copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2017-02-24): This is not an entirely new question. People have long feared that mechanization might cause mass unemployment. This never happened, because as old professions became obsolete, new professions evolved, and there was always something humans could do better than machines. Yet this is not a law of nature, and nothing guarantees it will continue to be like that in the future. The idea that humans will always have a unique ability beyond the reach of non-conscious algorithms is just wishful thinking. The current scientific answer to this pipe dream can be summarized in three simple principles:
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2017-08-08): On Monday night, the New York Times published a draft copy of a report from 13 government agencies that affirms climate change is real and human actions are having an effect on the warming of the planet. [...] All of those mentions express serious skepticism about the phenomenon. Trump has tweeted dozens of times about how it is so cold wherever he is and how that debunks the idea the climate is changing. He was also fixated for a time on the idea that scientists were changing the preferred nomenclature from "global warming" to "climate change." [...] 8. "Give me clean, beautiful and healthy air - not the same old climate change (global warming) bullshit! I am tired of hearing this nonsense."
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-01-01): James Galloway, the Sidman P. Poole Professor of Environmental Sciences at UVA, investigates how people use resources like food and energy. He also studies the benefits and problems those resources create, like the downstream effects of fertilizers and the hidden costs of the massive amounts of energy we use to heat and cool our homes. [...] For Galloway, the book endures because it was one of the first books to illuminate the broader impact of environmental change on humans, energizing a generation of readers. [...] Today, Lerdau is a biologist interested in how plants affect the world around them – how the compounds they emit change the environment around them and how, on a larger scale, that environmental affects the atmosphere of the earth. The concept of thinking about science on a global scale wasn’t new when Silent Spring was published, but Lerdau credits the space program for making the environment a matter of central importance to scientists today.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2015-05-24): Climate as a common good 23. The climate is a common good, belonging to all and meant for all. At the global level, it is a complex system linked to many of the essential conditions for human life. A very solid scientific consensus indicates that we are presently witnessing a disturbing warming of the climatic system. In recent decades this warming has been accompanied by a constant rise in the sea level and, it would appear, by an increase of extreme weather events, even if a scientifically determinable cause cannot be assigned to each particular phenomenon. Humanity is called to recognize the need for changes of lifestyle, production and consumption, in order to combat this warming or at least the human causes which produce or aggravate it. It is true that there are other factors (such as volcanic activity, variations in the earth’s orbit and axis, the solar cycle), yet a number of scientific studies indicate that most global warming in recent decades is due to the great concentration of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides and others) released mainly as a result of human activity.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-09-22): Since the late 1980s, this well-coordinated, well-funded campaign by contrarian scientists, free-market think tanks and industry has created a paralyzing fog of doubt around climate change. Through advertisements, op-eds, lobbying and media attention, greenhouse doubters (they hate being called deniers) argued first that the world is not warming; measurements indicating otherwise are flawed, they said. Then they claimed that any warming is natural, not caused by human activities. Now they contend that the looming warming will be minuscule and harmless. [...] When a moderator at the August 23, 2023, Republican presidential debate asked the candidates to raise their hands if they believed human behavior is causing climate change, none did.[182] Entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy said, "the climate change agenda is a hoax" and that "more people are dying of climate change policies than they actually are of climate change"; none of his competitors challenged him directly on climate.[182] After investigating Ramaswamy's latter claim, a Washington Post fact check found no supporting evidence.[183] [...] Acknowledgment of climate change by politicians, while expressing uncertainty as to how much of it is due to human activity, has been described as a new form of climate denial, and "a reliable tool to manipulate public perception of climate change and stall political action".[212][213]
