copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-12): Located in South West of Paro and covering an area of roughly 1706 sq. km, Haa is one of the smallest Dzongkhag in the country. This tiny region is one of the most beautiful and isolated areas in the kingdom, adorned with pristine alpine forests and tranquil mountain peaks. [...] Haa is home to a number of nomadic herders and hosts an annual Summer Festival that showcases their unique lifestyle and culture. The festival is an ideal occasion to immerse yourself into the traditions and unchanged lifestyles of nomadic Bhutanese herders, as well as to sample some delectable Haapi cuisine. Haa’s major feature is the Haa Valley, a steep north-south valley with a narrow floor. The name Haa, connotes esoteric hiddenness. An alternative name for the district is "Hidden-Land Rice Valley."The main crops grown in the valley are rice, wheat and barley. Other cash crops such as potatoes, apples and chilli’s are also grown by farmers on the valley floor, along terraced hillsides and in some of the more accessible side valleys. The region comprises of the Torsa Strict Nature Reserve, one of the environmentally protected areas of Bhutan. It occupies a substantial proportion of Bji and Sangbay gewogs but there are no inhabitants in the Reserve. Torsa is connected to the Jigme Dorji National Park via a biological corridor, cutting across the northeastern half of Haa District.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-03-28): Appearance 27°15′N 89°10′E / 27.250°N 89.167°E Haa District is one of the 20 districts in Bhutan. The administrative centre is Ha. [...] 27°15′N 89°10′E / 27.250°N 89.167°E / 27.250; 89.167
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): 5 Facts about Haa - Haa is a picturesque district located in western Bhutan. [...] - Haa is home to several important monasteries and religious sites, including the famous Lhakhang Karpo (White Temple) and Lhakhang Nagpo (Black Temple). [...] - Location: Haa Valley, Bhutan - Best Time to Visit: March to May, and September to November - Famous For: Pristine nature, wildlife encounters, and guided hikes 10. Haa Wangchuck Lo Dzong
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Haa district lies along with western border of Bhutan, bounded by Tibet to the northwest, to southwest bounded by Samtse district, to the southeast by Chukha district and to the northeast by Paro district. Historically, it used to be one of the main trade route to Sikkim, India and Chumbi valley in Tibet. Haa’s major feature is the Haa valley, a steep north-south valley with a narrow floor. Also known as ‘Hidden-Land Rice Valley’, it is one of the most beautiful and isolated areas in Bhutan, adorned with pristine alpine forests and majestic mountain peaks. The vegetation in the district varies from broad leaved forests in the southern part to coniferous and sub-alpine vegetation in the central and alpine vegetation in the highland. The region comprises of the Toorsa strict nature reserve, one of the environmentally protected area of Bhutan. The altitude in Haa district ranges from 2000 – 5000 meters and over 250 species of plants including the blue poppy (the National flower of Bhutan) and white poppy (Mecopnopsis Superba) which is endemic to Haa, thrive here. Many endangered animal species like the Bengal tiger, the elusive snow leopard, the Himalayan black bear, Himalayan musk deer, blue sheep, grey Langurs and the Himalayan marmots make the Haa district home. Over 45 different bird species have been identified here including chestnut-breasted partridges, wood snipe, Rufous-necked hornbill, Himalayan Monal, and satyr tragopan.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): India's Sikkim state lies to the west of the Dongkya range, the western shoulder of the Doklam plateau and the 'southwest spur' issuing from Mount Gipmochi. This spur is cut by the Dichu river (also called Jaldhaka) which originates below the Jelep La pass and enters Bhutan. The 'southeast spur', called Zompelri ridge, separates Bhutan's Haa District (to the north) from the Samtse (to the south). [...] According to Sikkimese tradition, when the Kingdom of Sikkim was founded in 1642, it included all the areas surrounding the Doklam plateau: the Chumbi Valley to the north, the Haa Valley to the east as well as the Darjeeling and Kalimpong areas to the southwest. During the 18th century, Sikkim faced repeated raids from Bhutan and these areas often changed hands. After a Bhutanese attack in 1780, a settlement was reached, which resulted in the transfer of the Haa valley and the Kalimpong area to Bhutan. The Doklam plateau sandwiched between these regions is likely to have been part of these territories. The Chumbi Valley was still said to have been under the control of Sikkim at this point.[36][37]
