copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Suriname (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-25): 1.1.1.WATER RESOURCES Suriname is rich in hydrologic resources. Its abundance of water is considered "white gold" (Webster, 2001). Annual average rainfall in Suriname is 2,200mm or 355km3/yr in the country's territory. About 50 per cent of Suriname's annual rainfall occurs during the four months of the long wet season, while about 20 per cent occurs during the long dry season. It is considered that evapotranspiration and evaporation losses represent 49 per cent of this precipitation. Internal renewable water resources are about 88km3/yr. Suriname's major rivers flow northward into the Atlantic. In the savannah belt, average annual precipitation rates vary from 1,900 to 2,600mm. The infiltration and percolation of rainwater in this province is high, and the surface runoff is small. Average annual precipitation rates in the coastal plain vary from 1,500 to 2,500mm (Webster, 2001). Suriname has seven major streams draining toward the Atlantic Ocean. The largest are the Marowijne and Corantijn (Courantyne) rivers that form the country's borders, respectively, in the east and the west. These two rivers flow northward and drain almost 58 per cent of the country. The Coppename and the Suriname rivers also flow northward and together drain about 24 per cent of the country.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Suriname (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-01-25): The factory is located in Skeldon, which is a small town in eastern coastal Guyana (within the East Berbice-Corentyne Region), on the estuary of the Courantyne River, which forms Guyana's border with Suriname. The project involved the addition of a more efficient cogeneration plant to the ongoing Skeldon Sugar Modernization Project (SSMP) – a modern sugar factory that manufactures Very High Pol (VHP) raw sugar. The cogeneration plant generates bagasse-based electricity for internal use in the factory and for sale to the Berbice regional grid, which was designed to displace the use of light fuel oil in diesel engine-driven generators operated by the Guyana Power and Light Company. CNTIC Trading Co., Ltd. was the EPC contractor responsible for project implementation. The first loan disbursement was received in March 2005. Construction began in September 2005. CNTIC Trading Co., Ltd. handed over a diesel engine for the project in December 2007. Then, in March 2009, the factory began operations. A formal project completion ceremony took place on August 22, 2009. The Defects Notification Period (Warranty) expired in October 2009 for the punt dumpers and in March 2010 for the remainder of the plant.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Suriname (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-11): Bonded by a resemblant fate, Suriname and Guyana are more than just neighbors divided by the Courantyne River. Once one territory, they lived a similar experience while separated and colonized by the British and Dutch empires.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-21): The Courantyne River (/ˈkɜːrəntaɪn/ KUR-ən-tyne),[1] also known as Corentyne and Corantijn (Dutch: [ˌkoːrɑnˈtɛin] ), is a river in northern South America in Suriname and Guyana. It is the longest river in the country and creates the border between Suriname and the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana. [...] Territorial dispute [edit]Between the upper reaches of the Courantyne, the Upper Courantyne, the Coeroeni and the Koetari rivers lay the controversial Tigri Area claimed by both Suriname and Guyana. The Guyanese–Surinamese border is the Guyanese river bank (the west bank of the river), Suriname regarded the left bank of the Courantyne as a border, but Guyana disputes this and viewed the center of the river as a frontier, based on the Thalweg Doctrine. This conflict, which has been fueled since the colonial era, was solved in 2007 by a verdict by the Hague Arbitration Court, which settles the border between Guyana and Suriname on the left bank of the river, and the river water body belonging to Suriname. The tribunal that defined the maritime boundary between Suriname and Guyana in 2007 confirmed Surinamese sovereignty over the full width of the entire Courantyne River.[5][6] Suriname has control over all ship traffic from the mouth of the Courantyne.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-10-01): Courantyne River between Guyana and Suriname It was taken while I was on a trip to Georgetown, Guyana for work. Decided to take a weekend tour up the Courantyne River and then into the rainforest on the Suriname side to see a waterfall hidden in the mountains there.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-26): Guyana is bounded to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the east by Suriname (along the Courantyne River), to the south and southwest by Brazil, and to the west by Venezuela. As a result of colonial control, Guyana is embroiled in territory disputes with Suriname and Venezuela. The New River Triangle, a 6,000 square mile (15,600 square km) region in southern Guyana between two tributaries of the Courantyne River, is still claimed by Suriname despite a long-standing maritime border dispute between the two countries being resolved by an international tribunal in 2007. The currently acknowledged border between Suriname and Guyana along the Courantyne is also in dispute, Guyana asserts that the thalweg, or deepest channel of the river, is the line, while Suriname claims control over the entire river and regards Suriname's west bank as the border. The British administration claimed sovereignty of the Essequibo River valley in 1895, which is when the conflict between Guyana and Venezuela first arose. Venezuela was given a portion of the region in a settlement from 1899, but in 1962 it claimed all of the land west of the Essequibo.