copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Bio-toilets are introduced in train coaches only after 2014 (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-03-28)
Evidence (2023-04-17): Further, in the 2012-13 budget, the then-government announced that 2,500 coaches would be equipped with bio-toilets as part of green measures. As of June 30, 2014, Indian Railways had installed 11,777 bio-toilets in 4,356 passenger coaches. However, the Modi government was only formed in May 2014, making it impossible for them to have installed all 11,777 bio-toilets. According to data cited by the then Minister of Railways Piyush Goyal in 2018, between 2013-14, 8,024 bio-toilets were installed in train coaches. Since 2014, there had been an increase in the implementation of bio-toilets in railway coaches, his data showed. Approximately 2.5 lakh bio-toilets have been installed in Indian Railway coaches as of March 25, 2022, meeting the daily needs of more than 100 lakh passengers, according to a Lok Sabha response. Therefore, the claim that the current government under Modi was the first to introduce bio-toilets in trains is false. The Congress-led UPA regime implemented bio-toilets in trains between 2009 and 2014. The NDA government led by BJP has continued the installation of bio-toilets since taking office.
Claim: Bio-toilets are introduced in train coaches only after 2014 (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-03-28)
Evidence (2018-11-27): New Delhi: On the World Toilet Day on November 19, Central Railway (CR) department announced that it will be introducing e-toilets in the railway coaches for the first time as a special initiative. This first-of-its-kind concept is being undertaken on a pilot basis in coach (3A), part of Train no. 11013 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Coimbatore Express (LTT Coimbatore) for performance and customer feedback. If successful, these toilets would be installed in other coaches as well. [...] Railway Minister Piyush Goyal, earlier this year, took to Twitter to inform that Indian Railways has installed highest ever bio-toilets in train coaches in 2017-18, which is 64 percent higher than last year, taking the total number of bio-toilets in coaches to 1.25 lakh. [...] The bio-toilets however, have been prone to clogging due to dumping of waste such as bottles, pouches, plastic cups, paper and other material in the pans — resulting in foul smell. Hence, Mr. Goyal announced that the railways are mulling to replace all the 2.5 lakh toilets inside train coaches with vacuum bio-toilets.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2018-05-26): In an infographic published by the government on the 48-months portal, there are three claims related to the goal of doubling farmer’s incomes. The claims pertain to the soil health cards, e-NAM and farm credit. The following article is a fact check of these claims.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Earlier, 785 mandis were integrated with e-NAM across 17 States and 2 UTs, with a user base of 1.66 crore farmers, 1.30 lakh traders and 71,911 commission agents. As of 9th May 2020, total volume of 3.43 crore MT & 37.93 lakh numbers (Bamboo & Coconut) collectively worth more than Rs 1 lakh crore (US$ 14.19 million) has been traded on e-NAM platform. Digital payment worth Rs 708 crore (US4 100.44 million) have been done via e-NAM platform, benefitting more than 1.25 lakh farmers. e-NAM facilitates trade beyond mandi/ state borders. A total of 236 mandis participated in inter- mandi trade across 12 States whereas 13 States/UT have participated in the inter-state trade allowing farmers to interact directly with distantly located traders. At present, 150 commodities, including food grains, oilseeds, fibers, vegetables and fruits, are being traded on e-NAM. More than 1,005 FPOs have been registered on e-NAM platform and have traded 2900 MT of agri-produce worth Rs 7.92 crore (US4 1.12 million). [...] While looking at the achievements of e-NAM in its Phase-I (integration of 585 mandis), it is heading on a path of expansion by spreading its wings with additional 415 mandis planned to be on-boarded before 15th of May’2020, taking the total number of e-NAM mandis to 1,000 across 18 States & 3 UTs to achieve "One Nation One Market" vision of the Prime Minister.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-12-12): Under the APMC Act, the states can establish agricultural markets, popularly known as mandis. The sale of agricultural commodities can occur only in the mandis through auction. The sales process in mandis is regulated through commission agents (CAs) who mediate between the farmers and traders. Over half of the farmers we interacted with (57%) are unhappy with the mandi system of sale. [...] This section of the farmers preferred to stay with the mandis due to difficulty in adjusting to a new system and fear of exploitation and low price realisation. Yet, they demanded an improvement in the efficiency of operation of mandis and prices offered there. These results suggest that farmers are somewhat divided on their choice of the mandi system of trade. So the government did the right thing by allowing the farmers to continue to sell their produce in mandis and providing alternative options to others.