copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Sakhalin (Russian: Сахали́н, IPA: [səxɐˈlʲin]) is an island in Northeast Asia. Its north coast lies 6.5 km (4.0 mi) off the southeastern coast of Khabarovsk Krai in Russia, while its southern tip lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Japan's Hokkaido. An island of the West Pacific, Sakhalin divides the Sea of Okhotsk to its east from the Sea of Japan to its southwest. It is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast and is the largest island of Russia,[3] with an area of 72,492 square kilometres (27,989 sq mi). The island has a population of roughly 500,000, the majority of whom are Russians. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs, who are now present in very small numbers.[4] [...] South Sakhalin was administered by Japan as Karafuto Prefecture (Karafuto-chō (樺太庁)), with the capital at Toyohara (today's Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk). A large number of migrants were brought in from Korea.[citation needed] [...] Geography [edit]Sakhalin is separated from the mainland by the narrow and shallow Strait of Tartary, which often freezes in winter in its narrower part, and from Hokkaido, Japan, by the Soya Strait or La Pérouse Strait. Sakhalin is the largest island in Russia, being 948 km (589 mi) long, and 25 to 170 km (16 to 106 mi) wide, with an area of 72,492 km2 (27,989 sq mi).[2] It lies at similar latitudes to England, Wales and Ireland.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-22): Sakhalin (Russian: Сахали́н, suh-khah-LEEN), formerly known as Karafuto (樺太, kah-rah-foo-toh) to the Japanese, is a large and very sparsely populated island which was the center of a long power struggle between Russia and Japan for control of its large oil and gas resources. Sakhalin is beautiful, but has an undeveloped tourist sector. However, because of the energy business, good food and hotels catering to foreigners are available. [...] Geography [edit]At more than 70,000 km2, Sakhalin is Russia's largest island. From the 40 km La Pérouse Strait separating Sakhalin from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, the island stretches nearly 1000 km northwards in a long and narrow shape along the mainland's east coast. It's quite mountainous with two low mountain-ranges running parallel to each other separated by a valley tract. To the north the island flattens into a swampy taiga, while the central part of the island is densely forested.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-01): Karafuto, also known as Sakhalin, is an island located in the North Pacific Ocean, and it is currently divided between Russia and Japan. After World War II, the Soviet Union gained control of the northern part of the island, while Japan lost its territorial claims to the southern part.Is Karafuto part of Japan? Karafuto became a territory of the Empire of Japan in 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War, when the portion of Sakhalin south of 50°N was ceded from the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Portsmouth.Does Japan still claim Sakhalin? [...] Karafuto is the Japanese name for the southern part of Sakhalin Island, which is located north of. Hokkaido, Japan. Although the island is now governed by the Russian Federation, the southern part, below the 50th parallel north, belonged to the Japanese Empire from 1905 to 1945.Who controls Sakhalin Island?
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-28): Sakhalin (Russian: Сахали́н, suh-khah-LEEN), formerly known as Karafuto (樺太, kah-rah-foo-toh) to the Japanese, is a large and very sparsely populated island which was the center of a long power struggle between Russia/USSR and Japan for control of its large oil and gas resources. Sakhalin is beautiful, but has an undeveloped tourist sector. Because of the energy business, however, good food and hotels catering to foreigners are available. [...] At more than 70,000 km2, Sakhalin is Russia's largest island. From the 40 km La Pérouse Strait separating Sakhalin from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, the island stretches nearly 1000 km northwards in a long and narrow shape along the mainland's east coast. It's quite mountainous with two low mountain-ranges running parallel to each other separated by a valley tract. To the north the island flattens into a swampy taiga, while the central part of the island is densely forested.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-27): Sakhalin/Karafuto Under Control of the Japanese Empire [...] After the Russo-Japanese War, South Sakhalin became a new colonial territory of Japan. Initially, the Japanese formed the "civil administration" of Karafuto, which in reality was the military administration that governed the island. However, from 1907, the newly formed Governorate of Karafuto (Karafuto-chō) took control of the island. Karafuto was a new territory and its residents, including the Japanese, had no right to vote or participate in politics. It was officially included in the Japanese Empire as a prefecture in 1943. First, the colonial government had planned to promote the development of the island through agricultural settlement. However, it faced issues when agricultural resources were exhausted. The agricultural settlement and development were not successful because it was impossible to produce rice in Karafuto. Farmers worked as seasonal forestry and fishery laborers or produced other cash crops to earn money to buy rice, a staple food for Japanese and Koreans (Nakayama, 2015, p. 23). [...] Paichadze, S. (2022). Sakhalin/Karafuto Under Control of the Japanese Empire.