copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2020-12-23): The active ingredients in both the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines consist of messenger RNA molecules (mRNA) that encode the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (the coronavirus that causes COVID-19). Once injected into a patient, the modified mRNA enters the muscle cells whereby it is translated into the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein (S). Alone, the viral spike protein (a protein found on the surface of the virus) cannot cause COVID-19 as it is incapable of triggering the multi-step process that leads to the replication (multiplication) and spread of the virus. However, this spike protein can be identified by the immune system as a foreign object and triggers the activation of the immune system. This trigger makes a person better prepared to fight COVID-19 when exposure to the actual virus occurs. [...] The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine consists of a frozen suspension of nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) and the following inactive ingredients: [...] The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is manufactured and transported as frozen vials of white to off-white sterile and preservative-free suspension kept frozen at -80°C to -60°C. Before use, each vial is is resuspended/diluted with 1.8 mL of sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. The solution obtained corresponds to 5 vaccine doses of 0.3 mL each and can be stored at 2°C to 25°C for up to 6 hours. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly as two 0.3 mL (30 ug) injections separated by 21 days.
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2021-02-19): Two COVID-19 vaccine candidates, one from Pfizer-BioNTech and the other from Moderna, have received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration. For the first time outside of clinical trial environment, vaccinations began in the United States in mid-December. Ingredients in the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Both vaccines use gene-based technology, relying on synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA).1 In each, a synthetic strand of mRNA created for these vaccines was designed to emulate the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA strand that specifically codes for the production of the coronavirus-specific spike protein. Once inside of the cell, our own ribosomes translate the synthetic mRNA into the spike protein. That protein is then recognized as foreign, and our immune systems create antibodies. [...] Table 1: Ingredients of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccine
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2021-09-10): The first time mRNA has been used as a vaccine platform was initially established by the Weissman group to develop a zika virus vaccine (Pardi et al., 2017). Pfizer-BioNTech developed BNT162b1 and BNT162b2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. BNT162b1 is a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD encoding modified messenger RNA (mRNA) incorporating 1-methyl-pseudourine, which dampens innate immune sensing to induce mRNA translation. The RBD antigen is modified by the addition of a T4 fibritin-derived "foldon" trimerization domain to increase its immunogenicity by multivalent display (Mulligan et al., 2020). The other candidate, BNT162b2, encodes the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with two proline changes that lock it in the prefusion conformation and make it more closely mimic the intact virus to elicit prominent virus-neutralizing antibodies. Apart from mRNA (30 μg), the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine includes lipids and cholesterol, potassium chloride, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate, and sucrose. Storage is -70°C to -80°C; later, as an alternative, -25°C to -15°C was advised for 2 weeks (Polack et al., 2020). The European Medicines Agency (EMA) as a National Regulatory Authority (NRA) approved it, and later it was approved by WHO after evaluating the data on clinical trials (www.pfizer.com).
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2021-01-11): There are two COVID-19 messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines currently authorized for emergent use in the United States: the Pfizer-BioNTech and the Moderna vaccines. Conventional vaccines rely on weakened and inactivated pathogens or a fragment of the pathogen to trigger an immune response. In contrast, the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines use a new approach by which mRNA is delivered into our cells to provide the genetic instructions for our own cells to "temporarily" make a "specific" viral protein (the coronavirus spike protein) that triggers an immune response. [...] The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is made of the following ingredients: [...] - mRNA – Like the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine, Moderna’s also uses mRNA technology to build antibodies against COVID-19.
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2020-12-09): - Active Ingredient - nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) encoding the viral spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 - Lipids - (4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis (ALC-3015) [...] The Pfizer vaccine, like one from Moderna, uses lipid nanoparticles to encase the RNA. The nanoparticles are, basically, tiny greasy spheres that protect the mRNA and help it slide inside cells. [...] The Pfizer vaccine contains four salts, one of which is ordinary table salt. Together, these salts are better known as phosphate-buffered saline, or PBS, a very common ingredient that keeps the pH, or acidity, of the vaccine close to that of a person’s body. You’ll understand how important that is if you’ve ever squeezed lemon juice on a cut. Substances with the wrong acidity can injure cells or get quickly degraded.
