copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-11-01): U.S. Marines of the 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit, deployed from USS OKINAWA (LPH-3), assault and capture Umm al Maradim Island, 12 miles off the coast of Kuwait. Marines plant the Kuwaiti flag, and destroyed anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the 400 meter by-300 meter island. This is the second island reclaimed for the Kuwaiti government by the coalition. Navy helos search Maradim Island investigating reports of Iraqis offering to surrender, and were fired upon by approximately 20 Iraqi small craft with rocket-propelled grenades and automatic weapons. Returned fire, sinking 4 boats, damaging 12. A-6s engaged fleeing boats.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-13): After exploring several buoys we headed for Umm Al-Maradim Island a small island (0.5 x 0.5 km) lying in deep water on the southern edge of Kuwaiti territorial waters – several mobile phones switched to Saudi networks. It is home to a lighthouse and a police station and is notable for being the second piece of Kuwaiti territory to be liberated in the Gulf War on 29th January 1991 when it was captured by a task force of US Marines. [...] Our next destination was Kubbar Island which compared to Umm Al-Maradim is much bigger, lower lying and surrounded by clean sandy beaches. Again there is a lighthouse and plenty of cover for migrants and we were hopeful of turning up something unusual.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): When the allied air attacks against Iraq began on 17 January 1991, the seaborne feint needed reinforcement in order to remain credible. Amphibious raids were one method of reinforcing that threat.29 On 23 January 1991, Navy Captain Thomas L. McClelland, commanding Amphibious Squadron 5, and Colonel John E. Rhodes, commander of the 13th MEU(SOC), were ordered to plan for an amphibious raid on several Iraqi-held Kuwaiti islands; this raid was code named Operation Desert Sting. Before the operation began, Iraqis on one of the targeted islands, Qaruh, surrendered on 25 January to the USS Curts (FFG 38). On 26 January, the Iraqi garrison on another of the targeted islands, Umm al-Maradim, created a sign for U.S. Navy reconnaissance aircraft photographing the island that indicated they wished to surrender. The plan for Operation Desert Sting was modified to account for the surrender. Heavily supported by Navy aircraft, Company A, Battalion Landing Team 1/4 (Rein), landed on the north end of Umm al-Maradim Island at noon on 29 January. They encountered no enemy fire or other resistance and found the island had been deserted by its garrison. The Marines captured or destroyed a large quantity of small arms, machine guns, and mortars as well as several Iraqi antiaircraft guns and missiles. After three hours on the island, the raid force departed, leaving a Kuwaiti flag raised over the island and the words "Free Kuwait" and "USMC" painted on several of the buildings.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-03-15): Saudi Arabia and Qatar's ruler agreed in 1965 to delimit their boundary from Duhat as-Salwa in the west to Khwar Udaid on the Gulf in the east. (Qatar was then a British protectorate and Britain did not recognize the agreements, preferring to uphold Abu Dhabi's claim.) However, a 1992 clash between Saudi Arabia and Qatar claimed three lives; Qatar accused Saudi Arabia of attacking a border post at Khafus, while the Saudis stated that the clash took place inside Saudi territory between Bedouins from the two countries. In 1996, Saudi Arabia and Qatar signed a border demarcation agreement, and the two states completed the process in June 1999, signing demarcation maps of their common borders. Maritime Boundaries in the Northern GulfIn January 2000, Iran began drilling in the Dorra gas field in the Persian Gulf in an area claimed by both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, only to stop three months later in response to their protests. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia concluded an agreement in July 2000 demarcating their maritime border. The accord gives Kuwait sovereignty over the islands of Umm al-Maradim and Quruh with a one-mile radius around each. Submarine gas reserves, estimated at 370 billion cubic meters, will continue to be shared between the two nations. For its part, Iraq protested the SaudiKuwaiti agreement, announcing that it will not recognize any deal that does not take into account the territorial rights of Iraq.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-01): Kuwait has a hyper arid desert climate that is highly variable with recurrent extremes. The climate is marked by four distinct seasons, with long, hot and dry summers and short winters. Maximum daily temperatures can reach 45°C during summer in which there is no rainfall. Rainfall is concentrated in the winter and spring months. Rainfall totals are highly variable from year to year, and drought is a recurrent phenomenon. The average annual rainfall is typically approximately 112 millimeters (mm) per year and varies from 75 to 150 mm/yr. The annual recorded rainfall levels at Kuwait International Airport have been as low as 34.4 mm and as high as 218 mm, while a level of 319.5 mm was recorded in Umm Al-Maradim Island in October 2013.