copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2022-08-01): Further, as informed by Department of Pharmaceuticals, pursuant to notification of the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy (NPPP) on 7th December, 2012, the Government has notified the Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 2013 (DPCO-2013) with an objective to put in place a regulatory framework for pricing of drugs so as to ensure the availability of essential medicines at reasonable prices. As per provisions of DPCO, 2013, the ceiling price of all scheduled formulations figuring in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) issued by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare are fixed by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) under the Department of Pharmaceuticals. All manufacturers of these scheduled drugs are required to sell their products at a price equal to or lower than the ceiling price. Further, NPPA monitors the prices of non-scheduled drugs so as to ensure that increase in their Maximum Retail Price (MRP) is not more than 10% of what was prevalent during the preceding twelve months. The details of various medicines and medical devices under price control is available at the website of NPPA, i.e., www.nppaindia.nic.in. [...] HFW/PQ/Price Control Mechanism for Life-Saving Drugs/22ndMarch 2022/8
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2017-05-01): Apex think tank Niti Aayog has proposed a change in the manner the government identifies medicines that should be brought under price control. It wants the Drug Price Control Order (DPCO), the rule framed under Essential Commodities Act to fix ceiling prices for drugs, de-linked from the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) prepared by the health ministry. The proposal, part of Niti Aayog's draft Three Year Action Plan, if approved, can open a Pandora's box as criteria for selecting medicines that need to be brought under government price control has always been a contentious issue. For instance, the rationale for the much debated decision to cap the prices of cardiac stents was that the medical device was one of the items in the NLEM, and subsequently notified as an essential medicine under DPCO. If the government decides to delink NLEM from the DPCO, it can lead to a fresh debate on the number, category and class of drugs and medical devices that should come under price control. [...] The policy was challenged in the court by public interest groups, which resulted in a Supreme Court directive that ordered the Central government to ensure that no essential medicines should be out of price control because of the change. The government complied with the Court order by deciding to have NLEM as the basis for the medicines and medical devices that should be brought under price control.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-06-24): National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy 2012 - The price control under this policy cover 348 drugs instead of 74 drugs earlier. [...] - According to this order, all strengths and dosages mentioned in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) will be under price control. [...] - The NLEM comprise only 348 drugs leaving out many essential medicines under price control.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2022-10-22): The latest DPCO, 2013 [6] was notified on 15 May 2013 for the implementation of the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy (NPPP), 2012 [7]. The NPPP’s objective was ‘to put in place a regulatory framework for pricing of drugs to ensure availability of essential medicines at reasonable prices even while offering adequate opportunity for innovation and competition to support the pharmaceutical industry. As per the DPCO, 2013 all the drugs under the National List of Essential Medicines (n = 348) notified by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare were brought under price control. DPCO 2013 set the price ceilings for these medicines averaging the existing market prices (of all brands that have a market share of 1% or greater) and adding a 16 per cent retailer’s margin to it. In addition, the brands priced below the ceiling price were required to maintain the prices at current levels, whereas the brands priced above the price cap had to reduce their prices.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2018-08-01): In this chapter, we begin with a historical overview of India’s efforts to design a price regulation mechanism for essential medicines and how such efforts culminated in the latest episode of price controls in 2013. The chapter documents how India began regulating nearly 350 medicines in 1970, steadily lowered the scope of regulation to 74 in 1995, and then expanded the number again to nearly 350 in 2013, completing the full circle. The historical account shows how the same set of issues have arisen during the design, implementation, and enforcement of each of the episodes of price control regulations. [...] LOCOST (2006) argues that many essential drugs were systematically deregulated leading up to the 2002 Pharmaceutical Policy, while many non-essential or sometimes dangerous medications remained under price control (for an overview, see Table 1, p. 135). The organization emphasizes the downfalls of using only economic criteria, such as company turnover in the 1995 DPCO, to establish what drugs should be regulated. Until 2002, economic criteria dominated essentiality of medicines, contrary to what the Kelkar Committee recommended in 1984. Therefore, the debate surrounding price control included discussions around the principles of selection for price-controlled drugs (The Sen Committee 2005). [...] Mathew, J. C. (2005f). Price control to be brought down to 35 drugs in Pharma Policy 2005, monitoring on 319 others. PharmaBiz [online]. Available from http://www.pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=30592&sid=2
