copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The GACVS reviewed 2 published papers alleging that aluminium in vaccines is associated with autism spectrum disorders3, 4 and the evidence generated from quantitative risk assessment by a US FDA pharmacokinetic model of aluminium-containing vaccines. [...] The GACVS also reviewed the US FDA risk assessment model of aluminium in vaccines. The FDA calculations incorporate the most recently published aluminium risk assessments by adjusting for gastrointestinal absorption and uptake from the site of injection. The FDA analysis indicates that the body burden of aluminium following injections of aluminium-containing vaccines never exceeds safe US regulatory thresholds based on orally ingested aluminium even for low birth-weight infants. GACVS concludes that this comprehensive risk assessment further supports the clinical trial and epidemiological evidence of the safety of aluminium in vaccines. Current research on pharmacokinetics of aluminium in vaccines is ongoing and should be encouraged as a means of further validating and improving this model.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2023-10-30): Some vaccines may also contain adjuvants, preservatives, stabilizers and residual byproducts from the manufacturing process. All of these components are safe in the concentrations used in vaccines. Many of them are common and can be found in our bodies, drinking water, food or other products we ingest or use regularly. Adjuvants are substances that help vaccines work better by boosting the body’s immune response. Tiny amounts of aluminum salts, for example, have been safely used for this purpose for decades.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2024-01-16): No, vaccines do not contain unsafe amounts of aluminum for infants, research shows [...] The Jan. 16 video showed an infant hooked to wires as what appears to be a news headline flashes on the screen: "Baby who died 34 hours after vaccines had toxic level of aluminum in his blood, report confirms," the headline read. [...] We rate the claim that vaccines have unsafe levels of aluminum for infants False.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2021-03-14): Research has also shown the levels of aluminum found in vaccines are so low that they can't easily be absorbed by the body, let alone the brain. There has been no evidence of vaccines being the cause of illness of developmental disorders. [...] A year-old video being reshared on Instagram claims that aluminum nanoparticles in vaccines cause a variety of illnesses and developmental disorders. The caption implies the COVID-19 vaccines also contain aluminum and contribute to health issues. Although several vaccines do contain a miniscule amount of aluminum, research has found it’s not enough to be absorbed by the body. Humans already ingest amounts of aluminum just by living their everyday lives as it can be found in food, water and the air.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2023-01-31): Although it may sound alarming for aluminium to be in a vaccine, it is actually all around us in everyday life too. According to the European Food Safety Authority, aluminium is produced by and used for "water treatment, papermaking, fire retardant, fillers, food additives, colours and pharmaceuticals". [...] Historically, some research suggested there may be a link between high levels of aluminium and Alzheimer’s disease, but there is not enough evidence to support this idea. Some other studies suggested that the aluminium in vaccines could be linked to autism spectrum disorders. But these studies were found to be "seriously flawed" by the World Health Organization’s Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety. And research into aluminium-containing infant vaccines suggests that being exposed in this way carries "extremely low risk", even for babies. Since they first started being used in vaccines in the 1930s, aluminium salts have not been a cause for concern among medical professionals. The amounts used are considered too small to be dangerous, and they aren’t easily absorbed by the body, the CDC confirms.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2020-01-01): Acute exposure and chronic retention of aluminum in three vaccine schedules and effects of genetic and environmental variation - PMID: 31846784 - DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126444 [...] Keywords: Aluminum; Autoimmunity; Chronic health; Pediatrics; Vaccines. [...] Aluminum toxicokinetics regarding infant diet and vaccinations.Vaccine. 2002 May 31;20 Suppl 3:S13-7. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00165-2. Vaccine. 2002. PMID: 12184359 Review.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2023-04-03): Aluminum and vaccines: Current state of knowledge - PMID: 31611133 - DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.09.012 Aluminum and vaccines: Current state of knowledge French people have never been so wary about vaccines. The use of aluminum salts in vaccine adjuvants to enhance effectiveness is one of the major reasons for this lack of confidence. The direct toxicity of aluminum is often put forward. Direct toxicity of aluminum has long been known-especially with occupational exposure-to be associated with characteristic clinical manifestations and increased blood aluminum level. Intoxication related to the excessive amount of an element in the body, whether be it lead poisoning following exposure to lead or mercury poisoning for instance, is always associated with metal increase in biological media. To date no link has been established between the direct toxicity of aluminum and vaccines. Aluminum levels in biological media of vaccinated subjects are not different from those of unvaccinated subjects. This is consistent with the very small amount of aluminum contained in one dose of vaccine. Indirect toxicity of aluminum was suggested to explain macrophagic myofasciitis in humans in 2011, a disease that could be mediated by an autoimmune/autoinflammatory mechanism. This hypothesis has recently been refuted in a large pharmaco-epidemiological study proving that aluminum-containing adjuvants of vaccines are not responsible for this autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2018-09-18): Aluminum in vaccines: Does it create a safety problem? [...] Analysis of the literature showed that no apparent reason exists to support the elimination of Al from vaccines for fear of neurotoxicity. The only problem that deserves attention is the suggested relationship between Al oxyhydroxide-containing vaccines and macrophagic myofaciitis or myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Currently, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn on these risks and further studies must be conducted. Until then, Al remains the best solution to improve vaccine efficacy. [...] - [Aluminium adjuvant exposure through vaccines in France in 2018].Ann Pharm Fr. 2020 Mar;78(2):111-128. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.01.002. Epub 2020 Jan 17. Ann Pharm Fr. 2020. PMID: 32081303 Review. French.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2024-02-20): Scientific evidence shows that vaccine ingredients, including aluminum salts, are safe and don’t cause autism. Numerous studies have shown no association between autism and childhood vaccines. While autism rates have risen over time, this is likely explained, at least in part, by changes to the diagnostic criteria for autism which have led to more people qualifying for a diagnosis. Infant mortality is defined as the death of an infant before its first birthday. Birth defects, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), preterm birth and low birth weight, and injuries are common factors that cause infant mortality. [...] Aluminum levels in vaccines are safe and don’t cause autism [...] As we reported in a previous claim review, infants receive approximately 4.4 milligrams of aluminum via vaccines administered in the first six months of life. This is in the form of aluminum-containing salts that act as adjuvants to enhance the immune response to vaccination, which have been used in vaccines for more than 70 years.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2020-07-28): Despite this, thimerosal was eliminated from all the vaccines and presently remains only in preparations used in some developing countries and in multidose vial influenza vaccines. [...] Karwowski MP, Stamoulis C, Wenren LM, Faboyede GM, Quinn N, Gura KM, et al. Blood and hair aluminum levels, vaccine history, and early infant development: a cross-sectional study. Acad Pediatr. (2018) 18:161–5. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.09.003 104. Miller NZ. Aluminum Miller's review of critical vaccine studies. 400 important scientific papers summarized for parents and researchers. Santa Fe, NM: New Atlantean Press. (2016). p. 44–63.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2024-05-03): Thimerosal was removed from all childhood vaccines in 2001 with the exception of inactivated flu vaccine in multi-dose vials. However, thimerosal has been removed from all single-dose preparations of flu vaccine for children and adults. No acceptable alternative preservative has yet been identified for multi-dose flu vaccine vials. [...] Why is thimerosal still in some flu vaccines that children may receive? [...] The childhood vaccines that used to contain thimerosal as a preservative are now put into single-dose vials or syringes, so no preservative is needed. In the past, these vaccines were put into multi-dose vials, which could become contaminated when new needles were used to get vaccine out of the vial for each dose.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2024-09-29): - ^ "Thimerosal in vaccines". Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 6 September 2007. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2007. - ^ Bigham M, Copes R (2005). "Thiomersal in vaccines: balancing the risk of adverse effects with the risk of vaccine-preventable disease". Drug Safety. 28 (2): 89–101. doi:10.2165/00002018-200528020-00001. PMID 15691220. S2CID 11570020. - ^ Offit PA (September 2007). "Thimerosal and vaccines – a cautionary tale". The New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (13): 1278–1279. doi:10.1056/NEJMp078187. PMID 17898096. S2CID 36318722.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2023-05-22): - HBsAg-positive infants should be referred for appropriate follow-up. [...] †Refer to Table 3 for prophylaxis recommendations for infants born to women with unknown HBsAg status.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2020-04-07): The Japanese Ministry of Health, realizing how costly its error had been, soon reinstituted the use of pertussis vaccine. The children of Japan proved that the benefits of the old pertussis vaccine clearly outweighed the risks. The new "acellular" pertussis vaccine has a much lower risk of severe side effects than the old "whole cell" vaccine.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2018-02-02): Thimerosal in Vaccines Questions and Answers - Questions about Vaccine Safety - Institute of Medicine (IOM) Findings - Questions about Thimerosal in Vaccine regarding Infants, Children, and Pregnant Women [...] The IOM urged that "full consideration be given to removing thimerosal from any biological product to which infants, children, and pregnant women are exposed" (IOM 2001). Routine administration of influenza vaccine is recommended in pregnant women, yet currently available U.S. licensed influenza vaccines contain thimerosal. Why are pregnant women receiving influenza vaccine containing thimerosal? [...] - IOM ( Institute of Medicine). Thimerosal-containing vaccines and neurodevelopmental disorders. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 2001.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2007-07-18): - Aluminum is found in air, food and water and is present in breast milk and infant formula in similar amounts as in vaccines. Hundreds of millions of people have been safely vaccinated with aluminum-containing vaccines. [...] - Price CS, Thompson WW, Goodson B et al. Prenatal and Infant Exposure to Thimerosal from Vaccines and Immunoglobulins and Risk of Autism. Pediatrics 2010;126:565-64. [...] - Vaccine Education Centre at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Aluminum in Vaccines: What you should know. 2009. Accessed July 2015 at: http://vec.chop.edu/export/download/pdfs/articles/vaccine-education-center/aluminum.pdf - Wilson K, Barakat M, Mills E et al. Addressing the Emergency of Pediatric Vaccination Concerns: Recommendations from a Canadian Policy Analysis. Can J Public Health 2006;97(2):139-41.
