copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-24): Ladakh (Tibetan script: ལ་དྭགས་; Wylie: la-dwags, Ladakhi IPA: [lad̪ɑks], Hindi: लद्दाख़, Hindi IPA: [ləd̪.d̪ɑːx], Urdu: لدّاخ; "land of high passes") is a province in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir sandwiched between the Kunlun mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south. Inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent, the region stands as one of the most sparsely populated regions in Kashmir. A remarkable region for many reasons, Ladakh is an area that has its own unique history, culture, and traditions, yet has been caught between the major powers of the area, China, India, Afghanistan, Tibet and, Pakistan.[3] [...] Ladakh comprises two districts of Jammu and Kashmir: Leh and Kargil, each governed by a Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council based on the pattern of the Darjeeling Gorkha Autonomous Hill Council. Created as a compromise to the demands of Ladakhi people to make Leh district a union territory, the government attempted to reconcile religious and cultural differences with Kashmir. In October 1993, the Indian government and the State government agreed to grant each district of Ladakh the status of Autonomous Hill Council.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-02): Ladakh ("land of high passes") is a Union Territory in northern India. It is located between the Karakoram mountain range in the north and the main Himalayas to the south. Ladakh is well-known for its remote mountain scenery. It is inhabited by Tibetan people and Small Indo aryan population.[7] Their language is an archaic dialect of the Tibetan language. It is sometimes called "Little Tibet", because it has been strongly influenced by Tibetan culture. Ladakh is one of the least populated regions in the area. [...] References [change | change source]- ↑ Ladakh has 59,146 km2 of area administered by India and 72,971 km2 of area controlled by Pakistan under Gilgit-Baltistan, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh. Additionally, it has 5,180 km2 of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Trans-Karakoram Tract and 37,555 km2 of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Aksai Chin, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-30): Ladakh is a mountainous region and a Union Territory in the north India and in the area known as the Trans-Himalaya, (the lands beyond the Himalaya: Tibet, Xinjiang and northern Pakistan). It's slightly smaller than Scotland, the settled population lives between 2700m and 4500m, and nomadic encampments can be found even higher. The people are a mixture of Buddhist and Muslim 50% of each. Buddhists are the majority in the east close to the China border and a slight majority overall while Muslims are having the majority in the north and west. Travelers are likely to see more of the Buddhists as the majority of the tourist attractions are in the east and directly related to Tibetan Buddhist culture. [...] The places to visit in Nubra Valley are Diskit(regional hub with a nice monastery), Hunder (9km from Diskit, white sand dunes, camel ride, several mid to high range camping options), Sumur (monastery, camping), Panamik(hot sulfur spring, avoidable) and the recently opened Turtuk(inhabited by Balti people, was part of Pakistan up-till 1972, 5km from Pakistan border, wonderful scenery and comfortable homestays). Nubra valley lies 140 kilometers from Leh town. It is nestled on the renowned Silk Route and is often visited by tourists for its stunning vistas. This valley is nestled amidst the Leh-Ladakh and the Pangong River that flows through it. Although the valley has got nothing much to explore, the camel ride here is an interesting one.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-25): Ladakh is a region administered by India as a union territory and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959.[7] Ladakh is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east, the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh to the south, both the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan to the west, and the southwest corner of Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in the far north. It extends from the Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram range to the north to the main Great Himalayas to the south.[8] The eastern end, consisting of the uninhabited Aksai Chin plains, is claimed by the Indian Government as part of Ladakh, but has been under Chinese control.[9] [10] [11] [12]
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-23): Ladakh is a mountainous region in South Asia. Due to its geographical and cultural similarity with Tibet, Ladakh is sometimes described as "Little Tibet". However, unlike Tibet, only a bit over half of the population are Buddhists, with the rest Muslims. The settled population lives between 2,700 m and 4,500 m, and in nomadic encampments even higher. Politically, Ladakh is part of the Kashmir region disputed between India and Pakistan. Ladakh is claimed by Pakistan but controlled by India as a union territory. The Aksai Chin Plateau is claimed by India as part of Ladakh, but administered by China as part of Xinjiang. [...] Many Ladakhis express feelings of antipathy towards Kashmiris and Pakistanis and are generally supportive of their inclusion in India. They feel they were unjustly treated and discriminated against when Ladakh was a part of Jammu and Kashmir.