copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2024-08-16): " … women and girls are disproportionately killed by someone they know, namely an intimate partner or a family member … In comparison, men are most often killed by someone with whom they share a more distant relationship (e.g., an acquaintance, friend, stranger)" (Sutton, Statistics Canada, 2023). The proportion of women killed by a spouse or intimate partner is over eight times greater than the proportion of men (Statistics Canada, 2020). [...] More than six in 10 Indigenous women have been physically or sexually assaulted at some point since the age of 15, compared with more than four in 10 non-Indigenous women (Statistics Canada, 2021).
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2023-01-01): PubMed PMID: 28728636 4 Methodology for arriving at estimates described in Hingson R, Heeren T, Winter M, Wechsler H. Magnitude of alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among U.S. college students ages 18–24: changes from 1998 to 2001. Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26:259–79. PubMed PMID: 15760289 5 Muehlenhard C, Peterson Z, Humphreys T, Jozkowski K. Evaluating the one-in-five statistic: women's risk of sexual assault while in college. J Sex Res. 2017;54(4-5):549–76. PubMed PMID: 28375675 6 Carey KB, Durney SE, Shepardson RL, Carey MP. Incapacitated and forcible rape of college women: prevalence across the first year. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56(6):678–80. PubMed PMID: 26003585 7 Lawyer S, Resnick H, Bakanic V, Burkett T, Kilpatrick D. Forcible, drug-facilitated, and incapacitated rape and sexual assault among undergraduate women. J Am Coll Health. 2010;58(5):453–60. PubMed PMID: 20304757 8 Wechsler H, Lee JE, Kuo M, Seibring M, Nelson TF, Lee H. Trends in college binge drinking during a period of increased prevention efforts. Findings from 4 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study Surveys: 1993-2001. J Am Coll Health. 2002;50(5):203–17. PubMed PMID: 11990979 9 Presley CA, Pimentel ER.
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Data is unavailable on male victims.1 - 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men have been victims of severe physical violence (e.g. beating, burning, strangling) by an intimate partner in their lifetime.1 - 1 in 7 women and 1 in 18 men have been stalked by an intimate partner during their lifetime to the point in which they felt very fearful or believed that they or someone close to them would be harmed or killed.1 - On a typical day, there are more than 20,000 phone calls placed to domestic violence hotlines nationwide.9 - The presence of a gun in a domestic violence situation increases the risk of homicide by 500%.10 - Intimate partner violence accounts for 15% of all violent crime.2 - Women between the ages of 18-24 are most commonly abused by an intimate partner.2 - 19% of domestic violence involves a weapon.2 - Domestic victimization is correlated with a higher rate of depression and suicidal behavior.2 - Only 34% of people who are injured by intimate partners receive medical care for their injuries.2 Sexual Assault Statistics - 1 in 5 women and 1 in 71 men in the United States has been raped in their lifetime.1 - Almost half of female (46.7%) and male (44.9%) victims of rape in the United States were raped by an acquaintance. Of these, 45.4% of female rape victims and 29% of male rape victims were raped by an intimate partner.11 - Nearly a quarter (24.8%) of men in the U.S. experienced some form of contact sexual violence in their lifetime.
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2019-05-30): If we translate these outcomes into judicial rankings of a crime’s severity, judges are sending a pretty clear message: It’s not as bad to rape someone you know. It’s a pattern that might be explained by outdated ideas of sexual assault, like the notion that "stranger rape" is serious and worth punishing whereas other kinds might not really be rape at all. Our society has, after all, registered extraordinary skepticism when it comes to the idea that men might rape people they know: Spousal rape was legal until quite recently; Minnesota only just repealed a provision that shielded spouses from prosecution for raping their spouses. And the concept of "acquaintance rape," shot through as it is with rumored "misunderstandings" and female "regret," has led to judges making all sorts of bizarre pronouncements prior to granting convicted rapists mercy. (Sexual assault seemed to be a greater threat to society—and was more quickly believed and more severely punished—when black men were being routinely accused of raping white women. The crime might not carry quite the same stigma when powerful white men are accused.)
