copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Placing raw onion on the bottom of the feet eliminates illness (Social Media Users, 2023-12-27)
Evidence (2023-03-14): You may have heard of putting onion in your socks as a remedy for colds and other illnesses. Another folk remedy that’s currently popular is putting a raw potato in your socks. [...] The claim is that putting sliced raw potatoes against the bottom of your feet — and wearing socks to hold them in place — can help cure cold and flu symptoms likes coughs, runny nose, congestion, and fever. [...] Nutrition expert Dr. Ruth MacDonald at Iowa State University confirms that the potatoes in your socks cannot cure a cold or any kind of illness. Similarly, an onion cannot get rid of viruses in your body through the bottom of your feet.
Claim: Placing raw onion on the bottom of the feet eliminates illness (Social Media Users, 2023-12-27)
Evidence (2020-06-16): Fact check: Leaving raw onions around your house won’t prevent illnesses [...] An old wives' tale that keeping raw, unpeeled onions out will keep your family safe from illnesses such as the flu is making the rounds on Facebook. [...] We rate the claim that raw onions can help prevent illness or keep people healthy as FALSE, based on our research. Though onions have recognized health benefits, there is no scientific evidence that an unpeeled onion can absorb germs and protect from viruses or bacteria. It’s also false that onions are a magnet for food poisoning.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-02-02): Scientists cannot predict whether grand solar minimum, which is a decades-long period of lower solar activity, is coming. But even if one occurred, the consequences for average global temperatures would be minimal. Human-caused greenhouse gas emissions will continue to impact average temperatures much more strongly than solar activity cycles.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-02-12): CLAIM: EARTH could be braced for a ‘mini ICE-AGE' as experts warn a solar minimum could last until the 2050s. [...] According to Nasa, the Sun will reach its lowest activity in over 200 years in 2020. UPDATE (12 Feb. 2020): The Sun has significantly rewritten this article, including changing the headline to "Claim that Earth will enter ‘mini Ice Age’ for 30 years is wrong, top scientists reveal". It now reads, in part: "One researcher warned that the Sun entering a natural ‘hibernation’ would trigger food shortages and temperature slumps – but current data suggests this is completely untrue." [...] Several articles repeat a claim (seen frequently at certain outlets like The Express) that a "mini ice age", triggered by an extended period of unusually low solar activity is on the horizon. There are two problems with this claim: 1) the solar prediction does not reflect a consensus of scientists, and 2) an extended period of unusually low solar activity would not cause global cooling.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2019-02-06): When most of us think about Ice Ages, we imagine a slow transition into a colder climate on long time scales. Indeed, studies of the past million years indicate a repeatable cycle of Earth’s climate going from warm periods ("interglacial", as we are experiencing now) to glacial conditions. [...] Since the end of the present interglacial and the slow march to the next Ice Age may be several millennia away, why should we care? In fact, won’t the build-up of carbon dioxide (CO²) and other greenhouse gasses possibly ameliorate future changes? [...] These changes are twice as large as those experienced in the worst winters of the past century in the eastern US, and are likely to persist for decades to centuries after a climate transition occurs. They are of a magnitude comparable to the Little Ice Age, which had profound effects on human settlements in Europe and North America during the 16th through 18th centuries. Their geographic extent is in doubt; it might be limited to regions bounding the N. Atlantic Ocean. High latitude temperature changes in the ocean are much less capable of affecting the global atmosphere than low latitude ones, such as those produced by El Niño.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2024-10-08): - Francois Lapointe, Raymond S. Bradley. Little Ice Age abruptly triggered by intrusion of Atlantic waters into the Nordic Seas. Science Advances, 2021; 7 (51) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8230
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2021-02-18): But it's worth noting that Earth has been in an ice age for about 3 million years, while modern humans have only been around for about 200,000. It's also worth noting that most people don't really mean ice age when they say "ice age." The current ice age is one of at least five in Earth's history. Each ice age is punctuated by shorter cycles of relatively warm weather when glaciers retreat (interglacial periods) and cold cycles when glaciers advance (glacial periods). Sometimes people refer to these glacial periods as "ice ages," which can be confusing. The current interglacial — which includes the Little Ice Age, aka Maunder minimum — began about 11,000 years ago. Research suggests it may last another 50,000 years. Even if the predicted drop in solar activity does significantly affect Earth's climate, no one is saying it would usher in a new glacial period. At most, a "mini ice age" would likely resemble the Little Ice Age of 1645, which didn't involve globally advancing glaciers but did involve local glaciation as well as agricultural hardship for Northern Europe. Still, there's ample reason to doubt even this milder outcome. 2.