copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Hainan is a southern province in the People's Republic of China. It is considered the smallest province in the country, and it is made up of different islands in the South China Sea. The largest island is called Hainan Island, and it is responsible for more than 97 percent of the landmass included in the province. The entire province itself is approximately 13,100 square miles, and Hainan Island measures more than 12,700 square miles. The rest of the province is made up of different islands and archipelagos scattered throughout the South China Sea. For many years, the region was considered to be a part of the Guangdong Province, but it was separated from Guangdong in 1988. It has been estimated that approximately ten million people live in Hainan, with the overwhelming majority of them living on Hainan Island. There are indigenous peoples that have lived on the island for thousands of years, and they speak of variety of Hlai languages. The Hlai are recognized as a major ethnic group by the Chinese government, but the majority of people who live in Haian today are Han Chinese, who speak a variety of Chinese languages. They include Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, and Hakka Chinese.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-24): Once linked by land to mainland China in its geological past, Hainan Province was long ago inhabited by the local Li people. With signs of inhabitation going back to about 6000 BCE, eventually Hainan became a part of the Chinese empire, with a Han dynasty garrison established there in ca. 100 BCE. Like all of China’s provinces and major cities, and despite being an island province, Hainan was severely affected by the ravages of Mao’s Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s. Now a popular destination for holiday makers, complete with beaches and world-class golf courses, the island province of Hainan is also home to China’s most advanced space launch vehicle programs. Hainan also serves administratively over China’s (heavily contested) claims in the South China Sea, the so-called "nine-dash line" that covers some two million square kilometers. In addition to economic data, this chapter includes Hainan populations over time, as well as an up-to-date naming of China’s claims in the South China Sea and their western equivalents. [...] Hainan Province Bureau of Statistics (HPBS). 2021. [The seventh national census communiqué of Hainan Province]. 海南省第七次全国人口普查公报(第二号), 13 May. http://stats.hainan.gov.cn/tjj/ywdt/xwfb/202105/t20210512_2977770.html. [...] Croddy, E. (2022). Hainan (Island) Province.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-05-31): HAINAN ISLAND, CHINA—Approaching Hainan by water, my first sight is high-rises, spiking into the sky, backed in the distance by jade-forested mountains. As my ship snugs into port, I spot a gaggle of fishing boats, their rigging aflutter with little red Chinese flags, some bleached pink by the South China Sea sun. [...] I’m here in Hainan, China’s southernmost province—and largest island—to see if it lives up to its reputation as "China’s Hawaii." Last year, 33 million tourists visited Hainan, but only about half a million were from outside the country. And of that number, nearly half were Russian. In fact, as I spot Russian lettering on signs throughout Sanya, I begin to think it may be more appropriately dubbed "Russia’s Riviera." [...] June 1: Hainan Island, China
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Hainan, sheng (province) in southern China. Its name means "south of the sea." The main land territory of the province is coextensive with Hainan Island and a handful of nearby offshore islands located in the South China Sea and separated from the Leizhou Peninsula of southern Guangdong province to the north by the shallow and narrow Hainan Strait (Qiongzhou Haixia). The west coast of Hainan Island is some 200 miles (320 km) east of northern Vietnam, across the Gulf of Tonkin. [...] Hainan is the southernmost province of China and is also the smallest in terms of land area. For centuries Hainan was part of Guangdong province, but in 1988 this resource-rich tropical region became a separate province. The capital is Haikou, on Hainan Island’s northern coast. Area (excluding disputed island areas) 13,200 square miles (34,300 square km). Pop. (2020) 10,081,232. Hainan Island was geologically connected with the southern Chinese mainland until a rift through the Hainan Strait opened sometime during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (about 23 to 2.6 million years ago). The island is approximately oval in shape and measures about 160 miles (260 km) from east to west and 130 miles (210 km) from north to south at its widest point. The land rises abruptly in the southwestern interior of the island, reaching an elevation of 6,125 feet (1,867 metres) above sea level at Mount Wuzhi. Immediately to the northwest of the Wuzhi massif is the Limu Range, with several peaks above 4,600 feet (1,400 metres).
