copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-01-08): · Three found guilty, sentenced to two years in prison, ordered to pay compensation of US$ 136,000 · Gilgit-Baltistan, Government of Pakistan’s Northernmost Territory, arrests and prosecutes suspects · Markhor horns, meat and skin among confiscated items [...] Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan (January 8, 2018) The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) applauds the Government of Gilgit-Balitistan (GB) for the expeditious arrest and sentencing of markhor poachers in Astore District of the GB. Further, the penalties are of a severity that meets the seriousness of the offense, and are sure to send a message that will deter others from considering similar pilfering of Pakistan’s unique natural resources. On December 28, 2017 at 3:00PM, Gilgit-Baltistan Parks and Wildlife Department and Community Wildlife Rangers of Bunji arrested three suspects for poaching markhors. The poachers were apprehended in the Bunji Conservancy of Astore District during the joint winter wildlife surveys conducted by the Parks and Wildlife Department, Bunji Conservation Committee and the WCS-Pakistan Program.
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-23): Gilgit-Baltistan (Fig. 1) is situated in the extreme north of Pakistan (between 35–37°N and 72–75°E); it borders Xinjiang Province of China to the northeast, India to the east and Afghanistan to the north and west. The region is dominated by the mountain ranges of the Karakorum, the Hindu Kush and the Himalaya, with more than 700 peaks above 6000 m and five above 8000 m in altitude, including K2 (8611 m). Most of the region’s surface is situated at >1500 m above sea level (asl), with more than half located at >4500 m asl (Khan 2003). Climatic conditions vary widely, ranging from the monsoon-influenced moist temperate zone in the western Himalaya to the arid and semi-arid cold desert in the northern Karakoram and the Hindu Kush, with daily mean temperatures ranging from −10°C in winter to +35°C in summer (Awan 2002).
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-08-29): The British Parliament motion reads, "Gilgit-Baltistan is a legal and constitutional part of the state of Jammu & Kashmir, India, which is illegally occupied by Pakistan since 1947, and where people are denied their fundamental rights including the right of freedom of expression". [...] This subtle anti-India move of Beijing has forced Pakistan to propose converting Gilgit Baltistan into the fifth province of Pakistan with a status at par with the other four provinces of Pakistan. However, as Islamabad is mulling for this solution, nationalist forces in Gilgit Baltistan have forged a strong united opposition to any change of status. Furthermore, Pakistan’s move to illegally attempt to annex Gilgit Baltistan, and thereby change the fundamentals of the actual Jammu & Kashmir-issue and cement China’s illegitimate stake in this dispute, under the rubric of infrastructural development, is in contravention of international law while Pakistan is in breach of its own Constitution, the various bilateral agreements with India over Jammu & Kashmir, the UNSC Resolutions and more importantly, the wishes of the people of the State of Jammu & Kashmir.
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-29): A part of the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan constitutes a large chunk of the territory that Pakistan occupied during the 1947-48 India-Pakistan war. India lays claim to this territory and accuses Pakistan of illegally occupying it. It has protested China’s infrastructure projects in Gilgit-Baltistan and is strongly objecting to the CPEC project running through this territory. [...] Pakistan considers elevating Gilgit-Baltistan’s status to that of a province or a provisional province. China presses for this as it wants legal cover for its billion dollar investments in the CPEC project. But this is fraught with problems for Islamabad. Granting provincial status to a Shia-dominated region is unpopular in Sunni-dominated Pakistan. It is seen as paving the way for its secession from Pakistan. Additionally, legally absorbing Gilgit-Baltistan into Pakistan would require Islamabad to shift away from its decades-old stance of supporting a plebiscite in all territory of the former princely state. It would involve Islamabad compromising on its larger Kashmir agenda and be seen as a betrayal of the "Kashmiri cause." It would also be opposed by pro-independence Kashmiris on both sides of the Line of Control. Consequently, whether or not to make Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan’s fifth province will not be an easy decision for Islamabad.
