copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): In 1918, as a consequence of Austro-Hungarian defeat, Neum joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes which would become the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. Under the Karađorđević dynasty, the Yugoslav Government ignored the historical borders twice: in 1929, when the Neum area was included in the Littoral Banovina, and in 1939 when, following the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, it was included in the Banovina of Croatia. Josip Broz Tito's federal Yugoslavia was founded on the principle, declared at the 1943 AVNOJ session in Jajce and comparatively well-respected by the Đilas commission in 1945, of establishing the federative republics in their borders of 1878, which is why the Neum enclave is now part of independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, including most of Klek (Ponta Kleka, Rep Kleka), the two islets Veliki and Mali Školj and the rock of Lopata in the Bay of Klek.[8]
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-02-22): Klek is a peninsula in the Adriatic Sea located southwest of Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It encloses the Bay of Neum, separating it from the larger Bay of Mali Ston and the Pelješac peninsula. At the cape of peninsula, a few hundred meters from the shore, is a small islet as part of a reef consisting series of bare rocks appearing under the water table (Serbo-Croatian: hrid, hridina). It is called , and at the tip of the reef there is a lighthouse . Also at the very tip of the peninsula there is the lighthouse
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-26): This peninsula (Poluostrvo Klek) extends into the Adriatic Sea for 6.5 km in length between the hamlet of Jazina (southeast) and the cape of Rep Kleka (northwest). It encompasses most of the 21.2 km of coastline of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since Neum itself has only about 3 km of coastline. The peninsula is narrow (600 m wide on average), almost uninhabited and covered with pine trees. To the north, it forms the Bosnian bay of Neum-Klek, where an important mussel farming activity has developed, which can be found on the menu of many restaurants in Neum. To the south, the peninsula borders the bay of Mali Ston and the Bosnian islets of Veliki Školj (7,624m2) and Mali Školj (800m2). The former is uninhabited private property, the latter is partly covered by the sea. At a distance of about 1,200 m from the coast is the large Croatian peninsula of Pelješac, which is 65 km long. This peninsula completely closes the access to the open sea for the sailors of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): Croatia stated that the bridge is located exclusively within Croatian territory and Croatian territorial waters and that it is thus entitled under the international law of the sea to construct the bridge without requiring any consent from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatia also expressed commitment to fully respect the international rights enjoyed by other countries in the Pelješac peninsula, including the right of innocent passage enjoyed by all countries under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the right of Bosnia and Herzegovina to have unrestricted access to the high seas. Croatia also stated that the expected height of the bridge of 55 metres (180 ft) would allow all current Bosnian shipping to use the existing navigational route to transit under the bridge, and that any ship taller than that which intended to dock at a port in Bosnia and Herzegovina could dock instead at the Croatian port of Ploče, in line with the 1995 Free Transit agreement. Link with border demarcation treaty ratification [edit]Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia agreed on a border demarcation treaty in 1998. The treaty was signed by the two former presidents, Alija Izetbegović and Franjo Tuđman, but it was never ratified by the respective parliaments and so it never entered into force. The agreement included a border between the two countries in the area of Pelješac which is slightly different from that shown on maps, since Croatia agreed to recognise the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina over two small rock islands (Mali Školj and Veliki Školj) and the tip of the peninsula of Klek near Neum.[43]
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-07-02): After the signing of the Treaty, Croatia’s local politicians in the south of the country, followed by some other experts, objected to the parts of the Treaty related to demarcation at the Klek peninsula and two islets which fell under Bosnian sovereignty. They complained that these localities belong to Croatia, that the border was erroneously drawn and that it should be corrected at these territorial points. From the Bosnian side also came complaints about the demarcation near Kostajnica where, according to these objections, Bosnia and Herzegovina is damaged. The maritime demarcation is also a point of disagreement, creating tensions between the two countries when Croatia decided to build the Peljesac bridge. Although some in Bosnia and Herzegovina tried to block the construction of the bridge until the maritime border is settled, it is currently being built by a Chinese construction company and funded primarily by the EU. [...] The peninsula is 2,5 km long with its width varying between 170 and 480 m. It partially closes the Bay of Kotor. As in the case of Piran Bay, Croatia’s position that maritime delimitation would be based on the principle of equidistance, which Montenegro disagrees with. Bilateral negotiations did not