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2017-01-22): Oddly enough, an Ice Age has gripped the Earth for most of the last 2.6 million years, and we’re currently experiencing an unusually warm break from this so-called Quaternary glaciation, which temporarily lifted around 12,000 years ago. How long the ongoing ‘interglacial’ period will last depends partly on changes in the orbital size, shape and axial tilt of the Earth, and thus the intensity of sunlight, and also global warming – both natural and man-made. Earlier this year, a team at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany, published research suggesting a complex link between sunlight and atmospheric CO2, leading to natural global warming. By itself, this will delay the next Ice Age by at least 50,000 years. Add in the effect of man-made global warming, and the delay is increased to 100,000 years.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2017-03-27): The big ice ages account for roughly 25 percent of the past billions of years on Earth, says Sandstrom. The most recent of Earth’s five major ice ages in the paleo record dates back 2.7 million years and continues today. Within these large periods are smaller ice ages called glacials and warm periods called interglacials. [...] At a Glance - There have been five big ice ages in Earth's 4.5-billion-year lifespan and scientists say we're due for another one.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2015-07-15): Earlier this week, we wrote about a presentation given by mathematics professor Valentina Zharkova from Northumbria University in the UK at the annual National Astronomy Meeting in Wales, in which she compared three solar cycles 15 years in the future to the Maunder Minimum - a 'mini ice age' that plunged the northern hemisphere into a series of bitterly cold winters between 1645 and 1715.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2024-02-05): For hundreds of thousands of years, the Earth has gone through repeated cycles of warming and cooling. Roughly every hundred thousand years, there has been an ice age,1 driven by changes in the planet’s tilt and orbit that allowed less sunlight to reach the Arctic. Between these ice ages have been periods of warming. [...] But there are also key differences between the last significant period of warming and the modern day. First, today’s warming breaks from the historical cycle. In fact, before human-caused warming began, scientists believe the Earth was roughly due to enter a cooling cycle (although research to confirm this is ongoing).2 [...] Get the latest from Ask MIT Climate monthly in your inbox 1 The term "ice age" can be used in different ways. In some contexts, scientists use this term to refer to five very long periods of the Earth’s history when there has been ice at the poles. By this definition, we’re still in an ice age today! We’re just in an "interglacial period" of our ice age, when the planet is somewhat warmer and glaciers have retreated closer to the poles. In casual conversation, though, "ice age" usually refers to the colder "glacial periods" when ice has descended further south—including the most recent "ice age" when mammoths and saber-toothed tigers roamed the Northern Hemisphere.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2022-04-19): The exact date and severity of the event is still in question, but the clues all point to things bottoming out around the year 2050. It could start as soon as 2030, however. Just for reference, the Maunder Minimum lasted from 1645 until about 1715.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2015-07-13): A mini ice age could hit the Earth in the 2030s, the first such event to occur since the early 1700s. New mathematical models of the Sun's solar cycle developed at Northumbria University suggest solar activity will see a "significant" drop, causing temperatures on Earth to plummet. The last mini ice age occurred between 1645 and 1715 and caused temperatures in northern Europe to fall dramatically, with London's River Thames freezing over during winter and sea ice extending for miles around the UK. The prolonged cold snap, known as the Maunder Minimum, has been linked to a reduction in the number of sunspots, as observed by scientists at the time.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2017-12-27): Scientists predict 'mini ice age' could hit UK by 2030 [...] A mini ice age that would freeze major rivers could hit Britain in less than two decades, according to research from universities in the UK and Russia. [...] But she cautions that her mathematical research cannot be used as proof that there will be a mini ice age this time around, not least because of global warming.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2024-02-10): The idea of a mini ice age occurring by 2030 has gained traction in recent years, sparking a considerable amount of speculation and debate among scientists and the general public. To understand this concept, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of what a mini ice age entails. [...] While some scientists argue that we are on the verge of entering a mini ice age by 2030, it is important to treat this claim with caution. Predicting long-term climate trends is an inherently complex task and requires a comprehensive understanding of the various factors that influence the Earth’s climate system. [...] In conclusion, while the idea of a mini ice age by 2030 has gained attention, it is important to treat this claim with caution. While solar activity can influence short-term climate variability, it is unlikely to offset the long-term warming trend caused by human-induced factors. Climate models and scientific consensus suggest that the likelihood of a mini ice age occurring by 2030 is relatively low. Regardless of this possibility, it is essential to focus on addressing climate change through mitigation and adaptation strategies to ensure a sustainable and resilient future.