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-05-11): Further increasing its footprint, the Agriculture Ministry, on Monday, integrated 177 new mandis from 10 States, including Haryana (26) and Punjab (17), on the electronic National Agriculture Market taking the total number of mandis on the online portal, enabling farmers to sell without visiting regulated mandis, to 962. [...] According to officials, the 785 mandis integrated with e-NAM across 17 states and two Union Territories has a user base of 1.66 crore farmers, 1.30 lakh traders and 71,911 commission agents. [...] As many as 236 mandis also participated in an inter-mandi trade across 12 states while 13 states/UTs participated in the inter-state trade, allowing farmers to interact directly with distantly located traders, they said.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-12-08): Mandis or physical, primary agricultural markets are old and ubiquitous institutions of economic life in many parts of India. Wherever they form, they are usually dense sites of economic, social and political activity, connecting and shaping the relations between town and countryside, and between local markets for commodities and larger, national and global circuits of capital and commerce. [...] - The aim to reach the last mile farmer & transform the way they sell their agri produce, e-NAM has gained more strength today by reaching out to more farmers & traders of these new mandis. Already 585 mandis in 16 States and 02 Union Territories have been integrated and are working. [...] - e-NAM has come a long way with 1.66 Crore Farmers & 1.28 lakh traders having been registered on e-NAM platform. As of 30th April 2020, total trade volume of 3.41 Crore MT & 37 Lakh numbers (Bamboo & Coconut) collectively worth approximately Rs. 1.0 lakh crore have been recorded on e-NAM platform.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2016-04-14): National Agriculture Market (NAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal that has been set up to network the existing Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC) mandis and effectively create a unified national market for agricultural produce. NAM provides a single window service for all APMC-related information and services, including commodity arrivals & prices, buy & sell trade offers and provision to respond to trade offers. [...] Benefits of an online platform include a national market for transparent business transactions, liberal licensing for traders, buyers and commission agents, license validity across all markets in the state, harmonisation of quality standards, provision of quality testing infrastructure, single point levy of market fees, soil testing laboratories in or in proximity to the selected mandi for the benefit of visiting farmers. As of June 2018, common tradable parameters have been developed for 90 commodities.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2022-12-21): At its most basic level, a mandi is a marketplace where farmers sell their produce. Most farmers choose to sell their perishable commodities in nearby mandis. This saves them on transportation costs and they also get to sell their produce while it’s still fresh. As per reports, there are 2477 principal regulated markets based on geography (the APMCs) and 4843 sub-market yards regulated by the respective Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) in India. [...] Mandis are integral to the Indian agricultural marketing chain. Since mandis are the designated spaces where farmers and buyers meet, it gives them access to the markets. Also, auction facilities in mandis ensure that the farmers get a fair price for their produce. In simple words, a mandi is a platform where agriculture trade activities take place. [...] Coming to the APMC operations, it is simple and smooth. Farmers bring the produce to the market and sales are made through auction. Mandis are established in different regions across the states. Along with this, licences are issued to the traders within the markets so that wrongdoings do not occur during the trade. Also, wholesale traders and retail traders outside the mandis are not allowed to participate in the process. This ensures better rates for the produce and keeps a check on irregularities.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2024-08-10): Understanding the Mandi Farmers Market System in India To understand fully what the mandi farmers market system is we need to look back at the history of India’s agriculture and follow it through to today while acknowledging the reforms it has faced over the last century. [...] Now, this is where the mandi farmers market system comes in. Unit 2020, the first sale of agriculture produce could occur only at the market yards (mandis) of APMCs. However, after 2020 with the passing of the Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, which allowed farmers to sell outside APMC mandis as well as across different states of India, in turn, removing a safeguarded from exploitation by large retailers.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-05-11): Farmers Welfare 177 new mandis from 10 States & UTs integrated with the e-NAM platform for marketing of Agricultural produce [...] Earlier, 785 mandis were integrated with eNAM across 17 States and 2 UTs, with a user base of 1.66 Cr Farmers, 1.30 lakh traders and 71,911 Commission Agents. As of 9th May 2020, total volume of 3.43 Crore MT & 37.93 Lakh numbers (Bamboo & Coconut) collectively worth more than Rs. 1 lakh crore has been traded on eNAM platform. Digital payment worth Rs. 708 Cr have been done via eNAM platform, benefitting more than 1.25 lakh farmers. eNAM facilitates trade beyond mandi/ state borders. A total of 236 mandis participated in inter- mandi trade across 12 States whereas 13 States/UT have participated in the inter-state trade allowing farmers to interact directly with distantly located traders. At present, 150 commodities, including food grains, oilseeds, fibers, vegetables and fruits, are being traded on eNAM. More than 1,005 FPOs have been registered on eNAM platform and have traded 2900 MT of agri-produce worth Rs 7.92 Crores. [...] While looking at the achievements of eNAM in its Phase-I (integration of 585 mandis), it is heading on a path of expansion by spreading its wings with additional 415 mandis planned to be on-boarded before 15th of May’2020, taking the total number of eNAM mandis to 1,000 across 18 States & 3 UTs to achieve "One Nation One Market" vision of the Prime Minister.