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-17): Srinagar, Indian-administered Kashmir – Earlier this week, the region of Ladakh, a Himalayan desert in Indian-administered Kashmir that borders China and Pakistan, witnessed an unprecedented shutdown to demand statehood and protection of land and jobs. [...] The two groups were formed after New Delhi in 2019 unilaterally scrapped the special status of Indian-administered Kashmir and divided the disputed region – also claimed in its entirety by Pakistan – into two federally governed territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. [...] The Ladakh region sits on a razor’s edge, sharing its borders with nuclear-armed Pakistan and China. India and Pakistan fought a limited war in Ladakh’s Kargil region in 1999.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir – Level 4: Do Not Travel Terrorist attacks and violent civil unrest are possible in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Do not travel to this state (with the exception of visits to the eastern Ladakh region and its capital, Leh). Violence happens sporadically in this area and is common along the Line of Control (LOC) between India and Pakistan. It also occurs in tourist spots in the Kashmir Valley: Srinagar, Gulmarg, and Pahalgam. The Indian government does not allow foreign tourists to visit certain areas along the LOC.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-25): Keeping up with the rhetoric around Kashmir, India’s Home Minister Amit Shah went a step further. He said that Aksai Chin is a territory of India that India lost to China in the 1962 war, and vowed to take Aksai Chin back from China. This was an explicit threat to China coming from the top echelons of power in India. This irritated Chinese leadership, and thus they trespassed into the Ladakh region of India to pre-empt any adventurism by India in Aksai Chin. While India did not have any plans of invading Aksai Chin, Amit Shah’s statement proved to be a serious miscalculation. [...] After seemingly getting outmaneuvered by China on the "Line of Actual Control" – the name given to the blurry Sino-India border – and receiving a cold shoulder from the U.S., India on the backfoot. India failed to correctly predict China’s reaction to its moves in Kashmir last year. Now, India is left with a situation where its geo-strategic influence in the Ladakh region near the Karakorum Pass has reduced. India can no longer threaten Pakistan by blocking the passage of CPEC in Kashmir, and its claim on Aksai Chin has also weakened in the aftermath of the border misadventure with China.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-23): The UN-mediated ceasefire did not resolve the conflict by any means. The military organizations of both states continued to grow, and their suspicions of one another grew with them. In 1951, during negotiations over demilitarizing Kashmir, each accused the other of warmongering and concentrating their armies on the Indo-Pakistan border.1 China is also a claimant of 15 percent of Kashmir (Ladakh) and carried out a one-month war against India over the territory in 1962. This war ended in a ceasefire and an establishment of a second line of control in Kashmir (which came to be known as the Line of Actual Control [LAC]).2 [...] China, having come to blows with India as recently as 2020,10 grows increasingly concerned with the buildup and mobilization of Indian forces. Since the Indian government officially announced the establishment of the Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh as separate union territories in 2019, to more easily integrate the region politically into India, relations with China have deteriorated. The Chinese Communist Party, in addition to providing military aid to Pakistan, has placed troops on alert along its Himalayan border with India.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-10-20): Leh (Ladakh) was known in the past by different names. It was called Maryul or low land by some Kha- chumpa by others. Fa-Hein referred to it as Kia-Chha and Hiuen Tsang as Ma-Lo-Pho. It is said that the first Immigrants to this land appears to have been the Brokpas from Dadarstan who inhabited the lower reaches of the Indus Valley popularly known as Sham. Another wave of Immigrants who came from Karja (Kulu) were the Mons an Aryan type who first settled in Gya and spread to Rong, Shayok, Sakti Tangtse and Durbuk, the area extending from Martselang to Khaltsi. Gia was the seat of government of the first Mon ruler having been elected by the whole tribe. His kingdom included the villages mentioned above, all of which was inhabited by the Mons people He was known by the title Gyapacho, derived from his being the master of Gia. [...] In the post-partition scenario, Pakistan and China illegally occupied 78,114 sq. km and 37,555 sq.km of the state, respectively while the remaining part of the state acceded to India. Pakistan also illegally gifted 5180 sq.kms of this area to China. Ladakh, comprising the areas of present Leh and Kargil districts, became one of the seven districts of the State. In 1979 when the reorganization of the districts was carried out, the Ladakh district was divided into two full fledged district of Leh and Kargil
