copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-22): Yalu River Broken Bridge The Yalu River Broken Bridge (simplified Chinese: 鸭绿江断桥; traditional Chinese: 鴨綠江斷橋; pinyin: Yālù Jiāng Duàn Qiáo) is a truncated railway swing bridge converted to a viewing platform and historical site. Constructed in 1911 by the Empire of Japan, it was the first bridge built across the Yalu River and connected the Chinese city of Dandong with the Korean city of Sinuiju, linking Japanese-ruled Korea to the Eurasian rail network. The bridge originally consisted of twelve truss spans supported by stone foundations in the riverbed. During the Korean War, the eight spans over the Korean side of the river were badly damaged by American bombing, and were subsequently dismantled. The bridge was not rebuilt. Instead, the remaining four spans over the Chinese side of the river were converted to a walkway, a viewing platform, and a historical site. [...] During the Korean War, the United States Air Force repeatedly bombed the Yalu River bridges to disrupt the transportation of Chinese troops and supplies into North Korea. On 8 November 1950, the US dispatched more than 100 B-29s to bomb the bridges, and six days later, another 34 bombers attacked and destroyed three spans of the older bridge.[1] The aerial attacks were suspended on 5 December because the Yalu was frozen over and the Chinese could easily cross the river at many points.[3] In February 1951, the US resumed bombing and damaged the bridge except four spans on the Chinese side. From then on it became known as the Broken Bridge.[1]
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2000-01-01): Loading to Yalu River In The Korean War....
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-12): Hwanggumpyong (Korean: 황금평, simplified Chinese: 黄金坪; traditional Chinese: 黃金坪; pinyin: Huángjīnpíng), formerly called Hwanggumpyong Island (Korean: 황금평도, simplified Chinese: 黄金坪岛; traditional Chinese: 黃金坪島; pinyin: Huángjīnpíng Dǎo), is a North Korean free-trade zone bordering China. The area used to be a tidal island in the Yalu River. However, due to continuous deposition of river-borne sediments, the northern portion of the former island is now permanently connected with the Chinese city of Dandong. A steel mesh fence has been built to mark the land border between North Korea and China.[1] Due to ethnic Koreans living on the island at the time of a 1962 border treaty, both China and North Korea agreed that the sovereignty of the island belongs to North Korea. The former river island is now a North Korean exclave on the otherwise Chinese side of the river.[2] The agreement is not recognized by South Korea, who continues to claim this island in accordance with its constitution.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-17): Main rivers of South Korea [edit]Main rivers of North Korea [edit]- Bukhan River - Chaeryong River - Changja River - Changjin River - Chongchon River - Han River - Hantan River - Hochon River - Imjin River - Kumya River - Nam River - Orang River - Piryu River - Pothong River - Ryesong River - Songchon River - Taedong River - Taeryong River - Tumen River - Yalu River [...] [edit]- Yalu River, known in Korean as the "Amnok River" (압록강) [...] - Pushi River (Joins Yalu River from Chinese side)
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-26): Dandong, in the Liaoning Province of China, on the Yalu River delta, is the largest city on the border.[3] On the other side of the river is the city of Sinuiju in North Pyongan Province, North Korea. The two cities are situated on the Yalu river delta at the western end of the border, near the Yellow Sea. Their waterfronts face each other and are connected by the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge. There are 205 islands on the Yalu River. A 1962 border treaty between North Korea and China split the islands according to which ethnic group were living on each island. North Korea possesses 127 and China 78. Due to the division criteria, some islands such as Hwanggumpyong Island belong to North Korea even though they are on the Chinese side of the river. Both countries have navigation rights on the river, including in the delta. The source of the Yalu River is Heaven Lake on Paektu Mountain, which is considered the birthplace of the Korean and Manchu peoples. This lake is also the source of the Tumen River which forms the eastern portion of the border.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-04-25): The Yalu River, also known as the Amnok River, is an 800-kilometer long river in northeastern Asia forming the natural boundary between northwestern Korea and northeastern China. The river arises from the Tian Lake on top of Mount Paektu in the Changbai Mountains (which form the border between the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Liaoning and North Korea), and drains into the Korea Bay between Dandong in China and Sinuiju in North Korea, occupying a basin of 31,750 square kilometers. The Tokro, Ai, Hochon, and Changjin are the major tributaries of the Yalu River. 200 islands belonging to either China or North Korea exist on the river. [...] The Yalu River not only acts as the political boundary between North Korea and China, but also serves as a cultural boundary between these two countries. The river is also an important source of hydroelectric power generation, and several dams and hydroelectric power stations, like the Sup'ung Dam, the Taipingwan Dam, and the Yunfeng Dam, have been built upon the river. The Sup'ung Dam is one of the largest hydroelectric power stations in Asia, with a capacity of generating around 7 million kilowatts of electricity. Only about 89,000 hectares of land are arable along the river basin, and most of this is used for growing rice, corn, millet, and sweet potatoes. Fishing in the Yalu River also sustains the livelihoods and helps meet the protein needs of the Chinese and Korean populations settled along the river.