copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): During World War II, ROC leader Chiang Kai-shek meets with U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Cairo. After the conclusion of the conference, the Cairo Declaration is released, stating that "…Formosa [Taiwan], and the Pescadores [the Penghu Islands], shall be restored to the Republic of China…" [...] After World War II, ROC government representatives accept the surrender of Japanese forces in Taiwan. The Chief Executive of Taiwan Province Chen Yi sends a memorandum to the Japanese governor-general of Taiwan, stating that "As the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province of the ROC, …I restore all legal territory, people, administration, political, economic, and cultural facilities and assets of Taiwan [including the Penghu Islands]." [...] Following the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty with Japan signed by 48 Allied nations on behalf of the United Nations, the Treaty of Peace is signed between the ROC and Japan at Taipei Guest House, formally ending the state of war between the two parties. It is recognized that under Article 2 of the San Francisco Treaty, Japan has renounced all right, title, and claim to Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores) as well as the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands. All treaties, conventions and agreements concluded before Dec. 9, 1941, between China and Japan become null and void as a consequence of the war.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-18): The South China Sea Islands are part of the territory of the Republic of China. That the ROC is entitled to all rights over the South China Sea Islands and their relevant waters in accordance with international law and the law of the sea is beyond dispute. [...] The government will firmly safeguard the ROC’s territorial sovereignty in the South China Sea, as well as the rights over relevant waters it is entitled to under international law and the law of the sea. It will not renounce its sovereignty or legal rights. Not only is Taiping Island part of ROC territory, it is also an important base from which Taiwan makes concrete contributions to regional peace and stability. On July 19, 2016, President Tsai Ing-wen put forth four principles and five actions pertaining to issues in the South China Sea.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2005-06-10): The electors of the free area of the Republic of China shall cast ballots at a referendum within three months of the expiration of a six-month period following the public announcement of a proposal passed by the Legislative Yuan on the amendment of the Constitution or alteration of the national territory. The provisions of Article 4 and Article 174 of the Constitution shall not apply. [...] The territory of the Republic of China, defined by its existing national boundaries, shall not be altered unless initiated upon the proposal of one-fourth of the total members of the Legislative Yuan, passed by at least three-fourths of the members present at a meeting attended by at least three-fourths of the total members of the Legislative Yuan, and sanctioned by electors in the free area of the Republic of China at a referendum held upon expiration of a six-month period of public announcement of the proposal, wherein the number of valid votes in favor exceeds one-half of the total number of electors. [...] The State shall, in accordance with the will of the ethnic groups, safeguard the status and political participation of the aborigines. The State shall also guarantee and provide assistance and encouragement for aboriginal education, culture, transportation, water conservation, health and medical care, economic activity, land, and social welfare, measures for which shall be established by law. The same protection and assistance shall be given to the people of the Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu areas.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-09): 1) The breadth of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China shall be twelve nautical miles. This provision applies to all territories of the People's Republic of China, including the Chinese mainland and its coastal islands, as well as Taiwan and its surrounding islands, the Penghu Islands and all other islands belonging to China which are separated from the mainland and its coastal islands by the high seas. [...] 4) The principles provided in paragraphs 2) and 3) likewise apply to Taiwan and its surrounding islands, the Penghu Islands, the Tungsha Islands, and Hsisha Islands, the Chungsha Islands, the Nansha Islands, and all other islands belonging to China. The Taiwan and Penghu areas are still occupied by the United States by armed force. This is unlawful encroachment on the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the People's Republic of China.Taiwan, Penghu and such other areas are yet to be recovered, and the Government of the People's Republic of China has the right to recover these areas by all suitable means at a suitable time.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-28): Around 610 AD (during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui), residents in coastal areas of the mainland began to migrate to Penghu. Later in the middle of the 12th century, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) put Penghu under the administration of Jinjiang county, Quanzhou of Fujian, and sent troops to guard the territory. In 1335 AD, the government of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) officially set Penghu Xunjiansi, an agency of local administration and inspection under Tong’an county (now Xiamen) of Fujian's Quanzhou, to deal with civil affairs in Penghu and Taiwan. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, mainland residents along the coastal areas began to move to Taiwan for land reclamation. The migration’s frequency and scale gradually increased during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). [...] At the ceremony, the representative of China accepting the surrender announced on behalf of the Chinese government that Taiwan and the Penghu Islands were officially again incorporated into the territory of China, and all land, people and administration were put under Chinese sovereignty from that day. With great joy, Taiwan compatriots celebrated its return to the motherland.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-03-08): PROTOCOL OF ACCESSION OF THE SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU [...] AN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU [...] Separate Customs Territory Advisory Centre on WTO of Taiwan, Penghu, Law
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-01-07): Dumping (China, The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu [Chinese Taipei], India and South Korea) [...] in coils or cut lengths, in thicknesses up to 0.168 in. (4.267 mm) and widths up to 72 inch (1,828.8 mm) with all dimensions being plus or minus allowable tolerances contained in the applicable standards, chemically passivated, originating in or exported from the People’s Republic of China, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), the Republic of India, and the Republic of Korea and excluding: [...] Country of origin or export: China, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), India and South Korea
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-08): The Free Area of the Republic of China or simply Taiwan Area is the term used to refer to territories that are not under the control of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-07-18): At the series of meetings in Cairo, Roosevelt outlined his vision for postwar Asia. He wanted to establish the Republic of China as one of his "Four Policemen." This concept referred to a vision for a cooperative world order in which a dominant power in each major region would be responsible for keeping the peace there. Weak as the Republic of China would inevitably be after the war, it would still be the major power in Asia, and it could help prevent renewed Japanese expansionism and oversee decolonization under a trustee system. Roosevelt hoped to prevent the British and the Russians from using postwar instability to increase their presence in Asia, and he advocated for Indochina to be established as a trusteeship instead of returned to France after the Japanese defeat. To secure this future, he sought a commitment from Chiang Kai-shek that China would not try to expand across the continent or control decolonizing nations, and in return, he offered a guarantee that the territories stolen from China by Japan - including Manchuria, the island of Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands - would be returned to Chinese sovereignty.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-21): ទំព័រវេបសាយនេះត្រូវការ JavaScript ដើម្បីដំណើរការប្រើប្រាស់បានល្អ។ សូមបើក JavaScript នៅក្នុងការកំណត់របស់អ្នកក្នុងក 中華民國常駐世界貿易組織代表團
Claim: Penghu is a territory of Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-09): The past year saw yet more heated debate over definitions of what "one China" means. Beijing asserts that there is widespread international acceptance of and agreement with its "one China principle," which sees Taiwan as part of a Chinese state represented by the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The PRC accuses the United States of departing from what it claims is Washington’s long-standing acceptance of the PRC position, given U.S. efforts to improve cooperation and contact with Taipei. In reality, the United States’ "one China policy" states that Washington does not take a position on Taiwan’s sovereignty and merely "acknowledges" the existence of a Chinese position even as Washington officially recognizes the PRC as the government of China. The United States reserved the right to maintain unofficial relations with Taiwan as it sees fit. Taipei’s official position is that it is already independent as the Republic of China (Taiwan), whose jurisdiction covers Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other outlying islands.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-20): Political dispute [edit]Despite the controversy over the political status of Taiwan, both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China agree that Penghu is a county in (their own respective) "Taiwan Province" (Taiwan Province, Republic of China and Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China). Yet, geographically, the island of Taiwan does not include Penghu, although it is closer to Taiwan than mainland China. Thus, Penghu is listed separately from "Taiwan" in some contexts, e.g. the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu (the official WTO name for the Republic of China) and in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Cairo Declaration, and the Treaty of San Francisco.[53][54][55]
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-18): Taiwan’s offshore islands are some of my favourite parts of Taiwan, and I finally managed to find my way to Penghu 澎湖. Penghu actually refers to not a single island, but Taiwan’s largest clusters of islands located off its west coast. I visited solo and put together a little Penghu Islands guide for anyone else planning to visit soon. [...] Penghu is made up of many islands, some of the main ones to note: [...] Penghu Fireworks Festival 澎湖花火節
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The defeated republican government fled to Taiwan in 1949 after losing a civil war with Mao Zedong's communists. The Republic of China remains Taiwan's formal name. [...] "The Taiwan Affairs Office's remarks have made Taiwan's people see clearly that the Chinese communists regard themselves as the sole legitimate government of China and simply do not allow any room for the survival of the Republic of China," it said.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): This incident marks a continuation of heightened Chinese military operations around Taiwan. Since the beginning of October alone, China has sent a total of 68 military aircraft and 31 naval vessels near Taiwan. [...] People's Liberation Army (PLA), nine crossed the median line of the Taiwan Strait, entering Taiwan's northern, central, southwestern, and eastern Air Defence Identification Zones (ADIZ), according to the MND's statement. [...] He argued that the Republic of China (ROC), established before the PRC, holds sovereign rights over Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu. Lai's comments underscore Taiwan's stance on its independence and sovereignty, further escalating the rhetoric in its ongoing dispute with Beijing.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Out of the 12 aircraft belonging to the People's Liberation Army (PLA), nine crossed the median line of the Taiwan Strait and entered Taiwan's northern, central, southwestern and eastern Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ), according to Taiwan MND statement. [...] Earlier on October 4, Taiwan's President William Lai stated that the People's Republic of China (PRC) cannot be considered the "Motherland" of the people of Taiwan. [...] William Lai stated, "The PRC could not be the motherland of the people of the ROC."He said, "As the ROC is older, the PRC cannot be its homeland, and for people aged 75 or older in China, the ROC might be their actual homeland."He noted that there is no question regarding ROC sovereignty, as it is firmly rooted in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu. (ANI)
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): 【街道办事处】 jiēdào bànshìchù 市辖区、不设区的市的人民政府派出机关。 在上一级政府领导下，负责本辖区内的社区服务、经济发展、社会治安等工作。 - ^ 中国的行政区划——省级行政单位. Government of the People's Republic of China. 2009-04-17. Archived from the original on 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2015-09-07. - ^ 中华人民共和国行政区划 [Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China], 15 June 2005, archived from the original on 2010-07-23, retrieved 5 June 2010 - ^ Chapter II : Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Article 12, archived from the original on 2010-07-29, retrieved 5 June 2010 - ^ Chapter II Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Macau Special Administrative Region, Article 12, archived from the original on 5 February 2012, retrieved 5 June 2010 - ^ "Hudong Wiki" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2010-09-06. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2002-05-25): Despite the controversy over the political status of Taiwan, both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China agree that Penghu is a county in (their own respective) "Taiwan Province" (Taiwan Province, Republic of China and Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China). However, geographically, the island of Taiwan does not include Penghu, although it is closer to Taiwan than mainland China. Thus, Penghu is listed separately from "Taiwan" in some contexts, e.g. the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu (the official WTO name for the Republic of China) in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Cairo Declaration, and the Treaty of San Francisco (see above). [...] Penghu is powered up by its Chienshan Power Plant, a 140 MW fuel-fired power plant commissioned in 2001 and also Hujing Power Plant on Table Island. On 24 December 2010, the Taiwan-Penghu Undersea Cable Project of Taipower was approved by the Executive Yuan to connect the electrical grid in Taiwan Island to Penghu.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-26): Since then, both the ROC and the PRC have been claiming to represent all of "China", and both officially claim each other's territory. In the 1992 consensus, both governments agreed that there is only one "China" but each claimed to be the sole representative of the sovereignty of undivided China. The PRC's (China's) official policy is to reunify Taiwan with mainland China under the formula of "one country, two systems" and refuses to renounce the use of military force, especially if Taiwan seeks a declaration of independence. [...] By 1945 most of China was under the control of the Kuomintang (KMT) also called the Nationalist Party. After World War II it took over the island groups of Taiwan and Pengh. The turning point for the Kuomintang party happened in 1949 when the Communists took over the control of continental China in the Chinese Civil War. The Kuomintang party, calling themselves the Republic of China, shifted base to Taiwan with control over only Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Taipei was made the provisional capital. [...] The government of the Republic of China currently governs the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands. Its neighbours are People's Republic of China in the west, Japan in the northeast, and the Philippines in the south.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-09): P’eng-hu Islands, archipelago and hsien (county) of Taiwan. It consists of about 64 small islands that lie approximately 30 miles (50 km) west of the coast of mainland Taiwan, from which it is separated by the P’eng-hu Channel. [...] Since 1949 the islands have been under the control of the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan; a Chinese Nationalist naval base, Ma-kung (now the county seat), was established on P’eng-hu. In addition to the fishing industry, the working of the islands’ phosphate deposits have also provided income. Area 49 square miles (127 square km). Pop. (2012 est.) 98,843.