copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-09-20): On July 4, 1938, the Ley Orgánica de las Dependencias Federales was passed under the government of Eleazar López Contreras, which completely regulated the situation of the islands. The United Kingdom wanted Isla de Patos, but on February 26, 1942, it was resolved by delimiting the soil and subsoil of the Gulf of Paria. The Archipelago of Los Monjes, which Venezuela integrated as part of its territory, was the subject of controversy but in 1952 the Colombian Foreign Minister recognised Venezuelan sovereignty over the territory through a diplomatic note and in 1992 the Colombian government stated that it would not claim the territory. On August 23, 1972, the Bird Island was declared a national Wildlife Refuge. On June 2, 1978, the "Simón Bolívar" Naval Scientific Base was created on Aves Island. That same year, an attempt was made in the Chamber of Deputies of the then National Congress to approve a bill for the creation of the Caribbean Archipelago Territory, but this proposal could not be carried out because it was against some provisions of the 1961 Venezuelan Constitution. [...] Dependencias Federales stretch for 900 km (560 mi) along the coast from Archipiélago Los Monjes in the west at the Gulf of Venezuela to Isla de Patos southeast of Isla Margarita at the Gulf of Paria in the east.
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-16): A speedier result was achieved in the case of Gowen and Copeland.67 Two US nationals discovered guano deposits in the uninhabited Los Monjes archipelago, which they began exploiting in 1854. Then, another company obtained a lease from Venezuela, which expelled the US operators and seized their assets. The operators entered a sublease with the rival company to continue working the deposit for 15 months, whereupon they would relinquish their assets to the company.
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-01-01): Leeward Antilles: Southwestern island chain of the Lesser Antilles, sometimes also referred to as southern Caribbean Islands: Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and the Venezuelean islands Los Monjes Archipelago, La Tortuga, La Sola, Los Testigos, Los Frailes, Patos, Los Roques Archipelago, La Blanquilla, Los Hermanos, La Orchilla, Las Aves Archipelago, Isla Margarita, Coche, Cubagua.
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Los Roques archipelago, famous for its bird and marine species, was made a national park in 1972. El Avila National Park (1958) is popular among hikers and campers from the Caracas area; including Naiguatá Peak and other formations in the Coastal Range, the park supports…
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): MapBiomas Venezuela is a network that brings together experts in satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems, ecology and programming from NGOs, universities and research centers, who work collaboratively to generate and share, publicly and free of charge, accurate and updated information on the transformation of the Venezuelan territory. We produce historical series of maps of land cover and land use and water surface, dating back to 1985, covering all of Venezuela (with the exception of the Los Monjes Archipelago, Isla de Aves and the state of Guayana Esequiba).
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-13): Los Monjes Archipelago (Archipiélago Los Monjes): The Los Monjes Archipelago is a series of 24 rocky islets located north of the Gulf of Venezuela. It is notable for its ecological importance and marine biodiversity. Los Hermanos Archipelago (Archipiélago Los Hermanos): Los Hermanos Archipelago comprises a chain of eight rocky, barren islets off the northern coast of Venezuela in the Caribbean Sea, part of the Lesser Antilles. [...] Los Frailes Archipelago (Archipiélago Los Frailes): The Los Frailes Archipelago is a group of ten islands located about 250 km (155 mi) north of the coast of Venezuela. The islands are uninhabited and are a protected area for seabirds.
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The MapBiomas Venezuela Collections are historical series of annual maps that cover a certain period of time, and that expand across the entire Venezuelan territory (except for the Los Monjes Archipelago, Isla de Aves and Guayana Esequiba - Reclamation Area subject to the Geneva Agreement of February 17, 1966). For example, MapBiomas Venezuela Collection 1.0 of annual land cover and land use maps corresponds to the period 1985-2022.
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-20): The United Kingdom wanted the Isla de Patos, but on February 26, 1942, it was resolved by the delimitation of the soil and subsoil of the Gulf of Paria. The Los Monjes Archipelago, which Venezuela integrated as part of its territory, was the object of controversy, but in 1952, the Colombian Foreign Minister recognized Venezuelan sovereignty over the territory through a diplomatic note and in 1992, the Colombian government affirmed that it would not claim the territory. In October 2011, a new decree was approved as an organic law for the Federal Dependencies and island territories. With this, the Insular Territory Francisco de Miranda grouped Los Roques, La Orchila, Isla de Aves and Las Aves in the same entity. [...] The Archipelago of Los Roques is one of the biggest tourist attractions of the country with a variety of beaches and cays that are visited by tourists from all over the world.
