copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-30): India said on Tuesday that it had lodged a "strong protest" with China a day after Beijing released the 2023 edition of its standard map showing Aksai Chin — an area of Kashmir mostly controlled by China — and the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh within Chinese territory. [...] China claims that India occupies some 90,000 square kilometers of its territory in India's northeast, including Arunachal Pradesh, which it views as southern Tibet. But New Delhi, which controls Arunachal Pradesh, insists it is part of India. In April, China issued a statement declaring that it had "standardized" the names of 11 places in the region, also called "Zangnan" by China. India rejected the Chinese claim and MEA's Bagchi asserted: "Arunachal Pradesh is, has been, and will always be an integral part of India."
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-12-16): China’s claims initially extended only to Tawang, a part of Arunachal Pradesh, where the sixth Dalai Lama was said to have been born. Since the 2000s, however, China has been claiming Arunachal Pradesh in its entirety, a surprising claim given that independent India has been exercising sovereignty over it since 1955 (it became a union territory in 1972 and a state in 1987). It is worth noting that China’s stance is directly motivated by its desire to put a lid on Tibetan nationalism (which it believes is fueled by support from India). Arunachal Pradesh is also strategically located at the confluence of the international borders of the PRC, Myanmar and Bhutan, giving it strategic importance. This extension of territorial claims and increasing aggression indicate a concerted strategy of widening the PRC’s ambit of influence and control, consistent with its stance on the East and South China Sea disputes. Beijing’s border disputes with India thus represent a wider strategic shift in its thinking, far removed from Deng Xiaoping’s "keep your head down" policy, through which it seeks to revive its ancient glory as the Middle Kingdom.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-22): In the desolate and inhospitable Himalayas, China is constructing and expanding hundreds of "xiaokang" (小康) villages along its hotly disputed border with India.1 These villages, often accompanied by military and dual-use infrastructure, are an important "gray zone" tool enabling China to assert and defend its claims near disputed areas. Commercial satellite images provide a glimpse into China’s activities and show that China is making rapid and significant progress on these border villages despite the harsh environment. In July 2017, the government of China’s Tibet Autonomous Region announced plans to construct hundreds of border villages and accompanying infrastructure as part of a major push to develop China’s remote border regions. Between 2018 and 2022, the region reportedly built 624 villages, and work has continued on additional villages. Many of these are clustered along the eastern sector of the Line of Actual Control (LAC), the de facto border separating China and India. The eastern sector borders Arunachal Pradesh, a state administered by India but largely claimed by China as "South Tibet" (藏南). [...] China is not alone in developing infrastructure along the border. Alarmed by China’s border buildup, India also launched its own program to build villages in Arunachal Pradesh and other border states. However, China has demonstrated an enormous capacity to develop these regions, and India will find it challenging to keep pace with China.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-04): India has rejected Chinese attempts to rename places in what New Delhi regards as its eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh, which Beijing claims as part of its territory. [...] The statement included a map that showed the 11 places renamed by China as being within "Zangnan", or southern Tibet in Chinese, with Arunachal Pradesh included in southern Tibet and China’s border with India demarcated as just north of the Brahmaputra river. [...] "We have seen such reports. This is not the first time China has made such an attempt," Indian foreign ministry spokesperson Arindam Bagchi said on Twitter. "Arunachal Pradesh is, has been and will always be an integral and inalienable part of India."
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-21): China also claims the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, where the tunnel was constructed, as its own, even as the area has long functioned as Indian territory. [...] "We require the Indian side to cease any action that may complicate the boundary question … the Chinese military remains highly vigilant and will resolutely defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity," a Defense Ministry spokesperson said last week, using the Chinese name "Zangnan" or South Tibet to refer to Arunachal Pradesh. [...] Modi on Friday also traveled to Bhutan for a trip "aimed at further cementing the India-Bhutan partnership," he wrote on social media platform X. The remote Himalayan country bordering Arunachal Pradesh too has a contested border with China, and New Delhi has been wary of a potential settlement between leaders there and in China over that dispute.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-21): China slammed the United States for interfering in its border dispute with India, after Washington said it recognized the disputed Arunachal Pradesh as a part of Indian territory. [...] China, which refers to the territory as Zangnan, claims Arunachal Pradesh is part of southern Tibet. India rejects those claims, stating Arunachal Pradesh has always been a part of India. [...] China on Thursday reiterated its claims over Arunachal Pradesh, saying: "Zangnan has always been China's territory, a basic fact that is undeniable."