produce any result, while the Protocol has been implemented without any disruption. The tentative agreement between the two countries is that they would submit the case to the International Court of Justice, but this has not yet been done. It has to be added that in the last several years, Montenegro managed to settle its borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-12): dispute: France and Italy - Nagorno-Karabakh region: Artsakh, Armenia and Azerbaijan - North Cyprus: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Cyprus - Olivenza and Vila Real (including the municipality ofTaliga): Spain and Portugal - Part of Syunik Province: Azerbaijan and Armenia - Prevlaka: Croatia and Montenegro - Rockall: Ireland, United Kingdom, Denmark, Iceland - Russia-Ukraine border : Russia and Ukraine - Sastavci: Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sea of Azov: Russia and Ukraine - South Ossetia: Republic of South Ossetia and Georgia - Tip of the Klek peninsula and the islands of Veliki Skolj and Mali Skolj (near Neum): Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transnistria (including Bendery): Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and Moldova - Tuzla Island and Strait of Kerch; Sarych: Russia and Ukraine - Varnita and Copanca: Moldova and Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic - Village of Aibga and surrounding area: Republic of Abkhazia and Russia
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-17): Croatia – Bosnia Herzogovina border is 956 km long and is largely the result of the Ottoman conquest and subsequent recapture of territories in the Great Turkish War of 1667–1698 formally ending with the Treaty of Karlowitz, as well as the Fifth and Seventh Ottoman–Venetian Wars. This border had minor modifications in 1947 when all borders of the former Yugoslav constituent republics were defined by demarcation commissions. This border was subject to a detailed review and an agreement was reached in 1999 although not ratified by the respective parliaments. Hence disagreements exist over areas such as the Klek peninsula and two islets currently occupied by Bosnia. [...] The Neum Corridor is a 9 km long stretch of Bosnia-Herzegovina territory that stands between Central and South Dalmatia. This is a result of the Treaty of Karlowitz of 1699. With its admission to the European Union, Croatia had to apply EU regulations at its border crossings, including the passage through the Neum section. In order to avoid this and to increase the territorial integrity of Croatia, the planned Peljesac bridge after many delays will be completed in 2022. Although some in Bosnia and Herzegovina tried to block the construction of the bridge until the maritime border is settled, it is currently being built by a Chinese construction company and funded primarily by the EU.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-01-20): Klek Peninsula and Neum Neum-Klek bay is a well-known and rare botanical reserve - Mediteranetum. Mediterranean region is present in the Adriatic province with climatogenetic vegetation of sclerophyllous evergreen oak forest (Orno-Quercetum illicis). As the result of a long-lasting human influence on sclerophyllous evergreen oak forest eco-system, there are vast rocky desserts, rocky pastures and shrubs, with the production of biomass, which in relation to climatogenetic forest of this area decreased to 50 %, and in extreme cases even to 0 % (rocky desert).
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-18): Peljesac is separated from the Klek peninsula (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and from the Croatian mainland territory by the Bay of Mali Ston. The Strait of Peljesac is at the peninsula’s far western end, thus dividing Pelješac from the island of Korčula. [...] There are many restaurants all over the peninsula and they all offer fresh homemade Dalmatian delicacies. [...] If the situation requires further urgent assistance or hospitalization that cannot be provided on the peninsula, a speedboat or helicopter will be sent for the patient and take them to the nearest hospital in Dubrovnik.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-01): Bosnia and Herzegovina is country in Southeast Europe, located in western part of Balkan peninsula. Etymology of the name Bosnia is has not been fully elucidated, although there are several theories. It is known that this name was historically recorded for the first time in the 10th century in work title De Administrando Imperio, by Constantine VII, Byzantine emperor. Name Herzegovina comes from title of medieval nobleman Stjepan Vukčić Kosača – herzog of Saint Sava. Even though they are different in terms of age, historic hierarchy and size, Bosnia on the north and Herzegovina on the south today represent two equal regions in the context of country name. Bosnia and Herzegovina territory covers an area of 51,129 square kilometers. It is surrounded by three neighboring countries – Republic of Croatia to the north, west and south, Republic of Serbia to the east, and Republic of Montenegro to the southeast. Its borders generally follow certain natural features, and for the most of its extent have orographic and hydrographic character. Bosnia and Herzegovina also has one of the shortest coastline in the world. In the sector of Bay of Neum and peninsula of Klek in the Bay of Mali Ston, it reaches Adriatic Sea, with coastal facade of 24 kilometers in length. Characteristic shape of national territory on a geographic map is frequently associated with the right triangle with even legs, whose hypotenuse has northwest-southeast direction. This motive is also used on the national flag.