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-05-11): New Delhi, May 11, 2020: The Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Shri Narendra Singh Tomar today launched integration of 177 new mandis with the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) to strengthen agriculture marketing and facilitate farmers to sell their harvested produce through the online portal. [...] Earlier, 785 mandis were integrated with eNAM across 17 States and 2 UTs, with a user base of 1.66 Cr Farmers, 1.30 lakh traders and 71,911 Commission Agents. As of 9th May 2020, total volume of 3.43 Crore MT & 37.93 Lakh numbers (Bamboo & Coconut) collectively worth more than Rs. 1 lakh crore has been traded on eNAM platform. Digital payment worth Rs. 708 Cr have been done via eNAM platform, benefitting more than 1.25 lakh farmers. [...] A total of 236 mandis participated in inter- mandi trade across 12 States whereas 13 States/UT have participated in the inter-state trade allowing farmers to interact directly with distantly located traders. At present, 150 commodities, including food grains, oilseeds, fibers, vegetables and fruits, are being traded on eNAM. More than 1,005 FPOs have been registered on eNAM platform and have traded 2900 MT of agri-produce worth Rs 7.92 Crores.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-05-18): 38 additional mandis were integrated with the e-NAM platform today, thus achieving milestone of integration of 415 mandis as per the planned target. 38 Mandis integrated are in Madhya Pradesh (19), Telangana (10), Maharashtra (4) and One (1) each from Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Kerala & J&K. With the overall success of 585 mandis in Phase 1 and further expanding its wings to integrate 415 new mandis in Phase 2, the e-NAM platform now has a total number of 1000 mandis across 18 States & 3 UTs. [...] These revolutionary steps of e-NAM further strengthen it towards One Nation One Market goal, facilitating farmers, traders and mandis to collectively work together as a cohesive unit to take nation towards online sale and purchase of agri-produce through e-NAM portal.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-05-11): COVID-19 has given a boost to e-NAM, the national digital platform for agricultural trade, with the number of connected mandis, or wholesale markets, up 65% since the lockdown, according to Agriculture Ministry data. On Monday, 177 more mandis joined the platform, taking the total to 962 nationwide, giving farmers and traders another option at a time when transport disruptions and social distancing requirements have made physical mandi trade more difficult. [...] The user base remains at a nascent stage, with 1.66 crore farmers, 1.3 lakh traders and 71,911 commission agents registered on the platform. There are more than 13 crore farmers in India. However, an encouraging sign is the more than 1,000 FPOs which are registered on the platform, providing access to their members.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-02-04): State-wise details of National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) : MANDIS UNDER e-NAM [...] (a) the total number of mandis in the country linked under the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) so far along with the details thereof, State-wise including Bhiwandi (Maharashtra); [...] As on 24.01.2021, 1000 mandis of 18 States and 3 UTs have been integrated with e- NAM platform and so far more than 1.69 crore farmers have been registered on the platform. State-wise details of e-NAM mandis/ markets are at Annexure-I. The details of the mandis/ markets integrated with e-NAM are at Annexure-II.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-08-25): These events underscore the importance of mandis as physical sites of exchange and trade within India’s broader agricultural marketing system, so I set out to understand the spatial distribution of such spot markets in India. As agriculture falls under the purview of the state government, each state has charted its own agricultural development path; therefore, adopting a spatial lens exposes significant regional variation. The resulting maps not only serve to describe various market features, but elicit more questions about the characteristics of places, the relationships between them, and the underlying stories behind them. Presented here is one particular piece of the narrative; for a deeper dive into the spatial characteristics of mandis in India, look out for the upcoming full report that provides a stronger background on India’s agricultural marketing system and explores additional market attributes across different geographic scales. [...] Even within states, there is substantial variation in the prevalence of mandis, as seen in the market density by district map. One interesting example appears in the southeastern state of Andhra Pradesh where the delta region (northern coast) has a visibly higher density of markets relative to the southern region. This can be explained by the West Godavari, East Godavari, and Krishna districts, which produce the most rice not only in the state, but in the entire country.