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-04): Arunachal Pradesh: India rejects China's attempt to rename disputed places [...] China continues to stake claim on the whole of Arunachal Pradesh, calling it "South Tibet". [...] "Arunachal Pradesh is an integral, inalienable part of India. And attempts to assign invented names will not alter this reality," he added.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-29): "Zangnan has been China's territory since ancient times. This is an undeniable fact," Col. Wu Qian, China's Defense Ministry spokesperson, said of the region the Indian government calls the state of Arunachal Pradesh. [...] The ongoing dispute between China and India over Arunachal Pradesh has historical roots, with the two countries having engaged in a brief, bloody conflict in the 1960s over the territory. [...] "The United States recognizes Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory, and we strongly oppose any unilateral attempts to advance territorial claims by incursions or encroachments, military or civilian, across the Line of Actual Control," Vedant Patel, a U.S. State Department spokesperson, said last week.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-31): China asserts claim to Indian-held Arunachal Pradesh in latest list of place names - Beijing has never accepted India’s control of the border region, which it calls Zangnan - New Delhi dismissed China’s claims to the area as ‘absurd’ after Beijing protested about a recent visit by India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi [...] On Saturday the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs published the country’s latest set of "standardised" names for places in Arunachal Pradesh, which China calls Zangnan, and says is part of the Tibetan autonomous region. [...] China and India have never agreed on their border demarcation and since a short but bloody war over the issue in 1962 they have been divided by the 3,200km (1,990-mile) Line of Actual Control – although they have not even been able to agree on where that lies.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-25): China on March 25 continued to claim that Arunachal Pradesh is part of its territory, notwithstanding India dismissing Beijing’s claim as "absurd" and "ludicrous". [...] Zangnan, China’s official name for Arunachal Pradesh, was always part of China before it was "illegally occupied" by India, Lin claimed. [...] China's Defence Minister has also claimed that Arunachal Pradesh was part of Chinese territory, a claim dismissed by the Ministry of External Affairs last week.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Arunachal Pradesh (/ərʊˌnɑːtʃəl prəˈdeɪʃ/;[19] lit. 'Dawn-Lit Mountain Province')[20] is a state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and largest town. It borders the Indian states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east, and a disputed 1,129 km border with China's Tibet Autonomous Region in the north at the McMahon Line.[21] Arunachal Pradesh is claimed by China as South Tibet as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region;[22][23] China occupied some regions of Arunachal Pradesh in 1962 but later withdrew its forces.[24][25] [...] Recent claims [edit]The 14th Dalai Lama did not originally recognise India's sovereignty over Arunachal Pradesh. As late as 2003, he said that "Arunachal Pradesh was actually part of Tibet".[64] In January 2007, the Dalai Lama said that both Britain and Tibet had recognised the McMahon Line in 1914. In 2008, he said that Arunachal Pradesh was a part of India under the agreement signed by Tibetan and British representatives.[65] According to the Dalai Lama, "In 1962 during the India-China war, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) occupied all these areas (Arunachal Pradesh) but they announced a unilateral ceasefire and withdrew, accepting the current international boundary".[66]
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-11): Arunachal Pradesh is located in northeast India that shares its international borders with Tibet, Myanmar and Bhutan. It occupies 32,269 sq miles and its capital is Itanagar. The name is attributed to its location as the easternmost state of India. The state is blessed with lush green forests and deep river valleys. Almost every major river valley is home to a different tribe, with a wealth of fascinating cultures and people. [...] The history of Arunachal Pradesh began from the time of Kalika Purana and Mahabharata. The aboriginals of Arunachal Pradesh migrated from Tibet. There are practically no records relating to the earlier history of this place except some oral literature and some historical ruins found mainly in the foot hills dating from the early Christian era. Until 1972, Arunachal Pradesh was administered as the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA). In 1972, it was constituted as a Union Territory of India and renamed Arunachal Pradesh. On 20th February in 1987, it became the 24th state of the Indian Union. [...] Arunachal Pradesh is the largest state in the northeast. The state stretches from the snow-capped eastern Himalayan Mountains range, at an altitude of 6,000 meters, to the plains of the Brahmaputra River valley. Arunachal Pradesh is surrounded by Bhutan, China and Burma. Assam lies to its south. The major rivers that flow through the state are Kameng river, Subansiri, Siang (later Brahmaputra River in Assam), Lohit River and Tirap. The climate varies with elevation.