copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Sabah and Sarawak have additional powers over their immigration controls as part of the 20-point agreement and 18-point agreement drawn up by respective states when they, together with the Federation of Malaya and Singapore, formed Malaysia. They have separate immigration policies and controls and a unique residency status.[15] Passports are required even for Peninsular Malaysians for travelling between either state and Peninsular Malaysia, or between the two states, however those who are on social/business visits up to three months are allowed to produce a MyKad or birth certificate and obtain a special printout form in lieu of a passport. [...] Sabah and Sarawak [change | change source]The states of Sabah and Sarawak merged with the existing states of the Federation of Malaya and Singapore pursuant to the Malaysia Agreement in 1963 to form the independent state of Malaysia.[17] Representatives from Sabah and Sarawak demanded a higher degree of autonomy as part of the bargain which were included in the 20-point agreement and 18-point agreement respectively. It has also been argued that Sabah and Sarawak have equal status to that of Malaya as a whole, however the Constitution of Malaysia have listed both these entities as merely 2 of the 13 states of Malaysia,[17] suggesting an equal status with the states of Malaya. Sabah and Sarawak still retains a relatively higher degree of autonomy compared to the peninsular states in areas such as immigration, some control over state revenue and legislative power over land and local government.[17]
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-13): Malaysia is divided into 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federal territories (Wilayah Persekutuan). Out of these – 11 states and 2 federal territories are situated in West Malaysia; 2 states and 1 federal territory in Borneo Island (East Malaysia). In alphabetical order, the 13 states are: Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu. Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya are the federal territories in Malaysia. The states are further subdivided into districts and smaller subdivisions. [...] Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country located in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. The South China Sea separates Malaysia into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia is a part of mainland Southeast Asia and lies in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, bordered by Thailand. The states of Sabah and Sarawak located on the northern edges of the Borneo Islands forms the East Malaysian region, and are bordered by Brunei and Indonesia. West Malaysia shares its maritime borders with Singapore, Indonesia and Vietnam, while East Malaysia shares it with Philippines and Vietnam.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Malaysia, a member of the Commonwealth, represents the political marriage of territories that were formerly under British rule. When it was established on September 16, 1963, Malaysia comprised the territories of Malaya (now Peninsular Malaysia), the island of Singapore, and the colonies of Sarawak and Sabah in northern Borneo. In August 1965 Singapore seceded from the federation and became an independent republic.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-12-09): The 20-point agreement, or the 20-point memorandum, is an agreement made between the state of Sabah (then North Borneo) with what would be the federal government of Malaysia prior to the formation of Malaysia in 16 September 1963. A similar agreement was made between the state of Sarawak and the federal government but with certain differences in their 18-point agreement. [...] Point 20: Land, Forests, Local Government, etc.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-02-13): Kuala Lumpur is one of three Federal Territories of Malaysia, enclaved within the state of Selangor, on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Since the 1990s, the city has played host to many international sporting, political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades, and is now the eighth most visited city in the world.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-02): Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy that consists of 13 states and three federal territories, which include the capital city region of Kuala Lumpur, the administrative capital of Putrajaya, and the island of Labuan off the coast of East Malaysia.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-04): Singapore is a city-state and island country in maritime Southeast Asia, located at the end of the Malayan Peninsula between Malaysia and Indonesia as well as the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. It is heavily compact and urbanised. As of 2023, Singapore has a total land area of approximately 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi).[1] Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait and from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor. [...] Topography [edit]Singapore's main territory looks like a diamond-shaped island, although its territory includes surrounding smaller islands. The farthest outlying island is Pedra Branca. Of Singapore's dozens of smaller islands, Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the larger ones. Most of Singapore is no more than 15 meters above sea level.