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-05-18): The Inchon landing turned out to be a brilliant flanking attack. U.N. forces quickly retook Seoul and severed the North Koreans’ supply lines. Walton Walker’s Eighth Army broke out of the Pusan Perimeter and formed up with other allied units. By early October, American forces had pushed across the 38th parallel and taken the North Korean capital, Pyongyang. Before October was out, U.N. forces had advanced to the Yalu River. The war, most observers believed, would be won by Christmas. [...] Despite the labyrinthine process of obtaining U.N. approval for every change in targeting, the original constraints on the B-29s began to drop away. At first, the medium bombers were not allowed to hit targets within 50 miles of the Yalu River, and were forbidden to cross the line into Manchuria. The 50-mile limit soon dropped to 20 miles, then several, then "as close to the border as may be necessary." By the end of October, U.N. forces occupied all of North Korea. Still, Chinese territory stayed off limits. [...] On July 30, Police Action joined 62 other B-29s for an attack on the Oriental Light Metals Company near Sinuiju, only four miles from the Yalu River. According to Futrell, it was the largest strike against a single target of the Korean War. The target was deep in MiG territory, but a thin stratus layer protected the bombers from the searchlights.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-23): The Yalu River (Chinese: 鸭绿江; pinyin: Yālù Jiāng) or Amnok River (Korean: 압록강; MR: Amnokkang) is a river on the border between China and North Korea. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the border between China and North Korea. Its valley has been the scene of several military conflicts in the past centuries. It borders North Korea to the south and China to the north. [...] About 205 islands are on the Yalu. A 1962 border treaty between North Korea and China split the islands according to which ethnic group was living on each island. North Korea possesses 127 and China 78. Due to the division criteria, some islands such as Hwanggumpyong Island belong to North Korea, but abut the Chinese side of the river. [...] According to one scholar, the Korean-Chinese border along the Yalu River is the longest unchanged international border in history, lasting for at least 1,000 years.[13][14][15]
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-12-03): North Toward the Yalu River [...] MacArthur swiftly ordered his troops to advance across the 38th parallel toward the North Korean capital of Pynongyang, where the 1st Cavalry Division arrived on October 19. Meanwhile, South Korean forces, on the general’s orders, streamed toward the city of Unsan on the way to the Yalu River, which separated China from North Korea. [...] On November 24, MacArthur launched a massive offensive toward the Chinese border. Almost on cue, hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops stormed across the Yalu River from the north, sending US and UN troops into frantic retreat. The scope of the invasion was breathtaking. Julius Becton Jr. recalled:
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-05-07): When my friends and I arrived in Dandong, the largest border city in China, our first destination was duanqiao: The Broken Bridge. The bridge, which connects Dandong and Sinujiu, North Korea over the Yalu River, is a relic of the Korean War. Bombed by American aircraft, it serves as a reminder—or proof—of "American aggression," and, according to the propaganda poster by the bridge, is a symbol of the "greatest achievement of [Chinese] voluntary army…to aid [North] Korea." [...] Suddenly, I hit a dead-end: A metal fence blocked my way. I leaned over the fence; just a few feet away the bridge ended abruptly, its jagged, splintered edge hanging awkwardly over the water. I tore my eyes off from the drop-off, and looked up. North Korea was just a few hundred feet away. Gray haze hovered over the shore, masking what was on the other end of the Yalu River. I reached out my arm then clasped my fingers, as if to grab and clear the fog away. [...] But this country—where the government imprisons ordinary citizens at re-education labour camps for "online speech crime," where officials drive around in BMWs while elementary school children, seeking warmth, crawl into a dumpster, light some matches, and as a result, die of carbon monoxide poisoning—is, for those on the other side of the Yalu River, a land of hope, prosperity, light, and freedom.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2000-06-23): On some of the world's harshest terrain, through the scorching heat of summer and the numbing cold of winter, American troops fought with steely determination and uncommon courage. As they gained ground, pushing the North Koreans back toward the 38th parallel, American families began to hope that our troops would be home by Christmas. But in November, at the Yalu River in North Korean territory, American forces encountered a new and daunting antagonist: Chinese forces had joined their North Korean allies, and the tide of battle turned once again.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-09): Based on one document in this book (discussed below), Shinoda determined that Korean territory extended to the north of the Tumen and Yalu rivers and that a vast area of southern Manchuria was a "no man's land": [...] The current Sino-Korean boundary—that formed by the Yalu and Tumen rivers—is arguably one of the oldest state borders in the world that is still effective. The western section of the boundary, following the course of the Yalu (K. Amnok) River, was formed in the late fourteenth century, while the eastern part, following that of the Tumen River, dates to the fifteenth century. While the lands to the south of these two rivers were governed by the Chosŏn dynasty of Korea (1392–1897) for more than four hundred years,Footnote 9 the same period witnessed a significant change in governance with respect to the lands on the north. Before the mid-seventeenth century, the Jurchen people had inhabited these lands under the nominal rule (jimi) of Ming dynasty China (1368–1644) for generations. After succeeding in unifying the Jurchen population, Nurhaci, the leader of the Jianzhou tribe, established the "Later Jin" regime (1616–36), leading a rebellion against the Ming. His son, Hong Taiji, renamed the Jurchen "Manchu" and the regime "the Great Qing" (1636–1912) in 1636.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-02-03): From Dandong, the largest Chinese city on the border with North Korea, it’s just a short hop to the Hermit Kingdom – or rather, a short swim. In summer, bronzed Chinese bathers wade into the Yalu River and paddle 400 metres to the opposite bank, where armed North Korean soldiers watch from turquoise guard towers over women washing clothes along the muddy bank. The North Koreans don’t dare swim. [...] But it is also the main umbilical cord for North Korea. From Dandong’s main thoroughfare, you can see across the river to dilapidated two-storey houses; at night, the North Korean city of Sinuiju (population 250,000) is in complete darkness. At least 70% of all trade in and out of this isolated country happens between these twin cities, and upwards of 20,000 North Koreans work in Dandong. Many shopfronts are in both Chinese and Korean.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-09): Washington was uncertain about how to follow up Seoul’s liberation but MacArthur was determined to march north to the Yalu River and the Chinese border. Mao, for his part, decided in early October to send his army south across the Yalu River and fight MacArthur’s forces. [...] On October 15, 1950, MacArthur had meeting with President Truman on Wake Island in the mid-Pacific. The general told the president that the war would be over by Thanksgiving and most troops would be home by Christmas. When Truman asked, "What will be the attitude of Commie China?" MacArthur said it would not intervene. Even if China tried, it could not get more than 50,000 troops across the Yalu River, MacArthur promised, citing his G2’s intelligence estimate. In fact, by October 19, 260,000 CFF soldiers had already crossed into Korea. [...] MacArthur made one of his lightning quick trips to Korea from Tokyo on November 24, 1950, telling the U.S. ambassador in Seoul there were only 25,000 Chinese troops in Korea. Then he had his return flight to Tokyo fly along the Yalu River, making possible a personal reconnaissance intended to impress the media. His report to Washington dismissed the danger of Chinese intervention. Three days later Peng’s armies struck the American forces as they were driving to the Yalu River.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2003-10-03): The Chinese offensive of late November destroyed Eighth Army plans to push all the way to the Yalu. They also stymied the other arm of the offensive: the attack of X Corps and the ROK I Corps up the eastern coast and center of the peninsula. General Almond, following the intent of General MacArthur to push vigorously against the retreating foe, had planned a multipronged operation using these two corps. The ROK I Corps, consisting of the ROK 3d and Capital Divisions, was to proceed up the coastal roads over 200 miles northeast to Ch’ongjin and then on to the Yalu, there to guard the X Corps right flank. The X Corps was to attack north and west of the Changjin Reservoir. Its 7th Infantry Division was to occupy the center of the X Corps front and push to the Yalu at Hyesanjin, about 160 miles north of Wonsan. [...] ———. South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu (June–November 1950). U.S. Army in Korea. Washington, U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1961.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-26): The Yalu River is the longest river in North Korea, stretching 491 miles (790 kilometers). It begins on Paektu-san and flows southwest to the Yellow Sea. The Tumen River also begins on Paektu-san; it flows east into the Sea of Japan. [...] North Korea has nine national parks, the largest of which is Mount Kumgang National Park. But the DMZ between North and South Korea may be the peninsula's most important nature preserve. Since 1953, the DMZ has been considered neutral territory that no country owns; it’s patrolled by North Korea on one side and South Korea and the United States on the other, but few people are allowed inside. As a result, the DMZ is one of the most pristine nature preserves in Asia.