copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially, often called China (Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; literally "Central State"), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third or fourth largest country by total area.[16] Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-06-21): The Roadmap to Ryukyu (Liu Qiu Guo Hai Tu) in the Shi Liu Qiu Lu written by imperial title-conferring envoy Xiao Chongye in 1579 (the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty), the Record of the Interpreters of August Ming (Huang Ming Xiang Xu Lu) written by Mao Ruizheng in 1629 (the second year of the reign of Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty), the Great Universal Geographic Map (Kun Yu Quan Tu) created in 1767 (the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty), and the Atlas of the Great Qing Dynasty (Huang Chao Zhong Wai Yi Tong Yu Tu) published in 1863 (the second year of the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty) all marked Diaoyu Dao as China’s territory.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): People's Republic of China [edit]The government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) opposes treating the Republic of China (ROC) as a legitimate state and portrays Taiwan as a rogue province of the PRC.[6] The People's Republic of China government has consistently opposed "two Chinas", instead espousing that all of "China" is under one single, indivisible sovereignty under its "One China Principle", explicitly including Taiwan. Under this principle, while the PRC has no de facto control over territory administered by the ROC, the PRC nevertheless claims that the territories controlled by both the PRC and ROC are part of the same, indivisible sovereign entity "China".[7][8]
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): The exploiting classes as such have been eliminated in our country. However, class struggle will continue to exist within certain limits for a long time to come. The Chinese people must fight against those forces and elements, both at home and abroad, that are hostile to China's socialist system and try to undermine it. Taiwan is part of the sacred territory of the People's Republic of China. It is the lofty duty of the entire Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great task of reunifying the motherland. In building socialism it is imperative to rely on the workers, peasants and intellectuals and unite with all the forces that can be united. In the long years of revolution and construction, there has been formed under the leadership of the Communist Party of China a broad patriotic united front that is composed of democratic parties and people's organizations and embraces all socialist working people, all patriots who support socialism and all patriots who stand for reunification of the motherland. This united front will continue to be consolidated and developed. [...] The People's Republic of China protects the lawful rights and interests of foreigners within Chinese territory, and while on Chinese territory foreigners must abide by the law of the People's Republic of China. The People's Republic of China may grant asylum to foreigners who request it for political reasons.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-30): Kaurik (Chinese: 曲惹) and (Hindi: कौरिक) is a village in the Lahul and Spiti district, in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is in the valley of the Parang or Pare Chu river before its confluence with the Spiti River. Kaurik is close to the border with Tibet, the opposite village on the Tibetan side being Tsurup Sumgyi (or Tsosib Sumkyil).[1][a] China claims the village as part of its Zanda County, Tibet. In 1975, landslides during an earthquake completely destroyed the village situated in Kaurik,[2][3] Largest number of survivors of Kaurik village now reside in Hoorling village in this area. The ruins of Kaurik are in a restricted area under Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) control.[citation needed] Kaurik is connected to the rest of India through the Kaurik–Sumdo Road, and from Sumdo, through two national highways—the NH 5 Sumdo-Nako-Shimla Highway through Kinnaur district and the NH 505 Sumdo-Kaza-Gramphu-Manali highway through the Spiti River valley. The latter remains closed for 7 months due to winter snows on the Kunzum Pass (4,551 m or 14,931 ft).[4] A dual-use airstrip, 100 km to the west, is under construction, scheduled to be completed in 2024.[5]
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-11): In June last year, Malaysia summoned China’s ambassador after 16 military aircraft flew over disputed waters off its eastern state of Sarawak. Malaysia’s foreign ministry said at the time that the manoeuvre was a "serious threat to national sovereignty". [...] In 1950, China enforced a long-held claim on the Himalayan country and incorporated it with its own territory. Following an unsuccessful uprising in 1959, Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, fled to India, where he set up a government in exile.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-17): The territory of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has frequently been revised since its formation on 1 October 1949. [...] 