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2018-08-01): In this chapter, we examine whether the 2013 DPCO has been successful in making essential medicines more affordable. Before we do so, it is useful to recall historical assessments of previous versions of the DPCO. Historical accounts indicate that the implementation of DPCO regulations in India has been ineffective. In the 1970s, the implementation of the recommendations of the Hathi Committee were delayed by 4 years. Although the committee established the importance of focusing price regulation based on the ‘essentiality’ of drugs rather than their prices, the recommendation was forgotten by 2002, leading to a fresh debate on the issue. In 1979, the control of drug prices led to a troubling shortage of essential drugs, causing hardships for patients (Basak 2008). The drafting of the drug policy was delayed in the 1980s due to opposition from industry associations (EPW 1985). In 1986, the pharmaceutical policy was still unclear about what drugs needed to be brought under price regulation, allowing industry associations to influence regulators on behalf of the pharmaceutical firms (Bal 1986a, b). In 1990, the industry and trade associations warned about a possible nationwide strike unless the implementation of price control was postponed (EPW 1990). Similarly, after the implementation of the 1995 price control regime, prices of essential medicines rose, which benefited pharmaceutical producers (Malhotra 2010; Rane 1996). Before we examine the effectiveness of the 2013 DPCO, we discuss the assessment by the NPPA as well as an assessment by the pharmaceutical industry lobby in collaboration with IMS.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2023-03-13): Benischke and Bhaskarabhatla studied the conditions under which firms were likely to violate price controls – regulatory mandates under which firms are not allowed to charge above a certain price for a certain medicine – for essential medicines in India. Access to essential medicines is viewed as a human right; however, despite decades-long efforts by the World Health Organisation, rising medicine prices continue to pose a significant challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as India. Indian authorities introduced price controls for 255 essential medicines to combat increasing prices and ensure essential medicines are affordable for the population. But the researchers knew from anecdotal evidence that these price controls in India were unsuccessful. In some countries, policymakers have attempted to improve access to essential medicines; price controls are one of the mechanisms they use. As Benischke and Bhaskarabhatla observed, pharmaceutical firms play a critical role in global efforts to ensure affordable access to essential medicines.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2023-03-29): The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA), which regulates the prices of medicines, has said that prices could increase by up to 12%. This is the highest one-time increase in the prices of medicines under the price control regime since the NPPA came into being in 1997. Last year, the hike was just 0.5 per cent, while it was two per cent in 2020. The prices of 900 drugs (formulations) which have 384 medical molecules that are included in the National List of Essential Drugs will increase. At present, these are included in the price control list. There will be an increase of 10% in the prices of medicines in the non-scheduled drugs category which are outside the price control regime. [...] Pharmaceutical companies are permitted to increase the prices of nonscheduled drugs, which do not come under price control, by 10 per cent annually. However, the NPPA has to give the go-ahead to increase the prices of medicines which come under price control. Of the total number of medicines sold, 16 per cent come under price control mechanisms.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-11-09): Access to quality essential medicines at affordable price to patients in the healthcare market is one of the main goals of universal health coverage and health-related sustainable development goals. Healthcare market is imperfect, and the government cannot ensure access to essential medicines if the market is left to operate under invisible hand control. This scoping review was conducted with intention to provide the clear picture on impact of pharmaceutical price regulation on access to essential medicines, drug innovation and launching. [...] Access to essential medicines, which is defined in terms of availability, affordability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of drugs, can be improved by pharmaceutical price regulation. Countries can use different price regulation strategies based on their healthcare objectives and priority healthcare needs. Country-specific pharmaceutical price regulation could not significantly affect drug innovation and launching. However, supportive strategies such as open public funding for drug innovation research, providing innovation awards and strong patent rights can counterbalance the effect of price regulation on innovation and drug development research in developed countries. [...] Benefits of the introduction of price regulation are obtained through reducing excess profits earned by suppliers of medicines. These include increased affordability of essential medicine, reduced healthcare cost to insurers; reduced government healthcare expenditure; and indirect increase on expenditure non-health-related development goals. However, strict targets in terms of price control may cause great economic risk without a comparative advantage. This is because businesses would seek to be more productive by considering more efficient capital replacement decisions that may result in perverse health effects.[90,91]