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-04): This dissertation investigates the forms of marginalization and exclusion, particularly of women, produced by state-fostered large-scale projects and nation-state building processes in Gilgit-Baltistan, located in the northern frontier region of Pakistan. In a context where state-led development projects and policies are primarily motivated by nationalism and territorial integration, the strategic interests of the state undermine the promised people-centric objectives of economic development and exacerbate gendered inequalities in economic development that lead to the exclusion of women. My ethnographic research, involving participant observations, semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and my personal encounters during fieldwork, explores the underrepresented local counter-narratives of development that are mostly overshadowed by the hegemonic nationalist narrative. By focusing on women’s narratives, my research examines the real barriers and constraints shaping their everyday lived experiences. This dissertation engages with the theoretical frameworks of state-making, critical development, and feminist approaches to studying women’s empowerment and economic development. The chapters in this dissertation center on three main topics: First, this dissertation analyzes women entrepreneurs in Gilgit-Baltistan as disciplined development subjects forged by the development discourse and practice prevalent in the Global South since the last quarter of the 20th century.
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-24): VP/HR — Pakistan-occupied Gilgit-Baltistan 24.11.2016 [...] Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of approximately 72 000 km2 and 2 million people. In 1947 during the Indo-Pakistani partition, the area was occupied by Pakistan without the consent of the local indigenous peoples. Although the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) resolution of 28 April 1949 called on Pakistan to withdraw its forces from the disputed area, it remains occupied to this day. Declared a disputed territory by the UN Security Council, Gilgit-Baltistan is not part of Pakistan and the dispute is yet to be resolved. Nevertheless, between 2013-2015, the European Union funded the project ‘Gilgit-Baltistan — The Jewel of Pakistan’ with EUR 1 943 559.15. Furthermore, on the webpage of the Delegation of the European Union to Pakistan, as well as in EU brochures, the language used implies that Gilgit-Baltistan is an integral part of Pakistan.
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-24): To conclude, in light of the arguments raised, facts presented, and authorities cited, I believe that Gilgit-Baltistan deserves to be the fifth province of Pakistan considering the unconditional accession it announced more than seven decades ago. Furthermore, it does not affect Pakistan’s stance on Kashmir as it was an ‘independent’ and a ‘sovereign’ territory when it joined Pakistan – having dethroned the Dogras. Henceforth, a mere constitutional amendment in Article 1 of the Constitution by the Pakistan’s leadership would accord the millions of people their right to identity and nationhood. Even if India argues that it must be governed under international law on the ground that it was governed by Kashmiris before independence, I believe the dispute has reached a point where a permanent settlement of the conflict has become inevitable to maintain global peace and preserve international security – which is the object of international law. Lastly, by showing great concern for granting peoples of the international community "the right to self-determination," under international law provides an impetus towards the settlement of the dispute at hand accounting for the best interests of the people of GB. Also, the Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly has moved two separate resolutions to be declared a province.[16] Moreover, Pakistan’s claim over the territory is reinforced given the fact that ever since liberation, the region remained under the direct administrative control of Pakistan. Therefore, the history, legal and political instruments and international authorities are inclined to elevate the status of Gilgit-Baltistan to a permanent and constitutional province.
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-13): November 13, 2020Earlier this month, Pakistani authorities announced their decision to grant Gilgit-Baltistan — an autonomous region that Islamabad administers in the Pakistan's north — the status of a full province. [...] Gilgit-Baltistan was part of the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947. In 1948, a year after India and Pakistan gained independence from Britain's colonial rule, it acceded to Pakistan, hoping it would be given constitutional status. [...] Pakistan's intention to declare Gilgit-Baltistan its fifth province has received mixed reactions from both sides of the Kashmir border. Kashmiri nationalists, who seek an independent state, denounced the move, fearing it would make their demand for a united Jammu and Kashmir irrelevant.