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-01): Please copy/paste the following html code inside your page: <iframe style="height: 100%; border:none; width: 100%;min-height: 400px;" src="https://bhutan.eregulations.org/procedure/433/step/3259?embed=true&includeSearch=true"></iframe> <iframe style="height: 100%; border:none; width: 100%;min-height: 400px;" src="https://bhutan.eregulations.org/EmbedSearch?l=en&embed=true&includeSearch=true"></iframe>
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-07): By law, forcing others to follow or renounce a religion or belief is prohibited. [...] On March 19, state media reported that Gia Lai police, in association with the Ministry of Public Security, detained Kunh, Lup, and Jur who were ethnic minorities belonging to the Catholic "Ha Mon" group founded in Kon Tum in 1999. Authorities had labeled the Ha Mon group an "evil-way religion" due to its alleged association with FULRO. All three were released in June. [...] State-run media and progovernment websites sometimes equated particular Christian denominations and other religious groups, often ones associated with ethnic groups such as the Vang Chu H’Mong in the Northwest Highlands, Ha Mon Catholics and Degar Montagnard Protestants in the Central Highlands, and Khmers Krom in the southwestern region, with separatist movements, blaming them for political, economic, and social problems.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): In the highlands of Haa, in the far western region of the country, a pastoral district exists called Shokuna, which is encompassed by the Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve. The area is predominantly used during the monsoon season (June-September), which provides the warmest temperatures in the year allowing herds to access higher altitude grasses. Traditional forms of land allocation persist despite the dramatic decrease of herders and herd size. Prime pastures are redistributed every five years through ritual dice casting (sho), with the champion claiming first choice of the area's resources. This communal decision-making and use of land are indicative of the community relations that the herders in the region share. Modern policies stipulating land rights are not required and would likely disrupt social relations. As Rowbotham comments in regards to land tenure, "people simply cannot be expected to adhere to traditional cultures and values if the link between land, labour and community is drastically or rapidly altered" (2004: 187). To date, the Forest-Park staff that monitor the region have largely respected these traditional practices. [...] Tshewang P.. History of Has(Ha) Valley Journal of Bhutan Studies. 2001;5:50–56
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-26): In September, the Ministry of Home Affairs ordered local authorities to take measures to "eliminate" the World Mission Society Church of God due to what it stated were legal violations. [...] Several religious leaders said authorities sometimes solicited bribes to facilitate approval of applications. [...] State-run media and progovernment websites sometimes equated certain Christian denominations and other religious groups, often ones associated with ethnic groups such as the Vang Chu H’mong, Ba Co Do (God Loving Us), An Dien Cuu Roi (Salvation Grace) in the Northwest Highlands, Ha Mon Catholics, Degar Protestants, Evangelical Church of Christ (Tin lanh Dang Christ) in the Central Highlands, and Khmer Krom in the southwestern region, with separatist movements, blaming them for political, economic, and social problems.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-20): In this context, we see the use of the key pillar of recent Bhutanese diplomacy -careful use of silence to de-escalate border tensions. The use of this form of diplomacy became especially clear during the 2017 Doklam crisis . The crisis was exacerbated by the tri-junction tussle that is demarcated by the Tibet’s Chumbi Valley to the north, Bhutan’s Haa Valley to the east, and India’s Sikkim state to the west. Haa is strategically important for India because the IMTRAT (Indian Military Training Teams) has its base in the Haa town. India and China have primarily struggled on the issue of where the tri-junction lies . [...] This new claim by China has been vehemently been rejected by Bhutanese government that has pointed out that the area has never featured in 24 previous rounds of boundary talks. [...] - Claim to more than 10 percent of sovereign Bhutanese territory may be primarily to coerce Thimphu into making concessions in other areas, such as Doklam, on terms favourable to China. Also, Chinese pressure on Bhutan may be designed to test the relationship between New Delhi and Thimphu.