copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Gegharkunik province is a territory of Armenia (Gegharkunik province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-20): On September 13th Azerbaijan launched a large-scale attack using artillery, heavy weapons and drones against targets located on the territory of Armenia proper. In total the Azerbaijani military targeted up to 23 locations in Armenia’s Syunik, Gegharkunik, and Vayots Dzor provinces which are located south of the country and border Azerbaijan. During the recent strike Azerbaijan hit and damaged not only military targets but also residential areas in the Armenian cities such as Goris and Kapan and local villages: Sotk, Artanish, Jermuk, Kut and others. The fighting ceased on September 14th when the warring sides brokered and upheld a ceasefire. [...] Apparently, Baku’s success in the 2020 war in Nagorno-Karabakh had convinced it that military solutions were more effective than diplomatic ones. Thus, Azerbaijan has used the failed negotiations with Armenia over the transport link as grounds to pressure Yerevan for concessions via force. In May 2021 the Azerbaijani military made a first serious incursion into territory of Armenia proper, in Syunik and Gegharkunik provinces. To date, there have been several clashes and other armed incidents in the southern portion of the Armenian-Azerbaijani border, as well as on Armenia-Nakhchivan border and in Nagorno-Karabakh. The September clashes however were the most serious armed incident between Armenia and Azerbaijan since the 2020 Karabakh war and experts were speculating whether Azerbaijan is gearing towards a bigger offensive in southern Armenia or just trying to pressure Yerevan.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-07): Karki (Azerbaijani: Kərki) or Tigranashen (Armenian: Տիգրանաշեն) is a village that is de jure an enclave and exclave of Azerbaijan, de facto under the control of Armenia, administered within the Ararat Municipality of the Ararat Province. The main highway connecting northern Armenia with southern Armenia passes right by the village. Today the village is mostly inhabited by Armenians, both locals and refugees from Azerbaijan.[2] [...] Since May 1992, following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Karki has been controlled by Armenia, which governs the 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi) territory as part of its Ararat Province.[8] [...] Demographics [edit]According to the 1910 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, Karki (Кярки) had a predominantly Tatar[a] population of 244 in 1908.[13] This number increased slightly to 245 in 1911.[14]
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): The issue of exclaves/enclaves is another border-related issue; there is an exclave called Artsvashen which is formally part of Soviet-era Armenia but controlled by and situated entirely within the current Republic of Azerbaijan; likewise, there are 4 Azerbaijani exclave villages of Karki, Yukhari Askipara, Barxudarlı and Sofulu that were formally part of Soviet-era Azerbaijan but are controlled by and situated entirely within the current Republic of Armenia.[87] [...] Nikolay Bordyuzha, the former longtime secretary general of the CSTO said "the issue is Armenian territory, the ownership of which is not under question," adding that "the entire international community sees this territory as the sovereign territory of Armenia. According to its own documents, the CSTO is obliged to react in the case of an incursion by the armed forces of another state."[387][156] Neil Hauer, a journalist specializing in the Caucasus points out that Azerbaijan's September 2022 invasion of Armenia occurred only a few days after Russia's forces experienced military setbacks in Ukraine's Kharkiv region and the "CSTO was exposed as a paper tiger."[223] [...] The blockade [of Nagorno-Karabakh/Artsakh] is, therefore, not an isolated act but one occurring in the context of a war...that Azerbaijan unilaterally began in September 2020 and that has as its aim the takeover of historic Armenian lands in the Republic of Artsakh and in the Republic of Armenia along with the forced displacement ("ethnic cleansing") of the Armenian populations in Azeri-acquired territory.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-08): In a question-and-answer session at a June 2 appearance with Moldova’s Armenian community, Pashinyan was asked about Karki. That is one of the vexatious bits of territory, a relic of idiosyncratic Soviet border-drawing practices, that are effectively islands of de jure Azerbaijani territory inside Armenia, or vice versa. These exclaves are one of several tricky issues that Armenia and Azerbaijan are trying to resolve in ongoing negotiations to comprehensively resolve their decades-long conflict. [...] Karki and several other villages in similar conditions emerged as contentious issues even before the end of the 2020 war. In initial media reports about the November 10 ceasefire statement that ended that war, the agreement contained language stipulating the "return to the Azerbaijani side the territory held by the Armenian side in the Gazakh region of the Azerbaijani republic." In the document that was formally published, however, that line had been deleted. (Two of the Azerbaijani exclaves that were surrounded by the Armenian SSR are part of Gazakh region. Karki, the third, is near Nakhchivan. There are also several bits of territory contiguous with Azerbaijan that Armenia sliced off during the first war in the 1990s. There was one Armenian exclave inside the Azerbaijani SSR, Artsvashen.)
