copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Qasr is a territory of Lebanon (Qasr, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-12): HERMEL, Lebanon — The strategic city of Qusayr in Syria has fallen to the Syrian Army, and the shock waves are still being felt in Lebanon, where increased fighting vividly indicates how Syria’s 27-month-old civil war has destabilized the entire region. [...] Hezbollah considers Qusayr to be a major victory against "Sunni Islamic extremists," the term the Shia group uses to describe the rebels fighting against Bashar al-Assad. [...] Nevertheless, the combined Syrian Army and Hezbollah irregulars overwhelmed the outgunned and politically divided rebels. Qusayr is a clear political as well as military victory for the pro-Assad forces. It bolsters their argument the fight against the rebels is part of a "resistance front" against outside forces.
Claim: Qasr is a territory of Lebanon (Qasr, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-05-20): Qasr, Lebanon – Abu Ali Haq is a fighter on a crucial battle line in Syria’s ruinous civil war, and he’s locked in to what he sees as an existential struggle for his village and his kin living here. [...] The reason Hezbollah’s buttressing of the border is causing such consternation among the Syrian rebels is because it is tipping the balance of power in the government’s favour in the battle for the town of Qusayr, 8km into Syrian territory. Control of Qusayr and the surrounding areas is crucial for the opposition fighters to smuggle weapons and men from Lebanon into Syria. For the Assad regime, Qusayr is a vital route north from Damascus to its stronghold in the coastal regions.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-17): Europa Island (French: Île Europa, pronounced [il øʁɔpa]), in Malagasy Nosy Ampela[1] is a 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family of Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897, though it is claimed by Madagascar. [...] Map of Europa Island - [...] External links [edit]- Media related to Europa Island (category) at Wikimedia Commons - Mozambique Channel - Indian Ocean atolls of France - Atolls of Madagascar - Uninhabited islands of France - Uninhabited islands of Madagascar - Disputed islands of Africa - Territorial disputes of France - Territorial disputes of Madagascar - Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands - Important Bird Areas of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean - France–Madagascar relations - Ramsar sites in France - Seabird colonies
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-21): - Europa Island is a tiny, uninhabited paradise in the Indian Ocean, home to rare wildlife and stunning coral reefs. It’s like a secret treasure trove waiting to be explored by scientists and nature lovers. [...] Europa Island is the smallest of the Îles Éparses, a group of French islands located in the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. The island is just over 12 square kilometers in size and is predominantly made up of sandy beaches and dunes. [...] Europa Island is located in the Mozambique Channel, between Mozambique and Madagascar.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-26): Europa Island, Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, France Europa Island is a 28-square-kilometer low-lying tropical island in the Mozambique Channel, roughly halfway between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until the French family Rosier arrived there in 1820. In 1897, France officially took possession of the island. The island, which is guarded by a Réunion detachment, has a meteorological station and is visited by scientists. Despite being deserted, it is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands administrative region’s "Scattered Islands."
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Europa Island, in Malagasy Nosy Ampela is a 28-square-kilometre low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-08): Europa Island is the focus of this image, acquired on April 3, 2022, with the Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) on Landsat 9. [...] Europa island in the GeoGarage platform (SHOM nautical raster map) Europa Island spans about 28 square kilometers, making it the largest of the Îles Éparses.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-10-27): Europa Island (French: Île Europa, pronounced [il øʁɔpa]), in Malagasy Nosy Ampela[1] is a 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family of Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897, though it is claimed by Madagascar. [...] Europa is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) in diameter, with a maximum altitude of 6 metres (20 ft), and has 22.2 kilometres (13.8 mi) of coastline. It is surrounded by coral beaches and a fringing reef and encloses a mangrove lagoon of around 9 square kilometres (3.5 sq mi) and open to the sea on one side. [...] Europa Island's climate is affected by the Agulhas Current with water temperatures usually above 30 °C (86 °F), southeast trade winds during the (austral) winter and occasional cyclones. The climate can be described as a semi-arid and tropical combination with wet summers and dry winters.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-05-20): Disputes - international claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France); the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Europa Island is a stunning destination located in the Mozambique Channel, between Mozambique and Madagascar. With its pristine beaches, crystal clear waters, and diverse marine life, this French overseas territory is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts. The island is known for its unique ecosystem, combining tropical and coastal environments. Visitors can explore the island’s lagoon, hike through its lush forests, or dive into its vibrant coral reefs. Whether you’re seeking relaxation or adventure, Europa Island offers a truly unforgettable experience. [...] In recent decades, the island’s importance as an ecological haven has been further recognized. It has become a focal point for scientific research, especially in the study of migratory birds, turtles, and marine ecosystems. However, the island’s status has not been without disputes. While the French maintain control, Madagascar has also laid a claim to Europa Island, viewing it as part of its sovereign territory. This territorial dispute, while not escalated to a major diplomatic crisis, remains unresolved. The French government, in collaboration with conservationists, has made significant efforts to protect and conserve the unique habitats on Europa Island. Restrictions on human activities ensure that the island’s environment remains as undisturbed as possible. Today, apart from a small military outpost and a weather station, the island remains largely uninhabited, serving as a testament to nature’s resilience and beauty.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-05): Europa Island (French: Île Europa) is a low-lying tropical atoll, 6km in diameter, situated in the Mozambique Channel, between Madagascar to Mozambique. The island has been a possession of France since 1897, but is also claimed by Madagascar, and is part of the "Scattered Islands" of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands administrative region.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-15): Meet Europa Island, a tiny atoll (28 sq. km) in the Mozambique Channel, which belongs to France as part of the "Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean". About halfway between Madagascar and the Southeastern Coast of Africa, this island consists of relatively flat and sandy terrain as well a saltwater mangrove lagoon. "L’île Europa" was uninhabited until 1820 and has welcome very few visitors since, due to its inaccessibility and inhospitability, but also to very strict rules to protect local wildlife. Europa Island is indeed home to an abundant seabird population, counting among the largest in the Indian Ocean for red-footed boobies, sooty terns, great and lesser frigatebirds or red-tailed tropicbirds. A dozen species are nesting there, including endemic ones. It is also an environment of choice for many migratory birds, and one of the world’s largest nesting sites for green sea turtles. Hence the limited human presence, restricted to scientific research and environmental conservation activities. [...] Shortly before Madagascar regained its independance from France’s colonial occupation in 1960, the French government detached Europa Island to integrate it into its overseas départements and territories. The Republic of Madagascar has maintained its claim of sovereignty over the island, causing France to instal a permanent military presence since 1973. At stake : a strategic presence in the region, as well as control of the island’s Exclusive Economic Zone covering more than 127,000 sq. km.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-15): Madagascar is a large island in the Indian Ocean located 400 kilometres (250 mi) off the eastern coast of Southern Africa,[1] east of Mozambique. It has a total area of 587,040 square kilometres (226,660 sq mi) with 581,540 square kilometres (224,530 sq mi) of land and 6,900 square kilometres (2,700 sq mi) of water. Madagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world.[2] The highest point is Maromokotro, in the Tsaratanana Massif region in the north of the island, at 2,876 metres (9,436 ft). The Republic of Madagascar is the second-largest island country in the world.[2] Its capital Antananarivo is in the Central Highlands near the centre of the island. It has the 25th largest exclusive economic zone of 1,225,259 km2 (473,075 sq mi). [...] Flora and fauna [edit]The island of Madagascar has been described as an "alternate world" or a "world apart" because of the uniqueness and rarity of many of its plant and animal species. Their characteristics are believed to reflect the island's origins as a part of Gondwanaland and its many millions of years of isolation following the breakup of the landmass.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-26): Europa Island is nowhere near Europe. It is a small atoll off East Africa, about halfway between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique. [...] Get around [edit]Buy [edit]There is no economic activity on Europa Island. Sleep [edit]There is no public accommodation on Europa Island.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-26): Several volcanic seamounts and hundreds of volcanic cones rise above the floor of the southern Mozambique Channel. A few of the larger volcanic features are capped with flat expanses of carbonate that breach the water’s surface, forming low-lying coralline islands. Europa is one such island. Europa Island is the focus of this image, acquired on April 3, 2022, with the Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) on Landsat 9. It is part of an overseas French territory that includes the Îles Éparses, or "scattered islands," dispersed around Madagascar. Mozambique on the African mainland lies about 500 kilometers (300 miles) to the west, and Madagascar sits about 300 kilometers (200 miles) to the east. Europa Island spans about 28 square kilometers, making it the largest of the Îles Éparses. It was initially an atoll that became exposed at the sea surface around 90,000 years ago. The atoll progressively filled in, and it slowly transformed into the island we know today.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Madagascar, island country lying off the southeastern coast of Africa. Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world, after Greenland, New Guinea, and Borneo.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22 20 S, 40 22 E; [...] Europa Island (Iles Eparses): total - 28 sq km; land - 28 sq km; water - 0 sq km [...] Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22.2 km
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-15): There are also sixteen island territories. France administers ten territories—Amsterdam Island and St. Paul Island, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, Réunion, Mayotte, Europa Island, Bassas da India, Juan de Nova Island, Glorioso Islands, and Tromelin Island—the most territories administered by a single nation across the Indian Ocean region. Australia administers three territories: Cocos Islands and Christmas Island in the northeastern Indian Ocean and the Heard Island and McDonald Islands in the southern Indian Ocean. Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal is administered by India. South Africa oversees the Prince Edward Islands, just south of the country’s coast. Despite the International Court of Justice’s 2019 advisory opinion, which granted the Chagos Archipelago back to Mauritius, the archipelago remains administered by the United Kingdom as the British Indian Ocean Territory.50
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-11): Note 6: The French Southern and Antarctic Lands includes Île Amsterdam, Île Saint-Paul, Îles Crozet, and Îles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean; the "Iles Eparses" (Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island and Tromelin Island) in the Mozambique Channel and western Indian Ocean; and the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Terre Adélie." The United States does not recognize the French claim to "Terre Adélie" (see note 2).
