copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2024-06-24): The Gulf countries have the lowest annual rainfall and the highest evaporation rates globally. The most prominent Gulf nation, Saudi Arabia, is the largest country in the world without rivers or surface water. Among its neighbours, Saudi Arabia has the lowest annual rainfall (below 150 millimetres) and one of the highest evaporation rates in the world (over 95% of surface fresh water availability). At the same time, water consumption in the GCC is among the highest worldwide, with daily per capita water consumption of 100 litres in Oman, 265 litres in Saudi Arabia, 300 litres in the United Arab Emirates, 330 litres in Kuwait, 440 litres in Bahrain and 470 in Qatar. By comparison, Germany’s daily consumption per capita is 115 litres.[1] [...] According to the United Nations, an environmental disaster and a humanitarian crisis for the population living along the coast (including in Saudi Arabia) is just a matter of time as several vital systems and ship generators are no longer active. These threats underline once again the high risk to the GCC’s water supply posed by external factors.
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2015-05-14): Saudi Arabia is an arid desert country without rivers or sweet water lakes, however, it does have vast amount of groundwater and seawater. In order to make these waters suitable for human consumption and industrial use, most of their salts must be removed by some means. The desalination methods most frequently used in the Kingdom are: Multistage flash (MSF) evaporation, reverse osmosis (RO), and electrodialysis (ED).
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2024-04-19): The MENA region has been widely acknowledged as the most water-stressed region in the world. In fact, according to data from 2019, sixteen of the twenty-five most water-stressed countries in the world can be found in this region (with Bahrain ranked as the world’s most water-stressed country). In this context, water stress is defined as the gap between water supply and water demand for each given country, meaning that the most water-stressed nations are utilizing nearly all of their available water supplies, and any fluctuations to water supply with respect to meeting water demand could trigger periods of water shortage. [...] The most important water augmentation innovation that has buffered the countries of the region against limited freshwater supplies and water stress is desalination. Although most MENA coastal nations have active desalination plants, none of the countries in the region are as reliant and dependent on desalination as the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. Nearly half of the world’s freshwater desalination (45 percent) occurs in the Arabian Gulf, with several GCC members sourcing nearly 90 percent of their drinking-water needs from desalination.
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2016-11-14): Yemen’s water crisis is the worst in the Middle East. Yemen is located on a dry, semi-arid portion of the Arabian Peninsula. Yemen has no rivers unlike Syria, Egypt, Iraq and other Middle Eastern nations. The country relies completely on ground water and rain water [#1]. On average, Yemen gets 500 to 800 mm of rain each year in the high lands, 40 to 100 mm of rain in the coastal areas and 50 mm in the desert areas[#2]. The water shortage has gotten worse each year. In 1990, 71% of Yemenis had access to water. In 2004 this figure had decreased to 67%. Generally, urban areas have greater access to water than rural areas. However the decrease of water in urban areas has been more severe [#3]. Water availability in urban areas has gone from 84% in 1990 to 71% in 2004. In rural areas water availability went from 68% to 65% [#4]. Therefore, if this trend continues rural areas will eventually have greater access to water than the urban areas.
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2023-07-06): Flash floods are another major concern. Despite being an extremely arid country, Saudi Arabia is often subject to periodic intense and heavy rainfall. When coupled with the presence of unplanned settlements and the lack of proper rainwater diversion infrastructure in several major cities, this rainfall can lead to flash floods. Flooding is a notable and common occurrence in Saudi Arabia’s mountainous southwestern region and has led to significant loss of life and major property damage over the past several years. Paradoxically, droughts are also a worry. Despite the increase in extreme and episodic heavy rainfall, climate change is predicted to cause a general decrease in national rainfall patterns and an increase in evaporation rates. Climate change forecasts indicate that the country will endure more extensive dry periods, resulting in the rapid depletion of groundwater reservoirs and the worsening of water scarcity for vulnerable and marginalized populations. Saudi Arabia is classified as one of the most water-scarce countries on the planet, with its per capita water demand levels double the global average at 265 liters per day. The country’s growing groundwater consumption has led to a stark decline in national aquifer levels, causing severe land subsidence in some parts of the country. And Saudi Arabia’s water crisis is by no means limited to its national jurisdictions. By 2050, the entire Gulf region could face a 50 percent reduction in water availability per capita, posing significant risks to food security and economic stability, as well as potentially sparking a rise in carbon emissions for Saudi Arabia as the country resorts much more to the energy-intensive desalinization process to meet its water requirements.