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-01): This is also where an old Soviet rail line, abandoned for a generation, is set to run once again, perhaps bringing trade and new economic opportunities with it. [...] Dilapidated and nearly abandoned, it still hosts daily trains from Yerevan and provides much of the local employment. [...] Like Yeraskh, most of the village is unremarkable with two exceptions: the de facto annexed Azerbaijani enclave of Karki (Tigranashen in Armenian) on its outskirts, and the Russian helicopter that was downed here by Azerbaijani forces on November 9, just hours before the cease-fire ended the war.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-02-22): Karki (Azerbaijani: Kərki; Armenian: Տիգրանաշեն, romanized: Tigranashen) is a village that is de jure an exclave of the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, de facto under the control of Armenia, administrated as part of its Ararat Province. The village has been renamed Tigranashen (Armenian: Տիգրանաշեն) by the Armenian government after the ancient king Tigranes the Great, under whose reign the Kingdom of Armenia attained its greatest power.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-07-16): Karki (Azerbaijani: Kərki) or Tigranashen (Armenian: Տիգրանաշեն) is a village that is de jure an enclave and exclave of Azerbaijan, de facto under the control of Armenia, administered within the Ararat Municipality of the Ararat Province. The main highway connecting northern Armenia with southern Armenia passes right by the village. Today the village is mostly inhabited by Armenians, both locals and refugees from Azerbaijan.[2] [...] Since May 1992, following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Karki has been controlled by Armenia, which governs the 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi) territory as part of its Ararat Province.[8] [...] According to the 1910 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, Karki (Кярки) had a predominantly Tatar[lower-alpha 1] population of 244 in 1908.[13] This number increased slightly to 245 in 1911.[14]
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Karki (Azerbaijani: Kərki) or Tigranashen (Armenian: Տիգրանաշեն) is a village that is de jure an enclave and exclave of Azerbaijan, de facto under the control of Armenia, administered within the Ararat Municipality of the Ararat Province. The main highway connecting northern Armenia with southern Armenia passes right by the village. Today the village is mostly inhabited by Armenians, both locals and refugees from Azerbaijan. [...] Since May 1992, following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Karki has been controlled by Armenia, which governs the 19km2 territory as part of its Ararat Province.[5] [...] According to the 1910 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, Karki (Russian: Кярки) had a predominantly Tatar population of 244 in 1908. This number increased slightly to 245 in 1911.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-14): Another Azerbaijani exclave, Karki, is further to the south, near Nakhchivan. And there is one Armenian exclave, Artsvashen, inside Azerbaijan; in the 1990s its Armenian residents faced a similar fate to those on the other side of the border. [...] There have been rumors ever since the end of the 2020 war between Armenia and Azerbaijan, that the villages would return to Azerbaijani control. Soon after the end of the war, the following day Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the president of Azerbaijan’s closest ally Turkey, referred to "the return of the Gazakh villages" in a speech to parliament. In June last year, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan’s comment at a Q&A session gave the impression that his government was willing to give up Karki. [...] Another issue at the heart of the border talks is the presence of Azerbaijani troops deep inside what’s generally regarded as Armenian territory. Azerbaijan made several incursions into Armenia since the 2020 war and currently holds an estimated 215 square kilometers of its land.