copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): El cerro Murallón es una montaña glaciarizada de la cordillera de los Andes en la Patagonia, ubicada en el borde oriental del campo de hielo patagónico sur al sudoeste del lago Viedma y al noroeste del lago Argentino, en el límite entre Argentina y Chile. [...] El cerro Murallón es un hito topográfico acordado en 1898 en las actas de los peritos demarcadores de la frontera argentino chilena, por ser una cumbre divisoria continental de aguas. Fue confirmado definitivamente como hito fronterizo en el acuerdo para precisar el recorrido del límite desde el Monte Fitz Roy hasta el Cerro Daudet entre ambos países el 16 de diciembre de 1998. [...] - ↑ Peakbagger - ↑ Fotografía del cerro Murallón - ↑ Tecpetrol Archivado el 29 de enero de 2012 en Wayback Machine.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-01): An interesting geopolitical aspect of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field involves a 50-kilometer (30-mile) stretch of the Chile-Argentina border between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murallón, which remains undefined on the ice field. This border section represents the last unresolved border issue between the two nations, highlighting the unique challenges the icy terrain poses.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-24): In 2003 and 2004, always in November and December, Robert Jasper and I dragged ourselves to the base of the 1000-meter-high north wall of Cerro Murallon (2656m), failing both times. In 2005 we returned; the mountain had possessed us. Hans [...] The north face of Cerro Murallon (2656m), Argentine Patagonia, showing Vom Winde Verweht ("Gone With the Wind": VI 5.13- A2, 27 pitches). Glowacz and Robert Jasper completed their route on their third attempt in three years, summiting at 9 p.m. on November 13 after a two-day push and rappelling through the night to reach camp. [Photo] Klaus Fengler [...] In 2004 we’d climbed to 300 meters below the summit, above the main difficulties, when gale-force storms stopped us. Now we had to climb each meter again with fixed ropes. Since there were only two of us to do all the work, we had to carry more weight, rest less frequently and experience a higher level of risk than if we’d been with a larger team.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-06-04): Additionally, within the Santa Cruz province, there are a number of protected areas, including Patagonia National Park (Parque Nacional Patagonia), Perito Moreno National Park (Parque Nacional Perito Moreno), Lago del Desierto Provincial Reserve (Reserva Provincial Lago del Desierto), Los Glaciares National Park (Parque Nacional Los Glaciares), and Monte León National Park (Parque Nacional Monte León). [...] To this day there is still a section of border between Chile and Argentina that is up for dispute. A vast section of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field that both countries claim as their own. This region spans from Monte Fitz Roy to Cerro Murallón. [...] Situated along the east coast of the Santa Cruz province lies Monte León National Park. The park was established to help preserve the biodiversity of the region as well as protect numerous paleontological sites.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-06): Respecto a los límites de la sección A -del cerro Murallón al monte Daudet-, Chile no opuso objeciones. El trazado beneficia sus aspiraciones geopolíticas porque se inclina hacia el este, un área de pertenencia geográfica de la Argentina. Y en cuanto a la sección B - del monte Fitz Roy al cerro Murallón-, Argentina nunca logró que Chile aprobará la demarcación legal. Si se así ocurriera, Argentina se acercaría muchísimo al Océano Pacífico, una circunstancia geopolítica que se rechaza de plano al otro lado de la cordillera. [...] La postura de Piñera implica que Chile añadió mil kilómetros cuadrados más a su territorio que pertenecen a la Argentina por el tratado suscripto en 1998. Ese acuerdo bilateral siempre fue aceptado por ambos países y sólo faltaba delimitar la sección B entre el Monte Fitz Roy y el cerro Murallón.