copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The union territory is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. ... The territory that India administered on its side of the line, which contained both Jammu (the seat of the Dogra dynasty) and the Vale of Kashmir, took on the name Jammu and Kashmir. However, both India and Pakistan have continued to claim the entire Kashmir region - ^ a b Briticannica, Eds Encycl. (1 March 2021), "Ladakh", Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., retrieved 2 April 2022, Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-19): In 1954, Puducherry was merged into the Republic of India after attaining independence from French Rule and became the Union Territory of Puducherry. In 1963, Puducherry was granted the status of Partial Statehood. [...] In 2019, Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 was passed by the Indian Parliament and it reconstituted the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories-- UT of Jammu and Kashmir and UT of Ladakh. [...] Types of Union Territories in India
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-08): Again the Indian negotiators had to show that the traditional and customary boundary in this sector lay along the watershed range, "on which were the passes of Tsangchok La, Mana, Niti, Tunjun La, Balcha Dhura, Kungri Bingri, Darma and Lipulekh. Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda were in Uttarkashi district (formerly Tehri-Garhwal State), Barahoti in Garhwal district and Sangchamalla and Lapthal in Almora district, in Uttar Pradesh State." [...] The road from Milam passes through Sangchamalla; and Lapthal is south of Sangchamalla; it meant that both places are in India. [...] The Report concluded that as far as Sangchamalla and Lapthal were concerned, the evidence submitted by India was conclusive: "The Gazetteer Map clearly showed the pasture grounds of Sangchamalla and Lapthal as the northern most parts of the Patti Malla Johar of the Almora District and Milam was the northernmost village in the Patti. It was, therefore, clear that Sangchamalla and Lapthal were included in the traditional boundaries of Milam. The revenue settlements for Milam and the census taken in the area had also included Sangchamalla and Lapthal. The area upto the border had been regularly visited by Indian officials."
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-19): The Report of 1960 further noted: "In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas." The Indian delegates argued that the traditional and customary boundary in this sector lay along the watershed range, marked by the passes of Tsangchok La, Mana, Niti, Tunjun La, Balcha Dhura, Kungri Bingri, Darma and Lipulekh; therefor "Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda were in Uttarkashi district (formerly Tehri-Garhwal State), Barahoti in Garhwal district and Sangchamalla and Lapthal in Almora district, in Uttar Pradesh State."
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-06): Periodical Renewal from km 11/0 to 34/480 of NH51 under NH Division Rajkot Road and Building Departmetn in the state of Gujarat for the year 2022.23 length 23.48Km 714478 25.520 [...] IRQP from km 34/480 to 74/0 of NH51 under NH division Rajkot RandB department Gujarat in the state of Gujarat for the year 2021-22 Length 39.52 km 687732 49.380 [...] Construction and Upgradation of road to NHSL specification from Sumna i.e chainage km 0.0 to Km 22.050 (Design chainage km 0.0 to km 22.050)(Lapthal) of road Sumna-Lapthal-Topidunga (SLT) , in 21 BRTF area under Project Shivalik in Uttarakhand State on EPC mode (Length 22.050 Km)
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-05-31): This has been demonstrated by ever increasing transgressions, mostly in the Western Sector by the PLA—the Galwan valley; the Srijap range where India’s claim line extends to Finger 8 but doesn’t control the areas beyond Finger 4; and Naku La in Sikkim. India must be watchful for similar flashpoints in the Middle Sector, in areas such as Nilang-Jadang, Bara Hoti, Sangchamalla and Lapthal, Shipki La and Spiti as these are also claimed by China. Interestingly, having reinforced its 1960 claim line in the Western Sector, China is playing victim and accusing India of "provoking the incident" in Galwan valley "intentionally" and "trying to change the status quo unilaterally"; the version since 18 May has appeared in various print and social media outlets in China. Social media has been carrying reports of the 1962 flash points in this area and singing praises of the PLA’s valour. Wang Dehua, a veteran of India-China relations in an article in sohu.com on 19 May 2020 has even warned Prime Minister Narendra Modi that "Boundless is the sea of misery, yet a man who will repent can reach the shore nearby." Why is China behaving like this?