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2000-07-17): The Middle East and North Africa (MENA)* is the most water-scarce region of the world. Home to 6.3 percent of the world’s population, the region contains only 1.4 percent of the world’s renewable fresh water. As population pressures in the region increase, the demand for water resources rises. This brief examines the challenges of meeting this demand given scarce water resources. Country strategies to deal with water shortages depend on local conditions, including topography, the extent of water scarcity, available financial resources, and technical and institutional capacity. Overall, developing a mix of strategies that increase supply, manage demand, and reduce long-term pressures on water is urgent more than ever before, as population pressures in the region continue to increase. [...] Water-Scarce Countries in the Middle East and North Africa [...] MENA’s population more than doubled between 1970 and 2001, rising from 173 million people to 386 million people and reducing the average amount of fresh water available per capita by more than half, to 1,640 cubic meters per person per year (see Table 1). But the regional average masks the severity of freshwater scarcity in some countries: Three-quarters of MENA’s available fresh water is located in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. The average amount of renewable fresh water available in Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen is already below 250 cubic meters per person per year.
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2022-12-22): Download Solution PDFAmong countries that do NOT have a single river, flowing within their boundaries, which one is the biggest? [...] Key Points - Saudi Arabia does NOT have a single river, flowing within its boundaries. - Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the world with no rivers at 830,000 square miles.
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2017-10-01): There are no rivers or lakes or areas of abundant natural vegetation because rainfall is scant to non-existent. Over the centuries, through oases and then desalination plants, the Saudi people have found enough water to support their daily lives. But a relatively recent national effort has brought changes to the desert and created much greater demands for water resources. Zooming in on certain areas shows that there are indeed regions of intense greenery that nature did not create. From the sky, the Saudi landscape is checkered with green, showing farm fields made possible by irrigation. Enormous buildings nearby house tens of thousands of milk cows, whose drinking and cooling needs are prodigious. The water to perform these miracles in the desert is pumped from far below the surface, from aquifers filled thousands of years ago, when the climate in Saudi Arabia was much wetter. Water in this most improbable place gave the nation the hope to achieve its long-sought goal of feeding itself rather than importing food from other countries. However, this solution has a limited lifespan and the end is near. Saudi Arabia sits on two pools of liquids – water and oil. The oil, in world-leading volumes, has paid for the enormous cost of pumping the water to the surface for agriculture and the raising of livestock. Oil revenue continues to grow for the time being, but the water supply is rapidly diminishing and the Saudi government has decreed only a few more years will be devoted to growing wheat. The country is now directing its massive wealth towards buying land and growing crops in other, more verdant nations.
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2024-06-10): False. Saudi Arabia is not the only country without permanent rivers. There are several other countries and territories around the world that also lack permanent rivers. Saudi Arabia is indeed a country without permanent rivers. Instead, it has numerous wadis, which are valleys that may contain water temporarily during periods of heavy rain but are generally dry. Examples of such wadis in Saudi Arabia include Wadi Aful, Wadi as Surr, Wadi al-Hamd, Wadi al-Jizl, and many others.More details can be read here [...] The claim that Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world without rivers is incorrect. There are numerous other countries and territories without permanent rivers. While Saudi Arabia does not have any permanent rivers, it shares this characteristic with many other regions across the globe.
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2023-08-13): top ten longest rivers: Nile (Africa) 6,650 km; Amazon (South America) 6,436 km; Yangtze (Asia) 6,300 km; Mississippi-Missouri (North America) 6,275 km; Yenisey-Angara (Asia) 5,539 km; Huang He/Yellow (Asia) 5,464 km; Ob-Irtysh (Asia) 5,410 km; Congo (Africa) 4,700 km; Amur (Asia) 4,444 km; Lena (Asia) 4,400 km note: there are 21 countries without rivers: three in Africa (Comoros, Djibouti, Libya), one in the Americas (Bahamas), eight in Asia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Maldives, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen), three in Europe (Malta, Monaco, Holy See), and six in Oceania (Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu); these countries also do not have natural lakes
Claim: Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-08)
Evidence (2023-12-01): The Kingdom's semi-arid nature exposes it to temperature fluctuations, little annual precipitation, no natural perennial flow, and few groundwater supplies (Chowdhury and Al-Zahrani, 2013). There are no rivers, lakes, or other perennial surface watercourses in Saudi Arabia. Surface water sources and supplies are inadequate in the kingdom because of high rates of evaporation and average annual rainfall of less than 100 mm. The main groundwater aquifers are being drained as a result of
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2024-06-07): The claims that Elon Musk is giving away Bitcoin and Ethereum are fraudulent. These scams use deceptive tactics to trick people into believing they can receive free cryptocurrency. It is essential to verify the legitimacy of such claims and avoid engaging with suspicious websites or groups. Always refer to official channels for accurate information regarding Elon Musk and his businesses.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2021-03-16): Bitcoin: Fake Elon Musk giveaway scam 'cost man £400,000' [...] "There was a link to a new event below, so I clicked on it and saw that he was giving away Bitcoin!" [...] "It also does sound quite plausible that someone like Elon Musk, a big supporter of cryptocurrency, would give away Bitcoin.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2024-06-23): Deepfakes of Elon Musk are pushing crypto giveaway scams on YouTube Live An AI-generated Musk’s voice told viewers in a livestream today to deposit their crypto to a shady website. A YouTube Live broadcast that ran for five hours today used a deepfake of Elon Musk to push a cryptocurrency scam, in the latest of a series of similar bogus streams. The video, which has has since been taken down, showed a clip of Musk that was meant to look like a livestream from a Tesla event, with an AI-generated version of his voice instructing viewers to visit a website and deposit their bitcoin, Ethereum or Dogecoin in order to participate in a giveaway. The message, playing on a loop, promised the system would then "automatically send back double the amount of the cryptocurrency you deposited."