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-12-31): Hainan (Chinese: 海南; pinyin: Hǎinán ▶) is the smallest province of the People's Republic of China, located off the southern coast of the country. It consists of several islands, the largest of which is also called Hainan Island (Hainan Dao). When speaking of "Hainan" in Chinese, it is usually the main Hainan Island that is referred to. The province is closest in proximity to Guangxi autonomous region and Guangdong province to the north, and the port cities of Hong Kong and Macau to the northeast. Hainan island was called the Pearl Cliffs (珠崖 Zhūyá), Fine Jade Cliffs (瓊崖 Qióngyá), and the Fine Jade Land (瓊州 Qióngzhōu). The latter two gave rise to the province's abbreviation, Qióng (琼 in Simplified Chinese), referring to the greenery cover on the island. The People's Republic of China government claims Hainan's territories to extend to the southern Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands and other disputed marine territories. In addition, Hainan is also known as the largest Special Economic Zone laid out by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping after the economic reforms of the late 1970s. [...] Hainan, separated by the Qiongzhou Strait (瓊州海峽) from the Leizhou Peninsula (雷州半島) of Guangdong, is the largest island administered by the People's Republic of China. The PRC however, regard it as the second largest island, since Taiwan is considered the largest. To the west of Hainan is the Gulf of Tonkin. Wuzhi Mountain, at an elevation of 1,876m, is the highest point on the island.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Hainan , or Hai-nan, Province and island of China. Area: (excluding disputed island areas) 13,200 sq mi (34,300 sq km). Population: (2020) 10,081,232. Capital: Haikou. The province, which also includes several small islands near Hainan Island, is located in the South China Sea, separated from Guangdong province by a narrow strait. China claims as part of the province three island groups (qundao)—the Paracel (Xisha) and Spratly (Nansha) islands and Macclesfield Bank (Zhongsha)—in the South China Sea, but these are also claimed by other countries, and there is no international recognition of sovereignty for any group of them. For centuries part of Guangdong, Hainan became a separate province in 1988, the southernmost province of China and the smallest. It was under Chinese rule from the 2nd century bce but was not closely controlled until the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce). Chinese began settling the island in the 16th–17th centuries, gradually forcing the indigenous peoples into the interior. Hainan was occupied by the Japanese in 1939–45, after which it reverted back to China. The island, designated a special economic zone after becoming a province, has since then experienced considerable economic growth. [...] Below is the article summary. For the full article, see Hainan.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Hainan was formally incorporated into the Chinese empire in 110 bce, when the Han government established two prefectures, Zhuya and Dan’er, on the island. However, the indigenous Li peoples staged constant rebellions, and the Chinese withdrew in the 1st century bce. Although the island remained nominally under Chinese sovereignty, effective government was not reintroduced until the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce). Even then, the island remained firmly in the hands of the indigenous peoples, and the coastal settlements established by the Chinese became a dreaded place of banishment for those who had lost favour at court on the mainland. [...] In 1906 the Chinese Republican leader Sun Yat-sen proposed that Hainan again become a separate province, and for a short time (1912–21), it was nominally independent under the name Qiongya Island. The Japanese occupied Hainan (1939–45) during the Sino-Japanese War and began developing the island’s economic potential. The production of rubber and other tropical goods was expanded, and Hainan’s mineral wealth was exploited. Roads and short railway lines were built to extract iron ore in the southwest, bauxite in the south, and alluvial tin from along the northern coast. Hainan reverted to Chinese Nationalist control in 1945 and was one of the last places to be taken by the communists.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-05): Hainan is China’s smallest and southernmost province. Slightly bigger than Belgium, the province has an area of 33,920 square kilometers, and is made up of two hundred islands scattered among three archipelagos off China’s southern coast. At 32,900 square kilometers, Hainan Island comprises 97% of Hainan Province’s land mass. Hainan is situated in the South China Sea, separated from Guangdong’s Leizhou Peninsula to the north by the thin Qiongzhou or Hainan Strait. The west coast of Hainan Island is about 320 km east of Vietnam, across the Gulf of Tonkin. Haikou is Hainan Island’s capital. Historically, Hainan was part of Guangdong province, but became a separate province in 1988. China asserts that Hainan’s territory includes the Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands, and other disputed marine territory. China’s assertions are contested by Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam in the case of the former, and Taiwan and Vietnam in the case of the latter. There is no definitive international recognition of sovereignty for either archipelago.