copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-19): Tromelin Island (Île Tromelin) is a low, flat French Island in the Indian Ocean about 500 km (310 mi) north of Réunion and about 450 km (280 mi) east of Madagascar. Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island. [...] Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island despite its absence in the listing of the 8th article of the 1814 Paris Treaty. Indeed, the treaty does not specifically mention all the dependencies of Mauritius, which leads to uncertainty on the sovereignty of Tromelin, and the official text was the most clearly text in French. [...] Tromelin has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 280,000 km2 (108,109 sq mi), contiguous with that of Réunion. The island’s weather station, which warns of cyclones, is still operated by France and is staffed by meteorologists from Réunion.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-04-24): Tromelin Island (/ˌtroʊmlɪn/[citation needed]; French: Île Tromelin, pronounced [il tʁɔmlɛ̃]), once called the Isle of Sand, is a low, flat island in the Indian Ocean about 500 km (310 mi; 270 nmi) north of Réunion and about 450 km (280 mi; 240 nmi) east of Madagascar. Tromelin is part of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean, the fifth district of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island. [...] Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island despite its absence in the listing of the 8th article of the 1814 Treaty of Paris.[19] Indeed, the treaty does not specifically mention all the dependencies of Mauritius, which leads to uncertainty on the sovereignty of Tromelin, and the official text was that written in French. During the British period of Mauritius, France administered the island as a dependency of the region of Réunion and built infrastructure without British protest. France and Mauritius have been negotiating for years in regard to the possible establishment of a condominium over the island. In 2010, Mauritius and France reached an agreement on the co-management of Tromelin, without prejudice to the sovereignty of Mauritius over Tromelin.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-31): Tromelin Island is an island in the Indian Ocean. It is located off the shore of Madagascar and not far from Réunion. The island is an overseas territory of France, but Mauritius claims that the island is theirs.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-26): Tromelin Island is a minor one of the islands of the Indian Ocean, approximately 800 km (500 miles) east of Madagascar and 800 km north of Réunion. It makes up one of the many Scattered islands of the Indian Ocean, which is one of the five administrative districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Understand [edit]Tromelin Island is not open to tourism. It is uninhabited, and serves as a sea tortoise and seabird sanctuary. The only facility on the island is an important meteorological station which gathers data for forecasting cyclones and hurricanes. First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. The island was discovered when the French ship Utile, which was carrying slaves at the time, hit the reefs of the island. The crew got on a floatable raft to make it to Madagascar, while they left 60 slaves on Tromelin Island. 15 years later in 1776, the chevalier de Tromelin (from whom the island takes its name), captain of the French warship La Dauphine, came upon the Island and rescued the slaves that were still alive — seven women and an eight-month-old child. Tromelin Island was occupied by France in 1954 while it was part of Mauritius and it is claimed by Mauritius. Terrain [edit]The terrain on Tromelin Island is sandy, flat, low and is likely volcanic. The island is also surrounded by coral reefs. The Island also has volcanic rock.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Tromelin Island, once called the Isle of Sand, is a low, flat island in the Indian Ocean about 500 km north of Réunion and about 450 km east of Madagascar. Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island. Tromelin has facilities for scientific expeditions and a weather station. It is a nesting site for birds and green sea turtles.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-19): Fifteen years later, a Frenchman named, Bernard Boudin de Tromelin, captained his ship to the island and rescued the only remaining survivors: 7 Malagasy women and an eight-month-old Malagasy child. The remote island remains a French territory and is now named, Tromelin Island, in honor of the rescuer. [...] Information "Tromelin, The Island of Forgotten Slaves" ("Tromelin, l’Île des Esclaves Oubliés")
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Tromelin Island is a low, flat, island in the Indian Ocean, about 350 kilometres (220 mi) east of Madagascar. It is administered as a French overseas territory, as the result of an agreement with the United Kingdom in 1954, but sovereignty is disputed with ownership claimed by both Mauritius and the Seychelles. It has a weather station and is a nesting site for boobies and green sea turtles. Here's the our members favorite photos of "Islands in France". Upload your photo of Tromelin Island!
