copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-22): The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,[a] abbreviated as Nakhichevan ASSR[b] was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Azerbaijan SSR proper on 9 February 1924. [...] Vladimir Lenin, although welcoming this act of "great Soviet fraternity" where "boundaries had no meaning among the family of Soviet peoples," did not agree with the motion and instead called for the people of Nakhichevan to be consulted in a referendum. According to the formal figures of this referendum, held at the beginning of 1921, 90% of Nakhichevan's population wanted to be included in the Azerbaijan SSR "with the rights of an autonomous republic."[10] The decision to make Nakhichevan a part of modern-day Azerbaijan was cemented 16 March 1921 in the Treaty of Moscow between Bolshevist Russia and Turkey.[12] The agreement between Soviet Russia and Turkey also called for attachment of the former Sharur-Daralagez uyezd (which had a solid Azeri majority) to Nakhichevan, thus allowing Turkey to share a border with the Azerbaijan SSR. This deal was reaffirmed on 23 October, in the Treaty of Kars. Article V of the treaty stated the following: [...] On 19 November 1990, it became the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic within the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-23): More importantly, however, Turkey gained a land corridor to Azerbaijan’s exclave of Nakhchivan. The stipulation in the document reads: "Armenia guarantees the security of transport links … for unimpeded movement of citizens, vehicles, and cargo in both directions" between mainland Azerbaijan and the exclave of Nakhchivan, which are separated by Armenian territory. Moreover, "Transport control is exercised by the Border Service of the Federal Security Service of Russia. By agreement of the parties, the construction of new transport communications connecting the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Azerbaijan’s western regions will be provided." [...] What bothers Iran is a potentially major shift in the region’s transportation routes. For decades Azerbaijan has been dependent on Iran for transiting energy and other supplies to Nakhchivan. The new Karabakh deal could change it. Armenia will now guarantee the opening up of a corridor through its territory to allow Azerbaijan to transport goods directly to Nakhichevan. Quite naturally, this limits Tehran’s leverage over Baku. [...] Abandoning this transit corridor would undermine the efficacy of the South Caucasus transportation and energy corridor. This makes the extent of the Nakhchevan corridor quite limited. Perhaps, what the region is likely to see is the growing interconnectedness of the exclave with the Turkish territory. The emergence of a major corridor through the Nakhchivan is likely to happen if, at minimum, a meaningful improvement of Turkey-Armenia relations takes place.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-06-12): The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijani: Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası, pronounced [nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn muxˈtɑɾ ɾesˈpublikɑsɯ])[2] is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers 5,502.75 km2 (2,124.62 sq mi)[3] with a population of 459,600.[4] It is bordered by Armenia[lower-alpha 1] to the east and north, Iran[lower-alpha 2] to the southwest, and Turkey[lower-alpha 3] to the west. It is the sole autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, governed by its own elected legislature. [...] Today, Nakhchivan retains its autonomy as the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and is internationally recognized as a constituent part of Azerbaijan governed by its own elected legislative assembly.[91] A new constitution for Nakhchivan was approved in a referendum on November 12, 1995. The constitution was adopted by the republic's assembly on April 28, 1998, and has been in force since January 8, 1999.[92] However, the republic remains isolated, not only from the rest of Azerbaijan, but practically from the entire South Caucasus region. From 1995 until his resignation in December 2022, the region was ruled by Vasif Talibov, who is related by marriage to Azerbaijan's ruling family, the Aliyevs.[93] He was known for his authoritarian[93] and largely corrupt rule of the region.[94] Most residents prefer to watch Turkish television as opposed to Nakhchivan television, which one Azerbaijani journalist criticised as "a propaganda vehicle for Talibov and the Aliyevs."[93]
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Recent months witnessed major political and economic developments, especially in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Starting from December 2022, Azerbaijani state-controlled media, members of Parliament, and officials expressed their dissatisfaction with the leadership and autonomy of Nakhchivan, as well as called on the government to set up a more centralized system in the Autonomous Republic, taking into account its broad power in the region since the dissolution of the USSR, which leads to a lack of control over the exclave. The discussion over the autonomy of Nakhchivan created heated debate and controversy among Azerbaijani MPs and sparked social discontent among some Nakhchivan residents. Moreover, even though in December 2022 Vasif Talibov, the chairman of the Supreme Assembly of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, traveled to Baku to discuss recent developments in Nakhchivan, clarify judgement from Baku towards his rule in the Autonomous Republic, and meet with Ilham Aliyev to discuss the controversial issues, there were reports that the Azerbaijani President refused to meet him. Notably, before that, Vasif Talibov refused Baku's invitation twice, which asked the Nakhchivani head to travel to Baku and discuss contentious topics that the central authority wants to discuss.