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-14): Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign country as well as a city-state. It is an island state at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula in Asia, between the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Singapore is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator. About 5.70 million people live in Singapore. About 3.31 million are citizens. Most of them are ethnically Chinese, Malay, or Indian, as well as a smaller number of other Asians and Europeans.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-14): Singapore has no territories or colonies. [...] Singapore is a city-state in Southeast Asia, located about 137 kilometers (85 miles) north of the Equator. It consists of 1 major island and 59 small islands. Singapore lies at the center of a major sea route connecting the Far East to Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, which gives the country its strategic importance. It is separated from Malaysia to the north by the narrow Johore Strait and from Indonesia to the south by the wider Singapore Strait. The country has a land area of 637.5 square kilometers (247 square miles), but no land boundaries, and its total coastline is 193 kilometers (120 miles). The territory of Singapore covers a slightly smaller area than that of New York City.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-01): Singapore Island, also known as mainland Singapore, is the main constituent island of the sovereign island country and city-state of the Republic of Singapore. It is located at the southern tip of Malay Peninsula, in-between the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. The Singapore Strait lies to the south, while the Johor Strait lies to the north.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-05): Singapore’s territory consists of one main island and 63 satellite islands. This means that the country doesn’t share land borders with any other countries. The closest countries to Singapore are Malaysia and Singapore. [...] Singapore is a city-state, which means that the entire country is coterminous with the city of Singapore. As such, there are no large-scale divisions such as provinces or states. Instead, Singapore is divided into Community Development Council Districts (CDCs), town councils, and electoral constituencies. [...] Singapore has a total land area of 734.3 km2 (283.5 sq mi), which makes it the 20th smallest country in the world. Most of this land area has been urbanized, and 100% of the country’s population lives in an urban area.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-19): The diamond-shaped island that makes up Singapore's main territory is surrounded by smaller islands. Pedra Branca is the farthest outlying island. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin, and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's numerous smaller islands. The majority of Singapore is only 15 meters above sea level. The highest point in Singapore is Bukit Timah Hill, which rises 165 meters (538 feet) above ground and is composed of the igneous rock granite. The northwest is dominated by sedimentary rock hills and valleys, whereas the eastern part of the country is sandy and flat. [...] Singapore's geography is defined by its strategic location at the Malay Peninsula's southern tip, bordered by the Singapore Strait, the Johor Straits, and the South China Sea. The territory of the country is made up of the main island plus several smaller islands. Its flat terrain is dominated by urban development, with a few elevated areas. High temperatures, steady rainfall, and two monsoon seasons characterize the climate. [...] Singapore is an island city-state situated at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, between Malaysia and Indonesia, along the Singapore Strait and South China Sea.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Malaysia's maritime boundary in its 1979 map is not recognised by Singapore[8] and Singapore disputes many parts of the territorial sea and continental shelf claimed by Malaysia. Among them is a slice of territorial waters called the "Point 20 sliver" (see below), and previously, the sovereignty of Pulau Batu Puteh/Pedra Branca which lies within the 12-nautical-mile (22 km) territorial waters claimed by Malaysia but has since been decided by the International Court of Justice in Singapore's favour. [...] The Tuas development, however, can be deemed a case of territorial dispute as Malaysia claims the reclamation works has encroached into its territorial waters in an area called the "Point 20 sliver".[17] The "sliver", regarded as an anomaly by Singapore, arises as a result of the unilateral declaration of Malaysia's territorial waters boundary as defined by a 1979 map published by Malaysia where, between turning points No 19 and No 21, Point 20 strikes out to the east of the general continental shelf boundary towards Singapore, thus forming a triangle of Malaysian territorial waters extending eastwards from the general north–south territorial waters boundary. The Tuas development reclamation project encroaches into this sliver of territorial waters. Singapore does not recognise the 1979 continental shelf boundary and, thus, does not recognise the "point 20 sliver" as under Malaysian sovereignty.[18]