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-31): Geography [edit]Western (Nakhchivan) section [edit]The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Turkey on the Aras river, and proceeds overland in a south-easterly direction along various mountain ridges, such as the Zangezur Mountains, down to the western tripoint with Iran on the Aras. Additionally, the Azerbaijani enclave of Karki/Tigranashen lies just north of the border, however since May 1992, following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Karki has been controlled by Armenia, which administers the 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi) territory as part of its Ararat Province.[7] [...] Additionally, in the northern stretch of the boundary area there are one Armenian (Artsvashen) and four Azerbaijani (Karki, Yukhari Askipara, Barxudarlı and Sofulu) exclave villages which are now controlled by their 'host' nation. In addition, since the 1990s, Armenia controlled another 4 villages within the de-jure borders of Azerbaijan: Aşağı Əskipara, Bağanis Ayrum, Qızılhacılı, and Xeyrimli, which were returned to Azerbaijan on 24 May 2024 in accordance with the border delimitation agreement.[8][9]
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-09): The oldest material culture artifacts found in the region date back to the Neolithic Age (6000 B.C.E. to 4000 B.C.E.). The region was part of the Mannaean civilization, an ancient people of unknown origin, who lived in the territory of present-day Iran, around the tenth to seventh centuries B.C.E. It became part of Urartu, an ancient kingdom of Armenia that existed from around 860 B.C.E. until 585 B.C.E. The name corresponds to the Biblical Mount Ararat. Then it was under the Medes, an ancient Iranian people. It became part of the Satrapy of Armenia under Achaemenid Persia circa 521 B.C.E. After Alexander the Great's death (323 B.C.E.) various Macedonian generals tried to take control of the region but failed. A native dynasty of Orontids flourished until Armenia was conquered by Seleucid Antiochus III the Great, (who ruled from 223 B.C.E. to 187 B.C.E.). The Seleucid Empire was the Hellenistic successor of Alexander the Great's dominion. [...] Nakhichevan became a scene of conflict during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. On May 4, 1992, Armenian forces shelled the area's Sadarak rayon. The heaviest fighting took place on May 18, when the Armenians captured Nakhichevan's exclave of Karki, a tiny territory through which Armenia's main North-South highway passes. Heydar Aliyev declared a unilateral ceasefire on May 23 and sought to conclude a separate peace with Armenia. A cease-fire was agreed upon.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-30): The village of Karki is one of the exclaves of Azerbaijan located on the territory of Armenia. Until August 1990, the village was part of the Sharur region of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The village with an area of 960 hectares with 500 inhabitants is included in the administrative-territorial unit of the Sadarak region, formed by the decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan dated August 29, 1990. By that time, Karki had already been occupied by the Armenian armed formations. Armenian militants have been shelling the village since 1989. In mid-January 1990, these shelling intensified. [...] Thus, the village of Karki became the first territory of Azerbaijan occupied by the Armenians. Residents of the village still live in the village of Yeni Karki, built in the Kangarli region of Nakhchivan. According to the statistics of 2019, the population of the village is 986 people. Located 8-10 kilometers from Sadarak, Karki is of strategic importance. The fact is that the main road connecting the north and south of Armenia passes through the territory of Karki.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-12): Political analyst Gurgen Simonyan believes Baku is actively trying to disrupt the peace process. He states that the villages mentioned by Azerbaijan are undeniably Armenian territories, not areas of dispute. [...] Baku lists the following settlements: Yukhary Askipara (Armenian name: Verin Voskepar), Sofulu, Barkhudarly in Armenia’s Tavush region, and Karki (Armenian name: Tigranashen) in the Ararat region. [...] "Azerbaijan lists the following toponyms: Baganis Ayrum, Ashagy Askipara (Nerkin Voskepar), Kheyrimli, Gizilgajily, while simultaneously refusing to acknowledge that the vital territories of 31 non-enclave Armenian settlements are under Azerbaijani occupation."
