copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Wake Island is an important part of the Marshall Islands chain. It is a coral island in the shape of an atoll located in the Western Pacific Ocean. It is in the northeastern area of Micronesia, and it has played an important military role over the years. It is approximately 2,000 miles away from Tokyo, 1,500 miles away from Guam, and 2,300 miles west of Hawaii. It has been claimed by the United States over the years, but it is currently claimed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Wake Island is one of the most isolated islands in the world, as the nearest inhabited island in the Marshall Islands is close to 600 miles away. [...] At the end of World War II, there was a significant increase in international air travel. Advances were made in aeronautics, and Wake Island became a very important base in the Pacific, as planes were looking to refuel as they were traveling between North America and Asia. Regular commercial passenger service started in 1946, and Wake Island saw heavy use. The island also played a very important role in the Korean War, as supply plans would stop on Wake Island to refuel before they proceeded to the Korean peninsula, where they delivered supplies to soldiers. The island also served as a very important location for a missile defense system. During the Cold War, a Missile Impact Location System (MILS) was installed on the island, and it was used to keep track of missile tests that were taking place in North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Early Micronesian and Polynesian settlers probably visited Wake Island, and oral legends tell of periodic voyages to the islands by people from the Marshall Islands. Wake Island was uninhabited when Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana de NEYRA became the first European to see it in 1568 and still had no inhabitants when English captain Samuel WAKE sailed by it in 1796. The United States Exploring Expedition visited the island in 1841, and the US annexed it in 1899 to use as a cable and refueling station for its newly acquired Pacific territories of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Guam. In the 1930s, Pan American Airways built facilities on Wake Island so that it could be used as a stopover for flights from the US to China. In 1941, the US began to install military assets on Wake Island, and Japan then captured the island and held it until the end of World War II. In 1946, commercial airlines resumed using Wake Island as a refueling stop. In 1973, the Marshall Islands claimed Wake Island, based on the oral legends, although the US has not recognized these claims. In 1974, the US military took exclusive control of the island’s airstrip and restricted visitors. In 1978, Bikini Islanders from the Marshall Islands, who were evacuated in the 1950s and 1960s because of US nuclear tests, considered rehoming on Wake Island, but the US military rejected that plan. Since the 1970s, the island has been important for missile defense testing. In 2009, Wake Island was included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): Territorial claim on Wake Island [edit]The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island based on oral legends.[103] While Wake Island has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Ānen Kio (new orthography) or Enen-kio (old orthography).[104][105] The United States does not recognize this claim.[103] [...] Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ ([ɑɔlʲɛbʲænʲɑːorˠɤɡinʲ(i)mˠɑːzʲɛlˠ]) - ^ Wake Island is claimed as a territory of the Marshall Islands, but is also claimed as an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States, with de facto control vested in the Office of Insular Affairs (and all military defenses managed by the United States military). [...] - ^ "Enen Kio (a.k.a. Wake Island) • Marshall Islands Guide". Marshall Islands Guide. December 16, 2016. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-04-25): This unincorporated US territory is a strategically important island atoll in the Western Pacific Ocean that was claimed by the United States on January 17th, 1899. The island is unintegrated and set apart from other islands in the Pacific by a distance of 592 miles from its nearest neighbor, the Utirik Atoll, which is part of the Marshall Islands. Wake Island is actually composed of three islets. Namely, these are Wake, Wilkes, and Peale. These three islets are positioned around a lagoon. The atoll has a less than three square mile land area, and its location is in the central Pacific. The island was named after Captain Samuel Wake of the British Merchantmen who visited the island in 1796. [...] The United States has not incorporated and organized Wake Island, and as such many governmental services are lacking. Conservation efforts by wildlife personnel is virtually nil, and the parrotfish and wrasse populations have declined considerably here, both of which have been listed as "vulnerable" species. Once a thriving population, the Wake Rails that were once found living on the island is now extinct due to hunting for food by the Japanese during World War II. The island was the scene of a battle between Japanese soldiers and American soldiers in the Second World War after the Japanese made two attacks on the island. On December 23rd, 1941, they occupied the island and held US soldiers prisoners until their surrender in 1945 to the US forces. Today, the Marshall Islands still has an ongoing disputed claim to Wake Island.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): In 1973, the Marshall Islands claimed Wake Island based on the oral legends, although the US has not recognized these claims. In 1974, the US military took exclusive control of the island’s airstrip and restricted visitors. In 1978, Bikini Islanders from the Marshall Islands, who were evacuated in the 1950s and 1960s because of US nuclear tests, considered rehoming on Wake Island, but the US military rejected that plan. Since the 1970s, the island has been important for missile defense testing. In 2009, Wake Island was included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. [...] US-Marshall Islands: in May 2016, the Marshall Islands filed a declaration of authority with the UN over Wake Island, which is currently a US territory, reaffirming that it considers Wake Island part of its territory (the Marshall Islands refer to Wake as Enen Kio or Eneen Kio, meaning Island of the Kio Flower); control over Wake Island would drastically increase the Marshall Islands’ exclusive economic zone
