copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-14): Juan de Nova Island (Île Juan de Nova), is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size. [...] Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, as well as a gendarme. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers. The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days. [...] Juan de Nova is located in the Mozambique Canal, closer to the Madagascar side: 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Tambohorano, 207 kilometres (129 mi) west-southwest from Tanjona Vilanandro and 288 kilometres (179 mi) from the African coast. A year on the island can be divided into two seasons: the cool season and the rainy season.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): Juan de Nova Island (hwän də nō´və), 1.7 sq mi (4.4 sq km), in the Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean, between Madagascar and Mozambique; a possession of France administered by a high commissioner in Réunion. Low and flat, the island is surrounded by coral reefs. Most of it consists of heavily forested areas that form a wildlife sanctuary. There is no indigenous population, but the island is the site of a small French military garrison and a weather station. There are abundant guano deposits. Named for a 15th-century Spanish explorer, Juan de Nova has been a French possession since 1897. It is also claimed by Madagascar.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-01-24): Juan de Nova Island [key], 1.7 sq mi (4.4 sq km), in the Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean, between Madagascar and Mozambique. A possession of France administered by a high commissioner in Réunion, it is part of the Scattered Islands district within the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Low and flat, the island is surrounded by coral reefs. Most of it consists of heavily forested areas that form a wildlife sanctuary. There is no indigenous population, but the island is the site of a small French military garrison and a weather station. There are abundant guano deposits. Named for a 15th-century Spanish explorer, Juan de Nova has been a French possession since 1897. It is also claimed by Madagascar.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-14): Welcome to Juan De Nova Island, a remote and pristine paradise located in the Indian Ocean. This small island, which is a part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, offers a unique blend of natural beauty, rich biodiversity, and a tranquil atmosphere. [...] Juan De Nova Island does not have a permanent population. However, it is occasionally inhabited by French military personnel and scientists. As a result, the official language spoken on the island is French. As Juan De Nova Island is a French territory, the official currency is the Euro (€). Visitors should note that the island is uninhabited and does not have any tourist facilities or infrastructure. Therefore, obtaining a visa to visit the island is not applicable.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-26): Juan de Nova Island is an island in the Indian Ocean off East Africa, about one-third of the way from Madagascar to Mozambique. It is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. It has no permanent population. [...] Buy [edit]There is no economic activity on Juan de Nova Island. Sleep [edit]There are no public accommodations on Juan de Nova Island.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-26): Juan de Nova Island, Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, France Juan de Nova Island is a tropical island governed by France that is in the narrowest area of the Mozambique Channel, roughly one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a small, flat island 4.8 square kilometers in size. Anchorage is possible off the island’s northeast coast, which also has an airfield. Administratively, the island is part of the Indian Ocean’s Scattered Islands district, which is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. The island is manned by French troops from Réunion and has a weather station.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Juan De Nova Island, French Southern Territories Climate [...] Juan De Nova Island Climate Summary Located at an elevation of 16.68 meters (54.72 feet) above sea level, Juan De Nova Island has a Tundra climate (Classification: ET). The city’s yearly temperature is 26.9ºC (80.42ºF) and it is 4.98% higher than French Southern Territories’s averages. Juan De Nova Island typically receives about 67.39 millimeters (2.65 inches) of precipitation and has 117.54 rainy days (32.2% of the time) annually.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-11): Note 6: The French Southern and Antarctic Lands includes Île Amsterdam, Île Saint-Paul, Îles Crozet, and Îles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean; the "Iles Eparses" (Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island and Tromelin Island) in the Mozambique Channel and western Indian Ocean; and the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Terre Adélie." The United States does not recognize the French claim to "Terre Adélie" (see note 2).