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-31): The festival is a 2-day annual event held every fall. The RHF begins with Buelwa (a traditional gift offering) and Auley (traditional epic poem/song recitation). This is a testament to the loyalty and respect of the Laya community for the dynamic and visionary leadership of the Bhutanese monarchs. People from all groups, including representatives of highland communities and tourists, gather in Laya to celebrate the festival. The festival introduces the yak-based life, the presence of a unique nomadic culture, and a peaceful environment. Government agencies involved in the RHF organization are the Gasa Administration, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest, and His Majesty’s Secretariat. RHF’s main attractions include traditional folk dance, yak, mastiff performances, Laya run, traditional sporting events, and entertainment by the Bhutanese entertainment industry. In addition to promoting knowledge-sharing between professionals and highlanders, the festival raises awareness of highland culture, health (animals and humans), innovation, waste management, and hygiene promotion. Other highlanders participating in the festival are from the Bhutanese districts of Bumthang, Haa, Lhuentse, Paro, Thimphu, Trongsa, Trashigang, Trashiyangtse, and Wangdue. [...] Wangchuk, K., T. Dorji, J. Wangdi, M. Wurzinger, and W. Zollitsch. 2019. Caught in the middle: Reasons for hindered growth among dairy groups of Haa district in Western Bhutan. Advances in Dairy Research 7 (226): 1–8.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-05): When there is a lack of clarity on where the boundary is, the solution may lie in tapping the knowledge and understanding of people in the area. The people who have a clear view of where Bhutan's territory ends and China's begins are the yak herders of the area (and also smugglers). The pastures in Doklam plateau have traditionally been the ground of Bhutanese graziers. China claimed in the 1960s that even if Bhutanese graziers were bringing their yak to Doklam they were paying a fee to Tibet for it - but there is no evidence to support this. There is one instance of a family from Bhutan being given grazing rights on payment of a highly concessional fee, but this was in the eastern part of Chumbi valley and not Doklam. It is clear that Doklam is Bhutanese territory and China’s claim on Doklam is thus tenuous.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Bhutan[a] officially the Kingdom of Bhutan,[b][14] is a landlocked country in South Asia situated in the Eastern Himalayas between China in the north and India in the south. With a population of over 727,145[15] and a territory of 38,394 square kilometres (14,824 sq mi), Bhutan ranks 133rd in land area and 160th in population. Bhutan is a constitutional monarchy with a king (Druk Gyalpo) as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. The Je Khenpo is the head of the state religion, Vajrayana Buddhism. [...] The Haa Valley in Western Bhutan [...] This region with high Lhotshampa population had to be legally verified, and the following census led to the deportation these Lhotshampas, estimated to be one-sixth of the total population at the time.[136][56][137] People who had been granted citizenship by the Bhutanese 1958 Nationality Law were also stripped of their citizenship. The state intervened after violence was instigated by some Nepali-speaking citizens in radical form of attacking government officials and burning of schools.[138] Members of Bhutanese police and army were accused of burning Lhotshampa houses, land confiscation and other widespread human rights abuses including arrest, torture and rape of Lhotshampas involved in political protests and violence.[117][139] Following forcible deportation from Bhutan, Lhotshampas spent almost two decades in refugee camps in Nepal and were resettled in various western countries such as the United States between 2007 and 2012.[140]
