copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-09-20): It is a fact, from 15th century Kabaw Valley was in the possession of Manipur till 1834 except for some periodical occupation by Burmese now and then, which the Manipuri King destroyed by war and established the legitimate right and at the same time right by conquest. James Johnstone has stated that Manipur held a considerable territory east of the Chindwin River in subjection, at other times only the Kabaw Valley, a strip of land, inhabited not by Burmese, but by Shans, and lying between Manipur proper and the Chindwin. [...] Kabaw Valley is still a question which touches the sentiment of the people of Manipur. During the Third Burmese war in 1885 the British forces invaded Upper Burma through Manipur and Kabaw Valley. And Kabaw Valley became a possession of the British. The King and Ministers of Manipur wanted the retrocession of Kabaw Valley which did not take place. [...] It is said that the interest of the Defence Ministry was aroused at the hint that if Kabaw Valley were reverted the Chindwin could be a good defence boundary, but diplomatic considerations led to the dropping of the Kabaw Valley topic. [Gangmumei Kabui 1988:35-36] Thus, Manipur lost her old territory, the Kabaw Valley. The present boundary of Manipur with an area of 22327 sq. kms remained fixed since the controversial transferred of Kabaw Valley to Burma in 1834. [Gangmumei Kabui 1991:7] But the boundary problem between Manipur (India) and Myanmar (Burma) still remains unsolved.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-04): (a) to (c) China continues to be in illegal occupation of approximately 38,000 sq. kms. of Indian territory in the Union Territory of Ladakh for the last six decades. Further, under the so-called China-Pakistan ‘Boundary Agreement’ signed in 1963, Pakistan illegally ceded 5,180 sq. kms. of Indian territory in Shaksgam Valley from areas illegally occupied by Pakistan in Union Territory of Ladakh to China. Government of India has never recognised the so-called China-Pakistan "Boundary Agreement" of 1963 and has consistently maintained that it is illegal and invalid. The fact that the entire Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh are an integral and inalienable part of India has been clearly conveyed to Pakistani and Chinese authorities several times.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-03-20): Dr Ranjan raises Kabaw Valley issue with External Affairs Minister [...] Dr Ranjan pointed out that Manipur had given nearly 22,210 sq. km of land called Kabaw Valley to Burma (now Myanmar) under the Treaty of Yandabo, 1826. For this lost territory, Manipur used to get an indemnity or tribute of Sicca Rs 500 per month from Burma. The present value of Sicca Rs 500 would be more than Rs 8,000 crore. [...] Since Manipur's merger with India in 1949, the amount went straight to the Central exchequer. Consequently, Manipur has been deprived of any compensation of Kabaw Valley, no lease-money, no tribute or no indemnity. People of Manipur are still grumbling for such a raw deal, conveyed the Lok Sabha MP.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-26): Yazagyo (Rajgriha) was the capital of ancient Manipur – known as Kassay/Kathe – now located in the Kabaw Valley of Myanmar. The valley is located between the foothills on the eastern confines of Manipur and the Chindwin River. During the First Anglo-Burmese war (1824-26), Prince Gambhir Singh conquered the Kabaw Valley from Burma. But the Burmans were able to prove to the British Resident, Major Burney that the valley had been ceded to Burma by the former Manipuri king Marjit Singh in 1813. Facing severe economic headwinds following the war, Major Burney was persuaded to hand the valley back to Burma, on January 9, 1834, without the knowledge of the Manipuris, for a war indemnity of one million pounds sterling. [...] Manipur borders two regions of Myanmar: Sagaing region to the east and Chin state to the south. It is a gateway state for India to fulfill her ‘Look East’ dream. With the completion of the Trilateral Highway, India could usher into the era of ‘Acting East.’ Manipur is a gateway to a future of endless possibilities from hydrocarbons, timber, and minerals to regional trade over land and water which could emerge as a crucial node of a new Silk Route – a bulwark against China in Southeast Asia. Alongside hope and aspiration, there is anguish and anger as the state is constantly roiled by age old ethnic tensions along with an increasing clamour for the amalgamation of Naga populated areas of Manipur with the state of Nagaland.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-19): Treaty Four: The Kabaw Valley Agreement: signed on the 25th January,1834 which stated the handed over of the Kabaw valley of Manipur to Burma on certain conditions that the British had to pay Rs 500 per month to Manipur for letting Burma use the valley on lease until the Kabaw valley returns to Manipur. From the 5-points agreements, No.1 says, "The British Commissioner, Major Grant and Captain Pamberton, under the instruction from the right honourable, the Governor General in Council, agree to make over to the Woandauk Maha Mingyan Rajah and Tsarudangicks Myookyantheo, Commissioner appointed by the King of Ava, the towns of Tammao (Tumu), Khumba (Khambat), Surjail, and all other villages in the Kubo Valley, the Ungoching Hills and the strip of valley running between the eastern foot and western bank of the Ningtha Khyendan (Chindwin) river." and No.2 says, " The British Commissioner will withdraw the Munnipore Thanas now stationed within this tract of the country and make over immediate possession of it to the Burmese Commissioner on certain conditions."
