copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments (Social media Users, 2024-05-16)
Evidence (2024-05-11): Published : Saturday 11 May 2024 [...] On May 10th 2024 we were treated to a spectacular display of the Aurora Borealis, the likes of which I cannot recall in my lifetime, and across parts of the world where it would typically be very unusual to see it. While many have said it is due to unusual solar activity, an alternative theory suggests it may be related to HAARP experimentation. [...] Furthermore, in early May 2024 a press release was issued notifying of a HAARP experiment taking place between the 8th and 10th of May. The press release allows scientists and enthusiasts to engage with the experiment, and it found its way into a number of communities and publications.
Claim: May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments (Social media Users, 2024-05-16)
Evidence (2024-05-14): Conspiracy theorists on social media have been busy at work peddling their latest conclusion: The magnificent auroras seen over swaths of four different continents over the weekend were caused by a University of Alaska program that studies the ionosphere. Which, of course, is pure nonsense. [...] Conspiracy theorists online are suggesting that the auroras were actually caused by the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), an experiment for studying the ionosphere. As it just so happens, the University of Alaska announced on May 2 that HAARP testing would take place from May 8 to May 10, a fact that theorists interpret as meaning the experiment caused the auroras. [...] HAARP uses a suite of instruments to understand the ionosphere, but conspiracy theorists are most interested in its Ionospheric Research Instrument, which according to the University of Alaska at Fairbanks, "can be used to temporarily excite a limited area of the ionosphere for scientific study." That’s right—scientists actually can create little auroras as they study the ionosphere. But that’s where similarities cease; HAARP isn’t powerful enough to create auroras like those that occur naturally. Honestly, if humans could manufacture light shows as spectacular as those seen this weekend (by everyone but me, if I am to trust social media), someone probably would’ve monetized it by now.
Claim: May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments (Social media Users, 2024-05-16)
Evidence (2024-04-29): A group of University of Houston student researchers were selected to run experiments during the week-long winter campaign of the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) operated by the University of Alaska Fairbanks. [...] HAARP has long been at the forefront of studying the Earth's upper atmosphere. [...] The HAARP facility, located in Gakona, Alaska, offers an array of powerful instruments and antennas capable of emitting radio waves into the ionosphere, stimulating various phenomena that can be observed and studied. By leveraging these resources, students had the chance to contribute to ongoing research efforts while honing their scientific skills.
Claim: May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments (Social media Users, 2024-05-16)
Evidence (2024-05-14): They created artificial auroras in 2013 via ionospheric heating experiments. Experiments get bigger and braver and brasher as time and ambition bound along. [...] https://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/may2024-campaign-notice © 2024 Mimosa Days
Claim: May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments (Social media Users, 2024-05-16)
Evidence (2024-05-16): The High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is a research facility that uses a high-power, high-frequency transmitter to study the physical properties and behavior of the highest point of the atmosphere, the ionosphere. Radio transmissions from HAARP only cause small effects in the ionosphere that last for a brief span of a few seconds. HAARP is incapable of causing the magnitude of aurora effects witnessed in May 2024; evidence shows these effects were caused by mass ejections of magnetized plasma from the Sun. [...] In summary, there is conclusive evidence that the aurora observed around the globe on 10-11 May 2024 was caused by a solar storm that began erupting from the Sun on 8 May 2024. The claims attributing the auroras to HAARP experiments that coincided with this event are simply incorrect. As explained above, not only is HAARP incapable of producing the observed auroras from its limited power output, but the experiments – which were scheduled over a month in advance – were conducted to study space debris, unrelated to auroral effects.
Claim: May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments (Social media Users, 2024-05-16)
Evidence (2024-05-03): 1) The HAARP Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI) transmits only in the frequency range 2.695 to 9.995 MHz,with certain frequencies blocked out as specified in the FCC license for call sign WI2XFX. The emission bandwidth may be up to 46 kHz wide, the actual value depending on the frequency and experiment; [...] 9) Some experiments require the IRI beam to be pointed along or near the local magnetic zenith. This means the beam is pointed parallel or nearly parallel to the local magnetic field lines. The magnetic zenith at the HAARP facility is approximately 75° elevation and 16° east of north; 10) Although the HAARP IRI transmits only in the HF range (see above), the transmissions can and some experiments are designed to generate ELF, SLF, ULF, and VLF emissions in the D/E-regions of the ionosphere. Other experiments may not be designed to generate these low frequency emissions but the emissions are generated as a side effect. Modulated heating of the D/E-region electrons by the HF transmissions in turn modulates the plasma conductivity, which generates a virtual antenna at altitudes between 70 and 85 km. Emissions up to 20 kHz have been demonstrated but most are below a few kilohertz. These low frequency emissions can propagate in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide or by other mechanisms, depending on frequency, and conceivably can travel great distances.
