copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Kazakhstan, landlocked country of Central Asia. It is bounded on the northwest and north by Russia, on the east by China, and on the south by Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, the Aral Sea, and Turkmenistan; the Caspian Sea bounds Kazakhstan to the southwest. Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia and the ninth largest in the world. Between its most distant points, Kazakhstan measures about 1,820 miles (2,930 kilometres) east to west and 960 miles north to south. While Kazakhstan was not considered by authorities in the former Soviet Union to be a part of Central Asia, it does have physical and cultural geographic characteristics similar to those of the other Central Asian countries. The capital is Astana (formerly Nur-Sultan, Aqmola, and Tselinograd), in the north-central part of the country. Kazakhstan, formerly a constituent (union) republic of the U.S.S.R., declared independence on December 16, 1991. [...] Kazakhstan’s east and southeast possess extensive watercourses: most of the country’s 7,000 streams form part of the inland drainage systems of the Aral and Caspian seas and Lakes Balkhash and Tengiz. The major exceptions are the great Irtysh, Ishim (Esil), and Tobol rivers, which run northwest from the highlands in the southeast and, crossing Russia, ultimately drain into Arctic waters. In the west the major stream, the Ural (Kazakh: Zhayyq) River, flows into the Caspian Sea. In the south the waters of the once-mighty Syr Darya have, since the late 1970s, scarcely reached the Aral Sea at all.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-04-27): Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] [...] - Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) Template:Coord. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] - Maly Zhemchuzhny. More a sandbank than a proper island.[7]
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-07-31): Kazakhstan is located in the west-central region of Central Asia, where it covers a total area of 1,052,100 square miles. Of this area, only 1.7% is covered by bodies of water. Although Kazakhstan has a coastline along the Caspian and Aral Seas, it is considered a landlocked country due to its lack of access to an open ocean. This fact makes Kazakhstan the largest landlocked country in the world by area. Kazakhstan also has a population size of over 17.98 million. The majority of these individuals identify as ethnic Kazakhs. [...] Kyrgyzstan - 1,179 km (733 Miles) The border between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan runs along a line of 753 miles, which is located in the southeastern region of Kazakhstan. Both of these countries share a common history as former autonomous republics of the Soviet Union. The two nations gained their independence in the early 1990’s and have largely upheld the previously established border. Large sections of this boundary are marked by mountains, primarily the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-12): The Turgen branch of the Ile-Alatau state national nature Park is a doubly significant place from the point of view of tourism. After all, here is one of the most beautiful landscapes in all of Kazakhstan. Moreover, the beauty of the canyons and Issyk Turgen appreciated in his time and the ancient people who made them his dwelling place and leave their Golden footprints. Not far from Almaty, a grandiose complex "Saki mounds" was once found – 45 earthen pyramids, stretching for three kilometers and resembling the same great ones in the Egyptian Giza. Here in 1969, under one of the mounds, Issyk, Kazakh archaeologists discovered the remains of a Saka warrior in Golden robes, whose appearance is familiar to everyone – the Golden man, Altyn Adam. [...] According to the website of the Issyk reserve-Museum, it was "created in 2010 on the initiative of the Head of state N. A. Nazarbayev as part of the strategic national project "Cultural heritage" on the territory of the Issyk necropolis, in one of the mounds of which the undisturbed burial of the Saka Prince was discovered in 1970. In 2013, the territory of the protected area of the reserve-Museum was approved – 422.7 hectares. It includes more than 80 Saka burial mounds in Issyk and the ancient Saxon settlements of Rahat and Ority".
