copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-27): After the 1978 treaty, tension sparked again in 1992 as the Chinese government explicitly included the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands as a part of "the territorial sea of the People’s Republic of China", prompting Japanese objection.[12] More recently in 2010, a collision incident between a Japanese Coast Guard ship and a Chinese civilian fishing ship in the disputed waters and the subsequent Japanese arrest of the Chinese civilian resulted in an increase in anti-Japanese sentiment in China.[13] Diplomatically, China canceled scheduled ministerial meetings with Japan.[14]However, possibly the most controversial incident was the Japanese nationalization of the islands. In an effort to thwart the conservative Tokyo Governor’s plan to purchase and develop the islands, the Japanese national government made the purchase instead in order to leave the islands undeveloped.[15] Ironically, the decision that was intended to minimize diplomatic repercussions prompted the Chinese government to publish "Diaoyu Dao, an Inherent Territory of China", a white paper delineating the Chinese official position on the territorial dispute.[16] [...] [17] ""Diaoyu Dao, An Inherent Territory of China" White Paper"; "Senkaku Islands Q&A". [...] [39] ""Diaoyu Dao, An Inherent Territory of China" White Paper"; "Senkaku Islands Q&A".
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-19): The long-standing but subdued territorial disputes over a group of uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, known as Diaoyu in China, Diaoyutai in Taiwan, and Senkaku in Japan, reignited in September 2012 when the Japanese government "nationalized" the islands in a purported "purchase" to preempt the controversial purchase proposed by the then-governor of Tokyo, Shintaro Ishihara. While most analysts focus their attention on the rising tensions between China and Japan and the implications for the United States, Taiwan (officially Republic of China, or ROC) is also a claimant and somehow managed to make its presence known through a delicate legal and diplomatic strategy. [...] However, when Japan returned Taiwan to the ROC both sides adopted the 1945 administrative arrangement of Taiwan, with the Chinese unaware that the uninhabited Senkaku Islands were, in fact, the former Diaoyu Islands. Hanyi Shaw opines this explains the belated protest from Taipei and Beijing over US administration of the islands after the war. He points out that "per post-WWII arrangements, Japan was required to surrender territories obtained from aggression and revert them to their pre-1895 status." Since the Qing period (1644–1911) records substantiate Chinese ownership of the Diaoyu/ Senkaku Islands before 1895, Diaoyu Islands should be reverted to China.6
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-04-01): Second, Davis wrote, "Chinese fishermen used these islands as shelter and navigational aids back to the Ming Dynasty." He failed to mention the fact that fishermen of the Ryukyu (Okinawa) Kingdom also used the islands for the same purpose. He also failed to mention the fact that the Japanese government had surveyed and declared Senkaku Islands as its territory by cabinet decision in January 1895. Similarly, he failed to recognize that a Japanese dried bonito factory was established on the islands and that many Japanese had lived and worked there during World War II. He also omitted the very important point that China never claimed the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands after 1895 until 1971, when the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East announced the possibility of oil below the seabed in the area.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-11-26): The People’s Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of National Defense (MND) announced the creation of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) on Saturday, November 23. The MND also announced Aircraft Identification Rules for the ADIZ, which include a warning that "defensive emergency measures" would be adopted to respond to aircraft that refuse to follow the instructions. The zone overlaps the existing ADIZ of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. China’s ADIZ covers the disputed Senkaku/Diaoyu Islets claimed by China, Japan, and Taiwan. One day following the announcement, China conducted two aerial patrols over the area involving Tu-154 and Y-8 aircraft, prompting the Japan Air Self-Defense Force to send two F-15 fighter jets to intercept them. The announcement elicited immediate responses from Japan, the United States, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Australia, and Taiwan.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-01): Based on their own arguments, China and Japan have accepted that the territorial status of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands at the end of the war would determine whether these reverted to China’s historic title or remained in Japan’s possession. To recall, the premise of China’s claim is that the islands belong to the third category of stolen territory, and so reverted to its possession because of historic title,74 whereas for Japan, they belong to the second category of territory which the Allied powers decided to maintain under Japanese sovereignty.75 The status quo of the islands after the war is decisive.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-12): The "White Paper" states that Diaoyu Dao was first discovered, named, and used by China, and therefore that the Senkaku Islands are Chinese sovereign territory. Namely, the paper lists the 1403 Shunfeng Xiangsong as the earliest historical text to carry names including Diaoyu Dao (Uotsuri Island) and Chiwei Yu (Taisho Island), claiming this as evidence that China had discovered and named Diaoyu Dao in the fourteenth or fifteenth century.16 This text does indeed include such terms as Diaoyu Yu and Chikan Yu, older names for those islands, but from the perspective of international law this cannot be taken as evidence of China's having discovered or named them.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-14): 1. Diaoyu Islands have been China's inherent territory since ancient times. [...] China has forcefully stated its firm opposition to these Japanese infringements. Diplomatically, the Chinese government has made stern representations with the Japanese government and has taken strong countermeasures. Under pressure, the Japanese government made clear that it would "not support, encourage or acknowledge" the actions of right-wingers on Diaoyu Islands, promised to restrain them and prohibit them from landing on the islands. Legally, China has taken a number of measures to reaffirm its sovereignty over Diaoyu Islands. In February 1992, China issued the Law of the People's Repulic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, which reiterates China's territorial sovereignty over Diaoyu Islands in the form of legislation. On May 15, 2008, China sent a note to the Secretary-General of United Nations in opposition to Japan's depositing with the United Nations of a chart which marks its "territorial waters" around Diaoyu Islands. On March 3, 2012, China released standard names and descriptions of Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands. On September 10, 2012, China released territorial baselines of Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-13): Across much of the Indo-Pacific region, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is using military and economic coercionâ¯to bully its neighbors, advance unlawful maritime claims, threaten maritime shipping lanes, and destabilize territory along the periphery of the Peopleâs Republic of China (PRC).Â This predatory conduct increases the risk of miscalculation and conflict. The United States stands with its Southeast Asian allies and partners to champion a free and open Indo-Pacific. [...] In the East China Sea, the PRC strategically deploys its coast guard, military, and control of the worldâs largest commercial fishing fleet to intimidate and challenge its neighbors.Â For example, for more than a decade, the PRC has operated ships and planes near the Senkaku Islandsâa group of uninhabited islands that reverted to Japanâs administration in 1971 under the Okinawa Reversion Agreement.Â In 2016, hundreds of PRC fishing vessels swarmed the waters of theâ¯Senkakusâ¯in a move calculated by the CCP toâ¯undermine Japanâs administration. The United States strongly opposes such attempts to alter the status quo in the East China Sea and has long been clear that the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty applies to the Senkaku Islands by virtue of Japanâs administration of the islands.Â Decisions like the PRCâs 2013 declaration of an âEast China Sea Air Defense Identification Zoneâ are equally brazen attempts to change the status quo in the East China Sea and makeâ¯clear the PRC has no interest in playing a positive role in theâ¯region.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-25): PRC State Council, "Diaoyu Dao 钓鱼岛, an Inherent Territory of China," September 25, 2012 [...] Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands are an inseparable part of the Chinese territory. Diaoyu Dao is China's inherent territory in all historical, geographical and legal terms, and China enjoys indisputable sovereignty over Diaoyu Dao. [...] Over the years, the issue of Diaoyu Dao has attracted attention from Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese. Diaoyu Dao has been an inherent territory of China since ancient times. This is the common position of the entire Chinese nation. The Chinese nation has the strong resolve to uphold state sovereignty and territorial integrity. The compatriots across the Taiwan Straits stand firmly together on matters of principle to the nation and in the efforts to uphold national interests and dignity. The compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and the overseas Chinese have all carried out various forms of activities to safeguard China's territorial sovereignty over Diaoyu Dao, strongly expressing the just position of the Chinese nation, and displaying to the rest of the world that the peace-loving Chinese nation has the determination and the will to uphold China's state sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-01): A potential conflict in the Taiwan Strait also has implications for the territorial dispute between China and Japan in the East China Sea. The PRC views the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands as a part of "Taiwan province" and may seek to take the islands during a conflict. If the PLA Navy were to occupy Taiwan, the Council on Foreign Relations’ David Sacks argues that Japan would struggle to defend its westernmost islands, as well as the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, and even Okinawa. During its August 2022 military exercise aimed at Taiwan, China launched ballistic missiles over Taiwan that landed in Japan’s exclusive economic zone, in an attempt to warn Japan not to get involved during a Taiwan conflict. The late Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzo stated that Japan and the United States could not stand by if China invaded Taiwan. Current Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio has pledged to double Japan’s defense spending in response to the tense security climate. Taiwan’s and Japan’s islands form a crucial link in the so-called first island chain; if China were to take these islands, it would constrain U.S. naval movements and its ability to contain China in potential future conflicts.