copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-12): No. The entire Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and the entire Union Territory of Ladakh are an integral part of India. [...] The events that followed this accession led to a part of the state of J&K being occupied by Pakistan and that part is referred to as Pakistan Occupied Kashmir. The majority of the former state of J&K remains a part of the Indian Union. J&K is made up of three regions – Jammu, Ladakh and Kashmir. Jammu and Ladakh regions together represent the majority landmass and remain peaceful and without any unrest. It is only Kashmir valley, which forms a small part of J&K, that is facing unrest. The side occupied by Pakistan is also facing unrest. [...] In early October of 1947, Pakistani armed forces encouraged and supported Pashtun tribesmen from North Western part of Pakistan, known as Razzakars, to move into Srinagar, the capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. What followed was a savage assault on local people and included arson, rape, plunder and killings.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Although there was a clear Muslim majority in Kashmir before the 1947 partition, and its economic, cultural, and geographic contiguity with the Muslim-majority area of the Punjab could be convincingly demonstrated, the political developments during and after the partition resulted in a division of the region. Pakistan was left with territory that, although basically Muslim in character, was thinly populated, relatively inaccessible, and economically underdeveloped. The largest Muslim group, situated in the Vale of Kashmir and estimated to number more than half the population of the entire region, lay in Indian-administered territory, with its former outlets via the Jhelum valley route blocked. [...] A number of movements have variously sought a merger of Kashmir with Pakistan or independence for the region from both India and Pakistan. To contend with these movements and confront Pakistani forces along the cease-fire line, the Indian union government has maintained a strong military presence there, especially since the end of the 1980s. Until 2019 the military presence was also intended to support the administrative integrity of Jammu and Kashmir state from movements seeking Indian union territory status for Buddhist Ladakh.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Elections: With hours to go before the counting of votes begins in Jammu and Kashmir, National Conference chief Farooq Abdullah on Monday (October 7) said that he is open to taking support of Mehbooba Mufti-led PDP to form the government, if needed, in the Union Territory. He mentioned that he has no objection to joining hands with rival PDP while also hoping that its ally Congress would not have any as well. [...] "The statehood should be restored, full statehood, where the government has the power to do things. I will not be the CM. Let this one thing be clear. I have done my chief minister's job. My problem will be how we make a strong government and how we fulfil the agenda that we have put before the people," he said. [...] The five reserved seats are for two women, two Kashmiri migrants and one for refugees from Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 specified that the Lieutenant Governor may nominate two members to the Legislative Assembly to give representation to women, if in his opinion, they are not adequately represented. [...] The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2023, which was cleared by Parliament in December 2023, the Lieutenant Governor may nominate not more than two members, one of whom shall be a woman, from the community of Kashmiri Migrants, to the Assembly. The Bill adds that the Lieutenant Governor may also nominate to the Assembly one member representing displaced persons from Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (POK). [...] Riyaz emphasised the crucial distinction between Jammu and Kashmir's status and that of Puducherry, responding to comparisons between the two regions. "Puducherry was always a Union Territory, while J&K was a state that has been reorganised as a UT," he explained, underscoring the significance of this change.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): The application argues that the failure to restore statehood to Jammu & Kashmir is gravely affecting the rights of the citizens of the Union Territory. It states that the formation of the legislative assembly before the restoration of statehood would violate the idea of federalism, which forms part of the basic structure of the Constitution of India. [...] The application further argues that the conversion of the state of Jammu & Kashmir into two Union Territories has resulted in Jammu & Kashmir being given a lesser form of elected democratic government, which will soon be formed once the assembly election results are declared. It reads that Jammu and Kashmir always had a federal relationship with the Union of India.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Jammu and Kashmir, union territory of India (until October 31, 2019, a state), located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent centered on the plains around Jammu to the south and the Vale of Kashmir to the north. The union territory is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. Legislation passed in August 2019 set the stage for downgrading Jammu and Kashmir from statehood to union territory status and splitting off a part of it, known as the Ladakh region, into a separate union territory. The change went into effect on October 31 of that year. Jammu and Kashmir, formerly one of the largest princely states of India, is bounded to the east by the Indian union territory of Ladakh, to the south by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, to the southwest by Pakistan, and to the northwest by the Pakistani-administered portion of Kashmir. The administrative capitals are Srinagar in summer and Jammu in winter. Area 16,309 square miles (101,387 square km). Pop. (2011) 12,367,013.