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2022-03-10): How digital mandis are transforming the lives of farmers in India Digital mandis are enabling farmers to directly negotiate with wholesale traders and other local traders, putting an end to the middlemen involved in the process who hamper their movement and freedom of choosing crop type, variety, and price point. [...] E–mandis or digital mandis use a much more user-friendly trading module that puts all the power and rights back in the farmer's hands. They can easily upload all the details of their produce and interested buyers can view and negotiate with the farmers directly.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2019-02-18): The second claim is that Produce worth 41,591K crore rupees has been transacted through 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered through the e-NAM portal. As per a response provided by the government in the Lok Sabha in March 2018, ‘National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing APMC Mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities.’ The government further stated that e-NAM has been deployed 551 regulated wholesale markets in 15 States and 02 UTs across the country as of March 2018. The pilot of the e-NAM was launched in 2016. [...] Claim: Produce worth 41,591k crore rupees has been transacted through 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh framers and sellers registered. Fact: The e-NAM website shows 585 Mandis in different states and UTs. A total of 1.12 crore farmers have been registered on the platform. The amount of transaction is unverified. The first part of the claim remains UNVERIFIED but the latter two are TRUE.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2016-10-23): It was decided to cover three mandis of Najafgarh, Narela and Zakhira. Under the Bombay Agricultural Produce Markets [...] The Plan’s further emphasis is on promoting cooperative mar¬ keting. Noting that there were in 1967-68 five agricultural market¬ ing societies which covered all the important mandis, with a mem¬ bership of 2,251 as against that of only 19 in 1961, the Plan en¬ visages no further need to organise such societies. The Plan’s proposal is to reduce the number from five to four. The business handled by these societies, which will continue to cover all the rural mandis, is envisaged to increase from Rs. 1.6 million in 1967-68 to Rs. 2.3 million in 1973-74.
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2016-10-23): MADRAS 5,706 4,280 6,412 3,963 7,446 4,627 8,050 [...] IKANDALA 6,809 463 8,241 575 12,000 651 14,570 1,175 15,175 1,310 [...] ments including police-services 20 (1) 334 (3) 100 (1) 45 (2)
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2008-09-27): Mans a ■* 4» • ^ - J [ Min, Literacy (among females) [...] • The Punjab Mandi Board has established 19 specialized Cotton Mandis with all facilities like grading labs, farmer information centres etc. [...] Mansa mm 61.8 68.0 65.8 88.8 fl 87.5 lT-%
Claim: 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2017-11-14): - The mandi system too needs to be revisited and alternatives have to be made available so that farmers can choose the point of sale. [...] - The key changes seek to free agricultural markets from the limitations imposed by permits and mandis that were originally designed for an era of scarcity. [...] - These mandis are usually overflowing with fruits and vegetables and the labour force at these centres usually handles the produce without safety gears.
Claim: Visuals of a monkey visiting a temple in Ayodhya everyday (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-01-07)
Evidence (2023-01-07): Visuals show a monkey regularly visiting the temple and bowing before idols at Buddheshwar Mahadev Temple in Lucknow. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.
Claim: Visuals of a monkey visiting a temple in Ayodhya everyday (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-01-07)
Evidence (2024-01-24): Ayodhya: A day after the Pran Pratishtha of Ram Lalla at Ayodhya, a nimble monkey found its way into the sanctum sanctorum on Tuesday evening. At around 5:50 pm, the primate, seemingly unfazed by the sacred grandeur of the inner sanctum, entered through the southern gate and approached the revered Utsav idol of Lord Ram. [...] "Today at around 5:50 pm, a monkey entered the sanctum sanctorum through the southern gate and entered the Utsav idol. Reached near. The security personnel posted outside saw this and ran towards the monkey thinking that the monkey might drop the Utsav idol on the ground. But as soon as the policemen ran towards the monkey, the monkey ran calmly towards the northern gate. Since the gate was closed, he moved towards the east and passing through the crowd, went out through the eastern gate without causing any trouble to anyone. The security personnel say that for us it is as if Hanuman ji himself has come to see Ramlala," Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra posted in X.
Claim: Visuals of a monkey visiting a temple in Ayodhya everyday (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-01-07)
Evidence (2024-01-24): In a "beautiful" incident at Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Temple in Ayodhya, a monkey entered the sanctum sanctorum on Tuesday evening and went near Lord Ram’s Utsav idol, Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra said. Taking to the microblogging site X, the temple trust shared the incident and said that through the southern gate, a monkey entered the sanctum sanctorum and went near the Utsav idol. Seeing this, the security personnel ran towards the monkey in a concern that it might drop the idol on the ground.