copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-14): It has been almost ten years since Eritrea breached international law, illegally moved into our territory and occupied Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island. It has also been almost ten years since Eritrea took Djiboutian prisoners of war, refused to provide a list of names and identification numbers of all the prisoners and other missing persons in its custody, or otherwise account for the Djiboutians that it has in its custody and held incommunicado and in the most inhumane and degrading conditions. [...] Following the end of Qatar’s mediation efforts, and after the departure of Qatar’s personnel from the international border, Eritrea moved its military personnel to Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island, thus contributing to heightened tensions and insecurity and threatening a new outbreak of violence. Alarmed at the possibility of resumption of hostilities, the African Union decided to deploy a fact-finding mission to both Djibouti and Eritrea.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-09): The Italian Parliament also overwhelmingly approved the 1935 Treaty in May of that year and ratified it the following month.Footnote 13 There is differing information that Italy did not ratify the 1935 Treaty while France ratified the entire Mussolini–Laval set of agreements.Footnote 14 Other sources claim that the French Senate refused to ratify the 1935 Treaty.Footnote 15 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) noted in 1994 in Libya v Chad, "[a]lthough ratification of the [1935] treaty was authorized by the parliaments of both parties, instruments of ratification were never exchanged, and the treaty never came into force".Footnote 16 The 2008 UN fact-finding report on the situation between Djibouti and Eritrea, noting this absence of exchange of instruments of ratification of the 1935 Treaty, stated that "[u]nder the 1935 agreement, Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island, both of which were ‘seized’ by [Eritrean Defence Forces] in March 2008, form part of Eritrean territory, by Eritrean reasoning. Absent exchange of instrument of ratification, Djiboutians have all along assumed that the [1900 and 1901] Protocols still apply."Footnote 17 Only the eastern part of the border is disputed.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-08-01): Mohamed’s statement angered Djibouti, which says Eritrea is occupying the disputed Doumeira islands and is holding more than 10 Djiboutian prisoners.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-05-08): Earlier this week, Djibouti appealed to the UN Security Council to intervene in order to prevent a conflict over the border village of Doumeira. In a letter to the UN, Djibouti alleged Eritrea had published new maps showing Doumeira as Eritrean territory. [...] He said Doumeira is a small border village of little strategic importance home to ethnic Afar people.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-03-21): Doualeh said Djibouti holds 19 Eritrean POWs and 267 Eritrean military deserters who were handed over to the UNHCR in 2014. He stressed that the International Committee of the Red Cross and other international organizations have regular access to the POWs. [...] The dispute between the two Horn of Africa countries relates to the shared land border, rights to the Doumeira Islands in the Red Sea and the delineation of the maritime boundary. Doualeh said he believes the boundaries should be based on 1900 and 1901 treaties between then colonial powers Italy and France. Those treaties, he said, would give the contested islands to Djibouti. Fighting erupted in 2008 between armies from the two countries in a sandy outcropping known as Ras Doumeira.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-06-13): Today the UN Security condemned Eritrea’s military action against Djibouti in Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island." The Council further urged the two parties to commit to a ceasefire asking Eritrea to withdraw its troops to the status quo ante. In Cairo, the Arab League issued a tough statement calling Asmara to withdraw its troops from Ras Doumeira in respect of Djibouti sovereignty and territorial integrity. Eritrea had refused to receive an Arab fact finding committee on May 8. [...] Experts say the only undecided area of the border is the tiny Ras Doumeira island, next to a village of the same name.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Postindependence relations with Ethiopia, initially warm and supportive, became strained over trade issues and the question of Ethiopia’s access to Eritrea’s Red Sea ports. In 1998 relations deteriorated rapidly when a border dispute, centred around the hamlet of Badme, exploded into violence. Following two years of bloodshed, a peace was negotiated in December 2000, and the UN established a peacekeeping mission along the border in question. An international boundary commission agreed on a border demarcation in 2002, but Ethiopia rejected the decision and refused to leave the territory that the commission had recognized as Eritrean. Meanwhile, tension had been growing between the UN peacekeepers and the Eritrean government, which accused several UN workers of being spies. The UN withdrew its mission in 2008. In the same year, another boundary dispute, this one with Djibouti, escalated when Eritrea amassed troops along the Ras Doumeira border area. Fighting between Eritrean and Djiboutian soldiers led to the deaths of more than 30 people. Eritrea was embroiled in yet another regional conflict when it was accused of supporting insurgents in Somalia’s civil war.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-16): Jump to search islands near Djibouti and Eritrea - dewiki Doumeira - enwiki Doumeira Islands - eswiki Isla Doumeira - frwiki Douméra - itwiki Isole Doumeira - kawiki დუმეირის კუნძულები - nlwiki Doumeira-eilanden - plwiki Dumajra - ptwiki Ilhas Doumeira - ruwiki Думейра (острова)
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-12-11): The tiny country of Eritrea has been accommodating two Middle Eastern rivals in order to face its geopolitical challenges — mainly its fear of invasion by Ethiopia. Iran wants to expand its presence in Eritrea and other East African nations in order to gain influence along the Red Sea, an important route for seaborne international trade. Israel, meanwhile, wants to monitor Iranian activities in the region. By allowing foreign security operations in its territory, Eritrea has become another venue for Israel and Iran's ongoing rivalry.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-01-14): "The Security Council, "Affirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and unity of both Djibouti and Eritrea, and recalling the importance of the principles of good-neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation, "Recalling that in the statement of its President dated 12 June 2008 (S/PRST/2008/20) it condemned Eritrea’s military action against Djibouti in Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island and called upon the two parties to show maximum restraint and withdraw forces to the status quo ante, "Taking note of the letter of the Secretary-General dated 11 September 2008 (S/2008/602) in which he transmitted the report of the fact-finding mission he sent following its 5924th meeting (S/PV.5924), "Expressing its deep concern that, as mentioned in the report of the fact-finding mission referred to above, Eritrea has not withdrawn its forces to the status quo ante, as called for by the Security Council in the statement of its President dated 12 June 2008 (S/PRST/2008/20), "Reiterating its serious concern at the absence of dialogue between the two parties, and at the refusal of Eritrea so far to engage in dialogue, or to accept bilateral contacts, mediation or facilitation efforts by subregional or regional organizations or to respond positively to the efforts of
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-06-13): The UN Security Council has condemned Eritrea for killing at least six soldiers during border raids against Djibouti. The attacks were carried out at Ras Doumeira, a strategic territory both countries claim as their own. [...] The Security Council "condemns Eritrea's military action against Djibouti in Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island," read the declaration, adopted unanimously. Ras Doumeira, in northern Djibouti, is a strategic promontory overlooking the Red Sea.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-29): Turning to the tense standoff with Eritrean forces in the north of Djibouti, he said the Security Council had consistently condemned Eritrea’s forceful occupation of his country’s territory, Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island, and in Council resolution 1862 (2009), had demanded, among other things, that Eritrea withdraw it forces and military hardware to locations prior to the standoff.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-12-16): On 14 January the Council adopted resolution 1862 in response to Eritrea’s continued refusal to withdraw its troops from the areas occupied when border clashes between Eritrea and Djibouti erupted in June 2008 (Ras Doumeira and Doumeira island) and acknowledge its border dispute with Djibouti. The Council gave Eritrea five weeks to comply with the demands of the resolution and requested a report from the Secretary-General within six weeks. The report, which was issued on 30 March, concluded that Eritrea had taken no action to withdraw its troops and had refused to engage with the Secretary-General’s good offices. The Council at that time deferred taking any follow-up action in spite of Eritrea’s continuing lack of cooperation and non-compliance with the Council’s demands.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-06-16): Djibouti says neighbouring Eritrea occupied disputed territory along their border after Qatar withdrew its peacekeepers in June. Both countries sided with Saudi Arabia and its allies in their standoff with Qatar. Djibouti accused neighbouring Eritrea on Friday of occupying disputed territory along their border after Qatar withdrew its peacekeepers. [...] "They are now in full control of Doumeira Mountain and Doumeira Island. This is in breach of the UN Security Council resolution," he added, referring to areas that the neighbours dispute.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-09): Djiboutian territory without warning and seized Ras Doumeira and
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-15): Disputed status [edit]Lough Foyle is a disputed territory between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom; after the Partition of Ireland in the early 1920s, each side claimed that it was in their own territory. Although this dispute is still ongoing, there are currently no negotiations as to its ownership. The UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) underlined its view on 2 June 2009 that all of Lough Foyle is in the United Kingdom, a spokesperson stating: 'The UK position is that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK. We recognise that the Irish Government does not accept this position...There are no negotiations currently in progress on this issue. The regulation of activities in the Lough is now the responsibility of the Loughs Agency, a cross-border body established under the Good Friday Agreement.'[9] In November 2016, James Brokenshire, MP, the UK's Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, reiterated the UK's view that all of Lough Foyle is in the UK,[10] whilst Charles Flanagan, TD, the Republic of Ireland's Minister for Foreign Affairs, stated that the Republic of Ireland did not recognise Britain's claim to the entirety of Lough Foyle.[11]
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-02-02): Lough Foyle is a disputed territory between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom; after the Partition of Ireland in the early 1920s, each side claimed that it was in their own territory. Although this dispute is still ongoing, there are currently no negotiations as to its ownership. The UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) underlined its view on 2 June 2009 that all of Lough Foyle is in the United Kingdom, a spokesperson stating: 'The UK position is that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK. We recognise that the Irish Government does not accept this position...There are no negotiations currently in progress on this issue. The regulation of activities in the Lough is now the responsibility of the Loughs Agency, a cross-border body established under the Good Friday Agreement.'[9] In November 2016, James Brokenshire, MP, the UK's Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, reiterated the UK's view that all of Lough Foyle is in the UK,[10] whilst Charles Flanagan, TD, the Republic of Ireland's Minister for Foreign Affairs, stated that the Republic of Ireland did not recognise Britain's claim to the entirety of Lough Foyle.[11]
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): A particular dispute arose between the Government of the Irish Free State of the one part and the Northern Ireland and UK governments of the other part over territorial waters in Lough Foyle.[43] Lough Foyle lies between County Londonderry in Northern Ireland and County Donegal in the then Irish Free State. A court case in the Free State in 1923 relating to fishing rights in Lough Foyle held that the Free State's territorial waters ran right up to the shore of County Londonderry.[43] In 1927, illegal fishing on Lough Foyle had become so grave that Northern Ireland Prime Minister James Craig entered into correspondence with his Free State counterpart, W. T. Cosgrave. Craig indicated to Cosgrave that he proposed to introduce a bill giving the Royal Ulster Constabulary powers to stop and search vessels on Lough Foyle. Cosgrave asserted all of Lough Foyle was Free State territory and that as such a bill of that nature would be rejected by the Free State and its introduction would create "a very serious situation".[43] Cosgrave then raised the matter with the British government. [...] The UK position is that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK. We recognise that the Irish Government does not accept this position [...] The regulation of activities in the Lough is now the responsibility of the Loughs Agency, a cross-border body established under the Belfast Agreement of 1998.[51]
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-03-25): The folklore of almost every culture holds a special significance for liminal spaces, the in-between places, and Lough Foyle, the lake that lies between the north-eastern edge of Donegal and the north-western edge of County Londonderry (or Derry – opinions differ) is no different. The lough was never officially given to either side in the Partition of Ireland in 1922, and afterwards both the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland claimed it as their territory. In fact even to this day both still regard it as "theirs", although the actual administration of the lough is handled by a cross-border joint body established under the auspices of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. This lough, then, lies in between the two countries, neither truly of one or the other – a fitting state for a place whose name comes from the depths of ancient myth.
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-20): In the same year as the purchase of the salmon fishery of Lough Foyle from the Hon Irish Society the waters, fisheries and the sea-bed of Lough Foyle reverted in ownership to the Crown Estates........." The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the territories of England, Wales and Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole, making it "the sovereign's public estate". [...] The attempted "takeover" of traditional fishing rights of Lough Foyle by the Irish / UK Governments and the Loughs Agency, when it is known that the Crown Estate never looked to withdraw or remove the same traditional rights to begin with, is difficult to understand. Since 2007 when the Governments and the Loughs Agency attempted to bring in a licensing regime and the Crown Estates would not allow them there has been absolute stalemate. Is it a question of the Crown Estates flexing its ownership muscle and showing where the true power resides in relation to Lough Foyle? Or is it because they do not like the fact that they were ignored and taken for granted when the 2007 Foyle and Carlingford Fisheries Act was being compiled? For whatever reason the process has ground to a halt and will only start again when the Crown Estates is good and ready, if ever and on their terms and conditions
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Lough Foyle inlet, Ireland verifiedCite [...] Lough Foyle, inlet on the north coast of Ireland between the Inishowen Peninsula (mainly County Donegal, Ireland) to the west and the district councils of Limavady and Londonderry (until 1973 in County Londonderry), Northern Ireland, to the east and southeast. The lough is about 16 miles (26 km) long and varies in breadth from 1 to 10 miles (1.6 to 16 km). The narrowest points are at the southwestern end, where the River Foyle enters the lough, and at the northeastern end, opposite Magilligan Point. There are historic settlements on the western shore of the lough, which has been an important fishing area and passageway since early times.