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-12-12): Land boundaries total: 13,364 km border countries (5): China 1765 km, Kyrgyzstan 1212 km, Russia 7644 km, Turkmenistan 413 km, Uzbekistan 2330 km [...] Әлемдік деректер кітабы, негізгі ақпараттың таптырмайтын көзі. (Kazakh) [...] Disputes - international in January 2019, the Kyrgyz Republic ratified the demarcation agreement of the Kazakh-Kyrgyz border; the demarcation of the Kazakh-Uzbek borders is ongoing; the ongoing demarcation with Russia began in 2007; demarcation with China completed in 2002
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-22): The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev as president of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the start of the USSR’s collapse—but not the collapse itself. While the USSR ceased to exist as a legal entity after 1991, the collapse of the USSR is still happening today. The two Chechen Wars, Russia’s invasion of Georgia in 2008, Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, the on-and-off border skirmishes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the 2020 Second Karabakh War between Armenia and Azerbaijan are just a few examples showing that the Soviet Union is still collapsing today. [...] After the dissolution of the Russian Federation, the United States should pursue a set of achievable goals that narrowly focus on the American national interest. Specifically, the US will need to: [...] 6. What does the US need to do to coordinate an international or regional response to resolving existing border disputes between the Russian Federation and some of its neighbors? These include the disputed islands of Ukatnyy, Zhestky, and Maly Zhemchuzhny in the Caspian Sea,6 the Estonian-Russian de facto border,7 the status of the Northern Territories,8 and possibly the Karelian Question.9 These might seem small issues to Western policymakers located thousands of miles away, but each has the potential to become a regional problem that could have global implications.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): List of territorial disputes [...] See also [edit]- Demilitarized zone - Dependent territory - Frozen conflict - List of administrative divisions by country - List of border conflicts - List of countries and territories by land and maritime borders - List of internal boundary disputes in the Philippines - List of sovereign states - Lists of active separatist movements - Neutral territory - Territorial claims in the Arctic - Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf [...] - ^ "КАСПИЙСКИЙ САММИТ НЕ СОСТОЯЛСЯ". Retrieved 5 October 2014.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-06-27): Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following:
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-11): S'inclouen també en aquest annex aquells territoris que, havent estat dividits, les parts no es reconeixen mútuament o aquells que pertanyent a un Estat busquen establir-se com a Estats sobirans de ple dret o s'han constituït ja de fet. S'enumeren també territoris que romanen sota ocupació militar d'un altre Estat, àrees arrendades i disputes territorials dormides o congelades. [...] - ↑ La National Geographic Society en treballs recents ha inclòs un reclam etíop, més tard eliminat per manca de fonts. El World Factbook confirma que Etiòpia no reclama el territori - ↑ «SWAZILAND: Land claim falls on deaf SA ears». IRIN, 16-06-2003. [Consulta: 7 març 2012]. [...] - ↑ «КАСПИЙСКИЙ САММИТ НЕ СОСТОЯЛСЯ». [Consulta: 5 octubre 2014].
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-17): - the islands of wikt:Ukatny, wikt:Zhestky and the disputed 'island' of wikt:Malozhemchuzny: wikt:Russia and wikt:Kazakhstan - wikt:Vozrozhdeniya Island (now a wikt:peninsula): wikt:Kazakhstan and wikt:Uzbekistan - wikt:Wake Island: wikt:United States and wikt:Marshall Islands[2] [...] युरोप में [संपादित करें]- wikt:Akrotiri wikt:Sovereign Base Area (part of): wikt:United Kingdom and wikt:Cyprus - wikt:Barents Sea boundary dispute: wikt:Russia and wikt:Norway - wikt:Baltic Sea boundary dispute near wikt:Bornholm: wikt:Poland and wikt:Denmark - wikt:David Gareja monastery complex boundary dispute: Georgia and wikt:Azerbaijan - some areas by the wikt:Danube, parts of wikt:Osijek and wikt:Sombor districts: wikt:Croatia and wikt:Serbia - Eastern coast of Narva river and Pechory region: wikt:Russia and wikt:Estonia - wikt:Dhekelia wikt:Sovereign Base Area (part of): wikt:United Kingdom, wikt:Cyprus and possibly the wikt:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - wikt:Eastern Anatolia: wikt:Turkey and wikt:Armenia - Ems estuary and wikt:Dollart Bay (western part): wikt:Netherlands and wikt:Germany (settled in 1960s)
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-03-07): - ^ أ ب ت ث Relinquished by the People's Republic of China but still claimed by the Republic of China. [...] - ^ "SWAZILAND: Land claim falls on deaf SA ears". IRIN. June 16, 2003. Retrieved March 7, 2012. [...] - ^ Even official Chinese maps award these islands to North Korea, such as the provincial map on p. 41 in the 2005 Chinese atlas "Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Jiaotong Dituji" ISBN 7-80104-652-8, (www.starmap.com.cn)