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-02-01): His book Border of Water and Ice (forthcoming October 2024) examines the Yalu River boundary between northern Korea and China during a period of Japanese expansion in the region. Drawing on previously unexamined sources in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese, he argues that the seasonally freezing, thawing, and flooding river was a critical actor in imperial border creation and contestation. As part of his multilingual research on Korean history, Seeley has also published on topics such as animal disease control in colonial Korea, US-Korean diplomatic history, Korean tiger-human relations, and the history of Japanese colonial zoos in Seoul and Taipei. [...] Border of Water and Ice: The Yalu River and Japanese Imperialism in Korea and Manchuria [pre-order from Cornell University Press: https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501777387/border-of-water-and-ice/#bookTabs=1] [...] "Dammed Fish: Piscatorial Developmentalism and the Remaking of the Yalu River." In David Fedman, Eleana J. Kim, and Albert L. Park, eds., Forces of Nature: New Perspectives on Korean Environments (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2023). Book available for free e-download: https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501768798/forces-of-nature/#bookTabs=1 "Reeds, River Islands, and Inter-Imperial Conflict on the Early Twentieth-Century Sino-Korean Border." Water History Vol. 12 (September 2020): 373–384.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-19): North Korea forces initially drive South Korean and US troops back to a final stand on the Pusan Perimeter, around the port of Busan. US and UN forces launch a surprise landing at Inchon and drive North Korean troops all the way back close to the Yalu river border with China. Chinese forces then intervene and push the US and UN forces back.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-09): Today, according to North Korean textbooks and monographs, the first and the only center of Old Chosŏn was located in Pyongyang and its surroundings; in its initial stage, the borders of Old Chosŏn extended from the Yalu River in the North to the Han River in the South; and during the period of its greatest power, Old Chosŏn’s territory included the Korean Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula, as well as part of southern Manchuria. [...] This paper probes the visualization of the spaces of transnational militarism in South Korea—the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and expropriated territories for United States Forces Korea—that are, for most Koreans, imagined spaces beyond the sovereignty of South Korea in the name of peace keeping. To that end, I explore the unexpected paths of repetition via photographic representation: looking at the ways in which selected art and photography projects undo the national rhetoric of futurity prescribed in relentless adherence to, while seemingly oscillating between, anti-communist ideology and neoliberal desire; and considering how such projects create novel paths for repetition to take. The paper examines Jung Yeondoo’s performative photography project, DMZ Theater Series-Dora Theater (2019), and the reverberations in and of landscape photographs by Kang Yong Suk, Maehyangni P’unggyŏng (1999), depicting lands - and lives -expropriated for military purposes. Jung’s collaborative, multimedia, and site-specific project problematizes the site’s historically militarized conditions and the ways in which the site has always required the visitor to perform their ideological position when facing the DMZ.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-24): The following month saw U.N. forces crossing the 38th parallel into North Korea, capturing Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, and advancing to the Yalu River, the northern boundary of North Korea and China.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-07-22): On November 14, 1950, First Lieutenant James Dill, B Battery, 31st Field Artillery Battalion, 7th Infantry Division, United States Army, ordered the evacuation of one of his men from a mountain village in North Korea due to severe frostbite. Only a week prior, Dill rode shotgun in the open cab of a three-quarter ton truck through the mountains of hostile North Korean territory. As he looked back over the winding gravel and dirt road, he saw his entire artillery battery strung down the mountain, fighting the frigid, biting cold. Dill and his men were the spearhead of American troops moving rapidly toward the Yalu River and anticipated victory over the North Korean army. Unfortunately, winter came early in 1950, and the Americans found the cold to be just as deadly an enemy as the North Koreans fleeing before them. [...] The subsequent winters during the Korean War were milder than the final months of 1950, and by the stalemate, American Soldiers were properly outfitted with winter gear during the cold months. Of the Soldiers that survived the march to the Yalu River in North Korea, however, none will forget fighting the piercing, bitter cold.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-11): Initially, this new strategy was a success. The Inch’on Landing, an amphibious assault at Inch’on, pushed the North Koreans out of Seoul and back to their side of the 38th parallel. But as American troops crossed the boundary and headed north toward the Yalu River, the border between North Korea and Communist China, the Chinese started to worry about protecting themselves from what they called "armed aggression against Chinese territory." Chinese leader Mao Zedong (1893-1976) sent troops to North Korea and warned the United States to keep away from the Yalu boundary unless it wanted full-scale war. [...] Finally, after more than two years of negotiations, the adversaries signed an armistice on July 27, 1953. The agreement allowed the POWs to stay where they liked; drew a new boundary near the 38th parallel that gave South Korea an extra 1,500 square miles of territory; and created a 2-mile-wide "demilitarized zone" that still exists today.