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-21): Yet, in a sudden turn of events and in contradiction of the country’s long-held stance and new political map, the Minister of Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan Affairs Ali Amin Gandapur announced on September 16 that the government of Pakistan has indicated its plans to grant Gilgit-Baltistan official provincial status and representation in the Senate and National Assembly. Gandapur further stated that work on the Moqpondass Special Economic Zone would begin in Gilgit-Baltistan under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Gilgit-Baltistan, and its complex status within the larger Kashmir crisis, has long been a source of contention between India and Pakistan. India has opposed CPEC projects in Gilgit-Baltistan, arguing that the territory remains disputed, and the announcement was met with severe resistance and opposition in New Delhi.
Claim: Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-19): Today it remains one of the most militarised zones in the world. China administers parts of the territory. The population of historic Kashmir is divided into about 10 million people in Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir and 4.5 million in Pakistani-administered Kashmir. There are a further 1.8 million people in the Gilgit-Baltistan autonomous territory, which Pakistan created from northern Kashmir and the two small princely states of Hunza and Nagar in 1970. [...] Indian troops took two-thirds of the territory, and Pakistan seized the northern remainder. China occupied eastern parts of the state in the 1950s.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Jammu[b] and Kashmir[c] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[3] The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.[2] [...] The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is administered under the provisions of Article 239 of the Constitution of India. Article 239A, originally formulated for the union territory of Puduchery, is also applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.[73] [...] (d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-07): Kashmir, a Muslim-majority region, has been claimed by both Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan since the end of British colonial rule in 1947. The region is now separated by the 450-mile Line of Control, with hundreds of thousands of troops stationed there. Disputes over Kashmir’s status have fueled three wars and periodic bouts of violence. Kashmiri separatist groups, who have long resisted India’s control, exacerbate those tensions. China also claims a small part of the region. The India-controlled part, which makes up about 45 percent of Kashmir, has been officially recognized by New Delhi as the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Home to more than twelve million people, roughly 1 percent of India’s population, it is the country’s only Muslim-majority state. India’s constitution—specifically Article 370—for the past seventy years allowed the state to make its own laws. It also effectively banned nonresidents from buying property and working in local government. But Jammu and Kashmir’s special status ended this week when New Delhi abolished Article 370. The government, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, also announced that Jammu and Kashmir would be downgraded from state and split into two union territories, giving New Delhi more control over the area’s affairs.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): As a state, Jammu and Kashmir retained a special status within the Indian governmental structure and followed a modified version of the Indian constitution. A governor, appointed by the president of India, served as head of state (a largely ceremonial position). The actual administration of the state was carried out by an elected chief minister and the Council of Ministers. Jammu and Kashmir also had a two-house legislature. In August 2019, however, the national government effectively suspended the constitution of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Legislation passed that month established a framework for splitting the state into the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the union territory of Ladakh. Under this framework, the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir will be under the administration of a lieutenant governor appointed by the president of India. It will have a Legislative Assembly, with members elected to five-year terms, though it may be dissolved by the lieutenant governor before the term expires. The union territory of Ladakh will likewise be administered by a lieutenant governor. Unlike Jammu and Kashmir (but like most other union territories in India), Ladakh will not have a legislative body.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Jammu[a] and Kashmir[b] was a region formerly administered by India as a state from 1952 to 2019, constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India, Pakistan and China since the mid-20th century.[5][6] The underlying region of this state were parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, whose western districts, now known as Azad Kashmir, and northern territories, now known as Gilgit-Baltistan, are administered by Pakistan. The Aksai Chin region in the east, bordering Tibet, has been under Chinese control since 1962. [...] - ^ Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-04-18): In August 2019, amid much controversy, the government of India significantly changed the administrative status of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir through the hard-hitting and broadly-reaching Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act. The key reforms included the separation of the region of Ladakh and making it a separate "union territory" (UT). At the same time, the administrative status of Jammu and Kashmir itself was reduced from a state to a union territory (which, the home minister promised, was only a temporary measure, although without a specific timeline). What does this change of status mean in practice? [...] It must be added that Jammu and Kashmir was also a special case among Indian states, as it had a special autonomous status in many regards, which, however, has now been done away with at the same time that the region was reduced to a union territory. Thus, with the new reforms, Ladakh has been granted more autonomy than it had before (as it was only a region within a larger state) while Jammu and Kashmir lost a lot of its own autonomy. [...] While pushing through the new reform, the Indian government announced that Ladakh will be a UT without an assembly (which will make it a regular UT) while Jammu and Kashmir will be a union territory with an assembly (like Puducherry). This would also suggest that Jammu and Kashmir’s lawmakers will be eligible to vote in India’s presidential elections, as the same power belongs to Puducherry’s lawmakers (while other UTs do not take part in these elections).
