copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2016-11-22): The Teenage Pregnancy Strategy (TPS) was the first comprehensive approach by any UK government to reduce England’s high teenage pregnancy rates. The rate had been, for many years, higher than other western European countries and outcomes for young parents and their children were disproportionately poor. The strategy was launched in 1999 with a goal of halving the under-18 conception rate. By 2014, the rate had dropped 51% [1]. The purpose of this study was to explore how the strategy was designed and implemented to achieve its success. This paper complements two previously published articles. The first [2] presents an overview of the strategy within the WHO ExpandNet framework; the second [3] confirms the impact of the strategy by combining detailed analysis of the outcomes along with the data from the Natsal-2 and Natsal-3 studies. Although there is inevitably some overlap of material, this new paper provides significantly more detail, serving to illustrate the complexities involved in implementing a strategy that achieved such a high level of change, refers how to access key documentation, and identifies six key features which were fundamental to its success.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2021-12-19): Socioeconomic determinants of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood in the United Kingdom: A perspective @article{Aluga2021SocioeconomicDO, title={Socioeconomic determinants of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood in the United Kingdom: A perspective}, author={David Aluga and Elvis Anyaehiechukwu Okolie}, journal={Health Promotion Perspectives}, year={2021}, volume={11}, pages={426 - 429}, url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245337744} [...] The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage birth rates among countries in western Europe. Government initiatives such as the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy introduced by the labor government in 1999 to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate by half in ten years could be responsible for the steady decline in teenage conception and childbirth for the past two decades. However, to sustain this decrease it is crucial to consider the broader socioeconomic and environmental determinants of teenage… [PDF] Semantic Reader 7 Citations [...] TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: A BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2014-10-15): The United Kingdom continues to have one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancy among member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operations and Development [...] Teenage pregnancy refers to pregnancy in women usually within the ages of 13-19, which may be intended or unintended. It remains a major public health concern worldwide. The World Health Organization has estimated that every year approximately 16 million females aged 15-19 and around one million girls aged less than 15 give birth. Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the second cause of death in 15-19 year old females globally. Furthermore, every year around three million girls undergo unsafe abortions. This review examines key issues related to the care of teenage mothers. [...] The United Kingdom continues to have one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancy among …
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2022-08-24): • In Europe (excluding the former Soviet Bloc), the highest adolescent pregnancy rates are found in England and Wales (47 in 2011) and Scotland (46). [...] ADOLESCENT ABORTION IN DEVELOPED REGIONS • According to a recent review of 35 developed countries, the highest adolescent abortion rates are in England and Wales and Sweden (20 per 1,000 women aged 15–19 in 2011 and 2010, respectively). [...] • Compared with young people in the Netherlands, who have the second lowest adolescent pregnancy rate in Europe, U.S. adolescents are faced with greater societal disapproval regarding adolescent sexuality, less-consistent provision of sex education, and greater socioeconomic inequalities that underlie higher adolescent pregnancy rates among the most disadvantaged groups.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2017-09-20): Rates of teenage pregnancy in the UK have halved in the past two decades and are now at their lowest levels since record-keeping began in the late 1960s. It is a dramatic turnaround: in 1998, England had one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in western Europe. Last week, the Office for National Statistics released data revealing the fall in the conception rate among females aged 15 to 19 as the standout success story in the public health field: just 14.5 per 1,000 births were to women in their teens, with drops in all age groups under 25. [...] The teenage conception rate in England still remains higher than a number of other western European countries, however, and reductions at council level vary from 30% to 70% – including stark differences between areas with similar demographics.Lisa Fontanelle, 20, has been a peer mentor for the sexual health charity Brook since she was 14. "I’ve mentored young people all over the country and I see differences in conception rates that have nothing to do with deprivation and inequality," she said. "The biggest reasons are cultural, lack of education and stigma: people still think that if you give young people sex and relationship education, they’re going to go crazy.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2011-04-08): Background: In 2009, approximately 410,000 teens aged 15--19 years gave birth in the United States, and the teen birth rate remains higher than in other developed countries. [...] Despite declines since 1991 (1), the teen birth rate in the United States remains as much as nine times higher as in other developed countries (2),* and significant racial/ethnic and geographic disparities exist in the United States (3,4). Compared with births to adult women, births to teens are at greater risk for low birth weight, preterm birth, and death in infancy (5,6). Teen childbearing also perpetuates a cycle of disadvantage; teen mothers are less likely to finish high school, and their children are more likely to have low school achievement, drop out of high school, and give birth themselves as teens (7,8). Each year, teen childbearing costs the United States approximately $6 billion in lost tax revenue and nearly $3 billion in public expenditures. However, these costs are $6.7 billion lower than they would have been had teen childbearing not decreased (9). [...] * By comparison, the U.S. teen birth rate is nearly one and a half times higher than the teen birth rate in the United Kingdom, which has the highest teen birth rate in western Europe. The U.S. rate is nearly three times higher than the teen birth rate in Canada and six to nine times higher than the teen birth rates in Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland (2).
