood or maternal vaccines do not cause autism.
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2024-02-01): While genetic and environmental reasons for autism have been found, vaccines are not among those reasons.[3] In fact, one vaccine, the rubella vaccine has been found to have a protective effect in preventing rubella during pregnancy. Rubella during pregnancy can lead to children born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which include symptoms of autistic behavior and developmental delay.[4] The rubella vaccine is part of the combined measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. [...] Perhaps the easiest answer to why vaccines were associated with autism to begin with is the age at which childhood vaccines are given and when the first signs of developmental delay are typically seen. In the United States, the vaccine schedule recommends certain vaccines be given between birth and twelve months of age. At the same time, signs of a developmental delay – like the delays seen with autism – show up around the time a child should start to speak and interact more fully with people around them. [...] 18. Knopf A. Time to remember: Vaccines don't cause autism. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter. 2021;37(7):9-10. doi:10.1002/cbl.30559
Claim: there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism (Del Bigtree, Joe Martino, 2020-03-05)
Evidence (2024-06-22): The research is clear: Vaccines don’t cause autism. More than a dozen studies have tried to find a link. Each one has come up empty. [...] In 2004, the Immunization Safety Review Committee of the Institute of Medicine published a report on the topic. The group looked at all the studies on vaccines and autism, both published and unpublished. It released a 200-page report stating there was no evidence to support a link between vaccines and autism. Still, studies continue to look at the issue. In 2019, the largest study to date looked at almost 660-thousand children over a course of 11 years and found no link between the vaccine and autism.
Claim: “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” (Hashem Al-Ghaili, 2020-05-19)
Evidence (2020-05-19): Viruses accumulate mutations in their genomes as they spread from person to person. By comparing the genomes of different SARS-CoV-2 samples collected at different times in different places, and by combining these data with contact tracing data, it is possible to establish the genealogy and mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2, and thereby trace its origin and when and where it spread. Current data indicates that SARS-CoV-2 made its jump from animals to humans sometime during Fall 2019 and had already spread outside of China by January 2020.
Claim: “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” (Hashem Al-Ghaili, 2020-05-19)
Evidence (2020-03-17): COVID 19 is disrupting life-saving immunization services around the world, putting millions of children – in rich and poor countries alike – at risk of diseases like diphtheria, measles and polio. [...] As COVID-19 continues to spread globally, over 117 million children in 37 countries may miss out on receiving life-saving measles vaccines.
Claim: “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” (Hashem Al-Ghaili, 2020-05-19)
Evidence (2024-08-28): Unconfirmed reports of early cases [edit]A September 2020 review noted the hypothetical possibility that the COVID-19 infection had already spread to Europe in 2019 by presumptive evidences including pneumonia case numbers and radiology in France and Italy in November and December.[1] However, a subsequent retrospective surveillance report determined there was no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Rome (Italy) during this period.[2] [...] October and November [edit]According to an ABC news report, the American National Center for Medical Intelligence shared intelligence in late November, based on analysis of wire and computer intercepts and satellite images, regarding a potential respiratory disease in Wuhan. This was denied by the Pentagon.[4] On 13 March 2020, the South China Morning Post reported that Chinese government records suggest that the first case of infection with COVID-19 could be traced back to a 55-year-old Hubei resident on 17 November.[5] [...] - ^ "Intelligence report warned of coronavirus crisis as early as November: Sources". ABC News. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
Claim: “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” (Hashem Al-Ghaili, 2020-05-19)
Evidence (2022-07-05): Covid-19 is continuing to spread around the world, with more than 550 million confirmed cases and more than six million deaths reported across almost 200 countries. [...] Asia, which was the centre of the initial outbreak that spread from Wuhan in China in early 2020, shows a mixed picture. [...] Covid-19 was first detected in the city of Wuhan, China, in late 2019 but the outbreak spread quickly across the globe in the first months of 2020.