copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Hainan is a territory of People's Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-20): Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China’s MSS Hainan State Security Department [...] APT40—aka BRONZE MOHAWK, FEVERDREAM, G0065, Gadolinium, GreenCrash, Hellsing, Kryptonite Panda, Leviathan, MUDCARP, Periscope, Temp.Periscope, and Temp.Jumper—is located in Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China (PRC), and has been active since at least 2009. APT40 has targeted governmental organizations, companies, and universities in a wide range of industries—including biomedical, robotics, and maritime research—across the United States, Canada, Europe, the Middle East, and the South China Sea area, as well as industries included in China’s Belt and Road Initiative. On July 19, 2021, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) unsealed an indictment against four APT40 cyber actors for their illicit computer network exploitation (CNE) activities via front company Hainan Xiandun Technology Development Company (Hainan Xiandun). Hainan Xiandun employee Wu Shurong cooperated with and carried out orders from PRC Ministry of State Security (MSS) Hainan State Security Department (HSSD) intelligence officers Ding Xiaoyang, Zhu Yunmin, and Cheng Qingmin to conduct CNE. Wu’s CNE activities resulted in the theft of trade secrets, intellectual property, and other high-value information from companies and organizations in the United States and abroad, as well as from multiple foreign governments. These MSS-affiliated actors targeted victims in the following industries: academia, aerospace/aviation, biomedical, defense industrial base, education, government, healthcare, manufacturing, maritime, research institutes, and transportation (rail and shipping).
Claim: Hainan is a territory of People's Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-02): U.S. Consulate General Guangzhou: has jurisdiction over Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan [...] 1469 Huai Hai Zhong Road (Near Wulumuqi Nan Lu) [...] Tel: +86 (27) 8563 2800 Fax: +86 (27) 5949 6496 E-mail:USConsulateWuhan@state.gov
Claim: Hainan is a territory of People's Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-28): Select up to 5 territories [...] From 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2024, encouraged enterprises registered in the Hainan Free Trade Port with operational substance in the Hainan Free Trade Port are eligible for a reduced CIT rate of 15%.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Sipilou (also known as Siquita) is a town in the far west of Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and seat of Sipilou Department in Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District. Sipilou is also a commune. Less than three kilometres to the west of the town is a border crossing with Guinea. In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Sipilou was 22,417.[2] Villages [edit]The 8 villages of the sub-prefecture of Sipilou and their population in 2014 are:[2]
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-19): Sipilou is a town in the Tonkpi Region in the Mountain District. It is a border town located in the West of Côte d'Ivoire, 6 km from Guinea, 65 km from the Department of Biankouman and 700 km from Abidjan. [...] Sipilou has an area of 8700 ha. The people of Sipilou of the Yacouba ethnic group belong to the Dan group. They are said to have come from neighbouring Guinea and Liberia. The authentic name of Sipilou is Sikpipleu in the Yacouba language, which means "the village of Sikpi" who was the founder. By transformation Sikpipleu becomes Sipilou. This locality was conquered by the emperor Samory Touré and his Sofa from Guinea. Samory Touré spent several months there, creating an inter-ethnic mix between the inhabitants of Guinea and those of Sipilou. Some of the Yacouba of Sipilou have relatives in Guinea known by the ethnic name Cônon.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-03-05): The territory that is now the Republic of Guinea was part of succeeding empires of West Africa, historically referred to as the Empires of Western Sudan, existing between the 10th and 15th centuries. The first of these empires was the Ghana Empire, which was conquered and annexed by the Songhai Empire; Songhai too was defeated in the second quarter of the 12th century. The Mali Empire then thrived, until the advent of the colonialists in the early 19th century. It is from this Mali Empire that so many of the people in present-day Guinea—like those in The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, Ivory Coast, the Republic of Mali, and others—trace their origins. Guinea`s Fulani population, its largest ethnic group, is believed to be descended from Berbers in the Niger plains. Among native Africans, the Mali Empire was called Manding, which is why the predominant ethnic group in Guinea, as in The Gambia, are called Mandinka, Mandingo or Malinke, which literally means people from Manding.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-23): Sipilou Department is a department of Tonkpi Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 73,109 and its seat is the settlement of Sipilou. The sub-prefectures of the department are Sipilou and Yorodougou. History [edit]Sipilou Department was created in 2012 by dividing Biankouma Department.[3][4] [...] - ^ "Le décret n° 2012-611 du 04 juillet 2012 portant création des Départements de Djékanou, Sipilou, Kong, Gbéléban, Taabo, Kouassi-Kouassikro, Méagui, Séguélon, Buyo, M'Bengué, Facobly et Dianra".
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-04): Relief de rti 2 sipilou avec julien assa Sipilou (also known as Siquita) is a town in the far west of Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and seat of Sipilou Department in Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District. Sipilou is also a commune. Less than three kilometres to the west of the town is a border crossing with Guinea. Sipilou Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-04-25): Sipilou, Kpéaba, close to the border between Côte d'Ivoire and Guinea. The ICRC is distributing seed, food and small agricultural material to returnees who arrived back in their village.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Forêt Classée de Sipilou 7°55'0" N 8°4'60" W 17:52 (GMT - UTC/GMT+0) Foret Classee de Sipilou (Forêt Classée de Sipilou) is a forest reserve (class L - Area) in (Guinea (general)), Guinea (Africa) with the region font code of Africa/Middle East. [...] Weather Forêt Classée de Sipilou (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.)
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Bougainville [edit]A secessionist revolt in 1975–76 on Bougainville Island resulted in an eleventh-hour modification of the draft Constitution of Papua New Guinea to allow for Bougainville and the other eighteen districts to have quasi-federal status as provinces. A renewed uprising on Bougainville started in 1988 and claimed 20,000 lives until it was resolved in 1997. Bougainville had been the primary mining region of the country, generating 40% of the national budget. The native peoples felt they were bearing the adverse environmental effects of the mining, which contaminated the land, water and air, without gaining a fair share of the profits.[45] The government and rebels negotiated a peace agreement that established the Bougainville Autonomous District and Province. The autonomous Bougainville elected Joseph Kabui as president in 2005, who served until he died in 2008. He was succeeded by his deputy John Tabinaman as acting president while an election to fill the unexpired term was organised. James Tanis won that election in December 2008 and served until the inauguration of John Momis, the winner of the 2010 elections. As part of the current peace settlement, a non-binding independence referendum was held, between 23 November and 7 December 2019. The referendum question was a choice between greater autonomy within Papua New Guinea and full independence for Bougainville, and voters voted overwhelmingly (98.31%) for independence.[46] Negotiations between the Bougainville government and national Papua New Guinea on a path to Bougainville independence began after the referendum, and are ongoing.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-02-21): Sipilou is not actually a town per se, but a commune (low-level administrative division) within the department of Biankouma, Dix-Huit Montagnes Region. A town called Samapleu (7°46'N, 7° 56'W), which is apparently located within Sipilou Commune, is about 15km from the border, so perhaps this is the "town of Sipilou" mentioned in the articles. This would place the disputed village along the stretch of the border that runs south from the Bafing before turning west. However, I haven't been able to turn up any places named "Kpeaba" (or anything similar in maps of that area).
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Territory of New Guinea The Territory of New Guinea was an Australian-administered League of Nations and then United Nations trust territory on the island of New Guinea from 1914 until 1975. In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of Papua were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of New Guinea at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. [...] - Territory of New Guinea - Former colonies in Oceania - League of Nations mandates - United Nations trust territories - States and territories established in 1919 - States and territories disestablished in 1975 - History of the foreign relations of Australia - Former states and territories of Australia - Australia–Papua New Guinea relations - 1919 establishments in Oceania - 1975 disestablishments in Oceania
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-19): Territory of Papua and New Guinea [...] - Territory of Papua and New Guinea - Australia and the Commonwealth of Nations - 1975 disestablishments in Oceania - Proposed states and territories of Australia - States and territories established in 1949 - 20th century in Australia - 1949 establishments in Papua New Guinea - 1975 disestablishments in Papua New Guinea - Former colonies in Oceania - United Nations trust territories - 20th-century disestablishments in Papua New Guinea - Papua New Guinea and the Commonwealth of Nations - Former states and territories of Australia