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-10): It is situated between China's Xinjiang Province and the Union Territory of Ladakh, once the state of Jammu and Kashmir. [...] Nelang, Pulam Sumda,Sang, Jadhang and Lapthal( Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand). [...] Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura: In the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, India is in charge of the valley known as Kalapani. It is located along the path to Kailash Mansarovar. India's most recent political map reaffirmed its claims to the territory that Nepal believes as its westernmost portion. The historic area is regarded by India as a part of Uttarakhand.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-12): Summary : Construction and Upgradation of Road to Nhsl Specification from Sumna I.E Ch Km 0.0 to Km 22.050 (Design Ch Km 0.0 to Km 22.050)(Lapthal) of Road Sumna-Lapthal-Topidunga(Slt) under Project Shivalik In... [...] Work Description : Construction and Upgradation of Road to Nhsl Specification from Sumna I.E Ch Km 0.0 to Km 22.050 (Design Ch Km 0.0 to Km 22.050)(Lapthal) of Road Sumna-Lapthal-Topidunga(Slt) under Project Shivalik in Uttarakhand State on Epc Mode(Length 22.050 Km)
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): At Kio Richardson was lucky to shoot a wild yak, which we had difficulty in recovering owing to the religious prejudices of the shikari. Descending the Kiogad, we travelled via Sangcha on the Balcha Dhura route, to Lapthal; here we were fortunate enough to shoot a 27-inch bharal and to pick up three other good heads. The numerous camping- grounds along this route are decorated with bharal heads, and at Sangcha we found a single ovis ammon horn. These had probably been obtained from beasts caught in snow-drifts and killed for their meat. At Lapthal, where we halted for five days, the sky was generally overcast and we had some snow which drove the game down. Here Richardson got a badly poisoned knee from a thorn of a small bush, common in these parts. For a time there was a serious danger of gangrene setting in, but it answered to treatment, and he was at last able to proceed, mounted on a spare mule. While halted here, we picked up numerous ammonite fossils, which we also found in smaller quantities later at Rimkin and at the approaches to the Bala Hoti pass*. Their presence would seem to indicate that we were near the junction of the sedimentary rocks and the gneissic mass of the northern Himalaya.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-18): "The Dhak Bridge assumes strategic importance as it provides connectivity to the international border at Rimkhim Axis, Nitipass, and Sumna-Lapthal-Topidunga Road for movement and logistics of our Armed Forces towards the northern borders," explained a senior officer.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-13): For Beijing, there are six ‘disputed’ areas in the Central Sector which stretch over the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, namely Chuva-Chuje, near Sumdo/Kaurik in Kinnaur district, an area south of Shipki-la (pass) in the same district; Nilang-Jadhang in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand; and three areas in Chamoli district, namely Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla.To these, one should add Kalapani/Lipulekh, recently included in Nepal’s new maps. [...] That this comes at a time of recrudescence of the Nepali border claims in the Kalapani area is a worrying trend which New Delhi should closely monitor. India should also not ignore some recent maps of the Indian boundary published in China. Though Beijing’s and New Delhi’s stands are similar in the Lipulekh/Kalapani sector, the Nepali claims are shown as ‘disputed’ by some ‘private’ maps published in China. Knowing that there is nothing such as ‘private’ in China, it should not be ignored.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-01): Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory claimed by China in 1954.[4] In 1960, China added Lapthal and Sangchamalla to the dispute and said that three places formed one composite area.[5] [...] Lapthal (or Laptel, 30°44′00″N 80°08′00″E / 30.7333°N 80.1333°E Chinese: 拉不底) is a large pasture towards the eastern end of the bowl. It is on the bank of the Lapthal river (or Kio Gad) in the Pithoragarh district of Kumaon. It is accessed from the Johar Valley of the Pithoragarh district via Unta Dhura (5350m, 30°34′35″N 80°10′21″E / 30.5763°N 80.1725°E), through the Girthi Ganga valley, and the Kyungar La pass (5250m, 30°39′03″N 80°09′32″E / 30.6509°N 80.1588°E).