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): En 1998, Argentina y Chile dialogan poner fin al litigio del campo de hielo Patagónico Sur, fruto de esto surge un acuerdo que planeaba redefinir la demarcación entre el monte Fitz Roy y el cerro Daudet, sin embargo éste solo redefinió la zona entre el cerro Murallón y el cerro Daudet (correspondiente a la sección A del Acuerdo) y trazó una parte del límite entre el monte Fitz Roy y el cordón montañoso que se encuentra al oeste del mismo. Ambos países no pudieron ponerse de acuerdo sobre el límite entre el Fitz Roy y el cerro Murallón, por lo tanto se llegó al siguiente acuerdo sobre la zona en cuestión (sección B):[1] [...] Cerro Mirador, Parque Nacional Puyehue.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-21): CPHS, corresponde a la mayor masa de hielo del hemisferio sur fuera de la Antártica, en cuanto a su morfología, está compuesto por 49 glaciares, sumado a unos cien glaciares de menor tamaño que existen entre la cordillera de los Andes al occidente y al oriente. En la zona de acumulación, los hielos se unen de manera uniforme y plana, llamada ‘‘plateau’’, teniendo como altura unos 1600 metros. Existe una zona que permite la localización de los glaciares más grandes de los campos de hielo, al norte del cerro Murallón (cercano al lugar del conflicto) la zona cordillerana se torna más ancha ,contribuyendo a la formación de glaciares de mayor extensión. [...] - Vista aérea de la zona sin limites definidos, cercana al cerro Murallón, Patagonia / © NASA. Link ubicación
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-04-19): Description. It involves climbing part way up the SE ridge, then traversing west, across the ice-field on top of the south face, to join the Ragni Route somewhere above the Elmo, to then continue along that route to the summit. Lied and Saeland had hope to do a bolt-free ascent, but discouraged by a rime mushroom on the 12th pitch they climbed the first bolt ladder of the Compressor Route, heading straight up to the ridge after reaching the obvious chimney. In 2013 Haley and Kellogg completed an ascent without using any Compressor Route bolts for progression, climbing up the Filo Sureste route to then traverse west to join the Ragni Route. [...] CLIMBING AREAS Chaltén Massif Cerro San Lorenzo Cerro Murallón Cerro Riso Patron Cerro Catedral/Frey Tetons (USA)
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-08-31): Respecto a los límites de la sección A -del cerro Murallón al monte Daudet-, Chile no opuso objeciones. El trazado beneficia sus aspiraciones geopolíticas porque se inclina hacia el este, un área de pertenencia geográfica de la Argentina. Y en cuanto a la sección B - del monte Fitz Roy al cerro Murallón-, Argentina nunca logró que Chile aprobará la demarcación legal. Se tardó trece años para elaborar un carta a escala 1:50.000, y desde ese momento, el Palacio de la Moneda postergó todas las respuestas a los planteos diplomáticos de la Casa Rosada. [...] La postura de Piñera implica que Chile añadió mil kilómetros cuadrados más a su territorio que pertenecen a la Argentina por el tratado suscripto en 1998. Ese acuerdo bilateral siempre fue aceptado por ambos países y sólo faltaba delimitar la sección B entre el Monte Fitz Roy y el cerro Murallón.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-03-15): Ezio Alimonta, Carlo Claus and Cesare Maestri (Italy), 2/12/1970 to 60 meters from the summit. Steve Brewer and Jim Bridwell (USA) 4/1/1979 to the summit. [...] As part of his "vengeance" Maestri decided to attempt the route in the winter. He used a helicopter to carry equipment to the base of the peak, including a 180kg air compressor, and a wooden hut that was placed on the glacier near the base. Alimonta, Claus and Maestri spent 54 days working on the route in harsh winter conditions, and after climbing 600 meters they gave up. Also part of the expedition were C. Fava, R. Valentini and P. Vidi. They returned a few months later, in Spring, with a larger team that also included D. Angeli, C. Baldessari, F. Barozzi and J. Spickerman. On this occasion Maestri stopped some 60 meters below the summit, close to the end of the headwall, but still on vertical ground. He dismissed the final ice and snow commenting: "It's just a lump of ice, not really part of the mountain, it will blow away one of these days." Regarding Maestri’s high-point, Bridwell commented, "Looking up I saw seven broken bolts leading up and slightly right, but 25 meters of blank granite stretched between the last bolt and the summit snow. [...] CLIMBING AREAS Chaltén Massif Cerro San Lorenzo Cerro Murallón Cerro Riso Patron Cerro Catedral/Frey Tetons (USA)