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-28): Lough Foyle: Councillors seek territorial dispute resolution [...] Lough Foyle is claimed by both Ireland and the UK. [...] The council will now write to the Irish government and NI's Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs asking the UK government to ask that "urgently engage with the UK government seeking a resolution to the jurisdiction issues surrounding Lough Foyle".
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-24): Lough Foyle is in UK territory - DUP - Published The Irish government should give up its claim on Lough Foyle, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) has said. [...] "It's a bit like no man's land where the British government claims jurisdiction over the entire Lough Foyle quite arrogantly and the Irish government disputes this," he said.
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-02-02): Lough Foyle - Country:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Site number:974 - Area:2,204 ha - Designation date:02-02-1999 - Coordinates:55°05'N 07°02'W 02/02/99; Northern Ireland; 2,204 ha; 55°05'N 007°02'W. National Nature Reserve, Special Protection Area EC Directive. The site is composed of a large shallow lough including estuaries, extensive intertidal areas of mudflats, sandflats, saltmarsh and associated brackish ditches. It supports a diverse assemblage of waterfowl (Limosa lapponica, 1.6% of the population, and Branta bernicla hrota, 11% of the population) and internationally important (more than 29,000 birds) waterfowl. The site is used for nature conservation, gathering shellfish, and recreation. Ramsar site no. 974. Most recent RIS information: 2005.
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-12): All About Lough Foyle, Northern Ireland [...] A shallow coastal embayment, Lough Foyle swells at the mouth of the River Foyle and meets the North Atlantic Ocean on the northern coast of Ireland. It receives most of its water from the Rivers Foyle, Faughan and Roe; the river inflows combined with the ocean tides impact the estuary’s salinity. Lough Foyle has a maximum depth of 50 feet and an average depth of 17 feet. Over 20 percent of its area, however, is intertidal mudflats. The 5,447-acre Lough Foyle Ramsar Site is considered a wetland of international importance and includes the mudflats, sand flats and salt marsh that ring Lough Foyle. [...] Lough Foyle is wedged between Northern Ireland and the Inishowen Peninsula in the Republic of Ireland. Also known as the "Island of Eoghain" and named for one of the sons of a high king of Ireland, Inishowen is the largest peninsula in Ireland and the country’s most northern point. It is part of the County of Donegal and has some of the most beautiful iconographic scenery in the country. Cliffs and mountains meet rock-strewn coasts surrounded by a countryside dotted with thatched cottages and the remnants of stone castles and abbeys.
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Lough Foyle and River Foyle (United Kingdom). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lough-foyle-and-river-foyle-iba-united-kingdom on 09/10/2024.
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-24): Lough Foyle is in UK territory - DUP The Irish government should give up its claim on Lough Foyle, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) has said. [...] "It's a bit like no man's land where the British government claims jurisdiction over the entire Lough Foyle quite arrogantly and the Irish government disputes this," he said.
Claim: Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom (Lough Foyle, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-08-01): Normally, it is easy to spot borders: They are marked by boundary markers, checkpoints, flags, signs and uniformed men and women. Even within the Schengen area, they are quite visible, the minimalist version being a sign telling the name of the new country. But not in Ireland, an island divided into the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, the latter belonging to the United Kingdom. The inner-Irish border is a rather complicated line, based on historic county boundaries. It cuts through several villages and towns. The border stretches for 499 km (310 mi) from Carlingford Lough to Lough Foyle – more than four times the direct distance between these places. Approximately 300 roads cross it, making it maybe the world’s most permeable border. [...] That’s me arriving back in the Republic of Ireland, marked by the "Welcome to Donegal" sign, Ireland’s northernmost county. Donegal has quite a Northern Irish identity, and the island’s northernmost point is located there (and not in UK’s Northern Ireland!). [...] The border becomes obvious just on the onward journey towards Enniskillen, Fermanagh’s main town. This sign is a couple of hundred meters into Northern Ireland.