copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-08-21): The Fergana valley is the heart of Central Asia, both geographically and in terms of population – in just 0.5% of Central Asia’s land area it houses 20% of Central Asia’s population. The density of population shows: Central Asia is a region where you can easily travel a thousand kilometres without seeing a significant settlement, but in the Fergana valley there is a major city every 70-80km. The productivity this density allows makes it a politically and economically important region but Western countries have often relatively overlooked it in their engagement with the region. The valley is dominated by Uzbekistan whose territory comprises more than 80% of the area and which contains a majority of the valley’s people. Even in the provinces of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan that lie partly in the valley, there are significant Uzbek minorities (as high as 48% in Kyrgyzstan’s Osh City) and Khujand, has always felt historically close to Uzbekistan, often to Dushanbe’s dismay [...] With so many people in such a small area, it is no wonder that the Fergana valley is the most politically active (and volatile) region of Central Asia. It is also one of the most religious and conservative parts of Central Asia with more than 80% of the population being Sunni Muslims, and the birthplace of radical groups such as the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. It is no coincidence then that, of the 2,000-4,000 Central Asians who have travelled to Iraq and Syria to join IS perhaps 1,000 are from the Fergana valley.
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-01): Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan share the waters of the Syr Darya River. The transboundary river rises in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan, and flows through Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. As climate change alters water availability in the region, claims over the resource have become increasingly fraught, particularly in the fertile and economically important Ferghana Valley region, which spans the territories of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. [...] Throughout the 1990s, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan (along with other Central Asian countries) signed more than eight agreements pledging to work together and raise the level of water cooperation. In recent years, however, expert commentators say these efforts have intensified – particularly as water scarcity grows in the Ferghana Valley. [...] Since Mirziyoyev came to power, "constructive cooperation has developed between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan" said Igor Shestakov, director of the Oy Ordo Center for Expert Initiatives, a project of an NGO based in Kyrgyzstan. "The countries are making positive progress on the bilateral agenda, including the establishment of water relations, despite the fact that this is a difficult task."
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-16): The study domain (a) Central Asia and (b) the Tashkent, Syrdarya, and Jizzakh regions, the Ferghana Valley regions of Uzbekistan, the Sughd region of Tajikistan, and the South Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan. The map was created using ArcMap 10.8 obtained from website https://desktop.arcgis.com/. [...] Our study characterized one of the strongest dust storms in the history of Central Asia, which occurred on November 4, 2021, using a set of high-resolution TROPOMI UVAI spaceborne observations, ground-based aerosol measurements, and Lagrangian particle modelling. Most notably, the severe dust storm driven by the front part of the cold polar anticyclone front from the Ural–Volga regions hit the central and eastern parts of Uzbekistan on the evening of November 4, 2021, growing under favorable weather conditions into the worst since the country started keeping meteorological records in 1871. For the first time, we identified two plumes, which had spread out and a thick haze blanketed the central and eastern parts of Uzbekistan. Tashkent (the capital of Uzbekistan) and the Fergana Valley region of Uzbekistan were found to be the most affected by the severe dust storm. The ground-based observations at airports in the storm’s influence indicated that the visibility range plummeted down to 200 m as a very thick atmospheric dust layer was developed. In Tashkent, PM10 concentrations rose to 18,000 µg/m3, thereby exhibiting 260-fold exceedances, compared to the local long-term average value.
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-20): The ethnically and culturally complex region of the Fergana Valley is divided among three countries: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The Kyrgyz and the Tajik parts of the Fergana Valley are geographically closer to Uzbekistan than to the capitals of their own countries. Tashkent is only two hours by car from Khujand (the main city in the Tajik part of the valley), while the trip from Khujand to Dushanbe takes about ten hours. From Osh in the Kyrgyz part of Ferghana to Uzbekistan’s border takes only 40 minutes, but travel to the capital Bishkek is ten hours. "The Fergana Valley is a knot of difficult problems: disputed border territories, interethnic tensions, the activities of Islamic radicals. The valley interlinks three Central Asia countries; a conflict in one part on the valley spreads to the other parts, which belong to neighboring countries. Therefore, stability in the Ferghana Valley determines stability in the whole Central Asia," believes Dr. Sergey Abashin, the head of the Central Asia Department of the Russian Institute of Ethnology (author’s interview, September 27).
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-10-08): Central Asia: Tensions Grow in the Fergana Valley [...] Editor's Note: This is the second installment of a two-part series on the Fergana Valley region of Central Asia, its complex demographics and the history and future of conflicts in the area. Click here for Part 1. In the coming years, the Fergana Valley is likely to experience increased volatility as the population continues to grow and so does the competition for its land and resources. Given the importance of the location of the Fergana Valley, this is bound to draw in powers with competing interests in the region, including Russia, China and the United States.
