copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Republic of Kosovo (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-07): More information about Kosovo is available on the Kosovo Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet. Since Kosovo’s independence in 2008, the United States and over 100 UN-member countries have recognized Kosovo as an independent, sovereign state. The United States continues to support a multiethnic, democratic Kosovo, fully integrated into the international community. This remains a key pillar of U.S. efforts to enhance stability in the Balkan region as part of a Europe that is whole, free, and at peace. U.S. priorities in Kosovo include the comprehensive normalization of Kosovo’s relations with Serbia, centered on mutual recognition, strengthening governance and rule of law, and fostering economic growth and energy security. [...] Kosovo is a member of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Council of Europe’s Development Bank and Venice Commission, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the Apostille Convention, the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units, the World Customs Organization, the International Olympic Committee, the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions, the EUROPOL Law Enforcement cooperation agreement, and the International Federation of Football Associations. Kosovo has a number of diplomatic missions and consular posts worldwide.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): The entire territory that corresponds to today's country is commonly referred to in English simply as Kosovo and in Albanian as Kosova (definite form) or Kosovë (indefinite form, pronounced [kɔˈsɔvə]). In Serbia, a formal distinction is made between the eastern and western areas of the country; the term Kosovo (Косово) is used for the eastern part of Kosovo centred on the historical Kosovo Field, while the western part of the territory of Kosovo is called Metohija (Albanian: Dukagjin). Thus, in Serbian the entire area of Kosovo is referred to as Kosovo and Metohija.[25] [...] During the 13th and 14th centuries, Kosovo was a political, cultural and religious centre of the Serbian Kingdom.[54] In the late 13th century, the seat of the Serbian Archbishopric was moved to Peja, and rulers centred themselves between Prizren and Skopje,[55] during which time thousands of Christian monasteries and feudal-style forts and castles were erected,[56] with Stefan Dušan using Prizren Fortress as one of his temporary courts for a time. When the Serbian Empire fragmented into a conglomeration of principalities in 1371, Kosovo became the hereditary land of the House of Branković.[54][57] During the late 14th and early 15th centuries, parts of Kosovo, the easternmost area located near Pristina, were part of the Principality of Dukagjini, which was later incorporated into an anti-Ottoman federation of all Albanian principalities, the League of Lezhë.[58]
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-12): BELGRADE, Serbia (AP) — Tensions between Serbia and Kosovo flared anew during the past week after Serbs erected barricades on the main roads in the north of Kosovo, a former Serbian province. They were protesting the arrest of a former Kosovo Serb police officer. [...] Kosovo is a mainly ethnic Albanian territory that declared independence from Serbia in 2008. The Serbian government has refused to recognize Kosovo’s statehood and still considers it part of Serbia, even though it has no formal control there. [...] The dispute over Kosovo is centuries-old. Serbia cherishes the region as the heart of its statehood and religion. Numerous medieval Serb Orthodox Christian monasteries are in Kosovo. Serb nationalists view a 1389 battle against Ottoman Turks there as a symbol of its national struggle.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-28): Serbia considers Kosovo part of its territory. Kosovo considers itself an independent state. [...] That's because Serbia first lost the Kosovo region to the Ottoman Turks back in the Middle Ages and only regained the territory in the early 20th century. [...] In the aftermath of World War II, Kosovo largely enjoyed autonomy as a region within Serbia.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-25): Kosovo Prime Minister Albin Kurti accused Serbia of sending the attackers into Kosovo. Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic denied that, saying the men were Kosovo Serbs who have had enough of "Kurti’s terror." [...] Kosovo is a mainly ethnic Albanian territory that was part of Serbia before it declared independence. The Serbian government has refused to recognize Kosovo’s statehood, even though it has no formal control there. [...] The dispute over Kosovo is centuries-old. Serbs cherish the area as central both to their religion and statehood. Numerous medieval Serb Orthodox Christian monasteries are in Kosovo, and Serb nationalists view a 1389 battle against Ottoman Turks there as a symbol of their national struggle for independence.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-29): Kosovo is a mainly ethnic Albanian-populated territory that was formerly a province of Serbia. It declared independence in 2008. Serbia has refused to recognise Kosovo’s statehood and still considers it part of Serbia, even though it has no formal control there. [...] The dispute over Kosovo is centuries old. Serbia cherishes the region as the heart of its statehood and religion.