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2023-12-18): - Based on various sources, it is accurate to say that am average of three women are killed by men each week in the UK - Official data indicates that 22.9% of all women in England and Wales has been the victim of rape or sexual assault in their lifetime - Given population sizes, it is reasonable to assume this is a fair representation of the percentage in the UK as a whole [...] "In a society where 3 women are killed each week by a men and 1 in 4 women are raped or sexually assaulted, misogyny is endemic." [...] Various sources are available with information relevant to Ms Nicholl’s claim that an average of three women are killed each week by men.
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2018-08-01): NISVS 2010 Summary Report - Sexual Violence by any Perpetrator - "Nearly 1 in 5 women (18.3%) and 1 in 71 men (1.4%) in the United States have been raped at some time in their lives, including completed forced penetration, attempted forced penetration, or alcohol/drug facilitated completed penetration. [...] NISVS 2015 Data Brief - Sexual Violence by any Perpetrator - "Approximately 1 in 5 (21.3% or an estimated 25.5 million) women in the U.S. reported completed or attempted rape at some point in their lifetime, including completed forced penetration, attempted forced penetration, or alcohol/drug facilitated completed penetration. About 2.6% of U.S. men (an estimated 2.8 million) experienced completed or attempted rape victimization in their lifetime. [...] SOURCE: Lindquist, C. H., Crosby, C. M., Barrick, K., Krebs, C. P., & Settles-Reaves, B. (2016). Disclosure of sexual assault experiences among undergraduate women at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Journal of American College Health, 64(6), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2016.1181635 - In a study of 168 urban African American women, 53.7% reported experiencing rape and 44.8% reported experiencing sexual coercion at some point in their lives. Out of the 79 respondents who reported experiencing rape or sexual coercion, 73.4% indicated that their first sexual victimization took place before age 18.
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2004-02-01): Sexual Violence Affects Millions of Americans - On average, there are 463,634 victims (age 12 or older) of rape and sexual assault each year in the United States.1 Younger People Are at the Highest Risk of Sexual Violence - Ages 12-34 are the highest risk years for rape and sexual assault.3 - Those age 65 and older are 92% less likely than 12-24 year olds to be a victim of rape or sexual assault, and 83% less likely than 25-49 year olds.4 [...] - 82% of all juvenile victims are female. 90% of adult rape victims are female.6 - Females ages 16-19 are 4 times more likely than the general population to be victims of rape, attempted rape, or sexual assault.3 - Women ages 18-24 who are college students are 3 times more likely than women in general to experience sexual violence. Females of the same age who are not enrolled in college are 4 times more likely.7
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2023-04-09): According to the CDC, 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men will experience physical violence by their intimate partner at some point during their lifetimes. About 1 in 3 women and nearly 1 in 6 men experience some form of sexual violence during their lifetimes. Intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and stalking are high, with intimate partner violence occurring in over 10 million people each year. [...] At least 5 million acts of domestic violence occur annually to women aged 18 years and older, with over 3 million involving men. While most events are minor, for example grabbing, shoving, pushing, slapping, and hitting, serious and sometimes fatal injuries do occur. Approximately 1.5 million intimate partner female rapes and physical assaults are perpetrated annually, and approximately 800,000 male assaults occur. About 1 in 5 women have experienced completed or attempted rape at some point in their lives. About 1% to 2% of men have experienced completed or attempted rape. [...] Three out of 10 women at some point are stalked, physically assaulted, or raped by an intimate partner, compared to 1 out of every 10 men.
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2024-08-29): Reality: In the vast majority of cases, domestic abuse is experienced by women and perpetrated by men. A woman is killed by her male partner or former partner every four days in the UK England and Wales. In the year ending March 2023, data supplied from 28 police forces showed that the victim was female in 73.5% of domestic abuse-related crimes recorded by the police, compared with 26.5% of domestic abuse-related crimes where the victim was male (ONS, 2023a). Domestic abuse is a gendered crime that is deeply rooted in the societal inequality between women and men. [...] Reality: We know through our work over the last 50 years with survivors and local services that domestic abuse is very common. On average, one woman is killed by a male partner or ex-partner every week in the UK England and Wales. Domestic abuse has a higher rate of repeat victimisation than any other crime, and in the year ending December 2023, the police recorded a domestic abuse offence approximately every 40 seconds (ONS, 2024). [...] Nine in ten (92.5%) of rapes against women during the year ending March 2022 were carried out by someone they knew, and perpetrators were most likely to be an intimate partner (46.2%) (ONS, 2023c). On average, one woman is killed by a male partner or ex– partner every week in the UK England and Wales (ONS, 2023a).