2000–2009 [edit]- 14 October 2004 – 2 June 2005, a treaty establishing the eastern border between China and Russia was signed by China and Russia. It's said China "regained 337 km2" territory. See Russian article: Демаркация российско-китайской границы (2005); Chinese article: 中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于中俄国界东段的补充协定. [...] See also [edit]- Land reclamations of the People's Republic of China - Borders of China - Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-07): With snow melting in the high-altitude areas, China’s People Liberation Army has begun constructing a post along the Indian border in the sensitive Kaurik sector of Himachal Pradesh’s tribal Lahaul and Spiti district. [...] Five battalions of the ITBP guard the border with China in the state. In all, there are 20 ITBP posts along the border and Kaurik is a sensitive one being the last village beyond Sumdoh. [...] China stepped up activity in the region after air incursions in Kaurik sector in April last year. Chinese helicopters violated Indian airspace twice in April 2020.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): The People's Republic of China (PRC) (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國) is a one-party state in East Asia governed by the Communist Party of China (CPC). It was founded on 1 October 1949. It currently has more than 1.4 billion people (as of 2017).[3] It covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): People's Republic of China's position [edit]The Depsang Plains are located on the border of the Indian union territory of Ladakh and the disputed zone of Aksai Chin. The Chinese Army controls most of the plains,[4] while India controls the western portion of the plains.[5] The dispute remains unresolved.[6] [...] Within the geostrategic context of disputes between India and China, the disputes over Doklam and the Ten Degree Channel and South China Sea shipping lane are also relevant. Doklam is a dispute between Bhutan and China near the India-Bhutan-China tri-junction. India has sided with Bhutan in the dispute.[20][21] The area is of strategic importance to all three countries.[22] Doklam lies close to India's Siliguri "Chickenneck" Corridor where a Chinese military advance of less than 130 kilometres (81 mi) would cut off Bhutan, part of West Bengal and all of Northeast India, an area containing almost 50 million people. This scenario arose during the war between India and China in 1962.[23][18] India has embarked on a slew of Northeastern India connectivity projects to create multiple alternatives to the Silliguri corridor, including through Bangladesh, National Waterways and seaports, to mitigate the risk of being cut off.[citation needed] [...] - ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (20 May 2020). "Nepal's new political map claims India's territories". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-04): Table 3: Type of Incidents were aerial incidents. While three aerial incidents were reported in the Western Sector, no aerial incidents were found in the Eastern Sector. The highest number of aerial incidents occurred in the period 2012- 2014, and all three of them were in the Middle Sector, over the state of Himachal Pradesh. Chinese helicopters were reported to have entered Indian airspace near Kaurik and Lapcha areas in the tribal districts of Kinnaur and Lahaul Spiti on 16 March and 19 March. Nothing is known about the third incident except its mention by Indo-Tibetan Border Police Inspector General, M.S. Bhurji as reported by TH.21 [...] Despite the agreements reached in consecutive years, the 2014 face- off in Chumar indicates the vulnerability of the CBMs in the absence of a clear roadmap for resolution of the border question. In the period that followed the signing of the 2005 agreement, China, at least on a couple of occasions, contravened certain key articles in it. The former Chinese Ambassador to India, Sun Yuxi’s assertion in 2006 that the whole of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory was one such instance.42 His comments were in conflict with Article VII of the 2005 Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India-China Boundary Question which agrees in principle, that interests of settled populations on both the sides would be kept in mind while finding a solution to the border conflict.43 [...] 42. "Entire Arunachal Pradesh is our territory: China," The Indian Express, November 14, 2006 and The Hindu, "China seeks to downplay envoy's comments," November 15, 2006.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The Pare Chu begins north of the Parang La (5580 m), the main pass linking Spiti to Ladakh. It flows in a northeastern direction before entering Ladakh and turning south. The Pare Chu then crosses into the Tibetan territory known as Chumurti (Chu-mur-ti), in the township of Chusum (Chu-gsum), Tsamda (rTsa-mda’) county (Tibetan Autonomous Region). According to a Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) administrative map produced in the Tibetan language, entitled Bod rang skyong ljongs srid ’dzin sa khul gyi sa bkra, the stretch of the Pare Chu in Tibet is called Rubshok Tsangpo (Rub-shog gtsang-po). Bending again, this time to the west, the Pare Chu reenters India at Kaurik (Khyu-rigs) and joins with the Spiti river at Sumdo (Sum-mdo). A sliver of territory in southeastern Spiti under Indian jurisdiction is still officially contested by People’s Republic of China (PRC). The disputed area includes Kaurik, Sumdo and the Gyu (rGyu) valley. Fortunately, both India and the PRC have stated that they are committed to a peaceful settlement of all outstanding border issues. Residents of Kaurik were resettled in Hurling and other places after the 1962 war with China. [...] 