Claim: May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments (Social media Users, 2024-05-16)
Evidence (2024-05-11): A Facebook post claimed that May’s widely seen aurora borealis was caused by a HAARP experiment conducted May 8 to May 10. The HAARP experiment, however, was to find ways to detect orbital debris in space and was not related to the worldwide auroral display, which a powerful geomagnetic storm caused. HAARP can create an artificial aurora, but the energy it creates is not strong enough to produce the display seen during a natural aurora. [...] Email interview, High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program spokesperson Becky Lindsey, May 13, 2024 High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program, Can HAARP Create an Artificial Aurora?, accessed May 13, 2024
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2017-10-08): Globally, there has been a clear increase in certain weather extremes including heat waves and intense rainfall events.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2021-08-09): The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the UN body for assessing the science related to climate change. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to provide political leaders with periodic scientific assessments concerning climate change, its implications and risks, as well as to put forward adaptation and mitigation strategies. In the same year the UN General Assembly endorsed the action by the WMO and UNEP in jointly establishing the IPCC. It has 195 member states. [...] IPCC assessments provide governments, at all levels, with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies. IPCC assessments are a key input into the international negotiations to tackle climate change. IPCC reports are drafted and reviewed in several stages, thus guaranteeing objectivity and transparency. An IPCC assessment report consists of the contributions of the three working groups and a Synthesis Report. The Synthesis Report integrates the findings of the three working group reports and of any special reports prepared in that assessment cycle. [...] Most videos published by the IPCC can be found on our YouTube and Vimeo channels.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2023-03-20): March 20 marked the release of the final installment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), an eight-year long undertaking from the world’s most authoritative scientific body on climate change. Drawing on the findings of 234 scientists on the physical science of climate change, 270 scientists on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability to climate change, and 278 scientists on climate change mitigation, this IPCC synthesis report provides the most comprehensive, best available scientific assessment of climate change. [...] But the IPCC also offers hope, highlighting pathways to avoid these intensifying risks. It identifies readily available, and in some cases, highly cost-effective actions that can be undertaken now to reduce GHG emissions, scale up carbon removal and build resilience. While the window to address the climate crisis is rapidly closing, the IPCC affirms that we can still secure a safe, livable future.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2021-08-09): The sober assessment of our planet's future has been delivered by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of scientists whose findings are endorsed by the world's governments. [...] It is "virtually certain" that hot extremes including heatwaves have become more frequent and more intense since the 1950s, while cold events have become less frequent and less severe [...] There will be an increasing occurrence of some extreme events "unprecedented in the historical record" even at warming of 1.5C
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2024-09-20): Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the objective of the IPCC is to provide governments at all levels with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies. IPCC reports are also a key input into international climate change negotiations. The IPCC is an organization of governments that are members of the United Nations or WMO. The IPCC currently has 195 members. Thousands of people from all over the world contribute to the work of the IPCC. For the assessment reports, experts volunteer their time as IPCC authors to assess the thousands of scientific papers published each year to provide a comprehensive summary of what is known about the drivers of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and how adaptation and mitigation can reduce those risks. An open and transparent review by experts and governments around the world is an essential part of the IPCC process, to ensure an objective and complete assessment and to reflect a diverse range of views and expertise. Through its assessments, the IPCC identifies the strength of scientific agreement in different areas and indicates where further research is needed. The IPCC does not conduct its own research. [...] Find out more in these fact sheets:
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2021-06-29): The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides the world’s most authoritative scientific assessments on climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and risks, and options for cutting emissions and adapting to impacts we can no longer avoid. [...] How the IPCC reaches consensus IPCC authors come from academia, industry, government and non-governmental organisations. All authors go through a rigorous selection process — they must be leading experts in their fields, with a strong publishing record and international reputation.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2020-09-01): The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) collects, reviews, and summarizes the best information on climate change and its impacts, and puts forward possible solutions. The IPCC was created by the United Nations Environment Programme in 1988 and is widely considered the world’s top authority on climate science. Its reports are written for policymakers and scientists, but they are available to everyone. They often provide useful knowledge and data for teachers and journalists, like an encyclopedia. [...] In every IPCC report, scientists lay out the "state of knowledge" on climate change by summarizing current and relevant findings in the field. They find where the scientific community agrees and where further research is needed. The result is a report which contains many years of research collected from thousands of research papers and scientists around the world. One strength of the IPCC reports is that they consider how likely each scientific prediction is to be true based on the collected data. IPCC reports are drafted and reviewed in several stages. It can be a long process, with many rules, changes, and reviewers. Much care is taken to guarantee objectivity and transparency. By rule from the U.N., reports must remain neutral on policies and do not suggest any particular political action. They instead focus on spelling out scientific findings that might help policymakers make decisions. The IPCC cannot tell leaders what to do, only what can be done. This is important because each country involved has its own needs based on its economic or political situation.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2022-02-28): Most videos published by the IPCC can be found on our YouTube channel. Credit for artwork The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the UN body for assessing the science related to climate change. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to provide political leaders with periodic scientific assessments concerning climate change, its implications and risks, as well as to put forward adaptation and mitigation strategies. In the same year the UN General Assembly endorsed the action by the WMO and UNEP in jointly establishing the IPCC. It has 195 member states. [...] IPCC assessments provide governments, at all levels, with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies. IPCC assessments are a key input into the international negotiations to tackle climate change. IPCC reports are drafted and reviewed in several stages, thus guaranteeing objectivity and transparency. An IPCC assessment report consists of the contributions of the three working groups and a Synthesis Report. The Synthesis Report integrates the findings of the three working group reports and of any special reports prepared in that assessment cycle.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2022-03-01): Climate change: Five things we've learned from the IPCC report A new report released this week by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) looks at the causes, impacts and solutions to climate change. [...] Now the IPCC clearly states that the observed impacts of climate change include "widespread adverse impacts and related losses and damages to nature and people."
