copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Wearing face masks can cause harmful levels of reduced oxygen. (Viral social media post, 2020-10-16)
Evidence (2022-04-14): The study sample size was calculated with PASS 11 (NCSS, LLC Kaysville, UT, USA). Before the release of the electronic questionnaire, we conducted a small-scale preliminary survey. The incidence of wearing SMs continuously for morethan 4 h was 55%. We assumed that the incidence was 50%, with α of 5%, absolute deviation of 5%, and the sample size of 402. Previous studies have shown that masks can reduce the blood oxygen saturation of medical staff by 1–3.5% (20, 21). We determined whether wearing an SM was associated with an SpO2 decrease of 2% or more. For a 2% decrease in SpO2, a standard deviation of 3%, α of 5%, and power of 90%, a sample size of at least 24 participants was required. Considering the 10% shedding rate, at least 27 participants were required. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 39 anesthesiologists. One participant whose resting oxygen saturation reading was lower than 96% and 3 participants who did not complete the test due to removing their masks were excluded, and a total of 35 subjects were included.
Claim: Wearing face masks can cause harmful levels of reduced oxygen. (Viral social media post, 2020-10-16)
Evidence (2021-03-01): Does Wearing a Face Mask Limit Your Oxygen Intake? [...] The risk to the general adult population of having significantly abnormal levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide when wearing a cloth or surgical mask is near zero, says Steven L. Shein, MD, Division Chief of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine at UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital. [...] The study,The Effects of Wearing Facemasks on Oxygenation and Ventilation at Rest and During Physical Activity, was published in the journal PLOS ONE. The study was supported financially by UH Rainbow Department of Pediatrics.
Claim: Wearing face masks can cause harmful levels of reduced oxygen. (Viral social media post, 2020-10-16)
Evidence (2021-01-02): Published in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society on 2 October 2020, the research found that wearing a face mask has a negligible negative effect on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. [...] The researchers also tested the participants’ blood oxygen levels at five and 30 minutes while resting with a face mask on, and found there were no changes of clinical significance in either end-tidal CO2 nor oxygen saturation at rest. [...] ‘You’d be horrified if people are becoming hypoxic or hypercapneic [from wearing a face mask],’ he said.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2016-03-14): This claim is accurate. While Northern Ireland is experiencing growth in discretionary income, it is still disproportionately behind the rest of the UK.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2022-03-02): In an article published by the Belfast Telegraph detailing a declining number of shoppers on high streets and in shopping centres and retail parks across the province in February, Aodhan Connolly, director of the Northern Ireland Retail Consortium, is quoted stating, "The truth is, in Northern Ireland, we have less than half of the weekly disposable income than households in the rest of the UK." [...] Finally, figures released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in June 2015 revealed that Northern Ireland residents had the lowest gross disposable income (income that people have left to live on once their taxes, mortgage/rent and pension savings have been deducted) per head in 2013, where the average person had £14,347 available to save or spend, compared with a UK average of £17,559. The data presented by the ONS also shows the disparity in wealth that exists within the country, with citizens living in Outer Belfast having, on average, a disposable income of £15,208 compared to £12,910 in the North of Northern Ireland.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2022-05-05): NI Has UK's Lowest Disposable Income [...] As the UK's worst performing region, it means the average family in NI has only £127 per week at its disposal once all taxes, essential items and bills have been paid. [...] The average Northern Irish household had a disposable income of £100 per week in the first quarter of 2023, a drop of 21.2% when compared to the same period last year, according to the latest Asda Income Tracker. This is the seventh consecutive quarter that NI has recorded the largest year-on-year decline in income of any region across the UK.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-09-12): The discretionary income of Northern Ireland's lowest earning households have fallen a further 29.5% over the last year, from £28.12 to £19.83 per week, according to the latest figures from the Consumer Council. [...] NI's Disposable Income Falls To Seven-Year Low The disposable income of Northern Irish households fell by almost 28% to an average of £93 per week, representing a seven-year low, according to the latest figures from Asda's Income Tracker.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2021-10-13): In 2019, the growth in gross disposable household income (GDHI) per head in the UK was 2.5% when compared with 2018; Scotland and Northern Ireland exceeded this with 2.8% and 2.6% respectively, while England's growth was the same as the UK and Wales grew by 1.1%. Of the countries and regions classified by International Territorial Levels (ITL1) in 2019, London had the highest GDHI per head where, on average, each person had £30,256 available to spend or save; the North East had the lowest at £17,096, which compares with a UK average of £21,433. [...] UK total gross disposable household income (GDHI) in 2019 was £1,432 billion. Of that, 86.4% was in England, 7.5% was in Scotland, 3.8% was in Wales and Northern Ireland had the lowest share of total GDHI in 2019 at 2.3%.