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-28): As things stand now, persons wanting to travel by car from northern part of Croatia into Dubrovnik, Peljesac Peninsula, the islands of Mljet, Vis, Lastovo, Korcula etc must enter Bosnia and Herzegovina and 5 kilometers later re-enter Croatia. And vice versa! [...] Along come new complications in the past few weeks. Bosnia and Herzegovina are disputing the border around the area where the bridge is to be built. I.e., a document purporting to represent an agreement between dr Franjo Tudjman (President of Croatia) and Alija Izetbegovic (Bosniak member of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Presidency) in 1999. This is a border agreement with which Croatia reportedly transfers to Bosnia and Herzegovina the tip of the Klek peninsula and two tiny islets Mali and Veliki Skoj near the proposed Peljesac bridge site. The Milanovic government decided recently to pass the agreement for ratification in Parliament, thus causing fiery disputes in Croatia’s public domain, which grew into delicate attacks between President Ivo Josipovic and the government, stirring the spirits among experts too. The document is reportedly ratified by the lower chamber of Bosnia’s parliament and whether it will be ratified in the Croatian parliament is yet to be seen. There are new calls against possible swift ratification, including comments by Tomislav Karamarko, leader of HDZ opposition, that late President Tudjman was very ill at the time in 1999 and may not have been fully informed or aware of implications of the so-called agreement.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-07-30): The Croatian government intends to submit to the parliamentary procedure the agreement from 1999, according to which Croatia cedes to Bosnia and Herzegovina the tip of the Klek peninsula and Veliki and Mali Školj, two small islands in the Maloston Bay. [...] Veliki and Mali Skolj in the Maloston and Neum bays should belong to Bosnia and Herzegovina, but Croatia must have the opportunity to connect its territory in an appropriate manner, Lagumdžija told "Dnevni avaz" about the talks on the subject, as reported by Croatian media. [...] Lagumdžija dismissed the possibility that BiH and Croatia would "trade" the Pelješki bridge in exchange for the Veliki and Mali Školj and the tip of the Kleka peninsula, stressing that "something like that might be appropriate for the market, but not for the relations between the two countries."
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-23): To this day, both countries claim ownership over Mali Školj and Veliki Školj, and the tip of the Klek peninsula, which is found nearby. [...] An agreement reached in 1999 deemed that the islands belonged to Bosnia, but Croatia never ratified it. The last attempt at finding a solution took place in 2012, right before Croatia entered the European Union. [...] The two brothers have no plans to develop the larger island since it lacks the necessary permits and access to infrastructure. But owning the only two islands that belong to Bosnia — while being surrounded by Croatia — is a matter of pride in the Putica family.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-07): The second difficulty should be addressed together with the first. It would be especially important to define the sea boundary, regarding the tip of the Klek Peninsula and the uninhabited islets, Veliki and Mali Školj or, more precisely, the rocks in the Mali Ston Bay, which are part of a unique geomorphologic unit, together with the Klek Peninsula. If we draw the line of equidistance for purposes of delimitation of two states whose shores in one bay lie or are opposite to one another (the Peninsula of Klek and Pelješac), which is in accordance with the international law of the sea, as well as Article 4 (3) of the bilateral Agreement which, inter alia, prescribes that border at the sea stretches "the median line of the sea area between the land of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia", it could be claimed that the disputed area would belong to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Closely connected to this, the question of Bosnia-Herzegovina’s access to the High Seas or international waters of the Adriatic Sea and other world seas should be addressed, where no country in the world has territorial sovereignty, nor does it exercise any sovereign rights.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-11): After the Badinter Commission Yugoslavia was decided to enter "in process of the dissolution", the first boundary agreement between successor states has been achieved. The Treaty on the State Border between Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was signed by the Croatian President, Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, who was the member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999. The agreement was signed on 30 July 1999 in Sarajevo. The state border between the countries is determined according to the borders at the end of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. The sea border in the area of Neum and Klek peninsula is delimitated by way of an equidistance line. (see figure 1 below). Article 4 of the treaty states that the State border on the sea stretches along the central line of the sea between the territories of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.[12] It is important to consider that both small islands near the Klek peninsula which are Mali Školj and Veliki Školj are given to BiH as well since they are so close to Klek peninsula.