copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: The United States had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and “we're down to 504. … We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance (on) coal energy." (Joe Manchin, 2021-12-16)
Evidence (2012-04-04): The Chances of Limiting Warming to 1.5°C and the Requirements for Urgent Action [...] Future Emissions in 1.5°C Pathways [...] The share of primary energy from renewables increases while coal usage decreases across pathways limiting warming to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot (high confidence). By 2050, renewables (including bioenergy, hydro, wind, and solar, with direct-equivalence method) supply a share of 52–67% (interquartile range) of primary energy in 1.5°C pathways with no or limited overshoot; while the share from coal decreases to 1–7% (interquartile range), with a large fraction of this coal use combined with carbon capture and storage (CCS). From 2020 to 2050 the primary energy supplied by oil declines in most pathways (−39 to −77% interquartile range). Natural gas changes by −13% to −62% (interquartile range), but some pathways show a marked increase albeit with widespread deployment of CCS. The overall deployment of CCS varies widely across 1.5°C pathways with no or limited overshoot, with cumulative CO2 stored through 2050 ranging from zero up to 300 GtCO2 (minimum–maximum range), of which zero up to 140 GtCO2 is stored from biomass. Primary energy supplied by bioenergy ranges from 40–310 EJ yr−1 in 2050 (minimum-maximum range), and nuclear from 3–66 EJ yr−1 (minimum–maximum range). These ranges reflect both uncertainties in technological development and strategic mitigation portfolio choices. {2.4.2}
Claim: The United States had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and “we're down to 504. … We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance (on) coal energy." (Joe Manchin, 2021-12-16)
Evidence (2021-03-04): U.S. Census Bureau, Demographic Trends in the 20th Century, Nov. 2002 [...] Email interview with William Frey, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, March 22, 2021 More by Duncan Slade
Claim: The United States had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and “we're down to 504. … We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance (on) coal energy." (Joe Manchin, 2021-12-16)
Evidence (2019-03-01): Reductions in coal consumption have been driven in large part by non-climate factors, most notably environmental regulations to address air pollution, rapidly declining costs of renewables, and lower natural gas prices, especially inexpensive unconventional gas in the USA. (Culver and Hong 2016; Diluiso et al.2021; Vinichenko et al. 2021). Older coal-fired power plants that cannot meet new environmental regulations, or have become unprofitable or uncompetitive, have been closed in many regions. Moreover, coal power expansion has slowed down in Asia, as countries have suspended and cancelled new projects for reasons such as overcapacity, environmental constraints, and the development of renewables (Box 6.2).
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-23): Vice President Kamala Harris cast the tiebreaking vote in the Senate in 2022 to pass the Inflation Reduction Act. That bill gave an additional $80 billion to the Internal Revenue Service. A 2021 Treasury Department report said that the IRS would use money to hire about 87,000 new workers over a decade. But they were not all for enforcement. And it did not plan to increase audits for households earning less than $400,000. In 2023, the IRS proposed a new tip reporting program for service industry employers to report tips voluntarily to aid tax compliance. It was structured to replace preexisting programs but was never adopted.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-23): Fact-check: Trump falsely said Harris voted to hire 87,000 IRS agents to go after tipped income [...] On Aug. 23 at a Las Vegas restaurant, Trump said: "Kamala cast the tiebreaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income." [...] Trump said Harris "cast the tiebreaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income."
