copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2003-06-02): Río Ntem o Campo - Country:Equatorial Guinea - Site number:1310 - Area:33,000 ha - Designation date:02-06-2003 - Coordinates:02°10'N 09°51'E [...] Río Ntem o Campo. 02/06/03; Bata-Litoral; 33,000 ha; 02°13'N 009°52'E. Nature Reserve. Located along the Ntem (or Campo) river, which forms the frontier with Cameroon in the nation's north, the site has been designated for the List because of its support for vulnerable or endangered species and because it is an important source of food for fishes or spawning ground, nursery and/or migration path on which fish stocks depend. Coastal stablization and flood control have been noted as important hydrological values. The work of the forestry industry is seen as a potential threat to the ecological character of the site. Ramsar site no. 1310.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-01): Equatorial Guinea is comprised of a mainland territory known as Río Muni (including several offshore islands); the island of Bioko (formerly Fernando Pó), where the capital, Malabo (formerly Santa Isabel) is located; and the island of Annobón in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Cameroon on the north, Gabon on the south and east, and the Gulf of Guinea on the west, where the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe is located. [...] The Muni and Ntem rivers, on the south and north boundaries of Río Muni, are estuaries navigable for about 12 miles (20 km); the Mbini River, midway between them, is typical of the cascading streams that drain all of Río Muni. Bioko has short cascading streams; Annobón has only storm arroyos. [...] - Kié-Ntem Province (Ebebiyín)
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-20): Equatorial Guinea is one of the smallest and least populated countries in continental Africa and is the only independent African country where Spanish is an official language. Despite a boom in oil production in the 1990s, authoritarianism, corruption, and resource mismanagement have concentrated the benefits among a small elite. These practices have perpetuated income inequality and unbalanced development, such as low public spending on education and health care. Unemployment remains problematic because the oil-dominated economy employs a small labor force dependent on skilled foreign workers. The agricultural sector, Equatorial Guinea’s main employer, continues to deteriorate because of a lack of investment and the migration of rural workers to urban areas. About three-quarters of the population lives below the poverty line. [...] Country name conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee Equatoriale local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee Equatoriale former: Spanish Guinea etymology: the country is named for the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea and stretches north to the Sahel; the "equatorial" refers to the fact that the country lies just north of the Equator [...] Disputes - international in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation; UN urged Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane and lesser islands and to create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-21): Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region, contemporarily known as Rio Muni, was most likely predominantly inhibited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule. [...] Equatorial Guinea-Cameroon: in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): [edit]In 1778, Queen Maria I of Portugal and King Charles III of Spain signed the Treaty of El Pardo which ceded Bioko, adjacent islets, and commercial rights to the Bight of Biafra between the Niger and Ogoue rivers to Spain in exchange for large areas in South America that are now Western Brazil. Brigadier Felipe José, Count of Arjelejos formally took possession of Bioko from Portugal on 21 October 1778. After sailing for Annobón to take possession, the Count died of disease caught on Bioko and the fever-ridden crew mutinied. The crew landed on São Tomé instead where they were imprisoned by the Portuguese authorities after having lost over 80% of their men to sickness.[28] As a result of this disaster, Spain was thereafter hesitant to invest heavily in its new possession. However, despite the setback Spaniards began to use the island as a base for slave trading on the nearby mainland. Between 1778 and 1810, the territory of what became Equatorial Guinea was administered by the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, based in Buenos Aires.[29]
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Continental Equatorial Guinea is a roughly rectangular territory bounded by Cameroon to the north and Gabon to the east and south. Near the coast are the small islands of Corisco and Great and Little Elobey. Bioko, by far the largest of the islands, lies off the coast of Cameroon in the Bight of Biafra. Annobón, a volcanic island, lies south of the Equator and almost 400 miles (640 km) to the southwest of Bioko. [...] The Mbini River (known as the Woleu River in Gabon) runs generally from east to west through central Río Muni; it is nonnavigable except for the first 12 miles (19 km) inland. To the north the Campo River (called the Ntem in French-speaking Africa) marks part of the frontier with Cameroon. The Utamboni River flows through the south. To the southwest the Muni is not itself a river but the estuary of various rivers of Gabon and southern Equatorial Guinea. To the east the de facto border with Gabon follows the meandering course of the Kié (Kyé) River, rather than the legal frontier at latitude 11° 20′ E. The rivers of mainland Equatorial Guinea provide limited hydroelectric power generation and waterpower at some lumbering sites.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-07): A Cameroonian senior military officer speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak on behalf of the army told the French News Agency (AFP) that Equatorial Guinean soldiers had crossed the River Ntem that forms the natural border between the two countries and erected milestones in the town of Kye-Ossi on the Cameroonian side. [...] The Cameroon government eventually summoned Equatorial Guinea’s Ambassador to Yaounde, Anastasio Asumu Mum Munoz for an explanation. The Ambassador confirmed the planting of the milestones but dismissed General Meka’s assertion that his country was encroaching into Cameroonian territory as "misleading."
