copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2017-07-31): Tamil-speaking women in Sri Lanka’s north and east pushed for accountability and truth during the country’s civil war but have been marginalised during the transitional justice process. The government and international actors must include their voices and address their injustices and difficult economic situation to ensure lasting peace. [...] Tamil speaking women in the north and east have arguably been more affected by the conflict and its aftermath than any other group in Sri Lanka. Tens of thousands of war widows and wives of the missing have been forced to become heads of household and primary income earners, leaving behind traditional domestic roles and entering the public realm to engage politically, economically and socially. They do this in a highly patriarchal context regulated by rigid cultural and social practices, and made insecure by the continued presence of the Sinhalese military. They suffered gender-based violence and abuse throughout the conflict and continue to do so amid a breakdown in social and family structures. Most have urgent unmet socio-economic needs and many suffer crippling trauma. Muslim and Sinhala women in the north and east and other parts of the country face their own challenges arising from the war and must be better included in transitional justice processes.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2024-04-12): Tamils in Sri Lanka - [...] The agreement made provision for the merging of the Northern and Eastern Provinces into one provincial council, pending the outcome of a referendum to be held in the east alone to decide whether the merger should proceed. Provincial councils were to be largely autonomous, and Tamil, Sinhala and English were to be given equal status as administrative languages. Hostilities would officially cease on 31 July 1987, and an amnesty would be granted to all political prisoners after the lifting of the state of emergency in mid-August. In accordance with the agreement, 3,000 Indian troops, designated the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF), were sent to the north-east. [...] Rights violations include the taking over of land for Buddhist religious sites, the emergence of Buddhist symbols and places of worship in minority areas – in some cases where no Buddhists resided – and the denial of Tamils access to Hindu places of worship and cultural sites. Protecting Tamil culture in the north and east, as well as reducing the pressures posed by militarization and rapid in-migration, will therefore be an essential element in ensuring peace and reconciliation in the country. Measures adopted since the beginning of Sirisena’s presidency in 2015, such as allowing the national anthem to be sung in Tamil in Colombo after years of unofficial restrictions, as well as reframing the commemoration of the end of the conflict not as a ‘victory day’ but a day of remembrance, are important steps forward.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2013-05-23): Unprecedented in their recognition of Tamil grievances and aspirations, the 1995 proposals were welcomed by many persons and groups committed to substantial devolution. They were fiercely opposed, however, by sections of the Sinhalese majority community. Considering their parliamentary majority of one, the government was nervous of this opposition. It was not surprising, therefore, that when the proposals were spelled out in greater detail, various changes were included to appease majority opinion. Along with the ongoing war against the LTTE, these changes did much to undermine the promise of the August 1995 proposals. [...] ‘The aspiration of the entire Sri Lankan populace is that the current national crisis centred around the north and east be brought to a peaceful, just and honourable settlement ... The first task is ... a new approach predicated on unqualified acceptance of the fact that the Tamil people have genuine grievances for which solutions must be found. [...] • To give recognition to Sinhala and Tamil as official languages, to accord equality of status to these languages, and to recognise English as a link language;
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2024-09-01): Sri Lanka is home to three main ethnic groups: the Sinhalese, largely Buddhist and concentrated in the south of the island; the Tamils, concentrated in the north-east; and the Muslims, who speak Tamil and have a significant presence in the north-east. A significant number of Tamils of Indian origin live in several parts of the island but are concentrated in the central hill country. [...] 5 Ravi Vaitheespara, "Towards Understanding Militant Tamil Nationalism in Sri Lanka," in Pathways of Dissent: Tamil Nationalism in Sri Lanka, ed. Cheran Rudramoorthy (Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 2009). [...] 7 Nimmi Gowrinathan and Kate Cronin-Furman, The Forever Victims? Tamil Women in Post-War Sri Lanka (New York: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership, 2015).
