copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The United States' claim was made in the 19th century by James W. Jennett under the provisions of the Guano Islands Act. Most claims made by the U.S. over the guano islands in this region were officially renounced in a treaty with Colombia, dated September 1972. But whether or not Serranilla Bank was included in the agreement is disputed—there is no specific mention of the feature in the treaty and, as per Article 7 of the said treaty, only matters specifically mentioned in the document are subject to it. According to other records, as well as claims made within the ICJ, Colombia is recognised by the United States as having varying degrees of sovereignty over Serranilla Bank through the treaty of 1972, which took effect in September 1981. The U.S. considers the reef to be an unorganized, unincorporated United States territory. Honduras claims Serranilla Bank as part of its national territory in Article 10 of its Constitution. In 1986, it agreed upon a maritime boundary demarcation with Colombia that excluded Honduras of any control over the bank or its surrounding waters. The ratification of this boundary on 20 December 1999 proved to be controversial within Honduras, as it ensured that the state implicitly recognised Colombia's sovereignty over the claimed territory. Nicaragua, which has not resolved its maritime borders with Honduras or Colombia, disputed Honduras' legal right to hand over these areas before the ICJ. Despite the agreement with Colombia, however, the government has yet to officially renounce the claim in the Constitution.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-14): Bajo Nuevo Bank, also known as Petrel Islands (Spanish: Bajo Nuevo, Islas Petrel), is a group of uninhabited coral reefs and small islands inside the western Caribbean Sea. It is currently below the jurisdiction of the San Andrés and Providencia Department of Colombia, although Jamaica, Nicaragua, and the US additionally declare sovereignty over the place. On November 19, 2012, concerning Nicaragua's sovereignty claim over the islands, the International Court of Justice unanimously ruled that the Republic of Colombia has sovereignty over the Bajo Nuevo Bank and the Serranilla Bank. However, the judgment did not examine or mention competing claims from Honduras, and the United States still maintains claims to Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo Bank, both of which it considers unincorporated U.S. territories. [...] Territorial Dispute of Bajo Nuevo Bank - Five international locations assert sovereignty claims over Bajo Nuevo Bank: Jamaica, Colombia, Nicaragua, Honduras, and the USA.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): Serranilla Bank is a partially submerged reef, with small uninhabited islets, in the western Caribbean Sea. It is situated about 350 kilometers (220 mi) northeast of Punta Gorda, Nicaragua, and roughly 280 kilometers (170 mi) southwest of Jamaica. The closest neighboring land feature is Bajo Nuevo Bank, located 110 kilometers (68 mi) to the east. Obviously, no one lives on Serranilla Bank, and therefore should not need a flag, so this entire tab is basically empty due to that fact, however its actual flag is the exact same as Colombia's flag.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-02-18): Roncador Cay and Serrana Bank. The treaty was effective September 17, 1981.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-15): The reef was first shown on Dutch maps dating to 1634 but was given its present name in 1654. Bajo Nuevo was rediscovered by the English pirate John Glover in 1660. The reef is now subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Colombia and the United States. On 19 November 2012, in regard to Nicaraguan claims to the islands, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) found, unanimously, that the Republic of Colombia has sovereignty over both Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Banks, although the judgment does not analyze or mention the competing claims of Honduras or United States.[1] [...] Jamaica's claim has been resolved since entering into a number of bilateral agreements with Colombia. Between 1982 and 1986, the two states maintained a formal agreement which granted regulated fishing rights to Jamaican vessels within the territorial waters of Bajo Nuevo and nearby Serranilla Bank.[9][10] Jamaica's signing of this treaty was regarded by critics as a de facto recognition of Colombian sovereignty over the two banks.[10] However, the treaty is now extinguished, as Colombia declined to renew it upon its expiration in August 1986.[10]
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-01): Serranilla Bank 0 references [...] - cebwiki Serranilla Bank - cswiki Serranilla - dewiki Serranilla-Bank - enwiki Serranilla Bank - eswiki Isla Serranilla - euwiki Serranilla - fawiki جزیره صخره سرانیلا - frwiki Banc de Serranilla - huwiki Serranilla-sziget - idwiki Tepi Serranilla - itwiki Isola Serranilla - jawiki セラニャ・バンク - kowiki 세라니야 환초 - mkwiki Сераниља - mlwiki സെറാനില്ല ബാങ്ക് - nlwiki Serranilla - pnbwiki جزیرہ سرانیلا - ptwiki Banco de Serranilla - ruwiki Серранилья - simplewiki Serranilla Bank - skwiki Serranilla - suwiki Sisi Sérraniya - svwiki Serranilla Bank - thwiki เกาะเซร์รานิยา - trwiki Serranilla Bank - urwiki سیرانیلا کنارہ - zhwiki 塞拉尼拉浅滩 - commonswiki Category:Serranilla Bank