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-12): Este límite «histórico» lo había afirmado la propia Argentina y su perito Francisco P. Moreno [ARGENTINE-CHILIAN BOUNDARY 1900], durante el arbitraje de Su Majestad Británica (arbitraje que culminó con el Laudo de 1902). Transcurre por la cumbre de los cerros Fitz Roy, Torre, Huemules, Campana, Agassiz y Stokes, los que fueron escogidos como «hitos naturales» que conforman los «trechos o puntos» que constituyen el límite acordado según las Actas de 1898. Adicionalmente, la Oficina de Límites Internacionales argentina reconoció como hitos naturales en el CHPS a los cerros Heim y Mayo [La frontera Argentino-Chilena. Demarcación general, 1894-1906, tomo I, pp. 464-5]. La nueva línea divisoria (Frei/Menem) ha sido ya acordada en la parte sur del área del CHPS, entre el monte Murallón y el cerro Daudet; y la Cancillería chilena informa que resta por trazar la línea entre los montes Fitz Roy y Murallón.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): In the years 1990-1991, Argentina’s territorial claims continued to surface, reopening the issue seemingly settled in 1898 through the Experts’ Report. The border between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Daudet was renegotiated by Argentina, claiming 2,500 km2 of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. At that time, Chile lacked official maps at the necessary scale to negotiate this demand in its favour, and some voices argued that there was no intention to do so. Therefore, the task of the new demarcation was transferred to the Chile-Argentina Mixed Boundary Commission. Of the total 2,500 km2 claimed by Argentina, approximately 1,000 km2 are in the so-called Zone B, between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murallon, for which no official demarcations had been established to date. The revision of the border between Cerro Murallon and Cerro Daudet in favour of Argentina sparked another wave of discontent among the public opinion, with citizens questioning what they stood to gain from willingly ceding to Argentina 2,500 km2 of Chilean territory of immense beauty, with ancient ice and part of the Torres del Paine National Park.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The most famous of Ice Field adventurers is the legendary English mountaineer Eric Shipton who led several successful expeditions. In 1960, Shipton together with fellow Englishman Jack Ewer, a professor at the University of Chile and accomplished Chilean climber Cedomir Marangunic completed a 52-day crossing of the ice field from Jorge Montt Glacier to the edge of the Upsala glacier and over a series of peaks, including Cerro Murallon. Shipton later crossed the Northern Ice Field from west to east, starting at San Rafael Glacier and finishing at the Cochrane river, making the first ascent of Cerro Arco in the process. [...] The Patagonian Ice Field largely remains a frontier landscape, with part of the border still not agreed upon by Chile and Argentina. A particular point of contention is a 50km stretch of border between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murallon which remains the only contested area following the demarcation of 24 disputed borders in 1990. Territorial disputes remain unresolved as each country eyes the enormous freshwater resources preserved in the glacial ice.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Our only photograph of the face had been taken in summer, and what we saw now barely resembled the dry, rocky peak in that photo. The spur we hoped to climb separates the north and east faces. Its lower half was painted in smears of ice, and the upper half plastered in rime. The pillar eventually gave way to a snowy arête and a huge summit mushroom. Our bet on the early season had paid off, as the air was cold and everything on the mountain seemed well glued together. We decided to start climbing immediately, even though we were tired and it was already 4 p.m. Conditions on the wall were great. Three pitches of ice up to 90° brought us to a bivy atop a snowy spur beneath a promising mixed wall. It was only the second day of spring, and the night was chilly, but the air was clear and still, allowing us to see Volcán Lautaro to the north and Cerro Murallón to the south. The immense ice cap, the Hielo Continental, glowed in the light of a full moon.