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2011-03-24): A "The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was founded in 1976 for the purpose of creating a separate Tamil state in Sri Lanka. The group began its war against the Government of Sri Lanka in 1983 and has employed violent means, including bombings and political assassination, to achieve the goal of a separate entity in the North and East of the country. Some 50,000 people are estimated to have died in fourteen years of fighting."2 "Sri Lankan military and intelligence sources that have reported reliably in the past have identified the Ellalan Force as another alias for the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam," which "will hereafter be referred to as the 'LTTE'." "Headquartered in the Jaffna Peninsula [of Sri Lanka], ... Velupillai Prabhakaran," "the founder and leader of Sri Lan- ka's LTTE ... organized the insurgency group to pursue an independent homeland for Tamils in Sri Lanka's northern and eastern regions out of frustration over the ethnic discrimina- tion of the Sri Lankan government, according to press re- ports." "Tamils ... are the mainstay of his organization, according to US military officials." [...] "The LTTE ... uses its international contacts to procure weapons, communications, and bomb-making equipment. The LTTE exploits large Tamil communities in North Amer- ica, Europe, and Asia to obtain funds and supplies for its fighters in Sri Lanka."
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2023-12-07): The law requires court proceedings and other legislation to be available in English, Sinhala, and Tamil. Most courts outside the northern and eastern parts of the country conducted business in English or Sinhala. Trials and hearings in the north and east were in Tamil and English. A shortage of court-appointed interpreters limited the right of Tamil-speaking defendants to free interpretation, as necessary. In several instances courts tried criminal cases originating in the Tamil-speaking north and east in Sinhala-speaking areas, which exacerbated the language difference and increased the difficulty in presenting witnesses who needed to travel. Few legal textbooks were available in Tamil. [...] Both local and Indian-origin Tamils maintained that they suffered long-standing, systematic discrimination in university education, government employment, housing, health services, language laws, and procedures for naturalization of noncitizens. Throughout the country, but especially in the north and east, Tamils reported security forces regularly monitored and harassed members of their community, especially activists, journalists, and NGO staff and former or suspected former LTTE members.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2024-02-14): The Wickremesinghe administration should work to correct the authoritarian legacy of its predecessors by safeguarding freedom of expression and letting civil society groups operate freely, particularly in the north and east. It should stop arresting Tamil community members for the memorialisation of their war dead, and end government actions to appropriate Tamil and Muslim lands, including religious sites, in the north and east. Sri Lankans are grappling with declining economic and social conditions, amid impunity for decades of human rights violations and for official corruption.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2023-07-05): Some attempt was made to codify customary law. The Thesawalamai—laws and customs of the Tamils of Jaffna—was codified in 1707. Because of the difficulty in codifying Sinhalese law and custom in view of its regional diversity and complexity, Roman-Dutch law was increasingly applied to the Sinhalese of the cities and the seacoast, especially to those who professed Christianity. [...] Representing a new strand in the traditions of both Sinhalese and Tamil literature, Christian writings began to appear during the Dutch period. Although most of these new works were translations of basic canonical texts, some were polemics that targeted both Buddhism and Hinduism. The 18th-century writer Jacome Gonƈalves was among the most notable figures in Sri Lankan Christian literature. The VOC’s establishment in 1734 of the first printing press in Sri Lanka—used to meet the needs of missionaries as well as administrators—aided the proliferation of Christian texts. [...] The early changes under British rule were systematized by a series of reforms enacted in 1833, which laid the foundation for the subsequent political and economic structure of Ceylon. Steps were taken to adopt a unitary administrative and judicial system for the whole island. The reforms reduced the autocratic powers of the governor and set up Executive and Legislative councils to share in the task of government; unofficial members (not officials of the government) were gradually appointed to the Legislative Council. English became the language of government and the medium of instruction in schools.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2016-10-01): (2) When the Sinhala language is made a medium of instruction in the University of Ceylon, the Tamil language shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Ceylon University Ordinance and of the Statutes, Acts and Regulations made thereunder, be made a medium of instruction in such University for students who, prior to their admission to such University, have been educated through the medium of the Tamil language. [...] 