copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2024-03-08): The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 induces neutralizing antibodies and is the key component of current COVID-19 vaccines. The most efficacious COVID-19 vaccines are genetically-encoded spikes with a double proline substitution in the hinge region to stabilize S in the prefusion conformation (S-2P). A subunit vaccine can be a valuable addition to mRNA and viral vector-based vaccines but requires high stability of spike. In addition, further stabilization of the prefusion conformation of spike might improve immunogenicity. To test this, five spike proteins were designed and characterized, ranging from low to high stability. The immunogenicity of these proteins was assessed in mice, demonstrating that a spike (S-closed-2) with a high melting temperature, which still allowed ACE2 binding, induced the highest neutralization titers against homologous and heterologous strains (up to 16-fold higher than the least stabilized spike). In contrast, the most stable spike variant (S-locked), in which the receptor binding domains (RBDs) were locked in a closed conformation and thus not able to breathe, induced relatively low neutralizing antibody titers against heterologous strains. These data demonstrate that S protein stabilization with RBDs exposing highly conserved epitopes may be needed to increase the immunogenicity of spike proteins for future COVID-19 vaccines.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2023-07-31): A number of reports have flagged that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may be toxic even on its own -- say if released as debris from a shattered viral particle. Contact with the spike protein appears to damage endothelial cells, which line every blood vessel in our body, including hundreds of billions in our lungs. If spike proteins are toxic, wouldn't a vaccine that causes our cells to make them be toxic, too? Could the mRNA vaccines directed at SARS-CoV-2 trigger a deluge of that protein into the bloodstream, where it could wreak havoc with heavily vascularized organs such as the heart, intestine and, of course, lungs? [...] Recall that the COVID-19 vaccine's cargo is a bunch of mRNA strands that, once safely inside a cell, direct the production of a whole lot of a single substance: the spike protein. Once produced inside a vaccine-recipient cell, it has no escape accomplices (the other components of the viral structure) to latch onto, because the cell isn't making them. So, it has no dependable passage out of the cell. Instead, Davis told me, the vast majority of vaccine-induced spike proteins float or are carried, either intact or sawed into snippets by enzymes inside the cell, to the cell's outer membrane. There they get stuck, right where the immune system can most easily spot them and mount a coordinated response.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2023-03-14): Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis - PMID: 36597886 - PMCID: PMC10010667 - DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061025 Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis [...] Response by Yonker et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis".Circulation. 2023 Sep 12;148(11):910-911. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065629. Epub 2023 Sep 11. Circulation. 2023. PMID: 37695829 No abstract available.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2021-01-01): The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid production of vaccines aimed at the production of neutralizing antibodies against the COVID-19 spike protein required for the corona virus binding to target cells. The best well-known vaccines have utilized either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to direct human cells to produce the spike protein against which the body produces mostly neutralizing antibodies. However, recent reports have raised some skepticism as to the biologic actions of the spike protein and the types of antibodies produced. One paper reported that certain antibodies in the blood of infected patients appear to change the shape of the spike protein so as to make it more likely to bind to cells, while other papers showed that the spike protein by itself (without being part of the corona virus) can damage endothelial cells and disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These findings may be even more relevant to the pathogenesis of long-COVID syndrome that may affect as many as 50% of those infected with SARS-CoV-2. In COVID-19, a response to oxidative stress is required by increasing anti-oxidant enzymes. In this regard, it is known that polyphenols are natural anti-oxidants with multiple health effects. [...] Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Mar;59(3):1850-1861. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0. Epub 2022 Jan 13. Mol Neurobiol. 2022. PMID: 35028901 Free PMC article. Review. [...] Adenovirus Vaccine Containing Truncated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit Leads to a Specific Immune Response in Mice.Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 13;11(2):429. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020429. Vaccines (Basel). 2023. PMID: 36851306 Free PMC article.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2022-07-01): The spike hypothesis in vaccine-induced adverse effects: questions and answers - PMID: 36114089 - PMCID: PMC9494717 - DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.07.009 [...] Trougakos and colleagues recently discussed the role of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine-induced spike (S) protein in adverse effects following vaccination [1]. We would like hereafter to answer one of their outstanding questions requiring response to improve efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, and to propose an additional question along with its possible answer. [...] Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis.Trends Mol Med. 2022 Jul;28(7):542-554. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007. Epub 2022 Apr 21. Trends Mol Med. 2022. PMID: 35537987 Free PMC article. Review.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2023-08-02): Hundreds of millions of COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered safely in the United States in the last six months. There is no evidence to indicate that the spike proteins generated by human cells following vaccination are a toxin or that they circulate in the body and damage tissues, contrary to what a Canadian virus immunologist recently claimed. All of the COVID-19 vaccines currently approved in the United States are designed to instruct human cells to make harmless spike proteins — mimicking a viral protein that’s used by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to enter cells. When the immune system recognizes the proteins, which aren’t normally there, it starts generating antibodies and building an immune response against them. The process prepares the body against future infection. [...] There is no evidence that the spike protein in vaccines "is toxic or that it lingers at any toxic level in the body after vaccination," an FDA spokesperson told us in an email.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2023-02-08): The rapid development and emergency approval of mRNA-based vaccines have proven instrumental in reducing disease severity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccines consist of liposomally protected mRNA transcripts that encode the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein — the protein that mediates entry of the virus into host cells via the receptor ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). In rare cases (about 2 per 100,000), people develop myocarditis after vaccination; the frequency is relatively higher in young male patients. Previous studies have hypothesized that this may be due to an excessive immune response in genetically predisposed participants; the effect of hormones — specifically testosterone — in altering T cell immune response; or potential molecular mimicry between spike protein and endogenous antigens that elicits cardiac-targeted autoantibodies. However, the immunopathological causes of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination remain unclear.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2023-05-03): No scientific evidence supports McCullough’s claim that the spike protein exposure induced by COVID-19 vaccination is toxic, as Health Feedback explained in earlier reviews. As others did before, McCullough misinterpreted the results of studies that evaluated the effect of the viral spike protein, not the one induced by vaccination. [...] After spending the interview enumerating the wide range of harmful effects that COVID-19 vaccines allegedly cause, McCullough talked about a dietary supplement supposedly capable of countering them all. This supplement contained nattokinase, an enzyme that was first isolated from a traditional Japanese dish called natto and made of fermented soybeans. [...] No evidence suggests that the spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccination is toxic. McCullough’s claims that COVID-19 vaccines caused a rise in mortality and medical conditions are also unsupported by scientific evidence. Instead, studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective at preventing severe COVID-19 and death.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2024-04-12): Nattokinase can be described as an enzyme extracted and purified from a Japanese food identified as Natto [69]. The production of natto takes place via fermentation following the addition of the bacterium Bacillus natto to soybeans, resulting in the production of the nattokinase enzyme [63]. Nattokinase has been demonstrated to exert several health effects, including anti-atherosclerotic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, fibrinolytic, neuroprotective, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant effects [68]. The degradative effect of nattokinase, a serine protease derived from fermented soybeans, on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was reported [64]. Studies have been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of nattokinase against viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 [69]. The effect of Nattokinasse against COVID-19 spike protein has also been tested by several authors. As reported by Tanikawa et al., (2022), nattokinase could degrade the spike protein and reduce its binding affinity to the human ACE2 receptor, which is the entry point for SARS-CoV-2 infection [64]. They also found that nattokinase could inhibit the pseudovirus infection of human lung epithelial cells. The authors suggest that nattokinase may have potential as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by neutralizing or removing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2023-04-19): I had almost no reaction to the vaccine itself other than a slightly sore arm (similar to my experience with previous rounds of covid vaccines). But several days later I started to feel horrible, similar to how I was the previous summer/fall 2022, and it got progressively worse. After looking it up, we learned that the vaccine contains mRNA for some of the subunits of the spike protein including the S1 subunit. There's experimental evidence that the S1 subunit triggers formation of microclots. So by getting vaccinated, I filled my blood vessels with the S1 subunit, causing these abnormal microclots and inflammation (vasculitis is a term that's been popping up in the long covid literature and on twitter), which reset the clock back 8+ months for me to clear out the spike protein subunit.