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-13): Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following: - Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) 45°54′N 49°24′E / 45.900°N 49.400°E. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan’s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-26): Donbas is predominantly Russian-speaking and after Russia seized Crimea in 2014, its proxy forces captured more than a third of Ukraine's east in a war that never came to an end. [...] As Russia's failure to capture Kyiv became clear, it switched attention to "achieving the main goal - the liberation of Donbas". [...] "This is a big territory to control, and I think we shouldn't underestimate the geographical complexities of this," says Tracey German, professor in conflict and security at King's College London.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): KURSK, Russia—More than six weeks into Kyiv’s military incursion into the Kursk region of Russia, Ukrainian soldiers are still delighting in the triangle of white tape fixed to the hundreds of vehicles crossing the border into Russian territory. [...] There was no sign of Ukrainian withdrawal, or preparation for a withdrawal, as we traveled. Most of the traffic marked with white triangles was heading in one direction, right across that border into Russian territory. Kyiv hopes that its military gambit in the region will help it turn the tide in the war, which has been marked more by drone-haunted trench warfare than blitzkriegs. [...] But some of the other strategic goals have been less successful. Zelensky was hoping that this operation would also expedite the decision to allow Ukraine to strike deep into Russian territory using Western-supplied cruise missiles. While the White House has refused to change its position on this, Ukraine’s growing domestic long-range capabilities have been causing increasing damage to Russia’s back line in recent weeks, further embarrassing the Kremlin.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-08): Territories of the former Russian Empire that permanently or temporarily became independent: [...] In late 1945, Soviet Russia annexed the northern border strip of the Masurian District (current southern border strip of Kaliningrad Oblast) with the towns of Gierdawy (now Zheleznodorozhny) and Iławka (now Bagrationovsk) from Poland and expelled the already formed local Polish administration.[21] [...] Meanwhile, territories were removed from the Russian SFSR, including Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in 1924, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in 1936, and Karelo-Finland from 1945 to 1956. The Crimean oblast and city of Sevastopol were transferred to Ukraine on 19 February 1954 (later annexed by the Russian Federation in 2014).
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-11-29): At the same time, no one says that Moscow intends to expand the imperial territory of the Russian Federation. The issue here is not only business. In the 21st century, new lands are conquered with the help of economic tools. That is why Ukraine has every chance of turning into the 88th territory of the Russian Federation."
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-28): Ukraine launched an offensive in Russia’s Kursk region on August 6 in its most significant attack across their border since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine began in February 2022.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-25): This decree, "On the Territories of the Russian Federation Historically Inhabited by Ukrainians," cites the regions of Krasnodar, Rostov, Belgorod, Bryansk, Voronezh and Kursk, all neighboring Ukraine. It does not claim any Russian territory. It does, however, accuse Moscow of having committed and continuing to commit in these regions actions that "systematically destroyed national identity, oppressed Ukrainians and violated their rights and freedoms." Ukraine plans to research, publicize and protect their history, as well as identify and investigate crimes committed against Ukrainians living or having lived there, according to the decree, which denounces the forced Russification, political repression and deportation of Ukrainians. [...] The Russian authorities were angered by the decree. The former president and current vice president of the Russian Security Council, Dmitry Medvedev, said there was "nothing to comment on" because "Ukrainians are Russians and Little Russia is part of Russia. It’s time for the leading 'Ukrainian' to resign, as he will soon annex Canada." Roman Starovoyt, governor of the Kursk region, said, "Zelensky's actions today prove once again that our president is right to launch a special military operation. Ukraine is a puppet of the forces that want to destroy Russia and confiscate its historic lands."
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-29): Yekaterinburg, the fourth-largest city in the country. [...] Kaliningrad forms the westernmost part of Russia, having no land connection to the rest of the country. It is bounded by Poland, Lithuania, and the Baltic Sea. Crimea, a peninsula on the Black Sea, is claimed and de facto administered by the Russian Federation since Russia annexed it in March 2014. It is recognized as a territory of Ukraine by most of the international community.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Russia, which now controls just under a fifth of Ukrainian territory, has been advancing towards Toretsk since August. [...] Donbas, which covers the Luhansk and Donetsk regions, has since become the war's main theatre where some of biggest battles in Europe for generations have taken place. [...] Ukrainian media reported this weekend that six North Korean military officers were killed in a Ukrainian missile attack on Russian-occupied territory near Donetsk on October 3.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): On February 24, 2022, Russian troops from Crimea invaded Henichesk and Skadovsk Raions. During the first days of the offensive, the Russians surrounded most of the cities and towns in the oblast, blocking the entrances to them with roadblocks, but not entering the cities themselves. Significant battles were fought for the Antonivskyi Bridge, which crosses the Dnipro River between Russian positions on the South bank and the Ukrainian city of Kherson on the North bank. The Russian military's overwhelming firepower forced the Ukrainian forces to retreat, and the city fell to Russian control on March 2.[58] On June 29, the Russian occupation authorities in Kherson Oblast announced preparations for holding a referendum of annexation.