[citation needed] [...] Disputes [edit]Hardly had the talks ended, than China complained of armed Indian officials arriving in the area on July 8. India deemed it to be routine "revenue settlement operations" by Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, mounted only as a reciprocation to China sending their civil officials on 29 June but rejected the charges of carrying arms. Later that year, according to Indian Government, once winter set in and Indian border posts were dismantled, two adjacent areas (on east and west) —Lapthal and Sangchamalla— were intruded by Chinese troops only for China to claim all the three places (individually) next year.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-01-06): The management plan of the Pithoragarh Forest Division for 2011 to 2021 has proposed that the Lapthal region be declared a Fossil National Park. The region is close to the Indo-Tibetan border. Some part of it lies in Pithoragarh district and the rest in Chamoli district. [...] An 18 kilometre trek from Sumna in Chamoli district or a longer trek from Munsiyari in Pithoragarh district are the only ways to reach the area now. However, the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has proposed a new route from Sumna to Lapthal.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-09): NITI: Encountering the People's Liberation Army (PLA) is nothing new for the shepherds of Lapthal and Barahoti along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Sabari Ram has been running into them for a decade whenever he goes up to the grazing lands. [...] Shepherd Hari Singh, who returned early from Lapthal, said the PLA soldiers not only pulled down the tents as usual, they set fire to them. "They were so aggressive I thought they would kill us.'' Shepherds have to take a permit from the sub-divisional magistrate at Joshimath before proceeding to Barahoti and Lapthal, some 400 km from Dehradun, to graze their sheep. The permits are three to four months. Grazing begins after the snows melt in April-May.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of India (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-26): The period of heightened Chinese anxiety around the two-front threat in the 1950-60s also saw a spike in clashes along the India-China border. It was the most unstable and volatile period in the history of India-China relations. In 1955-56, there were a large number of Chinese incursions which India protested.[19] In July 1958, the PLA forcibly occupied the Khurnak Fort in eastern Ladakh. In September, it detained an Indian patrol party in Ladakh’s Aksai Chin for nearly five weeks.[20] There were also incursions in the eastern and middle sectors such as Lohit (Arunachal Pradesh), Lapthal and Sangch Malla (Uttarakhand.)[21]
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-20): Lapthal is located in the Pithoragarh district and Chamoli district of Uttarakahand, India.[1] Lapthal is historically part of India territory and currently controlled by India with some claim on the region by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. Origins of Lapthal [edit]The Lapthal Region, located in Pithoragarh District in the north-east of Uttarakhand, Himalayas, holds a fascinating geological history that traces back to the ancient Tethys Sea. During the Mesozoic Era, the Tethys Sea was a vast ocean separating the supercontinents of Gondwana and Laurasia. As tectonic movements gradually pushed these landmasses together, the Tethys Sea began to close, giving rise to the majestic Himalayas. Today, the Lapthal Region offers a rare glimpse into this bygone era, with marine fossils and sedimentary rock formations that once lay at the bottom of the Tethys Sea now visible on the surface. These geological remnants provide invaluable insights into the Earth's dynamic history and the processes that shaped the current Himalayan landscape. [2][3][4] [...] Presently, access to Lapthal is limited to trekking routes from Sumna in Chamoli or Munsiyari in Pithoragarh, although the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has plans to construct a new route from Sumna to Lapthal.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-06-21): Allied Powers Instruction (SCAPIN) No.677 clearly defined Japan’s power of administration to "include the four main islands of Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku) and the approximately 1,000 smaller adjacent islands, including the Tsushima Islands and the Ryukyu Islands north of the 30th parallel of North Latitude". On October 25, 1945, the ceremony for accepting Japan’s surrender in Taiwan Province of the China War Theater was held in Taipei, and the Chinese government officially recovered Taiwan. On September 29, 1972, the Japanese government committed with all seriousness in the China-Japan Joint Statement that "the Government of Japan fully understands and respects this stand of the Government of the People’s Republic of China [Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People’s Republic of China], and it firmly maintains its stand under Article 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation."
