copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2023-09-11): The COVID-19 vaccines (COMIRNATY®) by Pfizer and BioNTech are based on BioNTech’s proprietary mRNA technology and were developed by both companies. BioNTech is the Marketing Authorization Holder for COMIRNATY and its adapted vaccines (COMIRNATY Original/Omicron BA.1; COMIRNATY Original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5; COMIRNATY Omicron XBB.1.5) in the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom and other countries, and the holder of emergency use authorizations or equivalents in the United States (jointly with Pfizer) and other countries. [...] *Hereafter referred to as Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine [...] - difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, a fast heartbeat, a bad rash all over the body, or dizziness and weakness - Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the lining outside the heart) have occurred in some people who have received mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Myocarditis and pericarditis following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines have occurred most commonly in adolescent males 12 through 17 years of age. In most of these individuals, symptoms began within a few days following vaccination. The chance of having this occur is very low. Seek medical attention right away if your child has any of the following symptoms after receiving the vaccine, particularly during the 2 weeks after receiving a dose of the vaccine:
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2024-09-04): The updated mRNA COVID vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer are based on the KP.2 strain, one of the FLiRT variants that have been spreading since early spring. These variants and their sub-variants have caused the majority of infections during this summer’s COVID wave. The protein-based Novavax vaccine is based on the JN.1 variant, which accounted for the majority of COVID infections in the first few months of 2024 and is the parent strain from which KP.2 and other currently circulating variants branch from. [...] Between the two mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer, there is no reason to get one over the other. They target the same KP.2 variant, are similarly effective, and elicit similar side effects. [...] If you’ve never been vaccinated against COVID, now is a great time to start. People 5 years of age and older are considered up to date on COVID vaccination once they receive one dose of an updated mRNA COVID vaccine.
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2024-08-16): NEW YORK & MAINZ, Germany--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE, "Pfizer") and BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX, "BioNTech") today announced top-line results from their Phase 3 clinical trial to evaluate the companies’ combined mRNA vaccine candidate against influenza and COVID-19 in healthy individuals 18-64 years of age. The combination candidate consists of Pfizer’s mRNA-based influenza vaccine candidate with the companies’ licensed COVID-19 vaccine. The Phase 3 trial measured two primary immunogenicity objectives (immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 as well as immunogenicity against influenza A and B), of which one was met. In a separate Phase 2 trial, Pfizer evaluated trivalent ("tIRV") influenza mRNA standalone vaccine candidates which demonstrated robust immunogenicity in individuals 18-64 years of age. The companies are evaluating adjustments to the combination vaccine candidate aimed at improving immune responses against influenza B and will discuss next steps with health authorities. [...] Additional side effects that have been reported with COMIRNATY or Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines include:
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2014-04-08): Children who have never received a COVID-19 vaccine should follow this schedule: [...] People who have a weakened immune system and received previous COVID-19 vaccines should get at least one updated vaccine dose. They can get additional updated doses at least two months after the last updated vaccine dose if recommended by their provider. People who have a weakened immune system and have never received a COVID-19 vaccine should get three vaccine doses as part of their initial vaccine series. They can then get additional doses, as noted above.
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2024-09-09): The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines contain messenger RNA (mRNA), which is a type of genetic material. After a person gets the vaccine, the mRNA enters cells in the body and tells them to make copies of the COVID-19 virus’s "spike" protein (the protein that normally helps the virus infect human cells). This doesn’t cause disease, but it does help teach your immune system to recognize and attack the virus if the body is exposed to it in the future. [...] For people who do not have a weakened immune system, the CDC recommends the following, based on a person’s age and if they've received a COVID vaccine before: [...] The COVID-19 vaccines might not be as effective in people with weakened immune systems. This includes, for example, people who:
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): For 2024-2025, FDA has approved and authorized two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, (Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines) and one protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine (Novavax COVID-19 vaccine). For more information about doses, view COVID-19 vaccine recommendations from CDC. [...] Vaccines teach our immune system how to fight against a specific virus. Like other viruses, COVID-19 changes over time, leading to new variants. Updated vaccines provide protection against these variants. By staying up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccine doses, you can greatly reduce your risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and death. [...] For more vaccine safety information, visit COVID-19 vaccine resources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): The COVID-19 vaccine lessens the severity of COVID-19 by teaching the immune system to recognize and fight the virus that causes the disease. [...] What should parents know about the COVID-19 vaccine and children? [...] Natural immunity is the antibody protection your body creates against a germ once you’ve been infected with it. Natural immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19 is no better than vaccine-acquired immunity, and it comes with greater risks. Studies show that natural immunity to the virus weakens over time and does so faster than immunity provided by COVID-19 vaccination.
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2022-09-23): The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are both available under emergency use authorization (EUA) for children over 6 months of age. This means that the benefits of vaccination outweigh any risks, and there is a substantial amount of data that shows the vaccines are safe and effective for children. But it is not clear whether the vaccine doses given to children are as effective as they could be and whether children respond to vaccination the same way that adults do. In a small study supported by the National Cancer Institute; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, researchers examined children after their COVID-19 vaccinations to learn more about their immune response. [...] This research helps show how children respond to vaccination and infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The findings suggest that giving children a higher dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine might allow them to recruit more of their immune system to fight an infection.
