copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is £4.72 per year, compared with £22.50 per person, per year in Ireland. (Arts Council NI, 2023-05-10)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Arts Council of Northern Ireland’s (ACNI) Chief Executive and Chair have said the reduction to the funding the Arts Council receives from government means there is not enough to meet their objectives and will affect those most in need. [...] Per capita, the arts in Northern Ireland receive £5.07, compared to its nearest competitor, Wales, at £10.51. Meanwhile, the arts council in the Republic of Ireland, An Chomhairle Ealaíon, receives four times more funding than ACNI, at £21.58 per capita, and has delivered initiatives such as a universal basic income for artists pilot.
Claim: Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is £4.72 per year, compared with £22.50 per person, per year in Ireland. (Arts Council NI, 2023-05-10)
Evidence (2022-03-02): According to the independent lobbying organisation, For the Arts, funding for arts and culture in the UK comes from four areas: earned income, national funding, local funding, and sponsorship and donations. Earned income is from tickets and purchased items at the venue. National funding is a combination of revenue from the UK budget plus some proceeds from the income from the National Lottery. Much national funding is distributed by geographical "arms-length bodies" (ALBs), such as the Arts Council of Northern Ireland (ACNI). Local funding comes from local authorities, which support festivals, arts events, and community arts programmes. Finally, many arts organisations, galleries, and museums rely on contributions from commercial sponsors or trusts, as well as individual donations and/or membership schemes. [...] Public funding for arts and culture in the UK comes from national and local government sources, through Grant-in-Aid and the National Lottery Distribution Fund, administered by geographically based arms-length bodies. The spend per head of population in Northern Ireland in 2017 was £6.06, compared to £12.39 in Scotland, £12.97 in England, and £13.29 in Wales. Northern Ireland public expenditure is between 45.6% and 48.9% of other UK regions.
Claim: Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is £4.72 per year, compared with £22.50 per person, per year in Ireland. (Arts Council NI, 2023-05-10)
Evidence (2024-02-19): Arts Council Northern Ireland (ACNI) has published its first 10-year strategy for public consultation. [...] "It is a regrettable truth that government investment in the arts sector in Northern Ireland has not always matched the incredible potential and impact it holds," says the foreword by Chair Liam Hannaway and Chief Executive Roisín McDonough. "Opportunities have been missed, and the growth of this wonderful sector has been hindered by a lack of adequate resources and recognition." Summarising the key issues facing the sector, the strategy notes that while "public investment in the arts has fallen by 28% in cash terms over the last decade, from £14.1m to £10.1m, closer to a 49% reduction when inflation is considered", Northern Ireland has the lowest levels of per capita government spending on the arts in the UK, receiving £5.07 PC (2023/24), in contrast with Wales at £10.51 (2023/24) and the Republic of Ireland at £21.90 (2022).
Claim: Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is £4.72 per year, compared with £22.50 per person, per year in Ireland. (Arts Council NI, 2023-05-10)
Evidence (2023-12-18): "Our Director of Arts Development @Gcampbellini & Director of Strategic Development & Partnerships @karlygreene highlight the disparity in arts funding (per capita, NI: £4.72; RoI: £22.50) at the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Tourism, Culture, Arts, Sport & Media." [...] It is also worth noting that central arts funding in Ireland also includes support for architecture, which is not the case in Northern Ireland. [...] At the time of the claim, Ireland’s per capita arts spending was £22.50, which is around 4.8 times larger than NI’s equivalent figure of £4.72, meaning the original claim was supported by evidence.
Claim: Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is £4.72 per year, compared with £22.50 per person, per year in Ireland. (Arts Council NI, 2023-05-10)
Evidence (2023-07-21): Arts Council NI, which funds creative practitioners and several art galleries, spoke out earlier this year to warn about the impact of the cuts, saying it would have to reduce the annual funding it offers by £1.3m, or 10%. [...] Northern Ireland’s culture sector already lags significantly behind neighbouring jurisdictions in terms of funding, with £4.72 currently allocated per head of the population, compared with £10.51 in Wales and £22.50 in the Republic of Ireland. [...] Brexit has also cut off many funding streams: Northern Ireland benefited significantly from EU schemes such as Creative Europe, as well as bespoke programmes to support the peace process and community cohesion. In spite of earlier promises, little has been replaced by the UK government.