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The nine islands pertaining to State of Kuwait are: Failaka Island, Bubiyan Island, Miskan Island, Warbah Island, Auhah Island, Umm al Maradim Island, Umm an Namil Island, Kubbar Island and Qaruh Island. [...] Umm Al Maradim Island Last Kuwaiti island from the south. It gained its name from the "Maradim" birds that are found in great numbers on this island. Contrary to most of the other islands, ships can safely and directly anchor on its coasts due to the great depth of the sea surrounding the island. This island is located in the southern tip of the Kuwait maritime borders with the Saudi Arabia. Its length reaches 1.5 kilometers in the east and west and its width, 540 meters. It has an oval shape with a protruding armlet.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-18): The total area of the State of Kuwait is 17,818 sq km. Most of the mainland is a flat sandy desert gradually sloping towards sea level in the east. It is broken by shallow depressions and low hills, which form a ridge at Jal Al-Zor (145 metres above sea level), cut by the Umm Al-Ramam Wadi. The area is locally known as Ghodai, meaning a hill. The southern part of Kuwait is generally flat, with the exception of Ahmadi hill which is 137 metres above sea level. [...] There are nine islands off the coast of Kuwait: Failaka, Bubiyan, Miskan, Warba, Auhha, Umm Al-Maradim, Umm Al-Naml, Kubbar and Qaruh.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-04-05): - Al-Enezi, E.; Al-Ghadban, A.N.; Al-Refai, I.; Pieretti, N.; Frontalini, F. Living benthic foraminifera around the unique Umm al Maradim Island (Kuwait). Kuwait J. Sci. 2019, 46, 59–66. [Google Scholar] [...] - Al-Enezi, E.H. Environmental Factors Controlling the Distribution of Foraminifera in the Umm Al-Maradem Island and Khor Iskandar Southern Part of Kuwait. Master’s Thesis, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait, 2002. [Google Scholar]
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-08-16): Kuwait had a history of conflict along the border while it was a British protectorate with a notable example being from 1920 to 1921 when Kuwait and Najd were at war. One of the most influential people in determining the boundaries of Kuwait was Percy Cox who in his capacity as the high commissioner of Baghdad put in place the Uqair Protocol of 1922 to identify the boundaries around Kuwait as well as reduce the Bedouin raids into the territory of Kuwait. Kuwait's land boundary extends for about 295 miles and is shared with two nations of Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The borders of Kuwait have been subject of several controversies as both neighboring nations believed that they had a right to rule over Kuwait. [...] Saudi Arabia was one of the nations that rose to aid Kuwait in 1990 after forces from Iraq invaded Kuwait. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait work together in some international organizations such as the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries as well as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf. Despite the cooperation between the two nations, a few issues remain such as the ownership of a couple of islands, for example, Umm al Maradim. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait maintain close diplomatic ties with Saudi Arabia having an embassy in Kuwait's capital; the government of Kuwait is represented by an embassy located in Riyadh as well as a consulate in Jeddah.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-30): Umm al Maradim (Arabic: جزيرة ام المرادم)(Translation: Mother of boulders) is an island located at the extreme south of Kuwait's marine borders near the junction with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Umm Al-Maradim is surrounded by deep waters which enable ships to land directly at its shores - an advantage which is not available on most Kuwaiti islands. It is 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) in length and 540 metres (1,770 feet) in width, which represents an area of approximately 65 hectares (160 acres). It is an oval-shaped island with a sand cape. Pearl oysters breed around the island's seabed. [...] Umm Al-Maradim was the first Kuwaiti land to be liberated from the Invasion of Kuwait in 1991. On its territory the Kuwaiti flag was hoisted again proclaiming the defeat of aggression and the restoration of legality.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-10-06): Volunteer Kuwaiti divers have been busily cleaning up their country’s polluted seabed for nearly a decade, but the debris they remove is not just old shoes and tyres. Guns, canons and shells litter the crystal blue waters off the island of Um al-Maradim, which served as a military base for the Iraqis during the first Gulf war. Um al-Maradim's sandy beaches and turquoise lagoons used to be the jewel of the Persian Gulf. But in 1990, Iraqi troops arrived and it became their military base for the invasion of Kuwait. The Iraqi troops dug trenches on the pristine beaches and surrounded the island with barbed wire. The troops surrendered on January 28, 1991, but the small tropical paradise that was Um al-Maradim still bears the scars of their short stay today. [...] Um al-Maradim was at the forefront of Iraqi military manoeuvres, to the detriment of its wildlife and seabed. Retreating soldiers poured oil into the sea allegedly as part of a revenge strategy to damage Kuwaitan territory as they they left. The coral reef sustained permanent damage. Weapons and ammunition were dumped by Iraqi military ships as troops fled the island at the end of the war.