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-02-13): The amount of money Northern Ireland’s lowest income families have left after they’ve paid their bills continues to plummet, latest figures show. The Consumer Council’s Northern Ireland Household Expenditure Tracker shows the lowest earning households have seen their ‘discretionary income’ fall by 46.7% in the last year - from £37.11 to just £19.78 a week. [...] Reacting to the latest figures, Noyona Chundur, Chief Executive of the Consumer Council, said: "The Consumer Council first published its Household Expenditure Tracker last year, and with each publication, we have seen a decline in discretionary income for Northern Ireland’s lowest earning households. The statistics within the Household Expenditure Tracker quantify what we already know and are seeing on a daily basis: that consumers are significantly struggling at the moment.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2024-09-30): - In 2022, gross disposable household income (GDHI) in the UK grew by 6.3% when compared with 2021; GDHI in England grew by 6.5%, while GDHI in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales grew by 6.3%, 5.5% and 4.4%, respectively. - Of the countries and regions classified by International Territorial Level (ITL) 1, London had the highest GDHI per head in 2022 where, on average, each person had £32,330 available to spend or save; the North East had the lowest at £18,388, which compares with a UK average of £22,789. [...] Annual estimates of UK regional gross disposable household income (GDHI) for local authorities by International Territorial Level (ITL) region.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Despite lower wages, it is still within reach for many people in the North to afford to buy their own home; house prices have not reached anywhere near the levels of many parts of the south. [...] At 24%, child poverty is on the rise in Northern Ireland, although it’s lower than the UK as a whole.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-12-18): According to the latest figures (median gross weekly pay in 2022 for full-time employees) across the 12 regions of the UK, Northern Ireland had the third lowest pay (£592), ahead of the North East of England (£575) and Yorkshire and the Humber (£579). The UK average was £640. [...] However, when considering the UK as four nations, things are different. NI has had the lowest average pay in the UK in six of the past ten years, including in the latest figures. Together with the OECD figures comparing average wages in the UK with those in Ireland, this less granular approach is backed by evidence. [...] These results do not back the claim that NI has the lowest economic growth in the UK at a regional level. When considering the four nations, there are parts of the figures that indicate Wales is lowest and parts that suggest NI – although probably more evidence for the former.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2016-05-26): NI population has lowest disposable income in UK - Published People in Northern Ireland have, on average, the lowest disposable incomes of any UK region, figures from the Office for National Statistics suggest. [...] That gives the west and south of Northern Ireland the sixth lowest disposable income per head across all UK sub regions.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2017-01-25): Northern Ireland still has UK's lowest disposable income - Published Disposable incomes in Northern Ireland are nearly half the UK average, new figures suggest. [...] It says NI families have £105 a week discretionary income, the lowest of any UK region and well below the UK average of £202 a week.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-09-13): In 2021, gross disposable household income (GDHI) in the UK grew by 3.6% when compared with 2020; Northern Ireland increased by 4.5%, while England, Wales and Scotland reported increases of 3.7%, 2.8% and 2.6%, respectively. Of the countries and regions classified by International Territorial Levels (ITL1) in 2021, London had the highest GDHI per head where, on average, each person had £31,094 available to spend or save; Northern Ireland had the lowest at £17,636, which compares with a UK average of £21,679. [...] UK total gross disposable household income (GDHI) in 2021 was £1.5 trillion. Of that, 86.4% was in England, 7.4% was in Scotland, 3.9% was in Wales, and Northern Ireland had the lowest share of total GDHI in 2021 at 2.3%. When compared with the size of each country's population, only England had a GDHI per head above the UK average.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-12-18): - By one common definition, NI has the lowest child poverty rates of any UK region. [...] "Northern Ireland has the highest levels of child poverty in the UK" [...] There is no single definition of poverty (as FactCheckNI has written about before). On 6 April, the House of Commons Library published a statistical factsheet looking at poverty in the UK. It that "[two] commonly used measures of poverty based on disposable income" are:
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2022-10-27): Another election could cost £6m, which would be unpopular during a cost of living crisis in the UK nation with the lowest disposable income and the highest energy prices.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-09-14): UK's lowest disposable income [...] However at £17,636, Northern Ireland still had the lowest average disposable income among the 12 UK regions. [...] Disposable incomes in Northern Ireland had fallen by 0.5% in 2020.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2015-09-03): Households below average income in Northern Ireland, 2013 to 2014 Information on the standard of living in Northern Ireland, focusing on lower income families, by disposable income This report is the twelfth in the Northern Ireland Households Below Average Income Series and principally gives information on the income distribution in Northern Ireland for the period April 2012 to March 2013 using cross sectional data from the Department for Social Development’s Family Resources Survey