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-12): Vice President Kamala Harris has backed the elimination of taxes on tips for hospitality and service workers, endorsing a policy first suggested by former President Donald Trump.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2022-08-12): Democrats' new army of 87,000 IRS agents will be coming for you—with 710,000 new audits for Americans who earn less than $75k.— Kevin McCarthy (@GOPLeader) August 9, 2022 [...] The FBI raids Trump’s house and the Democrats vote to add 87,000 new IRS agents to go after Americans. [...] The trouble with all this is, well, it’s bullshit. That 87,000 estimate represents everything from IT techs to customer service people who answer the phone and help you file your return. Second, it includes attrition. For some perspective, the IRS workforce last year (see Table 31) totaled 78,661 full-time equivalent positions—down from 94,709 a decade earlier. And no, the IRS is not doubling its workforce. Republican politicians know this. But they are lying to make it sound as though jack-booted thugs dispatched by the Democrats are about to come knock down your front door. It is deceitful rhetoric, and it is dangerous.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2023-01-10): The IRS is not planning to hire 87,000 new tax agents for the purposes of targeting or "coming for" Americans who earn below a certain income. These exaggerated claims appeared to be aimed, at least in part, at capitalizing on partisan anger over the FBI raid on former U.S. President Donald Trump's home in Mar-a-Lago earlier in August. The raid was part of an investigation into whether Trump took classified records from the White House to his Mar-a-Lago residence, and had no apparent connection to taxes or the IRS. Numerous conservatives tweeted a range of allegations surrounding the alleged hiring of 87,000 new IRS agents. [...] So where did the 87,000 number come from? A Treasury Department May 2021 report estimated that the injection of new funds via the legislation would enable the IRS to incrementally hire around 86,852 new staff by 2031. But most of those hires would neither be for new positions nor for the roles of IRS enforcement agents. New staff would be added in increments of about 7,000 to 12,000 people.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-05-03): The myth of 87,000 armed IRS agents [...] He added that the hiring data should dissolve what he called "any lingering myths about a supersized IRS." After the IRA passed, some Republican lawmakers warned in 2022 that the agency would use the money to hire "87,000 new IRS agents to audit Walmart shoppers." "This should put to rest any misconception about us bringing on 87,000 agents," Werfel noted, adding that many of the new hires are replacing retiring employees.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-11): "Kamala Harris, whose ‘Honeymoon’ period is ENDING, and is starting to get hammered in the Polls, just copied my NO TAXES ON TIPS Policy," he wrote. He added that she mentioned the proposal only for "Political Purposes."
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2022-08-09): "Democrats' new army of 87,000 IRS agents will be coming for you — with 710,000 new audits for Americans who earn less than $75k," McCarthy tweeted Aug. 9. [...] This 87,000 figure comes from a May 2021 Treasury Department assessment of how it would use $80 billion to improve IRS operations. The report said the IRS would add 86,852 new full-time positions. (The plan is not written in stone. The Treasury Department says that in the coming months, it will decide how to allocate the new money.) [...] Sarin said another factor makes the 87,000 figure less than it appears to be. The agency’s projection of new hires was based on the idea that if things stayed as they were, another decade of business as usual would result in staff cuts. Over the past decade, the IRS has seen its funding drop by 20%. Between 2010 and 2018, the number of enforcement personnel fell by nearly a third. If that trend continued, the IRS would not only be replacing people lost to retirement, but to expected budget cuts.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2023-03-03): Throughout the fall, for instance, Georgia Republican Senate candidate Herschel Walker sent multiple fundraising emails promising to vote to repeal the fictitious 87,000 new IRS agents if he were elected. (He lost.) In September, Nikki Haley, now a GOP presidential candidate, emailed Walker’s supporters asking for donations by appealing to the same sense of grievance over the IRS funding. "Senator Warnock, votes 96% of the time with Biden, including for open borders, less energy independence, 87,000 new IRS agents, and higher taxes," she wrote. [...] But that hasn’t stopped the conspiracy theories. The 87,000 new IRS agents claim appears to emanate from a May 2021 Treasury Department report that said such an investment is estimated to enable the agency to hire roughly 87,000 employees by 2031. But most of those wouldn’t be agents or necessarily even new positions. The increased funding was designed to cover a range of positions, including IT technicians and taxpayer services support staff, as well as experienced auditors who would be largely tasked with cracking down on corporate and high-income tax evaders. [...] Yet there are few signs that Republicans intend to relent on the misleading claim of Biden hiring 87,000 new IRS agents any time soon. Republican insiders say that it’s expected to be a recurring theme at this weekend’s CPAC conference and beyond.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-13): An Instagram post shows a video of Harris voting for the Inflation Reduction Act. Text overlaying the video reads, "Kamala Harris Hopes Service Workers Forget She was the Tie-Breaking Vote for the IRS to GO AFTER TIPS!" The video then claims that the Inflation Reduction Act hired 87,000 IRS agents to launch a tip reporting site. "KAMALA TAXED YOUR TIPS," another text layer says. [...] The claim that the IRS would hire 87,000 IRS agents came from a 2021 Department of Treasury report that said the IRS would use the $80 billion from the Inflation Reduction Act to hire 86,852 full-time employees.