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Singapore,[e] officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. [...] Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong.[289] There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor–Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 m (537 ft).[290] Under British rule, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to Australia in 1957.[291][292][293] Pedra Branca is the nation's easternmost point.[294] [...] - ^ "G20". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-26): Singapore (officially, Republic of Singapore) is a unitary state and is divided into 5 Community Development Councils (CDCs). In alphabetical order, these councils are: Central Singapore CDC, North East CDC, North West CDC, South East CDC and South West CDC. Each Community Development Council has been further subdivided into electoral constituencies and town councils. [...] Singapore is an island country located off the coast of the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia, between the Indian Ocean and South China Sea. It is located in both Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. In fact, Singapore is just one degree of latitude above the Equator. The country borders South China Sea to the east, the Strait of Malacca to the west, and the Riau Islands lie to the south.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-19): Singapore is a sovereign state located in Southeast Asia and is officially known as the Republic of Singapore. It lies in the southern tip of Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres north of the equator. [...] Its major territory is a diamond-shaped island although it includes smaller islands within its area of responsibility. Singapore is almost more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C. Its highest point is Bukit Timah with a height of about 165 meters, made up of igneous rock and granite. The valleys and hills of sedimentary rocks cover the northwest while sandy and flatter land dominate the eastern region.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Singapore (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-09): Singapore is a sovereign island city-state and country located in Southeast Asia. It is situated at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula and is separated from Malaysia by the Johor Strait to the north. Singapore is also an island, with no land borders with any other country.
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): In 1965, while planning for Mauritian independence, the UK constituted the Chagos as the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT).[4][5] Mauritius gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1968, and has since claimed the Chagos Archipelago as Mauritian territory. [...] On 22 May 2019, the United Nations General Assembly debated and adopted a resolution that affirmed that the Chagos archipelago "forms an integral part of the territory of Mauritius." The resolution demanded that the UK "withdraw its colonial administration ... unconditionally within a period of no more than six months." 116 states voted in favour of the resolution, 55 abstained and only 5 countries supported the United Kingdom. During the debate, the Mauritian Prime Minister, Sir Anerood Jugnauth, described the expulsion of Chagossians as "akin to a crime against humanity," while the United Kingdom continued to assert that it had no doubt about its sovereignty over the archipelago.[50] The Maldives were one of the countries which supported the UK in the General Assembly vote. It stated that, if the Chagos Archipelago became inhabited, the Maldives claim to an extension of its Exclusive Economic Zone would be affected. The resolution's immediate consequence was that the UN and other international organisations became bound by UN law to support the decolonisation of the Chagos Islands. [...] - ^ "Conservation and Management in British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Archipelago)" (PDF). Chagos-trust.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-24): Currently, the UK maintains control over the archipelago. The whole of Mauritius used to be a British colony, the Chagos islands were detached in 1965, from the Crown Colony prior to granting Mauritius independence. A new colonial territory was created – effectively recolonising the archipelago – under the name ‘British Indian Ocean Territory’ (BIOT). [...] Despite the archipelago’s name – which indicates it is a British colony – the forcible eviction of the Chagossians was set in motion in the US. As part of the US strategy to expand its military bases around the world, Diego Garcia was identified in 1958, as an ideal location for a future military base by a US naval officer. [...] The following year, the US drafted an agreement for the lease of the islands from the UK. The agreement took the form of an Exchange of Notes, where the Chagos Islands were leased to the US for an initial 50-year term with an option for a 20-year extension. This option was exercised in 2016, extending occupation to 2036.
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): After a dispute running for more than 50 years, the United Kingdom will finally hand back the Chagos Islands, an archipelago located in the Indian Ocean, to the southeast African island country of Mauritius. As part of an agreement on Thursday, the governments of the UK and Mauritius jointly announced that full sovereignty of the Chagos, a remote group of more than 60 islands, would again belong to Mauritius in exchange for guarantees that a United States military base could continue operating there for the next 99 years. [...] Several British conservatives, including former UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, opposed handing over Chagos to Mauritius, arguing that Mauritius could grant its close ally, China, access to the strategic territory, possibly proving a security threat to the US military base and undermining US-UK relations.
