copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2023-03-15): CDC recommends that people who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 can safely gather with other fully vaccinated people indoors without masks and without socially distancing. [...] A CDC study finds that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, are highly effective at preventing infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in real-world conditions among healthcare personnel, first responders, and other essential workers (groups that are more likely than the general population to be exposed to the virus because of their occupations), reducing their risk of infection by 90%. [...] CDC releases data in two MMWRs showing that adults who received 3 doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine were 94% less likely to be put on a ventilator or die from COVID-19 during the Omicron surge compared to non-vaccinated adults in the U.S. and that Black adults are currently 4 times more likely to be hospitalized than White adults.
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2023-02-10): FACT: The technology used, called messenger RNA, or mRNA, is not new. Research on it actually began in the early 1990s, and two diseases that are very close to COVID—SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2003, and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome)—helped bring the mRNA vaccine development to present day use.—Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Understanding mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines [...] FACT: As of August 9, the CDC said there had been 8,054 vaccinated people who were hospitalized or died who had also tested positive for coronavirus—out of more than 166 million fully vaccinated Americans. That’s roughly .005 percent. Additionally, CDC director Rochelle Walensky has said that 99.5 percent of all deaths from COVID-19 are in the unvaccinated.—Politifact, Fact Checking Joe Biden’s Figure on Unvaccinated COVID-19 Deaths [...] Assoumou: That’s a very common one. The information we have right now is that vaccines provide a more broad-based immune response that will protect you for a longer period of time. With the mRNA vaccines, you have two shots, one to prime and then another one to boost the immune system. You need the boost to protect you for a longer period of time.
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2024-10-02): FDA approves and authorizes emergency use of updated mRNA vaccines (Moderna, Pfizer) for 2023-24. The updated mRNA vaccines are each approved for individuals 12 years of age and older and are authorized under emergency use for individuals 6 months through 11 years of age. Bivalent Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines are no longer authorized for use in the United States. September 11, 2023 [...] ACIP interim recommendations for using bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 6 months to 5 years, adults 65 and older, and those with immunocompromising conditions. June 16, 2023 [...] FDA amended EUAs for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines for using booster doses for 18-year-olds and older. November 19, 2021
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2023-05-16): In a sign of limited public enthusiasm for COVID-19 vaccines, only about a third of U.S. adults have the highest level of available protection against the coronavirus, saying they have been fully vaccinated and have received a booster shot within the last six months. (Booster shots designed for newer variants of the coronavirus have been available since September 2022, about six months before the survey was conducted.) A similar share say they were fully vaccinated but have not received a booster shot in the past six months and about a fifth of U.S. adults say they have not been vaccinated against COVID-19. [...] People who have been fully vaccinated but have not received a recent booster in the past six months fall somewhere in the middle, with a mix of positive and negative views about the coronavirus vaccines. For example, a majority of this group (72%) sees the statement that "COVID-19 vaccines have saved millions of lives" as being at least somewhat in line with their views. At the same time, a majority of this group (63%) also says the statement "we don’t really know if there are serious health risks from these vaccines" describes their views at least somewhat well. [...] Those who are recently boosted and fully vaccinated against COVID-19 are the most likely to be concerned about getting a serious case of the disease.
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2024-02-27): We also discovered a significant increase in post-vaccination COVID-19 cases among individuals previously infected with COVID-19. Such findings may raise the issue of the benefit of vaccines for people who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. It is noteworthy that a study conducted in Kentucky (May–June 2021), reported an odds ratio of 2.34 (95% CI 1.58–3.47) of re-infection among unvaccinated participants compared to those who were fully vaccinated, suggesting that full vaccinations after a past SARS-CoV-2 infection provide additional protection by decreasing its transmissibility by shortening the duration of infectivity and so decrease the transmissibility77. Therefore, vaccination should be offered to all eligible individuals regardless of their previous infection status. While there is limited epidemiological evidence supporting the benefits of vaccination for previously infected individuals, our study supports the notion. [...] Stamatatos, L. et al. mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Science372, 1413–1418 (2021). [...] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Myocarditis and Pericarditis After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. Centers for Disease Control and Preventionhttps://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html (2020).