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-11): Serranilla Bank is an atoll in the southeastern Caribean. It is approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) northeast of Nicaragua. Only the eastern and southern part of the reef are visible. The bank is made up of several cays, and has a size of about 45 kilometres (28 mi) by 37 kilometres (23 mi). It covers an area of about 1,200 square kilometres (460 sq mi).Many parts of the coral reef are dry at low tide. The ocean has a depth of between 9 metres (30 ft) and 37 metres (121 ft) in most parts.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-26): Serrana Bank is a Colombian-administered atoll in the western Caribbean Sea. It is a mostly underwater reef about 50 km long and 13 km wide and has six cays, or islets, the largest of which is Southwest Cay. [...] History [edit]Serrana Bank is believed to be named after the Spanish castaway Pedro Serrano. It was first shown on a Dutch map in 1545 with this name. They were mapped more extensively by the English in 1660. A former base for the US military, it is now mostly visited by lobster fishermen. It is now Colombian territory, though it was formerly claimed by the United States. On September 8, 1972, the two countries signed a treaty recognizing Colombia's sovereignty over Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank and abandoning American sovereignty over Quita Sueño Bank. A fishing concession was retained by the United States over the three banks. This treaty became effective on September 17, 1981. On November 19, 2012, in regard to Nicaraguan claims to the islands, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) reaffirmed Colombia's sovereignty.[4] On September 3, 2007, the eye of Category 5 Hurricane Felix passed over Serrana Bank.[5]
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-02): Serranilla Bank was first shown on Spanish maps in 1510. It is administered by Colombia as part of the department of San Andrés and Providencia.[3] [4] The reef is subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Colombia and the United States. A previous claim by Honduras was resolved in favor of Colombia when the two countries approved a treaty establishing their maritime boundaries.[5] Jamaica's claim was resolved when it established a joint regime area with overlapping maritime boundaries in 1993, but acknowledging Colombian control of Serranilla and Bajo Nuevo banks.[6] In 2012, in regards to Nicaraguan claims to the islands, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) upheld Colombia's sovereignty over the bank, although the judgment does not analyze or mention the U.S. claim over the reef.[7] [...] - Treaty of exchange between Colombia and the United States, 1972 - Web site: Application of the U.S. Constitution . . November 1997 . 2008-01-13 . 2008-02-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015423/http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf . dead . Page 39 states that U.S. sovereignty over Serranilla Bank is disputed. "Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims." This is the only archived document from this source that mentions Serranilla Bank as an insular area.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-01-01): Serranilla Bank was first shown on Spanish maps in 1510. It is administered by Colombia as part of the department of San Andrés and Providencia.[2][3] Although the bank is currently occupied by Colombia,[4] it is subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica and the United States. [...] The United States' claim was made in 1879[18] and 1880 under the Guano Islands Act[19] by James W. Jennett[20][21] Most claims made by the U.S. over the guano islands in this region were officially renounced in a treaty with Colombia, dated September 1972.[22] But whether or not Serranilla Bank was included in the agreement is disputed—there is no specific mention of the feature in the treaty and, as per Article 7 of the said treaty, only matters specifically mentioned in the document are subject to it. According to other records, as well as claims made within the ICJ, Colombia is recognised by the United States as having varying degrees of sovereignty over Serranilla Bank through the treaty of 1972, which took effect in September 1981.[15][23] The U.S. considers the reef to be an unorganized, unincorporated United States territory.[21][24]
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-10-25): Serranilla Bank was first shown on Spanish maps in 1510. It is administered by Colombia as part of the department of San Andrés and Providencia.[2][3] Although the bank is currently occupied by Colombia,[4] it is subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Honduras, Nicaragua and the United States. [...] The United States claim was made in the 19th century by James W. Jennett[20] under the provisions of the Guano Islands Act.[21] Most claims made by the U.S. over the guano islands in this region were officially renounced in a treaty with Colombia, dated September 1972.[22] But whether or not Serranilla Bank was included in the agreement is disputed—there is no specific mention of the feature in the treaty and, as per Article 7 of the said treaty, only matters specifically mentioned in the document are subject to it. According to other records, as well as claims made within the ICJ, Colombia is recognised by the United States as having varying degrees of sovereignty over Serranilla Bank through the treaty of 1972, which took effect in September 1981.[17][23] The U.S. considers the reef to be an unorganized, unincorporated United States territory.[21][24]