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-14): El pasado 23 de agosto, el Gobierno de Chile conducido por Sebastian Piñera publicó un decreto en el Diario Oficial en el que proyectaba su plataforma marítima en el Atlántico Sur sobre territorio argentino. Esta decisión administrativa provocó la protesta de la República Argentina en la que rechaza su "vocación expansiva" y revive una disputa limítrofe entre ambos países que había sido cerrada con la firma del Tratado de Paz y Amistad en 1984. [...] Sin embargo, las diferencias con Chile no finalizan en el diferendo de la plataforma continental y los 20.000 kilómetros cuadrados del Fondo Marino que es Patrimonio de la Humanidad. Con la firma del Decreto 95, Piñera también desconoce lo pactado en un acuerdo sobre los Hielos Continentales vigente desde 1998. Ese año, Argentina y Chile firmaron un tratado para trazar el límite fronterizo entre el monte Fitz Roy y el monte Daudet, en la zona denominada Hielos Continentales. Este acuerdo contiene dos secciones: una primera sección, para fijar los límites del cerro Murallón al monte Daudet y, una segunda, para fijar el límite desde el monte Fitz Roy al cerro Murallón.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Positioned at the base of the formidable Cerro Torre and Cerro Fitz Roy mountains, the village, founded in the late 1970s amid a border dispute with Chile, has evolved into a thriving hub for adventure seekers. Approximately 350 resilient inhabitants call El Chaltén home, braving the extremes of Patagonia's climate throughout the year. [...] Argentina and Chile have agreed that their international border detours eastwards to pass over the main summit of Mount Fitz Roy. However, a significant portion of the border to the south of the summit, extending to Cerro Murallón, remains undefined, adding an element of intrigue to the region. [...] Cerro Torre, a prominent peak in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, is a testament to nature's sculpting prowess. Situated in a disputed region between Argentina and Chile, west of Fitz Roy, Cerro Torre is part of a four-peak chain that includes Torre Egger, Punta Herron, and Cerro Standhardt. Rising to an elevation of 3,128 meters (10,262 feet), Cerro Torre poses a considerable challenge to climbers, thanks to its unpredictable weather conditions and the constant, formidable winds.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Argentina (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-12-03): - 2022 Tierra del Fuego wildfire - Ana Lake - Bahía Lomas, Dawson Island - Carbajal Valley - Cerro Murallón - Cerro Piergiorgio - Cerro Pollone - Cerro Torre - Circo de los Altares - Clarence Island, Chile - Cook Island, Tierra del Fuego - Cordillera Darwin - Cordillera Sarmiento - Cueva Fell - Dawson Island - Deseado Lake - Desolación Island - Diego Ramírez Islands - Diego Ramírez de Arellano - Estancia Harberton - Evangelistas Islets - Fitz Roy - Gallegos River - Gordon Island - Grey Lake - Hermes Quijada International Airport - Hermite Islands - Hornos Island - Hoste Island - Ildefonso Islands - Invierno mine - Isla Bartolomé - Isla Gonzalo - Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego - Juan Guillermos Island - Karukinka Natural Park - Lago Escondido - Londonderry Island - Mount Darwin (Andes)
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Chile (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-07): Cerro Murallón is a glacier mountain of the Andes, in Patagonia, located on the eastern edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, southwest of Lake Viedma, at the border between Chile and Argentina. [...] Toponymy [edit]Cerro Murallón is named for its immense granite wall it presents.[3] Cerro Murallón was photographed for the first time by the Salesian missionary Alberto María de Agostini in 1949,[4] and its first ascent was made by Eduardo García, Cedomir Marangunic, Eric Shipton and Jack Ewer on January 24, 1961, on its west face. The first climb to the northeast wall was made in 1984 by the Italians Carlo Alde, Casimiro Ferrari and Paolo Vitali.[5][6] [...] - ^ Peakbagger - ^ (in Spanish) Stefan Glowacz, Cerro Murallón, 1er juin 2006 - ^ Tecpetrol Archived 2012-01-29 at the Wayback Machine - ^ "Informe Patagonia". Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Chile (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Southern Patagonian Ice Field section of the border is the last remaining border issue between Chile and Argentina. On August 1, 1991, the governments of Chile and Argentina agreed on a borderline, but the agreement was never ratified by the Argentine legislature. Later, in 1998, both governments agreed to redraw the borderline between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murallón[12][13] Section A (between Cerro Murallón and Daudet) and small part of B (from Fitz Roy to a point defined to the west) was drawn, however, they also agreed that section B (from Fitz Roy to Murallón) would wait until completion of a detailed 1:50,000 scale map of the area with further negotiations. To date, this one section remains the final non-concluded boundary section and has been an irritant in Argentina-Chile relations.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Chile (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Cerro Murallon (Cerro Murallón) is a mountain (class T - Hypsographic) in Region de Antofagasta (Antofagasta), Chile (South America) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe. It is located at an elevation of 1,311 meters above sea level. [...] Weather Cerro Murallón (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.) [...] Map and Photos Cerro Murallon
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Chile (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-14): This area is located 105 kilometers northeast of the city of Valdivia, southern Chile. It includes the lakes Panguipulli, Calafquén, Pirihueico, Pellaifa, Riñihue, Neltume, and Pullingue. Upon arrival, the landscape delivers a warm welcome with dreamy spaces
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Chile (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-12): Currently, this World Biosphere Reserve has species considered endangered so it has been launched a joint campaign between the Government of Valparaiso, the Ministry of Agriculture and local Authorities, whose objective is to raise awareness among visitors so that they do not import species or products, either by air or sea, that could jeopardize the territory's unique ecosystem.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Chile (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-25): Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.[2][3][6][4][5] It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone. [...] Geography [edit]Argentina and Chile have agreed that their international border detours eastwards to pass over the main summit,[2] but a large part of the border to the south of the summit, as far as Cerro Murallón, remains undefined.[8] The mountain is the symbol of the Argentine Santa Cruz Province, which includes its representation on its flag and its coat of arms. [...] External links [edit]- Andeshandbook: complete description, history, place name and routes of Fitz Roy - "Cerro Fitzroy, Argentina/Chile" on Peakbagger - "Fitz Roy". Peakware.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Chile (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-31): The Andes mountain range, where you'll find Cerro Pachón (the mountain Rubin Observatory sits on) is the longest above-water mountain range in the world and the second-highest only after the Himalayas in Asia. The Andes are also highly volcanic! However, the stretch where Cerro Pachón is located doesn’t have any volcanoes at all. Geologists believe that’s because the Pacific tectonic plate slides under the South American plate there at an angle that is too shallow to cause volcanoes. Regardless, the lack of volcanoes means Cerro Pachón and the surrounding mountains are great places for observing the night sky with their high peaks and dry air. [...] Cerro Pachón is also home to many different plant and animal species that have adapted to survive in the high, dry desert climate. Cacti, shrubs, and wildflowers frequent the landscape. Sometimes foxes roam the hillsides or Andean condors swoop overhead, and viscachas (adorable rodents that look like a squirrel-rabbit hybrid) regularly join our scientists for sunset shows. Because it has a desert climate, Cerro Pachón also hosts familiar desert species like lizards, snakes, spiders, scorpions, and a whole bunch of insects.
Claim: Cerro Murallón is a territory of Chile (Cerro Murallón, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-14): Cerro Castillo and lake, in the Aisen area, Chile [...] Cerro Castillo Lagoon, on Las Horquetas Trail [...] All the trails in Cerro Castillo are well marked with yellow signs and critical areas marked along the route to warn of possible risks.