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-10-29): Umm al Maradim (Arabic: جزيرة ام المرادم)(Translation: Mother of boulders) is an island located at the extreme south of Kuwait's marine borders near the junction with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Umm Al-Maradim is surrounded by deep waters which enable ships to land directly at its shores - an advantage which is not available on most Kuwaiti islands. It is 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) in length and 540 metres (1,770 feet) in width, which represents an area of approximately 65 hectares (160 acres). It is an oval-shaped island with a sand cape. Pearl oysters breed around the island's seabed. [...] Umm Al Maradim has a port of entry/exit for Kuwait. For details see Entrance: Kuwait.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim. [...] On 29 January, in the northern Persian Gulf, the five ships of Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) ALFA — USS Okinawa, USS Ogden, USS Fort McHenry, USS Cayuga and USS Durham steamed near the Kuwaiti island Umm al Maradim. United States Marines assaulted the 300-meter by 400-meter island 12 miles off the Kuwaiti coast using embarked Marine helicopter. After several hours of intense combat, the marines succeeded in liberating the second Kuwaiti island. After destroying Iraqi anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the island, which had been used as an early warning post by the enemy, the Marines raised the Kuwaiti flag over the second parcel of reclaimed territory.[2] [...] The original article can be found at Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim and the edit history here.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-09): The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim. [...] On 29 January, in the northern Persian Gulf, the five ships of Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) ALFA – USS Okinawa, USS Ogden, USS Fort McHenry, USS Cayuga and USS Durham steamed near the Kuwaiti island Umm al Maradim. United States Marines assaulted the 300-meter by 400-metre island 12 miles off the Kuwaiti coast using embarked Marine helicopter. After several hours of intense combat, the marines succeeded in liberating the second Kuwaiti island. After destroying Iraqi anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the island, which had been used as an early warning post by the enemy, the Marines raised the Kuwaiti flag over the second parcel of reclaimed territory. [2]
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-04-30): Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim [...] The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim. [...] On 29 January, in the northern Persian Gulf, the five ships of Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) ALFA — USS Okinawa, USS Ogden, USS Fort McHenry, USS Cayuga and USS Durham steamed near the Kuwaiti island Umm al Maradim. United States Marines assaulted the 300-meter by 400-meter island 12 miles off the Kuwaiti coast using embarked Marine helicopter. After several hours of intense combat, the marines succeeded in liberating the second Kuwaiti island. After destroying Iraqi anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the island, which had been used as an early warning post by the enemy, the Marines raised the Kuwaiti flag over the second parcel of reclaimed territory.[2]
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-04-10): Living benthic foraminifera around the Umm al Maradim Island (Kuwait) The present investigation focuses on the unique Island of Umm al Maradim that represents the largest and southernmost coral island in Kuwait. Thirty-seven stations around the Island were sampled for living benthic foraminiferal analyses. Relatively high values of diversity for both total and living assemblages, 101 and 96 species, respectively, have been documented. These figures are sensibly higher than those documented in most of the previous studies around Kuwait territorial waters. Porcelaneous test in terms of abundance dominates the foraminiferal assemblages followed by hyaline tests and only a minor part of the assemblages was represented by agglutinated foraminifera. The high dominance of porcelaneous tests might be explained by the peculiar physiographic setting and the presence of coral reef around the Island. Very low foraminiferal abundances were associated with shallower environments like subtidal zone around the island, whereas higher values were found at deeper and more distal stations. Planispiral morphotypes were found dominant at the more shallow-proximal stations whereas milioline morphotypes dominated at intermediate depth and trochospiral morphotypes were more abundant at greater water depth. This paper contributes towards the documentation of benthic foraminiferal diversity in Kuwait as well as in the Arabian Gulf.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-29): Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim. [...] Umm al Maradim [edit]On 29 January, in the northern Persian Gulf, the five ships of Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) ALFA – USS Okinawa, USS Ogden, USS Fort McHenry, USS Cayuga and USS Durham steamed near the Kuwaiti island Umm al Maradim. United States Marines assaulted the 300-meter by 400-metre island 12 miles off the Kuwaiti coast using embarked Marine helicopter. After several hours of intense combat, the marines succeeded in liberating the second Kuwaiti island. After destroying Iraqi anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the island, which had been used as an early warning post by the enemy, the Marines raised the Kuwaiti flag over the second parcel of reclaimed territory.[2]
