copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Cancer is Candida/Fungus and can be cured (Anonymous, 2019-03-13)
Evidence (2022-09-28): Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, which tends to infect the host with defective immune function including cancer patients. A growing number of studies have shown that C. albicans infection increases the host susceptibility to cancer such as oral, gastric, and colorectal cancer. Cancer and anti-cancer treatment may also affect the colonization of C. albicans. C. albicans may promote the development of cancer by damaging mucosal epithelium, inducing the production of carcinogens, triggering chronic inflammation including Th17 cell-mediated immune response. In this article, we aim to elaborate the interaction between C. albicans and cancers development and summarize the potential molecular mechanisms, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
Claim: Cancer is Candida/Fungus and can be cured (Anonymous, 2019-03-13)
Evidence (2024-05-01): Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast in your body. Healthy bacteria help balance the amount of yeast and disruption of this balance leads to an infection. Antifungal medications treat candidiasis and clear the infection between two days to two weeks, depending on severity. [...] Yes, you can take over-the-counter antifungal medicines to treat yeast infections, but the success of over-the-counter medicine is dependent on knowing which type of yeast you are trying to treat. This can be difficult to identify without visiting your healthcare provider who will perform a culture test of the infection and give you a specific plan catered to treat your infection. [...] Treatment for candidiasis is extremely effective. Symptoms are bothersome but will start to fade after treatment begins and infections will clear up completely between two to three days or up to two weeks, depending on the type and severity of infection. If left untreated, symptoms of candidiasis will cause irritation and discomfort and could increase in severity over time. Sometimes candidiasis will return after treatment, so it's best to work with your healthcare provider on a treatment plan to target the specific type of yeast that caused the overgrowth on your body and follow through on treatment as directed.
Claim: Cancer is Candida/Fungus and can be cured (Anonymous, 2019-03-13)
Evidence (2023-03-16): Once the Candida fungus migrates past the gastrointestinal tract, it can become established in other major organs such as the lungs and kidneys. Left untreated, it can even cause death. When Candida progresses to the point where it is in the bloodstream, it is referred to as Candida sepsis. At this stage it is hard to treat and recovery is extremely difficult. The death rate from late stage disseminated Candidiasis may reach seventy percent. The importance of treating it in its early stages cannot be overstated. [...] While "natural" or homeopathic remedies exist which may alleviate Candida outbreaks, never self treat Candida infections with a health store remedy without consulting your doctor first. These health store remedies are not as potent as prescription medication, and may not be as effective for those who have had radiation therapy or chemotherapy. One of these types of treatments is gentian violet, a dye made from coal tar that may be purchased from some pharmacies, health food stores, and other places where alternative therapies are sold. The dye is applied by using a cotton swab to coat the Candida blotches. It is best to avoid swallowing the dye, as it can cause upset stomach. Gentian violet can also stain the inside of the mouth, but this fades over time. Your doctor should always be consulted, as a delay in complete control of the Candida "bloom" can allow it to spread to further areas of the body. Though potentially serious, prescription antifungal agents can quickly eradicate a Candida infection.
Claim: Cancer is Candida/Fungus and can be cured (Anonymous, 2019-03-13)
Evidence (2023-04-05): Topical treatments usually consist of antifungal oral rinses that weaken the cell walls of Candida so that they become leaky and die. Some of these rinses must be spat out after swishing, but others can be swallowed if the fungal infection extends to the back of the throat. There are also antifungal pills you can take to treat thrush. This option is viable when oral rinses or lozenges do not clear persistent or recurrent infections. The downside of systemic antifungals is that they have many drug interactions, which can limit their use. [...] Fungal infections must be managed promptly in patients who are immunocompromised during cancer treatment; these infections can be fatal.
Claim: Cancer is Candida/Fungus and can be cured (Anonymous, 2019-03-13)
Evidence (2014-11-01): Candida albicans and cancer: Can this yeast induce cancer development or progression? [...] There is currently increasing concern about the relation between microbial infections and cancer. More and more studies support the view that there is an association, above all, when the causal agents are bacteria or viruses. This review adds to this, summarizing evidence that the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans increases the risk of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Until recent years, Candida spp. had fundamentally been linked to cancerous processes as it is an opportunist pathogen that takes advantage of the immunosuppressed state of patients particularly due to chemotherapy. In contrast, the most recent findings demonstrate that C. albicans is capable of promoting cancer by several mechanisms, as described in the review: production of carcinogenic byproducts, triggering of inflammation, induction of Th17 response and molecular mimicry. We underline the need not only to control this type of infection during cancer treatment, especially given the major role of this yeast species in nosocomial infections, but also to find new therapeutic approaches to avoid the pro-tumor effect of this fungal species.
Claim: Cancer is Candida/Fungus and can be cured (Anonymous, 2019-03-13)
Evidence (2021-02-09): But new research suggests that bacteria aren’t the only microorganisms in the gut that affect how tumors respond to cancer treatments. Fungi, the study found, may also be important players. [...] Researchers have already begun to test whether tweaking the composition of the gut microbiome can boost the effectiveness of some cancer treatments. In a recent study, making wholesale changes in the makeup of the gut microbiome improved how well an immunotherapy drug worked in some people with melanoma. [...] For now, Dr. Ahmed cautioned, people undergoing cancer treatment should avoid any temptation to tweak their gut microbes on their own with over-the-counter probiotic supplements or prescription drugs.
Claim: Cancer is Candida/Fungus and can be cured (Anonymous, 2019-03-13)
Evidence (2024-05-01): Many fungal infections can be cured with antifungal medication, which kills fungus in and on your body. What form of medication your healthcare provider prescribes depends on where the fungus is. [...] To treat a fungal disease, your provider may prescribe antifungal treatment in the form of: [...] Fungi is around us all the time — in fact, some types of fungus live naturally on our bodies without us even thinking about it. So it’s not surprising that most of us will get a fungal infection at some point in our lives. Most can be resolved with treatment. If you have a weakened immune system or are at risk for severe or long-lasting infections, talk to your healthcare provider about how you can protect yourself.
Claim: Cancer is Candida/Fungus and can be cured (Anonymous, 2019-03-13)
Evidence (2021-04-23): For people with lowered immunity, such as from cancer treatment or HIV/AIDS, thrush can be more serious. Untreated oral thrush can lead to more-serious systemic candida infections. If you have a weakened immune system, thrush may spread to your esophagus or other parts of your body.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2019-09-09): Natural factors have certainly caused climate changes in the past, but that does not mean human factors are not responsible for climate change now. Observations clearly show that incoming solar radiation and the effects of volcanic eruptions have not changed in a way that could explain global warming. Instead, research has shown that human activities are the cause.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2021-10-25): Greenhouse gases - which trap the Sun's heat - are the crucial link between temperature rise and human activities. The most important is carbon dioxide (CO2), because of its abundance in the atmosphere. [...] There's a way we can show definitively where this extra CO2 came from. The carbon produced by burning fossil fuels has a distinctive chemical signature. Tree rings and polar ice both record changes in atmospheric chemistry. When examined they show that carbon - specifically from fossil sources - has risen significantly since 1850, external.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2022-06-15): Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that Earth’s climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Ancient evidence can also be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. This ancient, or paleoclimate, evidence reveals that current warming is occurring roughly 10 times faster than the average rate of warming after an ice age. Carbon dioxide from human activities is increasing about 250 times faster than it did from natural sources after the last Ice Age.3 [...] Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30%.13, 14 This increase is due to humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the ocean. The ocean has absorbed between 20% and 30% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in recent decades (7.2 to 10.8 billion metric tons per year).15, 16 [...] 15. C.L. Sabine, et al., "The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2." Science 305 (16 July 2004): 367-371. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097403.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2024-03-08): The roots of understanding this climate emergency trace back more than a century and a half. But it wasn’t until the 1950s that scientists began the detailed measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide that would prove how much carbon is pouring from human activities. Beginning in the 1960s, researchers began developing comprehensive computer models that now illuminate the severity of the changes ahead. Today we know that climate change and its consequences are real, and we are responsible. The emissions that people have been putting into the air for centuries — the emissions that made long-distance travel, economic growth and our material lives possible — have put us squarely on a warming trajectory. Only drastic cuts in carbon emissions, backed by collective global will, can make a significant difference. [...] The rise of climate modeling allowed scientists to more accurately envision the impacts of global warming. In 1979, Charney and other experts met in Woods Hole, Mass., to try to put together a scientific consensus on what increasing levels of CO2 would mean for the planet. They analyzed climate models from Manabe and from James Hansen of NASA. The resulting "Charney report" concluded that rising CO2 in the atmosphere would lead to additional and significant climate change. The ocean might take up much of that heat, the scientists wrote — but "it appears that the warming will eventually occur, and the associated regional climatic changes so important to the assessment of socioeconomic consequence may well be significant."
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2023-09-27): Changes observed in Earth’s climate since the mid-20th century are driven by human activities, particularly fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere, raising Earth’s average surface temperature. Natural processes, which have been overwhelmed by human activities, can also contribute to climate change, including internal variability (e.g., cyclical ocean patterns like El Niño, La Niña and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) and external forcings (e.g., volcanic activity, changes in the Sun’s energy output, variations in Earth’s orbit). [...] Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s surface observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere. This term is not interchangeable with the term "climate change." [...] Vital Signs. Graphs and animated time series showing real-time climate change data, including atmospheric carbon dioxide, global temperature, sea ice extent, and ice sheet volume.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2021-10-25): Greenhouse gases - which trap the Sun's heat - are the crucial link between temperature rise and human activities. The most important is carbon dioxide (CO2), because of its abundance in the atmosphere. [...] There's a way we can show definitively where this extra CO2 came from. The carbon produced by burning fossil fuels has a distinctive chemical signature. Tree rings and polar ice both record changes in atmospheric chemistry. When examined they show that carbon - specifically from fossil sources - has risen significantly since 1850.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Greenhouse gases emitted by human activities alter Earth’s energy balance and thus its climate. Humans also affect climate by changing the nature of the land surfaces (for example by clearing forests for farming) and through the emission of pollutants that affect the amount and type of particles in the atmosphere. Scientists have determined that, when all human and natural factors are considered, Earth’s climate balance has been altered towards warming, with the biggest contributor being increases in CO2. [...] Measurements of the forms (isotopes) of carbon in the modern atmosphere show a clear fingerprint of the addition of "old" carbon (depleted in natural radioactive 14C) coming from the combustion of fossil fuels (as opposed to "newer" carbon coming from living systems). In addition, it is known that human activities (excluding land use changes) currently emit an estimated 10 billion tonnes of carbon each year, mostly by burning fossil fuels, which is more than enough to explain the observed increase in concentration. These and other lines of evidence point conclusively to the fact that the elevated CO2 concentration in our atmosphere is the result of human activities.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2022-11-16): In the late 19th century, the scientist (and suffragette) Eunice Newton Foote published a paper suggesting that a build-up of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere could cause increased surface temperatures1. In the mid-20th century, the British engineer Guy Callendar was the first to concretize the link between carbon dioxide levels and global warming2. Now, a century and a half after Foote’s work, there is overwhelming scientific evidence that human behaviour is the main driver of climatic changes and global warming. [...] Human behaviour is a neglected factor in climate science In the light of the empirical evidence for the role of human behaviour in climatic changes, it is curious that the ‘human factor’ has not always received much attention in key research areas, such as climate modelling. For a long time, climate models to predict global warming and emissions did not account for it. This oversight meant that predictions made by these models have differed greatly in their projected rise in temperatures8,9.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2020-10-29): Are humans causing or contributing to global warming? Yes, by increasing the abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, human activities are amplifying Earth’s natural greenhouse effect. Virtually all climate scientists agree that this increase in heat-trapping gases is the main reason for the 1.8°F (1.0°C) rise in global average temperature since the late nineteenth century. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and various chlorofluorocarbons are all human-emitted heat-trapping gases. Among these, carbon dioxide is of greatest concern to scientists because it exerts a larger overall warming influence than the other gases combined. At present, humans are putting an estimated 9.5 billion metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year by burning fossil fuels, and another 1.5 billion through deforestation and other land cover changes. Of this human-produced carbon, forests and other vegetation absorb around 3.2 billion metric tons per year, while the ocean absorbs about 2.5 billion metric tons per year. A net 5 billion metric tons of human-produced carbon remain in the atmosphere each year, raising the global average carbon dioxide concentrations by about 2.3 parts per million per year. Since 1750, humans have increased the abundance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by nearly 50 percent. Learn more.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2024-09-01): Fossil fuels – coal, oil and gas – are by far the largest contributor to global climate change, accounting for over 75 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90 per cent of all carbon dioxide emissions. As greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth, they trap the sun’s heat. This leads to global warming and climate change. The world is now warming faster than at any point in recorded history. Warmer temperatures over time are changing weather patterns and disrupting the usual balance of nature. This poses many risks to human beings and all other forms of life on Earth.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2022-06-15): Takeaways - The greenhouse effect is essential to life on Earth, but human-made emissions in the atmosphere are trapping and slowing heat loss to space. [...] A vital component of the atmosphere, carbon dioxide (CO2) is released through natural processes (like volcanic eruptions) and through human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. [...] In its Sixth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, composed of scientific experts from countries all over the world, concluded that it is unequivocal that the increase of CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere over the industrial era is the result of human activities and that human influence is the principal driver of many changes observed across the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2018-12-01): The evidence of human influence on the climate system has strengthened progressively over the course of the previous five IPCC assessments, from the Second Assessment Report that concluded ‘the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on climate’ through to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) which concluded that ‘it is extremely likely that human influence caused more than half of the observed increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) from 1951 to 2010’ (see also Sections 1.3.4 and 3.3.1.1). The AR5 concluded that climate models had been developed and improved since the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and were able to reproduce many features of observed climate. Nonetheless, several systematic biases were identified (Flato et al., 2013). This chapter additionally builds on the assessment of attribution of global temperatures contained in the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5; IPCC, 2018), assessments of attribution of changes in the ocean and cryosphere in the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC; IPCC, 2019b), and assessments of attribution of changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle in the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL, IPCC, 2019a).
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2023-09-25): Statement on Climate Change from 18 Scientific Associations "Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver." (2009)2 - [...] American Geophysical Union "Based on extensive scientific evidence, it is extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. There is no alterative explanation supported by convincing evidence." (2019)5 - [...] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change "It is unequivocal that the increase of CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere over the industrial era is the result of human activities and that human influence is the principal driver of many changes observed across the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere.
Claim: Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. (Kurt Schlichter, 2019-09-09)
Evidence (2022-02-28): BERLIN, Feb 28 – Human-induced climate change is causing dangerous and widespread disruption in nature and affecting the lives of billions of people around the world, despite efforts to reduce the risks. People and ecosystems least able to cope are being hardest hit, said scientists in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, released today. [...] There is increasing evidence of adaptation that has caused unintended consequences, for example destroying nature, putting peoples’ lives at risk or increasing greenhouse gas emissions. This can be avoided by involving everyone in planning, attention to equity and justice, and drawing on Indigenous and local knowledge. [...] "The scientific evidence is unequivocal: climate change is a threat to human wellbeing and the health of the planet. Any further delay in concerted global action will miss a brief and rapidly closing window to secure a liveable future," said Hans-Otto Pörtner.