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Bajo Nuevo Bank has also, over the years, been claimed by Honduras and Jamaica – though Jamaica seems to have backed off since the 1980s. Nicaragua, however, still makes a claim that the Bajo Nuevo Bank is within its territorial waters, and therefore belongs to it. An international court ruling in 2012 found that Colombia has sovereignty over Baja Nuevo Bank, as well as the nearby Serranilla Bank, though the US does not recognize the ruling. [...] Serranilla Bank is 70 miles west of Bajo Nuevo Bank, and 220 miles from Nicaragua, in the middle of the otherwise open sea. Its physical attributes and jurisdictional status are like that of Bajo Nuevo Bank: it is a submerged atoll-like reef, around 25 miles long, with three small islands above water. The largest island is Beacon Cay, which has buildings, and is sometimes used to house a garrison of the Colombian Navy. There is also a 100-foot-tall metal lighthouse tower, which flashes every 20 seconds. It was built and rebuilt at the same time as the lighthouse on Bajo Nuevo Bank (1982, and 2008). Serranilla Bank has been claimed by the US since 1879, as part of the Guano Islands Act. The US still claims ownership, though it has conceded administrative oversight to Colombia. Serranilla Bank has lingering claims by Honduras, Jamaica, and Nicaragua too.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-06-14): The Eastern edge of the Rosalind Bank (the large bank to the NW of Serranilla) is only 7 to 11 metres deep and the seabed rises very steeply to this edge, causing "a race which has the appearance of breakers" according to the sailing directions. The pair of channels running SE / NW which you can see to the W of Rosalind Bank have currents up to 5 knots setting NW. Our neighbours in Grand Cayman - a 100ft US motor yacht - took the direct route when heading north from Panama and had a very rough passage through here, actually damaging the boat's stabilisers. [...] So we decided to have a look at Beacon Cay on Serranilla Bank - the location for this blog - which is either Colombian or an outlying US territory according to which website you look at. The sailing directions describe it as a good anchorage, though that advice is aimed at large ships rather than little yachts. As we approached, the Colombian troops hailed us on the radio, though their total lack of English and our total lack of Spanish (other than 'tres cervezas por favor') made it an unproductive exchange.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-14): 16. On November 19, 2012, in regards to Nicaraguan claims to the islands, the ICJ ruled unanimously that Colombia has sovereignty over both Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Banks. [...] 19. Honduras, another claimant to Bajo Nuevo and the nearby Serranilla Bank, effectively ended its role in the dispute with the ratification of a maritime boundary treaty with Colombia on December 20, 1999. [...] 22. Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank have been repeatedly included as per American sources as one of ten insular areas in the
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-01-10): The following two territories are claimed by multiple countries (including the United States)[7] and are not included in ISO 3166-2:UM. However, they are sometimes grouped with the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands. According to the GAO, "the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo [Bank] consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims."[7] [...] ^Two additional territories (Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) are claimed by the United States but administered by Colombia—if these two territories are counted, the total number of U.S. territories is sixteen.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Serranilla Bank & Bajo Nuevo (Petrel Island) Serrana Bank is not to be confused with Serranilla Bank. US sovereignty over two insular areas, Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo (Petrel Island) is disputed. Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo are in the Caribbean Sea, located approximately 180 miles southwest from the southern coast of Jamaica. Serranilla Bank is a roughly circular coral bank; on its southeast side are three small coral-and-sand keys, or low islands, the largest of which is a half mile in length. Bajo Nuevo, an oval-shaped coral bank situated northeast from Serranilla Bank, has two reefs; at both ends of each reef are small keys, the largest of which is about 300 by 50 yards in size. The United States has long maintained claims to both Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo under the Guano Islands Act. Both areas are claimed by Columbia and Jamaica. Serranilla Bank is also claimed by Honduras. Nicaragua has not claimed these areas by name, but has stated that it claims all islands and cays located on its continental shelf; however, there is no agreed maritime boundary between Nicaragua and Columbia, or between Nicaragua and Honduras, in the Western Caribbean. Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with US sovereignty claims.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-20): The country also holds nine uninhabited territories – Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island – and claims two more – Bajo Nuevo Bank, and Serranilla Bank – but those are under dispute with Colombia and Jamaica which control the two.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-11-19): This small uninhabited reef in the western Caribbean Sea was first shown on Dutch maps dating back to 1634. After very little recognition it was rediscovered by English pirate John Glover in 1660. The reef is administered by Colombia, but a number of other states —Jamaica, Nicaragua and the US—claim sovereignty over it. On the 19th November 2012, with regards to the Nicaraguan claim the International Court of Justice ruled unanimously, that the Republic of Colombia has sovereignty over both the Bajo Nuevo and the Serranilla bank of the reef. The U.S. administers the bank as an unorganized, unincorporated United States territory.