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-23): Ladakh’s main socio-political groupings, Leh Apex Body (LAB) and Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA), have asked the Centre to extend Ladakh’s territorial control up to Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and ensure internal stability by granting Statehood with guarantees of the Sixth Schedule to fight the threat from China. [...] It highlighted that Ladakh holds a significant position for strategic location vis-a-vis China and Pakistan. "Empowering the locals will foster stability. The understanding of the locals of the harsh terrain and the geography of Ladakh has always proved helpful in the military and logistic operations," it said. [...] The two socio-political amalgams also underlined that the territory of Ladakh extends to Gilgit-Baltistan. "Therefore, attempts should be made to include this area into Ladakh as well and just like the UT of J&K, seats should be reserved for the same," it said.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-24): Thousands of people in the remote region of Ladakh have been protesting for over two weeks in freezing temperatures, demanding constitutional provisions from the Indian government to protect their territory's fragile ecology and to have autonomy over land and agriculture decisions. Situated between India, Pakistan and China, Ladakh has faced territorial disputes and suffered the effects of climate change. Shifting weather patterns in the sparsely populated villages altered people's lives through floods, landslides and droughts. [...] In August 2019, Ladakh was split from Indian-controlled Kashmir after New Delhi stripped the disputed region of its statehood and semiautonomy.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-09-19): The demand for Ladakh to be separated from Kashmir and granted Union Territory (UT) status in India is therefore as old as the history of Ladakh post-partition. Sensing the public mood early on, in 1979 the J&K government divided the region into two districts: Leh, which has a Buddhist majority, and Kargil, with a Muslim majority. This step was taken in order to divide the people along religious lines and also to swing the Muslim vote (especially in Kargil) to favour the Kashmiri politicians. [...] India has fought two major wars with Pakistan over the territory: along the Nubra front in 1971,2 and the Kargil War in 1999 in the Batalik and Drass sectors. India also engaged in a full-fledged war with China in 1962 along the Ladakh front, when the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) invaded Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh (then known as the North-East Frontier Agency) in a synchronised attack. [...] It is important to note, as already mentioned, that the earlier division of Ladakh into two districts along religious lines laid the foundation stone for the differences between these two districts. Their politicians have never been on the same page, whether concerning the election of an MP or the issue of UT status. On the contrary, the politicians in Kargil have demanded the creation of a greater Ladakh which would also include Baltistan, in the northern territory of Pakistan. And while true that the majority of Ladakhis are happy with the move to UT status, it has to be said that being given UT status without a legislature nonetheless raises concerns.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-15): After decades as a bilateral conflict between the two South Asian nuclear rival nations, India and Pakistan, Kashmir has now become a triangular geopolitical dispute. The clashes between Chinese and Indian forces in the eastern Kashmiri region of Ladakh have created a two-front battlespace for India. Chinese incursions into Indian-administered territory will embolden Pakistan to up its support for Kashmiri separatists, which will greatly aggravate the struggle over the disputed region. From the U.S. perspective, there is an opportunity to align with India to try to gain advantage over a China that has increasingly become a challenge. However, there are also risks of further insecurity and instability in the region. [...] The separation of Ladakh from Jammu and Kashmir was a way for New Delhi to try to better manage the restive region and deal with the dispute with Pakistan. But it appears to have triggered Chinese concerns about the future of their control over large parts of Ladakh. Beijing is not just reacting to New Delhi’s strategic move to reorganize the largest chunk of Kashmir, which is under India’s control. The Indian military has been building roads and bridges along a large segment of the LAC that separates Chinese-held parts of Kashmir from those under Indian-administration — moves that Beijing feels are likely part of New Delhi’s efforts to weaken the Chinese position in Aksai Chin.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh. [...] Ladakh has been contested by India and Pakistan since the dissolution of British India in 1947; after the ceasefire agreement of 1949, its southeastern portion went to India and the remainder to Pakistan. The region has been the site of several border skirmishes since; in 1999 India and Pakistan fought the Kargil War with Pakistani fighters eventually withdrawing from India-administered territory they had infiltrated. The Siachen Glacier, situated in the Karakoram Range, is claimed by both India and Pakistan. China gained control of its portion of Ladakh when its forces entered the region in the early 1960s. In 2020 Indian and Chinese soldiers clashed in a confrontation at the Galwan river valley in northeastern Ladakh.