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2024-04-18): In the early dark days, I improved modestly by learning to regulate water and salt and taking Florinef and learning how to pace my exertion. After my POTS and overall circulation condition worsened after the COVID vaccine, a prescription for midodrine, a blood pressure medication, reversed that decline and restored some functioning. But the biggest improvement came after my September 2022 COVID infection when I went on the Nattokinase anti-clotting protocol used by people with long COVID. [...] We also used scanning electron microscopy where the addition of spike protein caused numerous clot formations. And if you look at the micrograph on the right, you could see our healthy sample, a COVID sample, and the healthy sample at the top. And where we expose it to spike protein, where we found numerous clots in a microfluidics system. We are going to explore this more with the Max Planck's system that is being delivered to us last year from Martin Kraeter's group. [...] Resia Pretorius: So, I can just mention what patients have been telling me anecdotally. When they go onto anticoagulants and some even go on to Nattokinase and Serrapeptase, which are enzymes, which are over-the-counter enzymes that break down clots, many of them use the term that they feel toxic for a few days. So that they actually feel as if they're back into acute phase COVID.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2024-01-29): Karatas M, Tatar E, Simsek C, Yıldırım AM, Ari A, Zengel B, et al. Covid-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: A promising treatment algorithm in the absence of a disease-specific drug. J Med Virol (2021) 93(No.10):5789–97. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27110 7. Momi S, Canino J, Vismara M, Galgano L, Falcinelli E, Guglielmini G, et al. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase pyk2 regulates deep vein thrombosis. Haematologica (2022) 107(No.6):1374–83. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279703 8. Merad M, Martin JC. Pathological inflammation in patients with covid-19: A key role for monocytes and macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol (2020) 20(6):355–62. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4 9. Whyte CS, Mostefai HA, Baeten KM, Lucking AJ, Newby DE, Booth NA, et al. Role of shear stress and tpa concentration in the fibrinolytic potential of thrombi. Int J Mol Sci (2021) 22(No.4):2115. doi: 10.3390/ijms22042115 10. Wu H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xu F, Chen J, Duan L, et al. Breaking the vicious loop between inflammation, oxidative stress and coagulation, a novel anti-thrombus insight of nattokinase by inhibiting lps-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Redox Biol (2020) 32:101500. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101500 11.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2024-08-06): The SARS CoV-2 spike protein, either originating from the virus or coded within the cells from the synthetic mRNAs, is distributed throughout the immune system via exosomes to manifest as disease symptoms, especially towards causing cardiological diseases, including myocarditis, pericarditis, peri-myocarditis and myocardial infarction.15–17 The similarities between the pathophysiological mechanisms causing disease in long COVID and mRNA vaccination injuries are described briefly in later sections in relation to the plausible therapeutic activities of lutein. [...] In this regard, a related in silico docking study46 points to lutein’s synergistic interaction with another phenolic compound, quercetin. The study predicts that, by binding to different spike protein structural locations, the combination of quercetin and lutein can enhance the destabilization of spike on the ACE2 interface. Moreover, it has been shown that quercetin exerts anti-COVID-19 activity by inhibiting the expression of ACE2 receptors.141 Curcumin, another highly lipophilic phytochemical, was shown in an in silico study to also have potentially inhibitory properties against the spike protein of the new SARS-CoV-2 variants.142 Curcumin can thus act synergistically with lutein. Quercetin, curcumin, and lutein all have anti-inflammatory properties that prompted this investigation into potential synergistic activities against post-COVID and mRNA vaccination injuries. Moreover, quercetin and curcumin have been considered as natural potential therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection.141,143 In addition, bromelain, another naturally derived potent anti-inflammatory and proteolytic molecule, can be used synergistically with the aforementioned compounds to enhance the anti-inflammatory response.144 Finally, the fibrinolytic enzyme nattokinase can be used in conjunction with lutein, as it has recently been shown to effectively degrade the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.145
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2023-09-21): SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has spike protein on its surface and uses it to enter cells. The COVID-19 vaccines approved or authorized in the U.S. either contain spike protein or instruct a person’s cells to make spike protein. The immune system mounts a response to the spike protein, better preparing it to recognize and respond to the virus if it encounters it in the future. [...] McCullough and co-authors theorized in their article that their regimen can target the spike protein based on studies in which researchers found that nattokinase or natto extract could degrade spike proteins or pieces of them. Nattokinase is derived from natto, a food made from fermented soybeans. The studies were done in vitro, meaning they were done in lab dishes. They did not show whether nattokinase can degrade the spike protein in humans, nor even in animals. [...] Tanikawa, Takashi et al. "Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2." Molecules. 24 Aug 2023.