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-14): There are also a few disputed territories: pieces of land which the United States claims but which another nation also claims. These include Bajo Nuevo Bank, also known as the Petrel Islands, which is administered by Columbia but claimed by both the U.S. and Jamaica. Navassa Island is claimed by the U.S. and Haiti. Serranilla Bank and Wake Island are also disputed.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Territory Bajo Nuevo Bank, Serranilla Bank, Serrana Bank and Alice Shoal consist of various related eponymous and noneponymous banks, reefs, cays, shoals and sandbars. [...] On November 19, 2012, in regard to Nicaraguan claims to the islands the International Court of Justice (ICJ) found, unanimously, that the Republic of Colombia has sovereignty over Serrana Bank. [...] The Serranilla Bank was first shown on Spanish maps in 1510 as Placer de la Serranilla. It was mentioned by Louis-Michel Aury whose ship was shipwrecked on it in 1820.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-12-06): In its Judgment rendered on the merits of the case on 19 November 2012, the Court found that the territorial dispute between the Parties concerned sovereignty over the features situated in the Caribbean Sea — the Alburquerque Cays, the East-Southeast Cays, Roncador, Serrana, Quitasueño, Serranilla and Bajo Nuevo — which were all above water at high tide and which were therefore islands capable of appropriation. The Court noted, however, that Quitasueño comprised only a single, tiny island, known as QS 32, and a number of low-tide elevations (features above water at low tide but submerged at high tide). The Court then observed that, under the terms of the 1928 Treaty concerning Territorial Questions at Issue between Colombia and Nicaragua, Colombia not only had sovereignty over the islands of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, but also over other islands, islets and reefs "forming part" of the San Andrés Archipelago. Thus, in order to address the question of sovereignty, the Court first needed to ascertain what constituted the San Andrés Archipelago. It concluded, however, that neither the 1928 Treaty nor the historical documents conclusively established the composition of that Archipelago. [...] The Court also noted that, while not being evidence of sovereignty, Nicaragua’s conduct with regard to the maritime features in dispute, the practice of third States and maps afforded some support to Colombia’s claim. The Court concluded that Colombia, and not Nicaragua, had sovereignty over the islands at Alburquerque, Bajo Nuevo, East-Southeast Cays, Quitasueño, Roncador, Serrana and Serranilla.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-10-03): FLOATING Sargassum IN SERRANILLA BANK, CARIBBEAN COLOMBIA, MAY JEOPARDIZE THE RACE TO THE OCEAN OF BABY SEA TURTLES [...] Serranilla Bank is an ancient atoll in the Caribbean Sea, at 15° 50' N and 79 ° 50' W (Fig. 1). It has several small cays emerging from the water to form some permanent islands. These oceanic cays, isolated from other emerged territories, have been recognized only recently as important nesting areas for sea turtles (Barrientos-Muñoz and Ramirez-Gallego, pers. comm.). In September 2017, the Colombian Commission for the Ocean (CCO), with the financial support of Colciencias and Dimar, and the logistic support of the Colombian Navy (Armada de Colombia), organized a scientific expedition (Seaflower Expedition 2017) to Serranilla bank, to study the biodiversity of this remote area of the country. During this expedition, we observed great amounts of floating Sargassum reaching the beaches of Beacon Cay, the largest island in Serranilla Bank (Fig. 2). The algae accumulated on the beaches, and formed a thick mat to 40 cm high. Along the beach, a great number of sea turtle nests were reported (Barrientos-Muñoz and Ramirez-Gallego, pers. comm.) which, by the time of the Sargassum wave, were ready to disclose.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-04): Territorial Dispute: Claimed by Jamaica and possibly Honduras (until 20 Dec 1999); Colombia considers Bajo Nuevo Bank apart of the Providence Archipelago in the intendancy of San Andres y Providencia. [...] 1510 Serranilla Bank first shown on Spanish maps. 8 Sep 1879 Claimed by the U.S (located two hundred ten miles north northeast of Nicaragua). 8 Sep 1972 Serranilla Bank specifically not mentioned by U.S. in list of guano islands renounced to Colombia. Territorial Disputes: Colombia has not directly claimed Serranilla Bank but is on record as considering the bank apart of the Providence Archipelago in the intendancy of San Andres y Providencia; Honduras may have asserted its own claim over Serranilla (until 20 Dec 1999); also possibly claimed by Nicaragua, Honduras and Jamaica.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Honduras (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-27): Honduras claimed Serranilla Bank as part of its national territory in Article 10 of its Constitution.[30] In 1986, it agreed upon a maritime boundary demarcation with Colombia that excluded Honduras of any control over the bank or its surrounding waters.[4][31] The ratification of this boundary on 20 December 1999[32] proved to be controversial within Honduras, as it ensured that the state implicitly recognised Colombia's sovereignty over the claimed territory.[33] At that time, Nicaragua disputed Honduras' legal right to hand over these areas before the ICJ.[20][34] Despite the agreement with Colombia, however, the Honduran government has yet to officially renounce the claim in the Constitution.