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-01): Mariya Sevela gathers oral recollections from the people of Karafuto, a Japanese colony on the island of Sakhalin from 1905 until the arrival of the Soviet army forty years later. The island of Sakhalin in the Sea of Okhotsk is a microcosm of Russo-Japanese relations. ‘Discovered’ almost simultaneously by the Russians and the Japanese in the mid-seventeenth century, it witnessed several shifts of rule between 1855 and 1945. Following Japan’s victory over Russia in 1905, by the Treaty of Portsmouth Sakhalin was divided at the 50th parallel. While the northern section remained Russian, the Japanese colony of Karafuto was established on the southern part of the island. Following the terms of the February 1945 Yalta Agreement between Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan on August 8th, between the American atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It thus broke its five-year neutrality pact with Japan signed on April 13th, 1941. Compensation for fighting the Japanese in Manchukuo, Karafuto and Chishima promised to be considerable – South Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands were to become Russian once more.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-01): Russo-Japanese Territorial Dispute over Sakhalin and Kuril Islands [...] Paichadze S, Seaton PA (2015) Introduction. In: Paichadze S, Seaton PA (eds) Voices from the shifting Russo-Japanese border. Routledge, Karafuto/Sakhalin [...] Williams B (2007) Resolving the Russo-Japanese territorial dispute – Hokkaido-Sakhalin relations. Routledge, New York, NY
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-01): The Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin, also known as the Battle of Sakhalin (Russian: Южно-Сахалинская операция, romanized: Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya operatsiya; Japanese: 樺太の戦い, romanized: Karafuto no tatakai), was the Soviet invasion of the Japanese portion of Sakhalin Island known as Karafuto Prefecture. The invasion was part of the Soviet–Japanese War,[3] a minor campaign in the Asian Theatre during Second World War. Background [edit]Following the Japanese invasion of Sakhalin in 1905, control of the island was split according to the Treaty of Portsmouth, with the Russian Empire controlling the northern half and the Empire of Japan controlling the portion south of the 50th parallel north. It was known in Japan as Karafuto Prefecture and the Northern District. [...] Aftermath and casualties [edit]Japanese casualties are approximately 700 to 2,000 soldiers killed and 3,500 to 3,700 civilians killed. Around 18,202 were captured and many of the Japanese prisoners of war in Sakhalin were sent to labor camps in Siberia and held after the war. At least 100,000 Japanese civilians fled the Soviet occupation during the invasion. The capture of Sakhalin Island proved a necessary prerequisite for the Invasion of the Kuril Islands. After the Japanese surrender, Sakhalin Island remained under Soviet control and is now Russian territory, part of Sakhalin Oblast.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Karafuto became a territory of the Empire of Japan in 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War, when the portion of Sakhalin south of 50°N was ceded from the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Portsmouth. Karafuto was established in 1907 as an external territory, until being upgraded to an "Inner Land" of the Japanese metropole in 1943. Ōtomari (Korsakov) was the capital of Karafuto from 1905 to 1908 and Toyohara (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) from 1908 to 1945. [...] Step by step Karafuto lost its Japanese identity. Sakhalin Oblast was created in February 1946, and by March all towns, villages and streets were given Russian names. More and more colonists began to arrive from mainland Russia, with whom the Japanese were obliged to share the limited stock of housing. In October 1946 the Soviets began to repatriate all remaining Japanese. By 1950 most had been sent, willing or not, to Hokkaidō. They had to leave all of their possessions behind, including any currency, Russian or Japanese. Today some keep alive the memory of their former home in the meetings of the Karafuto Renmei, an association for former Karafuto residents.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): Sakhalin Oblast (Russian: Сахали́нская о́бласть, romanized: Sakhalinskaya oblast', IPA: [səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East. The oblast has an area of 87,100 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi). Its administrative center and largest city is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast has a population of 466,609.[10] [...] In 1855, Russia and Japan signed the Treaty of Shimoda, which declared that both nationals could inhabit the island: Russians in the north, and Japanese in the south, without a clear boundary between. Russia also agreed to dismantle its military base at Ōtomari. Following the Second Opium War, Russia forced the Qing to sign the Treaty of Aigun and Convention of Peking, under which China lost all territories north of Heilongjiang (Amur) and east of Ussuri, including Sakhalin, to Russia. A Czarist penal colony was established in 1857, but the southern part of the island was held by the Japanese until the 1875 Treaty of Saint Petersburg, when they ceded it to Russia in exchange for the Kuril islands. After the Russo-Japanese War, Russia and Japan signed the Treaty of Portsmouth of 1905, which resulted in the southern part of the island below 50° N passing to Japan; the Russians retained the other three-fifths of the area. South Sakhalin was administered by Japan as Karafuto-chō (樺太庁), with the capital Toyohara, now known as Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-01): Sakhalin (Russian: Сахали́н, IPA: [səxʌˈlʲin]; Japanese: Karafuto (樺太) or Saharin (サハリン); Chinese: 庫頁/库页 Kùyè or 薩哈林/萨哈林 Sàhālín), also known as Saghalien, is a large, long Russian island in the North Pacific, placed between 45°50' and 54°24' N. It is part of Russia territory and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs.[1] Most Ainu relocated to Hokkaidō when Japanese were gone from the island in 1949.[2] The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War resulted a Japanese victory when the Imperial Russian Navy and the Imperial Russian Army got defeated by the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1905 when the Empire Of Japan led by Emperor Meiji declared war on Tsar Nicholas II in 1904 when Trans-Siberian railway was to built more Railway Tracks in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty and Korea . Japan took the southern part of Sakhalin and renamed it to South Sakhalin and control it from 1905-1945 . [...] Sakhalin is the subject of a whole book by Anton Chekhov (1895), reprinted in many Russian editions of his collected works. It has been translated into English. Of other old books, there is an interesting one by an Englishman, Charles H. Hawes, To the Uttermost East. (N.Y.: Scribner;s, 1904). Now, however, the island is experiencing an oil boom.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2002-12-01): Secret of Sakhalin Island (Karafuto) Sakhalin (Karafuto in Japanese) is a very long (c.a. 1000 km) but narrow (200 km in its largest extent) island located between Japan and Russian [...] Hokkaido while Sakhalin is represented by a small rectangle on its north. Heap of tiny islands on east of Hokkaido represents
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-08-03): Sakhalin memories: Japanese stranded by war in the USSR - Published "My mother always said she wanted her children to return and live in Japan," says 61-year-old Fumiko Furihato, whose family was stranded in Soviet territory at the end of World War II. [...] As the Soviet Union consolidated its control on Sakhalin in the late 1940s, life was extremely difficult for the Japanese citizens left behind. The Furihato family lived in one room in an old barracks. [...] Between 1905 and 1945, the Japanese invested heavily in southern Sakhalin, which they called Karafuto. They built railways and factories including a big pulp and paper plant. But apart from the narrow-gauge railway track, there is little evidence left of their presence. The only significant Japanese building remaining in the island's capital Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is now the regional museum.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-18): Historically, these islands have been a flashpoint between Russia and Japan. Negotiations over their ownership date back to 1855, a year after Commodore Perry’s black ships partially opened Japan to the West. In the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War a half century later, the territory south of the 50th parallel North was ceded to Japan, an arrangement that remained in place until the Soviet Union’s late entry into the Pacific War on 8th August 1945. At that point, the prefecture of Karafuto was disestablished as an administrative entity, becoming instead the South Sakhalin Oblast. One can only speculate how much of Hokkaido might have been absorbed in turn had the war not ended when it did. [...] But a weakened Russia, exhausted by war and keen to reopen trade with wealthy countries beyond China, might be willing to revisit the issue if Japan, in turn, were to put a reasonable figure on the reestablishment of Karafuto. Such a deal would require swiftness on Japan’s part, so as to take advantage of what will likely be a narrow window of opportunity. It would also require deft diplomatic maneuvering so as not to alarm the South Koreans, for whom memories of Japanese expansionism are never far from the surface.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-13): Holding the northern part of Sakhalin (Karafuto) do also give Japan a substantial oil deposits, although most of it is in shallow sea, realistically preventing development until after WWII. And Japan is still very likely to lose Sakhalin in closing stages of WWII. [...] The Americans would probably accept a Soviet annexation of Sakhalin if it happened quickly enough at or near the end of the war, even though it would have clearly been a core Japanese territory by this point. Remember that South Sakhalin/Karafuto was already pretty well integrated with the Japanese home islands IOTL but this did not prevent Roosevelt from signing it away. Its population in 1945 would not be much greater with control of North Sakhalin because of the very harsh climate in the Northern half of the island. What really works against it though is the fact that Japan gained it in war in the first place and so the Americans, temporarily still in a Pacific war mindset and eager to suppress militarism, will be much more hesitant to agree that it constitutes core territory.