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Satellite map of Courantyne River - In Guyana Map of Courantyne River The Courantyne/Corentyne/Corantijn River is a river in northern South America in Suriname, it is the longest river in the country. The river originates in the Acarai Mountains and flows northward for approximately 724 km (450 mi) between Guyana and Suriname, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean near Corriverton, Guyana and Nieuw Nickerie, Suriname.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-11): The New River (Dutch: Nieuwe Rivier) is a river of South America located in the southeastern region of Guyana. It forms the Western border of the Tigri Area or New River Triangle, a disputed territory that is claimed by both Guyana and Suriname.[1] In 1965, to bolster this territorial claim, the Surinamese government issued a decree to begin referring to the river as the Upper Corantyne River in Suriname.[2] The river rises in the Acarai Mountains and flows, together with the Coeroeni River, to the Courantyne River.[1] The Oronoque River is a major tributary of the New River and within the Tigri Area. It was the location of a skirmish between Guyana Police Force and a Surinamese labor camp, 15 December 1967.[3]
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-27): Administrative divisions 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo [...] Disputes - international all of the area west of the Essequibo River is claimed by Venezuela preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari Rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-04-09): A contrary position was asserted by the Government of the Netherlands in 1961-1962 negotiations, this time giving British Guiana a 33Âº (34Âº was also considered) maritime extension, but with the Dutch retaining control of the New River Triangle. The Corentyne (or "Courantyne") River, the large dividing river between the parties, has, in its entirety, been under consistent Dutch and later Suriname control. The islands in the river are deemed Suriname territory, and local authorities have reportedly prevented Guyanese fishing on the river. Normally a thalweg, or middle point of a navigable channel in a river, forms the boundary between two adjacent countries. However, through inheritance of title, Suriname contends that the land boundary terminus lies on the Guyana bank of the Courantyne River. Today, Suriname contends that the earlier 10Âº prolongation extends throughout the Continental Shelf, Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone and wishes to continue to link the resolution of the New River Triangle to the maritime issues. Guyana argues that a 34Âº prolongation is applicable. The long-standing Guyanese concessions within this "triangle of overlap" signify historic title, as Suriname has effectively relied on their presence since their initial appearance over fifty years ago. The decision to invoke Annex VII of the Law of the Sea Convention is the first time that either country has been willing to arbitrate only one section of the three disputed territories. All previous attempts to settle the dispute intrinsically linked inland territory and maritime zones.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-06): The "Courantyne River" forms the international border between which two countries? Notes: The "Courantyne River" forms the international border between Suriname and Guyana. The Courantyne River is a river in northern South America in Suriname. It is the longest river in the country and creates the border between Suriname and the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana. Its tributaries include Kutari River, Coeroeni River, New River, and Zombie Creek. In Suriname, it includes the Kabalebo River, Lucie River, Sipaliwini River, Kutari River.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Courantyne River river, South America verifiedCite [...] Courantyne River, river in northern South America, rising in the Akarai Mountains and flowing generally northward for 450 miles (700 km) to the Atlantic Ocean near Nieuw Nickerie, Suriname. It divides Suriname and Guyana. Guyana nationals have free navigation on the river but no fishing rights. Small oceangoing vessels drawing 14 feet (4.25 m) or less may ascend 45 miles (72 km) to the first rapids at Orealla. The Courantyne basin, however, remains largely undeveloped, much of it unexplored forest.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-21): Also known as the Courantyne River, the Corantijn is a beautiful river situated in northern South America. The river is quite important in the region covering a length of 450 miles, which spans the countries of Suriname and Guyana. Along with its length, the Corantijn River is vital as it defines the border between one of Guyana’s eastern regions and Suriname. Due to this, the river is often in the news due to boundary disputes between the two countries. Moreover, the Corantijn is also home to a wide range of flora and fauna that are essential for local biodiversity. [...] While the Corantijn is quite an unassuming river at first glance, it holds immense political importance in South America. This is because the river has been a pivotal part of territorial disputes between Suriname and Guyana for many years. Both countries have had differing views on their land boundaries throughout the past few centuries which revolved around this river. While Guyana claimed the center of Corantijn as its boundary, Suriname contested this and claimed the left bank was the boundary. It wasn’t until 2007 that a verdict was finally reached in the Hague Arbitration Court. According to the verdict, Suriname would gain complete control over the entire Suriname River and its left bank would be the border between countries. Since then, disputes have decreased and Suriname controls all ship traffic along the Corantijn River.