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2024-08-08): COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 encodes a mutant viral spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, with two point mutations inserted to lock S in an antigenically preferred prefusion conformation (P2 S). It is formulated as an RNA-lipid nanoparticle of nucleosidemodified mRNA containing N1-methylpseudouridine instead of uridine. Encapsulation into lipid nanoparticles enables transfection of the mRNA into host cells after intramuscular injection. During mixing of the RNA and the dissolved lipids, the lipids form the nanoparticles encapsulating the RNA. After injection, the lipid nanoparticles are taken up by the cells, and the RNA is released into the cytosol. In the cytosol, the RNA is translated into the encoded viral protein. The viral spike (S) protein antigen induces an adaptive immune response through neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, as the expressed spike (S) protein is being degraded intracellularly, the resulting peptides can be presented at the cell surface, triggering a specific T cell-mediated immune response with activity against the virus and infected cells. [...] The active substance of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 is N1-methylpseudouridine instead of uridine containing mRNA expressing full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with two proline mutations (P2 S) to lock the transmembrane protein in an antigenically optimal prefusion conformation. The vaccine is formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The LNP is composed of 4 lipids: ALC-0315, ALC-0159, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline (DSPC), and cholesterol. Of the four lipids used as excipients in the LNP formulation, two are naturally occurring (cholesterol and DSPC) and will be metabolised and excreted like their endogenous counterparts.
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2023-10-06): Covid-19 vaccination has been a big topic and we were curious on the role of excipients in such formulations. Not surprisingly both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna (source FDA) have quite similar compositions: Active Ingredient, Lipids and a saline solution. Lipid (oil) "bubbles" are tiny bubbles of lipid (oil) surround and protect the mRNA so cells in your body can pick it up both vaccines have Cholesterol as part of the composition. The Saline (salt) solutions are also different. Pfizer-BioNTech uses a common type of saline called phosphate buffer solution, or PBS. Moderna uses a tris buffer which aims to make the pH level of the vaccine close to that of our bodies. (Kerry McGee, MD) Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty®) ingredients (Source FDA) mRNA (nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) encoding the viral spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2)
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2022-02-10): The virus-related particles are the only truly new ingredients of vaccines, having been developed after the beginning of the pandemic. For Pfizer and Moderna, this consists of an mRNA strand encoding the viral spike protein of COVID-19. The mRNA used is based off the original variant of SARS-CoV-2; if newer vaccines are released that target later variants of the coronavirus, such as Omicron, this can be done by using a newer sequence of mRNA. The mRNA vaccines do not cause any genetic changes to our cells, because mRNA only stays in the cytosol of the cells and does not interfere with DNA in the cell nucleus. Like the mRNA vaccines, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine provides a genetic template to cells for producing the spike protein of the coronavirus, using a modified adenovirus-26 (ad26) vector virus that carries a piece of DNA. Because the mRNA and DNA are specific to COVID-19, these ingredients have been developed since the start of the pandemic. Similar mRNA vaccines using the same LPN technology have been studied since 2016, and an Ebola viral vector vaccine using ad26 was in development also as early as 2016.
Claim: The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine contains mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, lipids, sucrose, and salts. (Facebook users, 2020-12-10)
Evidence (2020-12-12): Experts say the ingredients in the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and German partner BioNTech, which was authorized Friday by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, looks pretty standard for a vaccine. [...] Active ingredient - 30 mcg of a nucleosidemodified messenger RNA (modRNA) encoding the viral spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. [...] The only active ingredient in the vaccine is the messenger RNA encoding the viral spike of SARS-CoV-2. That describes the modified mRNA that contains the code for cells to make the spike protein specific to the virus that will help create antibodies to attack it.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2024-05-31): Toothpaste ingredients generally contain at least a few basic components. These include a mild abrasive, which helps remove debris and surface stains; humectants, which reduce water loss that would otherwise cause toothpaste to dry out; and detergent, which helps clean teeth and is responsible for toothpaste foam. Toothpaste is generally safe when used as directed. However, it’s not meant to be eaten. Ingesting large quantities of toothpaste can cause stomach upset, although long-term repercussions are unlikely.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2022-01-20): A post shared on Facebook over 380 times claims the colored marks on tubes of toothpaste indicate the materials used in the paste. The colored bars on the tubes do not signify what ingredients are in the toothpaste. They are for sensors to help with proper sealing and artwork placement during manufacturing, according to spokespeople for toothpaste producers. The image shows three tubes of toothpaste each with small, colored bars at the end of the tube. In the image, the colored bars are circled. "The secrets of the colors in #toothpaste," the caption reads. "These colors are not for decoration, but the materials that were used to produce this paste." The caption then suggests what each color bar means, with green allegedly indicating "100%" natural ingredients and black supposedly meaning chemicals are present.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2020-09-16): According to Snopes, a widely-shared image on social media alleges that the colors on the seams of toothpaste tubes correlate to certain types of ingredients. The picture shows four different colored markings, with green meaning natural, blue indicating natural and medicine, red meaning natural and chemical composition, and black signifying pure chemical. This "decoding" isn't based in truth, however. The markings on toothpaste packaging have nothing to do with the ingredients inside the tube—and even if they did, classifications like natural and chemical are too vague to mean anything. The real reason the colors are there is to aid the machinery responsible for putting the packaging together. The tiny colored rectangles are actually called eye marks or color marks, and they tell light beam sensors where a tube needs to be cut or folded. Once the toothpaste reaches the store, the markings no longer serve a purpose. If you do want to know more about the ingredients in your toothpaste, it's not as hard as deciphering a mysterious code. "Oral care companies don’t mark their toothpastes with colored squares to try to trick consumers and hide ingredients from them," Colgate writes on its website. "If you want to know what kind of ingredients your toothpaste has, don’t look for a colored block at the end of the tube. Instead, take a look at the packaging for a comprehensive list of ingredients."
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2021-08-09): That colored block on each tube of toothpaste has generated all kinds of myths. Here's the real explanation! [...] What about the colorful blocks at the end of a tube of toothpaste? There’s a reason those squares exist! And no, it doesn’t have to do with ingredients. [...] Many people believe the color blocks denote the kinds of ingredients in each tube of toothpaste. We also see this kind of thinking when it comes to colors on the bottom of potato chip bags.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2024-07-16): When shopping for toothpaste, you might notice different color codes at the bottom of each tube. These color blocks are often a mystery to many people. Some believe they indicate the safety of the toothpaste, while others think they represent specific ingredients or health claims. At Meticulous Smile, a leading dental clinic in Leslieville, Toronto, we believe in providing accurate information to our patients. In this blog, we'll demystify toothpaste color codes and explain what they really mean, along with other key factors to consider when choosing a toothpaste for your dental hygiene needs. [...] The idea that toothpaste color codes represent specific information about the product is a common misconception. Some believe that these color codes indicate whether the toothpaste is made from natural ingredients, contains harmful chemicals, or is designed for specific dental purposes. However, these interpretations are incorrect. [...] These color codes do not provide any information about the toothpaste's ingredients, safety, or benefits. They are purely for industrial use, guiding machines in the production line. Therefore, you should not base your toothpaste choice on these color codes.