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-24): Wake Island is an island in the western Pacific Ocean that is an unorganized, unincorporated US territory. However, Wake Island is also claimed by the Marshall Islands. The island, which is a coral atoll and sometimes referred to as Wake Atoll, is located in the northeastern part of the region of Micronesia, approximately 1,501 miles from Guam, 2,298 miles from Honolulu, 1,991 miles from Tokyo, and 898 miles from Majuro. However, the closest inhabited island is Utirik Atoll, which is 592 miles away in the Marshall Islands. The island was claimed by the United States on January 17, 1899, and has an area of approximately 5.35 square miles. Most activity on the island is linked to Wake Island Airfield, which is used by the United States Air Force as a refueling stop or for emergency landings. With a length of about 9,800 feet, the airfield is the longest strategic runway in the Pacific region.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-15): Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a coral atoll having a coastline of 12 miles (19.3 kilometers) in the North Pacific Ocean, formerly known as Halcyon Island, or Helsion Island atoll. It is located about two-thirds of the way from Honolulu, Hawaii (2,300 statute miles, 2,004 nautical miles, or 3,700 km west) to Guam (1,510 statute miles, 1,302 nautical miles, or 2,430 km east). Wake Island is actually an atoll comprising three islands, Wake, Wilkes, and Peale, surrounding a central lagoon, and is built upon a volcano. [...] Some scant indigenous Marshallese oral tradition suggests that prior to European exploration, nearby Marshall Islanders traveled to what is now Wake Island, which the travelers called Enen-kio after a small orange shrub-flower (Kio) said to have been found on the atoll. [...] Based upon this oral tradition, along with concepts of first-usage lands rights claims commonly held in Micronesian cultures as legitimate for settling indigenous land disputes, a small separatist group of Marshall Island descendants who call themselves the Kingdom of EnenKio lay claim to Wake Island. The Marshall Islands and U.S. governments, who also have competing claims over the island, vigorously deny the claim.[3] No evidence suggests there was ever a permanent settlement of Marshall Islanders on Wake Island, for the land is too dry and not suitable for habitation.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-10): On December 7, 1941, Japan staged a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, severely damaging the US Pacific Fleet. When Germany and Italy declared war on the United States days later, America found itself in a global war. Japan launched a relentless assault that swept through the US territories of Guam, Wake Island, and the Philippines, as well as British-controlled Hong Kong, Malaya, and Burma. Yet, with much of the US fleet destroyed and a nation unprepared for war, America and its allies decided they needed to save Great Britain and defeat Germany first.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-26): On Sept. 29, 1994, the U.S. Air Force issued a six-month permit to the Department of the Army to use Wake Island. Perhaps best known for its role in World War II, Wake Island was a U.S. Territory with no permanent residents. The small coral and limestone atoll, which measures only 2.9 square miles, was nevertheless equipped with some of the necessary infrastructure. In addition, at a distance of 1,443 kilometers from Kwajalein Missile Range, Wake Island was an ideal venue. [...] Using the Starbird facilities constructed in the 1980s, Wake Island would support the Theater Missile Defense Critical Measurements Program and serve as a launch venue for Theater Missile Defense, or TMD test programs, launching target missiles toward the U.S. Army's Kwajalein Missile Range located in the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-12-29): The Marshall Islands is comprised of two parallel island chains of 29 atolls (made up of many islets), and 5 islands in the North Pacific Ocean (about halfway between Hawaii and Australia). The two island chains are known as Ratak (meaning "sunrise") and Ralik (meaning "sunset"), respectively. The chains lie about 200 kilometres apart and extend almost 1300km northwest to southeast. Majuro atoll is the capital of the country, and government offices are located in the town of Delap-Uliga-Djarrit, named for three islands that were once separated and later joined by landfill. Marshall Islands’ nearest neighbours are Wake Island (north), Kiribati and Nauru (south), and the Federated States of Micronesia (west). The estimated population of the Marshall Islands is approximately 73,000 people (CIA World Factbook 2017). The most populous atolls are Majuro and Kwajalein which together have almost 75% of the country’s total population. The rest of the population lives in traditional villages on the outer islands away from the two urban centres (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2017). The Marshall Islands consist of approximately 180 sq. kilometres of land spread across just under 2,000,000 sq. kilometres of ocean. These characteristics make it vulnerable to natural disasters, and effects of climate change (US State Department 2017).