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2019-09-26): The IPCC is a body of scientists and economists – first convened by the United Nations (UN) in 1988 – which periodically produces summaries of the "scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation". [...] "Temperature rise to date has already resulted in profound alterations to human and natural systems, bringing increases in some types of extreme weather, droughts, floods, sea level rise and biodiversity loss, and causing unprecedented risks to vulnerable persons and populations." [...] High and low extremes in rainfall are also expected to become more frequent, the report says. The largest increases in heavy rainfall events are expected in high-latitude regions, such as Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, northern Europe and northern Asia. Whereas in the Mediterranean region and southern Africa, for example, "increases in drought frequency and magnitude are substantially larger at 2C than at 1.5C".
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2024-08-16): The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the most authoritative international source on the causes and potential consequences of climate change. It was established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Metrological Organization and currently has 195 member countries. The IPCC produces special reports and assessment reports by experts in its member countries who review the existing evidence and research on climate change and identify the strength of scientific agreement. The IPCC First Assessment Report was published in 1990, and it is currently in its sixth assessment cycle, which will produce four reports by March 2023. Most of the reports of the IPCC are prepared by experts who form three working groups on: the physical science basis; impacts, adaptation and vulnerability; and climate change mitigation.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2023-03-23): The main activity of the IPCC is the preparation of reports assessing the state of knowledge of climate change. These include assessment reports, special reports and methodology reports. To deliver this work programme, the IPCC holds meetings of its government representatives, convening as plenary sessions of the Panel or IPCC Working Groups to approve, adopt and accept reports. Plenary Sessions of the IPCC also determine the IPCC work programme, and other business including its budget and outlines of reports. The IPCC Bureau meets regularly to provide guidance to the Panel on scientific and technical aspects of its work. The IPCC organizes scoping meetings of experts and meetings of lead authors to prepare reports. It organizes expert meetings and workshops on various topics to support its work programme, and publishes the proceedings of these meetings. To communicate its findings and explain its work, the IPCC takes part in outreach activities organized by the IPCC or hosted by other organizations, and provides speakers to other conferences. More information on sessions of the IPCC, its Working Groups and the Bureau can be found in the Documentation section.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2022-04-04): The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the UN body for assessing the science related to climate change. It was established by the [...] IPCC assessments provide governments, at all levels, with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies. IPCC assessments are a key input into the international negotiations to tackle climate change. IPCC reports are drafted and reviewed in several stages, thus guaranteeing objectivity and transparency. [...] The IPCC also publishes special reports on more specific issues between assessment reports.
Claim: The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events. (Nigel Lawson, 2017-10-08)
Evidence (2022-05-01): The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for the assessment of climate change. The IPCC reviews and assesses the most recent scientific, technical and socio-economic information produced worldwide relevant to the understanding of climate change. It does not conduct any research nor does it monitor climate related data or parameters. Thousands of scientists from all over the world contribute to the work of the IPCC. Review is an essential part of the IPCC process, to ensure an objective and complete assessment of current information. IPCC aims to reflect a range of views and expertise. During this cycle, the Panel has produced three Special Reports, a Methodology Report on national greenhouse gas inventories and the Sixth Assessment Report. [...] The Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report assesses the impacts of climate change, looking at ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities at global and regional levels. It also reviews vulnerabilities and the capacities and limits of the natural world and human societies to adapt to climate change.