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2023-05-17): Uversky, V.N.; Redwan, E.M.; Makis, W.; Rubio-Casillas, A. IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Vaccines 2023, 11, 991. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050991 Uversky VN, Redwan EM, Makis W, Rubio-Casillas A. IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. 2023; 11(5):991. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050991 Chicago/Turabian StyleUversky, Vladimir N., Elrashdy M. Redwan, William Makis, and Alberto Rubio-Casillas. 2023. "IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein" Vaccines 11, no. 5: 991. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050991
Claim: The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects (Peter McCullough, 2023-04-22)
Evidence (2021-08-27): The spike protein found on the surface of Covid-19 virus cells causes changes to cells in the small blood vessels of the heart, according to early findings presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress. [...] There is some previous evidence to suggest that following Covid-19 illness, the spike protein can remain in the bloodstream after the virus has gone and travel far from the site of infection. This research could help explain and ultimately treat some of the effects of severe Covid-19 infection, where levels of the virus are particularly high. [...] Being fully vaccinated against Covid-19 means that your immune system will rapidly produce antibodies against the spike protein if it encounters the virus. These antibodies will work to neutralise any circulating spike protein.
Claim: Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19 (Social media users, 2024-02-19)
Evidence (2024-02-19): No medical intervention, including vaccines, is entirely free of risk. While COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a risk of certain health problems, including myocarditis and a particular type of blood clot, COVID-19 is associated with a much greater risk of developing cardiovascular, neurological, and hematological disorders compared to the vaccines. Getting vaccinated reduces the risk of severe disease and death. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh their risks.
Claim: Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19 (Social media users, 2024-02-19)
Evidence (2024-02-26): BMJ 2024; 384 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q488 (Published 26 February 2024) Cite this as: BMJ 2024;384:q488The largest vaccine safety study to date has identified two new, but very rare, side effects associated with covid-19 vaccines—transverse myelitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The Global Vaccine Data Network cohort study included 99 million vaccinated people from 10 sites across eight countries. Researchers compared the observed with expected rate for 13 neurological, blood, and heart related medical conditions. [...] The Global Covid Vaccine Safety Project is funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to allow the comparison of the safety of vaccines across diverse global populations.
Claim: Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19 (Social media users, 2024-02-19)
Evidence (2024-05-03): Despite the global success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, concerns remain around the continued spread of this disease including in vaccinated individuals. For this reason, researchers at the Oxford Vaccine Group conducted an extensive investigation into the human immune response to COVID-19, in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Employing contemporary 'big-data' analyses, scientists can find novel associations between fundamental biological entities and indicators of the severity of a disease — to build patterns of health and disease. Results of this study categorically show a reduction in indicators of disease severity in those who had received the vaccine, demonstrating that the harmful inflammatory reaction to COVID-19 is less severe in those who have been vaccinated, when compared with those who haven’t. Professor Daniel O'Connor, Head of Bioinformatics at the Oxford Vaccine Group (OVG), led the study. He said: 'These results confirm the efficacy of vaccination and its pivotal role in reducing the harmful consequences associated with COVID-19. The results of our research highlight the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine's ability to modulate harmful responses to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and therefore to reduce the severity of illness. The implications of these findings are far-reaching, offering evidence that is fundamental to future vaccine development and pandemic mitigation strategies. It also provides valuable guidance for policymakers and public health experts.'