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-13): Rats had lived on the island, an overseas territory of France, for hundreds of rat generations. The rodents likely arrived in the late 1700s, when a French ship—carrying Malagasy people kidnapped for the slave trade—wrecked there, says Matthieu Le Corre, an ecologist at the University of Reunion Island, a French overseas region off the coast of Madagascar. Tromelin Island was probably home to at least eight different seabird species before the rodents arrived, including hundreds of thousands of frigatebirds, terns, and boobies. But, like on hundreds of other islands around the world, the rats ate their way through those birds’ eggs, eventually decimating the populations. By 2005, when French authorities finally began eradicating the rodents, only two bird species were left: a few hundred pairs of masked and red-footed boobies. [...] On Tromelin Island, which is just one square kilometer, uninhabited save for a small scientific research station, French authorities eradicated the rodents in a month using poisoned bait. [...] Despite the promising start, Tromelin Island’s seabirds still face the same threats that imperil seabirds worldwide: they can be caught accidentally in commercial fisheries, plus overfishing and changing ocean conditions rob them of food. But small as it is, Tromelin Island shows that seabirds are resilient. If people can get rid of invasive predators, island restoration can work—sometimes stunningly.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-11): Note 6: The French Southern and Antarctic Lands includes Île Amsterdam, Île Saint-Paul, Îles Crozet, and Îles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean; the "Iles Eparses" (Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island and Tromelin Island) in the Mozambique Channel and western Indian Ocean; and the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Terre Adélie." The United States does not recognize the French claim to "Terre Adélie" (see note 2).
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-03-06): Territory of French Polynesia [...] Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands [...] Note 5: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion are departments (first-order administrative units) of France, and are therefore not dependencies or areas of special sovereignty. They are included in this list only for the convenience of the user. The Department of Guadeloupe includes the nearby islands of Marie-Galante, La Desirade, and Iles des Saintes, as well as Saint Barthelemy and the northern three-fifths of Saint Martin (the rest of which belongs to Netherlands Antilles). The islands of Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island are administered from Reunion; all these islands are claimed by Madagascar, and Tromelin Island is claimed by Mauritius.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-22): The islet, known today as Tromelin Island, is 300 miles east of Madagascar. The terrain is dry and sandy; only scrub grows there. It lies so low that ships can barely see it until they are on top of it, and visitors say it feels more like being on a raft than on land. With a permanent breeze and the crash of the waves, you can practically feel the ocean beneath your feet. It is a lonely and desolate place. [...] It is interesting to note that France’s social norms — and the sailors’ ability to leave the enslaved people for dead — resembled "Lord of the Flies" far more than the individuals fighting for survival, who organized and cooperated to an impressive degree. "The survivors used the few resources available to survive, then rebuilt a small society with determination, method, and a vital force that must be admired," Guerout writes in his book "Tromelin: Memories of an Island." "In the process, they reclaimed their dignity and humanity, almost in defiance of those who had denied them." [...] This is even more tragic because Tsasiavo was the only one of the 200 enslaved people who stepped onto L’Utile whose name has survived in the history books. Meanwhile, the island came to be known as Tromelin Island, after the captain who led the rescue mission, not after its brave and tenacious inhabitants. Whether the survivors had given their new home a name remains a mystery.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-27): charts, pursuant to article 75, paragraph 2, of the Convention concerning the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of the Éparses Islands, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Tromelin Island, including lines of delimitation [...] - France maritime claims about outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of Tromelin Island and Reunion Island - France maritime claims about French Polynesia, La Réunion Island, Metropolitan territory of France, Wallis and Futuna Islands, Maritime delimitation between France and the Republic of Suriname and Maritime delimitation between France and Antigua and Barbuda - France maritime claims about baselines, the outer limits of the territorial sea and the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of New Caledonia - France maritime claims about exclusive economic zone of Clipperton Island - Lithuania maritime claims about straight baselines as well as the outer limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf - France maritime claims with Jersey, United Kingdom, Crozet archipelago, Saint Paul Island and Amsterdam Island, Kerguelen Islands and Netherlands - Uruguay maritime claims about straight baselines and the outer limit of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone - Norway maritime claims about outer limits of the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone - Kenya maritime claims about straight baselines and outer limits of the exclusive economic zone - Ireland maritime claim about outer limits of
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Tromelin Island: First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station. [...] Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): 15 52 S, 54 25 E [...] Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): total - 1 sq km; land - 1 sq km; water - 0 sq km note: excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-04-21): M.Z.N. 74.2009.LOS of 18 December 2009: Deposit of a list of geographical coordinates of points defining the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of Tromelin Island and Reunion Island [...] M.Z.N.86.2012.LOS of 3 July 2012: Deposit of charts, pursuant to article 75, paragraph 2, of the Convention concerning the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of the Éparses Islands, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Tromelin Island, including lines of delimitation [...] M.Z.N.128.2017.LOS of 25 August 2017: Deposit of a list of geographical coordinates of points pursuant to articles 16, paragraph 2, and 75, paragraph 2, of the Convention, concerning 1) the line of delimitation of the territorial sea, as contained in Decree No. 2004-74 of 15 January 2004 (maritime delimitation between France and Jersey); 2) the outer limits of the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone as contained in the decree No. 2014-1491 of 11 December 2014 (Agreement between the Government of the French Republic and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone) and in decrees No. 2017-366 (Crozet archipelago (French Southern and Antarctic Territories)), 2017-367 (Saint Paul Island and Amsterdam Island (French Southern and Antarctic Territories)) and 2017-368 (Kerguelen Islands (French Southern and Antarctic Territories)), of 20 March 2017; and 3) maritime boundaries as contained in Decree No. 2017-481 of 5 April 2017 (Agreement between the Government of the French Republic and the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning the delimitation of maritime boundaries in the Caribbean).