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-14): 1898 - French forces defeat the armies of Samori Touré, Mansa (or Emperor) of the Ouassoulou state, giving France control of what today is Guinea and adjacent areas.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-05-15): Guinea is the world's second poorest country, has tourist facilities to prove it, but is a friendly destination for budget travellers looking for a West African holiday. When France offered its West African territories the option of independence or autonomy as part of a Franco-African community of nations, Guinea embarked down the road less travelled and took its independence. Alienation from France broke the country, suspending it in a downhill journey through socialism, gross human rights offences and terrible poverty. Democracy's been around for about a decade, but prospects remain dim. [...] France negotiated Guinea's present boundaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the British for Sierra Leone, the Portuguese for their Guinea colony (now Guinea Bissau), and Liberia. Under the French, the country formed the Territory of Guinea within French West Africa, administered by a governor general resident in Dakar. Lieutenant governors administered the individual colonies, including Guinea. [...] There is transport to and from Cote d'Ivoire, but safety situations in that country remain unstable at the moment. The main route is between Lola and Man either via Gbakoré and Danané or via Sipilou and Biankouma but there are other routes with less trafifc though. If coming from Kankan, it's better via Bamako as roads directly to Cote d'Ivoire are bad.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-11): Biankouma – Sipilou or Danané – Gpableu) the use of HD so called 12 wheel trucks (usually second-hand trucks operating on construction sites in Europe) must be contemplated ( Lifting capacity 15 to 20 [...] SITARAIL 16 BP 1216 Abidjan 16 [...] SITARAIL is a consortium jointly owned by the governments of CI and Burkina Faso which operates both passenger and freight services
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-05): S’agissant des déplacements vers la Côte d’Ivoire via la route N’Zérékoré-Lola-N’Zoo, bon nombre de voyageurs débarquent généralement dans la région des Lagunes surtout à Abidjan (23%), dans la région des Montagnes dont Man (18%), Danané (15%), Biankouma (11%) et Sipilou (10%) pendant que peu vont dans la région des Lacs, précisément à Yamoussoukro (6%), dans la région du Haut-Sassandra notamment à Daloa (5%) et dans la région du Bas- Sassandra particulièrement à San Pedro (4%). Les origines et les destinations sont indiquées par la figure 3. La prédominance du poids de la Guinée dans les trafics routiers avec la Côte d’Ivoire s’explique géographiquement par la proximité frontalière et par les liens socioculturels historiques qu’entretiennent les deux pays. Les Manon, Guio, Guéré, Konon, Kpèlè, Dan, Yacouba, Milli, Maoka et Konianké cohabitent en harmonie dans les localités de Lola (en Guinée), Sipilou, Biankouma, Man (en Côte d’Ivoire), … (B. Traoré, 2014, p.88). [...] CAMARA Aly, 2019, Archives des Directions des Pistes Rurales des Régions Administratives de Guinée. Rapport, Kissidougou, Direction des Travaux Publics, 83p.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Schistolais leontica occurs in Guinea (Mt Nimba [Urban et al. 1997], Pic de Fon [H. Rainey in litt. 2007], Dalaba and probably elsewhere in the Fouta Djalon massif [Barlow et al. 2006], Pic de Tibé and Mt Tétini [R. Demey in litt. 2009]), north-eastern Sierra Leone (including Loma Mountains and Tingi Hills [Okoni-Williams 2001]), Liberia (recently described as a common, but local resident restricted to Mt Nimba, also occurring in other ranges of northern Nimba County, e.g. Mts Kitoma and Bele, and probably Mt Wuteve [Gatter 1997]) and western Côte d'Ivoire (Man, Sipilou and possibly Mt Nimba [Urban et al. 1997]). Recent fieldwork has revealed it to be extremely local and uncommon (Urban et al. 1997). A pair in breeding condition near Dalaba (Guinea) in October 1999 constituted the first breeding record for the species (Barlow et al. 2006). A total of just 26 pairs/family groups has been estimated at Pic de Fon (Demey 2009), while surveys of East Nimba, Liberia in 2011 located only 5 pairs/small family groups, suggesting the subpopulation there may be significantly lower than 250 mature individuals (Dowsett-Lemaire and Phalan 2013, B. Phalan in litt. 2017).
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-16): The decision to deepen cooperation among the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in the struggle against insurgencies in Mali and Nigeria has inspired a lively debate among scholars. Since no large-scale war has occurred between ECOWAS member states since its founding in 1975, it is reasonable to ask whether the institutionalisation of a Security Community was not long overdue. Furthermore, the official proclamation of ECOWAS as a Security Community should lead to the expectation that ECOWAS is a zone of peace and stability. This study questions the stability of ECOWAS security arrangements and subsequently examines whether ECOWAS can be considered a security community in the full sense of the term. The main goal of a security community is to provide transnational peace and political stability. However, armed border conflicts between neighbouring countries emerge occasionally due to unsettled territorial claims and ungoverned spaces in the West African region, which is largely affected by growing insecurity. However, armed border conflicts between neighbouring countries emerge occasionally due to unsettled territorial claims, such as the recent border dispute between Ivory Coast and Guinea over the Kpeaba village area near Sipilou (Siquita) and Nigeria and Benin over Okpara River leading to several casualties.
