copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2021-12-17): "Their analysis revealed a clear overlap between the effects of wireless communication technologies on the human body and the symptomatology of COVID-19 disease," a blog post on the paper said. "In other words, the electromagnetic radiation from wireless technologies, including and especially 5G, can cause the same symptoms as COVID-19!" [...] A blog post claims that a study found clear evidence that 5G technologies can cause COVID-19 symptoms. [...] GQ, Here's the Bonkers Conspiracy Theory Blaming 5G for the Coronavirus, Apr. 7, 2020
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2021-08-07): There’s no connection between the coronavirus and 5G wireless technology, or between the delta variant and a technology company called Delta — other than the word "delta," which is also the name of an airline, a faucet brand and a hotel chain. [...] The Conversation, "No, 5G radiation doesn’t cause or spread the coronavirus. Saying it does is destructive," April 7, 2020 [...] The Verge, "Why the 5G coronavirus conspiracy theories don’t make sense," April 9, 2020
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2020-08-26): A post is spreading on Facebook that contains screenshots of and a link to a scientific paper, which claims that "5G millimeter waves could be absorbed by dermatologic cells acting like antennas, transferred to other cells and play the main role in producing Coronaviruses in biological cells". [...] Vitally, there is no evidence that 5G has anything to do with Covid-19, or is harmful to humans. Covid-19 is caused by a virus that invades cells and takes over their machinery to replicate. It has nothing to do with radio waves, which are what 5G is (and what 4G and 3G were before it).
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2020-04-07): A conspiracy theory claiming 5G can spread the coronavirus is making the rounds on social media. The myth supposedly gained traction when a Belgian doctor linked the "dangers" of 5G technology to the virus during an interview in January. [...] Actor Woody Harrelson and singer Keri Hilson have both shared content with fans suggesting a link between 5G and COVID-19. [...] 5G radiation can’t penetrate skin, or allow a virus to penetrate skin. There is no evidence 5G radio frequencies cause or exacerbate the spread of the coronavirus.
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2020-04-23): What does 5G have to do with coronavirus? [...] What does 5G have to do with COVID19? [...] One version of the theory falsely claims the symptoms of coronavirus are a result of radiation from the 5G network, another claims the virus is a natural infection made worse by 5G, and yet another that the entire pandemic is a hoax designed to distract people from the installation of the 5G network.
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2020-07-16): RETRACTED: 5G Technology and induction of coronavirus in skin cells - PMID: 32668870 - DOI: 10.23812/20-269-E-4 [...] RETRACTED: 5G Technology and induction of coronavirus in skin cells.J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020 Jul 16;34(4). doi: 10.23812/20-269-E-4R. Online ahead of print. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020. PMID: 32746604 [...] RETRACTED: 5G Technology and induction of coronavirus in skin cells.J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020 Jul 16;34(4). doi: 10.23812/20-269-E-4R. Online ahead of print. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020. PMID: 32746604 -
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2024-10-09): There is no scientific basis of any relation between the transmission of the coronavirus and 4G or 5G or any other electromagnetic waves.
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2024-09-07): No. Viruses can only spread between living beings and can't travel on radio waves and mobile networks. Most often, this myth calls out 5G mobile networks. But the COVID-19 virus has spread in many countries that lack 5G mobile networks. Avoiding exposure to or use of 5G networks doesn't prevent infection with the COVID-19 virus.
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2020-11-13): Most recently, there have been claims linking 5G networks to COVID-19. There is no scientific basis for these claims. This is supported by the:
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2020-06-14): For all its promise, the rollout of 5G has also been fraught with rumors and conspiracy theories — most recently, a narrative spread on social media that the wireless network technology fueled the coronavirus pandemic. While baseless, the theory gained such prominence that social media platforms were forced to take action to stop its spread after a string of cell towers were set on fire. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency responded to the rumor saying, "5G technology does NOT cause coronavirus," and UK government officials called it a "crackpot conspiracy." [...] But such theories are not new; concerns about 5G’s effects on health were spreading even before coronavirus. Experts say these fears, too, are unfounded.
Claim: 5G generates coronavirus in human skin cells (Massimo Fioranelli, Alireza Sepehri, 2020-07-29)
Evidence (2020-07-27): But this paper is a whole other level. The paper entitled "5G Technology and induction of coronavirus in skin cells" was published in a PubMed-indexed journal (which is supposed to be a mark of credibility) trying to argue that SARS-CoV-2 can spontaneous generate in human skin cells due to exposure to 5G. The article has since been withdrawn due to its obvious flaws, but you can see an archived version here. [...] 5G affects skin cells. COVID-19 affects skin cells, therefore COVID-19 and 5G have similar effects. DNA (which is inside skin cells) has a coil-like structure and is electrically charged. Inductors (coiled wire that can store energy when electricity passes through it) are also coil-shaped, therefore DNA is an inductor. As an inductor, DNA absorbs the 5G and then makes new electromagnetic waves that are DNA-shaped — not the shape of the DNA coils, mind you, but the shape of individual DNA molecules (bases). These DNA base-shaped waves punch DNA base-shaped holes in the liquid inside the cell. To fill these holes, a new DNA base is made, because it is the right shape. These individual DNA.. sorry, I mean RNA bases magically join together in exactly the right order to form the 30,000 RNA base-long coronavirus genome. For this to work, the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation has to be smaller than the size of a cell. Also, btw, 5G is capable of killing every living thing except some forms of microorganisms. It causes 720 (factorial) diseases.
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2018-07-08): This article falsely attributes quotes to NASA climate scientist James Hansen, when these statements are actually the opinions of others. It also misrepresents 1988 projections of global warming produced by Hansen and his colleagues, which were, in reality, accurate.
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2020-01-01): CLAIM: ‘Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong [...] a new study that compares real-world data to the original Scenario B model — finding no correlation — has received Hansen’s backing, with the "Father of global warming" admitting he is "devastated" by the way his data has been used by climate alarmists. [...] The article expands on this by claiming that the inaccurate analysis "has received Hansen’s backing", and that Hansen admitted he was "‘devastated’ by the way his data has been used by climate alarmists". No source is provided for these statements. The headline of the Western Journal commentary claimed "Father of Global Warming’s Theory Devastated by Actual Data", but there is no quote in which Hansen supports this claim. [...] So the other statement attributed to Hansen by the NewsPunch and Principia Scientific article—that he "finally admits theory is wrong"—is also invented, as Hansen did not say this.
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2019-11-25): I asked the Australian climate scientist Tom Wigley what he thought of the claim that climate change threatens civilization. "It really does bother me because it’s wrong," he said. "All these young people have been misinformed. And partly it’s Greta Thunberg’s fault. Not deliberately. But she’s wrong."
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2024-09-02): In 1938 Guy Stewart Callendar attempted to revive Arrhenius's greenhouse-effect theory. Callendar presented evidence that both temperature and the CO2 level in the atmosphere had been rising over the past half-century, and he argued that newer spectroscopic measurements showed that the gas was effective in absorbing infrared in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, most scientific opinion continued to dispute or ignore the theory.[50] [...] Such media coverage heralding the coming of a new ice age resulted in beliefs that this was the consensus among scientists, despite this not being reflected by the scientific literature. As it became apparent that scientific opinion was in favor of global warming, the public began to express doubt over how trustworthy the science was.[59] The argument that scientists were wrong about global cooling, so therefore may be wrong about global warming has been called "the "Ice Age Fallacy" by Time author Bryan Walsh.[79] [...] - ^ Powell, James Lawrence (20 November 2019). "Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming". Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society. 37 (4): 183–184. doi:10.1177/0270467619886266. S2CID 213454806. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2016-04-14): Father Of Global Warming Admits: It Used To Be Hotter Than It Is Now [...] James Hansen, the famed NASA scientist who stirred the climate scare when in 1988 he told a Senate committee that "global warming" -- yes, he used those words -- "is already happening now," has never backed off his claims, despite the fact that he's been demonstrably wrong. No one this side of Al Gore has had a larger impact on trafficking in fear and trying so hard to sow panic. [...] Hansen has even admitted this.
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2018-06-26): Much of the press coverage hinged not so much Hansen’s prescience—that is old news—but on increasing hostility in the United States to scientific observations, and the actions they might suggest. The Associated Press’s Seth Borenstein noted that "America’s political climate may have changed more than the Earth’s over the past three decades." As late as 2008 the Republican Party platform called for action against climate change; today, the U.S. administration has exorcised those very words from web sites and we are the sole nation on the planet to withdraw from the Paris climate accords. Predictably, the Wall Street Journal marked the anniversary with an opinion piece by two associates of the libertarian Cato Institute claiming that Hansen, and all the major scientific bodies of the world including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have been wrong all along. "It’s time to acknowledge that the rapid warming he predicted hasn’t happened," they write. Their recommendation for action: "a lukewarm policy, consistent with a lukewarming planet." [...] James Hansen wishes he wasn’t so right about global warming Associated Press
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2024-02-20): "There is no cohesive, consistent alternative theory to human-caused global warming," Nuccitelli concluded in a commentary published August 25, 2015, in the Guardian. "Some blame global warming on the sun, others on orbital cycles of other planets, others on ocean cycles, and so on. There is a 97% expert consensus on a cohesive theory that's overwhelmingly supported by the scientific evidence, but the 2–3% of papers that reject that consensus are all over the map, even contradicting each other. The one thing they seem to have in common is methodological flaws like cherry picking, curve fitting, ignoring inconvenient data, and disregarding known physics." For example, one skeptical paper attributed climate change to lunar or solar cycles, but to make these models work for the 4,000-year period that the authors considered, they had to throw out 6,000 years' worth of earlier data.
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2020-01-01): The article expands on this by claiming that the inaccurate analysis "has received Hansen’s backing", and that Hansen admitted he was "‘devastated’ by the way his data has been used by climate alarmists". No source is provided for these statements. The headline of the Western Journal commentary claimed "Father of Global Warming’s Theory Devastated by Actual Data", but there is no quote in which Hansen supports this claim. The only Hansen quote in any of these articles is taken from an article published by the Associated Press, which was titled "James Hansen wishes he wasn’t so right about global warming". In this article, Hansen says, "I don’t want to be right in that sense," in the context of his accurate projections of the warming that has now occurred. So the other statement attributed to Hansen by the NewsPunch and Principia Scientific article—that he "finally admits theory is wrong"—is also invented, as Hansen did not say this.
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2009-06-29): Hansen, who is sixty-eight, has greenish eyes, sparse brown hair, and the distracted manner of a man who’s just lost his wallet. (In fact, he frequently misplaces things, including, on occasion, his car.) Thirty years ago, he created one of the world’s first climate models, nicknamed Model Zero, which he used to predict most of what has happened to the climate since. Sometimes he is referred to as the "father of global warming," and sometimes as the grandfather. Hansen has now concluded, partly on the basis of his latest modelling efforts and partly on the basis of observations made by other scientists, that the threat of global warming is far greater than even he had suspected. Carbon dioxide isn’t just approaching dangerous levels; it is already there. Unless immediate action is taken—including the shutdown of all the world’s coal plants within the next two decades—the planet will be committed to change on a scale society won’t be able to cope with. "This particular problem has become an emergency," Hansen said.
Claim: Father of Global Warming’ Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong (Baxter Dmitry, 2018-07-08)
Evidence (2009-05-01): We would like to apologize to our loyal readers who have provided us so much support since we first went online in December 2004. However, after listening to the compelling arguments of the distinguished speakers who participated in the Heartland Institute’s recent global warming contrarian conference, we have decided that the science is settled — in favor of the contrarians. Indeed, even IPCC chair Rajendra Pachauri has now admitted that anthropogenic climate change was a massive hoax after all. Accordingly, RealClimate no longer has a reason for existence. The contrarians have made a convincing case that (a) global warming isn’t happening, (b) even if it is, its entirely natural and within the bounds of natural variability, (c) well, even if its not natural, it is modest in nature and not a threat, (d) even if anthropogenic warming should turn out to be pronounced as projected, it will sure be good for us, leading to abundant crops and a healthy environment, and (e) well, it might actually be really bad, but hey, its unstoppable anyway. (Can we get our check now?) [...] However, after listening to the compelling arguments of the distinguished speakers who participated in the Heartland Institute’s recent global warming contrarian conference, we have decided that the science is settled — in favor of the contrarians. Indeed, even IPCC chair Rajendra Pachauri has now admitted that anthropogenic climate change was a massive hoax after all.
Claim: "Cat parasite" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels (Chervin Jafarieh, Social media user, 2024-06-06)
Evidence (2024-06-06): Toxoplasmosis is caused by an infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite is most commonly found in contaminated food (especially raw and undercooked meat), but it can also be found in cat feces. Most T. gondii infections in people with healthy immune systems are asymptomatic and resolve on their own within a few weeks or months. Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach and often called the “hunger hormone”. There is currently no evidence supporting an association between toxoplasmosis and increased ghrelin hormone levels.
Claim: "Cat parasite" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels (Chervin Jafarieh, Social media user, 2024-06-06)
Evidence (2016-11-28): Up to 50 percent of global population is infected by the 'cat parasite' Toxoplasma gondii, and in some areas, the infection rate is as high as 95 percent. Unless you get tested, there's no way of knowing that you're infected, but it's been associated with a number of mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. [...] For the uninitiated, Toxoplasma is a cat-borne parasite that causes Toxoplasmosis - a disease that is considered 'asymptomatic' in most healthy people, but can lead to a range of other disorders in those with compromised immune systems, such as pregnant women and the elderly.
Claim: "Cat parasite" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels (Chervin Jafarieh, Social media user, 2024-06-06)
Evidence (2018-07-27): You’ve almost certainly heard about Toxoplasma gondii before, the dreaded cat poop parasite that’s infected roughly 2 billion people around the world and famously makes mice unafraid of cats. Researchers have found evidence suggesting Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans is responsible for everything from depression and suicide, to impulsive and aggressive actions, to maybe even some forms of psychosis. And perhaps those bits of research give some clue as to why we’re now seeing headlines about a new study published Wednesday in Proceedings of the Royal Society B suggesting this parasite promotes entrepreneurship. [...] For the uninitiated, Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that gets excreted in cat feces and has been shown to infect virtually any warm blooded animal that comes into close contact, although the parasites can only reproduce in felines. The parasite has been shown to alter rodent behavior by making them less risk-averse. Infected mice will spend more time exploring mazes, and are even attracted to cat urine—behaviors that greatly raise the chances of being attacked and eaten by a predator. Infected animals also develop cysts in their brains that alter levels of certain neurotransmitters and hormones, resulting in higher levels of dopamine, serotonin, testosterone, and other signaling molecules that reduce fear in rodents and presumably affect judgement, personality, and mental health in any infected hosts.
Claim: "Cat parasite" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels (Chervin Jafarieh, Social media user, 2024-06-06)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Cats are generally asymptomatic while shedding toxoplasma oocysts (Dubey and Prowell, 2013), although diarrhoea has been reported in some cases (Dubey and Prowell, 2013; Deksne et al., 2013) and experimentally infected cats (Lin et al., 1992). T. gondii oocysts were detected by PCR in 1% of 1,088 and 1.2% of 289 faecal samples from diarrhoeic cats (Paris et al., 2014; Paul and Stayt, 2019). Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis was due to toxoplasmosis in two cats (Peterson et al., 1991). Toxoplasmosis was suspected to cause eosinophilic fibrosing gastritis in one case report (McConnell et al., 2007). Diarrhoea was reported in 4 cats with clinical toxoplasmosis (Bastan and Bas, 2018). [...] Preventing toxoplasmosis in cats involves measures intended to reduce the incidence of infections and the shedding of oocysts into the environment. In order to avoid T. gondii infection, cats should preferably be fed commercially available, processed food, since heating destroys the parasite. The prevalence of feline T. gondii infection is usually higher in countries where cats are fed raw meat, although a study in Greece found no difference in antibody prevalence between cats which were fed raw meat and those which were not: the lack of difference was attributed to the habit of storing meat in the freezer in Greece (Sioutas et al., 2022). Freezing or irradiation can kill tissue cysts without affecting meat quality. If meat is fed to cats, it should be thoroughly cooked at temperatures of at least 64oC (Rani and Pradhan, 2021), even if previously frozen.
Claim: "Cat parasite" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels (Chervin Jafarieh, Social media user, 2024-06-06)
Evidence (2023-09-01): Toxoplasmosis is a common infection that you can catch from the poo of infected cats, or infected meat. It's usually harmless but can cause serious problems in some people. [...] The parasite that causes toxoplasmosis can be found in the poo of infected cats, and in undercooked meat. You can also catch it from soil that's been contaminated by cat poo.
Claim: "Cat parasite" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels (Chervin Jafarieh, Social media user, 2024-06-06)
Evidence (2024-08-23): Toxoplasmosis is a widespread infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, affecting both humans and animals around the globe. While cats are the definitive hosts of this parasite, meaning the parasite completes its life cycle in them, it's important to understand the implications for both feline and human health. Despite its prevalence, many cats with toxoplasmosis show no symptoms, but the infection can pose significant risks, especially to certain vulnerable groups. [...] In cats, toxoplasmosis is often asymptomatic, but when symptoms do occur, they may include fever, loss of appetite, and lethargy. In severe cases, especially in kittens or immunocompromised cats, the infection can lead to more serious issues like pneumonia, neurological symptoms, and even death. Humans infected with T. gondii are usually asymptomatic as well. However, the infection can cause flu-like symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes and muscle aches. For immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, the infection can be much more serious, leading to complications such as neurological damage or congenital toxoplasmosis in newborns, which can result in vision impairment or other long-term health problems.
Claim: "Cat parasite" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels (Chervin Jafarieh, Social media user, 2024-06-06)
Evidence (2020-11-01): Toxoplasma gondii and ovine toxoplasmosis: new aspects of an old story.Vet Parasitol. 2007 Oct 21;149(1-2):25-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.003. Epub 2007 Aug 7. Vet Parasitol. 2007. PMID: 17686585 Review.