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2023-09-27): If a civilization is judged by the wisdom of its ways, the 21st century owes considerable gratitude to one woman, Rachel Carson, whose book Silent Spring, published in 1962, revolutionized how people understand their relationship with the natural environment. Specifically, Silent Spring explained how indiscriminate application of agricultural chemicals, pesticides, and other modern chemicals polluted our streams, damaged bird and animal populations, and caused severe medical problems for humans. But her treatise did much more. Silent Spring introduced a paradigm shift in how chemists practice their discipline and how society at large relates to science. [...] "At a time when humans largely believed themselves to be apart from nature and destined to control it, Carson argued passionately that nature is, in fact, a network of interconnections and interdependencies and that humans are a part of that network and threaten its cohesion at their own peril. ...What is mainstream today was heretical in 1962, and I think this part of Carson’s argument is what earned her such enmity when Silent Spring was published." Carson, who died in 1964, inspired a new paradigm of thinking—where humanity is not the center of life on earth, but part of nature. The legacy of Silent Spring continues today in the scientific community’s increased focus on environmentally friendly practices and the public’s heightened support for sustainability in all areas of our lives.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2021-08-25): Humans are too stupid to prevent climate change from radically impacting on our lives over the coming decades. This is the stark conclusion of James Lovelock, the globally respected environmental thinker and independent scientist who developed the Gaia theory. [...] "I don't think we're yet evolved to the point where we're clever enough to handle a complex a situation as climate change," said Lovelock in his first in-depth interview since the theft of the UEA emails last November. "The inertia of humans is so huge that you can't really do anything meaningful." [...] "That would be the sort of event that would change public opinion," he said. "Or a return of the dust bowl in the mid-west. Another Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report won't be enough. We'll just argue over it like now." The IPCC's 2007 report concluded that there was a 90% chance that greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are causing global warming, but the panel has been criticised over a mistaken claim that all Himalayan glaciers could melt by 2030.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-06-10): How a courageous woman took on the chemical industry and raised important questions about humankind's impact on nature. [...] The most important legacy of Silent Spring, though, was a new public awareness that nature was vulnerable to human intervention. Carson had made a radical proposal: that, at times, technological progress is so fundamentally at odds with natural processes that it must be curtailed. Conservation had never raised much broad public interest, for few people really worried about the disappearance of wilderness. But the threats Carson had outlined—the contamination of the food chain, cancer, genetic damage, the deaths of entire species—were too frightening to ignore. For the first time, the need to regulate industry in order to protect the environment became widely accepted, and environmentalism was born. Carson was well aware of the larger implications of her work. Appearing on a CBS documentary about Silent Spring shortly before her death from breast cancer in 1964, she remarked, "Man's attitude toward nature is today critically important simply because we have now acquired a fateful power to alter and destroy nature. But man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself? [We are] challenged as mankind has never been challenged before to prove our maturity and our mastery, not of nature, but of ourselves."
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2022-07-23): "He basically told me something along the lines of 'It's nonsense'," Lance recalls. [...] If someone close to you believes climate change is a hoax, you may find it hard to do what Lance did. [...] Lance says there is a common misconception that people who don't believe that climate change is real are "stupid or uneducated".
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-03-29): Well, actually… 99 percent of scientists agree that climate change is happening and that humans are the primary cause. To put this into perspective, we are more sure that humans are causing climate change than we are that smoking causes cancer. [...] This is because climate change is compounding the effects of other already-existing detrimental human activities like overfishing and deforestation.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2023-04-06): Instead of feeling out of the loop, I’ve begun to feel like the only one in the loop. Instead of my friends explaining the world to me, I often find myself in the position of talking them off the ledge, explaining that no, this isn’t new or unique; yes, these things happen all the time; no, we’re not going to war; yes, it sucks—but we’ve survived worse. Somehow, despite not reading dozens of op-ed screeds or watching hours of talking heads bobble about the crisis du jour, I’ve found myself more informed. Calmer. More level-headed… than almost anyone I know. [...] - Despite the fact the first international climate agreement was signed in 1992 by 154 countries, news media has just only recently started covering climate change with any significance—and if we’re being honest, it’s probably just to go along with all the natural disasters that they’ve been milking. [...] The news doesn’t show you how bad humans are at predicting the future. How pretty much every projection, scientific or not, ends up incredibly inaccurate. It doesn’t tell you that we’ve been predicting civilization-leveling catastrophes since pretty much the dawn of human thought—and every time, we have been wrong.