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-08): Today, Delhi and Islamabad both claim Kashmir in full, but control only parts of it - territories recognised internationally as "Indian-administered Kashmir" and "Pakistan-administered Kashmir". [...] Within Kashmir, opinions about the territory's rightful allegiance are diverse and strongly held. Many do not want it to be governed by India, preferring either independence or union with Pakistan instead. [...] India's parliament has now passed a bill splitting Indian-administered Kashmir into two territories governed directly by Delhi: Jammu and Kashmir, and remote, mountainous Ladakh.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-02-03): Since 1947, India and Pakistan have been locked in conflict over Kashmir, a majority-Muslim region in the northernmost part of India. The mountainous, 86,000-square-mile territory was once a princely state. Now, it is claimed by both India and Pakistan. [...] At the time, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, which had a majority Muslim population, was governed by maharaja Hari Singh, a Hindu. Unlike most of the princely states which aligned themselves with one nation or the other, Singh wanted independence for Kashmir. To avert pressure to join either new nation, the maharaja signed a standstill agreement with Pakistan that allowed citizens of Kashmir to continue trade and travel with the new country. India did not sign a similar standstill agreement with the princely state. As partition-related violence raged across the two new nations, the government of Pakistan pressured Kashmir to join it. Pro-Pakistani rebels, funded by Pakistan, took over much of western Kashmir, and in September 1947, Pashtun tribesmen streamed over the border from Pakistan into Kashmir. Singh asked for India’s help in staving off the invasion, but India responded that, in order to gain military assistance, Kashmir would have to accede to India, thus becoming part of the new country.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-05): Kashmir is a Himalayan region that both India and Pakistan say is fully theirs. The area was once a princely state called Jammu and Kashmir, but it joined India in 1947 soon after the sub-continent was divided up at the end of British rule. [...] The government is also moving to break up the state into two smaller, federally administered territories. One region will combine Muslim-majority Kashmir and Hindu-majority Jammu. The other is Buddhist-majority Ladakh, which is culturally and historically close to Tibet.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-19): The population of historic Kashmir is divided into about 10 million people in Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir and 4.5 million in Pakistani-administered Kashmir. There are a further 1.8 million people in the Gilgit-Baltistan autonomous territory, which Pakistan created from northern Kashmir and the two small princely states of Hunza and Nagar in 1970. [...] 1949 - Kashmir is partitioned between India and Pakistan, with a ceasefire line agreed. [...] Rise of Kashmiri nationalism: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front is founded with the aim of forming an independent state through the reunification of Indian-administered and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-07): The Indian government has inflamed its decades-long dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir, a mountainous region claimed by both countries. On Monday, New Delhi revoked a section of its constitution that granted the India-controlled part of Kashmir some autonomy, prompting protests and heightening the risk of conflict between the nuclear-armed rivals. [...] Kashmir, a Muslim-majority region, has been claimed by both Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan since the end of British colonial rule in 1947. The region is now separated by the 450-mile Line of Control, with hundreds of thousands of troops stationed there. Disputes over Kashmir’s status have fueled three wars and periodic bouts of violence. Kashmiri separatist groups, who have long resisted India’s control, exacerbate those tensions. China also claims a small part of the region. The India-controlled part, which makes up about 45 percent of Kashmir, has been officially recognized by New Delhi as the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Home to more than twelve million people, roughly 1 percent of India’s population, it is the country’s only Muslim-majority state. India’s constitution—specifically Article 370—for the past seventy years allowed the state to make its own laws. It also effectively banned nonresidents from buying property and working in local government.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Kashmir (/ˈkæʃmɪər/ KASH-meer or /kæʃˈmɪər/ kash-MEER) is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. The term has since come to encompass a larger area that includes the India-administered territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, the Pakistan-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and the Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract.[1][2][3] [...] The Government of India and Indian sources refer to the territory under Pakistan control as "Pakistan-occupied Kashmir" ("POK").[17][18] The Government of Pakistan and Pakistani sources refer to the portion of Kashmir administered by India as "Indian-occupied Kashmir" ("IOK") or "Indian-held Kashmir" (IHK);[19][20] The terms "Pakistan-administered Kashmir" and "India-administered Kashmir" are often used by neutral sources for the parts of the Kashmir region controlled by each country.[21] [...] - ^ Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5, archived from the original on 17 January 2023, retrieved 18 December 2021 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Jammu and Kashmir, Union territory (pop., 2011: 12,367,013), northern India. With an area of 39,146 sq mi (101,387 sq km), it occupies the southern portion of the Kashmir region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent and is bordered by Pakistan, by the portion of Kashmir administered by that country, and by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab as well as the union territory of Ladakh. The land is predominantly mountainous and includes segments of the Karakoram and Himalaya ranges. There are two major lowland areas: the plains of the Jammu region and the fertile and heavily populated Vale of Kashmir. The majority of the union territory’s people are Muslims, although Hindus predominate in the southeastern Jammu area. Formerly a princely state, Jammu and Kashmir became an Indian state in 1947, even as India and Pakistan were fighting for control of the entire Kashmir region. In 2019 it was downgraded to a union territory, and the eastern Ladakh region became a separate union territory.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-20): The Indian-administered part of the majority-Muslim region, known as Jammu and Kashmir had its special status within the constitution revoked by the Indian Government on 5 August, placing it under tighter central control. Pakistan has argued that the move violates international law. [...] "The position of the United Nations on this region is governed by the Charter...and applicable Security Council resolutions", said the statement. "The Secretary-General also recalls the 1972 Agreement on bilateral relations between India and Pakistan also known as the Simla Agreement, which states that the final status of Jammu and Kashmir is to be settled by peaceful means", in accordance with the UN Charter. [...] She said that "as far as my country is concerned, we stand ready for a peaceful settlement of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. I think today’s meeting nullifies India’s claim that Jammu and Kashmir is an internal matter for India. Today the whole world is discussing the occupied state and the situation there."
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The first group of United Nations military observers arrived in the mission area on 24 January of 1949 to supervise the ceasefire between India and Pakistan in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. These observers, under the command of the Military Adviser appointed by the UN Secretary-General, formed the nucleus of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP). Following renewed hostilities of 1971, UNMOGIP has remained in the area to observe developments pertaining to the strict observance of the ceasefire of 17 December 1971 and report thereon to the Secretary-General.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-04-01): Indoor radon concentration levels, gamma dose rates and impact of geology – A case study in Kotli, State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, sub-Himalayas, in Pakistan 1 [...] Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir [...] Key words: Indoor radon / gamma dose rate / CN-85 / geology / Kotli / Azad Jammu and Kashmir © EDP Sciences, 2012
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-12-08): On August 5, 2019, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) announced the revocation of Articles 370 and 35-A from the country’s constitution. These two connected pieces of legislation grant the state of Jammu and Kashmir—the Indian-controlled portion of the overall Kashmir region—special semi-autonomous status. Scrapping these provisions will have significant implications for Jammu and Kashmir’s Muslim-majority citizenry, grave ramifications for already tense India-Pakistan relations, and could lead to violence in the region. [...] A1: When the subcontinent gained independence from British colonial rule in 1947 and separated into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan, the status of Kashmir became a point of tension between the two countries, both of whom wanted Kashmir within their freshly drawn borders. The ruling Hindu maharaja of Muslim-majority Kashmir initially declared Kashmir an independent princely state, but upon a threat of Pakistani takeover, eventually acceded to joining India under certain conditions of autonomy granted to the region.