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-30): Site selection - - [...] Highly Restricted Endemics of FV - [...] Further research - -
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-02-01): As it is known Yarkand was considered as one of the junctions of the Great Silk Roads. Here the route got divided into two branches, i.e. northern and southern ones. Southern branch through Pamir and Badakhshan led to Bactria and further to the cities of the Middle East and Mediterranean. Northern branch of the route went through Kashgar and various passages and led to the territory of Dayuan (i.e. Ferghana Valley). Initially the route went through Uzgen to Osh. From Osh it passed through the cities of Uzbekistan. In this regard, the largest city of the Ferghana Valley, through which the Great Silk Roads passed, was Ahsikent. The ruins of the ancient site of Ahsikent are located 25 km to the south-west of the city of Namangan, on the right river bank of Syr Darya. Structurally, the ancient site is divided into three parts: a citadel, shahristan and rabad. Total area of the site is about 350 ha. Individual segments of the site have been ruined by Syr Darya by present.
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-08): The Fergana Valley Is an Isolate of Biodiversity: A Discussion of the Endemic Herpetofauna and Description of Two New Species of Alsophylax (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Eastern Uzbekistan - PMID: 37570324 - PMCID: PMC10417568 - DOI: 10.3390/ani13152516 The Fergana Valley Is an Isolate of Biodiversity: A Discussion of the Endemic Herpetofauna and Description of Two New Species of Alsophylax (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Eastern Uzbekistan The high level of endemism in Fergana Valley has been well documented in numerous studies for various groups of animals and plants. In a relatively small area, there are 45 endemic plant species, five endemic insect species, and five endemic reptile species. In surveying this area for data on distribution, abundance, acoustics, and genetic samples for species of reptiles, we discovered two new species of gecko from the genus Alsophylax. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences indicate the relatives of these new species are the even-fingered gecko, Alsophylax pipiens, and the southern even-fingered gecko, Alsophylax laevis, located hundreds of kilometers to the northwest and southwest of the Fergana Valley. The threats to these new endemic species are significant given the amount of continued agricultural development that involves new territories previously considered "unsuitable" for any species of significance that is leading to the further reduction in, fragmentation of, and degradation of the remaining natural ecosystems in the Fergana Valley. The conservation of these rare and locally endemic species depends directly on the readiness of the state to create areas with IUCN I and II protection.
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-10): The Fergana Valley has long served as a bread basket and trading hub for the civilizations that have occupied the surrounding mountains. Thus, the area has traditionally been ethnically diverse, with substantial Uzbek, Tajik, and Kyrgyz populations which tend to live in large pockets rather than within easily discernible boarders. The area is also home to significant Russian, Kashgarian, Kipchak, Bukharan Jew, and Romani minorities. [...] After the revolution, and after a very brief period as part of an independent Turkestan, Osh and the valley were absorbed into the Soviet Union. In 1924, the eastern part of the Fergana Valley was divided between the newly created Soviet republics of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, even though the entire valley had traditionally been heavily Uzbek. Further, when the Soviets industrialized Osh during the 1960s, they encouraged the local Kyrgyz to move from the countryside into the city and take jobs in manufacturing and public administration. [...] As the Soviet Union began to disintegrate during the late 1980s, ethnic relations in the Fergana Valley deteriorated as well. Kyrgyz and Uzbek communities each formed their own activist political organizations. The Uzbek Adolat ("Justice") movement called for the establishment of an autonomous Fergana Valley region within the Kyrgyz SSR, and even pushed for full integration with Uzbekistan. Other Kyrgyz political groups, meanwhile, called for a takeover of Uzbek agricultural land.
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-04): The Fergana Valley Is an Isolate of Biodiversity: A Discussion of the Endemic Herpetofauna and Description of Two New Species of Alsophylax (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Eastern Uzbekistan [...] Nazarov, R.A.; Abduraupov, T.V.; Shepelya, E.Y.; Gritsina, M.A.; Melnikov, D.A.; Buehler, M.D.; Lapin, J.D.; Poyarkov, N.A.; Grismer, J.L. The Fergana Valley Is an Isolate of Biodiversity: A Discussion of the Endemic Herpetofauna and Description of Two New Species of Alsophylax (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Eastern Uzbekistan. Animals 2023, 13, 2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13152516 Nazarov RA, Abduraupov TV, Shepelya EY, Gritsina MA, Melnikov DA, Buehler MD, Lapin JD, Poyarkov NA, Grismer JL. The Fergana Valley Is an Isolate of Biodiversity: A Discussion of the Endemic Herpetofauna and Description of Two New Species of Alsophylax (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Eastern Uzbekistan. Animals. 2023; 13(15):2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13152516
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-12): Farmers of Fergana region learn innovative methods of growing water-saving, fast-ripening, and high-yielding varieties of cotton [...] To address this, scientists from the Innovation Group on Cotton Production, established under the auspices of our EU-AGRIN project, funded by the European Union, organized a workshop. This workshop was aimed at introducing fast-ripening, water-efficient, and climate-resilient cotton varieties to farmers and cluster workers specializing in cotton cultivation in the Kuva, Altyarik, and Toshlok districts of the Fergana region. [...] The seminar provided farmers and agronomists with comprehensive responses to their inquiries, signalling a promising shift towards more sustainable and efficient cotton cultivation practices in response to pressing water scarcity challenges in Uzbekistan's agricultural sector.