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-03-03): Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections are very common during winter. Most of them are mild but complications can lead to pneumonia and bronchiolitis, especially in babies and older adults. RSV vaccines are effective and recommended for people above 60. Current evidence indicates their benefits outweigh their risks. Further research is needed to determine if these vaccines are associated with a higher risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-10-03): - CDC recommends a single dose of any FDA-licensed RSV vaccine for all adults ages 75 and older and adults ages 60–74 at increased risk of severe RSV. [...] Vaccine guidance for healthcare providers for the use of the RSV maternal vaccine (Pfizer's Abrysvo).
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-06-13): New RSV shots tied to rare nervous system disorder — should you worry? [...] The new RSV vaccines approved for older adults may be linked to a slightly increased risk of a rare neurological condition, a recent analysis finds. [...] Health officials still recommend getting the RSV vaccines because the risk of developing Guillain-Barré is so low compared with the risk posed by an RSV infection, said Dr. Simon Drysdale, a pediatric infectious disease specialist in the Oxford Vaccine Group. For adults over 60 living in high-income countries, their risk of dying from RSV if they're hospitalized with the infection is 7%, Drysdale said, citing 2023 research published in the journal Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses.
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-10-03): In clinical trials assessing the safety of RSV vaccines in adults ages 60 years and older, the frequency of serious adverse events (SAEs) was similar in the vaccinated group compared to the placebo (control, or unvaccinated) group. Among adults ages 60 years and older receiving GSK (Arexvy) and Pfizer (Abrysvo) RSV vaccines, a small number of people developed serious neurologic conditions, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), within 42 days after vaccination. Given the small number, it was unclear if the vaccines caused these events or if they occurred due to chance. Among adults ages 60 years and older receiving the Moderna RSV vaccine (mResvia), there were no reported cases of GBS within 42 days after vaccination. [...] - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). ACIP Presentation Slides: September 22, 2023 Meeting. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/slides-2023-09-22.html - Hause AM, Moro PL, Baggs J, et al. Early Safety Findings Among Persons Aged ≥60 Years Who Received a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine — United States, May 3, 2023–April 14, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:489–494.
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-02-29): The new vaccines that protect older adults against respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, may be linked to a small increased risk of developing Guillain-Barré syndrome, new data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration suggest. [...] There have been concerns the new RSV vaccines, which were first brought to market last fall, might carry an increased risk of GBS after three cases were detected among people in the vaccine arms of the clinical trials Pfizer and GSK conducted to persuade the FDA to license the products. [...] CDC vaccine experts told the ACIP that a risk-benefit analysis the agency conducted continues to support use of the vaccines in people aged 60 and older, because of the burden of RSV disease in that population. For every 1 million doses of RSV vaccine given, between 2,400 and 2,700 RSV hospitalizations, 450 to 520 intensive care unit admissions, and 120 to 140 deaths are averted, the agency estimated.
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-08-07): Vaccines protect against many infectious diseases, including some that can directly or indirectly cause nervous system damage. Serious neurological consequences of immunization are typically extremely rare, although they have the potential to jeopardize vaccination programmes, as demonstrated most recently during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurologists have an important role in identifying safety signals at population and individual patient levels, as well as providing advice on the benefit–risk profile of vaccination in cohorts of patients with diverse neurological conditions. This article reviews the links between vaccination and neurological disease and considers how emerging signals can be evaluated and their mechanistic basis identified. We review examples of neurotropic infections with live attenuated vaccines, as well as neuroimmunological and neurovascular sequelae of other types of vaccines. We emphasize that such risks are typically dwarfed by neurological complications associated with natural infection and discuss how the risks can be further mitigated. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to rapidly identify and minimize neurological risks of vaccination, and we review the structures that need to be developed to protect public health against these risks in the future. [...] Very rare neurological complications of vaccination include neuroimmunological conditions such as Guillain–Barré syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and narcolepsy, and neurovascular conditions such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and stroke. [...] Willison, A. G. et al. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and neuroimmunological disease: a review. JAMA Neurol.81, 179–186 (2024).