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2022-09-19): So, could we one day see the abrupt climate change depicted in "The Day After Tomorrow"? Or can we expect a more gradual transition to a "mini Ice Age" as some have speculated? [...] To look into our climate future, we need to review the past. An Ice Age is a "glacial period" in which the Earth’s surface and atmosphere cools by over 5°C, causing the polar ice caps and glaciers to expand. Brought on by naturally-occurring shifts in the Earth’s orbit and tilt, which change where solar energy hits Earth’s surface, these periods occur fairly regularly and can last tens of thousands of years. [...] For those who look to the possibility of an impending Little Ice Age to counterbalance the impacts of human-induced climate change, the scientists say, be careful what you wish for.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2017-12-29): During the winter months, colder weather typically doesn’t phase residents of the midwest or northeast United States. But things may get chillier in the coming years as scientists are predicting a mini-ice age with temperatures dropping in 2021, all thanks to the sun’s solar cycle. [...] The models show that two of the sun’s magnetic waves will decrease and become out of sync starting in 2021. As a result, the solar cycles will end up canceling each other out, sending the world into a mini-ice age that will last 33 years. [...] "I hope global warming will be overridden by this effect, giving humankind and the Earth 30 years to sort out our pollution," Zharkova told Sky News. "We have to be sorted by that time and prepare everything on Earth for the next big solar activity," she said.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2015-07-15): Wouldn’t it be great if scientists could make their minds up? One minute they’re telling us our planet is warming up due to human activity and we run the risk of potentially devastating environmental change. Next, they’re warning that the Earth is heading for a mini ice age in the next 15 years. [...] Given the apparently strong link between low solar activity and the Little Ice Age reported in the press, it’s understandable that the prospect of a return to Maunder minimum conditions has stimulated a lot of interest. [...] We may well be heading towards a period of low solar activity, but a new mini ice age seems very unlikely at this point.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-02-13): 6 min read "Pink elephant in the room" time: There is no impending "ice age" or "mini ice age" if there's a reduction in the Sun’s energy output in the next several decades. [...] But every so often, the Sun becomes quieter for longer periods of time, experiencing much fewer sunspots and giving off less energy. This is called a "Grand Solar Minimum," and the last time this happened, it coincided with a period called the "Little Ice Age" (a period of extremely low solar activity from approximately AD 1650 to 1715 in the Northern Hemisphere, when a combination of cooling from volcanic aerosols and low solar activity produced lower surface temperatures). [...] The largest recent event -- the "Maunder Minimum," which lasted from 1645 and 1715 — overlapped with the "Little Ice Age" (13th to mid-19th century). While scientists continue to research whether an extended solar minimum could have contributed to cooling the climate, there is little evidence that the Maunder Minimum sparked the Little Ice Age, or at least not entirely by itself (notably, the Little Ice Age began before the Maunder Minimum). Current theories on what caused the Little Ice Age consider that a variety of events could have contributed, with natural fluctuations in ocean circulation, changes in land use by humans and cooling from a less active sun also playing roles; overall, cooling caused by volcanic aerosols likely played the title role.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-02-06): Claims of a coming 30-year "mini ice age" are not supported by science [...] UPDATE (12 Feb. 2020): The Sun has significantly rewritten this article, including changing the headline to "Claim that Earth will enter ‘mini Ice Age’ for 30 years is wrong, top scientists reveal". It now reads, in part: "One researcher warned that the Sun entering a natural ‘hibernation’ would trigger food shortages and temperature slumps – but current data suggests this is completely untrue." [...] Several articles repeat a claim (seen frequently at certain outlets like The Express) that a "mini ice age", triggered by an extended period of unusually low solar activity is on the horizon. There are two problems with this claim: 1) the solar prediction does not reflect a consensus of scientists, and 2) an extended period of unusually low solar activity would not cause global cooling.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2019-11-13): We can only hope that the mini ice age will not be as severe as it was during the Maunder Minimum.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2015-07-16): The arrival of intense cold similar to the one raged during the "Little Ice Age", which froze the world during the XVII century and in the beginning of the XVIII century, is expected in the years 2030--2040. These conclusions were presented by Prof. V.Zharkova (Northumbria University) during the National Astronomy Meeting in Llandudno in Wales by the international group of scientists, which also includes Dr Helen Popova of the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics and of the Faculty of Physics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, professor Simon Shepherd of Bradford University (UK) and Dr Sergei Zharkov of Hull University (UK). [...] "Given that our future minimum will last for at least three solar cycles, which is about 30 years, it is possible, that the lowering of the temperature will not be as deep as during the Maunder minimum. But we will have to examine it in detail. We keep in touch with climatologists from different countries. We plan to work in this direction", -- Dr Helen Popova said.