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-15): Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972.[14] Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished.[15] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu.[16] [...] Union territories [edit]Former states and union territories [edit]Former states [edit]Former union territories [edit]Responsibilities and authorities [edit]The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any state between the Union and that state.[62] [...] - ^ "Nagaland History & Geography-Source". Government of India. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-02-20): Arunachal Pradesh became an Indian State today: Some interesting facts about the 'Land of the Dawn-Lit Mountains' Arunachal Pradesh, the 'Land of the dawn-lit mountains', became an Indian state 30 years ago, on February 20, 1987. Arunachal Pradesh was established as a state in India on February 20, 1987. Arunachal Pradesh was initially a Union Territory which was carved out of Assam. Arunachal Pradesh was known as the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) during British India and the Republic of India until 1972. Prime Minister Narendra Modi greeted Arunachal Pradesh on its statehood day today.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): After Indian Independence from British Rule in 1947, the Northeastern region of British India consisted of Assam and the princely states of Tripura Kingdom and Manipur Kingdom. Subsequently, Manipur and Tripura were made Union Territories of India in 1956 and in 1972 attained fully-fledged statehood. Later, Nagaland attained statehood in 1963, Meghalaya in 1972. Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became full-fledged states on 20 February 1987, being carved out of the large territory of Assam.[34] Sikkim was integrated as the eighth North Eastern Council state in 2002.[21] [...] [edit]Arunachal Pradesh, a state in the Northeastern tip of India, is claimed by China as South Tibet.[45] Sino-Indian relations degraded, resulting in the Sino-Indian War of 1962. The cause of the escalation into war is still disputed by both Chinese and Indian sources. During the war in 1962, the PRC (China) captured much of the NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency) created by India in 1954. But on 21 November 1962, China declared a unilateral ceasefire, and withdrew its troops 20 kilometres (12 mi) behind the McMahon Line. China returned Indian prisoners of war in 1963.[46] [...] - ^ a b "Arunachal Pradesh". Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Arunachal Pradesh is a constituent unit of the Republic of India, and, as such, the structure of its government, like that of most Indian states, is defined by the national constitution of 1950. The governor, appointed by India’s president, is head of state and is aided by an elected chief minister, a Council of Ministers, and a unicameral Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha). [...] Arunachal Pradesh has an array of notable cultural institutions, which together underscore the state’s religious and cultural diversity. The state museum, which houses an ethnographic collection consisting of local archaeological finds, musical instruments, weavings, carvings, and other examples of material culture, is located in the capital, Itanagar. Also in Itanagar are the governor’s residence and a picturesque Buddhist temple, each crowning one of the city’s two prominent peaks. A Christian revival church and temples dedicated to the Hindu deities of Kali and Shiva are located in nearby Naharlagun. Bomdila, in the snow-clad Himalayan ranges of the state’s western segment, has many Buddhist monasteries and hermitages, while Tawang, in the far-northwestern extremity of Arunachal Pradesh, is famous for its 17th-century Mahayana Buddhist monastery with gold-lettered Buddhist scriptures. Parasuramkund, on the Lohit River in the state’s eastern region, is a place of Hindu pilgrimage where sins can be washed away in the local waters. Malinithan, in central Arunachal Pradesh, is an archaeological site and also a place of great sanctity.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-22): The US has said it recognizes Arunachal Pradesh as part of India and "strongly opposes" any unilateral attempts to advance territorial claims in the northeastern Indian state that shares a poorly demarcated border with China. [...] Recently, China’s publication of new maps claiming territories like Arunachal Pradesh and the Aksai Chin plateau, which India asserts as its own, has reignited border tensions. India has formally protested these claims, with Indian external affairs minister S Jaishankar dismissing the significance of such unilateral territorial assertions by China. [...] In fact, last year, the US Senate introduced a bipartisan resolution reaffirming the state of Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory while positing that China’s claim over Arunachal Pradesh is part of its "increasingly aggressive and expansionist policies".