4. Correspondence between persons, other than officials in their official capacity, educated through the medium of the Tamil language and any official in his official capacity or between any local authority in the Northern or Eastern Province and any official in his official capacity may, as prescribed, be in the Tamil language. 5. In the Northern and Eastern Provinces the Tamil language may be used for prescribed administrative purposes, in addition to the purposes for which that language may be used in accordance with the other provisions of this Act, without prejudice to the use of the official language of Ceylon in respect of those prescribed administrative purposes.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2019-11-18): 1976 - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) formed as tensions increase in Tamil-dominated areas of north and east. [...] 1987 - Government forces push LTTE back into northern city of Jaffna. Government signs accords creating new councils for Tamil areas in north and east and reaches agreement with India on deployment of Indian peace-keeping force. [...] 2009 August - New Tamil Tiger leader Selvarasa Pathmanathan captured overseas by Sri Lankan authorities.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2009-04-28): Formed in 1975, the group has vowed to carve out a separate Tamil state in Sri Lanka. [...] Since Sri Lanka’s independence from Britain in 1948, the Tamil minority has felt increasingly marginalised and politically disenfranchised. In that very year, Solomon Bandaranayake, the country’s first prime minister, made Sinhala, which is spoken by the majority of Sri Lankans, the official language. [...] Formed in 1975 with its base in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka, the group vowed to form a separate state called Tamil Eelam.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Tamil Eelam (Tamil: தமிழீழம், tamiḻ īḻam; generally rendered outside Tamil-speaking areas as தமிழ் ஈழம்) is a proposed independent state that many Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Eelam Tamil diaspora aspire to create in the north and east of Sri Lanka.[5][6][7][8][9] Large sections of the North-East were under de facto control of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for most of the 1990s–2000s during the Sri Lankan Civil War.[10][11] Tamil Eelam, although encompassing the traditional homelands of Eelam Tamils,[12] does not have official status or recognition by world states. The name is derived from the ancient Tamil name for Sri Lanka, Eelam.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2024-09-29): The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE; Tamil: தமிழீழ விடுதலைப் புலிகள், romanized: Tamiḻīḻa viṭutalaip pulikaḷ, Sinhala: දෙමළ ඊලාම් විමුක්ති කොටි සංවිධානය, romanized: Demaḷa īlām vimukti koṭi saṁvidhānaya; also known as the Tamil Tigers) was a Tamil militant organization, that was based in the northern and eastern Sri Lanka. The LTTE fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the northeast of the island[6] in response to violent persecution and discriminatory policies against Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sinhalese-dominated Sri Lankan Government.[7] [...] - ^ Stokke, Kristian (2006). "Building the Tamil Eelam State: Emerging State Institutions and Forms of Governance in LTTE-Controlled Areas in Sri Lanka". Third World Quarterly. 27 (6): 1034. doi:10.1080/01436590600850434. ISSN 0143-6597. JSTOR 4017738. S2CID 45544298. Retrieved 15 December 2023. [...] - ^ The Peace Accord and the Tamils in Sri Lanka. Hennayake S.K. Asian Survey, Vol. 29, No. 4. (April 1989), pp. 401–15.
Claim: Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !! (Social Media Users, 2024-01-23)
Evidence (2023-09-21): The first Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced circa 250 B.C., and the first kingdoms developed at the cities of Anuradhapura (from about 200 B.C. to about A.D. 1000) and Polonnaruwa (from about A.D. 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a South Indian dynasty established a Tamil kingdom in northern Sri Lanka. The Portuguese controlled the coastal areas of the island in the 16th century, followed by the Dutch in the 17th century. The island was ceded to the British in 1796, became a crown colony in 1802, and was formally united under British rule by 1815. As Ceylon, it became independent in 1948; the name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972. Prevailing tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted into war in 1983. Fighting between the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) continued for over a quarter-century. Although Norway brokered peace negotiations that led to a cease-fire in 2002, the fighting slowly resumed and was again in full force by 2006. The government defeated the LTTE in 2009. [...] Country name conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka conventional short form: Sri Lanka local long form: Shri Lanka Prajatantrika Samajavadi Janarajaya (Sinhala)/ Ilankai Jananayaka Choshalichak Kutiyarachu (Tamil) local short form: Shri Lanka (Sinhala)/ Ilankai (Tamil)
Claim: Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening (Social Media Users, 2021-07-13)
Evidence (2021-07-13): From our investigation, it is clear that while there is no scientific basis in the viral claim, anesthesiologists have advised to wait for few days after getting vaccinated, in case of non-emergency surgeries.
