copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2022-03-06): Certain types of HPV cause almost all cases of cervical cancer. Vaccines that protect against these HPV types can greatly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer, as well as other cancers caused by long-lasting HPV infections. But globally, HPV vaccination rates are low, especially in countries with high rates of cervical cancer and limited health care resources. [...] "We’ve had the HPV vaccine since 2006, and we could have prevented those women from developing cervical cancer," she said. HPV vaccination can prevent infection with HPV types that cause most cervical cancers. Because HPV is transmitted sexually, vaccine programs generally aim to vaccinate girls and younger adolescents.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-03-05): Most infections with HPV resolve spontaneously and cause no symptoms. However, persistent infection can cause cervical cancer in women. Virtually all cervical cancer cases (99%) are linked to genital infection with HPV, the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. HPV can also cause other types of anogenital cancer, head and neck cancers, and genital warts in both men and women. HPV infections are transmitted through sexual contact. Effective and safe vaccines – which protect against the 2 main cervical and other cancer–causing types, HPV16 and HPV18 – are available. Being vaccinated with the HPV vaccine reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer. HPV vaccination is the most cost-effective public health measure against cervical cancer. The Global Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem recommends vaccination for girls before the age of 15.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2022-12-15): Owing to controversies about human papillomavirus vaccination, proactive television, radio, or social media communication strategies to quickly combat rumors and misconceptions are needed.6179 Improving provider recommendations will build confidence about and demand for the vaccine. Increasing public understanding of the impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on the risk of cervical cancer and other anogenital and head and neck cancers may provide an additional impetus for vaccination.82 Traditional venues for awareness campaigns must be adjusted by understanding how women and parents obtain information online and working within these platforms. Strategies that benefit LMICs may also work in high income countries to reach historically marginalized girls and women with less access to vaccination and screening and higher risk of cervical cancer.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-06-13): A study of almost 3.5 million people confirmed that immunization against the human papillomavirus (HPV) lowers the chances of developing cancers caused by HPV. This includes head and neck cancer in men and boys and cervical cancer in women and girls. [...] The HPV vaccine was approved in the United States in 2006. Since then, many studies have shown that protection against HPV lowers the risk of cervical cancer. However, other cancers can be caused by HPV, including head and neck cancer, as well as cancers of the anus, penis, vulva, and vagina. This study compared cancer risk between people who received the HPV vaccine and those who did not. [...] The HPV vaccine protected women and girls against cervical cancer. There were 70 cases of cervical cancer among immunized women and girls. In comparison, there were 99 cases of cervical cancer among women and girls who were not immunized.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-08-15): Because the cell changes and cancers caused by HPV take years to develop, it has only recently been confirmed that the vaccines reduce the risk of these outcomes as well. Trials and real-world data from population-based studies have now demonstrated that the vaccines greatly reduce the risk of precancers and cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in vaccinated women (10–13). A clinical trial of Gardasil in men indicated that it can prevent anal cell changes caused by persistent infection (14). The trials that led to approval of Gardasil 9 found it to be nearly 100% effective in preventing cervical, vulvar, and vaginal infections and precancers caused by all seven cancer-causing HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) that it targets (10). [...] The combination of HPV vaccination and cervical screening can provide the greatest protection against cervical cancer. Also, HPV vaccination reduces the risk of developing cancers caused by HPV at sites other than the cervix. [...] Widespread HPV vaccination has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence around the world by as much as 90% (16, 19). In addition, the vaccines may reduce the need for screening and subsequent medical care, biopsies, and invasive procedures associated with follow-up from abnormal cervical screening, thus helping to reduce health care costs and anxieties related to follow-up procedures (24).