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-07): Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a coral atoll in the western Pacific Ocean in the northeastern area of the Micronesia subregion, 1,501 miles (2,416 kilometers) east of Guam, 2,298 miles (3,698 kilometers) west of Honolulu, 1,991 miles (3,204 kilometers) southeast of Tokyo, and 898 miles (1,445 kilometers) north of Majuro. The island is an unorganized, unincorporated territory belonging to, but not a part of, the United States that is also claimed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Wake Island is one of the most isolated islands in the world and the nearest inhabited island is Utirik … [...] Vietnam VNM Solar PV 1054 9500 238 UM 265 Wake Island (U.S.) UMI Solar PV 1236 9500 35 239 … 264 Vietnam VNM 2213 35000 238 UM 265 Wake Island (U.S.) UMI 1554 35000 239 WF 266 Wallis … [...] Northern Marianas, Wake Island Area: Guam Statewide Northern Marianas Statewide Wake Island Statewide ___ …
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-12-23): The United States took possession of Wake Island at the commencement of its flirtation with imperialism in 1898. Devoid of human inhabitants or potable water, the place hardly seemed worth the trouble. From the sky, the atoll resembled a broken wishbone, with its three misshapen islets named Wake, Wilkes, and Peale. As Japanese American relations simmered with increasing heat four decades later, however, Wake Island’s low-lying, two-and-a-half square miles of coral sand and rock acquired strategic value. A report filed by the US Navy’s Hepburn Board in late 1938 recommended the atoll’s conversion into a base for landplanes, seaplanes, and submarines as part of the Hawaiian Naval Coastal Frontier, which would screen Pearl Harbor from Japanese attacks emanating from the southwest. [...] "Wake Island began the war magnificently for the Marine Corps, and America found that the old soldierly virtues are still embodied in its fighting men. . . . Out of such actions as this a people’s strength and ultimate victory must come. America remembers Wake Island and is proud. The enemy remembers Wake Island and is uneasy."
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Did you know Wake Island is a strategically positioned refueling stop for military aircraft in the middle of the Pacific Ocean located roughly 2,300 miles west of Honolulu and 1,500 miles east of Guam? [...] Wake Island, a U.S. Territory under administrative control of the Department of the Air Force, is less than 3 square miles – half the size of Key West, Florida – and has limited local resources. Guthrie worked with Wake Island military leadership to identify a solution. [...] This work, Wake Island: Trans-Pacific refueling, by Connie Braesch, identified by DVIDS, must comply with the restrictions shown on https://www.dvidshub.net/about/copyright.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-12-22): Filing requirements for specific U.S. territories are explained in Publication 570, Tax Guide for Individuals With Income From U.S. Possessions. Possession exclusion for bona fide residents of American Samoa Currently, the possession exclusion - under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section 931 - applies only to U.S. citizens or resident aliens who are bona fide residents of American Samoa. If you qualify for this exclusion, you may have to attach Form 4563, Exclusion of Income for Bona Fide Residents of American Samoa, to their U.S. federal individual income tax returns. Individuals in the following U.S. territories are NOT eligible for the possession exclusion: Baker Island, the CNMI, Guam, Howland Islands, Jarvis Island, Johnston Island, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wake Island. Please refer to Publication 570, Tax Guide for Individuals With Income From U.S. Possessions, for the exclusions, credits, and deductions which apply to residents of the CNMI, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Now, an atoll in the Marshall Islands may soon join that list, thanks to the joint efforts of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services, the nonprofit Island Conservation, Colorado State University’s Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands, and many other partners. Together, they form the Wake Atoll Rat Eradication Project team. Wake Atoll, the northernmost atoll of the Marshalls, lies about 2,200 miles west of Honolulu. It comprises three coral islands, Peale, Wilkes, and Wake, which is home to an active Air Force installation. The atoll’s lagoon and surrounding waters are managed as the Wake Atoll National Wildlife Refuge and are part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. [...] Similarly, ongoing monitoring on Wake Atoll will be necessary to verify that all rats have successfully been eliminated. For a full year, the WAREP team will respond immediately to any sign of rodents by placing additional bait and traps. To head off new incursions, Wake Island Airfield is also implementing stronger biosecurity procedures for arriving ships and planes. The base already uses rodent traps on docks, rodent guards on mooring lines, and similar measures; it will expand those efforts and add others to target potential invasives such as insects, plants, and reptiles.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-01): In 1973, the Marshall Islands claimed Wake Island based on the oral legends, although the US has not recognized these claims. In 1974, the US military took exclusive control of the island’s airstrip and restricted visitors. In 1978, Bikini Islanders from the Marshall Islands, who were evacuated in the 1950s and 1960s because of US nuclear tests, considered rehoming on Wake Island, but the US military rejected that plan. Since the 1970s, the island has been important for missile defense testing. In 2009, Wake Island was included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. [...] US-Marshall Islands: in May 2016, the Marshall Islands filed a declaration of authority with the UN over Wake Island, which is currently a US territory, reaffirming that it considers Wake Island part of its territory; control over Wake Island would drastically increase the Marshall Islands’ exclusive economic zone; the US State Department is assembling a group of experts from both countries to discuss the maritime boundary