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Umm Al-Maradim Island is a small island located off the coast of Kuwait, in the Persian Gulf. It is a popular tourist destination for those looking for a relaxing beach vacation. With its pristine white sands, crystal clear waters, and stunning views, Umm Al-Maradim Island is a paradise for beachgoers. Here are 10 things to do on Umm Al-Maradim Island. [...] 5. Relax on the Beach: Umm Al-Maradim Island is home to some of the most stunning beaches in Kuwait. Spend a day relaxing on the white sands and soaking up the sun. [...] Umm Al-Maradim Island is a great place to visit for a relaxing beach vacation. With its pristine beaches, crystal clear waters, and stunning views, Umm Al-Maradim Island is the perfect place to get away from it all. Whether you’re looking for a relaxing beach vacation or an adventure-filled holiday, Umm Al-Maradim Island has something for everyone.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-02-01): Umm al Maradim Island
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-13): Qaruh Island (Arabic: جزيرة قاروه) is an island belonging to the state of Kuwait, which received its name from the large amounts of petroleum sediments in the area (known as Qar in Arabic). It is the smallest of the nine islands, and also the furthest island from the Kuwaiti mainland. It is located 37.5 kilometres east of the mainland coast, and 17 kilometres northeast of Umm al Maradim. The island is roughly 275 meters long by 175 meters at its widest (area about 3.5 ha. The island was also the first part of Kuwaiti soil that was liberated from Iraq during the Gulf War on January 21, 1991.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): KUWAIT, Aug 11 (KUNA) -- Umm Al-Maradim was the second Kuwaiti Island to be liberated from the Iraqi forces, where the invaders carved their surrender letter on its rocks in 1991. [...] Located at the extreme south of the Kuwaiti marine borders with Saudi Arabia, the island stretches over one and a half kilo meters in length and 540 meters in width. Umm Al-Maradim's nature saw some changes during the Iraqi invasion, when the soldiers set underground tunnels and barbed wire around the island. [...] Umm Al-Maradim also saw the opening of a marine entrance in 2008 and has a governmental building for customs, passport affairs and coast guard. (end) aja.ag
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): When the allied air attacks against Iraq began on 17 January 1991, the seaborne feint needed reinforcement in order to remain credible. Amphibious raids were one method of reinforcing that threat.29 On 23 January 1991, Navy Captain Thomas L. McClelland, commanding Amphibious Squadron 5, and Colonel John E. Rhodes, commander of the 13th MEU(SOC), were ordered to plan for an amphibious raid on several Iraqi-held Kuwaiti islands; this raid was code named Operation Desert Sting. Before the operation began, Iraqis on one of the targeted islands, Qaruh, surrendered on 25 January to the USS Curts (FFG 38). On 26 January, the Iraqi garrison on another of the targeted islands, Umm al-Maradim, created a sign for U.S. Navy reconnaissance aircraft photographing the island that indicated they wished to surrender. The plan for Operation Desert Sting was modified to account for the surrender. Heavily supported by Navy aircraft, Company A, Battalion Landing Team 1/4 (Rein), landed on the north end of Umm al-Maradim Island at noon on 29 January. They encountered no enemy fire or other resistance and found the island had been deserted by its garrison. The Marines captured or destroyed a large quantity of small arms, machine guns, and mortars as well as several Iraqi antiaircraft guns and missiles. After three hours on the island, the raid force departed, leaving a Kuwaiti flag raised over the island and the words "Free Kuwait" and "USMC" painted on several of the buildings.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-01): Key sites for marine turtles in Kuwait include the offshore islands of Qaru and Umm Al-Maradim. These islands are known to be significant nesting sites, particularly for the Hawksbill Turtle, which is critically endangered. They return to these islands during the nesting season to lay their eggs on the sandy beaches. Protecting these nesting sites is crucial for the survival of the species.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Iranian Boat Sank in Kuwaiti Territorial Waters: Search Operations Ongoing WANA (Sep 03) – Kuwait’s Coast Guard has reported that an Iranian boat has sunk in its territorial waters. According to reports, the vessel, carrying Iranian and Indian crew members, sank in the maritime area between Kubbar and Umm al-Maradim islands.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-03-15): Maritime Boundaries in the Northern GulfIn January 2000, Iran began drilling in the Dorra gas field in the Persian Gulf in an area claimed by both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, only to stop three months later in response to their protests. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia concluded an agreement in July 2000 demarcating their maritime border. The accord gives Kuwait sovereignty over the islands of Umm al-Maradim and Quruh with a one-mile radius around each. Submarine gas reserves, estimated at 370 billion cubic meters, will continue to be shared between the two nations. For its part, Iraq protested the SaudiKuwaiti agreement, announcing that it will not recognize any deal that does not take into account the territorial rights of Iraq.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): A Kuwaiti diver pushes a tire out of the Arabian Gulf during a beach cleanup Oct. 15, 2016 at Umm al Maradim Island, Kuwait. Five U.S. Army Central Soldiers provided support to the marine conservation project which included over fifty Kuwaiti volunteers. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Angela Lorden)