copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2020-11-17): WHO‘s Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer, launched today, outlines three key steps: vaccination, screening and treatment. Successful implementation of all three could reduce more than 40% of new cases of the disease and 5 million related deaths by 2050. [...] "Eliminating any cancer would have once seemed an impossible dream, but we now have the cost-effective, evidence-based tools to make that dream a reality," said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. "But we can only eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem if we match the power of the tools we have with unrelenting determination to scale up their use globally." [...] "The huge burden of mortality related to cervical cancer is a consequence of decades of neglect by the global health community. However, the script can be rewritten," says WHO Assistant Director-General Dr Princess Nothemba (Nono) Simelela. "Critical developments include the availability of prophylactic vaccines; low-cost approaches to screening and treating cervical cancer precursors; and novel approaches to surgical training. Through a shared global commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals and leaving no-one behind, the countries of the world are forging a new path to ending cervical cancer. "
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2021-06-22): An ambitious, concerted and inclusive strategy has been developed to guide the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. [...] Now is the time to act to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. To eliminate cervical cancer, all countries must reach and maintain an incidence rate of below 4 per 100 000 women. Achieving that goal rests on three key pillars and their corresponding targets:
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-03-05): - Prophylactic vaccination against HPV and screening and treatment of pre-cancer lesions are effective strategies to prevent cervical cancer and are very cost-effective. [...] - Countries around the world are working to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer in the coming decades, with an agreed set of three targets to be met by 2030. [...] As of 2023, there are 6 HPV vaccines available globally. All protect against the high-risk HPV types 16 and 18, which cause most cervical cancers and have been shown to be safe and effective in preventing HPV infection and cervical cancer.As a priority, HPV vaccines should be given to all girls aged 9–14 years, before they become sexually active. The vaccine may be given as 1 or 2 doses. People with reduced immune systems should ideally receive 2 or 3 doses. Some countries have also chosen to vaccinate boys to further reduce the prevalence of HPV in the community and to prevent cancers in men caused by HPV.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-05-01): HPV vaccination with concomitant HPV-based screening of young women has been proposed for faster cervical cancer elimination. We describe the baseline results of a population-based trial of this strategy to reduce the incidence of HPV. All 89,547 women born 1994-1999 and resident in the capital region of Sweden were personally invited to concomitant HPV vaccination and HPV screening with 26,125 women (29.2%) enrolled between 2021-05-03 and 2022-12-31. Baseline HPV genotyping of cervical samples from the study participants finds, compared to pre-vaccination prevalences, a strong decline of HPV16 and 18 in birth cohorts previously offered vaccination, some decline for cross-protected HPV types but no decline for HPV types not targeted by vaccines. Our dynamic transmission modelling predicts that the trial could reduce the incidence of high-risk HPV infections among the 1994-1998 cohorts by 62-64% in 3 years. Baseline results are prevalences of HPV infection, validated transmission model projections, and power estimates for evaluating HPV incidence reductions at follow-up (+/−0.1% with 99.9% confidence). In conclusion, concomitant HPV vaccination and HPV screening appears to be a realistic option for faster cervical cancer elimination. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04910802; EudraCT number: 2020-001169-34. [...] Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) and organized cervical HPV screening are the most powerful tools to eliminate cervical cancer1. HPV vaccination will eventually eliminate vaccine-targeted types of HPV from the population by herd immunity when vaccinated children become adults2. Similarly, HPV screening will eventually eliminate cervical cancer when the entire population has been screened for HPV1.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2020-02-22): Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries - PMID: 32007141 - PMCID: PMC7043009 - DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30068-4 Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries [...] Interpretation: Predictions were consistent across our three models and suggest that high HPV vaccination coverage of girls can lead to cervical cancer elimination in most LMICs by the end of the century. Screening with high uptake will expedite reductions and will be necessary to eliminate cervical cancer in countries with the highest burden.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2020-10-14): Large Study Confirms that HPV Vaccine Prevents Cervical Cancer , by NCI Staff In what many global health leaders are calling a milestone study, researchers in Sweden have confirmed that widespread use of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine dramatically reduces the number of women who will develop cervical cancer. [...] "Because HPV vaccination prevents persistent HPV infection and cervical precancer, the precursors to cervical cancer, we were confident we would eventually observe that HPV vaccination prevents cervical cancer. We also knew it would take time to observe that," said Aimée R. Kreimer, Ph.D., of NCI’s Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, who studies HPV vaccines and cancer prevention.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-03-05): Wave of New Commitments Marks Historic Step Towards the Elimination of Cervical Cancer
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2023-11-15): Amanda Pritchard, chief executive of the NHS in England will say: "It is truly momentous to be able to set out such an important, life-saving ambition today – to eliminate cervical cancer would be an incredible achievement and through a combination of our HPV vaccination programme, and our highly-effective cervical screening programme, it could become a reality in in the next two decades. [...] Martin Hunt, CEO of Jo’s Cervical Cancer Trust said: "We’re really pleased that NHS England is pledging to eliminate cervical cancer by 2040. The HPV vaccination programme is incredibly successful and has already led to an 87% decrease in cervical cancer incidence in women in their 20s. It’s fantastic to see renewed efforts to make sure that everyone has the opportunity to receive the jab and reduce their risk of cervical cancer. By improving the uptake of both cervical screening and HPV vaccines, we can make cervical cancer a thing of the past." Jane Lyons, CEO of Cancer52, said: "Vaccinating against HPV is vital in preventing not only almost all cervical cancers but in the prevention of other rare and less common cancers, such as mouth and throat cancer. NHS England’s commitment to eliminate cervical cancer by 2040 is admirable. It’s this kind of ambition we welcome from NHS England to achieve long-term change."
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-08-30): China has made considerable efforts in cervical cancer prevention since the late 1990s (fig 1). In 2023, the central government put forward the Action Plan for Accelerating Elimination of Cervical Cancer (2023-2030).3 As part of the Healthy China Initiative, a nationwide campaign launched by authorities in 2019 to promote overall national health, several pilot healthy cities have initiated demonstration programmes for eliminating cervical cancer, including health education and local government funded HPV vaccination for girls aged 9 to 14 years. By the end of 2022, 8 of 11 pilot cities (including Ordos, Chengdu, and Jinan) with free or financial compensation policies for HPV vaccination had achieved vaccination coverage of 80% or higher among targeted girls.4
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-02-13): One Dose at a Time: Mobilizing to Eliminate Cervical Cancer in Nigeria Nigeria introduced the single-dose HPV vaccine into its routine immunization program in October 2023. This marked a historic milestone in the fight against HPV-related cancers, including cervical cancer, which is one of the leading causes of death for Nigerian women. This momentous vaccine introduction was made possible by the Nigerian Government, through the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), with support and technical assistance from several key partners, including Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, WHO, UNICEF, and IVAC. [...] IVAC, led by Nigeria Country Director Dr. Chizoba Wonodi, played a pivotal role at various stages of HPV vaccine introduction such as offering technical assistance to the Nigeria Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NGI-TAG) during their evidence review to evaluate and recommend the vaccine and organizing a national stakeholder forum on cervical cancer elimination. With Gavi support, IVAC also identified and trained civil society organizations (CSOs) to address misinformation, mobilize young girls for vaccination, and ensure inclusivity for adolescent girls with disabilities. CSOs have extensive networks and are highly trusted within their communities, and so these sensitization efforts were crucial for vaccine demand generation and the ultimate success of the campaign.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2020-09-09): In August of 2020, the World Health Assembly adopted the global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. Vaccines against the human papillomavirus (HPV) can prevent the vast majority of the world’s 570,000 annual cases of cervical cancer. Increasing access to the HPV vaccine, as well as screening and treatment, for women and girls living in low- and middle-income countries is an important step for global gender equity, potentially leading to the elimination of cervical cancer within the next 100 years. HPV Vaccination is a Critical Step Towards Cervical Cancer Elimination
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-05-15): The human papillomavirus, or HPV, vaccine is cutting cases of cervical cancer right across the socio-economic spectrum, with most cases being prevented in more deprived groups, according to a major study funded by Cancer Research UK. [...] Today’s news adds even more weight to evidence that HPV vaccination works. Researchers found that over a 12-year period, the vaccine reduced cervical cancer incidence rates by nearly 90% and pre-cancerous conditions by around 95% in women who were offered routine vaccination at 12-13 years old in England. The study shows that the vaccine is much more effective when taken up by people in year 8 (aged 12-13) than later in life. [...] The HPV vaccine, combined with cervical screening, can dramatically reduce cervical cancer incidence to the point where almost no one develops it. Improving people’s access to both programmes is at the heart of NHS England’s recent pledge to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2040. ***
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2019-06-27): Indeed, the reductions in HPV infections and precancerous cells "are a first sign that vaccination could eventually lead to the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem," the study's lead author, Mélanie Drolet, an epidemiologist at Laval University in Canada, said in a statement. [...] In particular, the study found the HPV vaccine led to a reduction in the rates of abnormal pap smear findings. Pap smears are used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix that can sometimes develop into cancer. Five to nine years after a population was vaccinated against HPV, the researchers found a more than 50 percent reduction in cases of these pre-cancerous cells in girls 15 to 19. In vaccinated women 20 to 24, there were one-third fewer cases of these cells. [...] Whether or not a person has received the HPV vaccine, getting cervical cells regularly tested — through Pap tests and HPV screening — is still a crucial to reducing cases of cervical cancer and early detection, said Diane Harper, senior associate director of the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research. Rates of invasive cervical cancer dropped significantly in the U.S. when cancer screening was introduced in the 1940s, and there were less than half the number of cases in 2007 that there were in 1973, largely due to screening.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2019-12-02): Effective primary (HPV vaccination) and secondary prevention approaches (screening for, and treating precancerous lesions) will prevent most cervical cancer cases. [...] With a comprehensive approach to prevent, screen and treat, cervical cancer can be eliminated as a public health problem within a generation. [...] In May 2018, the Director-General of the World Health Organization announced a global call to action towards the elimination of cervical cancer, underscoring renewed political will to make elimination a reality, and called for all stakeholders to unite behind this common goal.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2018-06-06): The American Cancer Society (ACS) is committing to work towards eliminating cervical cancer in the United States in the next 40 years by increasing HPV vaccination rates and continued screening. To this end, ACS is launching Mission: HPV Cancer Free, a public health campaign to eliminate vaccine-preventable HPV cancers, starting with cervical cancer. The goal of the campaign is to have 80 percent of 13-year-old boys and girls in the US fully vaccinated with HPV vaccine by 2026—20 years after introduction of the first HPV vaccine. [...] "If we can achieve sustained 80% HPV vaccination in pre-teen boys and girls, combined with continued screening and treatment for cervical pre-cancers, we could see the elimination of cervical cancer in the US within 40 years," said Richard C. Wender, M.D., chief cancer control officer for the American Cancer Society. "No cancer has been eliminated yet, but we believe if these conditions are met, the elimination of cervical cancer is a very real possibility." [...] UPDATE June 7, 2018: The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers have endorsed the goal of eliminating cancers caused by HPV through gender-neutral HPV vaccination and evidence-based cancer screening.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-03-05): HPV vaccines play a central role on the path to eliminating cervical cancer, but millions of girls still lack access. [...] Yet routine vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), the leading cause of cervical cancer, can prevent the vast majority of cases. When combined with cervical cancer screening and treatment, HPV vaccines play a central role on the path to eliminating this deadly disease. [...] 3. HPV vaccines can protect against up to 90 per cent of cervical cancer cases.
Claim: HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer (Kaitlin Sullivan, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2020-12-17): The WHO’s Global Strategy for the Elimination of Cervical Cancer a Public Health Problem provides a roadmap, through the following 90-70-90 targets for 2030: - 90% of girls fully vaccinated with the HPV vaccine by age 15 - 70% of women are screened with a high-performance test by 35 and 45 years of age - 90% of women identified with cervical disease receive treatment (90% of women with pre-cancer treated; 90% of women with invasive cancer managed) Civil society will play a crucial role to help meet these targets: we must work together and advocate for accessible and affordable cervical cancer prevention and treatment services, and to increase awareness of cervical cancer prevention within our communities to help put our countries on the path to elimination.
Claim: unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed (Tony Abbott, 2017-11-10)
Evidence (2017-11-10): Globally, weather station data show that the world has warmed by roughly 1 °C so far–as has Australia. The warming trend over the last couple decades has matched climate model projections made during that time period.
Claim: unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed (Tony Abbott, 2017-11-10)
Evidence (2024-10-09): However, the claim is false, and the opposite is true. Since reliable temperature recording began in 1910, Australia’s climate has warmed by an average of 1.47 degrees Celsius, give or take 0.24C. [...] The report states Australia’s climate has warmed by an average of 1.47C, give or take 0.24C, since 1910, with most of the warming occurring since 1950. [...] The claim that Australian temperatures have been cooling over the last century is false. Data from the Bureau of Meteorology and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change show that national average surface temperatures in Australia have been increasing since reliable records began in 1910.
Claim: unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed (Tony Abbott, 2017-11-10)
Evidence (2015-01-28): An article in The Australian today has once again raised the question of why scientists, in trying to estimate how the global and regional surface temperatures of Earth may have changed over the past century or so, "adjust" the raw temperature data. [...] I encourage anyone who worries about the sort of adjustments made by NASA or NOAA, or in Australia by the Bureau of Meteorology, to go to the Berkeley Earth website, look at their independent results, and perhaps even do some calculations themselves to check what these other groups have done. But don’t just think that the raw data will tell you much more than that the way the thermometer has been exposed has changed, or a car park has been built nearby, or a suburb now surrounds what once was a rural station.
Claim: unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed (Tony Abbott, 2017-11-10)
Evidence (2017-05-15): Australian climate extremes at 1.5 °C and 2 °C of global warming [...] To avoid more severe impacts from climate change, there is international agreement to strive to limit warming to below 1.5 °C. However, there is a lack of literature assessing climate change at 1.5 °C and the potential benefits in terms of reduced frequency of extreme events1,2,3. Here, we demonstrate that existing model simulations provide a basis for rapid and rigorous analysis of the effects of different levels of warming on large-scale climate extremes, using Australia as a case study. We show that limiting warming to 1.5 °C, relative to 2 °C, would perceptibly reduce the frequency of extreme heat events in Australia. The Australian continent experiences a variety of high-impact climate extremes that result in loss of life, and economic and environmental damage. Events similar to the record-hot summer of 2012–2013 and warm seas associated with bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 would be substantially less likely, by about 25% in both cases, if warming is kept to lower levels. The benefits of limiting warming on hydrometeorological extremes are less clear. This study provides a framework for analysing climate extremes at 1.5 °C global warming. [...] Figure 1: Australian climate under varying levels of human-induced climate change.
Claim: unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed (Tony Abbott, 2017-11-10)
Evidence (2020-04-14): Across 166 Australian estuaries over the last 12 years, the summer estuary water temperature increased on average by 2.16 °C (0.2 °C year−1), pH decreased by ~0.5 pH units and salinity decreased slightly (mean −0.97, −0.086 PSU year−1). Australian air and sea temperatures have increased by ~1 °C since 191021; however, eastern Australia is warming faster than the rest of the continent. Over the last decade, summer air temperatures in eastern Australia have generally increased by 1.5 °C, and sea surface temperatures have increased by ~1 °C compared with the 1961–1990 average20. Our findings show that overall, estuaries are warming generally faster than these temperatures, with much of the warming concentrated in lagoons and rivers, with less change in lakes and creeks. Previous work has shown that small inland creeks22 and large riverine estuaries6,8,9 follow the trend of air temperature. Our results suggest that this may hold true for some estuaries; however, the drivers of change are complex, and the factors affecting the degree of warming in estuaries are more than just air or ocean temperature.
Claim: unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed (Tony Abbott, 2017-11-10)
Evidence (2021-01-08): The mean temperature for the 10 years from 2011 to 2020 was the highest on record, at 0.94 °C above average, and 0.33 °C warmer than the 10 years 2001–2010. All years since 2013 have been amongst the ten warmest on record for Australia. Of the ten warmest years, only one (1998) occurred before 2005. Australia's climate has warmed on average by 1.44 ± 0.24 °C since national records began in 1910. Most of this warming has occurred since 1950. [...] In addition to the influence of natural drivers, Australia's climate is increasingly affected by global warming and natural variability takes place on top of this background trend. Australia's climate has warmed on average by 1.44 ± 0.24 °C since national records began in 1910, with most of the warming occurring since 1950. The ocean waters around Australia have also warmed significantly over the past century, and have been very warm consistently across the past two decades. The background warming trend can only be explained by human influence on the global climate. The role of climate change is further discussed in State of the Climate 2020. [...] The annual 2020 sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly for the Australian region was the equal-fourth-highest on record; 0.59 °C above the 1961–1990 average based on data from the NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature dataset, ERSST v5. SSTs around Australia have warmed by around one degree since 1910, similar to the increase in temperature observed over land. Above average annual SSTs have been observed for the Australian region for every year since 1995, and have been persistently high for the past decade.