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2022-01-20): Some fully vaccinated people—and those who have received boosters—have acquired SARS-CoV-2 and developed COVID-19. That is expected. One Mayo Clinic intensivist explains what to know about COVID-19 vaccination, boosters and breakthrough infections. [...] The agency defines a breakthrough COVID-19 infection as "a small percentage of fully vaccinated persons" who "will still get COVID-19 if they are exposed to the virus that causes it." To that end, these vaccine breakthrough cases mean that "while people who have been vaccinated are much less likely to get sick, it will still happen in some cases." [...] One reason why fully vaccinated people might develop breakthrough COVID-19 infections "is the characteristics of the vaccine itself and how efficacious the vaccine is, because there is not a single vaccine that we know of that is 100% effective," explained Dr. Sanghavi. "We know from initial trials from both mRNA vaccines that the effectiveness was somewhere around 94% and 95%—slightly lower in the Johnson & Johnson vaccine."
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2021-09-09): And fourth, I want to emphasize that the vaccines provide very strong protection from severe illness from COVID-19. I know there’s a lot of confusion and misinformation. But the world’s leading scientists confirm that if you are fully vaccinated, your risk of severe illness from COVID-19 is very low. In fact, based on available data from the summer, only one of out of every 160,000 fully vaccinated Americans was hospitalized for COVID per day. [...] But as the science makes clear, if you’re fully vaccinated, you’re highly protected from severe illness, even if you get COVID-19.
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2023-03-07): † A COVID-19 case in a fully vaccinated person occurred when SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen was detected in a respiratory specimen collected ≥14 days after completing the primary series of a COVID-19 vaccine with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval or emergency use authorization. The COVID-19 case definition, including criteria to distinguish a new case from an existing case, is per the July 2021 update to the national standardized surveillance case definition and national notification for 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (21-ID-01) (https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/case-definitions/coronavirus-disease-2019-2021/). Fully vaccinated persons were those with a completed primary series of 2 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccine or a single dose of the Janssen vaccine (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html). A COVID-19 case in an unvaccinated person occurred when the person did not receive any FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine doses before the specimen collection date. Cases were excluded in partially vaccinated persons who received at least one FDA-authorized or approved vaccine dose but did not complete a primary series ≥14 days before collection of a respiratory specimen with SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected.
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2021-12-23): COVID-19 vaccines that use mRNA platforms contain mRNA with modified nucleosides that code for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The mRNA can encode for the spike protein from the original SARS-CoV-2 virus or from a VOC. The currently recommended mRNA vaccines code for the Omicron KP.2 sub-lineage. A lipid nanoparticle formulation delivers the mRNA into the recipient's cells. Once inside the cytoplasm of a cell, the mRNA provides instructions to the cell's protein production machinery to produce the trans-membrane spike protein antigen that becomes anchored on the cell's external surface. The mRNA does not enter the nucleus of the cell and does not interact with, or alter, human DNA. The immune system is engaged by both the transmembrane spike protein and immune receptors carrying spike antigens to induce humoral and cellular immune responses. The mRNA, lipid nanoparticle, and spike protein are degraded or excreted within days to weeks from time of immunization. mRNA vaccines are not live vaccines and cannot cause infection in the host. [...] Very rare cases of MIS-C or MIS-A have been reported following vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in Canada and internationally among individuals aged 12 years and older. In October 2021, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (EMA-PRAC) issued a statement that there is currently insufficient evidence regarding a possible link between mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and very rare cases of MIS-C or MIS-A.
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2021-08-03): Real-world data show the mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna are 90% effective in preventing COVID-19 infection. Results also suggest just the first dose of the vaccine was 80% effective at doing so 2 weeks after administration. [...] The CDC announces that individuals who are fully vaccinated can travel domestically at low risk to themselves, but should still adhere to COVID-19 precautions such as mask wearing and social distancing. Travel is still not recommended due to rising numbers of cases in the United States. [...] New CDC data show the risk of COVID-19 infection among fully vaccinated individuals is 0.01%. The news comes on the heels of the announcement the United States has fully vaccinated more than half of its adult population. Breakthrough infections can still occur in fully vaccinated individuals, as vaccines are not 100% effective.