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-21): French territories in the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte and the French Southern and Antarctic Lands) are located in the southwestern quarter, near the Mozambique Channel. Within this region, Reunion and Mayotte represent 4 percent of the population, but account for 45 percent of gross domestic product. These territories have a dedicated force of 2,000 troops as part of the Armed Forces of the Southern Indian Ocean Zone. In the Kerguelen Islands, France has a satellite monitoring station. In the South Pacific, French territories are in Melanesia (New Caledonia) and Polynesia (French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna). France deploys 2,830 personnel there, stationed in New Caledonia (1,650) and in Tahiti (1,180). Strategically located on the axis linking Reunion to French Polynesia, New Caledonia is the core of the French presence in the region. It has a listening station, and its mining potential is vital for the French and European economies. French Polynesia, where France held nuclear tests on the Mururoa atoll from 1962 to 1996, is just as strategically important. While French territories in the Indo-Pacific are mostly stable, their environment is not. France has to contend with territorial disputes (Comoros on Mayotte, Mauritius on the island of Tromelin and Vanuatu on the islands of Matthews and Hunter), as well as China’s continuous trafficking and military provocations.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-15): Tromelin Island became a safe place for birds once the invasive mammals were eliminated [...] Rats had lived on the island, an overseas territory of France, for hundreds of rat generations. The rodents likely arrived in the late 1700s, when a French ship—carrying Malagasy people kidnapped for the slave trade—wrecked there, says Matthieu Le Corre, an ecologist at the University of Reunion Island, a French overseas region off the coast of Madagascar. Tromelin Island was probably home to at least eight different seabird species before the rodents arrived, including hundreds of thousands of frigatebirds, terns and boobies. But, as on hundreds of other islands around the world, the rats ate their way through those birds’ eggs, eventually decimating the populations. By 2005, when French authorities finally began eradicating the rodents, only two bird species were left: a few hundred pairs of masked and red-footed boobies. [...] On Tromelin Island, which is smaller than one square mile and uninhabited save for a small scientific research station, French authorities eradicated the rodents in a month using poisoned bait.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Discover the remote and uninhabited Tromelin Island, a French territory known for its fascinating history and stunning natural beauty. [...] Tromelin Island was discovered in 1722 by French captain Jean Marie Briand de la Feuillée. The island was named after Chevalier de Tromelin, a French naval officer who would later be associated with the island due to a shipwreck incident. [...] In the contemporary era, Tromelin Island is mostly uninhabited, except for meteorological station staff and occasional researchers. Conservation has been a primary focus, given the island’s role as a nesting site for green turtles and its hosting of unique bird species. Notably, France and Mauritius have been in discussions over the sovereignty of Tromelin Island. While a co-management agreement was signed in 2010, it has yet to be ratified, leaving the island’s status in a state of limbo. Despite these disputes, the shared commitment to preserving the island’s ecological significance remains a priority for both nations.