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-21): There are several French island departments/regions in the Western Indian Ocean. Please note that the designations employed and the presentations of material on this page do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP/Nairobi Convention or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name, frontiers or boundaries. [...] The lles Eparses are a collection of French overseas island territories in the Western Indian Ocean managed by the French Southern and Antarctic Lands since February 2007[6]. lles Eparses are composed of the following islands: Europa, Juan de Nova and Glorieuses archipelago (Grande Glorieuse, Roches Vertes and Ile du Lys) in the Mozambique Channel, Tromelin north of La Reunion and the barely emerged coral reef of Bassas da India. Bassas da India covers total land area of 80km2; Europa Island – 28km2; Glorioso Islands – 5 km2; Juan de Nova Island – 4.4 km2 and Tromelin Island a total 1 square kilometre[7] . The associated territorial marine waters represent a total of more than 640,000 km2 (approximately 6% of the French maritime territory). All islands except Juan de Nova were classified as nature reserves in 1975.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-31): A systematic survey of lichens was performed in 2019 in four of the five territories constituting the French Scattered Islands (Europa Island, Juan de Nova, Glorioso [...] A new species of Stigmatodiscus (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Stigmatodiscaceae) from Juan de Nova (Mozambique Channel, Scattered Islands, French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-08-09): The 2e RPIMa also provide men to two permanent detachments serving on small, inhabited French tropical islands lying between Madagascar and Mozambique, around 900 miles (1,500 km) west of Réunion: Juan de Nova Island and Europa Island.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-04-09): These small islands are located in the south-west Indian Ocean around Madagascar. The five entities are Juan de Nova, Europa, Bassas da India, Tromelin and the Glorieuses Islands (composed of Grande Glorieuse and Ile du Lys). [...] The Eparses Islands are all of coral origin as reflected in their morphology in the form of an atoll for Bassas da India, the Glorieuses, Juan-de-Nova and Europa and in the form of a raised atoll for Tromelin. Accumulating a surface area of 44 km², the highest point does not exceed a few metres of altitude. Located at altitudes of between 22° south for Europa and 11° south for the Ile of Lys of the Glorieuses, the Eparses Islands have a tropical climate and are located in the path of hurricanes from the north-east.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-04-04): Bassas da India, British Indian Ocean Territory, Comoros, Europa Island, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, Tromelin Island 6M: (MEDITERRANEAN SEA AREA)
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-21): Visit Juan de Nova Island for a unique French experience surrounded by stunning natural beauty and abundant wildlife. [...] Juan de Nova Island, a secluded gem nestled between Mozambique and Madagascar, belongs to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. This coral island, famous for its guano deposits, has played significant roles in maritime history. Today, its pristine beaches, turquoise waters, and vibrant marine life make it a sought-after destination for those craving solace and raw natural beauty. [...] Juan de Nova Island is strategically located in the Mozambique Channel, between Madagascar and the southeastern coast of Mozambique. It is a French possession, forming part of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean.
Claim: Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France (Juan de Nova Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-01-01): Juan de Nova is at a point off the Madagascar west coast characterized by significant aggregations of marine mammals, an indicator of high productivity likely driven by interactions between eddies and the shallowest sections of the Davie ridge. Europa and Bassas de India, in the center of the southern Mozambique channel, experience mature eddy systems. [...] Juan de Nova is a small coral island (about 6 km²) on a 250 km² coral reef platform. It consists of beachrock and sand dunes up to 12 m in height. The coral structures extend 12 km north and 2 km south of the island. The asymmetry of the reef bank, linked to the tilting of the island results in different reef morphologies: in the south the island has a well defined reef flat between 0 and 3 m depth, while in the north it slopes down slowly to 20 m deep before dropping to >2000 m to the channel bottom. On the island, phosphate deposits in the form of guano were exploited from 1900 to 1968.
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-10): Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang[2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959.[1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory. [...] Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the union territory of Ladakh. China claims that Aksai Chin is part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region. The line that separates Indian-administered areas of Ladakh from Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and is concurrent with the Chinese Aksai Chin claim line. [...] (b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-30): China map: India lodges 'strong protest' over territory claims [...] Indian media have reported that the map shows the north-eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh and the disputed Aksai Chin plateau as China's territory. [...] China says it considers the whole of Arunachal Pradesh its territory, calling it "South Tibet" - a claim India firmly rejects. India claims the Aksai Chin plateau in the Himalayas, which is controlled by China.
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-05-29): "The situation is serious. The Chinese have come into territory which they themselves accepted as part of India. It has completely changed the status quo," says Ajai Shukla, an Indian military expert who served as a colonel in the army. [...] The new federally-administered Ladakh included Aksai Chin, an area India claims but China controls. [...] China already controls the Aksai Chin area further east of Ladakh and this region, claimed by India, is strategically important for Beijing as it connects its Xinjiang province with western Tibet.
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-11): Traversing via maps, Aksai Chin – a land once forgotten due to its ruggedness but cherished as India's crown, found itself under the whammy of an assertive neighbour with no rightful stake. [...] Quoting Bertil Lintner from his book ‘China’s India War’, "The Chinese never recognised the Ardagh-Johnson Line, and in 1892, one of their patrols erected some border markers at the Karakoram Pass, where there was ancient caravan route between Xinjiang and Ladakh. Since then, the Chinese have continued to claim that the greater part of Ladakh’s Aksai Chin region should be inside the territory claimed by them." [...] From 1917 to 1933, the ‘Postal Atlas of China’ showed international boundaries almost identical to the Johnson-Ardagh line in all of its publications, with Aksai Chin within British territory.
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-04): China’s territorial disputes with India in Ladakh date back to the modern founding of the two countries. And Beijing’s claim lines have shifted west on at least two occasions, each involving demands for additional territory amounting to many thousands of square kilometers. Since at least the late 1980s (if not earlier), Chinese encroachments on claimed Indian possessions in Ladakh have intensified even as Indian leaders have attempted to negotiate new rules for managing the countries’ disputes along the entire frontier. [...] The pattern of Chinese patrolling since the late 1990s suggests that Beijing seeks to eventually control the entire Aksai Chin plateau (on which parts of Ladakh are located). China has laid claim to this region since the 1950s, but as the Sino-Indian rivalry has increased after the Cold War, Beijing has attempted to gradually bring bits and pieces of the disputed frontier under its de facto authority. The term de facto authority itself is inadequate in this context because, in the absence of maps that clearly delineate which areas each side actively controls, China’s creeping appropriation of territory cannot be either contested or contained except by physical Indian obstruction.
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-19): Sino-Indian War, (October 20–November 20, 1962), conflict between India and China, centred primarily on the disputed Aksai Chin region along those countries’ borders. [...] Aksai Chin in particular had been a long-ignored corner of the subcontinent because of its remoteness and isolation. However, this changed when the Chinese tried to connect Tibet with Xinjiang by building a military road through the region. India objected to the Chinese presence in the sector, which it claimed as part of the Ladakh region under Indian administration. [...] The Chinese leadership chose the height of the Cuban missile crisis as their moment of attack, apparently expecting a more drawn-out crisis in Cuba that would have distracted superpowers from intervening in India. But the swift resolution in Cuba in favour of the United States permitted Washington to respond to Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru’s request for help. With a U.S. aircraft carrier en route, China announced a unilateral ceasefire on November 20 and soon afterward withdrew from most of the invaded area. It retained control of about 14,700 square miles (38,000 square km) of territory in Aksai Chin, and the area remained a point of contention between the two countries.
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-29): Beijing on Monday released the 2023 edition of its "standard map" showing the state of Arunachal Pradesh and the Aksai Chin region in Ladakh as part of its territory. [...] A piece in India Today says Beijing lays claim to Aksai China as part of China’s medieval empire. [...] India Today quoted historian Ramchandra Guha as writing in his book India After Gandhi, "No official Chinese maps showed Aksai Chin as part of China before the 1920s, and a Sinkiang (Xinjiang) map of the 1930s showed the Kunlun (the mountains) rather than the Karakoram (range) to have been the customary boundary - which had been the Indian claim all along."
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-17): At least 20 Indian soldiers were killed in a bloody brawl with Chinese troops on Monday in the Galwan Valley, close to Aksai Chin, an area controlled by China but claimed by both countries. It is unclear if or how many Chinese soldiers died. Both sides have accused the other of overstepping the de facto border, the Line of Actual Control (LAC) that runs along the western sector of the valley. The details of the encounter remain confused, however, and may never be fully clear. [...] Aksai Chin,the area in contention, is claimed as part of Xinjiang by China and Ladakh by India. It is cold and inhospitable, draped in snow with temperatures around freezing, even in summer. Located high in the Himalayas, the average altitude is 14,000 feet (4,200 meters), almost double the height where altitude sickness kicks in, meaning any humans in the area have to undergo tedious, gradual acclimatisation or suffer crippling headaches, nausea and fatigue. [...] Aksai Chin is part of greater Kashmir, and after the bloody war between Pakistan and India in 1947 resulted in the partition of that region, the border between China and India was left ill-defined.
