copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-23): North Borneo [edit]Between 1658 and 1700, the Sultanate of Sulu acquired the eastern part of the territory of Northern Borneo after helping the Bruneian forces settle a civil war. The Sulu Archipelago then came under the control of the Spanish while the area of Northern Borneo was administered by the British after the sultans of Brunei and Sulu agreed to cede their control. The western and eastern parts of Northern Borneo became known as North Borneo.[4][5] In its process of decolonization beginning in 1946, Great Britain included Sabah in the newly formed Federation of Malaysia. The Philippines, which had already achieved its independence from the United States, protested the formation of Malaysia and filed claims for the whole territory of Northern Borneo under the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal. However, during a meeting to plan Maphilindo, the Philippine government stated that it had no objection to the formation of Malaysia, but claimed that the Sultan of Sulu wanted payment from the British government.[6] The first Malaysian Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, said he would return to Kuala Lumpur to protest the Philippines' claim.[6] [...] Map of British North Borneo, highlighting in yellow colour the area covered by the Philippine claim, presented to the Court by the Philippines during the Oral Hearings at the ICJ on 25 June 2001 - ^ Rozan Yunos (September 21, 2008). "How Brunei lost its northern province". The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-02-02): Sabah, located in the northern half of the island of Borneo has been at the centre of a diplomatic row between Malaysia and the Philippines – which claims much of its eastern half – since the early 1960s. Currently, Sabah remains under the sovereignty of Malaysia and the matter has laid dormant for many years. [...] In drawing up proposals for this new model, member of the consultative committee, Aquilino Pimentel, included Sabah as part of Philippine territory. Pimentel’s proposals included 12 states and he suggested that Sabah be added on as the nation’s 13th state. [...] The Manila Accord has been used multiple times by the Sulu Sultanate as a basis to pressure the Filipino government to assert its claim to the northern part of Sabah as the Sultanate still wields significant influence amongst Sulu residents. Even Duterte himself vowed to pursue the claim during his presidential campaign in 2016 which garnered him political support from locals.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-07-31): Sabah, formerly known as North Borneo, occupying the northern half of the island of Borneo has long been at the centre of bilateral relation between Malaysia and the Philippines. Even though the Philippines claim has lasted since the early 1960s, Sabah is still under the sovereignty of Malaysia today. [...] The Philippines allegations of being the landlord of North Borneo is based on the past territorial claims by the Sultans of Sulu. In response to the recent claims by the Philippines, an official from the Malaysian government dismissed the allegations and issued a warning that such statements could affect diplomatic relations between the two states. The official further reiterated that Malaysia does not recognize any claims by any party to Sabah. In order to understand the nature of the claims better, it is essential to look into the history of the dispute. So, let’s look at the origin of contention. [...] However, the Philippines have maintained their claim on the basis that the agreement signed in 1878 constituted a lease and not a sale of land as regarded by Malaysia and the British. Upon transfer of Sabah from the North Borneo Chartered Company to the Crown following the 1946 North Borneo Cession Order, Francis Burton Harrison , the ex US Governor General who held the position of a foreign adviser to the newly constituted Philippines Republic termed the transfer as illegal on the grounds that other interested parties where not included in the agreement. In 1963, Diosdado Macapagal, the then Philippines President declined to acknowledge the Federation of Malaysia as a result of the inclusion of Sabah.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-15): The Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) announced it will once again reactivate its North Borneo Bureau, marking a concrete step in the country’s efforts to tackle its touchy Sabah claim. [...] "While we fiercely guard our waters, we are not forgetting our terrestrial domain. In pursuit of securing what is ours, I have decided to reactivate the North Borneo Bureau after realizing that the rest of the world has forgotten our Sabah claim, casually designating it as another country’s territory when we have not forgotten it," Locsin said. [...] With a revived North Borneo bureau, Locsin said the Philippines will "make sure no one is allowed to question that claim without a challenge from us."
