copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example – the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down. (Social media users, 2024-03-04)
Evidence (2018-06-29): Meitner, Lise meitnerium melaleuca tree melamine melanin melanism melanoma melon meltdown melting point membrane memory (computing) memory (psychology) menagerie Mendel, Gregor Johann mendelevium Mendeleyev, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendelism menhaden menhir Ménière's disease meningitis meningococcus meniscus meniscus (biology) menopause menstrual cycle mental disability mental illness menu Mercalli scale Mercator, Gerardus merchant navy Mercury (astronomy) mercury mercury fulminate Mercury project merganser meridian merino meristem merlin MERLIN array mermaid's purse mesa mescaline Mesmer, Friedrich Anton (or Franz) mesmerism mesoglea Mesolithic meson mesophyll mesosphere Mesozoic messaging Messerschmitt, Willy (Wilhelm Emil) Messier, Charles Messier catalogue metabolism metal metal detector metal fatigue metallic bond metallic character metallic glass metallographic examination metalloid metallurgy metamorphic rock metamorphism metamorphosis (biology) metazoa Metchnikoff, Elie meteor meteor-burst communications meteorite meteorology meter methanal methane methanogenic bacteria methanoic acid methanol methionine methyl alcohol methylated spirit methyl benzene methyl orange metre (science) metric system metric ton mg MHD mho mi mica Michaelmas daisy Michelson, Albert Abraham MICR micromicrobe microbiology microchip microclimate microcomputer microfiche microform micrometer (instrument) micrometre micro-organism microphone microprocessor micropropagation micropyle microscope microsurgery microtubules microwave heating microwave radiation Mid-Atlantic Ridge midge MIDI midnight sun mid-ocean ridge midwifery mifepristone mignonette migraine migration Milankovitch hypothesis mildew mile milfoil milk milking machine milk teeth Milky Way Millennium [...] butte steep-sided, flat-topped hill, formed in horizontally layered sedimentary rocks, largely in arid areas. A large butte with a pronounced tablelike profile is a mesa. Buttes and mesas are characteristic of semi-arid areas where remnants of resistant rock layers protect softer rock underneath, as in the plateau regions of Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, USA. [...] W 74 183.85 19.1 2,900–3,000
Claim: Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example – the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down. (Social media users, 2024-03-04)
Evidence (2022-07-27): Skip to main content [...] Serves as a comprehensive resource for students and professionals 87k Accesses 58 Citations 19 [...] Similar content being viewed by others
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2023-03-23): Scientific studies showed that COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause miscarriage or stillbirths. Pharmacosurveillance monitoring databases such as VAERS cannot be used alone to establish a causal association between vaccination and any medical condition. Public health agencies and medical associations recommend pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2021-09-23): Vaccinating against Covid does not increase the risk of miscarriage or birth defects, officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. [...] Olson cited a CDC study on Covid vaccine-related miscarriages conducted from Dec. 14 through July 19. The report factored into its findings a 12.8% risk of miscarriage by the 20th week of gestation among 2,456 participants who received Pfizer's or Moderna's vaccines while pregnant, which is the normal risk of miscarriage after adjusting for the mom's age. [...] Just 45 babies in the group were born with birth defects, and Olson reported no uncommon types or clusters of birth defects to the panel. Covid vaccines aren't connected to stillbirths either, said Dr. Elyse Kharbanda, a researcher with the HealthPartners Institute who presented her findings before the committee.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2023-05-02): Michael P Rimmer, Jhia J Teh, Scott C Mackenzie, Bassel H Al Wattar, The risk of miscarriage following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Human Reproduction, Volume 38, Issue 5, May 2023, Pages 840–852, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead036 [...] We identified 21 studies reporting miscarriage or live birth/ongoing pregnancy outcomes among 149 685 women. Our results demonstrate no apparent increase in the risk of miscarriage among pregnant women who received the COVID-19 vaccines, which was consistent with the rate of miscarriage in the general population before the pandemic (Quenby et al., 2021). Compared to unvaccinated women, those who received the vaccine had a slightly higher risk of miscarriage, though this was not statistically significant. This trend could be explained by several confounders, such as population socio-economics, baseline risk factors (e.g. recurrent pregnancy loss), co-morbidities, and access to healthcare services, which were observed in cohort studies evaluating third-trimester pregnancy outcomes among vaccinated women (Fell et al., 2022; Magnus et al., 2022). There was no significant difference in the RR of live birth or ongoing pregnancy among women who received COVID-19 vaccination compared to those who did not receive a vaccine.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2023-02-05): The risk of miscarriage following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PMID: 36794918 - PMCID: PMC10152171 - DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead036 [...] Summary answer: There is no evidence that COVID-19 vaccines are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. [...] Main results and the role of chance: We included data from 21 studies (5 randomized trials and 16 observational studies) reporting on 149 685 women. The pooled rate of miscarriage among women who received a COVID-19 vaccine was 9% (n = 14 749/123 185, 95% CI 0.05-0.14). Compared to those who received a placebo or no vaccination, women who received a COVID-19 vaccine did not have a higher risk of miscarriage (risk ratio (RR) 1.07, 95% CI 0.89-1.28, I2 35.8%) and had comparable rates for ongoing pregnancy or live birth (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97-1.03, I2 10.72%).
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2022-10-01): Reductions in stillbirths and preterm birth in COVID-19-vaccinated women: a multicenter cohort study of vaccination uptake and perinatal outcomes - PMID: 36336084 - PMCID: PMC9632261 - DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.040 Reductions in stillbirths and preterm birth in COVID-19-vaccinated women: a multicenter cohort study of vaccination uptake and perinatal outcomes [...] Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduction in stillbirth and preterm birth, and not associated with any adverse impact on fetal growth or development. Vaccine coverage was substantially influenced by known social determinants of health.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2024-10-08): COVID-19 vaccination remains the best protection against COVID-19-related hospitalization and death for you and your baby. CDC recommendations align with those from professional medical organizations including the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine, and American Society for Reproductive Medicine. [...] - It is safe to receive an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech), before and during pregnancy. Both vaccines show no increased risk for complications like miscarriage, preterm delivery, stillbirth, or birth defects12. - mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy are effective. They reduce the risk of severe illness and other health effects from COVID-19 for people who are pregnant. COVID-19 vaccination might help prevent stillbirths and preterm delivery1234.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2022-08-17): We observed a reduction in stillbirth risk among vaccinated individuals (adjusted hazard ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.84), even after adjustment for a range of potential confounders through propensity score weighting. A reduced risk of stillbirth was also observed in the Scandinavian study, although the estimate was smaller in magnitude (pooled adjusted hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.17).16 Collectively, the findings from these two studies are reassuring and are consistent with no increased risk of stillbirth after covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy. In contrast, covid-19 disease during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of stillbirth.6 Although fetal viraemia from SARS-CoV-2 transmission across the placenta is considered uncommon, it is biologically plausible that vaccination could protect against stillbirth through preventing SARS-CoV-2-associated placental damage35 or other immunological responses to clinical or subclinical infection. Nevertheless, we did not observe any difference in our findings in sensitivity analyses adjusting for confirmed covid-19 during pregnancy or after excluding individuals with covid-19 during pregnancy, suggesting it is unlikely to fully account for the suggested protective benefit of vaccination during pregnancy.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2024-05-15): Claim "Covid-19 vaccines caused "unprecedented rise in sudden cardiac events, miscarriages and stillbirths, blood clots, myocarditis in youth, and sudden deaths among all ages."Response Receiving the shot does not increase the risk of death from non-COVID causes. That conclusion is based on safety monitoring after more than 675 million doses of vaccine have been administered.COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is safe and not linked to an increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirth, according to safety monitoring and research.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2024-10-08): A new study from Yale researchers in Obstetrics and Gynecology shows no link between stillbirth and COVID-19 vaccines. Moreover, pregnant women who had received COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy were at a decreased risk of preterm birth. [...] "The results of this robust case-control study can be used to reassure both pregnant patients and health care professionals that COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss," said study author Anna Denoble, MD, in a press release. [...] Overall, 38.4% of patients experiencing stillbirth received a COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy, compared with 39.3% of those with live births.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2023-03-30): COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause miscarriages or stillbirths contrary to misleading interpretations of VAERS data Scientific studies showed that COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause miscarriage or stillbirths. Pharmacosurveillance monitoring databases such as VAERS cannot be used alone to establish a causal association between vaccination and any medical condition. Public health agencies and medical associations recommend pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19. [...] In conclusion, all these studies consistently showed that COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause miscarriages or stillbirths.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2024-09-11): COVID-19 vaccination is the safest and most effective way for women to protect themselves and their baby against COVID-19. [...] Getting vaccinated against COVID-19 reduces the risk of having a stillbirth. There's no evidence COVID-19 vaccination increases the risk of having a miscarriage, pre-term birth or other complications in your pregnancy.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2021-08-11): The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention urged all pregnant women Wednesday to get the COVID-19 vaccine as hospitals in hot spots around the U.S. see disturbing numbers of unvaccinated mothers-to-be seriously ill with the virus. Expectant women run a higher risk of severe illness and pregnancy complications from the coronavirus, including perhaps miscarriages and stillbirths. But their vaccination rates are low, with only about 23 percent having received at least one dose, according to CDC data. "The vaccines are safe and effective, and it has never been more urgent to increase vaccinations as we face the highly transmissible delta variant and see severe outcomes from COVID-19 among unvaccinated pregnant people," CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said in a statement. The updated guidance comes after a CDC analysis of new safety data on 2,500 women showed no increased risks of miscarriage for those who received at least one dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine before 20 weeks of pregnancy. The analysis found a miscarriage rate of around 13 percent, within the normal range. The CDC’s advice echoes recent recommendations from top obstetrician groups.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2022-08-04): Unvaccinated women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy were at a higher risk of stillbirths. They also were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit, give birth prematurely or die. Yet their greatest protection — the COVID-19 vaccine — sat largely untouched, buried under doubt, polluted by disinformation. [...] Although stillbirths were rare overall, babies were dying. The risk of a stillbirth nearly doubled for those who had COVID-19 during pregnancy compared with those who didn’t. And during the spread of the delta variant, that risk was four times higher. [...] "We have a set of data saying that the vaccination is safe, and we have a set of data saying that COVID causes an increase in stillbirth. When you’re seeing those two," she said, "to me it says, ‘Get the vaccine.’"
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2022-06-21): We also now know that getting sick with COVID while pregnant can increase the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth. Vaccination helps protect you and your baby from the most serious outcomes of COVID illness. [...] If you get COVID while you are pregnant, you can become seriously ill. Getting sick with COVID can lead to a higher risk for miscarriage, pre-term birth, stillbirth and death. More than 29,000 pregnant people have been hospitalized with COVID and hundreds have died, according to the [...] COVID-19 vaccine safety has been monitored in tens of thousands of pregnant people. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration and other advisory groups continue to monitor safety.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2020-01-22): Available data shows that a pregnant woman who has a COVID-19 vaccine is not at an increased risk of having adverse pregnancy outcomes. Worldwide data, looking at many thousands of people vaccinated in pregnancy, has reported no increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth or stillbirth following vaccination. Nor does vaccination increase the risk of a small-for-gestational age baby or developing congenital anomalies. One of these studies, from St George’s, University of London, published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG) on 9 August 2021, compared pregnancy outcomes for women who had received a COVID-19 vaccine and those who had not. The study found there were no significant differences between the two groups, with no increase in stillbirths or premature births, no anomalies with development and no evidence of babies being smaller or bigger. [...] The UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency’s (MHRA) Yellow Card scheme collects and monitors information on safety concerns, such as suspected side-effects or adverse incidents involving medicines and medical devices, including vaccines. They have been analysing reports of miscarriage and stillbirth in pregnant women who have received the COVID-19 vaccines and have not identified any pattern to suggest the COVID-19 vaccines used in the UK, or any reactions to these vaccines, increase the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2021-11-23): The adjusted risk for stillbirth was higher in deliveries with COVID-19 compared with deliveries without COVID-19 during March 2020–September 2021 (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.69–2.15), including during the pre-Delta (aRR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.27–1.71) and Delta periods (aRR = 4.04; 95% CI = 3.28–4.97). COVID-19 documented at delivery was associated with increased risk for stillbirth, with a stronger association during the period of Delta variant predominance. Implementing evidence-based COVID-19 prevention strategies, including vaccination before or during pregnancy, is critical to reducing the impact of COVID-19 on stillbirths. [...] This analysis adds to growing evidence of an association between COVID-19 in pregnancy and stillbirth, highlights that the risk for stillbirth associated with COVID-19 is affected by maternal morbidity, and demonstrates that the risk has increased during the Delta period. Further investigation from prospective studies is warranted to confirm these findings, identify the biologic mechanism for the observed increased risk for stillbirth with maternal COVID-19, and assess differences in risks relative to the timing and severity of infection and the contribution of maternal risk factors. In addition, further investigation of vaccine effectiveness during pregnancy, including prevention of stillbirth, is warranted. Most importantly, these findings underscore the importance of COVID-19 prevention strategies, including vaccination before or during pregnancy.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2023-12-04): We read with interest the systematic review by Rimmer et al. (2023) and noted our manuscript (Thorp et al., 2022) that reported significant harms to pregnant women and infants was omitted. We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study assessing rates of adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccines experienced by women of reproductive age, focusing on pregnancy and menstruation, using data collected by the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database from 1 January 1998 to 30 June 2022. The proportional reporting ratio comparing AEs reported after COVID-19 vaccines with those reported after influenza vaccines is significantly increased (≥2.0) for COVID-19 vaccine for menstrual abnormality, miscarriage, fetal chromosomal abnormalities, fetal malformation, fetal cystic hygroma, fetal cardiac disorders, fetal cardiac arrest, fetal arrhythmias, fetal vascular malperfusion, fetal growth abnormalities, fetal abnormal surveillance, placental thrombosis, fetal death/stillbirth, low amniotic fluid, preeclampsia, premature delivery, preterm premature rupture of membrane, and premature baby death. When normalized by time-available, doses-given, or number of persons vaccinated, all COVID-19 vaccine AEs far exceed the safety signal on all recognized thresholds. Specifically for miscarriage we found the global relative risk for was 177 (95% CI 114.4–283.5) compared to influenza vaccination. [...] The risk of miscarriage following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis . [...] The risk of miscarriage following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2022-11-30): It remains unclear whether the rate of fetal death has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on fetal death in Sweden (449,347 births), Denmark (290,857 pregnancies) and Norway (261,057 pregnancies) using robust population-based registry data. We used Cox regression to assess the impact of the implementation of pandemic mitigation measures on March 12th, 2020, on miscarriage (fetal loss before gestational week 22) and stillbirth (fetal loss after gestational week 22). A total of 11% of 551,914 pregnancies in Denmark and Norway ended in miscarriage, while the proportion of stillbirths among 937,174 births across the three countries was 0.3%. There was no difference in the risk of fetal death during the year following pandemic mitigation measures. For miscarriage, the combined hazard ratio (HR) for Norway and Denmark was 1.01 (95% CI 0.98, 1.03), and for stillbirth, the combined HR for all three countries was 0.99 (95% CI 0.89, 1.09). We observed a slightly decreased risk of miscarriage during the first 4 months, with an HR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.90, 0.99) after lockdown.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2023-04-04): The claim: Posts imply miscarriages and stillbirths drastically increased in 2021 due to COVID-19 vaccines [...] The implied claim here is wrong. The graph is based on data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System that is unverified and cannot determine if a vaccine caused a particular outcome. Scientists say a growing body of evidence shows COVID-19 vaccines do not cause an increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirths. [...] "The totality of evidence from these monitoring systems indicates that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirth," said Dr. Tom Shimabukuro, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Immunization Safety Office.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths (Instagram Users, 2023-03-23)
Evidence (2022-11-09): There is no link between COVID-19 vaccination and an increased risk of stillbirth, despite such claims online. In fact, vaccination has been shown in multiple studies to reduce the risk of stillbirth by protecting pregnant people and their babies from the coronavirus. [...] A meta-analysis of 111 studies, which included more than 42,000 pregnant women, found that COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of premature delivery, preeclampsia, neonatal death, maternal death and stillbirth. The risk of stillbirth among those with COVID-19 was nearly 2.4 times higher than for women without COVID-19. [...] Given that COVID-19 increases the risk of stillbirth, it’s reasonable to think there might have been an increase in stillbirth rates over the past couple of years. The most recent national data only go up to 2020, and the rate of 5.74 deaths per 1,000 births was not significantly different from the rate of 5.70 in 2019. This fact was mentioned by Thorp in the Epoch Times article, although he cherry-picked a comparison with 2018, when the rate was slightly higher.