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2013-11-05): With the objective to improvise and endow with the basic health care and availability of basic medicines at an affordable price across the country, the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, , notified the Drug (Prices Control) Order 2013("DPCO 2013") in May 2013, which may fluctuate the pricing of 348 essential medicines. [...] Chemicals and Fertilizers, notified the Drug (Prices Control) Order 2013("DPCO 2013") in May 2013, which may fluctuate the pricing of 348 essential medicines. Prior to the 2013 regime, the [...] Authority ("NPPA") to regulate prices of 348 essential drugs. As per the new DPCO 2013, all strengths and dosages specified in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) will be under price control. This article endeavors to provide an insight of the key aspects of the DPCO 2013 and discusses the manner in which such provisions have been implemented. Para 2(i) of the DPCO 2013 defines the term "Formulation" as a medicine processed out of or containing one or more drugs with or without use of any pharmaceutical aids, for internal or external use for or in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease and, but shall not include – i. any medicine included in any bonafide Ayurvedic (including
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2019-04-10): The first claim is that ‘1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime giving consumers total benefit of more than 10,000 crores’. [...] Pursuant to the announcement of National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy, 2012 (NPPP, 2012), Government notified the DPCO 2013 in May 2013. All the medicines specified in the National List of Essential Medicines prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and revised from time to time are included in the Schedule – I of DPCO, 2013 which are under price control in accordance with provisions of DPCO 2013. [...] Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime giving consumers total benefit of more than 10,000 crores.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-07-20): Once the initial essential medicines list is in place, to ensure remaining patient needs are addressed as quickly as possible, and to ensure a fair approach to expanding the formulary, the Canadian drug agency would use the prioritization framework (described earlier) to determine the sequence for adding drugs to the formulary. Starting from the essential medicines list, the national formulary would be expanded step-by-step until the comprehensive formulary has been achieved. As noted, assessing a broad range of drugs for clinical and cost-effectiveness and negotiating good prices and coverage conditions with manufacturers will take time. Given that we have waited for national pharmacare for over 50 years, it makes sense to take a little longer to get it right. We believe the essential medicines list can be ready for January 1, 2022, and a comprehensive national formulary should be in place no later than January 1, 2027. [...] - Essential medicines: The essential medicines list is based on the Canadian CLEAN Meds list developed by researchers at St. Michael’s hospital in Toronto. As of April 8, 2019, it included 136 primary care medicines (i.e., identified at the ATC 5 level) considered as being the most important for meeting the health needs of Canadians. In 2017, these drugs represented about 27 per cent of system wide drug spending and 42 per cent of overall prescriptions.
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2018-05-26): Making certain claims about the MUDRA scheme, the BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal. This article is a fact check of the claims.
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-03-19): Ministry of Finance is committed to provide financial inclusiveness and support to the marginalized and hitherto socio-economically neglected classes. Financial needs of all stakeholders ranging from the budding entrepreneurs to the hard-working farmers has also been catered to through various initiatives. A key initiative towards this is Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY), which has given wings to the dreams and aspirations of millions, along with a feeling of self-worth and independence. [...] Under PMMY collateral free loans of upto Rs. 10 Lakh are extended by Member Lending Institutions (MLIs) viz Scheduled Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Small Finance Banks (SFBs), Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) etc. [...] Mudra loans are offered in three categories namely, ‘Shishu’, ‘Kishore’and ‘Tarun’ which signifies the stage of growth or development and funding needs of the borrowers:- - Shishu : covering loans upto Rs. 50,000/- - Kishore : covering loans above Rs. 50,000/- and upto Rs. 5 lakh - Tarun : covering loans above Rs. 5 lakh and upto Rs. 10 lakh
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2023-11-08): The Mudra Yojana operates by offering collateral-free loans. It is categorised into three sections: [...] Fill out the Mudra loan application form, providing the necessary details about your business and funding requirements. [...] The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana is no doubt a game-changer for aspiring entrepreneurs and small business owners, by offering easy access to affordable financial support.
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2023-11-24): Ministry of Finance 69% of the total 44.46 crore loans sanctioned under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, have been sanctioned to women 84% of the total 2.09 lakh loans sanctioned under Stand-up India, have been sanctioned to women entrepreneurs [...] As on 24.11.2023, out of total 44.46 crore loans sanctioned under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), 30.64 crore (69%) have been sanctioned to women. Further under Stand-up India (SUPI), as on 24.11.2023, out of 2.09 lakh loans sanctioned, 1.77 lakh (84%) have been sanctioned to women entrepreneurs. Improved access to credit influences socio-economic growth of different sections of the society. PMMY was launched on 08.04.2015 to provide collateral free institutional credit to Small/ Micro enterprises for income generating activities. SUPI scheme was launched on 05.04.2016 to promote entrepreneurship among women and SC/ST by providing loans for setting up green field enterprises. Upliftment of women has been a major target of these schemes.