Claim: Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia (Los Monjes Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2000-01-01): Venezuela administers a number of Caribbean islands and archipelagos, among which are Margarita Island, La Blanquilla, La Tortuga, Los Roques, and Los Monjes. Since the early 19th century Venezuela has claimed jurisdiction over Guyanese territory west of the Essequibo River totaling some 53,000 square miles (137,000 square km)—nearly two-thirds of the land area of Guyana. Venezuela also has had a long dispute with Colombia over the delimitation of maritime boundaries in the Gulf of Venezuela and around the archipelago of Los Monjes.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-31): KaNgwane (Swazi: [kaˈŋɡwanɛ]) was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government to be a semi-independent homeland for the Swazi people. It was called the "Swazi Territorial Authority" from 1976 to 1977. In September 1977 it was renamed KaNgwane and received a legislative assembly. After a temporary suspension of its homeland status during 1982, the legislative assembly was restored in December 1982. KaNgwane was granted nominal self-rule in August 1984. Its capital was at Louieville. It was the least populous of the ten homelands, with an estimated 183,000 inhabitants. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own[3] but flew the national flag of South Africa.[4] [...] KaNgwane ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 when the Interim Constitution dissolved the homelands and created new provinces. Its territory became part of the province of Mpumalanga. [...] - ^ "KaNgwane (South African homeland)".
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-29): It is not surprising, therefore, that anti-apartheid activists criticised the homeland leaders describing them as stooges and sell-outs. However, recent scholarship has challenged this assumption by demonstrating that the Bantustan leaders did have a degree of autonomy and some of them used this to help the liberation struggle. This was particularly true of Enos Mabuza, Chief Minister of the Swazi homeland of KaNgwane. Mabuza, working with another renegade Bantustan leader, KwaZulu Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi, was forthright in his refusal to accept ‘full independence’ for KaNgwane and also successfully challenged an attempt by Pretoria to cede parts of their territories to Swaziland in the South African Supreme Court. In addition to this, Mabuza also met the leaders of the banned African National Congress (ANC) in exile in Zambia in 1986.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-07-30): The South African government was to grant self-government to KaNgwane. This move was seen as confirmation that it had finally abandoned its land deal with Swaziland, of which KaNgwane was to have been part. South Africa and Swaziland were not new to conflicting claims about land. In September 1982, the Appeal Court in Bloemfontein ruled that the Presidential Proclamation issued in June 1982, claiming to restore Ingwavuma, in then-named Natal, to South African jurisdiction, was null and void since the State President had acted improperly. The territory in question was formally designated in 1977 with the name of AmaSwazi, and its destination was to be transferred to Swaziland. Later, this attempt failed after popular protests in 1982 and was dissolved. Two years later, the homeland was recreated and renamed KaNgwane. Subsequently, it was announced that a Commission under the chairmanship of Judge Frans Rumpff, would be appointed to investigate and report on conflicting claims between KwaZulu and Swaziland. O’Malley, P. ‘1982’, from Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory, [online], available at www.sahistory.org.za (Accessed: 22 July 2013)|South African History Online, ‘The Appeal Court in Bloemfontein restores Ingwavuma to South Africa’, [online], available at www.sahistory.org.za (Accessed: 23 July 2013)|Berry, B. (2007), ‘KaNgwane (South African homeland)’, from CRW Flags, [online], available at www.sahistory.org.za (Accessed: 23 July 2013)
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): KaNgwane, former nonindependent Bantustan, eastern Transvaal, South Africa. It was created as a homeland for those Swazi people not residing in Swaziland. KaNgwane (and the independent nation of Swaziland) was the traditional homeland of the Swazi, who were organized into a kingdom in the early 1800s. In 1895 the territory of KaNgwane was taken over by the Boer South African Republic (later the Crown Colony of the Transvaal). Under the apartheid system, it was designated as the Bantustan for Swazi people in 1977. KaNgwane was one of the smallest of the Bantustans and occupied mostly highveld land. It consisted of two separate land units. The main portion formed a narrow strip along the western and northern border of Swaziland; and a smaller exclave lay immediately to the north. The capital was Louieville. Under the South African constitution that abolished the apartheid system, KaNgwane was dissolved and reincorporated into South Africa as part of the Eastern Transvaal (now Mpumalanga) province in 1994.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-03-16): KaNgwane was the Homeland of the Swazi people living in South Africa. It was situated along the border with Swaziland, and its capital was at Louieville. In 1984, it was granted self-governance. In 1994 it was reintegrated into South Africa, like the other nine homelands, and it became part of the Mpumalanga Province.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-08-14): KaNgwane is among the 10 homelands that were created to rid South Africa of its Black citizens; this was carried out in terms of the Bantustan policy. The policy assigned every Black South African to a 'homeland' according to their ethnic identity. KaNgwane was the homeland of the Swazi people living in South Africa. It was situated along the border with Swaziland, and its capital was at Louieville. Kangwane was granted self-governance on 31 August 1984. In 1994 it was reintegrated into South Africa, like the other nine homelands, and it became part of the Mpumalanga Province.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-09-18): KaNgwane (Swazi: [kaˈŋɡwanɛ]) was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government to be a semi-independent homeland for the Swazi people. It was called the "Swazi Territorial Authority" from 1976 to 1977. In September 1977 it was renamed KaNgwane and received a legislative assembly. After a temporary suspension of its homeland status during 1982, the legislative assembly was restored in December 1982. KaNgwane was granted nominal self-rule in August 1984. Its capital was at Louieville. It was the least populous of the ten homelands, with an estimated 183,000 inhabitants. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own[3] but flew the national flag of South Africa.[4] [...] KaNgwane ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 when the Interim Constitution dissolved the homelands and created new provinces. Its territory became part of the province of Mpumalanga. [...] After some time without responding at all to the intensified mobilisation, the government of South Africa found another way to force independence on KaNgwane: it announced the incorporation of KaNgwane territory and Ingwavuma region of the then ‘homeland’ of KwaZulu into the Kingdom of Swaziland, the so-called land deal between the government of the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-27): With the passing of the Bantu Authorities Act in 1951, the apartheid state set in motion the creation of ten bantustans, one of South Africa’s most infamous projects of racial ordering. Also known as "homelands" in official parlance, the bantustans were set up in an attempt to legitimize the apartheid project and to deprive black South Africans of their citizenship by creating ten parallel "countries", corresponding to state designated ethnic group. The bantustan project was controversial and developed slowly, first by consolidating "native" reserve land and later by giving these territories increasing power for self-governance. By the 1980s there were four "independent" bantustans (Transkei, Ciskei, Venda, and Bophuthatswana) and six "self-governing" ones (Lebowa, Gazankulu, KwaNdebele, Qwaqwa, KaNgwane, and KwaZulu).
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-07-07): The majority of its inhabitants were Swazis. The name KaNgwane means the place of the Ngwane, a major tribe of the Swazis whose Chief had that name. KaNgwane was granted internal self-government on 31 August 1984. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own and flew the then national flag of South
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-03-01): Developing KaNgwane: Geographies of Segregation and Integration in the New South Africa @article{King2007DevelopingKG, title={Developing KaNgwane: Geographies of Segregation and Integration in the New South Africa}, author={Brian King}, journal={The Geographical Journal}, year={2007}, volume={173}, pages={13-25}, url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27828616} [...] Spaces of change: Tribal authorities in the former KaNgwane homeland, South Africa [...] Placing Kangwane In The New South Africa*
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The KaNgwane Police Force was issued a very distinctive "giraffe" camouflage pattern featuring large reddish-brown and grass green spots on a sandy background. The pattern is similar to that worn by South Africa - Lebowa. KaNgwane was a tribal homeland in the eastern region of Republic of South Africa from 1981 until 1994. It was formerly called the "Swazi Territory," and was set aside for Swazi-speaking people, and granted nominal self-rule in 1981. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own and flew the national flag of South Africa. KaNgwane was reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, becoming part of the provinces of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal. Although KaNgwane never organized a full-fledged Defense Force as did many of the other homelands, the Police force was fully-trained for domestic law enforcement and counter-insurgency operations. [...] South African Kangwane Giraffe Police CAMO Unisex Athletic Long Shorts
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-01-01): KaNgwane proclaimed a self-governing territory. [...] The government is to grant self-government to KaNgwane. This is seen as confirmation that it has finally abandoned its land deal with Swaziland, of which KaNgwane was to have been a part. [...] South Africa declared the black homeland of Kangwane on the Swaziland border a self-governing territory. The Swazi Council of Chiefs of South Africa, which backs a controversial plan to incorporate Kangwane into Swaziland, warned of possible bloodshed in the territory if it is granted independence.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): - ^ a b KwaNdebele was established as a self-governing territory within the Republic with effect from 1 April 1981 in accordance with the provisions of the National States Constitution Act, 1971 (Act 21 of 1971), by Proclamation No. R.60 in SA Government Gazette No. 7499 of 20 March 1981. [...] - ^ The KaNgwane Legislative Assembly was established with effect from 1 October 1977 by Proclamation No. R. 214 in SA Government Gazette No. 5742 of 16 September 1977. Called the KaNgwane Constitution Proclamation, 1977. The KaNgwane Government departments were established by Proclamation No. R.215 in SA Government Gazette No. 5742 of 16 September 1977. - ^ a b KaNgwane was established as a self-governing territory within the Republic in accordance with the provisions of the National States Constitution Act 21 of 1971, by Proclamation No. R.148 in SA Government Gazette No. 9408 of 31 August 1984 with immediate effect.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-14): South Africa - Ka Ngwane KaNgwane was a tribal homeland in the eastern region of Republic of South Africa from 1981 until 1994.[1] It was formerly called the "Swazi Territory," and was set aside for Swazi-speaking people, and granted nominal self-rule in 1981. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own and flew the national flag of South Africa. KaNgwane was reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, becoming part of the provinces of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-01-26): KaNgwane Legislative Assembly was established with effect from 1 October 1977 by Proclamation R. 214 in SA Government Gazette No. 5742 of 16 September 1977. Called the KaNgwane Constitution Proclamation. 1977. The KaNgwane Government departments were established by No. R.215 in SA Government Gazette No. 5742 of 16 September 1977. KaNgwane was proclaimed a self governing territory within the Republic of South Africa In accordance with the provisions of the Natlonal States Constitution Act 21 of 1971, wth effect from 31 August 1984, by Proclamation No. 148 in SA Government Gazette No. 9408 of 31 August 1984.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-08-09): Not much is officially remembered about KaNgwane – the ‘bantustan’ in which the apartheid vision of ‘separate development’ saw Africans designated ‘Swazi’ dumped on the least hospitable tracts of non-contiguous land in the eastern Transvaal lowveld. And there remains to date little to no detailed research and writing on the history of the former homeland.Footnote 2 Amongst the smallest, and the last to be declared ‘self-governing’, KaNgwane was born out of the political machinations of the apartheid state's so-called homelands policy. [...] This narrative combines the surface flotation (rather than deep habitation) of borderland politics with the construction of the urban as political and the rural as its apolitical other (politics flowing from one to the other). In this way it offers a mapping of the political and the spatial in the same moment as it memorializes a history of politics that is recovered and elided. Thus memory work is deeply implicated in narrativizing historicized subjectivities of space. The mnemonic practices that spatialize imaginations of what ‘the political’ is, and indeed where and how it is located, suggest the important ways in which memory work produces space, as much as narrates it. KaNgwane only exists in the imaginaries that memorialize it, and are disrupted as much as produced in that location – in defining its political nature, and in denying it.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-12-22): Kangwane 3,720 716 160 68 86 190 [...] Kangwane's 3,720 square kilometers?slightly larger than Rhode Island?makes it one of the smallest of South Africa's homelands. Kangwane's predominately [...] Movement?a Kangwane political party?Mabuza defeated the territory's Chief
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-08-15): And this:KaNgwane was created on 8 October 1977 as AmaSwazi, under the leadership of chief councillor Enos Mabuza. Its homeland status was suspended from June to December 1982, as South Africa tried to negotiate its incorporation into Swaziland. But popular protest frustrated the plan (the South African regime was always happy to listen to what its less privileged citizens had to say, you'll remember), and AmaSwazi was restored. Swaziland has pressured Pretoria for the return of Swazi-occupied areas of South Africa since the 1960s. In 1982 Pretoria agreed, but that decision was reversed by the South African Supreme Court. KaNgwane was carved out of land adjacent to Swaziland during the 1960s and was declared a "self-governing" territory with a population of about 400,000 in 1984. KaNgwane's Chief Minister Enos Mabuza tried to build an agricultural and industrial economy in the small, segmented territory, and he became the first homeland leader to grant full trade union rights to workers in his jurisdiction. Mabuza also led the fight against the incorporation of KaNgwane into Swaziland. During the late 1980s, he clashed with Pretoria by expressing strong support for the ANC, although many KaNgwane residents remained uninvolved in South African politics. I thought that since Mabuza was the main factor preventing the Swazi annexation of KaNgwane, if a more "predictable" (A pro-ANC and union leader is probably not what Pretoria wanted) leader had been appointed, could KaNgwane been annexed? And if it had, the following questions arise: