copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-14): The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, Politics and History in the North-South Boundary Zone of Western Sudan, 2010 [...] The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, Politics and History in the North-South Boundary Zone of Western Sudan [...] MS201.002.01407, The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, Politics and History in the North-South Boundary Zone of Western Sudan, 2010. Alex de Waal African Union High-Level Implementation Panel Papers, MS201. Tufts Archival Research Center. https://archives.tufts.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/132577 Accessed October 09, 2024.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-04-26): A growing body of evidence indicates that from 2009 until at least early 2013 the Ugandan Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) rebel group has periodically operated in the Kafia Kingi enclave, one of the disputed areas on the border between Sudan and South Sudan. The enclave is currently controlled by Sudan, and numerous eyewitness reports indicate that elements of the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) in Kafia Kingi have actively sheltered senior LRA commanders there and provided them with limited material support. [...] Sudan’s harboring of the LRA in the Kafia Kingi enclave was the latest upswing in a cycle of opportunistic collaboration between the two parties that dates back to 1994. The military training, safe haven, weapons, and supplies the Sudanese government provided to the LRA were critical to the group’s growth into an increasingly deadly rebel force. By 2004, Sudanese support had waned, leading to a period of prolonged disengagement before the LRA reestablished contact with the SAF in Kafia Kingi in 2009.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-08): Here’s one of the most important questions in the world: where on earth is Joseph Kony? On Tuesday, UN General Secretary Ban Ki-moon released a statement publicly confirming what Invisible Children has known for a while: he’s hiding in Kafia Kingi. Kafia Kingi is a Sudanese controlled ‘enclave’ bordering South Sudan and the Central African Republic. It’s a place to which Kony has been able to return time and time again to take refuge, from which he’s been able to continue to direct his fighters to attack civilians in neighbouring countries, and an area where African Union led forces (assisted by U.S. advisers) cannot go. [...] Kony’s return to Kafia Kingi (as well as his abuse of the turmoil in neighbouring Central African Republic) is yet more proof of his canny ability to exploit the political situation around him for survival. Yet, it is also arguably a symptom of the pressure he is under. According to Invisible Children’s Counter-LRA programs manage Sean Poole, "Joseph Kony and the LRA are more desperate than they have ever been in their history." Last year alone, a combination of ‘Come-Home’ messaging and counter-LRA military operations reduced the rebel group’s core fighting force by over 20%. Only around 200 fighters remain on the battlefield, and as recently as February there were credible reports that another senior commander may have been removed from the battlefield.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2003-03-01): In January 2015 Dominic Ongwen, an LRA general wanted for war crimes, was apprehended by US forces and is awaiting trial at the International Criminal Court in the Hague. Ongwen is one of five commanders, including Kony, indicted by the ICC in 2005. Kony’s whereabouts are unknown, although he is believed to be hiding in Kafia Kingi, a Sudanese-controlled enclave on the border of the CAR and South Sudan. Kony is also believed to be in poor health. Defectors from the LRA have reported that Kony has diabetes, while it has also been alleged the warlord has AIDS.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-16): This area is claimed by both Kenya and South Sudan. De facto control is divided between the two countries. Kafia Kingi: Sudan; South Sudan The demarcation of the Sudan-South Sudan boundary, along with its westernmost limit and adjoining area (known as the Kafia Kingi enclave) remain subject to further negotiations. Kafia Kingi is marginally administered by both Sudan and South Sudan.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The name derives from the Arabic bilād as-sūdān (بلاد السودان), or "The Land of the Blacks".[37] The name is one of various toponyms sharing similar etymologies, in reference to the very dark skin of the indigenous people. Prior to this, Sudan was known as Nubia and Ta Nehesi or Ta Seti by Ancient Egyptians named for the Nubian and Medjay archers or bowmen. [...] - Kafia Kingi and Radom National Park was a part of Bahr el Ghazal in 1956.[232] Sudan has recognised South Sudanese independence according to the borders for 1 January 1956.[233] [...] - Sudan profile from BBC News - CIMIC activities in the African Union Mission in Sudan - The conflict in South Sudan – The Economist - UNAMID | UNITED NATIONS – AFRICAN UNION HYBRID OPERATION IN DARFUR - Sudan - 1956 establishments in Africa - Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language - Countries and territories where English is an official language - Countries in Africa - North African countries - Federal republics - Least developed countries - Member states of the African Union - Member states of the Arab League - Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation - Member states of the United Nations - Military dictatorships - East African countries - Saharan countries - States and territories established in 1956
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-12): The UN and NGOs reported in 2013 that the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) is likely operating in the disputed Kafia Kingi area, claimed by Sudan and South Sudan, in close proximity to Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). At year's end, the United States continued to engage the Government of Sudan, the AU, and the UN to evaluate these reports.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-15): Sudan denounces UN claims LRA leader is present in its territory May 14, 2014 (KHARTOUM) – The Sudanese government has denounced claims made by the United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki-Moon, that the leader of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) Joseph Kony is currently present in Sudan’s Kafia Kingi enclave. [...] In a statement on Wednesday, Sudan’s foreign ministry underscored the country’s commitment to fight against the LRA since the signing of the agreement with Uganda which allowed the latter to pursue Kony’s troops inside Sudanese territories in 2002.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Following the signing of the Nairobi Agreement, the Center assisted Sudan and Uganda with its implementation, convening a multitude of ministerial and security meetings between the two governments and other stakeholders. [...] In recent years, it has experienced a large demographic shift, with as many as 60,000 gold miners and 20,000 refugees from neighboring South Sudan and elsewhere entering the region. This shift, combined with scarce resources and existing local conflicts between farmers and nomads, puts the area at risk for widespread conflict. The Carter Center is working to develop and support a grassroots mechanism for conflict management, which has the potential to reduce conflict and make the area accessible to public health workers. [...] In 2013, when three cases of Guinea worm were reported in the village of Kafia Kingi, near the Sudan-South Sudan border, Sudan's Ministry of Health immediately conducted active surveillance and interventions in Kafia-Kingi and four nearby villages. Although the program suspected that the cases were imported from South Sudan, village volunteers continued to conduct health education and house-to-house searches for cases twice a month, distribute cloth filters, and apply Abate, donated by BASF, to water sources monthly. Since then, no additional cases have been reported in Sudan.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-05-25): Kafia Kingi area (Also spelled Kafia Kinji, Kafiya Kinji) This is the largest of the regions disputed between Sudan and South Sudan, with its own confused history. Sudan seems to have transferred the area from the south's Western Bahr el Ghazal state to the north's South Darfur state in 1960 - too late to make it part of the north under the 1956 borders. However, some documents suggest it may have already been transferred by the British in the 1930's (before 1956, making the transfer still valid today). In addition to the town of Kafia Kingi itself, the area also includes the copper mining town of Hofrat en Nahas (also Hufrat an Nuhas, Hufrat al Nahas) and the border town of Kafan Dabi (also Kafindabei, Kafn Dubai, Kafan Dibi), which was recently "recaptured" by the north. Further Reading: Contested Borderlands: The Kafia Kingi Enclave
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-05-04): Based on new interviews with recent LRA defectors, LRA founder and leader Joseph Kony was based in the Sudan-controlled enclave of Kafia Kingi as of May 2015, an area he has rarely moved from since 2011. His initial base in 2011 was reportedly 10 miles from the Sudan Armed Forces garrison in Dafak, South Darfur, and his last known location in May 2015 was at the foot of Mount Toussoro at the Kafia Kingi-CAR border. According to recent LRA defectors, Kony is unlikely to move deeper into South Darfur, as that area is more populated and insecure, and he would be much more likely to be spotted. There is a slight possibility that Sudanese army troops are unaware of the exact whereabouts of Kony himself, but LRA defectors have consistently claimed that the local Sudanese military personnel has knowledge of the presence of LRA groups in Kafia Kingi, a stark contrast to the Government of Sudan’s persistent denials of LRA presence in its territory. [...] - Sudan should allow troops of the African Union Regional Task Force (AU-RTF) access to the Sudan-controlled enclave of Kafia Kingi to pursue Joseph Kony and remaining LRA groups.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-03-07): A.k.a.: a) LRA b) Lord’s Resistance Movement (LRM) c) Lord’s Resistance Movement/Army (LRM/A) F.k.a.: na Address: a) Vakaga, Central African Republic b) Haute-Kotto, Central African Republic c) Basse-Kotto, Central African Republic d) Haut-Mbomou, Central African Republic e) Mbomou, Central African Republic f) Haut-Uolo, Democratic Republic of the Congo g) Bas-Uolo, Democratic Republic of the Congo h) Reported address: Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined). As of January 2015, 500 Lord’s Resistance Army elements were reportedly expelled from the Sudan Listed on: 7 Mar. 2016 Other Information: Emerged in northern Uganda in the 1980s. Has engaged in the abduction, killing and mutilation of thousands of civilians in Central Africa, including hundreds in the Central African Republic. The leader is Joseph Kony (CFi.009).
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-01): Address: Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined). [...] In April 2015, Salim departed Kafia Kingi to retrieve a shipment of tusks. In May, Salim participated in the transport of 20 pieces of ivory from DRC to Kafia Kingi. Around the same time, Ali met with the merchants to purchase supplies and to plan a future meeting to conduct additional transactions and to agree to terms of purchase on the LRA's behalf for what is assessed to be the ivory that Salim was escorting. [...] Address: a) Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined) b) Central African Republic
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-08-23): Name (original script): na Title: na Designation: Deputy, Lord’s Resistance Army DOB: a) 1994 b) 1993 c) 1995 d) 1992 POB: na Good Quality a.k.a.: a) Ali Lalobo b) Ali Mohammad Labolo c) Ali Mohammed d) Ali Mohammed Lalobo e) Ali Mohammed Kony f) Ali Mohammed Labola g) Ali Mohammed Salongo h) Ali Bashir Lalobo i) Ali Lalobo Bashir Low quality a.k.a. a) Otim Kapere b) "Bashir" c) "Caesar" d) "One-P" e) "1-P" Nationality: na Passport no.: na National identification no.: na Address: Kafia Kingi, (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined). Listed on: 23 Aug. 2016 Other Information: Ali Kony is a deputy in the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) (CFe.002), a designated entity and the son of LRA leader Joseph Kony (CFi.009), a designated individual. Ali was incorporated into the LRA’s leadership hierarchy in 2010. He is part of a group of senior LRA officers who are based with Joseph Kony.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-03-07): Kony, as the leader of the LRA, devises and implements LRA strategy, including standing orders to attack and brutalize civilian populations. Since December 2013, the LRA under the leadership of Joseph Kony has kidnapped, displaced, committed sexual violence against, and killed hundreds of individuals across CAR, and has looted and destroyed civilian property. Concentrated in eastern CAR and reportedly in Kafia Kingi, a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined but militarily controlled by the former, the LRA raids villages to pillage food and supplies. The fighters set ambushes to attack security forces and steal their equipment when they respond to LRA attacks, and LRA fighters also target and loot villages that do not have a military presence. The LRA has also intensified attacks on diamond and gold mining sites.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-07): Koalou or Kourou is a neutral zone between Benin and Burkina Faso[2] containing the villages of Koalou, Niorgou I, and Niorgou II.[3] The 68 km2 area of land is near the tripoint border with Togo and has been the subject of a dispute between the two countries for years. For Benin, the zone is part of the commune of Matéri in the department of Atakora; for Burkina Faso, the zone is part of the department of Pama in the province of Kompienga. The two countries chose to settle the issue peacefully in 2008 by removing all displayed symbols of sovereignty from both countries.[2] [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ "Litige frontalier Burkina Faso-Bénin: Koalou, l'héritage de la discorde : Citizenship Rights in Africa Initiative". citizenshiprightsafrica.org. Retrieved 2023-08-18. - ^ a b c d "Différend frontalier Burkina-Bénin : Kourou/Koalou déclarée zone neutre - leFaso.net". lefaso.net. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-10): In 1946 Dahomey became an overseas territory of France. It was created an autonomous republic within the French Community in 1959 and achieved complete independence on August 1, 1960. During the period of decolonization, the nationalist movement in Dahomey became fragmented, with the emergence of three regionally based political parties—led by Sourou-Migan Apithy (president in 1964–65), Justin Ahomadégbé (1972), and Hubert Maga (1960–63 and 1970–72), drawing their principal support respectively from Porto-Novo, Abomey, and the north. After independence in 1960, these political problems were exacerbated by economic difficulties, reflected in student and trade union unrest. The ensuing instability resulted in six successful military coups d’état between 1963 and 1972 and periods of army rule in 1965–68 and 1969–70. In a last military coup, on October 26, 1972, power was seized by Major (later General) Mathieu Kérékou. From 1974 Kérékou pursued a Marxist-Leninist policy, based on nationalizations and state planning of the economy. The country was renamed the People’s Republic of Benin in 1975.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The Kingdom of Benin, located in the southern forests of West Africa (modern Nigeria) and formed by the Edo people, flourished from the 13th to 19th century CE. The capital, also called Benin, was the hub of a trade network exclusively controlled by the king or oba and which included relations with Portuguese traders who sought gold and slaves. Benin went into decline during the 18th century CE as the kingdom was racked by civil wars, and it was ultimately conquered by the British in 1897 CE. Today, the kingdom is perhaps best known for its impressive brass sculptures and plaques which frequently depict rulers and their family; they are considered amongst the finest artworks ever produced in Africa. [...] The Kingdom of Benin was located near the southern coast of West Africa in a region which is today southern Nigeria (the modern state of Benin is further along the coast to the west and named after the Bight of Benin). The territory is a mix of rainforest, dry forest, and mangrove swamp. Formed in the 13th century CE as a state proper, the Kingdom of Benin was populated by the Kwa-speaking Edo people and covered at its peak an area of some 400 kilometres (250 miles) in length and 200 kilometres in width. The heartland was a circle around the capital, also called Benin, extending some 60 kilometres in all directions and was ruled directly by the king. Next came an outer band of territory governed by royal princes and finally a third ring of tribes which offered tribute to but were not directly ruled by the king of Benin.