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-04): Leaving these strife-torn zones behind, we climbed the treacherous terrain to reach the international border. The jungle near Phaikoh opened up into the Kabaw valley, an open area of relatively flat land surrounded by tall whispering trees. Tiny leeches stuck to my feet and, as I tried to remove them, I saw droplets of blood. The burly voice of an Assam Rifles guard asked, "Do you even know where you are standing?" [...] It is foolish to think that international boundaries run in straight lines. This fenceless, formally un-demarcated border is fraught with complications. Locals believe Kabaw valley was given away to the Burmese under a faulty strategy after independence and at least some 2,000m actually belongs to the Indian side. There are no records to prove this and the Treaty of Yandabo, signed in 1826 between the British and the Burmese, crops up in conversations with locals every now and then. They feel the 22,210sqkm Kabaw valley will make the fencing of the India-Myanmar border an emotive issue for Manipur.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-11): - CDF-Kalay, Kabaw, Gangaw (Sagaing and Magway Regions) [...] If Chinland plans to develop a new relationship with the center, is it guaranteed to retain the same administrative boundaries? Much like other parts of Burma, about half of the Chin ethnic population lives outside the state. Several CDFs are based in or regularly operate in Sagaing and Magway Regions, namely CDF-Kalay, Kabaw, Gangkaw. The town of Kalay in Sagaing also has a large Chin population and special significance in Chin history. Conversely, the Arakan Army, based in neighboring Rakhine State, controls a swath of Paletwa township in Chin State, including the planned sites of India’s much-hyped Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Project. As a result, Chinland’s ability to fully govern the territory within the same administrative boundaries remains unclear.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-17): In April 2021, youth groups founded the Chinland Defence Force (CDF) in parts of the state long associated with the Chin National Front/Army (CNF/A), an ethnic armed organisation formed in 1988 that has acted as a mentor to these younger freedom fighters. Ethnic Chin living in areas just outside of the state in neighbouring Sagaing and Magway regions have also joined the CDF to form the CDF-KKG, based in the Kabaw Valley and Kalay and Gangaw townships. (Sharing a 510km-long border with India, Chin State also has ethnic ties to the Mizo and Kuki people of the northeastern Indian states of Mizoram and Manipur.)