[59] On July 9, the Ukrainian government announced preparations for an imminent counteroffensive in the South, and urged the residents of occupied parts of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts to shelter or evacuate to minimize civilian casualties in the operation.[60] Following the destruction of the Antonivskyi Bridge and the advance of Ukrainian troops from the west, the lack of sustainable supply lines amid heavy Ukrainian shelling compelled the Russian forces to retreat. [...] - ^ a b "Zelenskiy: Russia occupies over 20% of Ukraine's territory". Reuters. 2 June 2022.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): On 30 September 2022, Russia, amid an ongoing invasion of Ukraine, unilaterally declared its annexation of areas in and around four Ukrainian oblasts—Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia. Most of Luhansk Oblast and part of Donetsk Oblast had been controlled by pro-Russian separatists since 2014, while the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts were invaded by Russia in 2022. The boundaries of the areas to be annexed and their borders were not defined; Russian officials stated that they would be defined later. None of the oblasts were fully under Russian control at the time of the declaration, nor since. If limited to the areas then under Russian control (about 90,000 km2 or 15% of Ukraine's territory, roughly the size of Portugal) the annexation would still be the largest in Europe since World War II.[5] [...] Even Mr Peskov was unable to define where Russia would draw its new borders in occupied southern Ukraine. However, he said Russia would treat all of the Donetsk region as part of Russia. As for those parts not under occupation, he said those would have to be "liberated". [...] - ^ "Ukraine's Zelenskiy rules out talks if Russia holds referendums". Reuters. 7 August 2022. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-24): The 21 republics are: Adygeya (Maykop), Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashiya (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Ingushetiya (Magas), Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik), Kalmykiya (Elista), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk), Kareliya (Petrozavodsk), Khakasiya (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordoviya (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk), Tatarstan (Kazan'), Tyva (Kyzyl), Udmurtiya (Izhevsk); [...] Autonomous oblast: Yevreyskaya [Jewish] (Birobidzhan)
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-22): Roman Starovoit, governor of Russia’s Kursk region on the border with Ukraine, linked Zelensky's decree to Western "forces that want to destroy Russia and take away its historical lands." "Zelensky’s actions today prove once again that our president is right to launch a special military operation," Starovoit wrote, referring to Russia’s nearly two-year invasion of Ukraine. [...] Besides the decree, Zelensky also announced Monday that he had submitted a bill to Ukraine's parliament that would allow dual citizenship for ethnic Ukrainians and their descendants abroad.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-24): In fact, the territory of contemporary Ukraine "used to belong to several empires or states, so some versions of Ukrainian identity do not even have anything to do with Russia at all," said Eugene Finkel, an associate professor with Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies who studies Eastern Europe. [...] Resistance to Polish domination came from the Cossacks, a group with historically opaque ethnic origins. In 1654, they allied with Russia to establish a territory under their control, called a Hetmanate; it was an early form of what would become Ukraine, and it included Ukraine’s modern-day capital, Kyiv. Mapmakers of that time labeled Cossack areas as Ukraine. [...] Ukrainians shared a sense of victimhood at the hands of both the Soviet Union and Russia, Herron said. Key events include the famine (or Holodomor) under Stalin that killed perhaps 4 million or more Ukrainians, as well as the 1986 nuclear disaster in Chernobyl (or, to the Ukrainians, Chornobyl), which occurred about 60 miles north of Kyiv.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-22): Ukrainian troops launched a surprise attack across the border in early August, advancing up to 18 miles (30km) into the Russian region of Kursk. [...] After two weeks, Ukraine's top commander claimed to control more than 1,200 sq km of Russian territory and 93 villages. The regions of Kursk and Belgorod have both declared a state of emergency. [...] At the beginning of May 2024, Russian forces crossed the international border to the north of Ukraine's second-biggest city, Kharkiv. Several villages were seized and thousands of civilians fled.
Claim: Zhestky is a territory of Russia (Zhestky, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-30): By annexing the eastern regions as well as Zaporizhzhia and Kherson in the south he will be able to send newly mobilised troops to a front line that Moscow says is more than 1,000km (620 miles) long. But he can also threaten the West if it continues to arm Ukraine with missiles used against what he has labelled Russian territory. [...] That is not yet clear. Even Mr Peskov was unable to define where Russia would draw its new borders in occupied southern Ukraine. However, he said Russia would treat all of the Donetsk region as part of Russia. As for those parts not under occupation, he said those would have to be "liberated". [...] Before the February invasion, Russia recognised the entirety of the two eastern regions as independent "people's republics" and now Moscow will define them as Russian territory. Vladimir Putin did the same with the two southern regions, ahead of his ceremony in the ornate St George's Hall in the Grand Kremlin Palace.