copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-07-30): The Croatian government intends to submit to the parliamentary procedure the agreement from 1999, according to which Croatia cedes to Bosnia and Herzegovina the tip of the Klek peninsula and Veliki and Mali Školj, two small islands in the Maloston Bay. [...] Veliki and Mali Skolj in the Maloston and Neum bays should belong to Bosnia and Herzegovina, but Croatia must have the opportunity to connect its territory in an appropriate manner, Lagumdžija told "Dnevni avaz" about the talks on the subject, as reported by Croatian media. [...] Lagumdžija dismissed the possibility that BiH and Croatia would "trade" the Pelješki bridge in exchange for the Veliki and Mali Školj and the tip of the Kleka peninsula, stressing that "something like that might be appropriate for the market, but not for the relations between the two countries."
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-28): As things stand now, persons wanting to travel by car from northern part of Croatia into Dubrovnik, Peljesac Peninsula, the islands of Mljet, Vis, Lastovo, Korcula etc must enter Bosnia and Herzegovina and 5 kilometers later re-enter Croatia. And vice versa! [...] Along come new complications in the past few weeks. Bosnia and Herzegovina are disputing the border around the area where the bridge is to be built. I.e., a document purporting to represent an agreement between dr Franjo Tudjman (President of Croatia) and Alija Izetbegovic (Bosniak member of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Presidency) in 1999. This is a border agreement with which Croatia reportedly transfers to Bosnia and Herzegovina the tip of the Klek peninsula and two tiny islets Mali and Veliki Skoj near the proposed Peljesac bridge site. The Milanovic government decided recently to pass the agreement for ratification in Parliament, thus causing fiery disputes in Croatia’s public domain, which grew into delicate attacks between President Ivo Josipovic and the government, stirring the spirits among experts too. The document is reportedly ratified by the lower chamber of Bosnia’s parliament and whether it will be ratified in the Croatian parliament is yet to be seen. There are new calls against possible swift ratification, including comments by Tomislav Karamarko, leader of HDZ opposition, that late President Tudjman was very ill at the time in 1999 and may not have been fully informed or aware of implications of the so-called agreement.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-12-20): - Treskavica - Troglav (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The Bosnia and Herzegovina coastal strip of Neum cuts off the southernmost Croatian exclave from the rest of Croatia. This is a result of the Treaty of Karlowitz of 1699. Since 1991 and the breakup of Yugoslavia, the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Neum region have been international borders.[3] [...] Border crossings [edit]Neum has two border crossing checkpoints with Croatia on the European route E65 or Adriatic Highway which connects the two parts of Croatia's Dalmatian coast. Neum 1 is located to the northwest of the city, with the Klek border checkpoint on the Croatian side. Neum 2 is located to the southeast, with the Croatian border checkpoint at Zaton Doli. [...] In 1918, as a consequence of Austro-Hungarian defeat, Neum joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes which would become the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. Under the Karađorđević dynasty, the Yugoslav Government ignored the historical borders twice: in 1929, when the Neum area was included in the Littoral Banovina, and in 1939 when, following the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, it was included in the Banovina of Croatia. Josip Broz Tito's federal Yugoslavia was founded on the principle, declared at the 1943 AVNOJ session in Jajce and comparatively well-respected by the Đilas commission in 1945, of establishing the federative republics in their borders of 1878, which is why the Neum enclave is now part of independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, including most of Klek (Ponta Kleka, Rep Kleka), the two islets Veliki and Mali Školj and the rock of Lopata in the Bay of Klek.[8]