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The Philippine claim to the territory of North Borneo, or as it is now called, Sabah, is not of recent origin. Rather it is based on an older claim to the area by the Sultans of Sulu. But the Sulu claim itself is suspect. A look at the background and an analysis of the status of North Borneo is therefore essential to understanding the nature of the dispute. [...] 61 Philippine Claim to North Borneo, Bureau of Printing, Manila 1964, Vol. 1, p. 13.Google Scholar 62 Vidal, J. Montero y, Historia de la pirateria malaya-mahometania en Mindanao, Jolo, y Borneo, Madrid, 1888Google Scholar; de la Concepcion, Historia general de Philippinas, v. XII, Manila 1788–1792Google Scholar; Ortiz, op. cit.; and H. de la Costa, op. cit., and Cesar Adib Majul, "Political and Historical Notes on the Old Sulu Sultanate," paper before the International Conference on Asian History, University of Hong Kong, September 1964.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-02-26): The leader of the rebel unit is the brother of Jamalul Kiram III, one of the two main claimants to the title of Sultan of Sulu. Back in the 17th century, before the Philippines existed in its present form, the two principle sultanates in the region were Sulu and Brunei. In 1658, the Sultan of Brunei for some reason gave Sabah to the Sultanate of Sulu, which today is considered part of the Philippines. However, the picture is further complicated by an 1878 deal between the Sultanate of Sulu and the British North Borneo Company, in which Sabah was leased to the Europeans on a rolling contract. To this day, the Malaysian government pays a token sum, equivalent to around $1,500, to the Philippines every year in recognition of this continuing arrangement. The Royal Army of Sulu interprets this deal as a lease that can be canceled, while Malaysia believes that it represents the permanent transfer of the territory.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-08): Advertisement ‘Indisputable sovereignty’: Philippines’ UN filing reignites Sabah dispute with Malaysia - Malaysia ‘categorically’ rejects Philippines’ UN filing to extend continental shelf from Sabah as analysts say Marcos Jnr may not push issue [...] A recent Philippine submission to the United Nations over claims to seabed territory has sparked vigorous protests from Malaysia, reviving a long-standing territorial dispute over Sabah in northern Borneo. [...] Malaysia said it "categorically" rejected the Philippines’ filing on the basis that the extended continental margin in the submission "was projected from the baselines of the Malaysian state of Sabah".
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-08): The Philippines was explaining the history and legal basis of its claim over Sabah and the origins of the dispute to the UK government. The UK is party to the dispute because it was responsible for handing Sabah/North Borneo to Malaysia. [...] However, the control over the territory was relinquished to the British, specifically to the British North Borneo Company between 1878 and 1946 under the treaty signed on 4 January, 1878 between the Sultan of Sulu Mahomet Jamal Al Alam and Baron de Overbeck and Alfred Dent as a contract of lease, grant and concession of North Borneo territories for an annual payment of 5,000 dollars. Later on, the British North Borneo Chartered Company surrendered its duties and North Borneo became a British crown colony on 10 July, 1946. The Philippines maintains its territorial claim over Sabah based on the 1878 "Lease Treaty" and based on the historical account that Sabah is a gift from the Sultan of Brunei to the Sultan of Sulu, which is now a region and part of the sovereign territory of the Philippines. The Philippines stands firm that the 1878 Treaty was a Lease and not a "Deed of Cessation" as opposed to the claim and contention of Overbeck and Dent on 22 January, 1878, where the British North Borneo Company presented the said treaty in London saying that the Sultan of Sulu ceded North Borneo to them under their translations and interpretations of the contents of the 1878 Treaty.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-03): First, since Second Thomas Shoal has never been the Philippines’ territory, the MDT cannot be applied under the territorial jurisdiction principle. Pursuant to Article I of its 1935 constitution, the Philippines’ territory is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 treaty between the US and Spain (the Treaty of Paris), the 1900 treaty between the US and Spain for the cession of outlying islands of the Philippines (the Treaty of Washington), and the 1930 convention between the UK and the US regarding the boundary between the state of North Borneo and the Philippine archipelago.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-02-20): Early on Feb. 11, Rajah Mudah and about 1,000 of his followers, including armed men from what he called "Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo" left Simunul Island in Tawi-Tawi in speedboats and headed for Sabah. Rajah Mudah described his action as not an act of aggression but a journey back home. "We came here in peace. We are not here to wage war. The armed men who are with me are the Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo. We will never bring war to our own territory, much less to our own people," Rajah Mudah said. His group landed in the village of Tunduao in Lahad Datu town in Sabah. [...] A supposed heir to the throne of the sultanate of Sulu province and north Borneo has called on the President Benigno Aquino government to peacefully pursue claims to Sabah. He has also called on Malaysia not to harm the sultanate’s followers there.