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-22): The People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) coercive behavior around the Japan-administered Senkaku Islands continued recently when the Chinese coast guard confronted a Japanese research vessel surveying the uninhabited East China Sea archipelago. [...] In May, the Japan Coast Guard also said four PRC ships, including one believed to be armed with an automatic cannon, patrolled Japan’s territorial waters around the islands for about two hours. [...] Chinese coast guard vessels have been a near-constant presence around the Senkakus for several years. The Japan Coast Guard said PRC vessels entered the islands’ contiguous zone — which extends from 22 to 44 kilometers off the coast — nearly every day in 2023, The Diplomat magazine reported. Overall, the Japan Coast Guard sighted about 1,300 PRC vessels in 2023, the highest figure since records began 15 years ago. On 42 occasions, Chinese coast guard ships intruded into Japan’s territorial waters by coming within 22 kilometers of the coast.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): The Senkaku Islands,[a] also known as the Pinnacle Islands or the Diaoyu Islands[b] in China and as the Tiaoyutai Islands[c] in Taiwan, are a group of uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, administered by Japan. [...] On 22 June 2020, the Ishigaki City Council voted to change the name of the area containing the Senkaku Islands from "Tonoshiro" to "Tonoshiro Senkaku".[122] Republic of China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded that the islands belong to Republic of China, and any moves to deny this fact are invalid.[123] The Taiwanese government and the opposition KMT party also condemned the council's move, saying the Islands are ROC territory and the nation would not give up even "an inch" of its sovereignty.[124]
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-08): Now Beijing may be slowly peeling back the onion in another disputed island chain, the rocky, uninhabited Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea, administered by Japan and known as the Diaoyus in China. [...] The country’s Foreign Ministry maintains the islands are China’s inherent territory, and has accused Japanese fishing boats of making "repeated intrusions" into the area. [...] Some may argue that the Senkakus has one layer of protection China may not be able to peel back – the US-Japan Security Treaty, which requires Washington to defend Japanese territory.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-25): Explainer | Diaoyu/Senkaku islands dispute - The island chain, claimed by China, Taiwan and Japan, is made up of five islets and three barren rocks covering an area of 7 square kilometres [...] Japan annexed the archipelago following China’s defeat in the first Sino-Japanese war from 1894 to 1895. Yet the islands were left out of the Treaty of San Francisco at the end of the second world war that returned to China most of the territories previously occupied by Japan. [...] Two years earlier, a report highlighting the potential for oil reserves in the area prompted China to reassert its territorial claims over the islands. Japan does not recognise China’s claims nor the existence of a dispute over the islands’ sovereignty.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-09-07): The Chinese stance over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands is comparable with the situation in the 1930s when Nationalist China refused to accept or acknowledge Japan’s control over Manchuria (Manchukuo in Japanese) despite widespread concern that militarily China would not be able to withstand Japanese aggression. By refusing to recognise Japanese control over the lost territories China sought to destabilise the foreign presence there even though the Chinese Nationalist government then based in Nanjing was unable to exert physical control. At the same time the government’s defiance of Japan helped to consolidate its claim to be China’s sole and legitimate rulers. China’s insistence on its sovereignty over Manchuria during the 1930s and over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands now is overwhelmingly more important in driving its foreign policy than the stress on physical control that is common to the West. The tussle between the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan is another such example. Despite Taiwan’s physical separation from the mainland, it would be unthinkable for any Beijing government to consider it culturally or politically separate. Any attempt by Taiwan to declare formal independence is likely to end in armed conflict.