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2022-06-03): The internet is home to lots useful and valuable information. However, it is also highly susceptible to false information. These widely spread, fabricated misinformation have been dubbed as "Fake News" One hoax that has surfaced has to do with the colorful markings you see on the bottoms of toothpaste tubes. Referred to as the toothpaste color code, social media posts and internet articles about the subject insist that the colors on a toothpaste tube reveal what the ingredients in the toothpaste actually are. As much as we love cracking secret codes, this one actually has nothing to crack because it’s entirely untrue. These markings have nothing to do with the ingredients in your toothpaste. As it turns out, they mean something else entirely. Several websites and social media posts claim that the squares you see on the bottom of your tube of toothpaste are actually part of a color code that tells you the ingredients in the toothpaste. According to the posts, green marks mean the toothpaste is made from only natural ingredients, blue marks mean it contains a mix of natural ingredients and medication, red marks means it contains both natural ingredients and chemical ingredients, and black marks means it contains only chemical ingredients. The posts warn people against toothpastes with red or black marks and encourage people to choose toothpastes with green or blue marks instead.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2022-01-01): FALSE: The colour-codes on a toothpaste tube do not indicate what ingredients the toothpaste contains [...] A Facebook post claiming that the colour codes at the bottom of a toothpaste tube indicate the type of ingredients the toothpaste contains, is FALSE. [...] Moreover, the reason toothpaste tubes contain colour-blocks, according to the explainer, is to actually help in the manufacturing of the toothpaste tubes by telling light sensors where the end of the tube is so that it can be cut and sealed correctly.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2024-07-06): Mumbai, July 6: A viral claim circulating on social media suggests that the coloured marks at the bottom of toothpaste tubes indicate whether the ingredients are natural or chemical-based. According to the claim, black signifies pure chemicals, red denotes a mix of natural and chemical ingredients, blue indicates a blend of natural substances with medicinal properties, and green suggests purely natural ingredients. However, this assertion is misleading and lacks factual basis. [...] Pacmac, a company specialising in tube filling machines, clarified that these marks help machines detect the tube's end, ensuring precise packaging and printing alignment. Different colours signify various sensors or stages in the packaging process and are not related to the toothpaste's ingredients. Furthermore, toothpaste ingredient information crucial for consumers is typically found on the product packaging itself or on the tube. Govt To Provide Free Solar Stoves to All Women With 10-Year Guarantee Under 'Free Cooking Stove Scheme'? PIB Fact Check Fake News. Basic components such as abrasives for cleaning, humectants for texture, fluoride for dental protection, and flavouring agents are standard across all toothpaste varieties. Despite claims suggesting colour-coded insights into ingredient purity, no toothpaste brands in India or elsewhere can claim to be entirely natural, as confirmed by the Department of Consumer Affairs. In conclusion, the notion that toothpaste tube colour codes provide insights into ingredient composition is erroneous. Consumers should rely on printed ingredient lists and regulatory guidelines for accurate information about the products they use. Misinterpretations like these underscore the importance of verifying information before sharing it widely on social media platforms.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2024-02-13): Rumour has it that toothpaste color code means blue means the toothpaste composition is natural in combination with medicines, green means completely natural. [...] The toothpaste colour-coding system simply doesn’t exist. The colour on the bottom of your toothpaste means absolutely nothing about the ingredients, and you shouldn’t use it to help you decide on a toothpaste. [...] The colored squares on the tubes have no relationship with the content of the toothpaste. They are known as ‘color marks’ or ‘eye marks’, which are articles of the manufacturing process.
Claim: Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients (Social media users, 2024-05-31)
Evidence (2020-11-18): According to several websites and social media posts, the claim is that the little squares you see on the bottom of a tube of a toothpaste are some sort of toothpaste colour code, revealing the nature of the materials within. The post claims that a green mark means the toothpaste is all natural, a blue mark means it contains a mix of natural ingredients and medicine, a red mark means it contains natural ingredients and chemical ingredients, and a black mark means it contains all chemical ingredients. The posts warn people away from using toothpastes with black or red marks and encourage people to pick toothpastes with green or blue ones. [...] The bigger issue with the colour code hoax is that it's not accurate information. Companies don't mark their toothpaste tubes with little coloured squares in an attempt to pull the wool over consumers' eyes. In fact, as Snopes points out, the reason for the marks has to do with how toothpaste tubes are made. The marks help light sensors detect the end of the tube, so that the machines used to prepare the tubes knows where to cut or seal them. [...] If a blue or green box on the end of a toothpaste tube isn't going to reveal its contents, how can you know what you're about to brush your teeth with? Fortunately, there are easy ways to find out the ingredients in toothpaste. The information is usually printed on the packaging, either on the tube itself or on the box it came in.