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-10-12): For Serbians, Kosovo is not just a territory It is an epic poem, a deep pool of collective heroic memory, a cradle of religious and national identity dating to the 14th century - even if it is now 90 percent Albanian, dominated by a language that 99 percent of Serbs can't understand, and hasn't been controlled by Belgrade for nearly a decade. [...] "The political elite don't want Albanians in Serbian society, but they want the territory," says a Belgrade intellectual who requested anonymity. "UN legitimacy becomes a crucial point. If the UN doesn't back the independence of Kosovo, then you can say it didn't happen. They need to maintain the illusion that we control Kosovo, and avoid the humiliation of losing it. What they care about is how Serbian kids today will control the map of Serbia in 20 to 30 years." [...] For Serbs, Kosovo represents a heartland similar to that of Jerusalem for the Jews. If you ask Americans about the Alamo, or Britons about King Arthur, you might detect a slight pulse. But ask many Serbs about Kosovo, and the pulse positively races.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-29): By — Dusan Stojanovic, Associated Press Dusan Stojanovic, Associated Press Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/why-tensions-are-flaring-between-kosovo-and-serbia Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Why tensions are flaring between Kosovo and Serbia World May 29, 2023 3:41 PM EDT BELGRADE, Serbia (AP) — Tensions between Serbia and Kosovo flared anew this weekend after Kosovo’s police raided Serb-dominated areas in the region’s north and seized local municipality buildings. There have been violent clashes between Kosovo’s police and NATO-led peacekeepers on one side and local Serbs on the other, leaving several people injured on both sides. Serbia raised combat readiness of its troops stationed near the border and warned it won’t stand by if Serbs in Kosovo are attacked again. The situation has again fueled fears of a renewal of the 1998-99 conflict in Kosovo that claimed more than 10,000 lives and left more than 1 million homeless. Why are Serbia and Kosovo at odds? Kosovo is a mainly ethnic Albanian populated territory that was formerly a province of Serbia. It declared independence in 2008. Serbia has refused to recognize Kosovo’s statehood and still considers it part of Serbia, even though it has no formal control there.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Beginning in the 1920s, Serbia was an integral part of Yugoslavia (meaning "Land of the South Slavs"), which included the modern countries of Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Montenegro. Long ruled in turn by the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary, these component nations combined in 1918 to form an independent federation known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. In 1929 that federation was formally constituted as Yugoslavia. Serbia was the dominant part in this multiethnic union, though after World War II the nonaligned communist government of Josip Broz Tito accorded some measure of autonomy to the constituent republics and attempted to balance contending interests by dividing national administrative responsibilities (e.g., for intelligence and defense) along ethnic lines. [...] Bounding the country to the west are the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Slavonian region of the Republic of Croatia. Serbia adjoins Hungary to the north, Romania and Bulgaria to the east, North Macedonia to the south, and Montenegro to the southwest. Kosovo, which Serbia does not recognize as an independent country, lies to the south as well, along the northeastern border of Albania.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): (Bloomberg) -- Kosovo’s Prime Minister Albin Kurti said international criticism of his government’s treatment of Serbian minority was overblown, a comment that’s likely to dismay Western backers who have appealed for restraint. The moves by Pristina to close Serbia-backed institutions and ban the use of the Serbian dinar have prompted warnings from the US and the European Union that the actions may pose a threat to the fragile peace in the Balkans. [...] Northern Kosovo is home to the biggest remaining Serb community following a 1998-99 war over the territory and Kosovo’s declaration of independence in 2008.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-29): The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Serbian: Косово и Метохиja, romanized: Kosovo i Metohija, Albanian: Kosova dhe Metohia), commonly known as Kosovo (Serbian: Косово, Albanian: Kosova) and abbreviated to Kosmet (from Kosovo and Metohija; Serbian: Космет) or KiM (Serbian: КиМ), is an autonomous province defined by the Constitution of Serbia that occupies the southernmost part of Serbia. The territory is the subject of an ongoing political and territorial dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the partially recognised Republic of Kosovo. Its claimed administrative capital and largest city is Pristina. The territory of the province, as recognized by Serbian laws, lies in the southern part of Serbia and covers the regions of Kosovo and Metohija. The capital of the province is Priština. The territory was previously an autonomous province of Serbia during Socialist Yugoslavia (1946–1990), and acquired its current status in 1990. The province was governed as part of Serbia until the Kosovo War (1998–99), when it became a United Nations (UN) protectorate in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, but still internationally recognized as part of Serbia. The control was then transferred to the UN administration of UNMIK. On 17 February 2008, representatives of the people of Kosovo (Albanian: Udhëheqësit e popullit tonë, të zgjedhur në mënyrë demokratike) unilaterally and extra-institutionally declared Kosovo's independence,[3] which is internationally recognized by 104 UN members. While it is de facto independent from Serbia, Serbia still regards it as its province.[4]