Claim: Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan’s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality (Social Media User, 2024-02-12)
Evidence (2022-05-01): A few vaccines do include aluminum salts, mercury, and Polysorbate 80 as inactive ingredients (FDA 2018). However, these ingredients have been proven to be safe at the levels used in vaccines. Aluminum levels in infants from vaccine adjuvant and food sources are safely below risk levels (Mitkus et al. 2011). The only vaccine ingredient that contains mercury is thimerosal, a preservative used to prevent the growth of bacteria. Today, thimerosal is not used in any of the required childhood vaccines in the U.S. (CDC 2013). Furthermore, there has been no link discovered between thimerosal and autism (Andrews et al. 2004; Fombonne et al. 2006; Hviidet al. 2003; IOM 2004; Thompson et al. 2007). In addition, Polysorbate 80 is an additive commonly used in food products, including bread, oil, and chocolate. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) set the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of polysorbates at 1500 mg per person per day, and an extensive toxicology study conducted in Japan set the ADI at 10 mg per kg body weight per day (Food Safety Commission of Japan 2007). The amount of Polysorbate 80 used in vaccines is significantly less than either of these ADI recommendations. [...] Mitkus, R. J., et al. 2011. "Updated aluminum pharmacokinetics following infant exposures through diet and vaccination." Vaccine 29(51): 9538– 9543. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2011.09.124.
Claim: A “zapper” can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases (Hulda Clark, 2024-12-01)
Evidence (2024-12-01): Alternative therapies involve a variety of products and practices that aren’t part of conventional medical care and are used instead of standard treatment. But many of those methods haven’t been adequately tested, and there is little information about their safety and efficacy. This is particularly true for health products marketed online, which are largely unregulated. One main risk of these products is they may discourage patients from seeking life-saving medical treatments. Furthermore, many of them can also cause side effects or interfere with standard medical treatment. In the worst-case scenario, the product itself can be downright dangerous to people.
Claim: A “zapper” can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases (Hulda Clark, 2024-12-01)
Evidence (2024-10-01): The Dr Clark Zapper is a device invented by Dr. Clark. It kills parasites, bacteria, viruses, molds and fungi electrically. Viruses and bacteria disappear in three minutes; tapeworm stages, flukes, roundworms in five; and mites in seven. A battery-operated, positive offset with a very low voltage from 5 to 10 volts is sufficient. It kills parasites and bacteria wherever the current reaches them. But it does not reach the eyes, the appendix, the testes, the inner ear bones. The current travels along the stomach or intestinal wall, not through its content. It does not reach into the gallstones or into the living cells. The current does not pass uniformly through the body. With regular zapping, the current passes mainly through our liquids, i. e our lymphatic and vascular system, a small fraction reaches every organ and tissue of our body. Blood and lymph are the most important locations to zap. [...] A first seven-minute zapping is followed by an intermission, lasting 20 to 30 minutes. During this time, bacteria and viruses are released from the dying parasites and start to invade you instead. Each parasite has its own bacterial and viral escapees. The second seven-minute session is intended to kill these newly released viruses and bacteria. Again, viruses are released, this time from the dying bacteria. The third session kills the last viruses released. A fourth and fifth session may be very beneficial too, to eliminate "prion protein" streaming from killed Salmonella bacteria.