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-11): Located just north of the Aras River and the Iranian border, Meghri is hemmed in by Azerbaijani territory. To the east lies Azerbaijan proper, whose border with Armenia has been shut since 1991. Roughly six miles to the west lies Nakhchivan, a landlocked Azerbaijani exclave that Baku has long dreamed of connecting to its mainland. A sliver of Nakhchivan borders Turkey. [...] Yerevan pledged to open transport routes to Baku as part of a 2020 cease-fire after a brief war in Nagorno-Karabakh. But since then, Armenian officials have balked, saying that any such arrangement would effectively be the occupation of Armenian territory. [...] But in 1992, with Armenia and Azerbaijan at war over Nagorno-Karabakh, revenge attacks escalated. A group of Azerbaijanis hijacked the train running from Yerevan to Kapan as it passed through Nakhchivan and took 12 wagons full of mostly Armenian passengers hostage for a week.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-29): I was talking to a friend about my travel plans to Azerbaijan and she told me about the exclave of Nakhchivan, geographically separated from the rest of Azerbaijan by its neighbor and enemy, Armenia, with whom they’re still at war. [...] For a capital of an autonomous republic, the streets of Nakhchivan City are puzzlingly sedate. Meanwhile, the apartments of Nakhchivan City look like lacquered Lego toys, tidily stacked in OCD-like perfection. Nakhchivan is almost Swiss in its cleanness. Every courtyard is meticulously manicured. I wouldn’t be surprised if there are more rosebushes than people in the city of Nakhchivan, population 75,000. [...] Nakhchivan was the first part of the former USSR to claim independence, in January of 1990, yet the ease with which it gained independence would belie what was to come. The Nagorno-Karabakh War between Azerbaijan and Armenia claimed tens of thousands of lives, displacing over a million. It was during this war that Nakhchivan was blockaded for a year, which has made the exclave a bit obsessed with self-reliance.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-07): What Is The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic? The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (NAR) is an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan. It covers 2,100 sq miles and is separated from Azerbaijan by southern Armenia. It is landlocked and borders Armenia to the north and the east, Iran to the west and the south, and Turkey to the northwest. NAR has a population of about 453,000 and Nakhchivan City is the capital. The region that is now Nakhchivan was part of Iran's Safavid Dynasty in the mid and late 16th century. It was awarded to Imperial Russia in 1828 after the Russo Persian War. In 1917, the region revolted against Imperial Russia and was placed under the rule of a provisional government. In May 1918, Nakhchivan, Zangezur, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Qazakh were contested by the newly-formed States of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Democratic Republic of Armenia. The Ottoman Empire occupied the territory in June 1918 but pulled out and paved the way for a British occupation in adherence to the Armistice of Monroe. The Bolsheviks seized the land in 1920 and declared it an autonomous republic while upholding close ties with Azerbaijan. In 1990, it declared independence from the Soviet Union in protest against the marginalization of nationalistic movements in Azerbaijan. A year later, Nakhchivan declared itself an autonomous region of Azerbaijan governed by a democratically elected legislature. The region is still recovering from the Armenian-Azerbaijan war that saw Armenia annex part of its territory.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-09): The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, known simply as Nakhichevan, is a landlocked exclave of Azerbaijan bordering Armenia, Turkey, and Iran. [...] Nakhichevan, as an "exclave" of Azerbaijan, is geographically separated from the main territory by surrounding alien territory. Nakhichevan retains its autonomy as the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic and is internationally recognized as a constituent part of Azerbaijan governed by its own elected parliament. A new constitution for Nakhichevan was approved in a referendum on November 12, 1995, adopted by the republic's assembly on April 28, 1998, and has been in force since January 8, 1999. [...] As an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan’s GDP, poverty, unemployment and trade statistics are part of Azerbaijan’s statistics. The territory shares all the problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy. Other problems result from the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, and pervasive corruption.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-20): The rugged landscape of the South Caucasus had made Nakhchivan a natural corridor linking Yerevan to Baku and Teheran. But politics in its most detestable form transformed it into an exclave – a territory under the sovereignty of a nation from which it is separated by a country or a body of water. It is cut off from Azerbaijan to the north and east by a mountain range belonging to the Armenian enemy, known as Zangezur. On its southwestern flank, the Aras River forms the border with Iran, a neighbor with which Baku maintains a checkered relationship. The only land route linking Nakhichevan to the rest of Azerbaijan ran through Iran, making a detour of several hundred kilometers to avoid skirting the Armenian border. Teheran cut off this route at the time of the 2020 war.