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands, many very small, amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres (23 square miles).[3] The largest and most southerly island is Diego Garcia, 27 square kilometres (10 square miles), the site of a Joint Military Facility of the United Kingdom and the United States.[6] Official administration is remote from London,[7][8] though the local capital is often regarded as being on Diego Garcia.[9]
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The United Kingdom said Thursday that it will transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius, ending its last African colony and a decades-long acrimonious legal battle. The deal secures the future of a vital U.S. military base in the Indian Ocean as China competes for influence. The Chagos Archipelago contains Diego Garcia, the largest of 58 islands and home to a joint U.K.-U.S. military base strategically positioned about halfway between East Africa and Southeast Asia. Diego Garcia is of huge importance to U.S. security interests in the Indo-Pacific. It allows surveillance of the Middle East and was critical to air operations during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. [...] Chagossians were brought to the archipelago as enslaved people from Africa and indentured laborers from India (another system of forced labor) by Britain and France, the latter of which ceded Chagos to the U.K. more than 200 years ago. A British government memo at the time of the expulsion dismissed the islanders as "some few Tarzans or Man Fridays whose origins are obscure."
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Agreement between the Republic of Mauritius and the United Kingdom on the Status of the Chagos Archipelago [...] The United States welcomes today's historic agreement between the Republic of Mauritius and the United Kingdom on the status of the Chagos Archipelago. The United States has strongly supported negotiations between the two countries over the past two years and is pleased to see the successful outcome of this diplomatic effort. Under the terms of the new agreement, the United Kingdom will agree that Mauritius is sovereign over the Chagos Archipelago, including Diego Garcia, site of a joint U.S.-UK military facility. In turn, the UK will exercise the sovereign rights and authorities of Mauritius with respect to Diego Garcia in accordance with the terms of the agreement. This agreement will secure the operational future of the joint U.S.-UK military facility on Diego Garcia into the next century. Diego Garcia plays a vital role in U.S. efforts to establish regional and global security, respond to crises, counter to some of the most challenging security threats of our time.
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): The UK Government has confirmed today (Thursday 3 October) that it has reached a political agreement on the exercise of sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago. Today’s political agreement is subject to the finalisation of a treaty. Under the terms of this treaty the United Kingdom will agree that Mauritius is sovereign over the Chagos Archipelago, including Diego Garcia. For an initial period of 99 years, the United Kingdom will be authorised to exercise, with respect to Diego Garcia, the sovereign rights and authorities of Mauritius required to ensure the continued operation of the existing base on Diego Garcia well into the next century. [...] I would like to reassure you that the legal and historical contexts of the Chagos Archipelago and the Falkland Islands are very different. UK Ministers have been very clear throughout the process that the UK will not agree to anything that runs the risk of jeopardising sovereignty in other Overseas Territories.
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): The UK Government has reached a political agreement to allow Mauritius to take sovereignty over the Chagos Islands. The historic agreement struck this week means Mauritius will assume sovereignty over the archipelago while the joint US-UK military base remains on Diego Garcia island. [...] Chagos archipelago is a strategic point in the Indian Ocean between Africa and India, which is why it is a useful spot for nations seeking regional influence.
Claim: Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom (Chagos Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-26): The United Nations has decided that the sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago lies with Mauritius. The United Kingdom and the United States believe that the UN’s views on the matter are inappropriate. Mauritius says that UK will further isolate itself on the international scene by holding on to the islands. [...] In February 2020, the United Nations published an updated world map where the Chagos Archipelago is clearly depicted as part of Mauritius and no longer as ‘British Indian Ocean Territory’ which is how the UK government continues to refer to the archipelago. [...] "In the context of the dispute between Mauritius and its former colonial master, it is very important that the UN insisted that the Chagos Archipelago is a Mauritian territory," he said.