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-08): The 2003 Constitution of the newly created state of Serbia and Montenegro officially acknowledged Kosovo's new interim status, describing Serbia and Montenegro as "the state of Montenegro and the state of Serbia which includes the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, the latter currently under international administration in accordance with UN SC resolution 1244."[23] In 2006, Serbia drafted a new constitution that again referred to Kosovo as an integral part of Serbia.[24] [...] Serbian constitutional referendum [edit]A referendum on a proposed draft of the new Serbian constitution was held on 28 October and 29 October 2006 and has resulted in the draft constitution being approved by the Serbian electorate.[57] The constitution is Serbia's first as an independent state since the Kingdom of Serbia's 1903 constitution. Over 6.6 million people were entitled to vote in the national referendum. Kosovo did not vote. During the nearly one-century of Serbian rule in Kosovo, this is the only attempt to legally incorporate Kosovo into Serbia, and it was seen by Albanians as an attempt to prejudge the result of the negotiations. In the preamble to the constitution it states that "Kosovo is an autonomous province of Serbia with significant autonomy". Serbian legal scholars found that this unambiguous statement means it would be unconstitutional for Kosovo to secede from Serbia.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-28): 12th Century - Serbia gains control of Kosovo, which goes on to become the heart of the Serbian empire. The period sees the building of many Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries. [...] 1990 - Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic strips Kosovo of its autonomy and imposes Serbian administration on the territory, prompting Albanian protests. [...] 2013 - Kosovo and Serbia reach a landmark agreement on normalising relations that grants a high degree of autonomy to Serb-majority areas in northern, while both sides agree not to block each other's efforts to seek EU membership.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Kosovo unilaterally self proclaimed independence from Serbia in 2008, a move which Serbia strongly rejects. Serbia does not recognize Kosovo as an independent state and continues to claim it as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. However, differences and disputes remain, while North Kosovo is partially under Serbian rule. Initially there were no relations between the two; but in the following years there has been increased dialogue and cooperation between the two sides.[citation needed] [...] 2017 train incident [edit]In January 2017, a train painted in Serbian flag colors and with the words "Kosovo is Serbia" was prevented from crossing into Kosovo.[55] Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić stated that Serbia would send its army to Kosovo if Kosovo Serbs are attacked. Kosovo viewed the train as a provocation. Both Serbia and Kosovo mobilized their military forces along the Kosovo-Serbian border.[56][57] [...] - ^ a b c d "Kosovo and Serbia sign 'landmark' agreements". BBC News. 26 August 2015. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-18): Kosovo is a tiny landlocked country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. It strategically lies on the peninsula’s center and is enclosed to the north and east by Serbia, West by Montenegro, Southwest by Albania, and Southeast by North Macedonia. Being a landlocked country, Kosovo has no access to the Mediterranean Sea and can only access the Adriatic Sea through either Montenegro or Albania. The Kosovo-Serbian border stretches for about 380 km along Kosovo’s eastern and northern edges. However, Serbians have, on numerous occasions, claimed North Kosovo since they form the majority, preventing access by Kosovo custom officers and police. [...] From 1455 to 1912, the Ottoman Empire occupied Kosovo, first as part of Rumelia and later as a separate Vilayet (province). The Vilayet included the present-day Kosovo territory, Montenegro, northern Albania, western Serbia, and northwestern North Macedonia. The Ottomans introduced Islam and attracted numerous ethnic Albanians, who took up prominent positions in the government. However, the Kingdom of Serbia, which once possessed the Vilayet of Kosovo, planned on getting their land back, leading to the Serbian-Ottoman War between 1876 and 1878.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-09-05): Kosovo-Serbia talks: Why land swap could bridge divide A historic moment or a proposal that would mean war? When it comes to Kosovo's putative territory swap with Serbia, it depends who you ask. [...] In return, Serbia would re-establish full control over the majority ethnic-Serb area of Kosovo to the north of the River Ibar, which runs through the heart of Mitrovica.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): The name Kosovo is derived from a Serbian place-name meaning "field of blackbirds." After serving as the centre of a medieval Serbian empire, Kosovo was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from the mid-15th to the early 20th century, a period when Islam grew in importance and the population of Albanian speakers in the region increased. In the early 20th century Kosovo was incorporated into Serbia (later part of Yugoslavia). By the second half of the century, the largely Muslim ethnic Albanians outnumbered the predominantly Eastern Orthodox Serbs in Kosovo, and interethnic tensions frequently roiled the province. In 1998 an ethnic Albanian-led secessionist rebellion escalated into an international crisis (see Kosovo conflict), which culminated in 1999 in an air bombardment of Yugoslavia—by then a rump of the former federal state, comprising only Serbia and Montenegro—by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Following the restoration of peace, Kosovo was administered by the UN Interim Administrative Mission in Kosovo. Throughout this period—in the course of which Yugoslavia changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro (2003) and then separated into those independent states (2006)—Serbia continued to consider Kosovo part of its territory. Nevertheless, under UN supervision, Kosovo developed the structures of an independent country, and in February 2008 it formally declared independence from Serbia. An EU mission charged with overseeing police, judicial, and customs activities largely replaced the UN presence later that year. Pristina (Albanian: Prishtinë; Serbian: Priština) is the capital and largest city.