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2020-10-14): In what many global health leaders are calling a milestone study, researchers in Sweden have confirmed that widespread use of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine dramatically reduces the number of women who will develop cervical cancer. [...] The Swedish study is the largest to compare cervical cancer diagnoses among women who did and did not receive an HPV vaccine. In Sweden, the only HPV vaccine available during the time period studied was one that protects against four HPV types: HPV 6, HPV 11, HPV 16, and HPV 18. Infections with types 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancers, and types 6 and 11 cause 90% of genital warts. [...] Overall, 19 of the vaccinated women were diagnosed with cervical cancer during the study period, compared with 538 of the unvaccinated women. After adjusting for different factors that can influence cervical cancer risk, those numbers translated into a 63% reduced risk of being diagnosed with cervical cancer among females who had been vaccinated compared with those who hadn’t.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-03-05): Cervical cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by HPV, other less common cancers affecting men and women, including anal, vulvar, vaginal, mouth/throat and penile cancers. [...] Currently, cancer of the cervix (cervical cancer) is the only HPV-caused cancer for which screening tests are available. [...] Giving the global public health burden of cervical cancer caused by HPV, the World Health Assembly (WHA. 73.2) adopted the Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem with the following targets:
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2022-04-11): SAGE’s review concluded that a single-dose Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine delivers solid protection against HPV, the virus that causes cervical cancer, that is comparable to 2-dose schedules. This could be a game-changer for the prevention of the disease; seeing more doses of the life-saving jab reach more girls. Often referred to as the ‘silent killer’ and almost entirely preventable, cervical cancer is a disease of inequity of access; the new SAGE recommendation is underpinned by concerns over the slow introduction of the HPV vaccine into immunization programs and overall low population coverage, especially in poorer countries. [...] "The HPV vaccine is highly effective for the prevention of HPV serotypes 16 & 18, which cause 70% of cervical cancer," said Dr Alejandro Cravioto, SAGE Chair. "SAGE urges all countries to introduce HPV vaccines and prioritize multi-age cohort catch up of missed and older cohorts of girls. These recommendations will enable more girls and women to be vaccinated and thus preventing them from having cervical cancer and all its consequences over the course of their lifetimes."
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2021-11-04): HPV vaccine: How it protects against cervical cancer and who can get it - Published New research has found the HPV vaccine can reduce cases of cervical cancer by nearly 90%. [...] Although the vaccine appears to dramatically reduce the chances of developing cervical cancer, it does not protect against all types of HPV.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2023-12-05): Around 14 types of HPV are considered high risk for cervical cancer. Two of these types (HPV 16 and HPV 18) cause about 70 out of 100 (70%) of all cervical cancer cases. [...] There are now vaccines to prevent HPV infection. All boys and girls aged 12 or 13 in the UK are routinely offered the HPV vaccine at school. These vaccines protect against the types of HPV that are most likely to cause cervical cancer. But they don't protect against all types. So, you still need to take part in cervical screening, even if you have had the HPV vaccine. [...] The risk of cervical cancer may be increased in women who have a sexually transmitted infection (STI) alongside HPV.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2022-10-13): Some risk factors make it more likely for a person who has a high-risk HPV infection of the cervix to develop cervical cancer. These risk factors include: [...] HPV vaccination is a safe and effective way to help prevent cervical cancer. Gardasil 9 is the FDA-approved vaccine for females and males aged 9 to 45 in the United States. Gardasil 9 is approved to prevent precancers and cancers caused by seven cancer-causing HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) and to prevent genital warts caused by HPV types 6 and 11. The HPV vaccine does not treat an existing HPV infection. [...] Because HPV vaccination doesn’t protect against all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer, getting screened at regular intervals is still important.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-09-18): Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by an infection with certain high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). [...] Cervical screening and HPV vaccination are the best ways to protect yourself from cervical cancer. [...] - All children aged 12 to 13 are offered the HPV vaccine. It helps protect against the types of HPV that cause most cases of cervical cancer, as well as some other cancers and genital warts.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-05-28): Previous studies have shown that the HPV vaccine is effective at reducing the risk of cervical cancer, however, there has been limited evidence linking it to a decreased likelihood of developing other HPV-related cancers since the introduction of the first version of the vaccine in 2006. [...] Previous research pertaining to HPV-vaccination has primarily focused on outcomes related to cervical cancer. It is the fourth most common cancer globally with about 660,000 new cases diagnosed annually with nearly 350,000 deaths per the World Health Organization. This study examines the HPV-vaccinated persons’ risk of developing cancers of the head and neck, anal areas, penis, vulva, vagina, and cervix. This study also aims to examine the HPV vaccine’s impact on need for surgical treatment of cancer and pre-cancerous lesions. [...] Females vaccinated for HPV had a lower risk of developing cervical cancer (7.4 cases per 100,000 vaccinated patients vs. 10.4 per 100,000 unvaccinated patients) and a lower risk of developing all HPV-related cancers compared to unvaccinated females (11.5 cases per 100,000 vaccinated patients vs. 15.8 per 100,000 unvaccinated patients). However, odds of developing head and neck cancers and vulvar or vaginal cancer were not significantly different in vaccinated females compared to those who had not received the vaccine.