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-01): Conservation of key natural complexes in the Fergana Valley (Republic of Uzbekistan) Fauna and flora of Central Asia is quite old and have many endemic species. Fergana valley is the most densely populated region in Uzbekistan and faces with the further converting nature landscape into arable lands. For example, Akkum sands, located in Karakalpak steppe used to be a habitat for goitered gazelles, saigas, kulans and other animals. Nowadays it has 13 isolated areas. However, the site continues to be unique, in terms of landscape and due to the fauna-floristic composition. Though the presence of 14 restricted range endemics and a number of rare species with the wider range, the territory of the Fergana valley does not have protected areas with high IUCN categories. Protected areas are represented by natural monuments, one of these territories is KBA UZB 014 "Akkum Sands", which includes 2 state natural monuments "Yazyavan Sands" (1820.4 ha) and "Mingbulak" (1000 ha).
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-19): Centrally located at the intersection of trade, economic, and transport corridors, Fergana Valley has the potential to drive economic development in Central Asia. It includes some of the most productive agricultural lands in the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan and has a relatively high level of industrial development compared to other parts of the region. [...] Among the three countries occupying the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan is in the best position to promote regional integration, given its strong economic potential and unique geographic location. Uzbekistan's provinces (Fergana, Namangan, and Andijan) are the largest, most developed parts of Fergana Valley and have strong technological and resource capacity in developing export-oriented regional horticulture value chains. [...] Open market reforms in Uzbekistan are considered as the best-case scenario and a positive policy option to transform Fergana Valley into a more thriving, better integrated, and prosperous area that drives regional growth and integration in Central Asia. Uzbekistan’s provinces in Fergana Valley could serve as a hub of regional horticulture value chain integration that could connect producers and suppliers from the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan with Uzbekistan’s producers and exporters.
Claim: Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan (Fergana Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-15): Fergana valley has in total six enclaves which are divided between the sovereign post-Soviet states of eastern Uzbekistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and northern Tajikistan. It is though a bit unclear how accurate the number is because some territories are small and their locations and the decisions between the states are not very clear. We are fairly certain that the seventh enclave that used to exist, called Barak near Osh, has now been given to Uzbekistan in exchange to some land in the Ala-Buka district in the Northern Fergana valley. [...] Six of the Fergana enclaves are located in Kyrgyzstan’s Batken region. Batken region holds four Uzbekistan’s enclaves with Soh and Shokimardon as the two largest and significant ones. There are also two enclaves of Tajikistan in Kyrgyz Batken region named Vorukh and another very small called Kairragach. Uzbek Fergana Valley also has a small enclave of its own called Sarvak. It is just 14 km long and 500 m wide and belongs to Tajikistan. [...] Fergana Valley borders have always been highly challenged and led to disputes. Because of the the Tian Shan and Pamir mountains in the southern half of Batken region, for easy land travel to Tajikistan, particularly to the major city of Khujand.
Claim: Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan (Isfara Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-03): Isfara (Tajik: Исфара Persian: اسفره; Russian: Исфара) is a city in Sughd Region in northern Tajikistan, situated on the border with Kyrgyzstan. The city was the seat of the former Isfara District. There are currently territorial disputes between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan over the area of Isfara Valley.[3] [...] Geography [edit]Isfara is situated near the border junction of three independent states Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, at a height of 863m above sea level. The river Isfara flows through the city. Its territory is 832 km2.
Claim: Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan (Isfara Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-29): Appearance (Redirected from Isfara district) Isfara District or Nohiya-i Isfara (Tajik: Ноҳияи Исфара) is a former district at the northeastern edge of Sughd Region, Tajikistan, bordering on Uzbekistan's Ferghana Valley to the north and Kyrgyzstan to the south.[1] Its capital was Isfara. Vorukh, an enclave surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, is also part of Isfara. Around 2018, it was merged into the city of Isfara. [...] External links [edit]- "Esfara", Habib Borjian in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Columbia University (enter keyword "Esfara" in search field to access the article).