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Recent reports and satellite imagery show that the Chinese have constructed a new village inside two kilometres of Bhutanese territory. The village lies on the eastern periphery of the disputed Doklam plateau where, in 2017, India and China were involved in a standoff. The present 470-km-long boundary between Bhutan and China isn’t demarcated and over 25 percent of this border has been disputed for decades. The disputed regions in the northern sectors include 495 sq kms of the Jakurlung and Pasamlung valley in the Wangdue Phodrang district. The other disputed regions include the 269 sq kms of Doklam, Sinchulung, Dramana and Shakhatoe in the Samste, Haa and Paro districts of the northwestern part of Bhutan. The Chinese claim on these areas of Bhutan has been totally dependent on Tibet’s claim and, hence, it is important to understand the historical relations between Tibet and Bhutan to understand the present border dispute between China and Bhutan. [...] The Chinese have often claimed the areas and it was Mao’s five finger policy that claimed this area of Bhutan for the Chinese.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-30): After Britain’s victory in the 1865 Duar War, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding land to British India. Ugyen WANGCHUCK -- who had served as the de facto ruler of an increasingly unified Bhutan and had improved relations with the British toward the end of the 19th century -- was named king in 1907. Three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs, and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. Bhutan negotiated a similar arrangement with independent India in 1949. The Indo-Bhutanese Treaty of Friendship returned to Bhutan a small piece of the territory annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. Under a succession of modernizing monarchs beginning in the 1950s, Bhutan joined the UN in 1971 and slowly continued its engagement beyond its borders. [...] Administrative divisions 20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Dagana, Gasa, Haa, Lhuentse, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatshel, Punakha, Samdrup Jongkhar, Samtse, Sarpang, Thimphu, Trashigang, Trashi Yangtse, Trongsa, Tsirang, Wangdue Phodrang, Zhemgang Independence 17 December 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king); 8 August 1949 (Treaty of Friendship with India maintains Bhutanese independence)
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-17): In the 1950s, Mao’s China, emerging from a civil war, was in the process of consolidating its territorial suzerainty. It published maps which clearly infringed upon Bhutanese territory, claiming areas in the northwest (Doklam, Shinchulung, Dramana and Shakhatoe in Samgste, Haa and Paro districts) and central Bhutan (Pasamlung and the Jakarlung valleys in the Wagndue Phograng district). This was followed by frequent ingress by herders and People's Liberation Army (PLA) soldiers. For Bhutan, these lands traditionally and historically were always governed by Thimpu. In 1959, Bhutan was, in a way, embroiled in the fighting in Tibet when it granted entry to over 6,000 Tibetan refugees. This was soon stopped, fearing Chinese reprisals.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-01-19): The history of border talks go back to the 1950s when China published maps claiming Bhutanese territory, thus bringing the issue into the public domain. The disputed areas that China claimed covered a total of 764 square kilometres covering the North West (269 sq km) and Central parts of Bhutan (495 sq km). While the North West part constitutes the Doklam, Sinchulung, Dramana and Shakhatoe in Samste, Haa and Paro districts, the Central parts constitute the Pasamlung and the Jakarlung valley in the Wangdue Phodrang district. The intrusion by Chinese soldiers and Tibetan herders has often been an issue of concern in Bhutan’s National Assembly discussions, where many chimis (district representatives) have claimed that traditionally the land always belonged to Bhutan and historically there has been no precedence of Bhutan paying taxes to the Tibetan government for any of the disputed claims.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-12-09): On February 21 this year, Prime Minister Lotay Tshering of Bhutan urged every citizen to adopt a stray dog. This would be a "a gift to the king" on the monarch’s birthday. [...] As part of the community engagement and household adoption initiative, the local leaders in Haa district have set an ambitious target of 50% of households adopting stray dogs. "We are hopeful that they will be able to achieve the target, as we are involving entire community,’’ said Thinley, a local leader in Haa. "Our aim is to make every household adopt one to two dogs, feed them and get them vaccinated and sterilised."