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2022-02-07): Maintaining a healthy weight might lower the risk of various types of cancer, including cancer of the breast, prostate, lung, colon and kidney. Being overweight causes the body to make and circulate more estrogen and insulin, hormones that can stimulate cancer growth. One of the best ways to get an idea if you are at a healthy weight is to check your body mass index, a score based on the relationship between your height and weight. Most people are at normal weight if their BMI is below 25. Be physically active. Approximately 3% of cancer cases are attributed to physical inactivity. Being physically active might lower the risk of breast cancer and colon cancer. Exercise fights obesity and lowers levels of hormones like estrogen and insulin, which have been linked to cancer. Get immunized (HPV & Hepatitis vaccines). Certain viruses have been linked to cancer, but are preventable through vaccination. In the U.S., approximately one-third of liver cancers are linked to the hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. The hepatitis B vaccine can help lower liver cancer risk. Talk to your physician about age recommendations for the human papillomavirus vaccine. The HPV vaccine helps prevent most cervical cancers and several other kinds of cancer. Get regular screenings. Getting screening tests regularly may find breast, cervical, and colon cancers early, when treatment is likely to work best. For more information on to how prevent cancer, visit USAFwellness.com or contact your local Civilian Health Promotion Services team. Comprehensive information on cancer prevention can be found at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website at cdc.gov.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2022-10-01): Some things can increase a person’s risk of getting cancer. These are called risk factors. There are some general risk factors for developing cancer. And there are some that increase the risk of developing a specific type of cancer. [...] - Human papilloma virus (HPV), which increases the risk of cervical cancer and is linked to cancers of the head and neck, anus, vulva, vagina and penis - hepatitis B and C, which are linked to liver cancer - HIV, which can increase the risk of cancers including lymphoma and sarcoma. [...] If you have an increased risk of cancer caused by HPV, you may be able to have an HPV vaccine. Your GP, local sexual health clinic or HIV clinic can give you more information.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. Other types, called "high-risk HPV," can cause cancer, especially cancer of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus where a baby grows during pregnancy. Most cervical cancers are caused by HPV. That means if you have a cervix and are infected with certain types of HPV, you have a higher risk of getting cervical cancer. HPV tests use a sample of cells from your cervix to look for signs of infection with high-risk HPVs that can lead to cervical cancer. Knowing whether you have HPV helps your health care provider understand your risk for developing cervical cancer. If you have an HPV infection, you can discuss whether you need other tests and how often you should be checked for cervical cancer. [...] The HPV vaccine is a safe, effective way to protect yourself from HPV infections that can cause cancer and genital warts. The vaccine could prevent many of the cancers that HPV causes, including cancer of the cervix, vagina, throat, anus, and penis.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2022-08-22): Yes. Because the HPV vaccine is made using only the surface protein from the virus, it can't cause HPV and, therefore, can't cause cervical cancer. The vaccine may cause redness and tenderness at the site of injection. The vaccine may also cause a low-grade fever in a small number of recipients. Fainting has been reported; however, the rates have not been higher than those following receipt of other vaccines for teens. Because of the possibility of fainting, teens are recommended to remain at the office for about 15-30 minutes after getting immunized. [...] Yes. The HPV vaccine prevents the types of HPV that cause about 9 of every 10 cervical cancers. Because the vaccine doesn't prevent all types of HPV that cause cancer, women still need to get routine Pap tests. Likewise, the vaccine doesn’t protect against types of HPV to which a person was exposed prior to vaccination. [...] No. Unfortunately, therapeutic trials of HPV vaccine have shown that the vaccine doesn't cause a regression in Pap smear changes that precede cervical cancer.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-09-17): - Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) nearly eliminates the risk of cervical cancer, vulvar cancers, and penile or anus cancers caused by HPV. [...] Thanks to the development of the HPV vaccine nearly two decades ago, those who receive the vaccine as children nearly eliminate their risk of developing HPV-associated cancers. The HPV vaccine is approved for males and females ages 9 to 45, with recommendations for the first doses beginning at age 11 to 12 (see Sidebar 16). Despite clear evidence showing that the HPV vaccine reduces cervical cancer incidence, the uptake of the vaccine has been suboptimal in the United States (382)Mix JM, et al. (2021) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 30: 30.. This is partly because there is no national mandate in the United States requiring HPV vaccination to attend school. However, some states have implemented their own vaccine requirements. As of 2024, four US states (Hawaii, Rhode Island, Virginia, and the District of Columbia) require the vaccine for entry into secondary schools. Rural areas have very low rates of HPV vaccination among teens, necessitating culturally tailored interventions to increase vaccination in these populations (383)Swiecki-Sikora AL, et al. (2019) J Rural Health, 35: 506. DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12353..