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2023-09-11): A study from researchers at the University of Melbourne[1] became the basis of claims on social media that the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine damaged children’s immune response against other diseases. One example of such a claim can be seen in this article by the Florida Standard. It claimed that the study "shows weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot". The website also added that "this caution perhaps seems like a bizarre afterthought, since children around the world are injected with mRNA COVID-19 shots as a matter of routine". This statement implied that health authorities, vaccine manufacturers and researchers alike had overlooked a risk to children’s safety. Another example of this claim comes from writer Alex Berenson, who claimed on his Substack page that "The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children" and evoked a "long-term immune deficiency".
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2023-05-17): As part of a bigger plan, the FDA also announced that the current bivalent mRNA vaccines will replace the original monovalent Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, which target the original, or ancestral, SARS-CoV-2 virus strain; they are no longer authorized for use in the U.S. [...] Because the monovalent (original) mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are no longer authorized for use in the U.S., unvaccinated children 6 months through 4 years of age may receive a three-dose primary series of the Pfizer-BioNTech bivalent vaccine. Those who are unvaccinated and 6 months through 5 years of age may get a two-dose primary series of the Moderna bivalent vaccine. Children in the above-mentioned age groups who have already received one, two, or three doses of a monovalent COVID-19 vaccine may get a bivalent shot, but the number of doses they receive will depend on the type of vaccine (Moderna or Pfizer) they’ve already received, their age, and vaccination history.
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2024-03-09): Status: Pfizer’s vaccine has been updated over time to target new virus variants. First introduced in December 2020, the original COVID mRNA vaccines from both Pfizer and Moderna protected against the original SARS-CoV-2 virus. They have been replaced three times since then with shots targeting different iterations of the Omicron strain of the virus. In 2022, "bivalent" vaccines targeted both the original virus and Omicron variants BA.4 and BA.5; in 2023, a monovalent shot targeted the XBB lineage of the Omicron variant; and in 2024, a new updated shot aims to protect against KP.2, which circulated in the U.S. earlier in the year. The previous vaccines are no longer in use. [...] In December 2020, Pfizer-BioNTech’s Phase 3 clinical data for its original vaccine showed 95% efficacy for preventing symptomatic COVID. Later data on real-world effectiveness for adults showed that the protection from the mRNA two-dose primary series waned over time, suggesting that updated vaccines would be needed to bring the immune system back to robust levels. [...] Moderna’s initial Phase 3 clinical data in December 2020 was similar to Pfizer-BioNTech’s—both vaccines showed about 95% efficacy for prevention of COVID. Later data on real-world effectiveness for adults showed that the protection from the mRNA two-dose primary series wanes over time, but booster doses brought the immune system back to robust levels.
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2021-12-23): Myocarditis and/or pericarditis following vaccination with mRNA and other COVID-19 vaccines [...] Very rare cases of Bell's palsy (typically temporary weakness or paralysis on one side of the face) have been reported following vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty original or Moderna Spikevax original) among individuals aged 12 years and older. The Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty and Moderna Spikevax product monographs list Bell's palsy as a possible adverse effect. However, available evidence is not currently sufficient to support a causal relationship between the mRNA vaccines and Bell's palsy. Symptoms of Bell's palsy appear suddenly and generally start to improve after a few weeks. The exact cause of Bell's palsy is unknown. It's believed to be the result of swelling and inflammation of the nerve that controls muscles on the face. [...] Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children or in adults (MIS-C or MIS-A) following vaccination with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2024-05-01): COVID vaccines train your immune system to fight off COVID-19. Most work by giving your body a set of instructions (mRNA) to make a harmless piece of the virus for your immune system to recognize. Others work by causing an immune reaction to COVID’s spike protein. You might have some side effects like a sore arm, muscle aches or fatigue. [...] COVID vaccines, like all vaccines, work by training your immune system to fight off harmful germs (pathogens) that attempt to invade your body. But what does that mean? First, we have to understand how your immune system fights off viruses, bacteria and other pathogens. [...] mRNA vaccines don’t use a part of the virus to train your immune system. Instead, they give your body instructions that it uses to manufacture harmless proteins that look like parts of the virus (in the case of COVID, the spike protein). Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines are mRNA vaccines. Your body uses the mRNA instructions to make the spike protein for your immune system to recognize.