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The People's Republic of China is a one-party state governed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which considers itself to be Marxist–Leninist. This makes China one of the few countries governed by a communist party. The Chinese constitution states that the PRC "is a socialist state governed by a people's democratic dictatorship that is led by the working class and based on an alliance of workers and peasants," that the state institutions "shall practice the principle of democratic centralism,"[183] and that "the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party."[184] [...] Maps - Google Maps—China - Wikimedia Atlas of the People's Republic of China - Geographic data related to China at OpenStreetMap - China - People's Republic of China - Atheist states - BRICS nations - Countries and territories where Chinese is an official language - Communist states - Countries in Asia - Cradle of civilization - East Asian countries - G20 members - Member states of the United Nations - Northeast Asian countries - One-party states - Republics - States and territories established in 1949 - States with limited recognition
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-20): Macau is the other Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. Like Hong Kong, Macau was formerly a European colony, though it was not the British that controlled it, but the Portuguese. In 1557, Portuguese sailors arrived in Macau for the first time. In 1582, Portugal signed a land lease with China, formally bringing Macau under Portuguese control. From then on, the city became a thriving trading port. By the mid-19th century, however, trade was on the decline, especially after China ceded Hong Kong to the British, and larger ships began taking advantage of Hong Kong’s deep-water port. To help reverse Macau’s decline, Portugal made it a free port, and declared it a Portuguese colony independent of China. But the most fundamental period of Macau’s economic development came after it was ceded back to Chinese control in 1999.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China This article is about territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China (PRC). A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more political entities. Many of China's territorial disputes result from the historical consequences of colonialism in Asia and the lack of clear historical boundary demarcations. Many of these disputes are almost identical to those that the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei, also known as Taiwan, has with other countries. Therefore, many of the subsequent resolved disputes made by the PRC after 1949 with other governments may not be recognized by the ROC.[1] [...] - ^ "Ladakhi and Bhutanese Enclaves in Tibet" (PDF). John Bray. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-02. Retrieved 2021-08-05.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-08): At the 15th meeting at Beijing on July 18, 1960, while answering the question of the Indian side, the Chinese suddenly stated that Barahoti (Wu-je), Sangchamalla and Lapthal formed one composite area on the Chinese side of the alignment claimed by them, and there was no Indian territory wedged between these three pockets. [...] The Report continued: "In the winter of 1958, when according to usual practice, the Indian border check-posts retired south, Chinese patrols for the first time intruded into these two places; in 1959 the Chinese Government put forward a claim to these places; and now for the first time it was stated that Wu-je, Sangchamalla and Lapthal formed one composite area and the Chinese side claimed not merely these three places but also the territory lying between them, even though in the description given at an early stage of the meetings, Wu-je, Sangchamalla and Lapthal were specified as three separate places." [...] In any case Strachey had also said that "from Sangchamalla he had proceeded north towards the boundary of Tibet. Lapthal was to the south of Sangchamalla and, therefore, the evidence about Sangchamalla covered Lapthal."
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-11): Drilling began last year "near the Natuna islands within Indonesia’s exclusive economic zone", the site added. The area "overlaps China’s expansive ‘nine-dash line’ territorial claim covering much of the sea".
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-17): Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China The territory of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has frequently been revised since its formation on 1 October 1949. [...] See also [edit]- Land reclamations of the People's Republic of China - Borders of China - Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially, often called China (Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; literally "Central State"), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third or fourth largest country by total area.[16] Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): The People's Republic of China (PRC) (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國) is a one-party state in East Asia governed by the Communist Party of China (CPC). It was founded on 1 October 1949. It currently has more than 1.4 billion people (as of 2017).[3] It covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-26): The period of heightened Chinese anxiety around the two-front threat in the 1950-60s also saw a spike in clashes along the India-China border. It was the most unstable and volatile period in the history of India-China relations. In 1955-56, there were a large number of Chinese incursions which India protested.[19] In July 1958, the PLA forcibly occupied the Khurnak Fort in eastern Ladakh. In September, it detained an Indian patrol party in Ladakh’s Aksai Chin for nearly five weeks.[20] There were also incursions in the eastern and middle sectors such as Lohit (Arunachal Pradesh), Lapthal and Sangch Malla (Uttarakhand.)[21] [...] [59] Chinese Ambassador Sun Yuxi in an interview to CNNIBN in New Delhi on November 13, 2006 stated that ‘In our position, the whole of the state of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory. And Tawang is only one of the places in it. We are claiming all of that. That is our position.’ China Daily, "India, China in spat over border dispute,", November14, 2006, https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-11/14/content_733133.htm.