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-20): The Neum Agreement is an unimplemented treaty between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina granting free passage of Croatian transit traffic between parts of the territory of Dubrovnik-Neretva County. So from the area around the city of Dubrovnik to the rest of the county, thus forming a pene-exclave within the Dubrovnik-Neretva County at the municipality of Neum. [...] Currently[timeframe?] the Klek/Neum 1 and Neum 2/Zaton Doli border crossings on the D8 state road are open to international road traffic, whereas Vukov Klanac and Imotica border checkpoints are open to local traffic only.[3] The Peljasec peninsula, utilising the Peljasec bridge, forms an alternative route since the peninsula is part of Croatia. [...] References [edit]- ^ "Neum Agreement, May 1996" (PDF). Technical annex on a proposed loan to the Republic of Croatia for an emergency transport and mine clearing project. World Bank. 15 October 1996. pp. 45–47. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Neum is a city, a tourist settlement and the only municipal centre on the Adriatic coast located on the rugged coastal area along the main road between Dubrovnik (70 km) and Makarska (80 km). [...] The authentic Herzegovinian cuisine and different seafood, fish, crab and shellfish specialties make up only a small portion of the rich gastronomic offer found in fhe hotels ("Sunce","Neum", "Zenit", "Stella") as well as in the other family hotels and motels. The hinterland of Neurn, with plenty of olive plantations and vineyards, is an ideal place for those who enjoy agro-tourism. The traditional Croatian music festival "Efhno festival Neum" takes place every summer. in fhe second half of fhe August, in Neum. There is a modern sport centre in Neum, suitable for football teams training preparations in the winter period. The Museum/Gallery with numerous paintings is also very active in Neum.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-11): This is Bosnia and Herzegovina’s coastline. All 20 kilometers of it belongs to the town and municipality of Neum. Being the country's only access to the Adriatic Sea, Neum is a popular tourists destination and there are lots of beach resorts here. Neum actually punctures the long Croatian arm cutting off its southernmost territory from the rest of Croatia. This part of Croatia is a pretty big tourist destination itself. The beautiful walled, mediaeval city of Dubrovnik is located here. [...] Dubrovnik found itself in the middle of a war it had nothing to do with it. Being a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, Dubrovnik feared that the Ottoman’s enemies might try to attack their city. So in order to shield itself from an attack from The Holy League, Dubrovnik literally distanced itself from the rest of Dalmatia by seceding a small piece of land by the Adriatic Sea—the land we now know as Neum—to the Ottoman Empire. Now to get to Dubrovnik, Ottoman’s enemies would have to cross over this small territory belonging to the powerful Ottoman Empire. [...] The Adriatic coast at Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Photo credit: Chris Goldberg/Flickr
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-04): The Peljesac Bridge is finally complete and open! (It opened in July 2022.) Bypassing the need to drive through that part of Bosnia & Hercegovina (often referred to as the Neum Corridor) when travelling from Split to Dubrovnik or vice versa, the bridge certainly makes travel along the coastline easier for many visitors to Croatia. Here are all the details about this new bridge. [...] Anyone who’s travelled by road from Split to Dubrovnik (or vice versa) ever since Croatia gained independence in 1991 will have experienced the fun that is the Neum Corridor, the tiny sliver of Bosnia and Hercegovina that cuts off the southernmost part of Dalmatia from the rest of the country. [...] In addition, Croatia joined the Schengen Zone in 2023 which meant the country had to enact stricter border controls with its non-Schengen neighbours as "the last" border of the Schengen Zone in this part of southern Europe. Travelling through the Neum Corridor now means more border checks, lengthening transit time. The existence of the Peljesac Bridge avoids this.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-17): Neum [edit]The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum in the south makes the southernmost part of Croatia (Dubrovnik–Neretva County) an exclave. In 1999, a border agreement between former Croatian President Franjo Tuđman and President of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović moved the Croatia – Bosnia and Herzegovina border near Neum from the very coast (during SFR Yugoslavia era and confirmed by the Badinter Arbitration Committee) further into the sea waters of the Mali Ston Bay, placing two Croatian islands (Mali and Veliki Škoj, incidentally translated into English as Little and Big Island) under Bosnia-Herzegovina sovereignty. Six years later, the Croatian government called for the ratification of this agreement; however, as of 2007, it was not ratified.