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Although there is evidence of Chinese trade from the 7th century onward, Sabah’s contacts were confined to the Philippines for centuries. It was known to the Sulu pirates as the "Land Below the Wind" because of its position below the typhoon belt. European influence intensified after the Scottish voyager Alexander Dalrymple reached the Sulu Sea (1759). Although the British were active in the area throughout the 19th century, notably on the offshore island of Labuan, which became a crown colony in 1848, the mainland was not occupied until 1877, when a private syndicate (chartered in 1881 as the British North Borneo Company) obtained land grants from the sultans of Brunei and Sulu. The territory acquired its boundaries in 1898. After Japanese occupation during World War II, British crown colony status was granted (1946), and Sabah joined Malaysia in 1963. In the early 1960s the Philippines unsuccessfully revived its long-standing claim to the territory.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-07): The Paris Court of Appeal’s judgement on Tuesday found that the arbitral tribunal that heard the petition filed by the Filipino heirs of the last sultan of Sulu – a region of northern Borneo in present-day Malaysia – did not have jurisdiction over the case, according to a statement by Malaysian Minister of Law Azalina Othman Said. [...] The dispute stems from an agreement signed in 1878 between Sulu Sultan Mohammed Jamalul Alam and two European colonists for the exploitation of resources in his territory, which then spanned rainforest-covered islands in present-day Philippines and the oil-rich Malaysian state of Sabah, on the northern tip of Borneo island. [...] The Philippines has never completely dropped its claim to Sabah, whose people voted, once the British left, to join the newly independent Malaya in the Malaysian federation in 1963.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-02-05): CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND GREAT BRITAIN DELIMITING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO AND THE STATE OF NORTH BORNEO [1930] [...] It is hereby agreed and declared that the line separating the islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago on the one hand and the islands belonging to the State of North Borneo which is under British protection on the other hand shall be and is hereby established as follows: [...] The provisions of Article 19 of the Treaty between the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan limiting naval armament, signed at Washington on February 6, 1922, shall, so long as that Treaty remains in force, apply in respect of all islands in the Turtle and Mangsee Groups which are or may be deemed to be comprised within the territories of the Philippine Archipelago on the oae hand and of the State of North Borneo on the other hand in consequence of the establishment of the line fixed by the preceding articles of the present Convention. In the event of either High Contracting Party ceding, selling, leasing or transferring any of the islands in question to a third party provision shall be made for the continued application to such island of the aforementioned Article 19 of tbe Treaty between the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan limiting naval armament, signed at Washington on February 6, 1922, provided that Treaty is still in force at the time of such cession, sale, lease or transfer.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-08-15): WHEREAS the United States of America by the Treaty of Peace with Spain of December 10, 1898, commonly known as the Treaty of Paris, and by the Treaty with Spain of November 7, 1900, did acquire sovereignty over the Philippines, and by the Convention of January 2, 1930, with Great Britain did delimit the boundary between the Philippine Archipelago and the State of North Borneo; and
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-08-03): About 200 armed Filipinos, followers of Jamalul Kiram III, the self-proclaimed Sultan of Sulu, entered a town in Lahad Datu district of Malaysia’s Sabah state on February 11, sparking an ongoing conflict with Malaysian security forces that has tensions running high on both sides of Sulu Sea. The men, led by the sultan’s brother, are pressing their ancestral claim to an area of northern Borneo that has been disputed by Malaysia and the Philippines since independence. [...] A2: According to tradition, the Sultanate of Brunei ceded much of northern Borneo to the then-independent Sultanate of Sulu in the late 17th century in exchange for aid given during a civil war in Brunei. Sulu’s influence waxed and waned in the area until it was conquered by Spain in 1851. Given the overlapping claims of Brunei and Sulu to northern Borneo, the British North Borneo Company signed agreements with both sultanates in 1877 and 1878 ceding responsibility for the area to the company. [...] Meanwhile, the Philippine government has long questioned the legality of the British North Borneo Company’s agreement with Sulu passing to Malaysia. Manila instead insists that the title to northern Borneo should more properly have passed to the Philippines, of which Sulu is a part.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-28): Note Rizal, Aguinaldo and North Borneo THE British North Borneo Company, chartered in 1881, controlled territory granted by the Sultans of Brunei and Sulu in 1877-78. The grant by the Sultan of Sulu had prompted protests from Spain, the ruling power in the Philippines, of which it claimed Sulu, and thus the Sulu dependencies in northern Borneo, were a part. A tripartite Anglo-Spanish-German agreement of 1885 was intended to settle the issue by defining the imperial frontiers in the area: Spain withdrew the claim to North Borneo, which subsequently became a British protectorate. These frontiers survived the Filipino revolution against Spain and the take-over by the Americans in 1898. They were to be challenged in the post-colonial era by the Philippines claim to Sabah. This context adds to the interest of an episode in the life of Jose Rizal, the polymath who inspired the Filipino nationalist movement.