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-01): The great distances that separate Wake Atoll from the northern Marshall Islands and from other islands in the region, and its barren nature, suggest that Wake Atoll may never have been permanently inhabited by the migrants from the Malaysian-Indonesian region that settled the Marshall Islands to the south thousands of years ago. There have been no reports of artifacts from that wave of migrations. Wake was discovered by Captain William Wake of the British schooner Prince William Henry in 1796, although there are claims that it was visited by Europeans as early as 1568. The position of Wake was determined in December 1841 by Charles Wilkes, leader of a U.S. exploring expedition. The two smaller of the three islets on Wake Atoll were named in honor of Wilkes and the artist Titian Peale on the same cruise by A. Wetmore of the USS Tanager expedition in July 1923. The U.S. flag was raised on Wake in 1898 by General F.V. Green from the SS China and again by General Merritt from the U.S. Army Transport Thomas.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Wake Island, atoll in the central Pacific Ocean, about 2,300 miles (3,700 km) west of Honolulu. It is an unincorporated territory of the United States and comprises three low-lying coral islets (Wilkes, Peale, and Wake) that rise from an underwater volcano to 21 feet (6 metres) above sea level and are linked by causeways. They lie in a crescent configuration on a reef 4.5 miles (7.2 km) long and 2 miles (3.2 km) wide surrounding a lagoon, the volcano’s crater; the total land area is 2.5 square miles (6.5 square km). The atoll receives little rainfall, which may explain the absence of inhabitants when it was first sighted (1568) by the Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña. Large rainwater catchments and a distillation plant for seawater have alleviated the problem. The atoll was visited by the British mariner William Wake (1796) and was charted by a U.S. expedition under Lieut. Charles Wilkes (1841). It was formally claimed by the United States in 1899 for the site of a cable station and was placed under naval jurisdiction in 1934. The following year a commercial seaplane base and hotel were built for overnight stops on transpacific flights to Guam and the Philippines.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-04-23): EPA's Pacific Islands Office (PIO) works with the U.S. territories in the Pacific Ocean, including Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (which includes Saipan, Rota and Tinian), and Wake Island. To a lesser extent we work with the former trust territories and now Freely Associated States of Palau, the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia. [...] PIO has several ongoing initiatives in non-flag areas. We are involved in the implementation of the treaty (i.e., Compacts of Free Association) obligations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, where PIO works closely with local government and the Army's Space and Missile Defense Command to develop and implement environmental standards for the Kwajalein Missile Range. On Wake Atoll, we are working with the Army to achieve compliance with applicable environmental standards.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Located about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) west of Hawaii and 600 miles (approximately 1,000 km) north of the Japanese-held Marshall Islands, Wake Island impressed American naval planners as an ideal site for an advance defensive outpost. In January 1941 a consortium of civilian firms called Contractors Pacific Naval Air Bases (CPNAB) began construction of military facilities on the atoll. By December CPNAB had more than 1,100 construction workers toiling on Wake, but they did not complete their work before the outbreak of war between Japan and the United States. A garrison of 449 U.S. Marines, several dozen navy personnel, and a handful of army radio operators also were stationed on Wake. That force had nearly 2,100 fewer troops than American strategists had deemed necessary to properly defend the atoll. The island’s defenders were equipped with six 5-inch (127-mm) coastal artillery pieces, 12 3-inch (76-mm) antiaircraft guns, 12 F4F Wildcat fighter planes, and an assortment of machine guns and small arms. Forty-five Guamanian men, employed by Pan American Airways as part of its transpacific Clipper service, rounded out the atoll’s human population.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-01): Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress. [...] Photo courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration. [...] Photo courtesy of the U.S. Maritime Administration.