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Arunachal Pradesh, State, extreme northeastern India. Area: 32,333 sq mi (83,743 sq km). Population: (2011) 1,382,611. Capital: Itanagar. It is bordered by Bhutan, the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, Myanmar, and Nagaland and Assam states. Known under the British Indian government as the North East Frontier Agency, the region became Arunachal Pradesh union territory in 1972 and was granted statehood in 1987. The border between China and India there is disputed, as China does not recognize the McMahon Line as the boundary between it and Arunachal Pradesh. The state incorporates major ranges of the Himalaya foothills and has a rugged terrain. The population consists of many ethnic groups who speak dialects of the Tibeto-Burman languages.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Arunachal Pradesh is primarily a hilly tract nestled in the foothills of the Himalayas in northeast India. It is spread over an area of 83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi).[3] 98% of the geographical area is land out of which 80% is forest cover;[1] 2% is water.[4] River systems in the region, including those from the higher Himalayas and Patkoi and Arakan Ranges, eventually drain into the Brahmaputra River.[5] [...] Area and borders [edit]Arunachal Pradesh is located in northeast India, bordering Bhutan, Tibet (China) and Myanmar internationally.[12] The border with Bhutan is 160 km (99 mi), the China border is 1,080 km (670 mi), and the Myanmar border is 440 km (270 mi).[12] Internal borders includes the Assam-Arunachal Pradesh border 804.1 km (499.6 mi),[13] while the border with Nagaland is 55 km (34 mi). [...] - ^ "Arunachal Pradesh Geography". mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Named as the â€˜Land of the Dawn-lit-Mountainsâ€™ and one of the Seven Sisters of the Eastern states of India, Arunachal Pradesh is the farthest state of India and the first Indian soil to kiss the warmth of the rising sun. Nestled on the tip of the northeast border of India with its borders touching China, Bhutan, and Myanmar, this meadow of greenery is endowed with dazzling assortment of flora and fauna, which includes more than 500 rare species of Orchids in its dense jungles, and breathtaking landscape that never seizes to make the visitors spell bound and lure them to visit this magical land again and again. [...] Arunachal Pradesh is the least populated state of India with a population of 15.5 lakhs (1.55 million) currently. Aunachal Pradesh is covered with forests by one-third of habitat area within the Himalayan biodiversity and covering a total area of 83, 743 sq. km and ranks 14h largest in India.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-11): ARUNACHAL PRADESH Arunachal Pradesh, "Dawn's Province," is the most northeasterly and most sparsely populated state in India, containing just over 1 million people. Carved out of Assam, it is nearly 84,000 square miles (about 217,500 sq. km); it borders Assam and has an international border with Bhutan, China, and Myanmar. The state is mountainous, with the Himalayas along its northern border, and mountain ranges running north-south, creating five river valleys: the Kameng, Subansiri, Lohit, Tirap, and the Siang, containing the mightiest river. With the heaviest rainfall in India, the state is hot and humid, with temperatures as high as 107 degrees Fahrenheit (42°C) in the summer in the valleys but considerably cooler in the higher altitudes. [...] Under India's Constitution, adopted 26 January 1950, the area remained autonomous under district councils. In 1954 the area became the North-East Frontier Area under the governor of Assam. In 1962 China invaded India through the state, and New Delhi realized how vulnerable it was to attack from the north. Accordingly, India absorbed Arunachal as a union territory on 20 January 1972, and it was renamed Arunachal Pradesh. An elected legislative assembly was constituted, and the first general election was held on 3 January 1980. On 20 February 1987 it became the twenty-fourth state of the Indian union. Divided into sixteen districts, the capital is Itanagar.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): In 1912–13 the British Indian government made agreements with the indigenous peoples of the Himalayas of northeastern India to set up the Balipara frontier tract in the west, the Sadiya frontier tract in the east, and the Abor and Mishmi hills and the Tirap frontier tract in the south. Together those tracts became the North East Frontier Agency, which is now Arunachal Pradesh. The northern boundary of the territory (now of the state) determined at that time became known as the McMahon Line; it is about 550 miles (885 km) long and has been a lasting point of contention between India and China.
Claim: Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India (Arunachal Pradesh, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-19): Arunachal Pradesh is a state in India bordered with China. The country that owns this region is disputed. China says that they own it and call it South Tibet[2] (Zangnan 藏南). In 2017, China started renaming places in this territory.[2] In 2019 China destroyed 30,000 "incorrect" world maps that showed South Tibet as part of India.[3][4] [...] As of 2001, there were 1,091,117 people living in Arunachal Pradesh. The total area is 32,333 mi² (83,743 km²). [...] State symbols of Arunachal Pradesh [change | change source]-