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2024-04-10): - Data on childbirths among girls aged 10–14 are getting more widely available. Globally the adolescent birth rate for girls 10–14 years in 2023 was estimated at 1.5 per 1000 women with higher rates in sub-Saharan Africa (4.4) and Latin America and the Caribbean (2.3) (3). [...] Adolescent pregnancy is a global phenomenon with clearly known causes and serious health, social and economic consequences. Globally, the adolescent birth rate (ABR) has decreased, but rates of change have been uneven across regions. There are also enormous variations in levels between and within countries. Adolescent pregnancy tends to be higher among those with less education or of low economic status. Further, there is slower progress in reducing adolescent first births amongst these and other vulnerable groups, leading to increasing inequity. Child marriage and child sexual abuse place girls at increased risk of pregnancy, often unintended. In many places, barriers to obtaining and using contraceptives prevent adolescents from avoiding unintended pregnancies. There is growing attention being paid to improving access to quality maternal care for pregnant and parenting adolescents. WHO works with partners to advocate for attention to adolescent pregnancy, to build an evidence base for action, to develop policy and programme support tools, to build capacity and to support countries to address adolescent pregnancy effectively. [...] Every year, an estimated 21 million girls aged 15–19 years in developing regions become pregnant and approximately 12 million of them give birth (1).
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2024-08-31): The rates of teenage pregnancy may vary widely within a country. For instance, in the United Kingdom, the rate of adolescent pregnancy in 2002 was as high as 100.4 per 1000 among young women living in the London Borough of Lambeth, and as low as 20.2 per 1000 among residents in the Midlands local authority area of Rutland. Teenage birth is often associated with economic and social issues such as alcohol and drug misuse. In 2001, across 13 nations in the European Union, women who gave birth as teenagers were twice as likely to be living in poverty, compared with those who first gave birth when they were over 20.[14] Bulgaria and Romania [edit]Romania and Bulgaria have some of the highest teenage birth rates in Europe. In 2015, Bulgaria had a birth rate of 37 per 1,000 women aged 15–19. Romania had a teen birth rate of 34 per 1,000 women aged 15–19.[15] Both countries also have very large Romani populations, who have an occurrence of teenage pregnancies well above the local average.[16][17][18]
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2022-02-25): According to the most recent report from the Family Planning Association (FPA), the UK has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe: [...] Teenage pregnancy is steadily declining throughout the UK, with Northern Ireland having the lowest rate on record in 2014 (10.32 per 1,000 females aged 13-19). Scotland displays a higher rate than most other Western European countries, but more recently (2014) its rate has noticeably declined (34.1 per 1,000 females aged 13-19): [...] However, the Scottish government did not develop a strategy for tackling teenage pregnancy until March of this year. While it has the highest teenage pregnancy rate in the British Isles, this will be their first official plan to action focusing primarily on this issue. Despite its uniquely high rate of teenage pregnancy, and the lack of a comprehensive executive strategy until this year, between 2007 and 2014 Scotland still enjoyed a decline from 57.7 to 34.1 (40.9%) in the rate of births among mothers under 20.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2022-04-13): Previous government initiatives and socio-economic factors appear to have influenced decreasing conception rates in the last two decades. In 2018, the government published the Teenage pregnancy prevention framework guidance, which aims to prevent unplanned pregnancy and promote healthy relationships among young people in England. This is driven by many factors, such as the UK's relatively high teenage birth rates, as compared with the rest of Europe, and health consequences for adolescent pregnancies. [...] Across all English regions, the North East had the lowest overall conception rate for women of all ages (15 to 44 years), it also had the highest conception rate for women aged under 18 years. The North East has consistently had the highest under-18 conception rate of all the English regions since 2003. [...] Provisional quarterly statistics on the number of conceptions to women aged under 18 years by region and other local authority area within England and Wales.