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-08-21): Preliminary learning also took place for other trip itineraries. A group of students planning to visit Nemuro and learn about the Northern Territories received a video letter from Mr. Fumio Kishida, Minister of State for Okinawa and Northern Territories Affairs (position at that time; currently Minister of Foreign Affairs). At that time, student planning to visit Sakhalin (Karafuto) were starting procedures to obtain a Russian visa. Students learned that the Northern Territories are depicted on the flag of Sakhalin Oblast and that obtaining a visa would allow them to travel to Kunashiri Island and Iturup Island in the Northern Territories. As preliminary learning proceeded for each itinerary, the learning contents were naturally connected, thus creating a meaningful learning experience for students in all itineraries. [...] When climbing a hill overlooking Aniva Bay, students were greeted by a crumbled memorial dedicated to the landing of the Japanese army. The vast blue ocean stretches out below. In distance, one can see the giant plant for LNG which is part of the Sakhalin 2 Project. The discarded pillboxes of Japanese soldiers lie at our feet. The farm fields spanning the hills are scattered with the vacation homes of a Russian ethnic group known as Dacha, showing the lifestyle of local people. From this hill, one can gaze over the past, present and future of Sakhalin (Karafuto). Immediately adjacent to the town lifestyle is the site of new and old national projects. [...] Sakhalin (Karafuto) Through the Eyes of High School Students ―A file of the study tour by Chuo University Suginami High School
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-03-26): TY: Sure. So, this is going to be a two-part answer. I think it’s best if I first explain the diplomatic situation in general in the northern part of Japan, and then I’ll talk about the article. The central question of Japan’s north for Bakumatsu and early Meiji is its boundary negotiations with Russia. Scholars have written about it essentially as a bilateral affair, where the Russians pushed and the Japanese reacted, resulting in the Treaty of St. Petersburg in 1875. In Japanese, it’s known as Karafuto Chishima kōkan jōyaku, under which Russia took the entire island of Karafuto/Sakhalin, and the Japanese took the Kuril Islands that run between the Kamchatka Peninsula and Hokkaidō. [...] TY: So, there are a lot of remarks on both sides about Russia’s intention of expanding towards the Japanese northern edge, and [most of the] people in Japan, around the time of the Meiji Restoration, were convinced that once Sakhalin or Karafuto is taken, then the next thing would be Hokkaidō. The British – whose navy was very active in the region – [were] also concerned about what Russia’s intentions were, and they kept sending reports to London from East Asia that Russia was coming to Hokkaidō, and it’s going to be Japan’s diplomatic priority. Japan should really concentrate on Hokkaidō’s development in order to stop that from happening.
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-07-17): This paper will focus on the Karafuto-jin – a community of former citizens of the Japanese colony of Karafuto (presently southern Sakhalin) – and their role in Japanese-Soviet/Russian relations. It will examine the Karafuto-jin’s identity formation as one of Japan’s "other" groups during the Karafuto era (1905-1945) and as a special group of returnees from Japan’s colonial empire (or Japan’s "burden citizens"), following their repatriation. In addition, the paper will discuss their resistance to the Soviet invasion and repatriation from Karafuto following Japan’s defeat in World-War II, as well as the impact of their political mobilization and activities on Japan’s policy towards the Soviet Union and later Russia. The paper will begin with a brief history of Karafuto, drawing on the early Japanese-Russian border settlements and the transformation of Karafuto’s administrative status during WWII. It will analyze the transformation of the Karafuto-jin’s sociopolitical status in the aftermath of the Karafuto’s cessation and handover to the USSR in 1945, exploring the nature of various problems associated with the return of the Karafuto-jin from the Soviet Sakhalin back to Japan and a lack of efficient government policy to help them repatriate, which prompted their political mobilization and the establishment of their official organization – the National League of Former Citizens of Karafuto ("Zenkoku Karafuto Renmei;" thereafter – the "Karafuto Renmei") – in 1949. [...] Keywords: Karafuto, Sakhalin, Kurile Islands, Japanese-Russian relations, Japanese-Soviet relations
Claim: Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia (Sakhalin/Karafuto, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-15): WARSAW (Mainichi) -- A 78-year-old Japanese man who grew up in the southern part of Sakhalin, Russia, occupied by the former Soviet Union at the end of World War II, and has since been living in Ukraine, took refuge with his family in neighboring Poland following the Russian military invasion. He and his family will fly to Japan on March 18. What does the man, whose life was changed by two wars, think about the current situation? Hidekatsu Furihata was born in central Japan's Nagano Prefecture, but due to his father's work, he moved to south Karafuto (now Russia's Sakhalin), which was a Japanese territory at the time. However, in August 1945, the Soviet Union invaded Japan. Karafuto was occupied and later became Soviet territory. Although Furihata was very young, he still remembers the day when Soviet soldiers came into his house and barked at his family, asking why there were still Japanese people there. Most of the Japanese who remained on Karafuto had returned to Japan by 1959. However, permission was not granted to Furihata's father. The reason is unknown, but it is believed that the Soviet Union would not let his father leave because he worked at a paper mill and was competent. After attending a technical university in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Furihata married his Polish wife, and in 1971 they moved to what is now Ukraine, where his wife's sister lived. He then worked as a machinist for many years.