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-19): For centuries, Armenia, which has been chasing dreams of the so-called 'greater armenia', eyed on the territories of Azerbaijan and always invaded the lands whenever it had the opportunity, is not satisfied only with Karabakh. It should be recalled that 13 villages of the Gazakh district of Azerbaijan, located far from Karabakh, were occupied by Armenians in the 1990s. But later, 6 of those 13 villages were freed from occupation. At present, 7 villages of Gazakh, as well as the territory of Nakhchivan called Kerki, have been under the occupation of Armenia since that time. [...] Speaking to Azernews the military expert Adalat Verdiyev also confirmed that the Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan had stated in his last statement in Reykjavik that he recognizes the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan as 86.6 thousand square kilometers. He underlined that this means Armenia recognizes Karabakh, Eastern Zangazur, and eight villages that are under occupation as the territory of Azerbaijan. "Despite Azerbaijan regaining control over other areas, these eight villages still remain under the control of Armenia. Armenia realizes that their return to Azerbaijan would cause serious problems for Armenia. For example, the return of the village of Karki to Azerbaijan allows Azerbaijan to take control of the Yerevan-Gafan highway, and the return of 7 villages of Gazakh allows Azerbaijan to control the Ijevan Noyemberyan M4 Highway. This promised serious problems for Armenia, and therefore Armenia is trying to solve this issue in slightly a different way," Verdiyev said.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-29): After the 44-day war in Nagorno-Karabakh, the Azerbaijani armed forces advanced several times into the sovereign territory of Armenia. The consequences of these escalations were hundreds of casualties on both sides and territorial losses for Armenia. Several months ago, the authorities of the country finally openly stated that as a result of these incursions, the country lost part of its territory and dozens of villages. [...] "We are talking about the territories of 31 communities where Armenia itself controls the populated areas, but part of the adjacent territories is under the control of Azerbaijan in varying proportions. At the moment, the situation is such that Azerbaijan does not recognize the existence of this problem. But it needs to be resolved in full." [...] The statement mentioned Yukhari Askipara and Karki – Armenian-inhabited villages Verin Voskepar and Tigranashen, as well as Sofulu and Barkhudarly, which are currently deserted.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-07): What makes the dispute over these border villages particularly intriguing is that most of Armenia’s domestic and international passenger and freight transport is conducted using motorways that pass through or near the de jure Azerbaijani territories in these settlements. Thus, Armenia’s main north-south highway (M2) and its main trade route with Iran, an important trade partner for Armenia, passes through an Azerbaijani exclave village of Karki. Seven other villages are located on or just next to another major highway (M16/H26) linking Armenia’s capital Yerevan with Georgia’s capital Tbilisi. While the legal belonging of the villages is not in doubt, broader disagreements over the border delimitation have added a layer of complexity to the dispute. Yerevan has accused Baku of occupying Armenian territory after the end of the 2020 war, apparently using this claim as a central argument in its effort to deflect from the Azerbaijani claims on the eight villages. Armenian officials and media have cited differing figures for the alleged occupied territory, ranging from "at least 215 square kilometers" to 170 and most recently, 83 square kilometers. These claims are not only self-contradictory but dubious, given that Yerevan appears to consider areas within a non-delineated mountainous border terrain – exposed to Azerbaijani forces’ visual observation and fire control – as being under occupation.