Claim: “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” (Anonymous, 2023-04-01)
Evidence (2021-01-20): After vaccination, the mRNA from the vaccine is broken down and removed from the body. [...] - Active substance - andusomeran - davesomeran - elasomeran - imelasomeran - SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 mRNA - International non-proprietary name (INN) or common name - COVID-19 mRNA vaccine - Therapeutic area (MeSH)
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2020-05-03): Multiple published scientific studies, based on genomic and phylogenetic analyses, show that the virus that causes COVID-19 has the strongest genetic similarity to coronaviruses isolated from bats living in the wild, pointing to its natural origin in wildlife. No evidence supports the claim that the COVID-19 outbreak is the result of a bioweapons leak from a Chinese laboratory.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2022-07-26): Covid origin studies say evidence points to Wuhan market - Published Scientists say there is "compelling evidence" that Wuhan's Huanan seafood and wildlife market was at the centre of the Covid-19 outbreak. [...] One of the subjects of a fierce international blame game - primarily between politicians in the US and China - was a theory that the virus could have been leaked from a Wuhan laboratory, the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2024-09-19): The genetic evidence, the new report contends, supports the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 emerged in the same way that SARS-CoV-1 — which sickened people in 2002-2003 but was extinguished before it could cause a full-blown pandemic — is widely believed to have started, from animals sold in a market. The authors contend the world needs to take more aggressive action to shut down the illegal trade in wildlife to lower the risk of another catastrophic pandemic. [...] The natural spillover hypothesis has been challenged by proponents of the "lab leak theory," an umbrella term for a suite of scenarios, many of them involving the Wuhan Institute of Virology. The sprawling institute conducted extensive research on coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1. Proponents of the lab leak theory argue the institute conducted research with lax biosafety protocols. [...] A report from Senate Republicans in 2022 said a "research-related accident" was the "most likely" origin of the pandemic, although it did not rule out a natural origin. "Critical corroborating evidence of a natural zoonotic spillover is missing," the report said.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2021-11-18): Geography has been central to theories about the origin of the virus. Wuhan is home to the Wuhan Institute of Virology, where researchers study and conduct experiments upon coronaviruses that circulate abundantly in bats in central and southern China. The institute has been a focus of those who argue that an accidental leak from one of its research labs is the most likely explanation for the spillover of the virus into humans. [...] "I don’t feel like anything can be concluded with high or even really modest confidence about the exact origin of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, simply because the underlying data are so limited," Bloom said. He contends that genetic evidence from early virus samples points to the market as a superspreader event, but not as the location of the first set of infections. Bloom has been among those sounding alarms about what he feels is overly risky research conducted at the Wuhan Institute of Virology. That research has generated tremendous controversy, with some Republican lawmakers and conservative media figures focusing on funding for some of the experiments, funneled via a nonprofit group, EcoHealth Alliance, from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which is led by President Biden’s chief pandemic medical adviser, Anthony S. Fauci.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2022-02-15): Stephen Goldstein, a postdoctoral researcher in evolutionary virology at the University of Utah and one of the co-authors of the pandemic-origins critical review, considers it "unlikely" that any such work would have gone forward in Wuhan. It would be unusual—even unethical—for a lab in China to pursue experiments that were originally proposed by one of its collaborators in the United States, he told us. Another co-author of the critical review, the Johns Hopkins University microbiology postdoc Alex Crits-Christoph, interprets the proposal as stating that any novel cleavage sites would be inserted into a SARS-CoV-1-like coronavirus. Unless the Wuhan lab had already isolated a SARS-CoV-2-like virus that could carry this insertion—which Crits-Christoph doubts, given that it is not mentioned in the proposal—researchers at the Wuhan Institute of Virology would not have had enough time between early 2018 and the fall of 2019 to construct (and then mistakenly release) the virus at the root of the pandemic. [...] With discussions of the lab-leak hypothesis being how they are, other scientists took a different point of view—one less skeptical of the idea that the experiments could have been carried out in China. Jesse Bloom, a computational biologist and expert in viral evolution at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, in Seattle, calls the timeline "plausible … certainly possible." Chan points to other recent reports that the team at the Wuhan Institute of Virology had already been sampling very close relatives to SARS-CoV-2, and that it was testing, in humanized mice, genetically engineered SARS-like coronaviruses that were more infectious than natural strains. "WIV was fully outfitted to run all these experiments themselves," she says.