[18][19] The two countries negotiated Neum Agreement and Ploče Agreement defining special arrangements for Croatian transit traffic through Neum and Bosnia and Herzegovina access to the port of Ploče to compensate for non-contiguity of Croatian territory between Ploče and Dubrovnik and lack of a seaport in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[20][21] [...] - ^ "Neum Agreement, May 1996" (PDF). Technical annex on a proposed loan to the Republic of Croatia for an emergency transport and mine clearing project. World Bank. 15 October 1996. pp. 45–47. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-24): July 24, 2020 – Crossing the Neum border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the corona era has a slightly different procedure. [...] One of the most-asked questions every summer is from tourists wanting to travel between Split and Dubrovnik, and what happens at the Neum Corridor, the 23-km coastal strip, sometimes called the Bosnian Riviera, which divides Dubrovnik and southern Dalmatia from the rest of Croatia? With Croatia now in the EU and on the brink of joining the Schengen zone, it means that a journey between Dalmatia’s most popular tourism cities entails leaving the EU for about 20 minutes, before reentering Croatia at the Neum border. [...] The Neum border is currently ONLY available for transit passengers. As such, you can travel on an ID, but your stay in BiH is timed. You have an hour to cross the 23 km. Your journey is timed, and if you take more than an hour, you will have problems as you try and reenter Croatia.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-18): Croatia’s new €420 million bridge has finally connected the mainland to the Pelješac peninsula, here’s what you should do when you visit. [...] Travelling around them is now even easier thanks to the Pelješac bridge. Unveiled in July this year, the €420 million bridge links Split and Dubrovnik, finally bypassing the need to travel over the border into Bosnia and Herzegovina. Previously, if you wanted to drive to Dubrovnik, you had to travel through the Neum Corridor, a small stretch of territory that cuts Croatia in half.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-24): Neum Beach is nestled in the picturesque town of Neum, Croatia, offering a charming stretch of coastline along the clear Adriatic Sea. This delightful beach spans several kilometers, boasting a captivating vista with its light-colored sand that gently slopes into the turquoise waters. Visitors to Neum Beach can indulge in a variety of activities, including swimming, sunbathing, beach volleyball, and taking leisurely walks along the shore. Despite its attractions, Neum Beach has few amenities, so plan your trip accordingly, although it does have lifeguards on duty to ensure the safety of all beachgoers. [...] Fun fact about Neum Beach: it is the only beach in Bosnia and Herzegovina with direct access to the Adriatic Sea, making it a unique coastal gem in the country. This geographical rarity is due to Neum's position along a narrow corridor of Bosnian territory that intersects the Croatian coastline, providing Bosnia and Herzegovina with its only slice of maritime bliss. This peculiar arrangement has historical roots and has made Neum an interesting spot for both tourists and geography enthusiasts alike. Attractions in and around Neum Beach are diverse and cater to a variety of interests. Beyond the beach itself, visitors can explore the quaint streets of Neum, dotted with charming shops and cafés. For those looking to delve into the natural beauty of the area, nearby hiking trails offer breathtaking views of the Adriatic coast and surrounding landscapes. Additionally, the proximity of Neum to the historic city of Dubrovnik and the Kravica Waterfalls in Herzegovina presents tourists with easy day-trip options, allowing for a deeper exploration of the region's cultural and natural treasures.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-21): Neum itself has a tiny population of just under 5,000 people, 97.64% of whom are Croats. [...] - Yugoslav Federation and the Breakup: During Yugoslavia’s existence, the Neum Strip was administratively part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Bosnia and Herzegovina became an independent country and retained the Neum corridor as its only access to the sea. The Neum Strip gives Bosnia and Herzegovina its only coastline, although it is quite limited in terms of port access or economic use. The strip divides the Croatian coastline into two parts, complicating transportation between the northern and southern parts of Croatia, particularly to the popular tourist destination of Dubrovnik.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-19): What exactly is the Neum Corridor, and how different is it from Croatia? It is a corridor that makes up the city of Neum and its surroundings, and according to the population census, 97% are Croats, and the same number are Roman Catholics. Despite this ethnic, religious, and linguistic closeness, the Neum area belongs to Bosnia, though it does not have the strong fiscal and monetary controls of the Bosnian state, allowing opportunities for cheaper products. [...] Thus, Dubrovnik gave a part of its territory (the area of Neum Corridor) to the then-Ottoman Empire so that it would act as a "buffer zone" between the territories of the two rivals. Dubrovnik had a good relationship with the Ottomans due to the development of trade in the interior. Centuries passed, and the city-states disappeared. Yet the Neum Corridor remained connected to states on the territory of today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Austro-Hungarian and Yugoslav rule, the Neum Corridor administratively divided Croatia’s Dalmatian region into two parts within the same state. [...] The Neum Corridor has divided Croatian territories for centuries, and its creation hides a complex story about interstate relations along the Adriatic coast at the time. After the construction of the bridge, the crowds at its borders have decreased, but there are still interested tourists and travelers who are happy to pass through Neum Corridor and stop at least for a cheaper lunch or fill up with cheaper fuel.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-02): Pelješac bridge is a 2 kilometer long bridge connecting Pelješac peninsula with the rest of Croatia. Prior to summer of 2022 if you wanted to travel from Split to Dubrovnik you had no choice but to take the Neum border crossing and enter into Bosnia and Heregovina. [...] Neom Corridor is a 9 km long stretch of Bosnia-Herzegovina territory that stands between Central and South Dalmatia. [...] Neum agreement was signed in 1998 between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The agreement guarantees a free passage from the port of Ploce and through the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-04): This geographical anomaly is known and called the Neum Corridor. Croatia’s split coastline had roots in the past when empires clashed, and their borders were drawn again. It was an agreement called the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 that left Croatia with a coastline divided by a foreign land. [...] The Neum Corridor, a thin strip of territory belonging to Bosnia and Herzegovina that divides the Croatian shoreline into two pieces, was one of the Treaty’s most significant effects. [...] The Neum Corridor has left an indelible mark on Croatia’s landscape and transportation infrastructure.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): Neum is a resort town on the 9 km strip of Adriatic coast that belongs to Bosnia and Herzegovina. In other contexts this country is often loosely referred to as "Bosnia", but Neum is specifically part of Herzegovina. That entity is undefined and contentious so on this page the country is abbreviated to BiH. In 2013 the Neum strip had a population of 4653, most of them in the town itself. Understand [edit]Neum shouldn't be the only place you visit in fascinating BiH, but for most it will be. That's because its territory separates Dubrovnik from the rest of Croatia, so any visitor who takes this route has to briefly exit not only Croatia but the EU, then re-enter; then do the same when their excursion returns north. Traffic tail-backs have been common, and there may be other complications, outlined below. [...] - Etnofest Neum is a traditional Croatian music festival held in mid-August.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-30): Despite its small size, Neum holds significant importance for the country as Bosnia-Herzegovina's sole exit point to the Adriatic Sea. Although located within Bosnia-Herzegovina's borders, Neum is predominantly inhabited by Croats, with a minority of Serbs and Bosniaks. Neum's status as a corridor between two countries dates back in history. In the 17th century, to prevent attacks by the Venetians, the Republic of Ragusa handed over this area to the Ottoman Empire, effectively creating a buffer zone for themselves. By doing so, they ensured the presence of a strong Ottoman Empire to confront the Venetians' potential attacks, thus securing their safety. In contemporary times, although Croatia sought to acquire Neum, with the intervention of Bosnia-Herzegovina's heroic leader, Alija Izetbegovic, Neum remained part of Bosnia-Herzegovina under the Dayton Peace Agreement. Today, as part of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Neum, with its approximately 21 kilometers (13 miles) of coastline, is an attractive destination for both local and foreign tourists, offering a wonderful alternative for a summer vacation. [...] Considering my previous article, it's worth mentioning that this summer, there are unique beauties awaiting discovery along the Adriatic coast. Neum, the only gateway of Bosnia-Herzegovina to the Adriatic, located just a short distance from Croatia's famous coastline, can add a surprise alternative to your holiday plans. Throughout history, Neum has served as a strategic corridor, but today, it will enchant you with its serene and peaceful atmosphere, ideal for families with children, and its historical touches.