Claim: Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan (Isfara Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-11): The Isfara is a river of the Syr Darya basin in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.[2] In its upper course, it is called Ak-Suu, in its middle course Karavshin.[1] It rises in the Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is fed by the glaciers on the northern flank of the Turkestan Range. It initially flows in a western arc around a foothill chain. It then maintains its course in a northerly direction. It flows through the Tajik exclave of Vorukh. It later crosses the border into the Sughd Region of Tajikistan. There, it flows through the city of the same name in the southwest of the Ferghana Valley. 30 km (19 mi) further north, the river reaches the border with Uzbekistan at Rabot. The Isfara formed an alluvial cone north of Rabot. Today, the incoming river water is directed to the Great Fergana Canal to the northeast. The Isfara has a length of 130 km (81 mi). It drains an area of 3240 km2.[1] The river is mainly fed by meltwater from the glaciers and snowmelt.[1] 60% of the annual runoff occurs in the summer months from July to September.[1] Some of the river water is diverted for irrigation purposes.[1]
Claim: Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan (Isfara Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-09): ISFARA, Tajikistan -- Tajik President Emomali Rahmon has assured residents of the country’s volatile Vorukh exclave within Kyrgyzstan that it will not be part of any land swap between the neighboring countries as they seek a solution to halt border disputes that frequently turn violent. [...] On March 26, the chief of Kyrgyzstan's State Committee for National Security, Kamchybek Tashiev, said that Bishkek is ready to give 12,000 hectares of land from Kyrgyzstan's southern region of Batken to Tajikistan in exchange for the territory of Vorukh. [...] Vorukh is one such exclave, where in July 2019 Tajik officials said one Tajik man was killed and seven more wounded after Kyrgyz villagers used hunting guns in clashes that erupted over a move by Tajik residents to install Tajik national flags on the Isfara-Vorukh road near the exclave.
Claim: Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan (Isfara Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-01): Isfara also produces a lot of apricot wood, popular for musical instruments, walking sticks, combs, tea house roofs and mosque doors. [...] Many towns in the Uzbek part of the Ferghana Valley have kept their Soviet heritage in good repair. Isfara on the Tajik side is one of the best we have seen. The concrete is bright here. Some parts really look like 1975 never went. [...] Despite a railway station and an airport, there are no trains or flights to Isfara. Make your way to the bazaar and negotiate your way out of town, either to Khujand (2 hr, 13 somoni), or to Batken and Osh (border crossing details).
Claim: Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan (Isfara Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-01): Isfara is located in Northern Tajikistan, in the Sughd region, next to the border with Kyrgyzstan. It belongs to the territorial dispute area between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan along the Isfara Valley and is also not far from the Uzbek border either. East from The town is between bigger cities like Khujand in Tajikistan, Kokand in Uzbekistan and Batken in Kyrgyzstan. South from Isfara you can also find the Vorukh enclave, a piece of Tajik land inside Kyrgyzstan that has been also the place of local clashes in 2019 and 2021. Apparently Tajiks were trying to establish a connection from Isfara to Vorukh but the situation in the area remains unclear. It is the perfect place to stop for a coffee or eating in one of the tea houses by the riverside if you are heading to Tajikistan from Kyrgyzstan or vice versa (if the border is open). This is actually the reason of arrival for the majority of travelers reaching Isfara, they are on their way between Osh and Khujand as the road from Isfara continues east to Batken and then to Osh. This all said, the Isfara area has a lot to offer for someone who has time to explore the region. [...] Set in the southern middle part of the remarkably fertile Fergana Valley, a diverse range of trade industries is found in Isfara from construction to agriculture. But what Isfara is especially known for, are its legendary apricots. Otherwise the town is full of well preserved Soviet architecture from 1960 – 1980s with parks and mosaics.
Claim: Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan (Isfara Valley, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-09): Isfara is one of the most prosperous and beautiful cities of the Ferghana Valley of Tajikistan, in the basin of the colorful mountain ranges of Turkestan. A historic Silk Road city, it is now a hidden gem in the far northeast of Tajikistan. [...] With the Russian Revolution in 1917, Isfara found itself in the Soviet Union. Originally, it (along with the rest of Tajikistan) was part of the Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR), but in the 1930s the Tajikistan ASSR was upgraded to a full SSR. During the Soviet Union, the borders between the SSRs didn't impact life on the ground, so Isfara prospered being at the tripoint between the Tajik, Uzbek, and Kyrgyz SSRs. But when the Soviet Union dissolved in the 1990s, Isfara suddenly found itself isolated on two sides. [...] Stay safe [edit]There are territorial disputes between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan over the Isfara Valley. The city suffered from border clashes in September 2022. While the dangers from open warfare are practically zero, avoid going near the Kyrgyz-Tajik border out of precaution.