copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Denmark (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-12-02): On 2 December 2010, the Kingdom of Denmark submitted to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in accordance with Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured regarding the Southern Continental Shelf of the Faroe Islands, the Faroe-Rockall Plateau Region. [...] According to the submitting State, this is a "partial submission of the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark together with the Government of the Faroes", which "concerns only the area regarding the Southern Continental Shelf of the Faroe Islands, the Faroe-Rockall Plateau Region. The Kingdom of Denmark intends to submit separate information on maritime areas north, north-east, and south of Greenland".
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Denmark (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-21): Ireland, the UK, Iceland and Denmark (on behalf of the Faroe Islands) have made competing claims to marine jurisdictions around Rockall since the UK purported to ‘annex’ the rock in 1955. In this post I focus on the core of the current dispute between Ireland and the UK, which is the UK claim to territorial sovereignty over the rock that is now being vigorously asserted by Edinburgh. Although in the past it has claimed different categories of marine jurisdiction around Rockall, Ireland has not to date articulated a territorial claim to the rock itself. Based on research into Irish state practice in relation to the dispute, I argue it has nonetheless not foreclosed the possibility of making a territorial claim and should now change strategy and do so. If Ireland were to make such a claim, I argue the current UK claim would be a weak one from the perspective of relevant principles of customary international law on the acquisition of territory.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Denmark (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-05-09): The UK landed military personnel on the Rock in the 1950s has long laid claim to Rockall, although that claim has never been recognised by the international community. [...] Unfortunately for the Tones' the Irish government agreed sea boundaries with the UK in 1988 - which put Rockall in British territory - as illustrated on this map from the Department of Foreign Affairs. "While Ireland has not recognised British sovereignty over Rockall, it has never sought to claim sovereignty for itself. The consistent position of successive Irish Governments has been that Rockall and similar rocks and skerries have no significance for establishing legal claims to mineral rights in the adjacent seabed or to fishing rights in the surrounding seas," the Dail was told in response to a parliamentary question from Catherine Murphy in 2012 over the stance of the rock.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Denmark (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-21): In a statement, a spokesperson for the Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs said "the Hatton-Rockall area is part of the Icelandic continental shelf". [...] The UK has long had a claim over Rockall, although this is not recognised by a number of neighbouring states. [...] Besides the UK, Ireland and Iceland, Denmark on behalf of the Danish Faroe Islands also has a claim on Rockall.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Denmark (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-10): Former SAS soldier Tom McClean spent 40 days on Rockall from from 26 May to 4 July 1985 in an attempt to validate it as an island and make it a British territory. Since then Greenpeace activists spent 42 days protesting against exploration. The activists landed on the island by helicopter to protest about potential oil exploration in the region.They spent 42 days on the rock, living in a solar-powered capsule. Speaking at the time, one of the activists is quoted as saying: "The seas around Rockall, potentially rich in oil, are fought over by four nations - Britain, Denmark, Iceland and Ireland."By seizing Rockall, Greenpeace claims these seas for the planet and all its peoples." They raised a new flag on the rock - the flag of the "Global State of Waveland" - establishing Rockall as the capital of an entirely new country.But they did not want to own Rockall - Greenpeace said it wanted to borrow it until it was "freed from the threat of development."It was a "virtual nation" in the early days of the internet with citizenship offered to anyone prepared to take a pledge to defend nature and act peacefully. Over the next few months, more than 15,000 applied for citizenship.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Denmark (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-10): Rockall has been claimed by the British and is generally accepted to belong to the UK and, more specifically, Scotland. [...] "The UK’s claim to historical sovereignty over Rockall is a strong one," UCD professor Richard Collins told TheJournal.ie today. [...] We have never recognised UK sovereignty over Rockall and accordingly we have not recognised a territorial sea around it either.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): The Dollart (German name, pronounced [ˈdɔlaʁt]) or Dollard (Dutch name, pronounced [ˈdɔlɑrt]) is a bay in the Wadden Sea between the northern Netherlands and Germany, on the west side of the estuary of the Ems river. Most of it dries at low tide. Many water birds feed there. Gaining from and losing to the sea [edit]According to legend, the Dollart Bay was created by a catastrophic storm surge in 1277,[1] covering the district of Rheiderland and large parts of the Oldambt district. The flood was rumoured to have caused 80,000 deaths.[2] The story, however, is not true and based on legend instead of facts.[3][4][5] The Dollart was created as a slow inundation over many centuries[6] which accumulated in a storm surge in 1509. The 1509 surge extended the Dollart, and flooded 30 more villages,[5] and by 1520 the Dollart had its largest extension. Between the 16th and the 20th centuries, two thirds of the drowned area was reclaimed. [...] - ^ "Layer Nordsee - Ems-Dollart-Vertrag" (in German). State of Lower Saxony. Archived from the original on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-30): Germany and the Netherlands are separated by a land border of roughly 354 miles long that is situated in the eastern section of the Netherlands. The border touches on several provinces of the Netherlands such as Limburg, Gelderland, and Groningen. On the German side, the border touches on some states such as Nordrhein-Westfalen and Niedersachsen. According to geographical evidence, the border between the two nations starts in the northern section at the Dollart Bay. From the Dollart the border follows a southerly route and for several miles, it traces the same path as some small rivers. For close to 5 miles the border between Germany and Netherlands follows the same path as the Rhine River. For roughly 62 miles, the border follows the path charted by the Meuse valley. Due to the unique shape and numerous meanders along its length, the border between Germany and the Netherlands is considered to be somewhat irregular.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): English: The Dollart (Dutch: Dollard) is a bay in the Wadden Sea between Netherlands and Germany, on the west side of the estuary of River Ems . [...] Deichvorland im Dollart - Nationalpark niedersächsisches Wattenmeer.jpg 6,000 × 4,000; 17.06 MB -
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Area [edit]Germany is in Central Europe, bordering Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, France and Luxembourg in the south-west, and Belgium and the Netherlands in the north-west. It lies mostly between latitudes 47° and 55° N (the tip of Sylt is just north of 55°), and longitudes 5° and 16° E. The territory covers 357,600 km2 (138,070 sq mi), consisting of 349,250 km2 (134,846 sq mi) of land and 8,350 km2 (3,224 sq mi) of water. It is the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 63rd largest in the world.[4]
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The Dollart or Dollard (Dutch name) is a bay in the Wadden Sea between the northern Netherlands and Germany, on the west side of the estuary of the Ems river. Most of it dries at low tide. Many water birds feed there.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Dollart (Dollart) is a channel (class H - Hydrographic) in Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany (Europe) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe... [...] Weather Dollart (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.) [...] Dollart (Lower Saxony) 7 day forecast
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-17): The Bay of Sielmönken or Bight of Sielmönken (German: Bucht von Sielmönken or Sielmönker Bucht) is a former bay on the territory of the present day municipality of Krummhörn in the west of East Frisia in Germany. The bight reached its greatest extent during the Carolingian transgression of 800 to 950 A. D.[1] After that it silted up heavily and was completely enclosed by dykes between 1,000 A. D. and the 13th century. Location [edit]The Bay of Sielmönken was situated between the Dollart and the Leybucht on the terrain of the present-day municipality of Krummhörn, with a small portion on the territory of Hinte. In the Early Middle Ages it separated the historical regions of Emsgau and Federgau.[2]
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-21): The Dollart (German name) or Dollard (Dutch name) is a bay in the Wadden Sea between the northern Netherlands and Germany, on the west side of the estuary of the Ems river. Most of it dries at low tide. Many water birds feed there. [...] The Dollart Bay was probably created in the 15th century, caused by rising water levels, sinking land surfaces, storm surges and civil strife. Though the land was protected by dikes, feuds between the main Schieringer and Vetkoper parties were detrimental for community efforts. As a result, dike maintenance was neglected and sluices were destroyed. From 1413 onward the sea overflowed the district of (Reiderland) and large parts of the Oldambt district. By 1520 the Dollart had its largest extension. Between the 16th and the 20th centuries, two third of drowned area have been reclaimed again. Nowadays the unembanked forelands have been declared world natural heritage. They are a paradise for all kinds of birds and other aquatic species. The organisation for landscape protection in Groningen Groningen, Het Groninger Landschap, offers excursions into the Dollart area about three times a year.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-03-04): I’m not going to split hairs or anything, but from here on out you won’t ever hear the word Dollard come from my keyboard. It’s the Dollart. Dollard is the Dutch name for this bay found along the German/Netherland border around the Ems Estuary. [...] What created the Dollard Bay in the first place? It’s believed that it wasn’t a natural occurrence, happening when Frisian fighting factions ruined the dikes that protected the waterway in the Middle Ages. [...] You know what else is famous up here? That’s right, bird watching (a variety of species of goose like the salty marshes and brackish water, I guess).Plus, the area where you’ll find the Dollart technically belongs to the Wadden Sea National Park (the Lower Saxony section).