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2023-02-07): Mike Palicz, director of tax policy at the conservative advocacy group Americans for Tax Reform, tweeted Feb. 7: "Those 87,000 new IRS agents that you were promised would only target the rich… They’re coming after waitresses’ tips now: ‘monitoring of employer compliance based on actual annual tip revenue and charge tip data from an employer’s point-of-sale system.’" [...] PolitiFact previously fact-checked claims citing the "87,000 IRS agents" figure, which stems from a 2021 assessment from the Treasury Department on how it would use $80 billion in new funding from the Inflation Reduction Act. The report said the funding could pay for 86,852 new full-time equivalent positions and that the hiring would take place over a 10-year period. [...] Mike Palicz claimed that 87,000 IRS agents will now be "coming after waitresses’ tips," after the IRS announced a new service industry tip reporting program.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2022-08-10): Since news broke on Monday that the FBI searched former President Donald Trump’s South Florida home, Republican members of Congress and right-wing media figures have launched a new line of attack against Democrats: that the Internal Revenue Service intends to use nearly $80 billion in new funding to pursue similar intrusions on average Americans. Those dollars, Trump allies are saying, will go toward the hiring of 87,000 new IRS agents. "Do you make $75,000 or less?" tweeted House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy. "Democrats’ new army of 87,000 IRS agents will be coming for you—with 710,000 new audits for Americans who earn less than $75k." Richard Grenell, Trump’s former Acting Director of National Intelligence, wrote on the social media platform: "The FBI raids Trump’s house and the Democrats vote to add 87,000 new IRS agents to go after Americans. Wake up, America." [...] Yet while the IRS may be in desperate need of more funding, it’s not exactly most Americans’ favorite government institution. Nobody likes to fork over a big check to Uncle Sam. Which is a big reason why Republicans are likely to keep hammering this point in the coming months, and potentially pointing to 87,000 new IRS agents who will never materialize.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-16): In the past, you may have heard some lawmakers say that because of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), an "army" of 87,000 new IRS agents will be coming to audit ordinary taxpayers. More recently, former President Donald Trump revived the discussion about IRS hiring on social media and during press and campaign events, claiming that 88,000 IRS agents are being recruited to target waitresses and their tips. [...] Trump’s latest comments have increased the number of IRS agents from 87,000 to 88,000 and narrowed the focus to waitresses and their tips. (As Kiplinger has reported, the "no tax on tips" narrative has taken hold on both sides of the aisle in the 2024 presidential election campaign.) [...] The original 87,000 IRS agents figure appears to have come from a U.S. Treasury Department estimate of the level of hiring needed to maintain IRS efficiency and keep up with retirements and other staff declines.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2022-08-31): The Inflation Reduction Act includes $79 billion for the IRS. Social media posts misleadingly claim the IRS will now hire "87,000 new agents" to investigate average citizens. But most new hires will provide customer services, and enforcement efforts will be aimed at "high-income and corporate tax evaders," a Treasury Department spokesperson said. [...] Sen. Ted Cruz, in an interview on Fox News that was posted to Facebook, got it doubly wrong when he claimed that "87,000 new IRS agents" will be going after small businesses and regular Americans. [...] A Treasury Department report from May 2021 estimated that a similar $80 billion investment proposed in Biden’s American Families Plan would have allowed the IRS to modernize and restore the "IRS enforcement capability" in several ways — including by hiring 86,852 full-time employees. That’s where the claim about hiring "87,000 new agents" apparently comes from.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2022-08-11): The bill had been opposed by a number of Republican leaders before it was passed. However, Vice President Kamala Harris cast the tie-breaking vote and the bill now heads to the House. [...] Additionally, the IRS will not be hiring 87,000 auditors as it has been suggested by the RNC and Republican lawmakers. Furthermore, the new hires will be spaced out over the course of 10 years. The 87,000 new hires are expected to replace staff members who plan to leave within the next five years as more than half of those employed by the IRS are eligible for retirement, Time reported. According to a Treasury Department official, part of the increased budget will not only be used to hire auditors. The agency plans to hire new IT technicians and taxpayer support staff as well.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-28): We asked the Trump campaign if there was other supporting evidence for the ad’s claim that the Biden-Harris administration "weaponized" or "unleashed" the IRS to go after tipped workers. In response, a spokesperson, Karoline Leavitt, pointed to the Inflation Reduction Act, which, she said, Harris "cast the tie-breaking vote for in the Senate and hired 87,000 new IRS Agents." Trump went further in the Aug. 23 Nevada rally, saying, "Kamala cast the tie-breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income." [...] But the suggestion that the IRS would use that money to hire more than 80,000 agents, at least in part, to audit workers who rely on tips is false. (The ad even features actors portraying IRS agents raiding a woman’s home.)