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-01-20): Government Type: Nominally multi-party Republic with strong domination by the executive branch. Independence: October 12, 1968 (from Spain). Constitution: Approved by national referendum November 17, 1991; amended January 1995. Branches: Executive--President (Chief of State) and a Council of Ministers appointed by the president. Legislative--100 member Chamber of People's Representatives (members directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms). Judicial--Supreme Tribunal. Administrative subdivisions: Seven provinces--Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Littoral, Wele-Nzas. Political parties: The ruling party is the Partido Democratico de Guinea Ecuatorial (PDGE), formed July 30, 1987. Numerous other parties were allowed to form in the early 1990s. Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal adult. [...] GEOGRAPHY The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is located in west central Africa. Bioko Island lies about 40 kilometers (25 mi.) from Cameroon. Annobon Island lies about 595 kilometers (370 mi.) southwest of Bioko Island. The larger continental region of Rio Muni lies between Cameroon and Gabon on the mainland; it includes the islands of Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, and adjacent islets.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-07): An army officer, speaking on condition of anonymity, told AFP that Equatorial Guinean soldiers had crossed the Ntem river that forms a natural border between the two countries, and erected milestones in the town of Kye-Ossi on the Cameroonian side. [...] Equatorial Guinea is an oil-rich Central African nation which has been led by President Teodoro Obiang Nguema since 1979. Rights groups and corruption reports have ranked the country low in both areas.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-08-23): (Business in Cameroon) - No later than August 30th, Cameroon will submit to the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), its take on the Joint Technical Committee (CTM) in charge of monitoring the construction of the bridge over the Ntem River, located on the Kribi-Campo(Cameroon)-Bata(Equatorial Guinea) corridor. [...] It is clear that Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea are strongly committed to build a bridge over the Ntem and hence a tarred road between Kribi and Bata, via Campo.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-03): Equatorial Guinea is one of the smallest and least populated countries in continental Africa and is the only independent African country where Spanish is an official language. Despite a boom in oil production in the 1990s, authoritarianism, corruption, and resource mismanagement have concentrated the benefits among a small elite. These practices have perpetuated income inequality and unbalanced development, such as low public spending on education and health care. Unemployment remains problematic because the oil-dominated economy employs a small labor force dependent on skilled foreign workers. The agricultural sector, Equatorial Guinea’s main employer, continues to deteriorate because of a lack of investment and the migration of rural workers to urban areas. About three-quarters of the population lives below the poverty line. [...] Equatorial Guinea-Cameroon: in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-01): Equatorial Guinea is composed of two regions, one continental and one insular consisting of two fundamental islands, Bioko and Annobon and smaller islands such as Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico and Mbañe. It has total surface area of 28,051.46 km2 distributed. The continental part limits to the north with the Ntem River and Cameroon, to the south and east with Gabon and to the west with the Atlantic Ocean. It shares the maritime borders with Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon and Cameroon. The population of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea is over 1.4 million (2020) people. The country has been one of the fastest growing economies in Africa in the past decade. After the discovery of large oil reserves in the 1990s, Equatorial Guinea became the third-largest producer of oil in Sub-Saharan Africa, after Nigeria and Angola. More recently, substantial gas reserves have also been discovered.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-24): Equatorial Guinea is one of the smallest and least populated countries in continental Africa and is the only independent African country where Spanish is an official language. Despite a boom in oil production in the 1990s, authoritarianism, corruption, and resource mismanagement have concentrated the benefits among a small elite. These practices have perpetuated income inequality and unbalanced development, such as low public spending on education and health care. Unemployment remains problematic because the oil-dominated economy employs a small labor force dependent on skilled foreign workers. The agricultural sector, Equatorial Guinea’s main employer, continues to deteriorate because of a lack of investment and the migration of rural workers to urban areas. About three-quarters of the population lives below the poverty line.Equatorial Guinea’s large and growing youth population – about 60% are under the age of 25 – is particularly affected because job creation in the non-oil sectors is limited, and young people often do not have the skills needed in the labor market. Equatorial Guinean children frequently enter school late, have poor attendance, and have high dropout rates. [...] Disputes - international in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation; UN urged Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane and lesser islands and to create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-09): Confirmed or probable cases were reported in five districts (Bata, Ebebiyin, Evinayong, Nsok Nsomo and Nsork) in four of the country’s eight provinces (Centro Sur, Kié-Ntem, Litoral and Wele-Nzas).
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-01-20): Government Type: Nominally multi-party Republic with strong domination by the executive branch. Independence: October 12, 1968 (from Spain). Constitution: Approved by national referendum November 17, 1991; amended January 1995. Branches: Executive--President (Chief of State), Prime Minister, and a Council of Ministers appointed by the president. Legislative--100-member Chamber of People's Representatives (members directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms). Judicial--Supreme Tribunal. Administrative subdivisions: Seven provinces--Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Littoral, Wele-Nzas. Political parties: The ruling party is the Partido Democratico de Guinea Ecuatorial (PDGE), formed July 30, 1987. There are 12 other recognized parties that formed in the early 1990s. Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal adult. [...] GEOGRAPHY The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is located in west central Africa. Bioko Island lies about 40 kilometers (25 mi.) from Cameroon. Annobon Island lies about 595 kilometers (370 mi.) southwest of Bioko Island. The larger continental region of Rio Muni lies between Cameroon and Gabon on the mainland; it includes the islands of Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, and adjacent islets.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-17): Banc du Geyser (also Banc du Geysir) is a mostly submerged reef in the Mozambique Channel's northeastern part, 125 km (78 mi) northeast from Mayotte, 112 km (70 mi) southwest of the Glorioso Islands and 200 km (124 mi) off the northwestern coast of Madagascar. [...] France and the Comoros claim the Banc du Geyser as part of their exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The reef is also claimed by Madagascar. From the French point of view, it is a part of the EEZ of Glorioso Islands, one of their Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean. Madagascar announced its annexation in 1976, presumably because of the possibility of oil fields in the vicinity but the Banc du Geyser is controlled in fact by the French forces armées de la zone sud de l'océan Indien. [...] External links [edit]- "Satellite images of Banc du Geysir". Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2009.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-03): French overseas territories east africa banc du geyser Banc du Geyser (also Banc du Geysir) is a mostly submerged reef in the Mozambique Channel's northeastern part, 125 km (78 mi) northeast from Mayotte, 112 km (70 mi) southwest of the Glorioso Islands, and 200 km (124 mi) off the northwestern coast of Madagascar. [...] France and the Comoros claim the Banc du Geyser as part of their exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The reef is also claimed Madagascar. From the French point of view, it is part of the EEZ of Glorioso Islands, one of their Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean. Madagascar announced its annexation in 1976, presumably because of the possibility of oil fields in the vicinity but the Banc du Geyser is controlled in fact by the French forces armées de la zone sud de l'océan Indien. In 2012, France included the reef in the parc naturel marin des Glorieuses, a marine protected area, to preserve the endangered flora and fauna of Glorioso Islands.