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-16): The Dollart, also spelt as Dollard, is a fascinating natural wonder in the Ems Estuary, south of the lively port city of Emden on the North German Wadden Sea. This 90-kilometre² (35 mi²) bay receives its fresh water from the picturesque Westerwolder Aa river in the south. However, it's the northwestern part of the Dollart that's especially unique. Here, the narrow, 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) wide Dollart mouth stretches between the magical headland of Punt van Reide on the Dutch bank and the majestic Geise tidal flat on the German side. It joins the Outer Ems and flows to the wild North Sea. [...] For you as a cyclist, the Dollart is a natural phenomenon full of adventure and unforgettable views. An absolute highlight on your route is crossing the Dollart with the Ditzum-Petkum ferry with your bike for just a few euros. This crossing on the sixth and final stage will crown your adventure and bring you close to your destination, Emden. [...] Your journey of discovery on the Dutch Wadden Sea begins today in Delfzijl! The Dollart Route offers everything you could hope for from the coastal region in East Frisia: well-developed cycle paths take you on and next to the impressive dikes along the water. You'll cross picturesque canals and are likely… by Daniel
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-09-16): The Dollart (German name, pronounced [ˈdɔlaʁt]) or Dollard (Dutch name, pronounced [ˈdɔlɑrt]) is a bay in the Wadden Sea between the northern Netherlands and Germany, on the west side of the estuary of the Ems river. Most of it dries at low tide. Many water birds feed there. According to legend, the Dollart Bay was created by a catastrophic storm surge in 1277,[1] covering the district of Rheiderland and large parts of the Oldambt district. The flood was rumoured to have caused 80,000 deaths.[2] The story, however, is not true and based on legend instead of facts.[3][4][5] The Dollart was created as a slow inundation over many centuries[6] which accumulated in a storm surge in 1509. The 1509 surge extended the Dollart, and flooded 30 more villages,[5] and by 1520 the Dollart had its largest extension. Between the 16th and the 20th centuries, two thirds of the drowned area was reclaimed.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-03-04): The word "international" actually throws me off a bit. Why? Because the International Dollard Route (its official title), merely 204km/127mi long, merely represents the region around the Dollart, a small bay in the northwest of Germany and the north of the Netherlands. [...] What’s this Dollard (Dollart in English & German) that I keep mentioning anyway, you ask? Well, that’s the 100 square kilometer Dollart Bay surrounded by salty marshes and amazing local wildlife. Sounds great, doesn’t it?
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-09): Also referred to as Eems in Dutch, the Ems is a 225.2-mile-long river that flows through the North Rhine-Westphalia, and Lower Saxony states in the northwestern portion of Germany. The river drains into Dollart Bay, which forms a part of the Wadden Sea between the northern portions of the Netherlands and Germany. The exact course of the state boundary that passes through the Ems estuary between East Friesland’s Lower Saxon area and Netherland’s Groningen province was a subject of serious boundary dispute between the two nations. Germany and Netherlands are currently friendly states, and in October 2014, the boundary dispute matter was settled amicably by the two countries. [...] As per legends, a catastrophic storm surge in 1277 led to the creation of Dollart Bay, encompassing significant portions of the Reiderland and Oldambt districts. It has been estimated that this devastating storm surge killed about 80,000 people and flooded 43 parishes. From the 16th to the early 20th century, several initiatives were taken to reclaim two-thirds of the drowned area. Many canals have been constructed in modern times to link the Ems River with other waterways, making it a vital highway for industrial transportation.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-23): Land border [edit]The border is located in the northwestern part of Germany and the east of the Netherlands. The border runs as a fairly irregular line from the shore of the Dollart bay which is part of the Ems river estuary in the north to the Belgium–Germany–Netherlands tripoint at Vaalserberg. The length of the border is around 570 kilometres (350 mi) in length, although the straight distance between the two border end points is 288 kilometres (179 mi). [...] Disputes [edit]The maritime border is disputed in a part of the Ems estuary outside the Dollart bay, where Germany has the view that the state border runs on the left bank of the Ems, while the Netherlands regards the Thalweg as its border. This is based on interpretations of old treaties. Germany relies on a bill of enfeoffment from 1464, when German Emperor Frederick III raised Ulrich I, the son of a local chieftain to the status of Imperial Count, in which the County of East Frisia is described as "von der Westeremse osterwards" (thus including the Ems). According to the Netherlands, this has lapsed in the French period – after the incorporation in France of both areas of West Frisia (now part of the Dutch provinces of Groningen and Friesland) and East Frisia (now part of the German state of Lower Saxony). Thus according to international law, the boundary should be at the center of the navigation channel.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-03-21): The Dollart, or Dollard in dutch, is a bay on the Dutch-German border. In the late Middle Ages, this bay was created by floods and storm surges, drowning several villages. Now, the Dollart is an important breeding and feeding area for birds. The Dollart is a dynamic coastal nature reserve with intertidal mudflats and saltmarshes. Here salt water from the North Sea mixes with fresh water from the German river Ems and the Dutch river Westerwoldse Aa. Both the german and dutch parts of the Dollart are part of the Wadden Sea, inscribed on the Unesco World heritage list.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-11): The Ems-Dollart Treaty regulates jurisdiction in the Ems estuary – a historic event. In October 2014, Federal Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier and his Dutch counterpart Bert Koenders (left in photograph) put an end to an old conflict. They signed the Ems-Dollart Treaty, which regulates the commercial use of the waters between the estuary of the German River Ems and the Dutch Dollart Bay. It has been unclear which country this area belongs to ever since the 15th century. By signing the treaty, the two countries have agreed on jurisdiction – if not on the boundary line. The economic importance of the Ems estuary has steadily increased in recent years. An offshore wind farm was built there in 2012, which now has a secure basis under international law.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The Dollart (German name) or Dollard (Dutch name) is a bay in the Wadden Sea between the northern Netherlands and Germany, on the west side of the estuary of the Ems river. Most of it dries at low tide. Many water birds feed there.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-10-24): German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier (above left) and his Dutch counterpart, Bert Koenders (right), met at the border between the German town of Emden and Delfzijl in the Netherlands, where the Ems River empties into the disputed Dollart Bay. The ministers signed an agreement that the border will remain ambiguous and both nations will share responsibility for the area.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-08-03): Bunde is a municipal district in East Frisia, in Lower Saxony, Germany, about 20 km (12 mi) south of Emden, Germany, and 50 km (30 mi) east of Groningen, Netherlands. It lies on the southern tip of the Dollart, a bay of the North Sea between Germany and the Netherlands, and has a land border with the Netherlands.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-19): But now Google is at it again, sowing discord and stoking up strife from the Googleplex in Mountain View, California to the heretofore peaceful Dollart Bay, which forms the northern terminus of the German-Dutch border. The Dollart, originally dry land, but lost to the North Sea in medieval floods, lies to the west of the Ems river estuary. Its western shore is Dutch, the eastern one German, but the exact course of the border in between is contested. Predictably, Germany insists it’s close to the Dutch shore, while the Netherlands maintains a claim nearer the centre of the Dollart. [...] The origin of Google’s faulty border on the Dollart is a mystery. Where the situation on the Nicaraguan-Costa Rican border had some basis in nineteenth-century disputes and an unfortunate reference in a US government map, no such antecedents seem to be at the base of this misconstruction. No Dutch claim extends as far as the German shore, let alone enters Emden’s harbour.
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-12): Submitted by christian on Wed, 12/01/2021 - 14:57 - Abkhazia: Republic of Abkhazia and Georgia - Aegean dispute, Imia/Kardak: Greece and Turkey - Artsyashen exclave of Gegharkunik province, de jure part of Armenia; Karki exclave of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli both exclaves of Qazakh Rayon de jure part of Azerbaijan; Yuradullu is controlled by Azerbaijan along with occupying the much marger de jure Armenian territory surrounding it: Armenia and Azerbaijan - Border’ checkpoint near Strovilia: United Kingdom and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Carlingford Lough and Lough Foyle boundary dispute: Ireland and United Kingdom - Crimea: Russia and Ukraine - Croatia-Serbia border dispute: Croatia and Serbia - Croatia-Slovenia border disputes: Croatia and Slovenia - David Gareja monastery complex boundary dispute: Georgia and Azerbaijan - Dollart bay: Germany and Netherlands - Gibraltar: United Kingdom and Spain - Gulf of Piran: Slovenia and Croatia - Island of Vukovar: Croatia and Serbia - Kokkina/Erenköy exclave: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Cyprus - Kosovo: Republic of Kosovo and Serbia - Lake Constance: Germany, Austria, Switzerland - Military complex near Sveta Gera: Slovenia and Croatia - Moldovan-controlled area of Dubasari district: Moldova and Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic - Mont Blanc summit
Claim: Dollart bay is a territory of Germany (Dollart bay, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-02-21): The German officials claim the border between the two countries should run through the Dollart – a bay between the northern Netherlands and Germany on the west side of the Ems River estuary. The exact location of the border running through these waters has been disputed for centuries, but even these differing perceptions grant Emden its harbour. However, Google’s borders grant the entire Dollart and much of the Emden harbour to the Dutch. [...] The Süddeutsche Zeitung said it was likely little solace that Google Maps competitor, Microsoft's Bing, favours the German perspective on the border, cutting the Dollart in half and granting Emden its harbour.