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-21): The Courantyne River (/ˈkɜːrəntaɪn/ KUR-ən-tyne),[1] also known as Corentyne and Corantijn (Dutch: [ˌkoːrɑnˈtɛin] ), is a river in northern South America in Suriname and Guyana. It is the longest river in the country and creates the border between Suriname and the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana. [...] Between the upper reaches of the Courantyne, the Upper Courantyne, the Coeroeni and the Koetari rivers lay the controversial Tigri Area claimed by both Suriname and Guyana. The Guyanese–Surinamese border is the Guyanese river bank (the west bank of the river), Suriname regarded the left bank of the Courantyne as a border, but Guyana disputes this and viewed the center of the river as a frontier, based on the Thalweg Doctrine. This conflict, which has been fueled since the colonial era, was solved in 2007 by a verdict by the Hague Arbitration Court, which settles the border between Guyana and Suriname on the left bank of the river, and the river water body belonging to Suriname. The tribunal that defined the maritime boundary between Suriname and Guyana in 2007 confirmed Surinamese sovereignty over the full width of the entire Courantyne River.[5][6] Suriname has control over all ship traffic from the mouth of the Courantyne.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-10): Maritime dispute [edit]The maritime boundary has long been disputed between Guyana and Suriname as well, and led in 2000 to skirmishes between Guyanese oil explorers and Surinamese coast guards.[7] Guyana claimed a thalweg boundary of the Courantyne River (probably inspired by the 1962 Dutch position), and a 35° line from the true North, from the mouth of the river. Suriname claimed sovereignty over the full width of the Courantyne and a 10° dividing line. Eventually a five-member tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration was convened under the rules set out in Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which in 2007 set out its own boundary that differed from both parties' claims. The maritime border was finally settled by international arbitration.[8] The tribunal did award sovereignty over the full width of the Courantyne to Suriname, and also awarded Suriname with a 10° territorial sea boundary 6 km (3 nmi) from the shore, according to the 1936 agreement.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-02-22): The Courantyne/Corentyne/Corantijn River is a river in northern South America in Suriname and Guyana. It is the longest river in the country and creates the border between Suriname and the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana. Its tributaries include Kutari River, Coeroeni River, New River, and Zombie Creek. In Suriname; Kabalebo River, Lucie River, Sipaliwini River, Kutari River.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-11): Bonded by a resemblant fate, Suriname and Guyana are more than just neighbors divided by the Courantyne River. Once one territory, they lived a similar experience while separated and colonized by the British and Dutch empires.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-09): Guyana, located in northern South America north of Brazil between Venezuela and Suriname, includes portions of the Orinoco, Amazon, and Courantyne river basins, a majority of the Essequibo River Basin, and all of the Berbice and Demerara river basins. Partly as a consequence of historical and contemporary drainage complexity, Guyana has a remarkably diverse freshwater fish fauna. Here, we compile the first comprehensive list of Guyana's freshwater fishes, totaling some 657 species-level taxa (97 first records, 117 endemics and at least three introduced species), based on photographic records, published reports, and over 145,000 type and non-type specimens in 29 museum collections. The IUCN conservation status for each species is provided. We separately list an additional 151 undocumented species that are possibly or likely present in Guyana based on their adjacent distributions in either the Orinoco River Delta in Venezuela or the Courantyne River in Suriname. The largest holdings of fish specimen vouchers and frozen fish tissues from Guyana are housed at the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto (ROM), Auburn University Museum, Auburn (AUM), University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor (UMMZ), and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP).
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-02-17): The Rupununi wetlands represent a feature related to the dissolution of the proto-Berbice paleodrainage. Through most of the Cenozoic, the proto-Berbice flowed along the southern flank of the Pakaraima mountains emptying at the mouth of the modern Berbice River. It included parts of the modern Orinoco, Branco (including the Takutu), Essequibo (including the Rupununi), Berbice, and Courantyne river systems. During the Pliocene and Pleistocene, rivers such as the Cotinga, Uraricoera, Ireng, and Takutu were captured by the Branco River (a tributary of the Negro-Amazon rivers). Perhaps due to continuing head cutting of the Amazon River and/or the fact that the Rupununi savannas occupy a slowly filling depression that in the early Cretaceous formed the paleo-Lake Maracanta, the Rupununi portal was formed (see Lujan and Armbruster, 2011 for review).