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): The area currently under the definition consists of the island groups of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and some minor islands. The collective term "Tai-Peng-Kin-Ma" is literally equivalent except that it only refers to the geographical areas of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Area, to the exclusion of Wuqiu, Dongsha Island, and Taiping Island.[3] [...] Article 2: The following terms as used in this Act are defined below.1. "Taiwan Area" refers to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and any other area under the effective control of the Government.2. "Mainland Area" refers to the territory of the Republic of China outside the Taiwan Area.3. "People of the Taiwan Area" refers to the people who have household registrations in the Taiwan Area.4. "People of the Mainland Area" refers to the people who have household registrations in the Mainland Area - ^ "The Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China Archived 12 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine." Retrieved on 7 April 2009.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-17): Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China The territory of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has frequently been revised since its formation on 1 October 1949. [...] 1970–1979 [edit]- 25 October 1971, The People's Republic of China replaced the Republic of China (in Taiwan) in the UN seat representing China. The PRC claims Taiwan and Penghu as its own Taiwan Province along with fragments of Kinmen and Matsu in Fujian, despite never having gained control over it. See articles: China and the United Nations, Political status of Taiwan.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-04-30): Penghu National Scenic Area - Penghu Visitor Center [...] All of the islands in Penghu have a similar terrain, and most of them are flat. Clear seawater, pure beaches and beautiful skies make Penghu a favorite ocean resort area. Both Kuroshio tributary current (during summer) and Mainland China's coastal current (during winter) pass through the Penghu sea territory. Because of this the marine life in this area is very rich, making Penghu an outstanding classroom for marine biology. [...] Penghu shows its uniqueness in its cultural resources, thanks to the influences of its environment as well as Chinese culture and history. Many religious activities take place in Penghu; among 97 villages and towns in the islands, there are 183 temples. The ones with the longest history include the Tianhou, Wusheng, City God, Bao-an Temples, and the Guanyin Pavilion. There are also many important sites with great historical value. Penghu is famous for seafood such as groupers, abalone, lobsters, clams, and shellfish. Peanuts, sponge gourds, and cantaloupes are the main agricultural products. The best-known mineral is the veined stone, which is found only here and in Italy. The veined stones of Penghu are very famous for their color and quality, which is recognized as being the best in the world. Many arts and crafts stores can be found in the city of Magong, where tourists can find inexpensive and beautiful artworks carved from various kinds of stone.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-06-21): Over the years, the issue of Diaoyu Dao has attracted attention from Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese. Diaoyu Dao has been an inherent territory of China since ancient times. This is the common position of the entire Chinese nation. The Chinese nation has the strong resolve to uphold state sovereignty and territorial integrity. The compatriots across the Taiwan Straits stand firmly together on matters of principle to the nation and in the efforts to uphold national interests and dignity. The compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and the overseas Chinese have all carried out various forms of activities to safeguard China’s territorial sovereignty over Diaoyu Dao, strongly expressing the just position of the Chinese nation, and displaying to the rest of the world that the peace-loving Chinese nation has the determination and the will to uphold China’s state sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-08-10): The Cairo Declaration issued by China, the United States and the United Kingdom on December 1, 1943 stated that it was the purpose of the three allies that all the territories Japan had stolen from China, such as Northeast China, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, should be restored to China. [...] [2] Between September 4 and 8, 1951, the United States gathered a number of countries in San Francisco for what they described as the San Francisco Peace Conference. Neither the PRC nor the Soviet Union received an invitation. The treaty signed at this meeting, commonly known as the Treaty of San Francisco, included an article under which Japan renounced all rights, title and claim to Taiwan and the Penghu Islands. This treaty contravened the provisions of the Declaration by United Nations signed by 26 countries - including the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China - in 1942, the fundamental principles of the UN Charter, and the basic norms of international law. The PRC was excluded from its preparation, drafting and signing, and its rulings on the territory and sovereign rights of China - including the sovereignty over Taiwan - are therefore illegal and invalid. The Chinese government has always refused to recognize the Treaty of San Francisco, and has never from the outset deviated from this stance. Other countries, including the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia, and Vietnam, have also refused to recognize the document's authority.