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-10-31): India has officially split the former state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories, a move that gives the government in New Delhi greater control over the disputed Muslim-majority region. From Thursday, most of Jammu and Kashmir – including a section of the disputed Kashmir Valley controlled by India – was stripped of its statehood and turned into one union territory. [...] Also on August 5, the government introduced a bill to change Jammu and Kashmir’s administrative status from a state to a union territory. It was signed into law days afterwards, and took effect on October 31. In the Indian system, state governments retain significant authority over local matters. But New Delhi has more of a say in the affairs of a union territory.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-16): The home ministry in a late night notification, replaced the state of Jammu and Kashmir with the "union territory of Jammu and Kashmir" and announced omission of "permanent residents or hereditary state subjects". Jammu and Kashmir ceased to be a state and became two union territories - Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh - on midnight Wednesday, 86 days after the Parliament revoked the special status enjoyed by it under Article 370. [...] The references, by whatever form of words, to the "state of Jammu and Kashmir" or "Jammu and Kashmir" or "state" shall from October 31 be construed as "Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir" or "Union Territory of Ladakh", as the case may be, it said.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-16): Explained | J&K and Ladakh become Union Territories: What it means [...] The erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir has now officially ceased to exist and the two Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh have come into existence. The erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir has now officially ceased to exist and the two Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh have come into existence. This comes 86 days after the Parliament revoked the special status enjoyed by it under Article 370. The UT of Jammu and Kashmir will have a legislature like Puducherry with an elected legislative assembly and a chief minister. Ladakh, on the other hand, will be a UT without legislature like Chandigarh. Watch this video to understand what this means for the two regions.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-02): Jammu and Kashmir, located in the northernmost part of India, is a region known for its breathtaking natural beauty and diverse cultural heritage. This article aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the geography of Jammu and Kashmir, highlighting its physical features, climate, wildlife, and tourism potential. [...] Jammu and Kashmir is a union territory in northern India, bordered by Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south. It is divided into three regions: Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. The region has a rich historical and cultural heritage, attracting tourists from all over the world. [...] The geography of Jammu and Kashmir is a perfect blend of awe-inspiring natural beauty, diverse landscapes, and cultural richness. From the majestic Himalayas to the serene lakes and vibrant valleys, the region offers a plethora of experiences for tourists. Whether you are seeking adventure, tranquility, or spiritual enlightenment, Jammu and Kashmir has something for everyone.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-10): Jammu and Kashmir: Now a territory of the Union [...] It also pushed through a bill in the Rajya Sabha to reorganise the state. J&K has now been bifurcated; Jammu and Kashmir will be a Union Territory (UT) with a legislature; and Ladakh will be a separate UT without a legislature. The resolutions are to be tabled in Lok Sabha on Tuesday, where the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) has an overwhelming majority. [...] The move also provoked howls of outrage from Pakistan, which has fought four wars with India and continues to engage in a shadow war in Kahsmir with the use of terrorists. It asked the Indian government to "halt and reverse" its decision to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, contending such a unilateral step cannot change the state’s status as an "internationally recognised disputed territory".
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-08): Two former chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir - the Indian state which encompasses the disputed territory - were placed under house arrest. [...] Religion is one factor: Jammu and Kashmir is more than 60% Muslim, making it the only state within India where Muslims are in the majority. [...] India's parliament has now passed a bill splitting Indian-administered Kashmir into two territories governed directly by Delhi: Jammu and Kashmir, and remote, mountainous Ladakh.