Claim: A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” (Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg, 2023-11-09)
Evidence (2021-05-13): Researchers in The Netherlands and Germany have warned that Pfizer-BioNTech’s coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine induces complex reprogramming of innate immune responses that should be considered in the development and use of mRNA-based vaccines. [...] The mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine induces complex functional reprogramming of innate immune responses, which should be considered in the development and use of this new class of vaccines," writes the team. [...] The scale of the pandemic has led to the accelerated development of new mRNA-based vaccines, the first of which to be registered was the BNT162b2 vaccine from Pfizer-BioNTech.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2019-09-07): Numerous studies have shown that the HPV vaccine has helped to reduce viral transmission, which in turn protects individuals from the risk of developing cervical cancer and also protects unvaccinated individuals within the community through the herd immunity effect. Studies predict that with sufficiently high HPV vaccine coverage and regular cervical cancer screening, the disease can eventually be eliminated.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2020-11-17): Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem 17 November 2020 | Global strategy This global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer proposes: - a vision of a world where cervical cancer is eliminated as a public health problem;
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-04-20): Concomitant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening for elimination of HPV and cervical cancer [...] Brisson M, Kim JJ, Canfell K, Drolet M, Gingras G, Burger EA, et al. Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Lancet. 2020;395:575–90. [...] Supplementary Material for "Vaccination and screening strategies to accelerate cervical cancer elimination in Norway: A model-based analysis"
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-01-25): A historic new study out of Scotland shows the real-world impact of vaccines against the human papillomavirus: The country has detected no cases of cervical cancer in women born between 1988-1996 who were fully vaccinated against HPV between the ages of 12 and 13. Many previous studies have shown that HPV vaccines are extremely effective in preventing cervical cancer. But the study, published on Monday in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, is the first to monitor a national cohort of women over such a long time period and find no occurrence of cervical cancer. [...] This is why it’s still possible that cervical cancers may still arise even in vaccinated women, caused by the HPV strains not targeted by the earlier vaccines. "There are obviously other HPV types that cause cancer," Palmer said, noting that the current results don’t mean cases of cervical cancers, caused by less high-risk strains of HPV, won’t emerge in the analyzed cohort in the future.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-06-13): A study of almost 3.5 million people confirmed that immunization against the human papillomavirus (HPV) lowers the chances of developing cancers caused by HPV. This includes head and neck cancer in men and boys and cervical cancer in women and girls. [...] The HPV vaccine was approved in the United States in 2006. Since then, many studies have shown that protection against HPV lowers the risk of cervical cancer. However, other cancers can be caused by HPV, including head and neck cancer, as well as cancers of the anus, penis, vulva, and vagina. This study compared cancer risk between people who received the HPV vaccine and those who did not. [...] The HPV vaccine protected women and girls against cervical cancer. There were 70 cases of cervical cancer among immunized women and girls. In comparison, there were 99 cases of cervical cancer among women and girls who were not immunized.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-08-15): Clinical trials have shown that HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing cervical infection with the types of HPV they target when given before first exposure to the virus—that is, before individuals begin to engage in sexual activity. HPV vaccines have also been found to reduce infections in other tissues that HPV infects, including the anus (7) and oral region (8, 9). [...] The combination of HPV vaccination and cervical screening can provide the greatest protection against cervical cancer. Also, HPV vaccination reduces the risk of developing cancers caused by HPV at sites other than the cervix. [...] Widespread HPV vaccination has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence around the world by as much as 90% (16, 19). In addition, the vaccines may reduce the need for screening and subsequent medical care, biopsies, and invasive procedures associated with follow-up from abnormal cervical screening, thus helping to reduce health care costs and anxieties related to follow-up procedures (24).
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-10-09): How HPV vaccines and new screening methods could help eliminate cervical cancer [...] Current HPV vaccines target high-risk forms of the virus – including the HPV-16 and HPV-18 strains, which cause 70% of cervical cancers. Newer vaccines are being introduced that protect against further strains, but even these will not protect against every cancer-associated type of HPV, so cervical cancer screening continues to be recommended for young women who have been vaccinated. [...] Some scientists have argued that the frequency of screening for women who have been vaccinated against HPV may be further lowered, to perhaps two or three times per lifetime. However, most girls in the world are not yet receiving the HPV vaccine, and because screening begins 15–20 years after the HPV vaccine, it may be decades before the majority of females of screening age have received the HPV vaccine. The WHO Global Strategy to Eliminate Cervical Cancer recommends a minimum of two lifetime screens with a high-performance HPV test, the first by age 35 and the second by age 45 years.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2022-12-15): Persistent human papillomavirus infection is the central cause of cervical cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Clear evidence from both randomized trials and population based studies shows that vaccination against human papillomavirus reduces the incidence of cervical pre-cancer. These data suggest that the vaccine reduces the incidence of cervical cancer. However, human papillomavirus vaccine coverage is inadequate in all countries, especially in low and middle income countries where disease burden is highest. Supply side strategies to improve coverage include increasing the availability of low cost vaccines, school located delivery, single dose vaccine schedules, and development of vaccines that do not need refrigeration. Demand side strategies include enhancing provider recommendations, correcting misinformation, and public awareness campaigns. The near elimination of cervical cancer is achievable through increased uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination and efforts to increase screening for cervical cancer, especially when enacted to reduce disparities in across the world.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2021-11-04): HPV vaccine: How it protects against cervical cancer and who can get it - Published New research has found the HPV vaccine can reduce cases of cervical cancer by nearly 90%. [...] Although the vaccine appears to dramatically reduce the chances of developing cervical cancer, it does not protect against all types of HPV.