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2023-10-12): RSV generally causes mild upper respiratory disease in healthy adults. But for adults 60 or older with certain underlying conditions or other risk factors, RSV can cause serious illness. For example, those with chronic medical conditions such as lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurologic or neuromuscular conditions, kidney disorders, liver disorders, diabetes or moderate or severe immune compromise are good candidates for RSV vaccination, according to the CDC. [...] As with other vaccines, patients can expect some side effects from RSV vaccination. Some of the common side effects include fatigue, fever, headache, muscle or joint pain, nausea and diarrhea. The side effects are typically mild, says the CDC. But there is an important safety concern that requires a close look—a risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome and other inflammatory neurologic events. Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by ascending weakness and paralysis. The CDC will conduct post-marketing safety surveillance to further inform RSV vaccine recommendations.
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Prefusion anti-RSV vaccines are efficacious in the prevention of LTRI/LTRD and ARI/ARD cases. More studies regarding severe LTRI/LTRD are necessary in the future. [...] About RSV 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/about/index.html. Accessed 3 Jul 2024 [...] Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2023-02-24): Two people who received Pfizer’s respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine during a clinical trial were later diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome, and the US Food and Drug Administration has asked Pfizer to conduct a safety study if the shot is approved, according to agency documents released Friday. [...] RSV is a highly contagious virus that causes flu-like illness in people of all ages that increases in severity with age. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, RSV is responsible for an estimated 177,000 hospitalizations and 14,000 deaths per year among adults 65 or older. [...] GSK’s RSV vaccine candidate for older adults was 94.1% effective at preventing severe lower respiratory tract disease and 82.6% effective in preventing illness overall. The company similarly reported a potential case of Guillain-Barre syndrome among vaccine recipients but said there was insufficient evidence to confirm a diagnosis. The FDA considers the case to be related to the vaccine and said it will review GSK’s safety plan.
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-07-02): CDC Updates RSV Vaccination Recommendation for Adults [...] Today, CDC updated its recommendation for the use of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccines in people ages 60 and older. For this upcoming respiratory virus season, CDC recommends: [...] "The CDC has updated its RSV vaccination recommendation for older adults to prioritize those at highest risk for serious illness from RSV," said Mandy Cohen, M.D., M.P.H. "People 75 or older, or between 60-74 with certain chronic health conditions or living in a nursing home should get one dose of the RSV vaccine to provide an extra layer of protection."
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-08-14): The 2023 shared clinical decision-making RSV vaccination recommendation was made in the setting of uncertainty in some portions of the evidence profile. RCTs of both protein subunit vaccines (GSK Arexvy and Pfizer Abrysvo) were underpowered to demonstrate protection against RSV-associated hospitalization or death, and enrolled few participants who were frail or aged ≥75 years. Although both vaccines were well-tolerated and exhibited an acceptable safety profile, a small number of inflammatory neurologic events, including GBS, were observed after RSV vaccination in clinical trials. Because of the small number of GBS cases in the trials, it was unclear whether they represented an association between RSV vaccination and GBS or occurred because of chance alone. Acknowledging these uncertainties, in June 2023 ACIP recommended shared clinical decision-making to encourage providers and patients to consider individual risk of RSV disease (2); however, shared clinical decision-making has drawbacks. Providers find it confusing and time-consuming to implement (12,13). After one season of RSV vaccine availability, vaccination coverage among adults with chronic medical conditions has been only modestly higher than that among adults without conditions (14).
Claim: RSV vaccines are linked to deaths and neurological disorders; the CDC glossed over reports of deaths among vaccinated individuals (Michael Nevradakis, 2024-03-03)
Evidence (2024-02-29): Officials investigate rare nervous system disorder in older adults who got RSV vaccine NEW YORK (AP) — Health officials are investigating whether there’s a link between two new RSV vaccines and cases of a rare nervous system disorder in older U.S. adults. [...] CDC officials also presented estimates that the vaccines have prevented thousands of hospitalizations and hundreds of deaths from RSV, and that current data indicates the benefits of vaccination outweigh the possible risks.