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-05-20): - The most common types of HPV-associated cancer are cervical cancer for women, and oropharyngeal (mouth and pharynx) cancer for men. [...] HPV-associated cancer risk factors - High-risk sexual behaviors, such as early onset of sexual activity and having multiple partners, increase the risk of HPV infection, and therefore of developing HPV-associated cancers.3 - Those with suppressed immune systems (like people who have HIV) also have an increased risk of developing HPV-associated cancer.3 These people have an increased risk of having a persistent HPV infection. [...] References 1HPV and Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2017, from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer 2HPV and Cancer. (2017, March 03). Retrieved June 23, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/statistics/cases.htm 3Wakeham, K., & Kavanagh, K. (2014). The Burden of HPV-Associated Anogenital Cancers. Current Oncology Reports, 16(9). doi:10.1007/s11912-014-0402-4
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2020-01-03): Several risk factors can increase your chance of developing cervical cancer. People without any of these risk factors rarely develop cervical cancer. Although these risk factors can increase the odds of developing cervical cancer, many with these risks do not develop this disease. [...] Some studies have seen a higher risk of cervical cancer in women whose blood tests and cervical mucus showed evidence of past or current chlamydia infection. Certain studies show that the Chlamydia bacteria may help HPV grow and live on in the cervix which may increase the risk of cervical cancer. [...] DES daughters may also be at increased risk of developing squamous cell cancers and pre-cancers of the cervix linked to HPV.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2019-01-03): HPV can cause six types of cancer: These include anal cancer, cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. [...] - Cervical cancer: Virtually all cervical cancer is caused by HPV. Routine screening with an HPV test or Pap test can prevent most cervical cancer by allowing health care providers to find and remove precancerous cells before they develop into cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is most common in rarely or never screened women. Learn about trends in diagnosis and survival rates for cervical cancer. [...] Once high-risk HPV infects cervical cells, it interferes with the ways in which these cells replicate, divide, and communicate with one another, causing infected cells to multiply in an uncontrolled manner. These infected cells are usually recognized and controlled by the immune system. However, sometimes the infected cells remain and continue to grow, eventually forming an area of precancerous cells that, if not treated, can become cancer. Although research has focused on how high-risk HPV causes cancer in the cervix, HPV-caused cancers at other sites are likely to arise through similar mechanisms.
Claim: HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (Pierre Kory, 2024-03-27)
Evidence (2024-03-05): - Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Women living with HIV are 6 times more likely to develop cervical cancer compared to women without HIV. [...] Persistent HPV infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or womb, which opens into the vagina – also called the birth canal) if left untreated, causes 95% of cervical cancers. Typically, it takes 15–20 years for abnormal cells to become cancer, but in women with weakened immune systems, such as untreated HIV, this process can be faster and take 5–10 years. Risk factors for cancer progression include the grade of oncogenicity of the HPV type, immune status, the presence of other sexually transmitted infections, number of births, young age at first pregnancy, hormonal contraceptive use, and smoking. [...] As of 2023, there are 6 HPV vaccines available globally. All protect against the high-risk HPV types 16 and 18, which cause most cervical cancers and have been shown to be safe and effective in preventing HPV infection and cervical cancer.As a priority, HPV vaccines should be given to all girls aged 9–14 years, before they become sexually active. The vaccine may be given as 1 or 2 doses. People with reduced immune systems should ideally receive 2 or 3 doses. Some countries have also chosen to vaccinate boys to further reduce the prevalence of HPV in the community and to prevent cancers in men caused by HPV.