Claim: Sipilou is a territory of Guinea (Sipilou, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-04-23): SAMU Côte d'Ivoire 27 22 44 94 09
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Republic of China [edit]Hainan was historically part of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces and as such was the Qiongya Circuit (瓊崖道) under the 1912 establishment of the Republic of China. In 1921, it was planned to become a special administrative region (瓊崖特別行政區); in 1944, it became Hainan Special Administrative Region with 16 counties, including the South China Sea Islands. [...] People's Republic of China [edit]On 1 May 1950, under the People's Republic of China, the Hainan Special Administrative Region became an Administrative Region Office (海南行政区公署), a branch of the Guangdong provincial government. During the mid-1980s, when Hainan Island was still part of Guangdong Province, a fourteen-month episode of marketing zeal by Hainan Special District Administrator Lei Yu[17] put Hainan's pursuit of provincial status under a cloud. It involved the duty-free imports from Hong Kong of 90,000 Japanese-made cars and trucks at a cost of ¥ 4.5 billion (US$1.5 billion), and exporting them – with the help of local naval units – to the mainland, making 150% profits. By comparison, only 10,000 vehicles were imported into Hainan since 1950. In addition, it involved further consignments of 2.9 million TV sets, 252,000 videocassette recorders & 122,000 motorcycles. The money was taken from the 1983 central government funds destined for the construction of the island's transportation infrastructure (roads, railways, airports, harbors) over the next ten years.[citation needed]
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Mainland China "Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming, and Zhoushan.[1] By convention, territories outside of mainland China include: [...] Hainan is an island, but is nevertheless commonly considered to be part of the "mainland" politically, because its government, legal and political systems do not differ from the rest of the PRC. Nonetheless, Hainanese people still refer to the geographic mainland as "the mainland" and call its residents "mainlanders".[15][better source needed]
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-10): Hainan, China’s southernmost province, is renowned for its breathtaking tropical landscapes, stunning coastlines, and rich cultural heritage. Often referred to as the "Hawaii of China," Hainan Island boasts a diverse array of attractions that draw tourists from around the world. [...] - Tropical Paradise: Hainan is the smallest and southernmost province of China, known for its tropical climate and stunning beaches. [...] Hainan, the tropical gem nestled in the southern reaches of China, dazzles with its sun-kissed beaches, vibrant culture, and economic ambition. Aptly dubbed the "Hawaii of China," this island province is a fusion of natural splendor, from its lush rainforests and volcanic landscapes to its crystal-clear waters and palm-fringed shores. Beyond its scenic allure, Hainan is a melting pot of cultural diversity, echoing through its festivals, culinary delights, and historical landmarks. As it evolves into a Free Trade Port, Hainan is poised to shape the future of trade and tourism, inviting the world to witness its blend of tradition and modernity.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): The provision to establish special administrative regions appeared in the constitution in 1982, in anticipation of the talks with the United Kingdom over the question of the sovereignty over Hong Kong. It was envisioned as the model for the eventual unification with Taiwan and other islands, where the Republic of China has resided since 1949. [...] Defunct SARs [edit]In the Republic of China (ROC) era between 1912 and 1949, the "special administrative regions" (Chinese: 特別行政區; pinyin: tèbié xíngzhèngqū) were historically used to designate special areas by the Beiyang government, most of which were eventually converted into provinces by the Nationalist government in 1928. All were suspended or abolished after the end of the Chinese Civil War, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the ROC government's retreat to Taiwan, but they continued to exist as provinces under ROC law. The regions were: [...] - ^ a b c d Ghai, Yash P. (2000). Autonomy and Ethnicity: Negotiating Competing Claims in Multi-Ethnic States. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521786428, 9780521786423. p 92.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-15): Online Map of Hainan [...] Cities and Towns: Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou, Wenchang, Wanning, Qionghai, Dongfang, Wuzhishan, Dongfang, Ding'an, Tunchang, Chengmai, Lingao, Baisha, Changjiang, Ledong, Lingshui, Baoting, Qiongzhong.
Claim: Hainan is a territory of Republic of China (Hainan, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Hainan has long been on the fringe of the Chinese cultural sphere. Traditionally, the island was a place of exile for criminals and disgraced officials. As a frontier region celebrated by such exiled poets as Su Shi (Su Dongpo), Hainan acquired an air of mystery and romance. The famous Dongpo Academy of Classical Learning (Dongpo Shuyuan)—located near the northwest-central city of Danzhou, first established in 1098, and where Su gave his lectures to his students—is now a tourist attraction. The so-called Temple of Five Lords (Wugongsi) near Haikuo, which commemorates five disgraced high-ranking central government officials from Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) times, is also a popular destination for tourists. Among the cultural attractions of Haikou are the Hainan Provincial Museum and the Hainan Biodiversity Museum, both completed in the early 21st century. Dozens of cultural centres and public libraries are found in the outlying towns and cities.