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-06): If China’s energy security is to rely on land-based oil and gas pipelines connecting friendly energy producers to China, the pipelines must be outside the effective military reach of hostile powers. According to the DoD’s China report, the critical first phase of Beijing’s three-phase military modernisation programme is expected to be completed by 2027. From a military perspective, the most logical land route to seize Kashgar would be to march an expeditionary force along the road which runs from Kargil, on the Line of Control with Pakistan near the west bank of the Indus River in the Indian union territory of Ladakh, and cross into Pakistan-held Kashmir, proceeding via Skardu to Gilgit and then following the road connecting Gilgit to the Khunjerab Pass. Essentially, the invasion route would run through Pakistan-administered Kashmir, over which India claims sovereignty as the area was part of the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir when it acceded to India in October 1947. The only way China can prevent such a possible attack would be to pre-emptively wrest control of a strategically significant portion of Eastern Ladakh from India and to annex the seized territory and incorporate it into Aksai Chin.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-16): Ladakh lost special controls over its land in 2019, following a controversial move by the Indian central government that stripped the former state of Jammu and Kashmir of its statehood and broke off Ladakh, which had been a part of it, into a separate territory. [...] China doesn’t recognize what its Foreign Ministry has called the "so-called union territory of Ladakh," saying the "western section of the China-India border has always belonged to China." In addition to China, the territory of Ladakh also shares a disputed border with Pakistan, another neighbor with which New Delhi has fraught relations. [...] "We are with the border with China and Pakistan. How can a sensitive (place) like Ladakh just be turned into a state immediately?" the local party leader, Phunchok Stanzin, told CNN.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-24): Understandably, due to its evolving ties with China and rivalry with India, Pakistan has been viewing the Ladakh standoff through a Chinese lens. The episode has gained substantial space in mainstream Pakistani media. As expected, there are India-bashing commentaries, analysis, and coverage on TV channels, along with official backing. The reason is obvious: Pakistan, like China, has its own long-standing territorial dispute with India. That has led to wars between the two countries, as well as frequent clashes along the Line of Control, dividing the disputed Kashmir between India and Pakistan. Civilians have lost their lives on both sides of de facto border. [...] The question of Kashmir has stymied relations between India and Pakistan from the very beginning. Now it is undermining ties between China and India. India claims Kashimr in its entirety and does not want any external mediation over the issue – not even from the United States, its ally in the region. Pakistan, however, calls Kashmir a disputed territory and has encouraged international intervention. Now the Chinese and Indian standoff at Ladakh give credence to Pakistan’s claim that Kashmir is indeed disputed.
Claim: Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan (Ladakh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-09): In 1989, Pakistan capitalized upon a burgeoning resistance movement in Indian-administered Kashmir to undermine Indian control, reigniting tensions and beginning decades of communal violence. Despite a recommitment to the LOC in 1999, Pakistani soldiers crossed the LOC, sparking the Kargil War. Although both countries have maintained a fragile cease-fire since 2003, they regularly exchange fire across the contested border. Both sides accuse the other of violating the cease-fire and claim to be shooting in response to attacks. [...] Separately, China has increasingly waded into the volatile region, stepping up its own border dispute with India in the Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh border regions. In 2020, clashes broke out in the Galwan Valley over territory in Ladakh, and another skirmish occurred in 2022 near the countries’ Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Arunachal Pradesh. In April 2023, India pushed back against China’s renaming of thirty places in Arunachal Pradesh, calling the region an "integral" part of India. Other than at its shared disputed borders, China poses a significant threat to India through its collaboration with Pakistan. In recent years, China has increased its military, political, and economic cooperation with Pakistan, namely through China’s joint investment with Pakistan in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Infrastructural projects under CPEC include hydroelectric power stations and fiber-optic cabling along the disputed Kashmir territory. The fighting and intimidation tactics in the region have prompted greater militarization along the disputed borders, as India now fears the prospect of a conflict with China and Pakistan.
Claim: Outer Mongolia is a territory of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Outer Mongolia[a] was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia[b] and the Russian republic of Tuva. The historical region gained de facto independence from Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution. [...] Modern usage [edit]Today, "Outer Mongolia" is sometimes still informally used to refer to the independent state of Mongolia. To avoid confusion between Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia, Chinese sources generally refer to the former as the "State of Mongolia" (Chinese: 蒙古国; pinyin: Měnggǔ Guó); that is, the translation of the official name in Mongolian, Монгол Улс/Mongol Uls, instead of just "Mongolia" (Chinese: 蒙古; pinyin: Měnggǔ), which could refer to the entire Mongolian region. "Outer Mongolia" is also used sometimes used colloquially in the English language as a hyperbole to refer to a place that is very far away.