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2022-01-06): The scheme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8th April 2015 to grant loans up to Rs. 10 lakhs to the non-farm small/micro enterprises, non-corporate. Under the schemes, the loans are designated as MUDRA loans under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojna PMMY. These loans are sanctioned by Regional Rural Banks, Commercial Banks, Microfinance Institutions, Small Finance Banks, and Non-Banking Financial Companies. [...] Any Indian Citizen willing to avail of MUDRA Loans under the Scheme has to register themselves with either a Commercial Bank, MFI, or NBFCs. MUDRA under the PMMY scheme is not lent directly to individuals or micro-entrepreneurs. [...] Mudra Loans Haven’t Created 8 crore Self-Employment Opportunities, Arjun Kumar and Vivek Kaul
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-05-05): More than 28.68 crore loans for an amount of Rs. 14.96 lakh crore have been sanctioned by banks, NBFCs and MFIs since the launch of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY). [...] - MUDRA does not lend directly to micro-entrepreneurs/individuals. [...] - Loans under this scheme are collateral-free loans.
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2024-07-23): Mudra loans limit doubled to Rs 20 lakh in huge boost to MSMEs [...] In Short - Budget 2024-25 focuses on MSMEs - Mudra loan limit increased from Rs 10 lakh to Rs 20 lakh - New bank credit mechanism for MSMEs announced The Union Budget 2024-25, presented today, has put significant emphasis on the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector and labour-intensive manufacturing. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that the limit for Mudra (Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd) loans will be enhanced from Rs 10 lakh to Rs 20 lakh.
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2024-08-14): - Overall Performance: Since 2015, the scheme has supported 35 crore Micro and Small entrepreneur accounts. [...] - Loan sanctioned: About ₹23 lakh crore has been sanctioned in nearly 41 crore loan accounts - 30 crore MUDRA Yojana loans have been given to women entrepreneurs - Inclusive growth: About 69% of accounts under the scheme belong to women entrepreneurs and 51% of accounts belong to entrepreneurs of SC/ST and OBC categories - Easy availability of credit to budding entrepreneurs: Approximately 21% of the total loans have been sanctioned to New Entrepreneurs. [...] Overall, the MUDRA scheme has been successful in providing credit to small entrepreneurs. However, it faces some significant challenges that need to be addressed to make it more effective and inclusive.
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2024-06-30): - Credit Guarantee Scheme for Micro and Small Enterprises, under which Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises provides guarantee to its Member Lending Institutions (MLIs) for the credit extended by them to Micro and Small Enterprises. Collateral free loan up to a limit of Rs. 500 lakh to Micro and Small Enterprises, with a guarantee coverage up to 85 % for various categories of loan is provided under Credit Guarantee Scheme. Since inception of the scheme till 30.06.2024, 91.76 lakh guarantees were approved involving an amount of Rs. 6.78 lakh crore. [...] - Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) extends collateral free credit upto Rs. 10 lakh by Member Lending Institutions. Any individual who is otherwise eligible to take a loan and has a business plan for small business enterprise can avail loan under the Scheme for income generating activities in the manufacturing, trading, service sectors including activities allied to agriculture across three loan categories, viz. Shishu (loans up to Rs. 50,000/-), Kishore (loans above Rs. 50,000/- and up to Rs. 5 lakh) and Tarun (loans above Rs. 5 lakh and up to Rs. 10 lakh).
Claim: Collateral free loans for 12 crore small entrepreneurs under MUDRA. (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2024-07-23): In April 2015, the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) was introduced with the objective of providing micro entrepreneurs and non-farm small businesses with simple, collateral-free microcredit up to Rs 20,00,000. [...] Previously, the maximum amount of loan that can be availed of under PM Mudra loan was set at Rs 10,00,000, which will help a lot of micro small and Over 47 crore small and new entrepreneurs have benefited from the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY), which has disbursed loans totaling Rs 27.75 lakh crore to date. Rs 47,19,91,954 loans have been approved under the program thus far.