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2021-12-19): Socioeconomic determinants of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood in the United Kingdom: A perspective - PMID: 35079585 - PMCID: PMC8767081 - DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.52 [...] The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage birth rates among countries in western Europe. Government initiatives such as the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy introduced by the labor government in 1999 to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate by half in ten years could be responsible for the steady decline in teenage conception and childbirth for the past two decades. However, to sustain this decrease it is crucial to consider the broader socioeconomic and environmental determinants of teenage pregnancy at the population level. A selected literature search was conducted in this respect to highlight the factors that could be neglected by recent interventions on teenage pregnancy and childbirth in the United Kingdom. [...] - - Kirchengast S. Teenage pregnancies: a worldwide social and medical problem. In: Laratta R, ed. An Analysis of Contemporary Social Welfare Issues. IntechOpen; 2016. 10.5772/65462 - DOI - - Office for National Statistics. Live births women aged ‘Under 18’ and ‘Under 20’, (per 1,000 women aged 15 to 17 and 15 to 19) in EU28 countries, 2004, 2013 and 2014. 2016. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarri.... Accessed January 7, 2020.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2002-07-01): Britain is worst in Europe for teenage pregnancy rates [...] Britain has the second highest teenage birth rate in the developed world, according to a new report from the United Nations. The United States is the only country with a higher proportion of teenage mothers, with 52 per 1000 compared with 32/1000 in the United Kingdom. The lowest birth rates were found in Korea, Japan, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Sweden, where less than 7 girls per 1000 gave birth.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2014-11-01): Background: The UK has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancies in Western Europe. One-fifth of these are repeat pregnancies. Unintended conceptions can cause substantial emotional, psychological and educational harm to teenagers, often with enduring implications for life chances. Babies of teenage mothers have increased mortality and are at a significantly increased risk of poverty, educational underachievement and unemployment later in life, with associated costs to society. It is important to identify effective, cost-effective and acceptable interventions. [...] Conclusions: We found no evidence to indicate that existing interventions to reduce repeat teenage pregnancy were effective; however, subsequent births were reduced by home-based interventions. Qualitative and realist evidence helped to explain gaps in intervention design that should be addressed. More theory-based, rigorously evaluated programmes need to be developed to reduce repeat teenage pregnancy in the UK. [...] Intervention Now To Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement.BMJ Open. 2014 Apr 10;4(4):e004733. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004733. BMJ Open. 2014. PMID: 24722200 Free PMC article. Review.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2015-08-25): Historically, the UK has had one of the highest teenage pregnancy and abortion rates in Western Europe. [...] In 2004, the UK rate was 13.6 births per 1,000 women aged 15-17 compared with an EU average rate of 7.7. A spokeswoman for the British Pregnancy Advisory Service said: "Contrary to popular perception, this data shows that the teenage pregnancy rate is falling dramatically in England and Wales. While the UK has historically had a high teenage conception rate, it is now at its lowest level on record and not significantly out of step with other European countries.
Claim: The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015-12-01)
Evidence (2024-03-06): Indeed, women in the EU appear to be having fewer children while they are young, and more children later in life (see, for example, data for 2022 in Figure 4 at ages higher than 30 years). While the fertility rates for women aged less than 30 years in the EU have declined since 2001, those for women aged 30 years and over have risen. In 2001, the fertility rate for women aged 25-29 years was the highest among all age groups. In 2022, the fertility rate for women aged 30-34 years became the highest. The fertility rate for women aged 35 years and over is also on the increase. [...] Among the EU Member States, France reported the highest total fertility rate in 2022, with 1.79 live births per woman, followed by Romania (1.71) and Bulgaria (1.65). By contrast, the lowest total fertility rates in 2022 were recorded in Malta (1.08 live births per woman), Spain (1.16) and Italy (1.24). Among the EFTA countries, the highest total fertility rate in 2022 was reported by Iceland (1.59) and the lowest by Switzerland (1.39). [...] The final group (top left quadrant) was composed of Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Croatia, Latvia, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia, as well as Iceland; in each of these, the total fertility rate was higher than the EU average but the mean age of women at the birth of their first child was below the EU average.