2013, January. "High on the khyung". [...] Balikci, Anna. 2008. Lamas, Shamans and Ancestors: Village Religion in Sikkim. Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library, vol. 17. Leiden: Brill.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-27): This is the place in the Shyok River valley where the road from Leh to DBO passes and is dominated from some of the nearby heights. 20 Indian soldiers were martyred in the clash. China remained tight lipped on its casualties for several months. International media reports confirmed between 80 to 100 Chinees soldiers dead in the clash. During negotiation between military commanders of two nations a buffer zone has been created; the Indian troops do not have access to PP14. Meanwhile India commenced work on an alternate route to DBO through Nubra Valley.[22][23] [...] [20]Ibid 18 [21]https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56147309 [22]https://theprint.in/opinion/if-india-loses-grip-on-kailash-range-pla-will-make-sure-we-never-get-it-back/542327/
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-07-26): Pradesh/Tibetan border in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh, India. At 6,816 m Reo Purgyil is the most elevated mountain crest in the territory of Himachal Pradesh. [...] Kaurik used to be a village bang on the border with Tibet! Kaurik is still used on milestones along NH 22. It can be easily located on Google Maps. Kaurik is a mysterious place which was deserted some 25-28 years back in earthquake/flash floods and now you can find ruins of the place if you are ready to hike a bit once the road ends after about 19 km. Hoorling village has the largest number of survivors from Kaurik village. Beyond Kaurik, there is a village called Lepcha which requires you to further hike for about an hour or so. Lepcha is the last place in India you can reach and ahead lies Tibet beyond the Indo-Tibet Border. Anyhow, Kaurik falls under a restricted area as far as I know and permits are hard to find for Kaurik. The entire area is under ITBP control.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-10-27): File:SINO-INDIAN BORDER DEFENSES CHUSHUL AREA CIA-RDP89B00569R000200120051-4.pdf On 20 October 1975, 4 Indian soldiers were killed at Tulung La in Arunachal Pradesh.[44][45] According to the official statement by the Indian government, a patrol of the Assam Rifles comprising a non-commissioned officer (NCO) and four other soldiers was ambushed by about 40 Chinese soldiers while in an area well within Indian territory, and which had been regularly patrolled for years without incident. Four members of the patrol unit were initially listed as missing before confirmation via diplomatic channels they had been killed by the Chinese troops; their bodies were later returned. The Indian government registered a strong protest with the Chinese.[46] In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory[47] amidst a military buildup.[48] At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim.[35] In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border.[49] In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a "One India" policy to resolve the border dispute.[50][51] [...] - Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China - China containment policy - Chinese salami slicing strategy - India-China Border Roads - List of disputed territories of China - List of disputed territories of India - List of territorial disputes - McMahon Line - Sino-Indian relations - Sino-Indian War
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-01): The border with China runs 3488 km. It can be divided into three sectors: Western Sector: This includes the border between Jammu and Kashmir and Xinjiang and Tibet. India claims that China is occupying 43,000 sq km in this sector, including 5180 sq km illegally ceded to it by Pakistan. Central Sector: This includes borders shared by Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand with Tibet. Shipki La and Kaurik areas in HP and areas around Pulam, Thag La, Barahoti, Kungri Bingri La, Lapthal and Sangha are disputed. Eastern Sector: China disputes India's sovereignty over 90,000 sq km, mostly in Arunachal Pradesh. Tawang, Bum La, Asaphi La and Lo La are among the sensitive points in this sector. Strategically vital Tawang holds the key to the defence of the entire sub-Himalayan space in this sector.Jawaharlal Nehru with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-02-18): Demchok 500 km2, Chumar, Kaurik, Shipki La, Nelang and Laptha. All of these are controlled by India i.e. Kaurik & Shipki La (in Himachal Pradesh), Nelang Valley with areas Leptha, Pulam Sumda and Sang etc.(in Uttarakhand) are areas claimed by China as a part of the Ngari Prefecture of the Zanda County of Tibet, except the Demchok parcel which is 70% with China and 30% with India which is called New Demchok. However China claims all of it. There is another area called Barahoti section area whose grazing fields are named disputed by China, which is also in the state of Uttarakhand and is controlled by India. The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: 喀喇昆仑走廊; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng) is an area of nearly 5,800 km2/ 5180 km2 (2,239 sq mi) along both sides of the Shaksgam River, is entirely administered by the People's Republic of China as a part of Kargilik County and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but was claimed by Pakistan until 1963. It is still claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan gave up its claim to the tract under a border agreement with China in 1963 with the proviso that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the Kashmir dispute.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-23): 24. China is now claiming that the Trans-Korakoram Tract & its Shaksgam Valley that were ceded by Pakistan in 1963 is now an integral part of Xinjiang, has MEA from Infia has registered protest and highlight this as constituting a gross violation of UNSC resolution no.47 that concerns the undivided status of the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir. [...] ROHIT - July 25, 2020 at 4:47 PM - - [...] In addition, the first problems between China & India arose due to the former’s refusal in 1955 to honour the trading agreements that it had inked with India in 1954 under the Panchsheel Agreement. The Bhutia traders based in Ladakh & today’s Himachal Pradesh & Uttarakhand were particularly targetted by Beijing. That was ther first ever treaty violation committed by China against India & I will upload more data on it soon. From September 1955 onwards, there were a succession of PLA military intrusions: the first ever at Barahoti, followed by Hipki La in Himachal Pradesh, Kaurik and Hipang Khud. These were the first territorial intrusions committed by China. In each case, China insisted the PLA was on its own territory. Khurnak Fort, in Ladakh, was occupied—and used as a base to supply outposts in Sanggur and Digra. In the summer of 1958, Deputy Superintendent of Police Karam Singh and IA Lt Ram ‘Tiny’ Iyengar headed out into the Aksai Chin, to determine just where the highway ran.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): - the western sector between Ladakh on the Indian side and the Tibet and Xinjiang autonomous regions on the Chinese side. This sector was the location of the 2020 China–India skirmishes. [...] - the eastern sector between Zangnan (South Tibet)/Arunachal Pradesh on the Indian side and the Tibet autonomous region on the Chinese side. This sector generally follows the McMahon Line.[a] [...] - PP15 — on the watershed between Kugrang and Galwan basins (called Jianan Pass by China).[64]
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-20): The People’s Republic of China has allegedly infringed on foreign territory and established a permanent residence two kilometers within Bhutan’s boundary, which is also remarkably close to Doklam, where Indian and Chinese troops had a bitter face-off in 2017, reported NDTV. [...] Som, who wrote that pictures in the now deleted tweet are a "clear evidence of a CHINESE LANDGRAB WITHIN BHUTANESE TERRITORY," also posted pictures of the map in order to show where exactly the Chinese settlement had come up. [...] In addition, the report mentioned unnamed military commanders and national security experts, who expressed concern over the building of road by China near Churup village, across the Kaurik pass in central sector.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-08): In Himachal Pradesh , the disputed areas are - Kaurik - Shipki La, an ancient trade route. [...] It started in the Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO) which is claimed by both sides. As a part of confidence-building measures (CBMs), both the Indian Army and the PLA had no permanent camps in the area. [...] Doklam is plateau land in Bhutan and extremely strategic to both countries. It protects the vulnerable Siliguri Corridor (also called Chicken’s Neck), the only connection of Indian mainland to the northeast.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-27): [6] Ibid. There is some disagreement regarding the extent of Chinese claims in the eastern sector. For a full discussion of these discrepancies, see Shyam Saran, How India Sees the World: Kautilya to the 21st Century (New Delhi: Juggernaut, 2017), 124; and Jeff M. Smith, Cold Peace: China-India Rivalry in the Twenty-First Century (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014), 26-28, Kindle. [...] [44] Shirk, "One-Sided Rivalry," in The India-China Relationship, 81. [...] [56] Among the "pockets of dispute" in 1995 were Demchok and Trig Heights (western sector); Barahoti (middle sector); and Asaphila, Chantze, Longju, Namka Chu, and Sumdorong Chu (western sector). See Sawhney and Wahab, Dragon on Our Doorstep, 45. Locales that have been added to the list of disputed areas include Chumar, Depsang Bulge, Dumchele, Kongka La, Mount Sajun, Pangong Tso, and Spanggur Gap (western sector); Kaurik, Pulan Sunda, and Shipki La (middle sector); and Dichu and Yangste (eastern sector). See Joshi, "The Wuhan Summit and the India-China Border Dispute," 3.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-22): Let us remember the basics to determine a border, as explained in the Report of the Officials of India and China in 1960/61; the Indian Report says: "In the Middle Sector both sides had referred to the watershed boundary and were clear as to where the watershed lay. In fact, the two alignments coincided for the most part along the main watershed. The Chinese alignment departed from it only at Gyuand Kauirik, Shipki, Nilang-Jadhang, Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla. All these departures from the watershed were also the points of divergence from the Indian alignment, and were, curiously enough, to the south and west, so as to include Indian territory in Tibet, and in no case the other way round. These isolated and small departures always in one direction were difficult to comprehend and emphasized that the correct traditional boundary lay along the watershed itself."