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2021-01-23): For much of the past year she has met the suggestion that Sars-Cov-2 might have escaped from the Wuhan Institute of Virology with angry denial. [...] Those scientists who argue that the possibility of an accident at the Wuhan Institute of Virology should also be included as part of any investigation are curious about this apparent silence. [...] Prof Shi Zhengli recently told the BBC in an exchange of emails that she'd welcome "any form of visit" by an inquiry team to the Wuhan Institute of Virology to rule out the possibility of a lab leak.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2021-08-25): We had limited time on the ground in Wuhan and a limited mandate. So we prioritized understanding the role of labs in the early days of the epidemic, the overall lab biosafety procedures and potential staff illness or absenteeism owing to respiratory disease in the late part of 2019. We spoke to the leadership and staff at the three Wuhan labs handling coronaviruses: the Wuhan Institute of Virology, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Wuhan, and the Hubei provincial CDC. We reviewed published work from these labs to assess their scientific history of working with coronaviruses related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). [...] In our joint report1, members of both teams concluded unanimously that there was clear evidence of widespread SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Wuhan during December 2019. We reported evidence for earlier emergence but reached no resolution on when, where and how that occurred. We concluded that the Huanan seafood market had a significant role in the early part of the pandemic, and that there were credible links to wild-animal markets to follow up. We agreed that the earliest cases of COVID-19 had probably been missed, as is common for outbreaks of new diseases2.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2022-07-26): Covid origin studies say evidence points to Wuhan market Scientists say there is "compelling evidence" that Wuhan's Huanan seafood and wildlife market was at the centre of the Covid-19 outbreak. [...] One of the subjects of a fierce international blame game - primarily between politicians in the US and China - was a theory that the virus could have been leaked from a Wuhan laboratory, the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2024-09-21): New genetic research points to Wuhan animal market as origin of COVID pandemic, study says [...] The root cause of the pandemic has been hotly debated since its early days. Wuhan is home to a government laboratory where scientists study coronaviruses similar to SARS-CoV-2, a fact that prompted politicians, national security experts, late-night talk show hosts and many scientists — including Worobey — to question whether the virus had leaked from the lab. [...] "These findings suggest some movement of infected animals from southern China to Wuhan, a trade conduit that could have also led to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2," the study authors wrote.
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2024-02-20): Genetic evidence collected by Chinese researchers in January 2020—and finally made public earlier this year—puts raccoon dogs and other wild animals at a market in Wuhan, China, that was the epicenter of many of the earliest human COVID cases. That same evidence puts the COVID-causing virus, SARS-CoV-2, in many of those same market stalls. Experiments have shown raccoon dogs can be infected with and transmit SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, many scientists say, these findings point to a scenario in which the virus jumped to people at the market. But other researchers emphasize this is only circumstantial evidence—although they agree it warrants further investigation—and still leaves open the possibility of a "lab leak" as the start of the pandemic. [...] Bloom, however, points out that lab leak theories rely just as much on circumstantial evidence as natural origin theories do. The main argument for leaks, he says, is proximity-based: "The outbreak started in Wuhan, where there are labs that study SARS-like coronaviruses. There's definitely no direct evidence that any of the labs were studying a virus identical to SARS-CoV-2."
Claim: evidence points to SARS-CoV-2 research being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Steven W. Mosher, 2020-05-03)
Evidence (2022-02-27): Wuhan market was epicentre of pandemic’s start, studies suggest Report authors say that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 jumped to people from animals sold at the market on two occasions in late 2019 — but some scientists want more definitive evidence. [...] Scientists have released three studies that reveal intriguing new clues about how the COVID-19 pandemic started. Two of the reports trace the outbreak back to a massive market that sold live animals, among other goods, in Wuhan, China1,2, and a third suggests that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spilled over from animals — possibly those sold at the market — to humans at least twice in November or December 20193. Posted on 25 and 26 February, all three are preprints, and so have not been published in a peer-reviewed journal.