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-27): Koualou sits in the northwest corner of Atacora next to Pendjari National Park, the site of Benin’s first terrorist attack, which saw two French tourists kidnapped and their local guide killed in 2019. Extremists use Pendjari as a refuge, along with Arly National Park in Burkina Faso and W National Park in Niger. [...] The situation in Kourou-Koualou is complicated by the fact that both Benin and Burkina Faso claim the territory near the tripoint with Togo and jointly administer it. To reduce the chance of conflict, both countries have withdrawn their militaries. The lack of security has encouraged smuggling and related activities. [...] This year, Benin began stepping up its military presence on its side of the Kourou-Koualou territory in an effort to clamp down on extremism and illicit activities. However, it’s not clear how long the government will maintain that presence, according to ISS.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-20): Researchers later discovered walls about 6,000 to 13,000 kilometres long that were apparently erected to mark territories. The capital city was rebuilt, and between 1440-1470 Oba Ewuare turned the Benin empire into a fortress protected by walls and moats, and that was from where he launched his military exploits and expanded the kingdom. Places like Idah, Akure, Owo all fell under his authority. At the height of its power, the Empire is said to have amassed territories beginning from present-day Onitsha in Nigeria through southwestern Nigeria all the way to the coastline of Ghana.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): As a political unit, Benin was created by the French colonial conquest at the end of the 19th century. In the precolonial period, the territory comprised a multiplicity of independent states, differing in language and culture. The south was occupied mainly by Ewe-speaking peoples, who traced their traditional origins to the town of Tado (in modern Togo). During the 16th and 17th centuries, the most powerful state in this area was the kingdom of Allada (Ardra), but in the 18th and 19th centuries its place was taken by Dahomey. In the north, the largest group was the Bariba, the most important state being the kingdom of Nikki, which formed part of a confederacy including other Bariba states located in what is today Nigeria. The Somba, in the northwest, did not form a kingdom.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-25): Key points - The Kingdom of Benin was located in what is now known as southern Nigeria.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): The Kingdom of Benin,[2] also known as Great Benin or Benin Kingdom is a kingdom within what is now southern Nigeria.[3] It has no historical relation to the modern republic of Benin,[4] which was known as Dahomey from the 17th century until 1975. The Kingdom of Benin's capital was Edo, now known as Benin City in Edo State, Nigeria. The Benin Kingdom was "one of the oldest and most developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa". It grew out of the previous Edo Kingdom of Igodomigodo around the 11th century AD,[5] and lasted until it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897.[6] [...] Prehistory [edit]By the 1st century BC, the Benin territory was partially agricultural; and it became primarily agricultural by around 500 AD, but hunting and gathering still remained important. Also by 500, iron was in use by the inhabitants of the Benin territory.[7] [...] - ^ Koutonin, Mawuna (18 March 2016). "Story of cities #5: Benin City, the mighty medieval capital now lost without trace". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Claim: Koalou is a territory of Benin (Koalou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-18): Koalou or Kourou is a neutral zone between Benin and Burkina Faso[2] containing the villages of Koalou, Niorgou I, and Niorgou II.[3] The 68 km2 area of land is near the tripoint border with Togo and has been the subject of a dispute between the two countries for years. For Benin, the zone is part of the commune of Matéri in the department of Atakora; for Burkina Faso, the zone is part of the department of Pama in the province of Kompienga. The two countries chose to settle the issue peacefully in 2008 by removing all displayed symbols of sovereignty from both countries.[2] Since 2009, the area has been administered by the Joint Committee for the Concerted Management of the Kourou/Koalou Area (COMGEC-K). The committee is composed of 14 members from each country and is led by two chairmen.[2] Due to the delicate legal situation of the area, there is a lack of security as both Burkinabe and Benin forces have deserted the area in order to avoid a diplomatic incident.[4] The hole left by the security forces has caused Koalou/Kourou to become an epicentre of an illicit cross-border fuel trade. It has also allowed for Al-Qaida-affiliated groups to operate gold mines in the area and tax smugglers.[5] The problem has been slightly reduced following a crackdown on the area by Beninese troops in 2023. However, it did not come without controversy from Burkina Faso.[5][6]