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2018-11-06): Fake Elon Musk Crypto Giveaway Scam Gets 0.4 BTC as Twitter Fails to Vet Advert [...] A verified account with Twitter handle "@patheuk," the official account of a UK-based film studio Pathé UK, began to Tweet out fake Ethereum (ETH) and Bitcoin (BTC) giveaway scams, claiming to be Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk. [...] The post Fake Elon Musk Crypto Giveaway Scam Gets 0.4 BTC as Twitter Fails to Vet Advert appeared first on CCN.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2024-01-13): The "Biggest Crypto Giveaway Of $100,000,000" scam typically begins with websites, social media ads, or posts promoting a cryptocurrency giveaway with an attention-grabbing $100 million jackpot. The ads are intentionally designed to go viral, using clickbait headlines like "Elon Musk is Giving Away $100 MILLION in Bitcoin!" or "Last Chance to Win $100M in Ethereum!". These promotions spread rapidly across platforms like Facebook, TikTok, YouTube, Twitter, and Google to reach as many potential victims as possible. They leverage the names and likenesses of famous tech billionaires like Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg using deepfake technology to falsely claim celebrity endorsement of the fake crypto giveaways. [...] The ads rely on sensationalized clickbait headlines like "Jeff Bezos Giving Away $100 MILLION in Ethereum!" or "Mark Zuckerberg’s $100M Bitcoin Giveaway!" with urgent calls to action. Celebrity deepfake videos lend false credibility. Bots and fake accounts sharing the ads creates artificial hype.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2023-01-31): I received a notification via Twitter that I had been added to Elon Musk’s CryptoCurrency Giveaway list. The scam account that was running this giveaway was named Elon Musk [redacted] with some obscure numbers at the end that I cannot remember. The account also had the same profile picture that the real Elon Musk used, as well. The instructions provided a link to [redacted]. On this website, there was a brief description of how the Tesla marketing team and Elon Musk created an exciting opportunity to further promote cryptocurrency by initiating a giveaway of Bitcoin and Ethereum. On this website, there was also a link to www.medium.com. The rules seemed very simple: you could opt for Bitcoin or Ethereum, and send a minimum amount of either one (0.025 Bitcoin or 0.5 Ethereum), and in turn, would receive double the amount that you sent, within a very short amount of time (minutes). The giveaway was advertised as first come, first serve, and would end after 5,000BTC/100,000ETH was given away. I did some quick investigating and it seemed very legit at the time, with hundreds of comments of fellow people having success and receiving their perspective amounts, with photo evidence.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2018-03-06): The scammers pose as celebrities on Twitter and claim to be giving away crypto-cash such as Bitcoin or Ether to their fans. [...] On Tuesday, an account posing as Elon Musk using the username @elonmuskik tweeted that the entrepreneur was going to "give away" 3,000 Ether, worth about £1.7m. [...] "No, I'm not giving away ETH... y'all are getting nothing," he tweeted.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2024-07-13): A new cryptocurrency scam is exploding across social media, fueled by deepfake videos of Elon Musk and fraudulent websites falsely promising to double your Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin and Tether. This "Tesla Crypto Giveaway Scam" has already swindled millions from unwary investors lured by the potential for effortless profits. But of course, these astronomical returns don’t actually exist. [...] The deepfakes portray Musk delivering a speech or presentation, and are manipulated to show him claiming that to support cryptocurrency adoption, Tesla is giving away millions in Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin, and Tether. [...] On Social Media - Videos focused on Elon Musk and Tesla announcing a major crypto giveaway promotion. For example, a deepfake TikTok video showing Musk proclaiming "BIGGEST CRYPTO GIVEAWAY OF $100,000,000 During this unique event, you have the opportunity to take a share of 1,000 BTC & 10,000 ETH & 100,000,000 DOGE & 10,000,000 USDT. Have a look at the rules and don’t miss out on this. You can only participate once!"