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-04-04): Bassas da India, British Indian Ocean Territory, Comoros, Europa Island, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, Tromelin Island 6M: (MEDITERRANEAN SEA AREA)
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-12-31): COUNTRY ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE AFGHANISTAN EBA ALBANIA PAN EURO MED ALGERIA PAN EURO MED AMERICAN SAMOA No preferential arrangements applicable ANDORRA CUSTOMS UNIONS (Andorra) ANGOLA EBA ANGUILLA OCT ANTARCTICA No preferential arrangements applicable ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ACP (CARIFORUM-EU EPA) ARGENTINA No preferential arrangements applicable ARMENIA GSP+ ARUBA OCT AUSTRALIA No preferential arrangements applicable AZERBAIJAN No preferential arrangements applicable BAHAMAS ACP (CARIFORUM-EU EPA) BAHRAIN No preferential arrangements applicable BANGLADESH EBA BARBADOS ACP (CARIFORUM-EU EPA) BELARUS No preferential arrangements applicable BELIZE ACP (CARIFORUM-EU EPA) BENIN EBA BERMUDA OCT BHUTAN EBA BOLIVIA GSP+ BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA PAN EURO MED BOTSWANA ACP (EU-SADC FTA – MAR), GSP (until 31/12/2015) BOUVET ISLAND OCT BRAZIL No preferential arrangements applicable BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY OCT BRUNEI DARUSSALAM No preferential arrangements applicable BURKINA FASO EBA BURUNDI EBA CAMBODIA EBA CAMEROON ACP (Interim Central Africa-EU EPA- MAR), GSP CANADA No preferential arrangements applicable CAPE VERDE GSP+ CAYMAN ISLANDS OCT CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC EBA CEUTA CEUTA AND MELILLA CHAD EBA CHILE LATIN AMERICA CHINA No preferential arrangements applicable CHRISTMAS ISLAND No preferential arrangements applicable COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS No preferential arrangements applicable COLOMBIA FTA, GSP (until 31/12/2015) COMOROS EBA CONGO GSP COOK ISLANDS GSP COSTA RICA FTA, GSP+ (until 31/12/2015) COTE D'IVOIRE
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-29): Madagascar,[a] officially the Republic of Madagascar,[b] is an island country comprising the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's fourth largest island, the second-largest island country and the 46th largest country in the world.[14] Its capital and largest city is Antananarivo. [...] Madagascar is a member of the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Malagasy and French are both official languages of the state. Christianity is the country's predominant religion, with a significant minority still practising traditional faiths. Madagascar is classified as a least developed country by the UN.[21] Ecotourism and agriculture, paired with greater investments in education, health and private enterprise, are key elements of its development strategy. Despite substantial economic growth since the early 2000s, income disparities have widened, and quality of life remains low for the majority of the population. As of 2021, 68.4 percent of the population is considered to be multidimensionally poor.[22]
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-15): The islands of Europa and Bassas da India lie in the Mozambique Channel near the southern end of Madagascar. Both are coralline islands, or atolls, and Europa is about 100 km southeast of Bassas da India. Europa, with 30 km2 of land area, is 6–7 km in diameter with a maximum altitude of 6 m. Its shallow lagoon (generally 1 m deep) is open to the sea at one side, and covers about 9 km2, including some 700 km2 of mangrove swamp that is particularly extensive to the south. The mangrove stands are important nursery grounds for sea turtles and sharks. [...] Europa Island is used as a stopover point for numerous bird species migrating between Africa and Madagascar. It is a breeding ground for 8 seabird species and approximately 760,000 breeding pairs of seabirds are found here including the endemic white-tailed tropicbird. Europa is significant as it hosts some of the last colonies of frigatebirds, red-footed boobies, and red-tailed tropicbirds which have experienced severe declines on most other West Indian Ocean islands. Other resident seabird populations include: brown booby, Caspian tern, sooty tern, and Audubon’s shearwater.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-01): 1946 - Madagascar becomes French overseas territory.
Claim: Qasr is a territory of Syria (Qasr, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-04): When you visit Qasr, leaving Hermel – the last Lebanese area, so they say – 12 kilometers behind, you understand Zuaiter’s statement that the town would be dead were it not for Syria. When traveling along the main road that bisects Qasr, where the houses rest on the two banks, you need to move only 100 meters left to be in Syrian territory, and you would still be in the geographical heart of Qasr. The legal crossing (the Syrian Secretariat) on the border with Qaa is approximately 30 kilometers away from Qasr. [...] Qasr’s relationship with Syria is not just one of adjacent neighbors. Zuaiter says that much of Qasr’s native population is sprawled across more than 15 villages inside Syrian territory: "For example, my family is originally from Hawik in Syria. I was born there, and I came to Qasr 45 years ago after I was appointed a teacher in the public school". Besides Hawik, people registered in Qasr are spread across the towns of Safsafah, Zeita, Aqrabiyah, Fadiliya, Blluza, Wadi Hanna, Maayan, Naba Olas, Matraba, Saqraja, Arjoun, Tell al-Nabi Mando, Joubaniye, Nahriyeh, Diyabiyya, and eastern and western Samaqiyat.
Claim: Qasr is a territory of Syria (Qasr, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-10-01): Qasr are desert palaces that emerged throughout the steppe during the Umayyad period. Contrary to their name, they are not all in deserts, nor are they all palaces. (ian: though most of them are.) [...] 2. The caliphs built qasr as a means of extending their power into the steppe. By building an impressive structure, they show their power visually to the nomads of the steppe, and potentially gain power over them as well. They may also have served the purpose of "making the desert bloom" that is, reclaiming harvestable land for the Umayyads. The qasr are mainly products of the Umayyads, as they do not continue into the Abassid period. They are significant for being another form of architecture and construction that the Umayyad undertook, and for their debatable purpose.
Claim: Qasr is a territory of Syria (Qasr, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-26): The Syrian Desert, or Southeastern Desert, is a vast and sparsely populated region in southeastern Syria. It is the basin of the river Euphrates. It consists of the districts Ar-Raqqa (Arabic: الرقة), Al-Hassakeh (Arabic:الحسكة; Syrian Aramaic: ܓܨܪܛܐ; Kurdish: Hesiça), Deir az-Zur (Arabic: دير الزور) and parts of the provinces of Muḥafaẓat Ḥimṣ (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص), Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamāh (Arabic: محافظة حماة) and Rif Dimashq (Arabic: ریف دمشق). [...] - 4 Resafa — Archaeological site of the Byzantine city of Sergiopolis - 5 Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi — A castle (qasr) in the middle of the Syrian Desert, built by the Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik in 728-29 CE.
Claim: Qasr is a territory of Syria (Qasr, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-01-01): Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi 110 km north east of Palmyra, Syrian Desert, Syria [...] Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi is a huge complex, measuring 7 km x 4 km and surrounded by a thick wall some 17 km long. It includes two palace enclosures – one large, one small – an immense hammam, a khan, gardens and a water canal. [...] Dina Bakkour "Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi" in Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers, 2024. 2024. https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;sy;Mon01;35;en
Claim: Qasr is a territory of Syria (Qasr, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Qasr al-Hajar National Park is a stunning natural landscape located in the Syrian Desert, close to the city of Palmyra. The park is home to an array of unique wildlife and landscapes, making it a great destination for nature lovers and adventurers alike. Here are 10 of the best things to do in Qasr al-Hajar National Park. [...] Qasr al-Hajar National Park is home to an array of unique bird species, including the endangered Syrian Serin. Visitors can easily spot these birds while exploring the park, making it a great destination for bird watchers. [...] Qasr al-Hajar National Park is a stunning natural landscape that is home to an array of unique wildlife and landscapes. From exploring the ancient ruins of Palmyra to going horseback riding, there are plenty of things to do in the park. Whether you’re a nature lover, an adventurer, or just looking for a unique experience, Qasr al-Hajar National Park is the perfect destination.