Claim: The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between £400m and £830m every year. (Alliance Party, 2023-05-04)
Evidence (2023-05-04): This estimate of costs comes from a major paper published by Ulster University. That 2016 report clearly outlines how it arrived at the £400m-£830m range of costs, including important points about its methodology. While it remains the most recent calculation of the cost to public services of NI’s divided society, the passage of time needs to be taken into account.
Claim: The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between £400m and £830m every year. (Alliance Party, 2023-05-04)
Evidence (2023-03-15): The chancellor has said his Budget will mean an additional £130m for public spending in Northern Ireland over the next two years.
Claim: The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between £400m and £830m every year. (Alliance Party, 2023-05-04)
Evidence (2010-11-09): Division 'Costs' NI Economy Says RICS The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) has urged the Northern Ireland Executive to take on social division as a key objective of its capital spending policy. [...] The organisation, which has 3,000 local members and a remit to act in the public interest through its Royal Charter, points out that, in addition to costing the public purse directly, ongoing division in Northern Ireland hinders efforts to attract foreign direct investment and to increase tourism.
Claim: The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between £400m and £830m every year. (Alliance Party, 2023-05-04)
Evidence (2023-12-18): Departmental spending is mainly funded from money sent to Northern Ireland from the UK Treasury. The only major additional source of public spending in NI is rates, which raises around £700m (compared to £15bn of "regionally identifiable expenditure" alone). "Treasury contributions" therefore equate more or less directly with public spending, when comparing trends.
Claim: The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between £400m and £830m every year. (Alliance Party, 2023-05-04)
Evidence (2007-08-23): Division and conflict in Northern Ireland cost the taxpayer an extra £1.5bn every year, according to a report commissioned by the government. [...] The report's authors acknowledge that it is difficult to disentangle the costs of public services, to isolate those areas in which social division and conflict has led to extra cost.
Claim: The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between £400m and £830m every year. (Alliance Party, 2023-05-04)
Evidence (2015-04-01): Approximately £2m of £300m is attributed annually to Northern Ireland for these museums; the rest is attributed to other UK regions.[4] Treasury guidance states that the "who benefits" principle should be used wherever possible in public spending accounts.[5] Clearly these Museums will attract visitors (i.e. beneficiaries) from Northern Ireland and on this basis it is reasonable to apportion some of the expenditure to the region (perhaps on the basis of which region visitors to the museum originate from). However, the "where benefits" principle also seems relevant, as the spending of museum staff, suppliers and visitors is likely to be concentrated in London. Unfortunately, the document does not explain how Northern Ireland’s share is calculated, and more transparency would be welcome. There also appears to be an inconsistency in that the Department of Culture Arts and Leisure (DCAL) spending on museums in Northern Ireland is fully attributed to the region, regardless of whether visitors hail from other parts of the UK. [...] Northern Ireland Public Finances 2011-12: Summary Table
Claim: The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between £400m and £830m every year. (Alliance Party, 2023-05-04)
Evidence (2023-05-23): It estimated the divided school system in Northern Ireland cost £226m extra a year to the public purse. [...] The department called the Cost of Division report "a flawed and over simplified analysis of complex education issues that is misleading at a time when education for children and young people in Northern Ireland is seriously underfunded". [...] "The Department of Education agrees with CSSC's analysis of the Cost of Division paper which it considers to be a flawed and over simplified analysis of complex education issues that is misleading at a time when education for children and young people in Northern Ireland is seriously underfunded," a DE statement said.
Claim: The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between £400m and £830m every year. (Alliance Party, 2023-05-04)
Evidence (2016-05-06): Finance Minister Mervyn Storey today welcomed the independent report on the ‘Cost of Division’ in Northern Ireland society. [...] A Cost of Division report carried out by Deloitte in 2007 identified an upper ceiling of £1.5billion. Using updated methodology, UUEPC has benchmarked costs with comparable regions across the UK to identify the range of £400m to £830m per annum. [...] - The report identifies an estimated range of additional annual public service costs relative to other comparable regions in the UK. It then uses these costs to provide a basis on which to estimate the potential cost of division in Northern Ireland. The conclusion identifies a cost range of approximately £400 million to £800 million per annum, which at least in part is caused by the need to provide services in a divided society.