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-19): Which waterbody houses "Banc du Geyser Reef"? Notes: Banc du Geyser is a mostly submerged reef in the northeastern Mozambique channel, which is located northeast from Mayotte, southwest of the Glorioso Islands, and off the northwestern coast of Madagascar. It is a disputed dangerous oval-shaped reef in which its ownership is claimed by Comoros, Madagascar, and France, claiming Banc du Geyser as part of the Exclusive Economic Zones of the said countries. France classified this reef as a marine protected area to preserve the endangered flora and fauna of the Glorioso Islands.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): - Banc Vailheu, or Raya, a submerged volcano located 20 km west of Grand Comoro - Banc du Geyser, a reef measuring 8 by 5 km in area, situated 130 km North-East of Grande-Terre - Banc du Leven, a former island between Madagascar and Grande-Terre which is now submerged
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-13): Banc du Geyser (also Banc du Geysir) is a mostly submerged reef in the Mozambique Channel’s northeastern part, 125 km (78 mi) northeast from Mayotte, 112 km (70 mi) southwest of the Glorioso Islands, and 200 km (124 mi) off the northwestern coast of Madagascar. [...] France and the Comoros claim the Banc du Geyser as part of their exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The reef is also claimed by Madagascar. From the French point of view, it is a part of the EEZ of Glorioso Islands, one of their Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean. Madagascar announced its annexation in 1976, presumably because of the possibility of oil fields in the vicinity but the Banc du Geyser is controlled in fact by the French forces armées de la zone sud de l’océan Indien.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Two of the islands—Europa Island and Juan de Nova Island—and the Bassas da India atoll lie in the Mozambique Channel west of Madagascar, while a third island, Tromelin Island, lies about 450 kilometres (280 mi) east of Madagascar and the Glorioso Islands lies about 200 kilometres (120 mi) northwest of Madagascar. Also in the Mozambique Channel is Banc du Geyser, a mostly submerged reef considered a part of the Glorioso Islands by France and the Comoros. [...] Sovereignty dispute [edit]Mauritius, Madagascar, and the Comoros dispute France's sovereignty over these islands. Mauritius claims Tromelin Island and states that the island, discovered by France in 1722, was not ceded by the Treaty of Paris in 1814. Madagascar claims sovereignty over the Glorioso Islands (including Banc du Geyser), though the island group was never a part of the Malagasy Protectorate, having been a part of the Colony of Mayotte and dependencies, then a part of the French Comoros that had become a separately administered colony from Madagascar in 1946. The Comoros also claims the Glorioso Islands (including Banc du Geyser), as a part of the disputed French region of Mayotte. Furthermore, Madagascar has also claimed Bassas da India, Europa Island, and Juan de Nova Island since 1972,[5] and a 1979 United Nations resolution (without binding force) demanded the cession of these islands to Madagascar.[6][7] Seychelles claimed a part of the Scattered Islands too before the signing of the France–Seychelles Maritime Boundary Agreement.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-10): In this edition of our series on territorial disputes, we turn our attention to the Banc du Geyser, a submerged reef located in the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and the French overseas territory of Mayotte. Despite its small size and remote location, the Banc du Geyser has been the subject of a long-standing dispute between France and Madagascar, highlighting the complexities of maritime boundary disputes. This post will explore the history, key players, and current status of the Banc du Geyser dispute. The Banc du Geyser is a submerged reef that is exposed at low tide, located approximately 100 kilometers northeast of Mayotte and 130 kilometers southwest of the northern tip of Madagascar. The reef is situated in a strategically important area of the Indian Ocean, near major shipping lanes and fishing grounds. The Banc du Geyser has no permanent human habitation and is uninhabited by wildlife due to its isolation and harsh conditions. [...] The Banc du Geyser dispute is a reminder of the challenges inherent in resolving territorial disputes, particularly in remote and uninhabited areas. As we continue our series on territorial disputes around the world, we will explore other examples of conflicts over land, resources, and sovereignty, shedding light on the complexities of these issues and the potential paths towards resolution. Thank you for joining us on this journey, and we look forward to exploring more territories in future posts.