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-09-12): Tromelin Island, Tromelin Island 25°C [...] Tromelin Island, Tromelin Island Weather [...] WorldOceaniaFrench Southern TerritoriesTromelin IslandTromelin Island
Claim: Tromelin Island is a territory of France (Tromelin Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-12-01): Ile Tromelin, French Southern Territories (TF) Small airport [...] Tromelin Island Airstrip Reviews (0)
Claim: Wadi Halfa is a territory of Sudan (Wadi Halfa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): A river monitoring station functioned in Wadi Halfa between 1911 and 1931, to monitor changes associated with the Aswan reservoir, but from 1931 to 1962 it was moved to Kajnarty, 47 kilometres to the north of the town.[16] A railroad hotel was built in the town during the 20th century, and during World War II, Wadi Halfa was a communications post for Allied forces in Africa. By 1956, the town had grown to a population of 11,000.[10] On 8 November 1959, the signing of the Sudanese-UAR Nile Water Agreement brought the area into much debate. This was because the agreement to flood the area upon the creation of the Aswan Dam would directly affect some 52,000 people in the area who would have to be resettled over a four-year period from 1960.[2] Worst affected were the Nubians who demonstrated in Wadi Halfa on 23–24 October 1960 against being resettled. Subsequently, on 26 October demonstrations took place in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, which had to be dispersed by police using tear gas.[2] The government was quick to suppress the agitation, placing Wadi Halfa under martial law and terminating communications with the rest of the country.
Claim: Wadi Halfa is a territory of Sudan (Wadi Halfa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-11): Wadi Halfa is a located in the northern region of Sudan, on the banks of Lake Nubia. It has a long and rich history dating back to ancient times. Here’s a brief overview of the history of Wadi Halfa: [...] Colonial period: During the colonial period, Wadi Halfa became an important center for trade and transportation. It was a major port on the Nile River and was used as a staging point for expeditions into the Sudanese interior. Independence: Sudan gained independence from Britain in 1956, and Wadi Halfa became an important center for trade and transportation in the new nation. It was also a key strategic location during the civil war that took place in Sudan in the 1980s and 1990s.
Claim: Wadi Halfa is a territory of Sudan (Wadi Halfa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-22): Sudan borders Egypt to the south, with both countries having a coastline along the Red Sea. The two countries share a 1,276 kilometers long border that runs eastwards from Gabal El Uweinat, a tripod area on the Sudanese-Egyptian-Libyan border, along the 22nd parallel north. The border follows a straight line from the tripod to Lake Nasser then briefly detours northward to form a salient known as "Wadi Halfa." From the salient, the border returns to its course on the 22nd parallel and proceeds to the Red Sea, terminating near Ras Hadarba (Cape Elba). This long border between the two countries is, however, not free of disputes. The two disputed areas along their borders are Halayib Triangle and Bir Tawil. [...] According to Sudan, its border with Egypt follows the 22nd parallel for about 183 kilometers from the Wadi Halfa salient, then shifts south, leaving Bir Tawil on the Egyptian side. It then proceeds northeastwards, leaving Hala’ib Triangle within the Sudanese territory. However, Egypt insists the border follows the 22nd parallel from the salient to Cape Elba, leaving the Triangle within Egypt. The triangular region is suspected to contain rich natural resources, with both countries interested in exploring it for oil and gas reserves. Although it ceded its control to Egypt, Sudan insists the area is its territory, and the people inhabiting the region are ethnically Sudanese. Besides the Hala’ib Triangle, there is also the Bir Tawil’s issue.
Claim: Wadi Halfa is a territory of Sudan (Wadi Halfa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-28): History [edit]Egypt, though nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, had acquired a large degree of autonomy under Muhammad Ali following the Second Egyptian-Ottoman War of 1839–1841.[3] In 1882 the British occupied Egypt, effectively establishing a protectorate (formally declared only in 1914).[3][2] Egypt's traditional claim to Sudan was maintained, and following a war against Mahdist forces in 1890s, the British conquered Sudan and created Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in January 1899 as a condominium state, divided from Egypt along the 22nd parallel.[4][3][2] The Wadi Halfa salient was added to Sudan on 26 March 1899 in order place a rail terminus from Khartoum under Sudanese control.[2] A further agreement of 1902 created an 'administrative boundary' in the east in order to facilitate the administration of various nomadic peoples, thereby creating the Bir Tawil region (to Egypt) and the Halayib triangle (to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan).[3][2]
Claim: Wadi Halfa is a territory of Sudan (Wadi Halfa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-02-15): Sudan, Part 1: Wadi Halfa, Entrance to the Sudanese Sahara — Sudan — 6 min read 7 - 9 June 2011 [...] This first photostory documents my entrance into Sudan at Wadi Halfa, a port town on the southern reaches of Lake Nubia (Lake Nasser in Egypt). [...] The town of Wadi Halfa, or actually New Halfa, because the original Wadi Halfa got submerged when the Aswan Dam was built. Under pressure from Egypt, the Sudanese government in the 1960s forcibly moved the residents of the old town to this new location and built them a small dam to encourage them to resettle and get into agriculture. Well, that all dried up and the current town is a ghost of its former self.