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2020-12-11): From 6 April 2009 the lower limit for disposable income is £3,355; the upper disposable income limit is £9,937 and in personal Injury cases, it is £10,955.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-09-19): Northern Ireland (NI) has its long list of issues. Enduring division, high levels of socio-economic deprivation and political instability would not make NI the obvious choice for the UK’s "happiest" region. [...] However, with the UK’s lowest economic productivity and disposable income, the Nevin economic research institute remarks that "on just about any other economic or social indicator of our well-being you tend to find Northern Ireland ranking poorly relative to the UK" [...] However, unlike NI, explaining the Republic of Ireland’s high levels of life satisfaction is relatively more straightforward. Looking comparatively across the island, Professor John Doyle outlines the main differences in living standards, with the Republic of Ireland out matching NI when it comes to enrolments in secondary education, disposable household income, and risks of poverty.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2024-01-01): 10. Looking at Gross Disposable Household Income (GDHI) per head, a measure of living standards before housing costs, London had the highest, followed by the South East and East of England. The lower end of the scale is occupied by: Yorkshire and The Humber; Northern Ireland; the North East; and Wales. Considering growth in GDHI per head between 1997 and 2017, London and Scotland grew above the UK average, while Wales and Yorkshire and the Humber dipped below. [...] 96. There is a wide range of incomes within each region. London is unique in having far higher disposable income than all other regions; the poorest areas of London are still better off than the richest areas of Northern Ireland and Wales. The upper band (South and East of England and Scotland) have areas with higher income similar to those in the middle band (North and Middle England), but lack the really poor areas seen in the Midlands and North of England. These are mainly urban areas, as are the poorest parts of every region. Generally, it is the suburban and rural areas that have the highest disposable income in most parts of the UK. 97. The lower band (Northern Ireland, Wales and the North East of England) is characterised by a much narrower spread of incomes, though all are towards the lower end of the scale. There are no areas here that could be called wealthy, relative to the rest of the UK, as they are all below the UK average.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-12-05): While the survey shows parents struggling to afford the childcare they need to work, it also reflects the challenges childcare providers face due to rising costs. Philip Dalgity, Chair of Northern Ireland Day Care Owners commented: "Given the latest National Living Wage increase to £11.44, many providers I’ve spoken with will have no choice but to look at a fee increase in April 2024, to cover this additional cost. Given that Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK, and the least financial help for childcare, I fear that this will be a step too far for many parents and providers."
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2014-06-04): ONS survey suggests NI disposable incomes lowest in UK - Published People in Northern Ireland typically have the lowest disposal incomes of any part of the UK, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS). [...] Northern Ireland's disposable income gap with the rest of the UK narrowed during the boom years, but has steadily widened since 2007.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-07-27): Northern Ireland ‘has lowest disposable incomes of the UK’: report [...] The Income Tracker from supermarket Asda said Northern Ireland remained at the bottom of the UK league table for disposable income. [...] Sam Miley, Cebr managing economist, said: "Northern Ireland remains the poorest performing region in the UK when it comes to discretionary income, in both absolute and year-on-year growth terms.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2022-10-12): In 2020, gross disposable household income (GDHI) per head in the UK fell 0.2% when compared with 2019; England fell by 0.2% and Northern Ireland by 0.5%, while Wales and Scotland reported increases of 0.9% and 0.3%, respectively. Of the countries and regions classified by International Territorial Levels (ITL1) in 2020, London had the highest GDHI per head where, on average, each person had £29,890 available to spend or save; Northern Ireland had the lowest at £17,301, which compares with a UK average of £21,440. [...] UK total gross disposable household income (GDHI) in 2020 was £1.4 trillion. Of that, 86.4% was in England, 7.5% was in Scotland, 3.9% was in Wales and Northern Ireland had the lowest share of total GDHI in 2020 at 2.3%. When compared with the size of each country's population, only England had a GDHI per head above the UK average.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2018-05-24): England had the highest disposable income in the UK in 2016 of £19,878. In contrast, Northern Ireland had the lowest disposable income of £15,719. [...] The areas which had the least disposable income in 2016 were all within the north and midland regions of England, except for Derry City and Strabane in Northern Ireland. Nottingham had the lowest disposable income per head in 2016, at 37.1% below the UK average. This was followed by Blackburn with Darwen and Leicester.