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-24): Kosovo declared independence in 2008, but Serbia still formally deems Kosovo to be part of its territory. [...] Serbia, however, still formally deems Kosovo to be part of its territory. It accuses Kosovo’s central government of trampling on the rights of ethnic Serbs but denies accusations of whipping up strife within its neighbour’s borders. [...] The area of north Kosovo where Serbs form a majority is in important ways a virtual extension of Serbia. Local administration and public servants, teachers, doctors and big infrastructure projects are paid for by Belgrade.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-19): KOSOVO/SERBIA 12:39 p.m. EDT [...] We’ve also been clear in expressing our concerns that this new regulation that restricts the import and use of the Serbian dinar in Kosovo – we’ve expressed some concerns about this, and we’ve also reiterated our calls to both Kosovo and Serbia to de-escalate tensions. [...] AfghanistanChinaCubaFranceHaitiHong KongIsraelKosovoNigerOffice of the SpokespersonPakistanPalestinian TerritoriesRussiaSerbiaUkraine
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-02-10): The United States has today formally recognized Kosovo as a sovereign and independent state. We congratulate the people of Kosovo on this historic occasion. [...] Nine years ago, the international community, led by NATO, acted to end brutal attacks on the Kosovar Albanian population. This timely international intervention ended the violence, leading to a United Nations Security Council decision to suspend Belgrade’s governance and place Kosovo under interim UN administration. Since that time Kosovo has built its own democratic institutions separate from Belgrade’s control. Last year, UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari developed a plan to build a democratic and multi-ethnic Kosovo and recommended Kosovo be independent, subject to a period of international supervision. In light of the conflicts of the 1990s, independence is the only viable option to promote stability in the region. The United States supports the Ahtisaari Plan and will work with its international partners to help implement it. [...] The United States takes this opportunity to reaffirm our friendship with Serbia, an ally during two world wars. We invite Serbia's leaders to work together with the United States and our partners to accomplish shared goals, such as the protection of the rights, security, culture and livelihood of the Serb community in Kosovo.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-02-01): At the beginning of the 1990s, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was one of the largest, most developed and diverse countries in the Balkans. It was a non-aligned federation comprised of six republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. In addition to the six republics, the two separate regions of Kosovo and Vojvodina held the status of autonomous provinces within the Republic of Serbia. Yugoslavia was a mix of ethnic groups and religions, with Orthodox Christianity, Catholicism and Islam being the main religions. [...] The next area of conflict was centered on Kosovo, where the ethnic Albanian community there sought independence from Serbia. In 1998 violence flared as the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) came out in open rebellion against Serbian rule, and police and army reinforcements were sent in to crush the insurgents. In their campaign, the Serb forces heavily targeted civilians, shelling villages and forcing Kosovo Albanians to flee. As the attempt at an internationally-brokered deal to end the crisis failed in early 1999 at the Rambouillet peace talks, NATO carried out a 78-day-long campaign of air strikes against targets in Kosovo and Serbia. In response, Serb forces further intensified the persecution of the Kosovo Albanian civilians. Ultimately, Serbian President Slobodan Milošević agreed to withdraw his troops and police from the province. Some 750,000 Albanian refugees came home and about 100,000 Serbs - roughly half the province's Serb population – fled in fear of reprisals. In June 1999, Serbia agreed to international administration of Kosovo with the final status of the province still unresolved.
Claim: Kosovo is a territory of Serbia (Kosovo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-02-08): Kosovo-Serbia Territorial Exchange: Timing, Extent, and International Reactions [...] The main incentive for both Serbia and Kosovo to come to an agreement on these territories is the understanding that this is a prerequisite for admission to the European Union.23 Beyond that, Kosovo has a strong interest in gaining diplomatic recognition from Serbia, which so far has refused to recognize the new country as anything other than an alienated part of Serbia. While President Vučić has made statements which have been interpreted as opening the door to such recognition, Serbia’s Prime Minister, Ana Brnabić responded to a question in October 2018 by saying, "I think this is the year we will recognize Kosovo for what it is –the autonomous province of the Republic of Serbia. It’s not an open question, absolutely not."24 One cannot assume, however, that this is the Serbian government’s final position. Politicians routinely make statements for specific audiences and Brnabić’s statement may have been intended to reassure Serbs, rather than to emphasize Serbian intransigence or to play "bad cop" against Vučić’s "good cop" as part of a negotiating strategy.