Claim: Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is £4.72 per year, compared with £22.50 per person, per year in Ireland. (Arts Council NI, 2023-05-10)
Evidence (2017-01-01): Assistance to the arts other than literature began in 1947 when a Cultural Fund administered by the Department of Internal Affairs was instituted. The fund was used mainly to help talented young people to further their studies abroad by awarding bursaries to them to pay for travel and study. [...] The council recognises that local government has an important role to play in the arts. In pursuing a policy of regional development of the arts the council will, in assessing levels of subsidy, take into account the financial support organisations can attract from the public and from local government.
Claim: Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is £4.72 per year, compared with £22.50 per person, per year in Ireland. (Arts Council NI, 2023-05-10)
Evidence (2017-01-01): Assistance to the arts other than literature began in 1947 when a Cultural Fund administered by the Department of Internal Affairs was instituted. The fund was used mainly to help talented young people to further their studies abroad by awarding bursaries to them to pay for travel and study.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2016-01-01): This claim is accurate. This claim can be substantiated by numerous government surveys and reports. There has been further investigation by organisations in the United Kingdom to determine who is most affected, the causes behind non-compliance, and solutions for the problem.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2022-03-02): In their 2016 Assembly Election Manifesto, the SDLP claims that in 2015 nearly 1% of people in Northern Ireland earned less than the National Minimum Wage (NMW). This statistic can be found in a press release published by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (DETI) on 18 November 2015, where they state that "0.9% of jobs were paid below the National Minimum Wage in 2015." This rate is relatively on par with the rest of the UK, where that rate stood at 0.8% that year. [...] First of all, it is important to note that the same NMW does not apply to everyone. The deciding factor is age, with those over 21, between 18 – 21, and 16 – 17 having a guaranteed wage of £6.70, £5.30, and £3.87 per hour respectively. Apprentices under 19, or over 19 but in the first year of their program, are only guaranteed £3.30 per hour. There are many who remain exempt, particularly those who are self-employed, or are the directors of a company. People living and working in a religious community, share fishermen, and prisoners are among the other categories of individuals who do not fall under the NMW regulations. [...] The NIESR report concluded that women and younger workers are most likely to be underpaid. Apprentices have been singled out as the biggest single group that is most at risk, and consequently is in the greatest need of protection.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2018-12-13): Minimum wages deliver earnings gains for some workers. [...] Economists describe the effect of minimum wages using the employment elasticity, which is the ratio of the percentage change in employment to the percentage change in the legislated minimum wage. For example, a 10% increase in the minimum wage reduces employment of the affected group by 1% when the elasticity is −0.1 and by 3% when it is −0.3. [...] Nearly two-thirds of the studies reviewed estimated that the minimum wage had negative (although not always statistically significant) effects on employment. Only eight found positive employment effects. Of the 33 studies judged the most credible, 28, or 85%, pointed to negative employment effects. These included research on Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Portugal, the UK, and the US. In particular, the studies focusing on the least-skilled workers find stronger evidence of disemployment effects, with effects near or larger than the consensus range in the US data. In contrast, few—if any—studies provide convincing evidence of positive employment effects of minimum wages.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2021-01-30): MOST AMERICANS share President Joe Biden’s enthusiasm for increasing the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour from $7.25. Two-thirds of them—and more than 40% of Republicans—favour such a rise, according to Pew Research Centre, a polling firm. Economists, however, are more divided. When a panel of eminent scholars was asked in 2015 whether a $15 minimum would deal a substantial blow to employment, 40% of respondents were undecided, and the rest were split evenly for and against. There is an explanation for the indecision: the world has little experience of large minimum-wage rises, and they could cost an economy jobs. Yet history also suggests that such increases, implemented with care, may nonetheless have beneficial longer-term effects.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2024-07-05): In 2022, 1.3 percent of workers in the United States were paid hourly rates at or below the official minimum wage. This is a decrease from the previous year, when 1.4 percent of workers were paid at or below the official minimum wage. [...] Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Share of Wage and Salary Workers in The United States Paid Hourly Rates at or below The Prevailing Federal Minimum Wage from 1979 to 2022." Statista, Statista Inc., 1 Jan 2024, https://www.statista.com/statistics/188206/share-of-workers-paid-hourly-rates-at-or-below-minimum-wage-since-1979/ [...] Share of wage and salary workers in the United States paid hourly rates at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to 2022 [Graph], Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 1, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/188206/share-of-workers-paid-hourly-rates-at-or-below-minimum-wage-since-1979/
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2019-03-29): Age. Minimum wage workers tend to be young. Although workers under age 25 represented only about one-fifth of hourly paid workers, they made up just under half of those paid the federal minimum wage or less. Among employed teenagers (ages 16 to 19) paid by the hour, about 8 percent earned the minimum wage or less, compared with about 1 percent of workers age 25 and older. (See tables 1 and 7.) [...] Full- and part-time status. About 5 percent of part-time workers (people who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week) were paid the federal minimum wage or less, compared with about 1 percent of full-time workers. (See table 1.) [...] State of residence. The states with the highest percentages of hourly paid workers earning at or below the minimum wage were in the South: Louisiana (about 5 percent) and South Carolina (about 4 percent). In the District of Columbia, about 4 percent of workers were paid at or below the federal minimum. The states with the lowest percentages of hourly paid workers earning at or below the federal minimum wage were in the West or Midwest: Alaska, Minnesota, Oregon, and Washington (all were less than 1 percent). It should be noted that more than half of states have minimum wages that exceed the federal minimum. (See tables 2 and 3.)
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2014-09-08): Perhaps surprisingly, not very many people earn minimum wage, and they make up a smaller share of the workforce than they used to. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, last year 1.532 million hourly workers earned the federal minimum of $7.25 an hour; nearly 1.8 million more earned less than that because they fell under one of several exemptions (tipped employees, full-time students, certain disabled workers and others), for a total of 3.3 million hourly workers at or below the federal minimum. [...] They’re also more likely to live in the South than anywhere else – in part because only one southern state (Florida) has its own higher state minimum wage. In both the West South Central (Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana) and East South Central (Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee) regions, 6.3% of hourly workers make the federal minimum or less — the highest rates among the nine Census Bureau-defined regions. They were followed by the eight-state (plus D.C.) South Atlantic region, where 5.1% of hourly workers made the federal minimum or less. The lowest rate, 1.5%, was in the Pacific region – not surprising, given that four of the five states in that region (California, Oregon, Washington and Alaska) have their own, higher state minimums.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2018-05-31): 5. Wage theft is particularly acute in food and drink service, and restaurants across the country have been found to be in violation of wage and hour laws. It is true that the law requires restaurants to ensure that tipped workers receive at least the regular minimum wage when their tips are included, but the reality is that huge numbers of restaurants—helped by too-weak enforcement efforts—ignore these requirements. In investigations of over 9,000 restaurants, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) found that 84 percent of investigated restaurants were in violation of wage and hour laws, including nearly 1,200 violations of the requirement to bring tipped workers’ wages up to the minimum wage. Among the restaurants that were investigated, tipped workers were cheated out of nearly $5.5 million. Workers in the food and drink service industries are more likely to suffer minimum wage violations than workers in other industries. [...] Tipped workers in Hawaii may be paid $0.75 less than the regular minimum wage, but only if they earn a combined hourly wage (tips + base wage) of at least $7.00 more than the regular minimum wage.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2022-04-07): Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The percentage of hourly paid workers with wages at or below the federal minimum differed little among the major race and ethnicity groups. White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic workers each had about 1 percent of workers who earned the federal minimum wage or less. (See table 1.) [...] Full- and part-time status. About 3 percent of part-time workers (people who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week) were paid the federal minimum wage or less, compared with about 1 percent of full-time workers. (See table 1.) [...] State of residence. The states with the highest percentages of hourly paid workers earning at or below the federal minimum wage were mostly in the South. Compared with recent years, a relatively large number of states had less than 1 percent of hourly paid workers earning at or below the federal minimum wage: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Montana, Nevada, New York, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. It should be noted that more than half of all states have minimum wages that exceed the federal minimum. (See tables 2 and 3.)