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-01): Hainan has been a province in the southern People's Republic of China since 1988, consisting of various islands. Previously, the now southernmost province of the People's Republic was an administrative part of Guangdong Province (Canton). The largest of the islands is also called Hainan. [...] While the island used to be an exile for disgraced Chinese officials and later mainly attracted backpackers, Hainan has gained increasing renown in recent years and is now perhaps the most famous tourist paradise in the People's Republic. Particularly Sanya in the south of the island is becoming increasingly popular as a vacation destination. The Sanya region entices with its finest sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters. In recent years, significant investments have been made in tourism infrastructure, resulting in many new hotels across all star categories. Additionally, several golf courses have been developed in recent years. [...] Haikou is the capital of Hainan Province and is located in the north of the island. In recent years, Haikou has developed into a modern industrial city that attracts many people from other Chinese provinces. However, traces of old China can still be seen in the old town.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-01): Hainan is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China. The name "Hainan" also refers to Hainan Island, the main island of the province. The capital of the province is Haikou. Hainan is known for its tropical climate.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Hainan (海南; Hái-nâm in Hainanese, Hǎinán in Mandarin) is an island province of China, famous for its tropical beaches. It has a thriving tourist industry and is being heavily promoted as "China's Hawaii". Understand [edit]Hainan is China's southernmost province, south of Guangdong province and across the Gulf of Tonkin from Vietnam. "Hainan" literally means "South of the Ocean". [...] For much of its history, Hainan was considered a backwater and used as a place of exile for failed officials. It was administered by the Qing Dynasty and Republic of China as a prefecture of Guangdong Province. It became a separate province in 1988, making it China's smallest province, and the only island province administered by the PRC. The entire island has been declared a Special Economic Zone.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-15): But Hainan, China’s southernmost province, is also a strategically important island. And just like Hawaii, it is also home to key military bases. [...] Home to 10 million people, Hainan is about 20 times the size of O’ahu, the most populated island in Hawaii and home to Pearl Harbor. Hainan’s economy is among the smallest of all Chinese regions and provinces, with its GDP ranking only above far-flung Ningxia, Qinghai and Tibet. Agriculture contributes the most to its economy.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-03): Sanya County, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-20): China grants 144-hour visa-free entry to foreigners visiting Hainan in tour groups via HK, Macao
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-17): Provinces: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang. [...] Hainan became a separate province in 1988. It was previously part of Guangdong Province. Chongqing became a separate municipality in 1997. It was previously part of Sichuan.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2000-12-25): On Dec.24, 2000, Assistant Foreign Minister Wang Yi, head of Chinese delegation for China-Vietnam governmental boundary negotiations, and Mr. Le Cong Phung, Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam and head of Vietnamese delegation for China-Vietnam governmental boundary negotiations, initialed in Beijing the Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea, Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf of the Two Countries in Beibu Bay and the Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on Fishery Cooperation in Beibu Bay. The Beibu Bay is a semi-enclosed sea surrounded by land territories of China and Vietnam and China's Hainan Island. The negotiations between China and Vietnam on the delimitation of the Beibu Bay have been going on for years. Fishermen of the two countries have enjoyed traditional cooperative relations in the Beibu Bay. The fishery arrangement is a important component of the delimitation of the Beibu Bay.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Fleeing the Manchurian conquest of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Ming loyalists under Zheng Cheng-gong, or Koxinga, drive out the Dutch from Taiwan and establish authority over the island. [...] Oct. 25 sees the Battle of Kuningtou on Kinmen, in which the ROC armed forces defeat the CCP on the northwestern coast of the island. [...] Aug. 23 sees the start of an artillery duel between the ROC garrison on Kinmen and Chinese forces that lasts more than 40 days.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-07): In 2021 the government added a new court in Haikou. National data is unavailable for 2021, but local courts have released some information that suggest a nearly 10 percent increase in liquidation and bankruptcy cases in Jiangxi province and about a 66 percent increase in Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong province. While PRC authorities are taking steps to address corporate debt and are gradually allowing some companies to fail, companies generally avoid pursing bankruptcy because of the potential for local government interference and fear of losing control over the outcome. According to the SPC, 2.899 million enterprises closed business in 2020, of which only 0.1 percent or 3,908 closed because of bankruptcy. [...] In 2013, the State Council announced the Shanghai pilot FTZ to provide open and high-standard trade and investment services to foreign companies. China gradually scaled up its FTZ pilot program to a total of 20 FTZs and one Free Trade Port (FTP), which are in all or parts of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan (FTZ and FTP), Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang provinces; Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Tianjin municipalities. The goal of China’s FTZs/FTP is to provide a trial ground for trade and investment liberalization measures and to introduce service sector reforms, especially in financial services, that China expects to eventually introduce in other parts of the domestic economy. The FTZs promise foreign investors "national treatment" investment in industries and sectors not listed on China’s negative lists.