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-28): On Aug. 23 at a Las Vegas restaurant, Trump said: "Kamala cast the tiebreaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income." [...] In August, we debunked a similar viral statement on Instagram about Harris and tipped income. Harris cast the tiebreaking vote on the Inflation Reduction Act in August 2022, but the law did not lay out a plan to send 87,000 agents after tipped workers. And a 2023 IRS proposal to replace programs for taxed tip compliance was never implemented. [...] Trump said Harris "cast the tiebreaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income."
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2022-09-23): "On that very first day that we’re sworn in, you’ll see that it all changes. Because on our very first bill, we’re going to repeal 87,000 IRS agents. Our job is to work for you, not go after you," McCarthy said. [...] Congressional Republicans have specifically focused their criticism on the IRS hiring 87,000 employees, a figure that requires additional context. [...] "Do they really need 87,000 people to go after billionaires? No, they’re coming after your PayPal account. They’ve changed regulations so they can look at your bank accounts of $600 or more transactions," McHenry said. "So those 87,000 are not about someone else. They’re about every one of us who are taxpayers. We’re going to stop that, we’re going to check that, and we’re going to put you back in charge of your own accounts."
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2023-05-01): Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate Vice President Kamala Harris (D) has cast 33 tie-breaking votes in the U.S. Senate. The majority of Harris' tie-breaking votes, 26, were cast during the 117th Congress, when the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 partisan makeup. The rest of her votes were cast during the 118th Congress, when the U.S. Senate had a 51-49 Democratic majority. [...] John Adams cast the first tie-breaking vote on July 18, 1789. As of December 5, 2023, there were 301 tie-breaking votes from 37 vice presidents. Kamala Harris (D) (2021-present) has cast the most tie-breaking votes (33) during her tenure as vice president, John C. Calhoun (1825 - 1832) cast the second most (31), and Adams (1789 - 1797) cast the third most (29).
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-20): No, Kamala Harris Didn’t Vote to Tax Hospitality Workers’ Tips [...] Don't forget: Kamala Harris was the tie breaking vote on the inflation reduction act which put taxes on tips and hired 87,000 IRS agents to go after the middle and lower class to get the money https://t.co/GCpZwHDBYV — Ari Hoffman (@thehoffather) August 13, 2024 One Instagram reel includes video footage of Harris, in her role as Senate president, casting the tie-breaking vote to pass the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 with the caption, "Kamala taxed your tips."
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-11): On August 7, 2022, Harris cast the tie-breaking vote to pass the Inflation Reduction Act that provided $80 billion in additional funding to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which then got to work cracking down on the service industry’s reporting of tips so that they could be taxed. [...] Palicz also took to X to express his dismay, writing, "Those 87,000 new IRS agents that you were promised would only target the rich… They’re coming after waitresses’ tips now." "It’s obvious the IRS hired 87,000 new agents to only target the rich," entrepreneur Patrick Bet-David reacted. "Bad policies have consequences."
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2022-08-14): "Imagine IRS agents descending upon America like a swarm of locusts," Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, warned in an interview with Fox Business. "And by the way, these IRS agents aren't there to go after billionaires. They're there to go after you. They're there to go after your small business. They're there to go after your family." [...] The new money will help to reverse more than a decade of under-funding at the IRS. The agency's enforcement ranks have shrunk by 30% since 2010.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-15): - IRA handed the IRS $80 billion to hire 87,000 new agents to increase audits on working families. - 87,000 new agents would more than double the size of the IRS, giving the agency more employees than Border Patrol agents, and the FBI, State Department, and Pentagon combined.
Claim: “Kamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” (Donald Trump, 2024-08-23)
Evidence (2024-08-26): "Don’t let Kamala Harris fool you. Not only does Harris support taxing service workers’ tips, news reports confirm Biden and Harris have weaponized the IRS to confiscate your tip money. Biden and Harris have literally unleashed the IRS to harass workers who receive tips." [...] The ad also tries to project verisimilitude by claiming "news reports confirm" that the Biden administration "weaponized the IRS to confiscate your tip money." The citations are from conservative news organizations or interest groups in 2023. They were echoing talking points released by House Republicans in 2023 eager to claim that Biden had violated his pledge not to increase audits of people making less than $400,000. The pledge was made after the IRS received an influx of tens of billions of dollars to improve service and boost audits of wealthy Americans. [...] In a statement, the Trump campaign falsely accused the Biden administration of wanting to hire "an army of 87,000 new IRS agents" (a Four-Pinocchio claim) and insisted Harris and Biden "want this newly empowered IRS to target tipped workers."