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, by Suriname (along the Courantyne River) to the east, by Brazil to the south and southwest, and by Venezuela to the west. Guyana is involved in territorial disputes with both Suriname and Venezuela that are legacies of colonial rule. Although a United Nations international tribunal settled a long-standing maritime boundary dispute between Guyana and Suriname in 2007, the latter still claims the New River Triangle, a 6,000-square-mile (15,600-square-km) area between two tributaries of the Courantyne River in southern Guyana. The currently recognized border between Suriname and Guyana along the Courantyne is also in contention—Suriname claims sovereignty over the entire river and thus views its west bank as the border, while Guyana claims that the thalweg, or deepest channel of the river, is the boundary. The dispute between Guyana and Venezuela dates from 1895, when the British government claimed ownership of the Essequibo River basin. An 1899 settlement awarded Venezuela part of the area, but in 1962 Venezuela claimed all the territory west of the Essequibo. [...] Guyana’s four main rivers—the Courantyne, Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo—all flow from the south and empty into the Atlantic along the eastern section of the coast. Among the tributaries of the Essequibo, the Potaro, the Mazaruni, and the Cuyuni drain the northwest, and the Rupununi drains the southern savanna. The coast is cut by shorter rivers, including the Pomeroon, the Mahaica, the Mahaicony, and the Abary.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-01-25): The factory is located in Skeldon, which is a small town in eastern coastal Guyana (within the East Berbice-Corentyne Region), on the estuary of the Courantyne River, which forms Guyana's border with Suriname. The project involved the addition of a more efficient cogeneration plant to the ongoing Skeldon Sugar Modernization Project (SSMP) – a modern sugar factory that manufactures Very High Pol (VHP) raw sugar. The cogeneration plant generates bagasse-based electricity for internal use in the factory and for sale to the Berbice regional grid, which was designed to displace the use of light fuel oil in diesel engine-driven generators operated by the Guyana Power and Light Company. CNTIC Trading Co., Ltd. was the EPC contractor responsible for project implementation. The first loan disbursement was received in March 2005. Construction began in September 2005. CNTIC Trading Co., Ltd. handed over a diesel engine for the project in December 2007. Then, in March 2009, the factory began operations. A formal project completion ceremony took place on August 22, 2009. The Defects Notification Period (Warranty) expired in October 2009 for the punt dumpers and in March 2010 for the remainder of the plant.
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-16): In 1936, a Mixed Commission established by the British and Dutch government agreed to award the full width of the Corentyne River to Suriname, as per the 1799 agreement. The territorial sea boundary was deemed to prolongate 10° from Point No. 61, three nautical miles (5.6 km) from the shore. The New River Triangle, however, was completely awarded to Guyana. The treaty putting this agreement into law was never ratified, because of the outbreak of World War II.[4] The Dutch representative Conrad Carel Käyser signed an agreement with British and Brazilian representatives, placing the tri-point junction near the source of the Kutari River.[4] Desiring to put the border issue to a closure before British Guiana would gain independence, the British government restarted negotiations in 1961. The British position asserted "Dutch sovereignty over the Corentyne River, a 10° line dividing the territorial sea, and British control over the New River Triangle."[4] The Netherlands replied with a formal claim to the New River Triangle, but with an additional thalweg boundary in the Corentyne River (the latter position has never been repeated by any Surinamese government). No agreements were made and Guyana became independent with its borders unresolved.[4]
Claim: Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana (Courantyne River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-27): Administrative divisions 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo [...] Guyana-Venezuela: Venezuela claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River and maintains that Guyana does not have jurisdiction to grant concessions in maritime areas off the Essequibo, waters which are potentially rich in hydrocarbon resources; Guyana submitted the dispute to the International Court of Justice in 2018; the ICJ ruled that it had jurisdiction to hear the case in December 2020; in September 2021, Venezuelan officials issued a statement reasserting dominion over three-quarters of Guyana, which Guyana stated was a threat to its sovereignty and territorial integrity; in December 2023, the Venezuelan Government conducted a public referendum asking its citizens to support establishing a state in the disputed territory, granting citizenship to current and future area residents, and rejecting the jurisdiction of the ICJ Guyana-Suriname: Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari Rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne River