copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-12-19): This development is being widely covered by the media in Suriname and Guyana and nationalistic sentiment is running high in both countries over the disputed land, which in Suriname is known as Tigri and in Guyana as the New River Triangle. In 2011, President Desi Bouterse of Suriname said, "Let’s be clear on this; the Tigri area is our land." [...] The Suriname opposition has sent parliament speaker Jenny Gerlings-Simons a letter calling for Bouterse to come to parliament immediately to explain what is happening in Tigri.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-15): La région du Tigri (en néerlandais : Tigri-gebied) est une zone forestière faisant l'objet d'un litige entre le Suriname et le Guyana depuis 1840, à l'extrémité sud de la frontière entre les deux pays. Délimitée entre l'affluent supérieur de la Corentyne (appelée Bover Corentyne au Suriname et Upper Corentyne River au Guyana, autrement appelée New River) à l'Ouest et les rivières Coeroeni et Kutari à l'Est, cette zone de forme triangulaire est connue comme la New River Triangle au Guyana. [...] - (nl) Paramaribo, « Bouterse: Tigri-gebied is en blijft van Suriname », sur Waterkant, (consulté le ) - (nl) bchamch et ralal, « IS TIGRI WEL VAN SURINAME? », sur B-cham Chandralall, (consulté le )
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): PARAMARIBO, Suriname – Suriname has expressed its support for Guyana in its ongoing border dispute with Venezuela, but acknowledged that its Tigri border issue with Guyana cannot be taken to the International Court of Justice (ICCJ) for a settlement. "I have said it before and I repeat: Tigri is ours. That is our position. I immediately recognize that the other side has different views. That is why a procedure has been initiated to ensure that, in good consultation with each other to find a solution," Foreign Affairs, International Business and International Cooperation Minister, Albert Ramdin, told a news conference. [...] "Our position is that we support the territorial integrity of Guyana as it relates to Essequibo. Suriname is in favor of a peace zone and does not want an armed conflict to arise.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-01-24): The area known in Suriname as the Tigri area is known in Guyana as the New River Triangle. Suriname claims the New River Triangle area, which encompasses a mass of land that is larger than the size of Jamaica. The eastern boundary where Guyana, Brazil and Suriname meet was clearly marked out since 1936. Surinames claim to the Corentyne River area remains a matter of contention since there has never been a treaty that clearly demarcated the boundary between the neighboring countries. Both Guyana and Suriname claimed the South East Berbice region. Suriname considers the area part of the Coeroenie area of District Sipaliwini, whereas the Guyanese consider it part of their East Berbice-Corentyne region. The New River Operation was an operation launched by the GDF in August 1969 to clear all encroachers from the New River area and to recapture the Tigri Airstrip. This operation was named "Operation Climax" and was executed with maximum precision. Through this operation the GDF managed to recapture the airstrip and clear the area of all encroachers without any lives being lost. The operation was basically bloodless. Due to the surprise attack at dawn on the encroachers by the GDF the encroachers ultimate decision was a hasty withdrawal, thus there were no deaths, only some POWs. This operation was one of the most successful ventures of the force. In October 2015 Surinames President Desi Bouterse said that the issue regarding the New River Triangle territory, which both countries had been claiming intermittently for decades, was back on the agenda.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-03): PARAMARIBO, Suriname, CMC – Opposition parties have insisted that control acts committed by the Guyanese army in the disputed Tigri Area, claimed by Suriname as part of its territory, should not go unanswered. The issue was raised in a public session of the Parliament on Thursday by National Democratic Party (NDP) faction leader Rabin Parmessar following media reports that the Guyana Defence Force intercepted a Brazilian helicopter in the Tigri Area last week and detained two Brazilian nationals. Since 1969, Guyana and Suriname have been at odds over the sovereignty of the Tigri Area, known in Guyana as the New River Triangle. Guyana has laid claim to the area and, in 1969, used military force to drive out the Surinamese armed forces and has occupied it ever since.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-10-22): The Netherlands could not have bequeathed to Suriname at that country’s independence on 25th November 1975 what it did not possess. Guyana is confident that the boundary between Guyana and Suriname was definitively established by 1936. There is an agreement as to what constitutes the territory of Guyana and what constitutes the territory of Suriname despite the fact that there is no formal treaty that encapsulates that agreement. Suriname, in the absence of a formal treaty, sought to seize Guyana’s territory. Its claim was based on an arbitrary, municipal, legislative resolution passed in October 1965 by which the Staten changed the name of Guyana’s New River to ‘Boven Corantijin’ or Upper Corentyne. The President of the Republic of Suriname told that country’s National Assembly last month that the New River Zone (Tigri) issue will be placed "back on the agenda." The meaning of that statement is unclear. Inter-state relations over the past 50 years have encountered testing times. The Suriname government in Operation Schoon Schip (Clean Sweep) in 1985 expelled over 5,000 Guyanese (and Haitian) workers, on the pretext of ‘national security’.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-16): File:Suriname - Guyana Disputed Area - Camp Tigri Occupied Since 1969.jpg
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-06): Which two countries are involved in the "Tigri Area territorial dispute"? Notes: Suriname and Guyana are the two countries that are involved in the "Tigri Area territorial dispute". The Tigri Area is an area that has been disputed since around 1840 by Suriname and Guyana. It involves the area between the Upper Corentyne River (also called New River), the Coeroeni River and the Kutari River. This triangular area is in Guyana known as the New River Triangle. In 1969 the conflict ran high on and since then the Tigri Area is controlled by Guyana and claimed by Suriname. In 1971 both governments in Trinidad agreed that they continue talks over the border issue and withdraw their military forces from the disputed Triangle. Guyana has never held upon this agreement.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-23): During an National Assembly (AN) session, Parmessar criticized the government of Suriname for not taking measures against Guyana for Guyana’s actions in the Tigri area, a disputed area between the two countries. [...] The Tigri region has been in dispute since 1840. This territory is delimited by the Boven-Courantyne and the Coeroeni and Kutari rivers. Guyana refers to it as the New River Triangle. [...] Since 1969, the Tigri area has been controlled by Guyana. In 1971, both governments agreed that they would continue talks on the border issue and would withdraw their military forces from the disputed triangle. However, Guyana has never acceded to this agreement.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-31): KaNgwane (Swazi: [kaˈŋɡwanɛ]) was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government to be a semi-independent homeland for the Swazi people. It was called the "Swazi Territorial Authority" from 1976 to 1977. In September 1977 it was renamed KaNgwane and received a legislative assembly. After a temporary suspension of its homeland status during 1982, the legislative assembly was restored in December 1982. KaNgwane was granted nominal self-rule in August 1984. Its capital was at Louieville. It was the least populous of the ten homelands, with an estimated 183,000 inhabitants. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own[3] but flew the national flag of South Africa.[4] [...] KaNgwane ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 when the Interim Constitution dissolved the homelands and created new provinces. Its territory became part of the province of Mpumalanga. [...] The plans for the establishment of the Swazi ‘homeland’ continued, and in October 1977, the Swazi Territorial Authority elected Enos John Mabuza to become the Chief Executive Councillor of the ‘homeland’. The ‘homeland’ from there was named KaNgwane (a name, it should be added, that the authorities in Swaziland did not have a problem with).
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-29): It is not surprising, therefore, that anti-apartheid activists criticised the homeland leaders describing them as stooges and sell-outs. However, recent scholarship has challenged this assumption by demonstrating that the Bantustan leaders did have a degree of autonomy and some of them used this to help the liberation struggle. This was particularly true of Enos Mabuza, Chief Minister of the Swazi homeland of KaNgwane. Mabuza, working with another renegade Bantustan leader, KwaZulu Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi, was forthright in his refusal to accept ‘full independence’ for KaNgwane and also successfully challenged an attempt by Pretoria to cede parts of their territories to Swaziland in the South African Supreme Court. In addition to this, Mabuza also met the leaders of the banned African National Congress (ANC) in exile in Zambia in 1986.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-30): Eswatini, named after King Mswati II, is also referred to as KaNgwane, honoring Ngwane III. The royal house carries the surname Nkhosi Dlamini, with Nkhosi translating to "king." [...] In 1982, there was an unsuccessful attempt to transfer parts of South Africa, specifically areas of the Zulu homeland of KwaZulu and parts of the Swazi homeland of KaNgwane, to Swaziland. [...] As a response to the failed transfer, the South African government temporarily suspended the autonomy of KaNgwane.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-20): Ngwane III of Swaziland keyboard_arrow_down Contenido Ngwane III was an 18th-century king of the Swazi people whose reign ended in 1780, the son of Dlamini III and Ndwandwe. King Ngwane III is of special importance to the Swazi people; he was the one who gave the nation one of its names. When the Swazi people began to settle in the present territory of Swaziland, they called that territory kaNgwane (the place or country of Ngwane). The name kaNgwane has survived to this day, and is one of the names that Swazis use to refer to themselves.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-09-07): As a matter of fact, Swaziland, recently renamed eSwatini and previously known as KaNgwane, meaning "the country of place of Ngwane" was named after him. His followers also referred to themselves as bakaNgwane. Swazis, till date, alternatively use these names to refer to their country and themselves. [...] When Ngwane III succeeded his father, armed territorial conflicts with other Nguni clans, which he managed to withstand for a while, forced him to lead his people to the northern side of the Pongola River, thus making the bakaNgwane the founders of modern Swaziland. After settling, he declared Zombodze as the royal capital of bakaNgwane. Keep in mind that the Incwala, a Kingship ritual and one of the most important cultural ceremonies in eSwatini were first celebrated in Zombodze.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-08-15): And this:KaNgwane was created on 8 October 1977 as AmaSwazi, under the leadership of chief councillor Enos Mabuza. Its homeland status was suspended from June to December 1982, as South Africa tried to negotiate its incorporation into Swaziland. But popular protest frustrated the plan (the South African regime was always happy to listen to what its less privileged citizens had to say, you'll remember), and AmaSwazi was restored. Swaziland has pressured Pretoria for the return of Swazi-occupied areas of South Africa since the 1960s. In 1982 Pretoria agreed, but that decision was reversed by the South African Supreme Court. KaNgwane was carved out of land adjacent to Swaziland during the 1960s and was declared a "self-governing" territory with a population of about 400,000 in 1984. KaNgwane's Chief Minister Enos Mabuza tried to build an agricultural and industrial economy in the small, segmented territory, and he became the first homeland leader to grant full trade union rights to workers in his jurisdiction. Mabuza also led the fight against the incorporation of KaNgwane into Swaziland. During the late 1980s, he clashed with Pretoria by expressing strong support for the ANC, although many KaNgwane residents remained uninvolved in South African politics. I thought that since Mabuza was the main factor preventing the Swazi annexation of KaNgwane, if a more "predictable" (A pro-ANC and union leader is probably not what Pretoria wanted) leader had been appointed, could KaNgwane been annexed? And if it had, the following questions arise:
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-29): Discover the world with Possible KaNgwane Travel and Tours where every journey is a story to be told. Immerse yourself in breathtaking landscape, vibrant culture with very rich history and unforgettable experience in wildlife, lifestyle and adventure. Whether you are a couple, family, friends or groups looking for a perfect vacation to the Kingdom of eSwatini, we have the perfect adventure for you. [...] Our Tours & Services 1. Kingdom of eSwatini to Republic of South Africa Tour – PossibleKaNgwane Travel and Tours in a joint venture with Ntwanano Tours and Transfers has made the most exciting tour around the Kingdom and the Republic for only ten (10) days keeping on toes, getting the best and authentically touring experience from the two neighbouring countries. Join us to experience our adventure, sightseeing, wildlife, lifestyle, history and culture. Accommodations, meals and transport catered by the company, you only buy yourselves drinks . Pick ups at King Mswati 3rd International Airport at 15h00 for dates visit our website. Price: €3000.00 p/p. [...] 10. Visa Application – We as Possible KaNgwane Travel and Tours, helping our clients with visas is one of the many ways we cater for those comes from countries needs visa to enter the Kingdom of eSwatini. We only help those who have booked our tours whom such reasons can’t enter the country. Our management and staff are dedicated on making sure that your touring experience is made possible in many ways and nothing stops you from travelling in to the Kingdom of eSwatini.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland (/swɑːzɨlænd/ or /swɑːzɨlənd/; Swazi: Umbuso weSwatini ; sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini) is a sovereign state in Southern Africa. It is neighbored by Mozambique to its east and by South Africa to its north, west and south. [...] Malolotja National Park, MR1, Ngwenya, Swaziland
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): KaNgwane, former nonindependent Bantustan, eastern Transvaal, South Africa. It was created as a homeland for those Swazi people not residing in Swaziland. KaNgwane (and the independent nation of Swaziland) was the traditional homeland of the Swazi, who were organized into a kingdom in the early 1800s. In 1895 the territory of KaNgwane was taken over by the Boer South African Republic (later the Crown Colony of the Transvaal). Under the apartheid system, it was designated as the Bantustan for Swazi people in 1977. KaNgwane was one of the smallest of the Bantustans and occupied mostly highveld land. It consisted of two separate land units. The main portion formed a narrow strip along the western and northern border of Swaziland; and a smaller exclave lay immediately to the north. The capital was Louieville. Under the South African constitution that abolished the apartheid system, KaNgwane was dissolved and reincorporated into South Africa as part of the Eastern Transvaal (now Mpumalanga) province in 1994.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Eswatini derives its name from a later king named Mswati II. KaNgwane, named for Ngwane III, is an alternative name for Eswatini, the surname of whose royal house remains Nkhosi Dlamini. Nkhosi curiously means "king" in Ethiopian Semitic languages. Mswati II was the greatest of the fighting kings of Eswatini, and he greatly extended the area of the country to twice its current size. The Emakhandzambili clans were initially incorporated into the kingdom with wide autonomy, often including grants of special ritual and political status. The extent of their autonomy, however, was drastically curtailed by Mswati, who attacked and subdued some of them in the 1850s.[32] With his power, Mswati greatly reduced the influence of the Emakhandzambili while incorporating more people into his kingdom either through conquest or by giving them refuge. These later arrivals became known to the Swazis as Emafikamuva.[citation needed]
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-08-14): KaNgwane is among the 10 homelands that were created to rid South Africa of its Black citizens; this was carried out in terms of the Bantustan policy. The policy assigned every Black South African to a 'homeland' according to their ethnic identity. KaNgwane was the homeland of the Swazi people living in South Africa. It was situated along the border with Swaziland, and its capital was at Louieville. Kangwane was granted self-governance on 31 August 1984. In 1994 it was reintegrated into South Africa, like the other nine homelands, and it became part of the Mpumalanga Province.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-03-16): KaNgwane was the Homeland of the Swazi people living in South Africa. It was situated along the border with Swaziland, and its capital was at Louieville. In 1984, it was granted self-governance. In 1994 it was reintegrated into South Africa, like the other nine homelands, and it became part of the Mpumalanga Province.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-26): Kingship [edit]The reign of Sobhuza I marked a crucial phase in the history of Eswatini. As Sobhuza began his reign, KaNgwane was a realm centered in territory along the Pongola River to the south of modern Swaziland, whose northern reaches encompassed today's southern Swaziland. KaNgwane was ruled by kings of the Dlamini clan, who had earlier ruled an area in and around the Lubombo Mountains to the east. It was only under Sobhuza's grandfather, Ngwane III, ca. 1750, that the Dlamini kings conquered and established the country Sobhuza inherited, incorporating more than a dozen smaller chiefdoms led by chiefs from other clans. Early in Sobhuza's reign, the Ngwane kingdom faced strong risks of conquest by the more powerful Ndwandwe and Zulu kingdoms to the south in the 1810s and 1820s. Sobhuza moved the main royal center northward into what is now Zombodze central Eswatini, with many of his followers relocating as well. The former royal centers in Shiselweni became southern outposts.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-01-12): The wars and upheavals of the nineteenth century formed the basis for two dominant images of territory held by Mozambicans as well as by South Africans: the image of Gaza as the authentic territory of the Shangaan people and the historical image of Tsonga-speaking groups taking refuge from Mozambique to South Africa. [...] The majority, however, were allowed to settle on a temporary basis by the former Shaangan "homeland" governments of Gazankulu, the Zulu in Kwazulu and in Eswatini in kaNgwane, which provided them access to land. Homeland authorities actively encouraged the Mozambican settlement in their territories because, as Graeme Rodgers notes, "local chiefs capitalized on the opportunity of expanding their local support bases and in the other, it represented a gesture of independence from the central government in which they were politically and economically reliant." However, these refugees when found outside homeland borders were arrested and deported by the national authorities.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-28): - Ndlovu, S.M., 2018, ‘Sowing the Seeds of Political Mobilisation in Bantustans: Resistance to the Cession of the Kangwane Bantustan to the Kingdom of Swaziland’, Journal for Contemporary History, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 43–69. [...] - Southern African Institute of Race Relations Research Report (SAIRR), 1982, The Handing Over of KaNgwane and Ingwavuma to Swaziland, RR. 44/82. [...] Southern African Institute of Race Relations Research Report (SAIRR), 1982, The Handing Over of KaNgwane and Ingwavuma to Swaziland, RR. 44/82.
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland is sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini, and is a sovereign state in Southern Africa. It is neighbored by Mozambique to its east and by South Africa to its north, west and south. The country and its people take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified
Claim: KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini (KaNgwane, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-25): - Southern African Institute of Race Relations Research Report (SAIRR), 1982, The Handing Over of KaNgwane and Ingwavuma to Swaziland, RR. 44/82. [...] - Whitney, R. A., 1983, New Apartheid: International Law and the Transfer of South African Territory to the Kingdom of Swaziland, Boston University International - Law Journal, Vol. 2, p. 417. Archival Sources National Archives Kew (NAK), United KingdomNAK, CO 1046/703, Kopley, Gregory R., 1998, Swaziland’s Border Restoration May Hold Vital Model for Africa, Strategy 98, [G.R. Kopley President, The International Strategic Alliance Association], 1998. [...] NAK, DO 1057/159, Boundaries of Swaziland, 1960-1961, Khuzulwandle, Dlamini (Prince), (1994), Swaziland: The Case of a Country without Borders, Border Restoration Committee.