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-04): The CDF-Kalay-Kabaw-Gangaw is one of several resistance forces based there, but it is the only one that also seeks to incorporate these areas into Chinland. Kabaw refers to the Kabaw valley, located in Kalay Township near the border with the Indian state of Manipur.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-30): According to the Burma Refugee Committee of Kabaw Valley, about 5,000 refugees have taken shelter in Manipur, mostly people from the villages of Yanglinphai, Khomunnom, and Namontar that were burnt by the regime forces at the end of 2021. [...] The turmoil in Manipur has also led to the closure of the "Spring Schools" that were established in some border areas of the state by the Burma Refugee Committee of Kabaw Valley, with the support of the NUG, to educate the children of the refugees. A teacher who had joined the CDM and is currently based in Manipur claimed that around 800 students were admitted to these schools, including about 40 students from across the border.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of India (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-10-27): Our estimates of recurrence time for M8+ earthquakes are much longer than 500–800 years proposed in other studies15,37. The estimate37 is very preliminary as it is based on few dates, so it has to be taken as a minimum recurrence interval. A shorter recurrence period derived in15,37 is based on two assumptions: (i) all shortening across Burman arc is accommodated exclusively in the IBD; (ii) IBD is fully locked. Our result suggests that half of the shortening occurs in other faults, namely, in the Kabaw and the Kaladan (Fig. 3). These faults play important role in the complex regional geodynamics and strain portioning across the Indo-Burman arc, and this is supported by other studies. Mallick3 suggest that the Burma plate interface accommodates ~ 12 to 24 mm/year of oblique India‐Burma motion, which may further be partitioned among various upper plate structures in the seismic cycle. Steckler et al.4 showed that including the locked Kabaw fault in their model improves the reproduction of the GPS observations. Wang15 have found paleoseismic evidence of uplifts along the western coast of Cheduba and Ramree islands resulted from coseismic slip on splay faults, which are likely rooted in the megathrust.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): The Kabaw Valley also known as Kubo valley[3] is a highland valley in Myanmar's western Sagaing Division, close to the border with India's Manipur. The valley is located between Yomadong range of mountains, which constitute the present-day India–Myanmar border, and the Chindwin River (also called the Ningthi River).[4] [...] - ^ Kabaw Valley, Myanmar (Burma)
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-11): Kabaw (Kabo) Valley :: Pix - DocNelson/Flickr [...] The Treaty of Yundabun signed on 26th February 1825 clearly shows that Kabo Valley is the rightful property of Manipur and more importantly the fact that Manipur has the right to reclaim this piece ofland. [...] The contents of the above agreement cieariy shows that Kabo Valley is an undisputed part of Manipur. Also it is stated that the state of Manipur retains the right to reclaim this part of territory in case any such circumstances arise wherein the terms of the agreement is not fulfilled.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-03): The chapter focuses on the British policy of fixing territorial boundaries in the ‘frontier’ territory of Manipur. The ruler of Manipur was dependent on the British colonial state, and he accepted Treaties imposed on him by the British without a protest. It argues that two Treaties‚ i.e., Agreement regarding the Kubo Valley and Agreement regarding Compensation for the Kubo Valley‚ signed in 1834‚ were coded with ambiguities, including the term ‘agreement’ inserted in the titles. The ambiguities, compounded by lack of timely actions to settle boundary questions, by and large, contributed to disputes and contentious demands. All these became the driving factors of two different trends of restorative and defensive demands raised by Manipur in the following decades. This study contemplates that the creation of ‘scientific boundaries’ aimed at enforcing colonial ‘tranquility and peace’, which took for granted the political destiny of the ‘subjects’ who were subsequently locked into either side of a boundary line, was the fallout of the overarching framework of imperialist exigencies. [...] Joint Report of the Commissioner appointed by Government to demarcate the boundary between Burma (the Kubo Valley) and the Manipur State, as defined in the agreement of 1834. Foreign. External A. August 1896. Nos. 268–277. [...] Indo-Myanmar Border Dispute. Lok Sabha, Unstarred Question No. 1049 Answered on 24 July 2018.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Select at least two countries or territories to compare and see how they differ from each other. Kabaw Valley #55 among destinations in Myanmar (Burma) [...] The Kabaw Valley also known as Kubo valley is a highland valley in Myanmar's western Sagaing division, close to the border with India's Manipur. The valley is located between Heerok or Yoma ranges of mountains, which constitute the present day border of Manipur, and the Chindwin River. The valley is home to a number of ethnic groups including the Meitei, the Maring tribe, the Thadou people, Kuki people, the Mizo, the Kadu and the Kanan. ()
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-02-21): 2) However Professor Gangmumei in his article " The Lost Territory of Manipur: Cession of Kabaw Valley" published in "Manipur: Past and Present", Vol I, 1987, page 23, stated the Kabaw Valley proper is about 150 miles long and 8 miles breath and is situated between present Manipur Sector and Angoching hills adjacent to Chindwin River. In terms of area, he stated that the Valley lies between Manipur Sector of India boundary (i.e. West) and Western bank of Chingwin River (i.e. East); the South is the southern limit of Kule (Kale-present Kalwa) where Manipur river falls to Ningthe River (Chindwin). The Professor further adds that Kabaw Valley which is subject of dispute is much larger territory consisting of about 3000 sq. miles which is now a part of upper Chindwin District of Burma. It includes three Sub-divisions - Samjok, Khumbat and Kale. In ancient times it had three principalities - Samjok (Thandent), Khumbat (Khambat) and Kale (Present Kalewa). [...] iii) King Kiyamba (1467 - 1508) along with Pong King Sooloongkhum defeated the Raja of Khumbat, devided the captured territory and thus Kabaw Valley was annexed to Manipur in 1475. This is the common believe that Kabaw Valley was part of Manipur since 1475. This is an utterly wrong one propagated by half-heated historians.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-26): Yazagyo (Rajgriha) was the capital of ancient Manipur – known as Kassay/Kathe – now located in the Kabaw Valley of Myanmar. The valley is located between the foothills on the eastern confines of Manipur and the Chindwin River. During the First Anglo-Burmese war (1824-26), Prince Gambhir Singh conquered the Kabaw Valley from Burma. But the Burmans were able to prove to the British Resident, Major Burney that the valley had been ceded to Burma by the former Manipuri king Marjit Singh in 1813. Facing severe economic headwinds following the war, Major Burney was persuaded to hand the valley back to Burma, on January 9, 1834, without the knowledge of the Manipuris, for a war indemnity of one million pounds sterling. [...] Manipur borders two regions of Myanmar: Sagaing region to the east and Chin state to the south. It is a gateway state for India to fulfill her ‘Look East’ dream. With the completion of the Trilateral Highway, India could usher into the era of ‘Acting East.’ Manipur is a gateway to a future of endless possibilities from hydrocarbons, timber, and minerals to regional trade over land and water which could emerge as a crucial node of a new Silk Route – a bulwark against China in Southeast Asia. Alongside hope and aspiration, there is anguish and anger as the state is constantly roiled by age old ethnic tensions along with an increasing clamour for the amalgamation of Naga populated areas of Manipur with the state of Nagaland.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-03): The inhabitants of Manipur, Meitei/Meetei people were known as Kathe Shan/Kassay Shan and Tai Moy or Kassay as referred to in Tai journal in new Shan script "Tai in the World", bearing strong similarities with Tai Leng race of Myanmar. The kingdom of Manipur was Tainized/Shanized with other races. Kabaw Valley predominantly Shans, her possession lied with Manipur and sometimes with strong Burmese rulers who annexed and occupied the land in their ancient history. [...] The distasteful transfer of Kabaw Valley on January 9, 1834, Maharaja Gambhir Singh of Manipur died of an unnatural death (Heart Attack), hearing the shocking news of Kabaw Valley transfer. The British agents of both Manipur and Burma corroborated and deceitfully acted under the British Supreme government’s guidance and transferred Kabaw Valley from Manipur to Burma. [...] King Bagyidaw’s Ava court decision making was strongly influenced by Hluttaw (Burmese council of ministers), who pressed on the British Officials and demanded resource rich Kabaw Valley and Tenasserim. In the end, Manipur was used as a bait by the British Supreme Government and transferred Kabaw Valley to Burma and denied Burmese the claim to Tenasserim.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-20): Kabaw Fault 1698 262 337 16 <div id="mw-content-wrapper"><div id="mw-content"><div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"><div id="bodyContentOuter"><div class="mw-body-content" id="bodyContent"><div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p><b>Kabaw Fault</b> is a <span title="Earth:Fault (geology)">fault</span> in Myanmar. It was among those that ruptured during the 1762 Arakan earthquake. </p><h2 id="qai_title_1"><span class="mw-headline" id="Location">Location</span></h2><p>Kabaw Fault lies roughly parallel with the Indo-Burmese border near Mizoram at the foothills of the mountains separating the plains of central Myanmar with the Arakan Mountains, extending due south roughly 300 km.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span></span></sup>