Claim: Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening (Social Media Users, 2021-07-13)
Evidence (2024-02-26): The persisting risk of long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the protection against such risk conferred by COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. Here we conducted a retrospective territory-wide cohort study on 1,175,277 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection stratified by their vaccination status and non-infected controls to evaluate the risk of clinical sequelae, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality using a territory-wide public healthcare database with population-based vaccination records in Hong Kong. A progressive reduction in risk of all-cause mortality was observed over one year between patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls. Patients with complete vaccination or have received booster dose incurred a lower risk of health consequences including major cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality than unvaccinated or patients with incomplete vaccination 30-90 days after infection. Completely vaccinated and patients with booster dose of vaccines did not incur significant higher risk of health consequences from 271 and 91 days of infection onwards, respectively, whilst un-vaccinated and incompletely vaccinated patients continued to incur a greater risk of clinical sequelae for up to a year following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provided real-world evidence supporting the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the risk of long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its persistence following infection. [...] Lai, F. T. T. et al. Carditis after COVID-19 vaccination with a messenger RNA vaccine and an inactivated virus vaccine. Ann. Intern. Med.175, 362–370 (2022).
Claim: Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening (Social Media Users, 2021-07-13)
Evidence (2021-11-10): Reactions to a vaccine usually occur shortly after the vaccination and can last for several days. In the case of the COVID-19 vaccines, these can involve pain or tenderness at the injection site — in other words, a sore arm — or headaches. These symptoms show that the body's immune system is dealing with the vaccine. [...] In its safety report, the Paul Ehrlich Institute, a German federal health agency that regulates and researches vaccines and biomedicines, lists known, yet very rare, side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines. They include, for example, myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle, and pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, whereby the causal relationship has not yet been conclusively clarified in the cases reported to date. [...] Leading immunology experts in Germany largely rule out the possibility of people becoming ill years later as a result of COVID-19 vaccinations. The human body reacts to the vaccine immediately after receiving the shot or a few weeks later — and can then develop vaccine reactions or more severe symptoms.
Claim: Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening (Social Media Users, 2021-07-13)
Evidence (2021-03-31): COVID-19 vaccines are safe, and getting vaccinated will help protect you against developing severe COVID-19 disease and dying from COVID-19. You may experience some mild side effects after getting vaccinated, which are signs that your body is building protection. [...] Like any vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects, most of which are mild or moderate and go away within a few days on their own. As shown in the results of clinical trials, more serious or long-lasting side effects are possible. Vaccines are continually monitored to detect adverse events. [...] After vaccination, it usually takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. So it’s possible a person could be infected with SARS-CoV-2 just before or after vaccination and still get sick with
Claim: Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening (Social Media Users, 2021-07-13)
Evidence (2022-02-25): Upon vaccination or infection with COVID-19, your body produces two types of protective immune responses. The first type involves B cells, which produce antibodies. [...] Researchers have also found that the protective immunity acquired from the combination of a COVID-19 infection followed by vaccination – called hybrid immunity – is very potent and remains effective for more than a year after infection with COVID-19. [...] Such studies show how important it is for even people who have been previously infected with COVID-19 to get vaccinated to ensure the most robust protection against COVID-19.
Claim: Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening (Social Media Users, 2021-07-13)
Evidence (2020-12-09): Covid vaccine: What you need to know about vaccine safety [...] The Pfizer vaccine cuts cases of Covid by about 95%, but it does have very common side-effects including pain from the injection, headache, chills and muscle pain. These could affect more than one in 10 people. [...] But this is true for every vaccine that gets approved. It is not a unique or new issue with the Covid jabs.
Claim: Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening (Social Media Users, 2021-07-13)
Evidence (2022-12-07): Most cases assessed results less than six months after the primary vaccination. Most received co-funding from academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies. Most studies compared a COVID-19 vaccine with placebo. Five evaluated the addition of a 'mix and match' booster dose. [...] Different forms of vaccines have been developed to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus and subsequent COVID-19 disease. Several are in widespread use globally. To assess the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines (as a full primary vaccination series or a booster dose) against SARS-CoV-2.
Claim: Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening (Social Media Users, 2021-07-13)
Evidence (2024-02-26): BMJ 2024; 384 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q488 (Published 26 February 2024) Cite this as: BMJ 2024;384:q488The largest vaccine safety study to date has identified two new, but very rare, side effects associated with covid-19 vaccines—transverse myelitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. [...] The researchers said the findings translate to "an extremely small absolute risk" of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (0.78 per million vaccine doses) and of transverse myelitis (1.82 per million vaccine doses). "Any potential risk of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or transverse myelitis should be weighed against the well established protective benefits of vaccination against covid-19 and its complications," they wrote. [...] The Global Covid Vaccine Safety Project is funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to allow the comparison of the safety of vaccines across diverse global populations.