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-02-02): Earth Might Witness 'Mini Ice Age' For Next 30 Years, As The Sun About Hit Its 'Solar Minimum' [...] According to scientists, a ‘solar minimum’ is about to grip the Earth and our planet could face cold weather and harsh snow storm for the next 30 years - a mini ice age.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2001-12-06): A new NASA computer climate model reinforces the long-standing theory that low solar activity could have changed the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere from the 1400s to the 1700s and triggered a "Little Ice Age" in several regions including North America and Europe. Changes in the sun's energy was one of the biggest factors influencing climate change during this period, but have since been superceded by greenhouse gases due to the industrial revolution. [...] During the coldest part of the Little Ice Age, from 1645 to 1715, there is believed to have been a decrease in the total energy output from the Sun, as indicated by little or no sunspot activity. Known as the Maunder Minimum, astronomers of the time observed only about 50 sunspots for a 30-year period as opposed to a more typical 40-50,000 spots. The Sun normally shows signs of variability, such as its eleven-year sunspot cycle. Within that time, it goes from a minimum to a maximum period of activity represented by a peak in sunspots and flare activity. [...] "The period of low solar activity in the middle ages led to atmospheric changes that seem to have brought on the Little Ice Age. However, we need to keep in mind that variations in solar output have had far less impact on the Earth's recent climate than human actions," Shindell said. "The biggest catalyst for climate change today are greenhouse gases," he added.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-02-04): London: Scientists from the University of Northumbria warned that the Earth could face frosty weather and intense snow storms over the next 30 years as an ominous "solar minimum" grips the planet. [...] These only occur once every 400 years or so and most of the effects will be harmless. Professor Zharkova, however, warned icy spells and wet summers could persist until solar activity picks up again in 2053. She listed recent unusual chills in Canada and Iceland as evidence of the Grand solar Minimum (GSM) already taking hold.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-02-05): Earth Is About To Enter A 30-Year ‘Mini Ice Age الأرض ستدخل عصرا جليديا مصغرا لمدة 30 عاما Earth is bracing for a solar minimum: a dormant period in which the Sun radiates less energy or heat at our planet than usual. Scientists have warned that as a result of the Sun’s inactivity, Earth is likely to witness a ‘mini ice age’ that could bring extreme winters and chilly cold storms over the next 30 years. According to NASA, the Sun will reach its lowest activity in over 200 years in 2020. As it further goes into its natural hibernation phase, Earth will experience extremely cold spells which will trigger food shortages across the planet. The average temperatures could drop as much as one degree Celsius in a period lasting about 12 months. That might not sound a lot but a whole degree fall would have a significant impact on global average temperatures.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2021-10-11): Prior to that, the Earth experienced an ice age lasting for tens of thousands of years. The past million years of the Earth’s history has been characterised by a series of ice ages broken up by relatively short periods of warmer temperatures. [...] The Earth has experienced a number of periods over the past million years in which large continental ice sheets have covered much of the northern hemisphere. These ice ages are associated with a large drop in global temperatures – 4C or more below today’s levels – with much larger changes over land and in the high latitudes. [...] The fact that relatively small changes in external forcings can drive such a large planetary response during ice ages should serve as a cautionary example. This is because human emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases push the Earth further out of the range of climate conditions that have characterised the past few million years.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-01-29): A one-degree global change is significant because it takes a vast amount of heat to warm all of the oceans, the atmosphere, and the land masses by that much. In the past, a one- to two-degree drop was all it took to plunge the Earth into the Little Ice Age. A five-degree drop was enough to bury a large part of North America under a towering mass of ice 20,000 years ago.
Claim: Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ (Harry Pettit, Sean Martin, 2020-02-02)
Evidence (2020-02-10): Claim that Earth will enter ‘mini Ice Age’ for 30 years is wrong, top scientists reveal A SCARY claim that Earth is about to enter a "Mini Ice Age" for 30 years is probably wrong, according to top scientists. [...] Professor Zharkova, who is a controversial figure in the scientific community, claimed: "We can only hope that the mini ice age will not be as severe as it was during the Maunder Minimum.