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-22): This remained in place, for the most part, until the second Nagorno Karabakh war in September 2020. At this time, Azerbaijan launched a major military operation to take back the territory lost to Armenia in the early 1990s. By November, a Russia-led diplomatic effort brought an end to the fighting. Azerbaijan had taken back most, but not all, of the territory it had lost to Armenia, which was decisively defeated on the battlefield. [...] The border delineation process is also affected by the status of four remaining enclaves: the Armenian enclave of Artsvashen inside Azerbaijan, and the Azerbaijani enclaves of Barkhudarly, Yukhari Askipara, and Karki inside Armenia. [...] Finally, there is the issue of perceived territorial claims in neighboring countries as referenced in Armenia’s Constitution. The preamble of the current version of the document references the "pan-national aspirations" of ethnic Armenians. It also specifically cites Armenia’s 1990 Declaration of Independence from the Soviet Union that called for the unification of Armenia and ethnic Armenians living in Azerbaijan’s Karabakh region. Understandably, Azerbaijan has never liked this wording and wants it changed.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-28): As a result of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020 and the anti-terrorism operation conducted by the armed forces of Azerbaijan in September 2023, the territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and seven adjacent districts, which had been under Armenian control for over 30 years, returned to Azerbaijani control. However, the only unresolved issue regarding territorial disputes between Azerbaijan and Armenia is enclaves. Azerbaijan has eight enclave villages on the territory of Armenia – Yukhari Askipara, Ashaghi Askipara, Barkhudarli, Sofulu, Baghanis Ayrim, Gizilhajili, and Khairimli of the Gazakh region, as well as the village of Karki in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The first four of them are considered non-enclave villages by the Azerbaijani side because these villages are located on territory adjacent to Azerbaijan, on the border with Armenia. The rest are completely surrounded by Armenian territory. [...] Just recently, on April 19, at the 8th meeting of state commissions on the delimitation of the state border between Azerbaijan and Armenia, an agreement was reached on the return of four Azerbaijani villages – Baghanis Ayrim, Ashagi Askipara, Kheyrimli, and Gizilhajili.
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-12): Submitted by christian on Wed, 12/01/2021 - 14:57 - Abkhazia: Republic of Abkhazia and Georgia - Aegean dispute, Imia/Kardak: Greece and Turkey - Artsyashen exclave of Gegharkunik province, de jure part of Armenia; Karki exclave of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli both exclaves of Qazakh Rayon de jure part of Azerbaijan; Yuradullu is controlled by Azerbaijan along with occupying the much marger de jure Armenian territory surrounding it: Armenia and Azerbaijan - Border’ checkpoint near Strovilia: United Kingdom and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Carlingford Lough and Lough Foyle boundary dispute: Ireland and United Kingdom - Crimea: Russia and Ukraine - Croatia-Serbia border dispute: Croatia and Serbia - Croatia-Slovenia border disputes: Croatia and Slovenia - David Gareja monastery complex boundary dispute: Georgia and Azerbaijan - Dollart bay: Germany and Netherlands - Gibraltar: United Kingdom and Spain - Gulf of Piran: Slovenia and Croatia - Island of Vukovar: Croatia and Serbia - Kokkina/Erenköy exclave: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Cyprus - Kosovo: Republic of Kosovo and Serbia - Lake Constance: Germany, Austria, Switzerland - Military complex near Sveta Gera: Slovenia and Croatia - Moldovan-controlled area of Dubasari district: Moldova and Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic - Mont Blanc summit
Claim: Karki is a territory of Armenia (Karki, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-28): Nevertheless, there are still some major issues that need to be resolved. The first and foremost is the territorial claim by Armenia to Azerbaijan contained in the reference in Armenia’s constitution to "reunification" with Karabakh, the Azerbaijani territory that Armenia had occupied for three decades. [...] The border delineation process is also affected by the status of four remaining enclaves: the Armenian enclave of Artsvashen inside Azerbaijan, and the Azerbaijani enclaves of Barkhudarly, Yukhari Askipara, and Karki inside Armenia. These are all small parcels of land that were once inhabited by their respective ethnic groups but are now uninhabited and under the de facto control of the other side. Azerbaijani foreign policy chief Hikmet Hajiyev confirmed that there had been progress in bilateral talks, adding that the agreement on the border commission "should be seen as sufficient for the withdrawal of the EU contingent."[xiv] Azerbaijan has consistently opposed an EU monitoring mission that was deployed in Armenia in 2022[xv] to observe the situation on the border, arguing that the EU mission increases the risk of conflict.