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Philippines (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-11-02): Shortly after the filing by the Parties of the Memorials, Counter-Memorials and Replies, the Philippines, on 13 March 2001, requested permission to intervene in the case. In its Application, the Philippines indicated that the object of its request was to "preserve and safeguard the historical and legal rights [of its Government] arising from its claim to dominion and sovereignty over the territory of North Borneo, to the extent that those rights [were] affected, or [might] be affected, by a determination of the Court of the question of sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan". The Philippines specified that it was not seeking to become a party in the case. Further, the Philippines specified that "[its] Constitution . . . as well as its legislation ha[d] laid claim to dominion and sovereignty over North Borneo". The Application for permission to intervene drew objections from Indonesia and Malaysia. Among other things, Indonesia stated that the Application should be rejected on the ground that it had not been filed in time and that the Philippines had not shown that it had an interest of a legal nature at issue in the case. Meanwhile, Malaysia added that the object of the Application was inadequate. The Court therefore decided to hold public sittings to hear the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia, before ruling on whether to grant the Application for permission to intervene. Following those sittings, the Court, on 23 October 2001, delivered a Judgment by which it rejected the Application by the Philippines for permission to intervene.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Malaysia (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-19): North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo)[2] was a British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, (present-day Sabah). The territory of North Borneo was originally established by concessions of the Sultanates of Brunei and Sulu in 1877 and 1878 to a German-born representative of Austria-Hungary, businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck. [...] History [edit]Foundation and early years [edit]North Borneo was founded in 1877–1878 through a series of land concessions in northern Borneo from the Sultanate of Brunei and Sulu to an Austrian-German businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck.[3][4][5] A former American Trading Company of Borneo territory on the western coast of northern Borneo had already passed to Overbeck,[6] requiring him to go to Brunei to renew the concession of the land he bought from Joseph William Torrey.[7][8][9] William Clark Cowie played an important role as a close friend of the Sultanate of Sulu in helping Overbeck to buy additional land on the eastern coast of Borneo.[10][11][12] Meanwhile, the Sultanate of Bulungan's influence also reached Tawau on the south-eastern coast,[13] but came under the influence of the more powerful Sultanate of Sulu.[14] [...] I. The State of North Borneo comprises the territories specified in the said Royal Charter, and such other territories as the Company have acquired, or may hereafter acquire, ‘under the provisions of Article XV of the said Charter.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Malaysia (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Under British rule the immigration of Chinese and Indians to serve as labourers was encouraged.[54] The area that is now Sabah came under British control as North Borneo when both the Sultan of Brunei and the Sultan of Sulu transferred their respective territorial rights of ownership, between 1877 and 1878.[55] In 1842, Sarawak was ceded by the Sultan of Brunei to James Brooke, whose successors ruled as the White Rajahs over an independent kingdom until 1946, when it became a crown colony.[56] [...] - ^ Luscombe, Stephen. "The Map Room: South East Asia: North Borneo". Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Malaysia (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): With around 18 Dayak or indigenous groups across the third largest island on the planet, there's a world of variety in the music making of Borneo. Divided administratively between Indonesia's Kalimantan state, Malaysia's Sarawak and Sabah provinces and the small sultanate of Borneo nestled within the Malay northern coast. But there's one instrument heard and cherished across all groups on Borneo: the sapeh.
Claim: North Borneo is a territory of Malaysia (North Borneo, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-03-02): A joint communiqué was issued by the foreign ministers of Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines stating that the inclusion of North Borneo in the Federation of Malaysia "would not prejudice either the Philippine claim or any right thereunder."[92] [...] Federation of Malaysia came into being as a sovereign state, with North Borneo as one of the component states. [...] [89] Philippine Claim to Sabah (North Borneo) Vol. II [90] Original Document: Agreement relating to Malaysia, 1963 [91] Original Document: Manila Accord sign on July 31, 1963 by President Soekarno, President Macapagal, and Prime Minister Tunku.