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-09-18): Inclusive growth - increase Northern Ireland household disposable income above the
Claim: Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK. (John Mulgrew, 2016-03-14)
Evidence (2023-09-14): Gross Disposable Household Income (GDHI) is the amount of money individuals have for spending or saving. This is money left after expenditure such as taxes associated with income and social contributions, property ownership and future provision for pension income. [...] - Northern Ireland’s total GDHI increased by 4.5% between 2020 and 2021 whereas the UK’s total GDHI increased by 3.6%. Northern Ireland’s total GDHI growth rate between 2020 and 2021 was higher than that of any other UK region. - Northern Ireland’s GDHI per head increased by 4.0% between 2020 and 2021, which is higher than the growth rate of the UK as a whole, which increased by 3.7%.
Claim: There are only DUP members (who are/were members of a Northern Ireland political party) in the House of Lords (Andrew Adonis, 2020-01-06)
Evidence (2020-01-06): John Alderdice (Lord Alderdice of Knock; Liberal Democrat): previous leader of Alliance Party; Ken Maginnis (Lord Maginnis of Drumblass; Independent Ulster Unionist): previous MP for Fermanagh and South Tyrone (UUP); John Taylor (Lord Kilclooney of Armagh; Crossbench): previous MP for Strangford (UUP); David Trimble (Lord Trimble of Lisnagarvey; Conservative): previous leader of UUP; and Margaret Ritchie (Baroness Ritchie of Downpatrick; Non-affiliated): previous leader of SDLP.
Claim: There are only DUP members (who are/were members of a Northern Ireland political party) in the House of Lords (Andrew Adonis, 2020-01-06)
Evidence (2024-01-30): Northern Ireland’s largest British unionist party has agreed to end a boycott that left the region’s people without a power-sharing administration for two years, it said Tuesday — a breakthrough that could see the shuttered Belfast government restored within days. After a late-night meeting, Democratic Unionist Party leader Jeffrey Donaldson said the party’s executive has backed proposals to return to the government. He said agreements reached with the U.K. government in London "provide a basis for our party to nominate members to the Northern Ireland Executive, thus seeing the restoration of the locally elected institutions." [...] The DUP quit the government in opposition to the new trade rules put in place after the U.K. left the European Union in 2020 that imposed customs checks and other hurdles on goods moving to Northern Ireland from the rest of the U.K.
Claim: There are only DUP members (who are/were members of a Northern Ireland political party) in the House of Lords (Andrew Adonis, 2020-01-06)
Evidence (2021-05-14): Sir Jeffrey Donaldson is the DUP's Westminster leader and is currently the longest-serving MP from Northern Ireland. [...] Sir Jeffrey continued to disagree with Lord Trimble, which eventually led to his leaving the party in 2003 and joining the DUP in 2004. , external [...] Edwin Poots has been a member of the DUP for all of his political career and is currently the minister for agriculture, environment and rural affairs.
Claim: There are only DUP members (who are/were members of a Northern Ireland political party) in the House of Lords (Andrew Adonis, 2020-01-06)
Evidence (2024-08-18): Appearance (Redirected from List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords) This is a list of Members of the United Kingdom House of Lords who were born, held office in, live or lived in Northern Ireland. [...] - The Lord Blease, trade unionist and one-time member of the Northern Ireland Labour Party - The Baroness Blood Trade unionist and women's campaigner - The 1st Viscount Brookeborough, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party - The 2nd Viscount Brookeborough, Ulster Unionist Stormont MP - The Lord Carson Irish Unionist and latterly Ulster Unionist Westminster MP, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party and Law Lord - The Lord Carswell, former Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland and Law Lord - The Lord Cooke of Islandreagh, member of the Senate of Northern Ireland - The 1st Viscount Craigavon, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party - The 4th Lord Dunleath, Alliance Party Stormont MP.
Claim: There are only DUP members (who are/were members of a Northern Ireland political party) in the House of Lords (Andrew Adonis, 2020-01-06)
Evidence (2023-09-10): The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is the largest unionist political party in Northern Ireland. [...] There are eight DUP MPs in Westminster following the 2019 general election. They are Sammy Wilson, Gavin Robinson, Jeffrey Donaldson, Jim Shannon, Gregory Campbell, Paul Girvan, Carla Lockhart and Ian Paisley. Former deputy leader Nigel Dodds also sits in the House of Lords at Westminster. [...] No, the DUP only fields candidates in Northern Ireland elections, including general elections in which members of parliament (MPs) are elected to sit in Westminster as part of the UK government.