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2016-04-18): In 2015, 78.2 million workers age 16 and older in the United States were paid at hourly rates, representing 58.5 percent of all wage and salary workers. Among those paid by the hour, 870,000 workers earned exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. About 1.7 million had wages below the federal minimum. Together, these 2.6 million workers with wages at or below the federal minimum made up 3.3 percent of all hourly paid workers. The percentage of hourly paid workers earning the prevailing federal minimum wage or less declined from 3.9 percent in 2014 to 3.3 percent in 2015. This remains well below the percentage of 13.4 recorded in 1979, when data for hourly-paid were first collected on a regular basis. (See table 10.) [...] Gender. Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2015, about 4 percent of women and about 3 percent of men had wages at or below the prevailing federal minimum. (See table 1.)
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2017-01-04): Less than half (45%) of the 2.6 million hourly workers who were at or below the federal minimum in 2015 were ages 16 to 24. An additional 23.3% are ages 25 to 34, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics; both shares have stayed more or less constant over the past decade. That 2.6 million represents less than 2% of all wage and salary workers. (See more about the demographics of minimum-wage workers.) [...] The restaurant/food service industry is the single biggest employer of near-minimum-wage workers. Our analysis also found that 3.75 million people making near-minimum wages (about 18% of the total) worked in that industry. Among near-minimum workers aged 30 and younger, about 2.5 million (or nearly a quarter of all near-minimum workers in that age bracket) work in restaurants or other food-service industries. But because many of those workers presumably are tipped, their actual gross pay may be above $10.10 an hour. (Federal law, as well as wage laws in many states, allows tipped employees to be paid less as long as "tip credits" bring their pay up to at least the applicable minimum.)
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2021-03-18): With the policy debate gridlocked, and the minimum wage frozen at $7.25 for nearly 12 years, real-life economic conditions for tens of millions of low-wage workers have deteriorated. [...] One recent report found that nearly 40 million Americans — 28% of the workforce — earn less than $15 an hour. Most are adults, and a disproportionate number are Black and Latinx workers. A $15-an-hour minimum wage would give full-time workers a minimum annual salary of about $31,000. [...] In an interview, Derenoncourt said that over 60% of nursing home workers in that earlier era were paid less than the newly set minimum wage — but the research found no evidence of significant job losses after it went into effect.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2024-07-26): In the same year, the number of women being paid below the federal minimum wage was nearly twice that of men. The share of employees earning hourly wages at or below the minimum can also vary greatly depending on their level of education. For example, there were around 376,000 wage and salary workers in the U.S. who graduated high school but did not attend college that were being paid hourly rates at or below minimum wage. Those who had attended some college but had not attained a degree also made up a considerable amount of the U.S. workforce paid rates at or below the minimum wage.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2022-05-26): According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2021, about 76 million workers aged 16 and older were paid hourly, representing 55.8% of all wage and salary workers. About 1.1 million or 1.4% of hourly paid workers are paid rates at or below the federal minimum wage[1]. [...] For the 2015 group, food preparation and service employment increased by an average of 3.8% the year after the minimum wage increased. That increase was 1.1 percentage points faster than the increase in food preparation and service employment in states that did not raise the minimum wage. [...] Workers that earn hourly wages below minimum wage include tipped employees, student-learners, and some individuals impaired by a mental or physical disability.
Claim: In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage. (Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), 2016-01-01)
Evidence (2023-02-12): Certain demographics have higher rates of minimum wage earners, including young people, women, and people without a college education. In 2021, 1.4% (1.1 million workers) of all hourly paid employees (76.1 million workers) earned federal minimum wage or less. Of those paid the federal minimum wage or less, 44% were under age 25, even though workers under 25 make up only about 20% of hourly-paid workers. 2% of women and 1% of men who earned hourly wages were paid federal minimum wage or less. Among hourly-paid workers aged 16 and older, 2% of workers with less than a bachelor’s degree and 1% of workers with a bachelor’s degree or higher made federal minimum wage or less. Some occupations also positively correlate with the minimum wage earning rate. Three percent of part-time workers were paid federal minimum wage or less compared to 1 percent of full-time workers. About 8% of workers in the leisure and hospitality industry and 75% of service workers make national minimum wage or less although their wages are often supplemented by tips. Therefore, raising the minimum wage will likely most significantly impact industries such as leisure and hospitality, service work, and other industries with a high proportion of part-time workers.