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-17): India believes that the accession of Jammu and Kashmir is final, and any unfinished business regarding partition of the greater Kashmir region only concerns areas occupied by Pakistan. Reorganizing Jammu and Kashmir made no territorial changes, but sought to more closely integrate the state with the rest of India. Therefore, for India, the dispute between India and Pakistan remains unchanged. [...] To India, Islamabad’s objections to the move ring hollow. Over the years, Pakistan has unilaterally changed the status of other territories it occupies in the greater Kashmir region, namely Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Just last year, Pakistan changed the structure of Azad Kashmir’s government. India protested the change. But, unlike Pakistani Prime Minister Khan’s warning of a heightened risk of war and terrorism following the August 5 decision, India did not resort to threats over Azad Kashmir. [...] Prime Minister Narenda Modi’s government’s decision will have far reaching consequences for Pakistan-India relations and regional peace and security. Islamabad says that increased repression and human rights violations by Indian forces in Indian Occupied Kashmir will breed violence, fuel indigenous uprising, and further generate tension with Pakistan. Yet, since August 5, India has mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops, detained thousands of Kashmiris, and imposed a curfew resulting in food and medicine shortages. In Islamabad’s eyes, the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir has become a garrison area.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-02): The territorial dispute over the Jammu and Kashmir region began when the maharaja (local ruler), Hari Singh, decided to join India although the region was classified as Muslim majority. As a result of Hari Singh’s engagement with India, a war erupted between India and Pakistan. Soon thereafter, the United Nations recommended holding a plebiscite to settle the dispute of whether the Jammu and Kashmir region would join India or Pakistan. [...] Pakistan is fighting for control of the Jammu and Kashmir region, nearly 40% of which is currently under their control. Pakistan has a majority Muslim population which has continued to fight for its own land and recognition within Kashmir. It has also continued to grow its relationship with the U.S. [...] Kashmir becomes a disputed territory and Pakistani troops invade the region. India accepts the accession of Jammu and Kashmir, provisional until a plebiscite is held.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-11-16): Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir - Avoid all travel [...] The security situation along the border with Pakistan, especially along the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh from Pakistan-administered Kashmir, remains volatile. Cross-border gunfire and shelling are occurring sporadically along the LoC. The presence of landmines and unexploded ordnance also constitute a risk. [...] - the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir - the State of Manipur - the State of Assam - areas of East India where Naxalites groups are active
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-13): Official Spokesperson’s response to media queries on references to Jammu & Kashmir in the China-Pakistan Joint Statement In response to media queries on references to Jammu & Kashmir in the China-Pakistan Joint Statement, the Official Spokesperson, Shri Randhir Jaiswal said: "We have noted unwarranted references to the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir in the joint statement between China and Pakistan of 07 June 2024. We categorically reject such references. Our position on the issue is consistent and well known to the concerned parties. The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Union Territory of Ladakh have been, are and will always remain integral and inalienable parts of India. No other country has the locus standi to comment on the same.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-02-09): In early February 2016, the Islamic State announced its intention to expand into Kashmir as part of its broader Khorasan branch.1 One of the causes of concern associated with the spread of the Islamic State affiliate in Jammu and Kashmir (ISJK) is the existing instability within the region due to the controversial Line of Control (LoC) that divides the region into Indian and Pakistani controlled areas. The highly militarized Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) region constitutes a long-running territorial dispute between India and Pakistan, which has triggered at least three wars. The region also hosts three prominent militant groups—the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM), Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), and Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM)—which historically have been linked to elements of the Pakistani state and largely favor Pakistan. If successful, an Islamic State-inspired movement may have severe negative consequences in the already volatile environment of Jammu and Kashmir, such as increased rivalry amongst militant groups and sectarian violence. This would not only exacerbate Pakistan’s current instability but also antagonize relations between the two nuclear-armed countries.
Claim: Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan (Jammu and Kashmir, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-18): Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LT), meaning Army of the Righteous or Army of the Pure, is a Pakistan-based Sunni militant group formed in the early 1990s as the military wing of a Pakistan-based Sunni fundamentalist organization established in the 1980s to oppose the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. Since its formation, LT has focused on attacking Indian targets in India-administered Jammu and Kashmir with the goal of annexing the disputed Kashmir territory to Pakistan. LT seeks to ultimately establish an Islamic caliphate throughout South Asia. [...] Uri Base, Jammu and Kashmir, India [...] Jammu and Kashmir, India