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-08-28): The Pelješac Peninsula is a finger of land extending north of Dubrovnik, from the isthmus that begins at Ston to the top of Lovišta. The landmass stretches across the mouth of the Bosnian Bay of Klek and is home to some of the best wineries in Croatia. In particular, the peninsula is known for production of wine from the endemic Croatian varietal Plavac Mali: a hardy, red varietal that is well-suited to the dry limestone terroir of the region. The vines often have root systems that extend more than 20 meters/66 feet into limestone seams in search of water. Everything on Pelješac is dry farmed, and 99.9% of the grapes we saw were bush vines, enabling the plants to naturally protect the berries from the scorching summer Croatian sun. Some serious backbreaking work to farm along Pelješac: everything is hand-picked, hand-pruned and even manually weeded.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Croatia (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-13): Klek is a peninsula in the Adriatic Sea located southwest of Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It encloses the Bay of Neum, separating it from the larger Bay of Mali Ston and the Pelješac peninsula.[1] At the cape of the peninsula, a few hundred meters from the shore, is a small islet as part of a reef consisting series of bare rocks appearing under the water table (Serbo-Croatian: hrid, hridina). It is called Lopata, and at the tip of the reef there is a lighthouse, also called Lopata. At the very tip of the peninsula, there is another lighthouse, called Rep Kleka.[2][3][4] The tip of the peninsula, known as Rep Kleka (also known as Ponta repa and Turski rep), that lies directly across the eponymous village of Klek in Croatia, is disputed between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia; they last negotiated its status in the 1999 Neum Agreement.[5] [...] External links [edit]- Neum-Klek archipelago 12. January 2022
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Croatia (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Klek is a mountain located in the south of Gorski kotar, on the edge of Velika Kapela near the town of Ogulin. It stretches in the northwest-southeast direction, and its slopes descend towards the valley of the river Dobra and the Ogulin field. The most important peak is Veliki Klek, 1182 m high, and slightly lower is Mali Klek, which is 1085 m high. Due to its natural and geomorphological richness, part of the mountain is protected as a biological and geomorphological park. Klek is of special importance in the history of Croatian mountaineering. It was the ascent to Klek in 1874 that encouraged the university professor Dr. Johannes Frischauf from Graz to found the Croatian Mountaineering Society. Also, the rock below Veliki Klek served as the first school of Croatian alpinists.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Croatia (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-16): The holiday resort of Klek lies near the fertile delta region of the Neretva River, on the southern Dalmatian mainland coast just 70 km northwest of Dubrovnik. The coastal town with only 200 inhabitants has developed in a small bay surrounded by sparsely vegetated mountains. The residents have built their houses in the wooded foothills of these mountains. The coastal road encompasses Klek in a horseshoe shape so that the town does not have to deal with through traffic. The Nonkovic Tower that was built in the Venetian period tells of the town's past and provides for some historic flair near the waterfront promenade. Next door is a small chapel from the 17th century. The Church of Sv. Petra i Pavla, which was built in 2004, leaves its modern footprint on the town. The well-established tourist town of Klek offers visitors a variety of cafés and restaurants, shopping and leisure facilities and a beautiful, wide pebbled beach which is very busy during the peak seasons. You can take pleasure in, among other things, bathing, snorkeling, pedal boating or, for those who are drawn to the mountains, walking and hiking. A beautiful destination is the Smrdan Grad located above Klek. Here you can visit the ruins of an ancient city and a defensive wall which were originally built by the Venetians. Perched at the top of the mountain is the pre-Roman Gradina Fortress, from where you can enjoy wonderful views of the Peljesac Peninsula.
Claim: Klek peninsula is a territory of Croatia (Klek peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-23): The Klek Peninsula is a stunning beach located in Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This picturesque peninsula offers a unique beach experience with its pristine shores and breathtaking coastal views. Stretching along the coastline, the beach boasts a considerable length, providing ample space for sun-seekers and beach enthusiasts. The sand on Klek Peninsula is a fine, golden color, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere. Klek Peninsula has many amenities, ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable beach visit. The beach is equipped with lifeguards on duty, providing an added layer of safety for swimmers. Bathroom facilities are conveniently accessible, allowing visitors to freshen up during their time at the beach. Dogs are allowed on the beach, making it a pet-friendly destination for those traveling with their furry friends. Other amenities include beach loungers and umbrellas for rent, as well as beachside cafes and restaurants offering refreshments and snacks. [...] Fun fact: The Klek Peninsula is named after the majestic mountain peak "Klek" located in the vicinity. The combination of mountainous scenery and stunning coastal landscapes creates a truly remarkable setting.