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-25): In this handout photo released by Turkish Presidency, Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev, right, and Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan listen to national anthems during a welcome ceremony in Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan, Monday, Sept. 25, 2023. Thousands of Armenians streamed out of Nagorno-Karabakh after the Azerbaijani military reclaimed full control of the breakaway region while Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Azerbaijan Monday in a show of support to its ally. (Turkish Presidency via AP) [...] TALLINN, Estonia (AP) — After Azerbaijan’s military offensive regained full control of the breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh region, another dispute is looming on the horizon with Armenia: the territory of Nakhchivan. [...] Like Nagorno-Karabakh, where the Armenian population felt cut off from the country of Armenia, Nakhchivan is territorially separated from the rest of Azerbaijan.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-21): As part of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Nakhichevan Republic is located in South Asia, west of Azerbaijan proper and separated from this main territory by the narrow strip of Armenia. The landmass of Nakhichevan is 5,500 square kilometers, occupying the southern slopes of the Darlagez range and the southwestern slopes of the Zangezur Mountains. The Araz river valley extends between these two ranges. Almost 75 percent of the territory is located at an elevation of 1,000 meters. Gapydjik, located in the Zangezur range, is the highest peak in the region at 3,904 meters. The region is also known for its volcanic domes and its frequent, severe earthquakes. [...] According to legend, Noah's ark is said to have first touched land along the submerged peaks of the Zangezur Mountains before reaching Mount Ararat. The Republic's name is derived from this legend, as "Nakhichevan" is a corruption of Nukkhtchikhan, the colony of Noah. Like the surrounding region, Nakhichevan sits at a strategic crossroads and has been subject to military intervention throughout much of its history. In the mid-eighteenth century, after successive battles for supremacy between Iran and Russia, Nakhichevan came under Russian control, in accordance with the treaty of Turkmanchai in 1828. In 1924 Josef Stalin designated Nakhichevan an autonomous republic, a status it maintains today within Azerbaijan.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-06): Nakhchivan: Autonomous Republic Of Most Powerful Country In Southern Caucasus – OpEd [...] The South Caucasus is a rather complicated region. A hundred years ago, the military and political events that took place here significantly changed the map of the South Caucasus. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the fall of Tsarist Russia serious border problems arose between the independent republics that were born there. In the 1920s, as a result of the crossing interests of the great powers and the reoccupation of these lands by Bolshevism, serious changes took place in the map of the South Caucasus, and some of these problems still remain. Therefore, many people find it difficult to explain the reasons for the separated areas such as Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, when they look at this area on the map. As a result of these political processes, Nakhchivan, which was separated from Azerbaijan since February 1924, managed to remain as an autonomous republic within our country. However, the same Azerbaijan that you saw on the map of the South Caucasus printed in France during the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 no longer exists, and now between Nakhchivan and main part of Azerbaijan stretches Zangezur region of Armenia. Currently, Nakhchivan has the status of an autonomous republic with its own parliament as a part of Azerbaijan.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Nakhchivan (Azerbaijani: Naxçıvan Azerbaijani pronunciation: [nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn]; Armenian: Նախիջևան, romanized: Nakhijevan) is the capital and largest city of the eponymous Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, a true exclave of Azerbaijan, located 450 km (280 mi) west of Baku. The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan, the settlement of Əliabad and the villages of Başbaşı, Bulqan, Haciniyyət, Qaraçuq, Qaraxanbəyli, Tumbul, Qarağalıq, and Daşduz.[2] It is spread over the foothills of Zangezur Mountains, on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of 873 m (2,864 ft) above sea level. [...] Soviet Russia took control of Nakhchivan on 28 July 1920, and the city became part of the newly formed Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.[37] The Treaty of Moscow of 16 March 1921, and later the Treaty of Kars of 21 October 1921, between Soviet Union and Turkey agreed that Nakhicheva would be an autonomous territory under the protection of Azerbaijan and delimited its borders with Turkey.[38][39] In February 1923, the city formed part of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Krai within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), but later became the capital of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the ASSR in March 1924.[37] [...] - ^ "Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası". nakhchivan.az. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-25): Insular and isolated, the autonomous republic of Nakhchivan is emerging as one of the world’s most sustainable places. Chances are you’ve never heard of Nakhchivan. Jammed between Armenia, Iran and Turkey on the Transcaucasian plateau, this autonomous republic of Azerbaijan is one of the most isolated outposts of the former Soviet Union and a place few travellers ever visit. [...] In 1988, as Moscow was losing its grip over its constituent republics, war erupted in Nakhchivan’s neighbouring enclave Nagorno-Karabakh in south-western Azerbaijan between ethnic Armenians backed by Armenia and Azerbaijan. As many as 30,000 people died before an unsteady ceasefire was finally struck in 1994. In retaliation, the ethnic Armenian majority controlling the territory closed all railways and roads linking Nakhchivan to the rest of Azerbaijan and the USSR in 1988. Only two small bridges built over the Aras River into Iran and Turkey saved Nakhchivan from starvation and total collapse.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-25): TALLINN, Estonia (AP) — After Azerbaijan’s military offensive regained full control of the breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh region, another dispute is looming on the horizon with Armenia: the territory of Nakhchivan. Like Nagorno-Karabakh, where the Armenian population felt cut off from the country of Armenia, Nakhchivan is territorially separated from the rest of Azerbaijan. [...] In December, Azerbaijan imposed a blockade of the only road connecting Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia, alleging that the Armenian government was using the road for mineral extraction and illicit weapons shipments to the region’s separatist forces. Armenia charged that the closure denied basic food and fuel supplies to Nagorno-Karabakh’s approximately 120,000 people.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-09): Azerbaijan : Preparing Irrigation and Drainage System Development in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic The project will support rehabilitation and modernization of the irrigation and drainage networks serving about 23,230 ha land in Nakhchovan Autonomous Republic (NAR) of Azerbaijan. The project will also help strengthen institutional capacity of the irrigation system management including support to water user associations. The project will include two indicative outputs: (i) irrigation and drainage infrastructure improved and/or constructed; and (ii) capacity of State Amelioration and Water Managmeent Committee (SAWMC) and water users associations (WUAs) in irrigation and project management improved. [...] State Amelioration & Water Management Committee of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Naxçıvan, exclave and autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, in the southern part of the Transcaucasian plateau. It is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and Turkey to the west. The republic, which is mostly mountainous except for a plain in the west and southwest, lies to the east and north of the middle Aras River, which forms the frontier with Iran and Turkey. [...] The republic, especially the capital city of Naxçıvan (Nakhichevan), has a long history dating back to about 1500 bce. Historically, the Persians, Armenians, Mongols, and Turks competed for the area, but it passed to Russia in 1828, and in 1924 it became an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. Naxçıvan became part of independent Azerbaijan in 1991.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1996-05-31): Article 134. The Status of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic - The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is an autonomous State which forms part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. [...] - The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is an inalienable part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. [...] Heads of local executive power in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic are appointed by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the basis of joint presentations by the Speaker of the Ali Majlis and the Prime Minister of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic.
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-01-01): Chapter VIII Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic Article 134 Status of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic [...] Article 140 Cabinet of Ministers of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic
Claim: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-12): A new report from the Cornell-led Caucasus Heritage Watch (CHW) has compiled decades of high-resolution satellite imagery to document the complete destruction of Armenian cultural heritage in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan beginning in the late 1990s. Moreover, the latest finding of CHW’s heritage monitoring project suggests that the same policy of cultural erasure now threatens Armenian monuments in the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. CHW has recently discovered the destruction of an historic church in Karabakh, one of hundreds of Armenian monuments in territories ceded to Azerbaijan under the terms of a 2020 ceasefire to a war between Azerbaijan and Armenia. [...] Geographically, Nakhchivan is a 2,125-square-mile province sandwiched between Armenia, Turkey and Iran and an exclave of Azerbaijan – which lies further east, on the far side of Armenia. The region had been inhabited for centuries by a multicultural mix of Armenian, Turkic and Persian communities. But increasing ethnic tensions led to the exodus of Armenians from the province over the course of the Soviet period, leaving behind a rich cultural legacy of historic monasteries, churches and ancestral cemeteries.