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-22): Neum is a holiday resort town, though you have to be prepared to cut it some slack. There is not much on the cultural ‘to do’ list, but there is plenty of fun and sun to be had. Besides swimming and sunbathing, there are boats for hire at several places on the beach, and from Neum, you can jump on the excursion boats that travel up and down the Adriatic coastline. [...] It may seem confusing when you look at the map of Neum, and note its position relative to Croatia: the only land connection Neum has to Bosnia and Herzegovina is through the hinterland towards Hutovo where a narrow two-lane road winds through the hills. To go to Neum via the main coastal road you must first enter Croatia (at the Metković border crossing if coming from Mostar), then re-enter BiH after the tourist settlement of Klek. Neum is 8km from the border crossing. Some 22km later and you’ll be crossing back into Croatia heading towards Dubrovnik. It may sound baffling, or at the very least impractical, but it’s the unique situation.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-22): Neum is resort town in Bosnia and Herzegovina located on Adriatic sea coast. It is, in fact, the only seaside resort in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All motor traffic between the Croatian towns of Ploče in the north and Dubrovnik in the south passes what has been known as the Neum corridor, a 9 km long stretch of Bosnia-Herzegovinian territory. Sometimes your passports are checked, sometimes not. Around 92% of the population is ethnically Croatian. With its long and warm summers, and short and mild winters, Neum is considered to be one of the coastal towns which has the greatest number of sunny days in the year. Neum is located 60 km from Dubrovnik, 80 km from Dubrovnik International Airport, 70 km from Korčula, 70 km from Mostar, and Međugorje and 30 km from the border towns with Croatia and BiH, Ploče and Metković. The geographical position of Neum is very convenient for tourists, because of its proximity to the major tourism destinations in neighbouring Croatia.Considering that the price of accommodation and food in Neum is much lower than in nearby destinations in Croatia, Neum is very popular with travelers who prefer good value for their money. Dubrovnik International Airport is only 85 km away from Neum, and there are regular bus lines from Dubrovnik to Neum (along with multiple buses to Mostar and Sarajevo); additionally, most of the hotels and some of the private accommodation in Neum are available to book on line.
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-12-09): Jacques Klein regarding Bosnian use of the Port of Ploce and Croatian transit through Neum. The agreement is fully consistent with the 1994 Washington Agreement and the Dayton Peace Accords and represents an important step toward their full implementation. [...] The Neum corridor is a small portion of Bosnia and Herzegovina that physically separates two parts of Croatia. Without full and unimpeded access through this corridor, the historic city of Dubrovnik, now one of Croatia's key tourist areas, would have been cut off from the rest of the country. Restoring access to the users of the Port of Ploce and those transiting Neum was critical for both countries. [...] While presenting economic opportunity for Bosnia and Herzegovina and respecting Croatia's sovereignty and territorial integrity, the Ploce/Neum Agreement also represents an effort by both countries to put aside the mistrust of the past and look to a new era of economic cooperation. Croatian President Tudjman and Bosnian
Claim: Neum is a territory of Croatia (Neum, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-05-03): ‘Area of Dubrovnik’ means Dubrovnik and its surrounding area in the territory of Croatia which is separated by the Neum corridor from the mainland territory of Croatia; [...] ‘Neum Corridor’ means the area which is a part of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina that separates the area of Dubrovnik from the mainland territory of Croatia; [...] ‘Re-entry’ means the entry of goods into the area of Dubrovnik from the mainland territory of Croatia through the Neum Corridor, or into the mainland territory of Croatia from the area of Dubrovnik through the Neum Corridor.