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-16): China, Taiwan and Japan claim these islands as their territory. Japan calls the uninhabited rocks the Senkaku Islands, the Chinese – the Diaoyu Islands. Japan controls the islands, but China’s craft are intruding into their territorial waters and airspace with increasing frequency. [...] The Senkaku (in Chinese, Diaoyu) Islands are contested between Japan, the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Historically, China has a strong claim. [...] - After the World War II capitulation of Japan in 1945, Taiwan returned to the Chinese Republic of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. The United States occupied Japan until its sovereignty was restored in 1953, under the Treaty of San Francisco - However, Okinawa and the Senkaku Islands remained under American administration until 1972, when they were returned to Japan - The United States held on to two island chains, Iwo Jima and Okinawa, on which it established significant military bases. In 1972, most of Okinawa was returned to Japanese sovereignty and the Senkaku Islands were handed over to the Japanese - The Chinese have never accepted this state of affairs. The matter is of particular sensitivity to Beijing, as China had suffered massive war damages and humiliations under Japanese occupation - Notably, nationalist circles in mainland China hold that the entire archipelago of Okinawa should be part of China, as in former times, when the islands were known as the Ryukyu Kingdom and the local rulers paid obeisance to the emperor in Beijing as early as in the 14th century
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-03): There is no doubt that the Senkaku Islands are clearly an inherent part of the territory of Japan, in light of historical facts and based upon international law. Indeed, the Senkaku Islands are under the valid control of Japan. [...] Understanding the Senkaku Islands through the Materials on the Senkaku Islands Archives Portal （Jun Tsuruta） （ Published on April 22, 2022 ） [...] - Commentary Video The Story of the Senkaku Islands’ Territorial Incorporation
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-21): In the fall of 1968, the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) noted the possible presence of immense deposits of oil and gas under the waters surrounding the islands. Subsequently, starting with a statement by the Chinese Foreign Ministry on December 30, 1971, Beijing began officially claiming the islands as Chinese territory. In February 1992, China passed the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, with Article 2(2) defining the Senkaku Islands as "Chinese territory." Later, in September 2012, it set up a baseline that surrounds the Senkaku Islands. China not only claims territorial rights over the Senkaku Islands themselves, but in recent years has also become increasingly aggressive in the waters that surround them. China Coast Guard (CCG) vessels have routinely made incursions into the territorial waters around the islands, navigated through the contiguous zone, and approached or pursued Japanese fishing boats. In 2021, CCG vessels navigated through Japan’s contiguous zone a total of 332 days. That was second only to 2020, when a new annual record of 333 days was set. Moreover, CCG vessels approached or pursued Japanese fishing boats in the waters surrounding Senkaku Islands on 18 occasions in 2021, double the frequency of 2020.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): The Senkaku Islands dispute, or Diaoyu Islands dispute, is a territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands known as the Senkaku Islands in Japan, the Diaoyu Islands in China,[1] and Tiaoyutai Islands in Taiwan.[2] Aside from a 1945 to 1972 period of administration by the United States as part of the Ryukyu Islands, the archipelago has been controlled by Japan since 1895.[3] The territory is close to key shipping lanes and rich fishing grounds, and there may be oil reserves in the area.[4] [...] The Senkaku Islands are located in the East China Sea between Japan, China, and Taiwan. The archipelago contains five uninhabited islands and three barren rocks, ranging in size from 800 m2 to 4.32 km2.[citation needed] [...] During a private visit 9 years after stepping down from office, former President of Republic of China, Lee Teng-hui, once said that the islands are part of Okinawa.[72] During the 2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations, on 13 September 2012, Lee remarked, "The Senkaku Islands, no matter whether in the past, for now or in the future, certainly belong to Japan."[73][74] In 2002, he also stated, "The Senkaku Islands are the territory of Japan."[75]
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-23): These islands lie on the key sea lines of communication in the ECS, but only became part of an intense Sino-Japanese maritime conflict in the late 1960s after surveys by the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East announced that there may be massive oil and hydrocarbon reserves off the Senkaku Islands (Chansoria 2018). Subsequently, in 1970–1971, the PRC government claimed that the Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands are historically part of Taiwan, which China also claims as its own territory, making the islands sovereign Chinese territory. Japan, meanwhile, cited legal assertions based in international law as the basis for its sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands, which it has enjoyed de facto control over since 1895 without any complaints from China. The official position of the PRC is that ‘Diaoyu Dao is China’s inherent territory in all historical, geographical and legal terms,’ according to historical evidence of the islands being administered as part of Taiwan since the Ming and Qing dynasties (MOFA of PRC 2012).