Claim: A “zapper” can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases (Hulda Clark, 2024-12-01)
Evidence (2024-01-12): Hulda Clark’s "zapper" device is based on pseudoscience; doesn’t kill parasites or cure diseases [...] In the Facebook video, Clark explained how to use the "zapper", an electric device she developed herself that supposedly cures all diseases by clearing parasites from the body. Iterations of Clark’s claims are also common on TikTok, where they accumulate hundreds of thousands of views. [...] Then came the "zapper", a device consisting of two copper handles connected to a battery that pulses mild electric currents (nine volts) through the body at a specific frequency (bioresonance). This device is based on the idea that each living organism, including parasites, produces a unique frequency. The "zapper" is supposed to specifically counter the frequency of parasites, killing them without harming human tissues.
Claim: A “zapper” can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases (Hulda Clark, 2024-12-01)
Evidence (2013-04-18): The first seven minute zapping is followed by an intermission, lasting 20 to 30 minutes. During this time, bacteria and viruses are released from the dying parasites and start to invade you instead. [...] Do Not Zap If You Are Pregnant [...] That is all there is to it. Almost all. The zapping current does not reach deep into the eyeball or testicle or bowel contents. It does not reach into your gallstones, or into your living cells where Herpes virus lies latent or Candida fungus extends its fingers. But by zapping 3 times a day for a week or more you can deplete these populations, too, often to zero.
Claim: A “zapper” can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases (Hulda Clark, 2024-12-01)
Evidence (2020-10-06): The zapper is a device invented by Dr Clark. It electrically kills parasites, bacteria, viruses, moulds and fungi. Viruses and bacteria disappear in three minutes; tapeworms, flippers, roundworms in five and mites in seven. All that is needed is a positive offset powered by a battery with a very low voltage of 5 to 10 volts. The zapper kills parasites and bacteria wherever the current reaches them. But it does not reach the eyes, appendix, testicles, inner ear bones. The current flows along the stomach or intestinal wall, not through its contents. It does not reach gallstones or living cells. The current does not flow evenly through the body. With regular zapping, the current passes mainly through our fluids, i.e. our lymphatic and vascular system, with a small fraction reaching all the organs and tissues of our body. Blood and lymph are the most important places to zap. [...] Independence of frequency. Any frequency positively shifted kills all bacteria, viruses and parasites simultaneously under sufficient voltage (5 to 10 volts, a duration of seven minutes and a frequency of 10 Hz to 500,000 Hz). Passes mainly through the fluids of our body, the lymphatic and blood system. The Varizapper is ideal for standard zapping.
Claim: A “zapper” can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases (Hulda Clark, 2024-12-01)
Evidence (2024-09-18): Dr. Hulda Clark conducted a great deal of research, testing millions of frequencies, to identify an exact ratio effective for eliminating harmful organisms. The result of that research is the zapper and the associated technique of zapping. The process uses a low-voltage device set at a specific frequency to kill bacteria, viruses, and parasites. [...] The zapper is the device that was researched, designed, and evented by Dr. Hulda Clark. The machine is designed to kill parasites, bacteria, viruses, molds, and even fungi using electrical charges. When used appropriately, the mechanism eliminates viruses and bacteria within a mere three minutes; tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes in five minutes; and mites in seven. [...] Essentially, the benefits of zapping center on the elimination of parasites, bacteria, viruses, and fungi. However, the system is more developed to meet those needs.
Claim: A “zapper” can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases (Hulda Clark, 2024-12-01)
Evidence (2024-10-01): The ZAPPER is a device of Dr. Clark and is part of Dr. Clark's cancer protocols. The ZAPPER "electrocutes" small pathogens such as parasites, bacteria, viruses, fungus and other toxins. It does not need to have a specific frequency to do this, as it is, contrary to a frequency generator, frequency-independent. It does however need to be: [...] The ZAPPER also has another function, It reactivates our white blood cells so that they can go on an "invader hunt" on their own and kill them.
Claim: A “zapper” can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases (Hulda Clark, 2024-12-01)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Zapping is a way of killing bacteria and parasites electrically. I find it kills parasites and bacteria wherever the electricity reaches. But some locations that are not reachable are tooth crevices, the intestinal tract, gallstones, and the inside of tumours. The current is not uniform through the body. In fact, a large fraction may travel along the arteries, veins, lymph vessels, nerves and inflamed regions. Persons with an inflammation in the body can often "feel" the zapper at that location. [...] A first seven-minute zapping session is followed by a 20 to 30 minutes intermission. During this time, bacteria and viruses are released from the dying parasites and start to invade you. Each parasite has its own bacterial and viral escapees. A second seven-minute zapping session is intended to kill these newly released viruses and bacteria. Again viruses are released, this time from the dying bacteria. [...] This type of zapping is frequency "INDEPENDENT", i.e. using 100% positive offset, square wave, the zapper is capable of killing a wide range of parasites, bacteria, viruses without tuning in on every single frequency needed.