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-31): China controls a 38,000-square-kilometre section known as the Aksai Chin, which India claims as part of Ladakh. [...] "China continues to control Aksai Chin and India continues to claim Aksai Chin — whether it is part of Jammu and Kashmir or [a] union territory, I don't think it makes any real difference," he said. [...] Mr Hooda said he believed the Indian Government would only use Aksai Chin as a bargaining chip in their negotiations with China over other land disputes, importantly Arunachal Pradesh in India's north-east, which Beijing claims as its own.
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-13): Aksai Chin (Urdu: اکسای چن, Chinese: 阿克赛钦, Ākèsàiqīn) is a region 37,555 km² (16,481 sq mi) which lies at the juncture of China, Pakistan, and India. It consists of about one fifth of Kashmir and one of the driest place and true desert in the world that receive less rain than the Polar desert. It is ruled by China but claimed by the Republic of India. Aksai Chin is one of the two main border disputes between India and China. The other is the dispute over Arunachal Pradesh. Aksai Chin (the name literally means "Chin's desert of white stones") is a very large high-altitude hot desert of salt with sand dunes and yareta (a type of cushioned plants) that reaches heights up to 4,500 metres. It covers an area of 37,555 km² (16,481 sq mi) of the disputed territory. Geographically part of the Tibetan Plateau, Aksai Chin itself is a plateau and it is often called the "Soda Plain". The region is almost uninhabited, has no permanent settlements, and receives no rain or snow as the Himalayan and other mountains block the rains from the Indian monsoon. Pakistan recognizes it as part of China, however India has objected to this and claims all the territory. In boundary talks in 1960 Chinese officials shown a map drawn by General Staff of the Chinese Army in 1918 shows the territory as part of China. [...] True Map of Aksai Chin as per Indian claim
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): The first of the territories, Aksai Chin, is administered by China and claimed by India; it is mostly uninhabited high-altitude wasteland but with some significant pasture lands at the margins.[1] It lies at the intersection of Kashmir, Tibet and Xinjiang, and is crossed by China's Xinjiang-Tibet Highway; the other disputed territory is south of the McMahon Line, in the area formerly known as the North-East Frontier Agency and now a state called Arunachal Pradesh. It is administered by India and claimed by China. The McMahon Line was signed between British India and Tibet to form part of the 1914 Simla Convention, but the latter was never ratified by China.[2] China disowns the McMahon Line agreement, stating that Tibet was not independent when it signed the Simla Convention. [...] Boundary disputes [edit]1947–1962 [edit]During the 1950s, the People's Republic of China built a 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) road connecting Xinjiang and western Tibet, of which 179 kilometres (111 mi) ran south of the Johnson Line through the Aksai Chin region claimed by India.[9] Aksai Chin was easily accessible from China, but for the Indians on the south side of the Karakoram, the mountain range proved to be a complication in their access to Aksai Chin.[9] The Indians did not learn of the existence of the road until 1957, which was confirmed when the road was shown in Chinese maps published in 1958.[38]
Claim: Aksai Chin is a territory of India (Aksai Chin, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-22): In Short - No Chinese map showed Aksai Chin as its territory before 1920s - Aksai Chin was historically part of Ladakh, and British India since mid-19th century - China militarily captured Aksai Chin through 1950s and during 1962 war Aksai Chin is almost the size of Bhutan and little smaller than Switzerland. Most of it is in occupation of China, which captured the region during 1950s and consolidated its military grip over the area during the 1962 India-China war, rejecting all Indian attempts to settle border disputes peacefully. [...] China did not object to Ladakh or Aksai Chin being part of India until a couple of years after 1950, when Indian Constitution adopted the whole of Jammu and Kashmir as its integral territory.