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2023-09-17): Threat actors have created fake cryptocurrency giveaways on social media platforms like Instagram and Twitter for years. These scams pretend to be giveaways from celebrities, cryptocurrency exchanges, and, more commonly, impersonating Elon Musk or SpaceX. [...] These videos are posted hourly and contain a deep fake video of Elon Musk being interviewed on Fox News or other networks, promoting a fake cryptocurrency giveaway. [...] Therefore, it is essential to recognize that almost every crypto giveaway site is a scam, especially those claiming to be from Elon Musk, Tesla, SpaceX, Ark Invest, Gemini, and high-profile exchanges and celebrities that promise massive returns.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2024-03-15): In some cases, the ads include AI-generated deepfake footage of Elon Musk announcing the promotion. The deepfakes portray Musk delivering an exciting pitch about giving away Bitcoin or Dogecoin to commemorate a SpaceX milestone. The production quality of the deepfakes continues to improve, making it hard for many viewers to discern their inauthenticity. [...] SpaceX does not hold any Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other crypto asset giveaways tied to company milestones or Elon Musk tweets. There are also no SpaceX crypto trading services where users can earn astronomical returns on deposits. These are all fraudulent schemes orchestrated without any affiliation to SpaceX. Any promotion you see online related to earning free cryptocurrency, trading crypto, or making huge profits through SpaceX or Elon Musk is 100% fake. SpaceX and Tesla do not authorize or endorse any crypto giveaways, trading services, or investments advertised on YouTube, social media, or other websites.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2024-07-13): In recent times, a cryptocurrency scam has emerged using deepfake videos of Musk promoting fake Bitcoin giveaways. The fraudsters distribute videos via platforms like YouTube, TikTok and Facebook that show Musk informing viewers they can earn free crypto by signing up on shady exchange websites and entering promo codes. [...] In both cases, an AI-generated Musk addresses viewers directly, describing a Bitcoin giveaway opportunity in collaboration with a cryptocurrency platform. He instructs viewers to use a unique promo code (e.g. "MUSK", "TESLACOIN") to claim the free crypto. [...] The elaborate cryptocurrency scam exploiting Elon Musk’s fame to promote fake Bitcoin giveaways raises many questions for the public. This FAQ guide provides answers to help you recognize, avoid and report these fraudulent promotions targeting fans.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2023-07-31): The fake "Elon Musk’s Official Bitcoin & Ethereum Giveaway" websites promote a supposedly exclusive giveaway event where Elon Musk is distributing free BTC or ETH to participants. The sites encourage users to visit a provided website, follow instructions, and double the ammount of crypto that is sent. [...] The ultimate goal of the "Elon Musk’s Official Bitcoin & Ethereum Giveaway" scam is to profit from stealing cryptocurrency and personal information from victims. [...] The "Elon Musk’s Official Bitcoin & Ethereum Giveaway" scam websites prey on unsuspecting cryptocurrency users with promises of free coins. They aim to profit off stealing funds and information from victims lured in by the fraudulent offers.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2022-12-08): Twitter accounts following Elon Musk, Tesla, SpaceX and related accounts are being targeted in a crypto giveaway scam dubbed 'Freedom Giveaway,' BleepingComputer has discovered. [...] The banner appears to be an actual tweet from Elon Musk's official account promising free crypto to "1000 new followers" chosen randomly. [...] In May, an investigation by McAfee and BleepingComputer found fake crypto giveaways had stolen millions from victims by reusing Elon Musk's Ark Invest YouTube videos to lure victims towards fake, scam domains.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2023-09-16): What Is the Elon Musk "Freedom Giveaway" Crypto Scam? The "Freedom Giveaway" is a crypto scam that targets Twitter users. In this scam, cybercriminals add Twitter accounts to a random Twitter list. Most of these accounts could be those who have recently followed Elon Musk or his companies on Twitter, but there may be others who have not. At the top of the Twitter list, scammers add a fake image of a tweet, supposedly by Elon Musk, where he appears to be announcing the "biggest" crypto giveaway. At the end of the fake tweet, scammers direct users to visit a phony giveaway website set up by scammers.
Claim: Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !! (Social Media Users, 2024-06-07)
Evidence (2023-08-17): The Facebook page Elon Musk Official Pager is calling on users to take part in its "biggest" Bitcoin giveaway. [...] The "Elon Musk Bitcoin giveaway" is a scam that has affected thousands of people across the world. [...] According to a Coin Market Cap report, the "Elon Musk" crypto giveaway scam made at least $587,000 from unsuspecting people in 2022. Coin Market Cap is a price tracking website for cryptocurrencies.