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-12): The distasteful transfer of Kabaw Valley on 9 January 1834, Maharaja Gambhir Singh of Manipur died of unnatural death (Heart Attack), hearing the shocking news of Kabaw Valley transfer. The British Agents of both Manipur and Burma corroborated and deceitfully acted under the British Supreme Government’s guidance transferred Kabaw Valley from Manipur to Burma. The responsible British Officers were Governor-General Lord William Bentinck, Major Henry Burney, Resident at Court of Ava and Commissioners of Manipur namely Captain F.J. Grant and Lieutenant R.B. Pemberton. King Bagyidaw’s Ava court decision making was strongly influenced by Hluttaw (Burmese council of ministers), who pressed on the British Officials and demanded resource rich Kabaw Valley and Tenasserim. In the end, Manipur was used as bait by the British Supreme Government and transferred Kabaw Valley to Burma, and denied Burmese the claim to Tenasserim.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-09-16): The valley is divided into three subdivisions of Samjok (Thandent), Khumbat (Khambat) and Kale. The Shan holds control over the valley. Gangmumei Kabui, a renowned historian of North East writes, in the 19th century, the valley was a subject of dispute between Manipur and Burma which is a large territory covering 3000 sq. miles, now forms a part of upper Chindwin District of Burma. [Gangmumei Kabui: 1988 The Lost Territory of Manipur: Cession of Kabaw Valley, N.Sanajaoba(Ed.), Manipur Past and Present, Vol.1, New Delhi, p.23] The name Kabaw is a Manipuri word for Shan, reflects the present of different cultures in Kabaw Valley. [Josheph R. Castile: 1988, Chin and Burmese Landscapes in the Kabaw Valley of North West Burma, Proceedings-AAG Middle States Division, Vol.21, p. 26] In the first haft of 19th century, the inhabitants of the valley were mostly Shans, Manipuris, Burmese and tribes who were culturally and ethnically related with the people of Chandel District of Manipur.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-11): Kabo, also known as Kabaw Valley is 11,000 sq. Kms valley located on Bharata-Burma border inhabited by Kadu, Kanan, Meitei, Mizo, Zo etc. tribes. Land is highly fertile with thick teakwood jungles. The last Mughal Nehru gifted Kabo Valley to Burma as a souvenir to mark ‘peace and goodwill’. ‘Friendly’ negotiations commenced in 1953 when Prime Minister Nehru visited Manipur and Nagaland together, Boundary Agreement was ratified and signed on March 10, 1967 in Rangoon when Indira Gandhi was Prime Minister.
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-06): The distasteful transfer of Kabaw Valley on 9 January 1834, Maharaja Gambhir Singh of Manipur died of unnatural death (Heart Attack), hearing the shocking news of Kabaw Valley transfer. The British Agents of both Manipur and Burma corroborated and deceitfully acted under the British Supreme Government’s guidance transferred Kabaw Valley from Manipur to Burma. The responsible British Officers were Governor-General Lord William Bentinck, Major Henry Burney, Resident at Court of Ava and Commissioners of Manipur namely Captain F.J. Grant and Lieutenant R.B. Pemberton. King Bagyidaw’s Ava court decision making was strongly influenced by Hluttaw (Burmese council of ministers), who pressed on the British Officials and demanded resource rich Kabaw Valley and Tenasserim. In the end Manipur was used as bait by the British Supreme Government and transferred Kabaw Valley to Burma and denied Burmese the claim to Tenasserim. [...] Kabaw Valley: Manipur’s Lost Glory 275
Claim: Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar (Kabaw, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-16): Kabaw Valley: Manipur’s lost glory 16-Mar-2022 | [...] The transfer of Kabaw Valley on 9 January 1834, Maharaja Gambhir Singh of Manipur died of an unnatural death (Heart Attack), hearing the shocking news of Kabaw Valley transfer. The British Agents of both Manipur and Burma corroborated and deceitfully acted under the British Supreme Government’s guidance transferred Kabaw Valley from Manipur to Burma. The responsible British Officers were Governor-General Lord William Bentinck, Major Henry Burney, Resident at Court of Ava and Commissioners of Manipur namely Captain F.J. Grant and Lieutenant R.B. Pemberton. King Bagyidaw’s Ava court decision making was strongly influenced by Hluttaw (Burmese council of ministers), who pressed on the British Officials and demanded resource rich Kabaw Valley and Tenasserim. In the end Manipur was used as bait by the British Supreme Government and transferred Kabaw Valley to Burma and denied Burmese the claim to Tenasserim.