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): The Battle of Hainan Island (simplified Chinese: 海南岛战役; traditional Chinese: 海南島戰役) occurred in 1950, during the final phase of the Chinese Civil War. The People's Republic of China (PRC) conducted an amphibious assault on Hainan Island on 16 April, assisted by the Hainan communist movement which controlled much of the island's interior, while the Republic of China (ROC) controlled the coast; their forces were concentrated in the north near Haikou and were forced to retreat south after the landings. The communists secured Hainan's southern cities by the end of the month and declared victory on 1 May. [...] The civil war intensified after the end of the Second World War in 1945. On Hainan, the ROC left Hlai territory and reestablished themselves along the coast.[14] The Hainan communists used access to Hlai territory to grow within the ROC blockade.[6][15] Maintaining communications with the mainland CCP remained difficult. CCP orders to abandon the island in 1946 were rejected by the Hainan communists,[15] who spent the years following the Japanese withdrawal building popular support.[16]
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-28): Select up to 5 territories [...] From 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2024, encouraged enterprises registered in the Hainan Free Trade Port with operational substance in the Hainan Free Trade Port are eligible for a reduced CIT rate of 15%.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-02): Address: No. 43 Huajiu Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong [...] 1469 Huai Hai Zhong Road (Near Wulumuqi Nan Lu) [...] Tel: +86 (27) 8563 2800 Fax: +86 (27) 5949 6496 E-mail:USConsulateWuhan@state.gov
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-08): The Republic of China (ROC) proclaims that the Nansha Islands (Spratly Islands, 南沙群島), Xisha Islands (Paracel Islands, 西沙群島), Zhongsha Islands (Macclesfield Bank, 中沙群島), and Dongsha Islands, as well as their surrounding waters, are an "inherent part of ROC territory and waters." The ROC argues that its rights over these territories are based on history, geography, and international law. Its historical claims in the South China Sea date back to 1947, when Chiang Kai-shek (蔣中正) drew a U-shaped, "eleven-dash line" (十一段線) on a map around the territory in the South China Sea that he claimed as encompassing ROC territory. After coming to power in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) changed the "eleven-dash line" to a "nine-dash line" (九段線), though neither concepts are considered legal terminology. Therein lies Taiwan’s dilemma: changing the ROC’s historical claims would indicate—especially to Beijing—that the island democracy was abandoning its historical political identity and moving towards an inherently Taiwanese national identity, or even independence.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-31): Hainan is a provincial administrative region at the southernmost end of the People’s Republic of China. To the north, it is bounded by the Qiongzhou Strait and Guangdong Province and to the west, it faces the Beibu Gulf and faces Vietnam. To the east, it faces the South China Sea and Taiwan Province. To the southeast and south, it faces the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and other countries in the South China Sea. As an island surrounded by the sea on all sides, it is a typical island economy. The unique geographical location makes it difficult to carry out smuggling activities, which gives Hainan an advantageous location and conditions to build an FTP (Meng, 2023). [...] Hainan is in the middle of China and southeast Asia, two major active economic belts, and is an important hub of the maritime Silk Road of ‘the Belt and Road’ initiative (Yu, 2024). Backed by the Chinese mainland market, with unique geographical advantages, it is a natural offshore environment in which to carry out cross-border trade and promote international economic and trade cooperation.
Claim: Heixiazi is a territory of People's Republic of China (Heixiazi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island (Russian: Большо́й Уссури́йский о́стров, romanized: Bol'shoy Ussuriyskiy Ostrov), or Heixiazi Island (simplified Chinese: 黑瞎子岛; traditional Chinese: 黑瞎子島; pinyin: Hēixiāzi Dǎo; lit. 'black bear island'[a]), is a sedimentary island at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers. Since the Sino-Russian Border Agreement that was fully implemented in 2008, Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island was divided between China and Russia. China was given control over part of the island, and Russia retained the rest. Since then, the issue has been peacefully settled, and China no longer claims the entire island. It has an area of about 327 to 350 km2 and is bounded closely by Yinlong/Tarabarov Island, and over 90 islets.[b] Its position at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri, and right next to the major Russian city of Khabarovsk, has given it great strategic importance. [...] The Government of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taipei has never recognized the sovereignty of the PRC government in Beijing. Therefore, the ROC still formally claims all parts of the Heixiazi Islands, as it does not consider border treaties signed by the PRC with other countries to be valid.[citation needed] [...] - ^ "黑瞎子岛解放军透过望远镜发现普京放生的东北虎"乌斯京" (The People's Liberation Army of Heixiazi Island discovered the Siberian tiger "Ustin" released by Putin through binoculars)". Archived from the original on 2020-07-22. Retrieved 2020-07-22.