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Bhutan (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-26): Bhutan and China have disputes over territory in the north and in the west in the Himalayas. [...] India and Bhutan signed a special treaty in 1949 that takes Delhi's security concerns into account. A revised treaty in 2007, gave Thimphu more freedom in areas of foreign policy and military purchases. Hundreds of Indian soldiers have been stationed inside Bhutan and officials say they offer training to Bhutanese troops. Its military headquarters is in the western town of Haa, about 20km from Doklam.
Claim: Kutuzov Island is a territory of Republic of China (Kutuzov Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-02-26): Kutuzov Island (Russian: остров Кутузов[1]) is the largest island along the Ussuri River.
Claim: Kutuzov Island is a territory of Republic of China (Kutuzov Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Asia [edit]Europe [edit]Oceania [edit]Ongoing disputes involving states with limited international recognition [edit]Ongoing boundary disputes within a state [edit]Historic disputes, subsequently settled [edit]Africa [edit]Americas [edit]Antarctica [edit]Asia [edit]Europe [edit]Disputes over territorial waters [edit]Notes [edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the de facto territories of the Republic of China (ROC) are limited to the Taiwan Area.[75][76] Meanwhile, the People's Republic of China (PRC) controls mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.[75] Officially, both the ROC and the PRC claim de jure sovereignty over all of China (including Taiwan), and regard the other government as being in rebellion.[75][77][78]
Claim: Kutuzov Island is a territory of Republic of China (Kutuzov Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Ever since its establishment after the second Chinese Civil War, the PRC has claimed the territories governed by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity today commonly known as Taiwan, as a part of its territory. It regards the island of Taiwan as its Taiwan Province, Kinmen, and Matsu as a part of Fujian Province and islands the ROC controls in the South China Sea as a part of Hainan Province and Guangdong Province. These claims are controversial because of the complicated Cross-Strait relations, with the PRC treating the One-China policy as one of its most important diplomatic principles.
Claim: Kutuzov Island is a territory of Republic of China (Kutuzov Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-08): The KMT’s chief rival party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), has never endorsed the understanding laid out in the 1992 Consensus. Former President Tsai refused to explicitly accept the consensus. Instead, she has attempted to find another formulation that would be acceptable to Beijing. In Tsai’s 2016 inaugural address, she noted she was "elected president in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of China," which is a One China document, and said she would "safeguard the sovereignty and territory of the Republic of China." However, Beijing rejected this formulation and cut off official contacts with Taiwan. Tsai’s successor, current DPP leader and Taiwanese Vice President Lai Ching-te, called for reopening dialogue with China to "replace confrontation" during his 2024 presidential election victory speech and pledged to maintain the "cross-strait status quo," aligned with his party. But experts are skeptical that China will be willing to engage in cross-strait dialogue.
Claim: Kutuzov Island is a territory of Republic of China (Kutuzov Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): As we have already said, Taiwan is an inalienable part of Chinese territory and, after replacing the government of the Republic of China in 1949, the government of the PRC has become the sole legal government of China, enjoying and exercising sovereignty over the whole of China, including Taiwan. [...] - ^ Clark, Keith Allan II (3 September 2018). "Imagined Territory: The Republic of China's 1955 Veto of Mongolian Membership in the United Nations". Journal of American-East Asian Relations. 25 (3): 263–295. doi:10.1163/18765610-02503003. S2CID 240274376. [...] - Taiwan - Republic of China - 1912 establishments in China - Countries and territories where Chinese is an official language - East Asian countries - Former Japanese colonies - Island countries - Northeast Asian countries - Republics - States and territories established in 1912 - States with limited recognition - Taiwan placenames originating from Formosan languages
Claim: Kutuzov Island is a territory of Republic of China (Kutuzov Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a disputed[g] island country off the coast of China. The Republic of China once governed all of China (from 1911 to 1949) but moved to the island of Taiwan after a Chinese civil war.