copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): The Paracel Islands are surrounded by productive fishing grounds and potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island. China has occupied all the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. China has built a military installation on Woody Island with an airfield and artificial harbor, and it has scattered garrisons on some of the other islands. Taiwan and Vietnam also claim the Paracel Islands. [...] Country name conventional long form: none conventional short form: Paracel Islands etymology: Portuguese navigators began to refer to the "Ilhas do Pracel" in the 16th century as a designation of low lying islets, sandbanks, and reefs scattered over a wide area; over time the name changed to "parcel" and then "paracel" Military - note occupied by China, which is assessed to maintain 20 outposts in the Paracels (Antelope, Bombay, and North reefs; Drummond, Duncan, Lincoln, Middle, Money, North, Pattle, Quanfu, Robert, South, Tree, Triton, Woody, and Yagong islands; South Sand and West Sand; Observation Bank); the outposts range in size from one or two buildings to bases with significant military infrastructure; Woody Island is the main base in the Paracels and includes an airstrip with fighter aircraft hangers, naval facilities, surveillance radars, and defenses such as surface-to-air missiles and anti-ship cruise missiles; combat aircraft have deployed to the island (2024)
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-01): The Paracel Islands are surrounded by productive fishing grounds and by potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, Vietnam. China has occupied all the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. China built a military installation on Woody Island with an airfield and artificial harbor, and has scattered garrisons on some of the other islands. The Paracel islands also are claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam. [...] Country name conventional long form: none conventional short form: Paracel Islands etymology: Portuguese navigators began to refer to the "Ilhas do Pracel" in the 16th century as a designation of low lying islets, sandbanks, and reefs scattered over a wide area; over time the name changed to "parcel" and then "paracel" [...] Military - note occupied by China, which is assessed to maintain 20 outposts in the Paracels (Antelope, Bombay, and North reefs; Drummond, Duncan, Lincoln, Middle, Money, North, Pattle, Quanfu, Robert, South, Tree, Triton, Woody, and Yagong islands; South Sand and West Sand; Observation Bank); the outposts range in size from one or two buildings to bases with significant military infrastructure; Woody Island is the main base in the Paracels and includes an airstrip with fighter aircraft hangers, naval facilities, surveillance radars, and defenses such as surface-to-air missiles and anti-ship cruise missiles; fighter aircraft have deployed to the island (2021)
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-11): Paracel Islands is the name for a number of uninhabited atolls and reefs in the South China Sea. They are about 330 kilometres (210 mi) from Hainan and about 400 kilometres (250 mi) from Vietnam. Currently they are under the control of the People's Republic of China, but Taiwan and Vietnam also claim them. The islands are uninhabited.[1] [...] Related pages [change | change source]References [change | change source]- ↑ "Paracel Islands" at CIA World Factbook Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine; excerpt, "no indigenous inhabitants"; retrieved 2013-4-19. - ↑ Paracel Islands Population - Demographics
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-25): Even more important, Hanoi’s contemporary claims over the Paracel Islands rest on it being the rightful heir to pre-1975 Republic of Vietnam’s sovereignty. Although the Vietnamese government released a statement of protest against Chinese occupation of the Paracel Islands on the occasion, many writers saw Hanoi’s absence of official commemorations this year as well as its attempt to control and sometimes prevent unofficial ones held by the civil society in the past as an example of Hanoi’s abhorrence of the former South Vietnamese government and its subservience to China at the expense of Vietnam’s national sovereignty. Some of them did not shy away from condemning the Communist Party of Vietnam as cowards.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The Paracel Islands (Chinese: 西沙群岛, Xīshā Qúndǎo; Vietnamese: Quần đảo Hoàng Sa) are an archipelago in the South China Sea, administered by China as part of Hainan Province, but also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam. They are a minor destination for patriotic Chinese citizens, not yet open to visitors from other countries. Understand [edit]The Paracels now have a small population of Chinese residents, mainly fishermen, who are encouraged to move here in order to bolster the Chinese government's territorial claims. (Each resident receives a daily subsidy from the government.) The islands are visited by cruises from mainland China; they're seen as a patriotic destination for Chinese tourists eager to help defend their country's territory. [...] It was occupied by the French in 1884, though the occuption was protested by the Chinese government. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, South Vietnam. China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. Following the fall of Saigon in 1975, the South Vietnamese claim has been maintained by the unified Vietnam.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-07): Vietnam/China: Chinese Oil Rig Operations Near the Paracel Islands [...] China’s decision to introduce an oil rig accompanied by numerous government vessels for the first time in waters disputed with Vietnam is provocative and raises tensions. This unilateral action appears to be part of a broader pattern of Chinese behavior to advance its claims over disputed territory in a manner that undermines peace and stability in the region. [...] Sovereignty over the Paracel Islands is disputed; this incident is occurring in waters claimed by Vietnam and China near those islands. These events highlight the need for claimants to clarify their claims in accordance with international law, and to reach agreement on appropriate behavior and activities in disputed areas.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-12-15): China: Huayang Jiao, 华阳礁 [...] Vietnam: Bãi Châu Viên China has 20 outposts in the Paracel Islands and 7 in the Spratlys. It also controls Scarborough Shoal, which it seized in 2012, via a constant coast guard presence, though it has not built any facilities on the feature. Since 2013, China has engaged in unprecedented dredging and artificial island-building in the Spratlys, creating 3,200 acres of new land, along with a substantial expansion of its presence in the Paracels.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-10): The PRC, Taiwan, and Vietnam each claim sovereignty over the Paracel Islands. In violation of international law, all three claimants require either permission or advance notification before a military vessel or warship engages in "innocent passage" through the territorial sea. Under customary international law as reflected in the Law of the Sea Convention, the ships of all States – including their warships – enjoy the right of innocent pass through the territorial sea. The unilateral imposition of any authorization or advance-notification requirement for innocent passage is unlawful. By engaging in innocent passage without giving prior notification to or asking permission from any of the claimants, the United States challenged these unlawful restrictions imposed by the PRC, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The United States demonstrated that innocent passage is not subject to such restrictions. The United States also challenged the PRC’s 1996 declaration of straight baselines encompassing the Paracel Islands. Regardless of which claimant has sovereignty over these islands, it is unlawful to draw straight baselines around the Paracel Islands in their entirety. Customary international law as reflected in the Law of the Sea Convention is both clear and comprehensive regarding the circumstances under which States can depart from "normal" baselines. The PRC-claimed straight baselines violate customary international law reflected in Article 7 of the Law of the Sea Convention. Furthermore, international law does not permit continental State, like the PRC, to establish baselines around entire dispersed island groups. With these baselines, the PRC has attempted to claim more internal waters, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, and continental shelf than it is entitled to under international law.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-01-19): In 1974, as US troops withdrew from Vietnam, China invaded the Paracel Islands, called the Xisha Islands by Beijing and the Hoang Sa Islands by Hanoi. The islands had been held by the US-backed South Vietnamese regime. [...] The two countries are locked in long-standing territorial disputes over the Paracel and Spratly islands, which both claim, and often trade diplomatic barbs over oil exploration and fishing rights in the contested waters. [...] Activists waved banners and shouted "Hoang Sa [Paracels], Truong Sa [Spratlys] belong to Vietnam!" before hundreds of uniformed and plainclothes police forced them to leave the area.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-19): But despite this close cooperation, the two Asian nations have struggled to defuse tensions over disputed territory in the South China Sea, a strategically significant and resource-rich waterway. Beijing and Hanoi both assert sovereignty over the Spratly and Paracel Islands, which sit hundreds of kilometers from both countries. [...] China gained control of the Paracel Islands in 1974 from then-South Vietnam after a battle for the archipelago. But Vietnam maintains its sovereignty rights based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which plays a crucial role in resolving disputes in the South China Sea. [...] "Vietnam's protest against China's hospital ship near the Paracels shows its position on the Paracels is firm. Vietnam has taken every opportunity to reiterate its sovereignty over the islands," she said.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-13): October 13, 2020 By Ryan McNamaraTensions in the South China Sea increased last April when a Chinese coast guard ship sank a Vietnamese fishing boat near the Paracel Islands—a fiercely disputed territory in the South China Sea. Disputes over island territories in the region have endured for decades, with China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei all making overlapping territorial claims. The region is rich in natural resources and biodiversity, holding vast fish stocks and an estimated 11 billion barrels of oil and 190 cubic feet of natural gas. [...] Tensions in the South China Sea increased last April when a Chinese coast guard ship sank a Vietnamese fishing boat near the Paracel Islands—a fiercely disputed territory in the South China Sea. Disputes over island territories in the region have endured for decades, with China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei all making overlapping territorial claims. The region is rich in natural resources and biodiversity, holding vast fish stocks and an estimated 11 billion barrels of oil and 190 cubic feet of natural gas. [...] Aside from creating manmade islands, Vietnam and China have also increased commercial fishing to strengthen territorial claims. China has expanded its fishing practices in the Spratly and Paracel Islands in order to bolster historical claims to the territories, going so far as to pay fishermen to maintain presence in its Spratly outposts. The use of fishing vessels as political pawns has led to conflicts such as the sinking of the Vietnamese fishing boat earlier this year and the arrests of several Chinese fishermen for illegal fishing in Vietnam in 2001.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-10-25): Sovereignty is disputed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. [...] Disputed territory claimed by China, Taiwan, and the Philippines [...] Disputed claims by Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-03): Looking to the modern era, the South China Sea became an area of contention starting in the 19th century when Vietnam, China, and European colonial powers such as France began to attempt to establish their sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Vietnamese King Gia Long and his successors dispatched flotillas to establish markers and Vietnamese sovereignty on the islands. This was followed by French expeditions in the 19th century. China also formalized its claim in the late 19th century, protesting SCS claims by Vietnam and its colonial power France by sending expeditions to the islands in 1903 and 1907. After serving as a strategic Japanese naval base in World War II, the fate of the Paracel and Spratly Islands remained in limbo. Using this ambiguity over sovereignty, in 1947, China’s nationalist government formally published what is now known as the "nine-dash line," which claimed that China’s sovereignty encompassed practically all of the SCS. The conflict then turned violent in 1974 and 1988 at the instigation of China. Chinese naval forces took control of the Paracel and parts of the Spratly Islands through violent skirmishes with South Vietnam (in the case of the Paracel in 1974) and Vietnam. [...] This historical context proves both the geopolitical and trading importance of the South China Sea. It also shows that the Paracels and Spratlys are deeply rooted in the historical tradition of the countries that border them.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Paracel Islands, group of about 130 small coral islands and reefs in the South China Sea. They lie about 250 miles (400 km) east of central Vietnam and about 220 miles (350 km) southeast of Hainan Island, China. Apart from a few isolated, outlying islands (Triton in the south, Lincoln in the east), they are divided into the Amphitrite group in the northeast and the Crescent group in the west. The low, barren islands, none of which exceeds 1 square mile (2.5 square km), lack fresh water. Turtles live on the islands, and seabirds have left nests and guano deposits, but there are no permanent human residents.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-29): The Paracel Islands belong to Vietnam. Not to China. [...] One of the country’s preeminent South China Sea experts, he helped curate the materials at the museum, including what he says is the earliest evidence of Vietnamese sovereignty over the Paracels: a map from 1686, which shows the islands as belonging tothe Nguyen Dynasty, which ruled much of what is now modern Vietnam. [...] And legally, says Hoskin, Vietnam may have given up any claim to the Paracels in 1958, when the then-Prime Minister of North Vietnam wrote a letter to the Chinese government saying that Hanoi "recognizes and approves" Beijing’s claims of sovereignty over the South China Sea and its territories.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-15): Vietnam claims the Paracel Islands (known as Hoang Sa in Vietnamese), which are also claimed by both China and Taiwan (and are known as the Xisha in Chinese), while China exercises control over the islands. Vietnam further claims the entirety of the Spratly Islands (known as Truong Sa in Vietnamese), as do China and Taiwan (which refer to them as Nansha). Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brunei also claim parts of the Spratlys. In the Spralty Islands, Vietnam currently occupies 25 features. [...] – Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Pham Binh Minh, 2014 "Vietnam has sufficient historical and legal evidence proving our sovereignty over Hoang Sa [Paracel] and Truong Sa [Spratly] archipelagos, and the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf in line with international law. We are determined to protect every inch of our land or sea from violation. For every Vietnamese, national territorial sovereignty is sacred and sacrosanct."
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-15): Interactive by Olivia Angelino, Thomas J. Bollyky, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli February 1, 2023 Global Health Program - [...] Webinar with Carolyn Kissane and Irina A. Faskianos April 12, 2023 -
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-07-05): Tensions between China and Vietnam over the disputed South China Sea are at their highest levels in years. On May 2, the state-owned China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) placed its deep sea drilling rig HD-981 in disputed waters south of the Paracel Islands. Vietnam objected to the placement, declaring that the rig is located on its continental shelf. China has since sent approximately 80 ships, including seven military vessels, along with aircraft to support the rig. In response, Hanoi dispatched 29 ships to attempt to disrupt the rig’s placement and operations. [...] China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has responded to Vietnam’s complaints by insisting that the rig was placed "completely within the waters of China's Paracel Islands." This presumably refers to the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone and continental shelf that those islands—which are occupied by China but claimed by Vietnam—would generate under UNCLOS if they met certain requirements. [...] A2: China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs appears to be basing its case on the assumption that Triton Island, 17 miles to the north of HD-981, or another of the Paracels meets the UNCLOS habitability requirement for generating its own continental shelf. If that were assumed to be true, then HD-981 would indeed fall within the maximum hypothetical area of dispute generated by the Paracels, shown in red below. This is the maximum dispute because it gives the tiny Paracel Islands equal weight in delimitation with the entire Vietnamese coast facing them—a proposition that borders on the absurd.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): HANOI -- A Vietnamese fishing boat was attacked in the South China Sea near the Paracel Islands, claimed by both China and Vietnam, and 10 crew members were injured, Vietnamese state media said Monday. [...] The Paracel Islands are about 400 kilometers (250 miles) off Vietnam's eastern coast and about the same distance southeast from the Chinese province of Hainan. [...] The Paracel Islands have been under de facto Chinese control since 1974, when Beijing seized them from Vietnam in a brief naval conflict.
Claim: Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam (Paracel Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-15): I would like to propose a discussion on this matter, sharing that, based on the information I have, the Paracel and Spratly Islands are territories under the sovereignty of Vietnam. I have researched from [Geofabrik Download Server] and would like others to share their opinions and knowledge on this issue. [...] The Paracel Islands are listed in the examples on that page, with a link to Wikipedia: Paracel Islands, which states, in part, the following: The ownership of the islands remains hotly contested. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Mainland China, Vietnam, and the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan all claim de jure sovereignty, although the PRC has had de facto control of the archipelago since the Battle of the Paracel Islands in January 1974.
Claim: Ryanggang Province is a territory of Republic of China (Ryanggang Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-11): Ryanggang Province (Ryanggangdo; Korean: 량강도; MR: Ryanggang-do, Korean pronunciation: [ɾjaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]) is a province in North Korea. The province is bordered by China (Jilin) to the north, North Hamgyong to the east, South Hamgyong to the south, and Chagang to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgyŏng. The provincial capital is Hyesan. In South Korean usage, "Ryanggang" is spelled and pronounced as "Yanggang" Korean: 양강도; RR: Yanggang-do, Korean pronunciation: [jaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]). [...] Although all of North Korea is economically depressed after Soviet dissolution, Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's "Rust Belt" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.[3] [...] Administrative divisions [edit]Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities (si) and 10 counties (kun). Each entity is listed below in English, Chosŏn'gŭl, and Hanja.
Claim: Ryanggang Province is a territory of Republic of China (Ryanggang Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): With a documented history of at least 2,500 years, a succession of people and empires have vied for control over all or parts of this territory. The territory came under the rule of the Qing dynasty in the 18th century, which was later replaced by the Republic of China. Since 1949 and the Chinese Civil War, it has been part of the People's Republic of China. In 1954, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) established the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) to strengthen border defense against the Soviet Union and promote the local economy by settling soldiers into the region.[24] In 1955, Xinjiang was administratively changed from a province into an autonomous region. In recent decades, abundant oil and mineral reserves have been found in Xinjiang and it is currently China's largest natural-gas-producing region.
Claim: Ryanggang Province is a territory of Republic of China (Ryanggang Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-02): Hyesan. The capital of the Ryanggang Province. Material was taken in a gorge, about 1000 m a.s.l., by the River Tuman-gang (China boundary) north-east of Hyesan (1 June). [...] In February 2005, Jilin Province’s Changbai County collaborated with Shandong’s Zhaojin Group to invest RMB 200 million in mining equipment in the Hyesan Youth Copper Mine in Ryanggang. The Hyesan Youth Copper Mine is one of the largest copper mines in Asia and its copper grade is 16 percent, double that of Northeast China. [...] Darlene Tymo, the WFP’s country director in North Korea, said that although official statistics from the North Korean government are not out yet, the main harvest of the year is believed to have been worse than last year and that could mean especially remote and impoverished areas — particularly the mountainous provinces of Chagang and Ryanggang along the border with China — could be looking at a harsher than usual winter ahead.