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2024-02-05): One in three women and one in 71 men will be raped at some point in their lives. [...] Nearly one in 10 women has been raped by an intimate partner in her lifetime. Approximately one in 45 men has been made to penetrate an intimate partner during his lifetime. [...] One in four girls and one in six boys will be sexually abused before they turn 18 years old 34% of women were age 10 or younger at the time of their first rape/victimization, and 30% of women were between the ages of 11 and 17 96% of people who sexually abuse children are male, and 76.8% of people who sexually abuse children are adults 27.8% of men were age 10 or younger at the time of their first rape/victimization
Claim: On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point. (Kate Nicholl, 2023-01-11)
Evidence (2018-11-01): Native American and Alaska Native rates of murder, rape, and violent crime are all higher than the national averages. When looking at missing and murdered cases, data shows that Native American and Alaska Native women make up a significant portion of missing and murdered individuals. - According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) females experienced the second highest rate of homicide in 2020. Additionally, in 2020 homicide was in the top 10 leading causes of death for AI/AN females aged 1-45. More than 2 in 5 non-Hispanic AI/AN women (43.7%) were raped in their lifetime. [...] While these rates are staggering, research data shows that national averages hide the extremely high rates of murder against American Indian and Alaska Native women present in some counties comprised primarily of tribal lands. According to the National Institute of Justice Centers for Disease Control and prevention 2008 the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS), less than half of violent victimizations against women are ever reported to police.
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2019-02-12): This claim is inaccurate. 35% of all those polled in a LucidTalk poll responded that they would oppose some sort of special status for Northern Ireland; 60% of Unionists polled were opposed to one option of special status, because “it would be bad for the NI economy”.
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2022-03-23): A recent national opinion poll in Northern Ireland showed that 60% of those polled were clearly against the backstop—a majority of opinion … Will the Prime Minister give an assurance to Unionists in Northern Ireland that there can be no progress unless the backstop is removed or is time-limited? [...] The negative responses ("oppose") can be interpreted as being against any "special status" for Northern Ireland, whether through a "backstop" provision in any agreement between the UK and EU. [...] Jim Shannon MP spoke in the House of Commons, claiming that an opinion poll carried out in Northern Ireland showed that 60% of respondents were opposed to a backstop provision (referring to the UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement).
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2019-11-29): No Deal, No Backstop: The Potential Impact on Northern Ireland [...] The absence of a backstop plan will present a myriad of issues for Northern Ireland- political, social and economic in nature. The existence of an invisible, frictionless border between Northern Ireland and the Republic enables the island to function as a unit where necessary, something that has been hugely conducive to peace. Brexit will change this inexorably. Currently a mere geographical marker between two members of the same conglomerate of nations, the Irish border will take on an entirely different hue. The reasons for this are complex, but revolve around the potential need to introduce border checks for both people and goods. If a suitable solution is not found, it is a predicament that could lead to the return of violence and destruction in Ulster. [...] The Westminster government is gambling with Northern Ireland’s future in Brexit negotiations. The potential impact of no deal and no backstop is given little consideration. In order to protect peace, economic prosperity and free movement on the island of Ireland, a solution must be fought for.
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2019-02-08): The backstop is an insurance policy to avoid a hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic if a free trade deal between the UK and EU is not reached by the end of the transition period. [...] Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party has made its opposition to the backstop clear and has been pressing Mrs May to secure changes to it. Indeed, some British MPs want it scrapped altogether. They oppose it because they fear it will weaken the constitutional integrity of the Union - as Northern Ireland would be treated differently to the rest of the UK by following different rules and regulations if the backstop was to come into effect.
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2022-11-30): Unionists, meanwhile, have become much more conscious of the potential consequences of Brexit for Northern Ireland’s relationship with Great Britain – particularly as the backstop now appears to be an inescapable feature of the withdrawal equation. Even if the backstop results in limited regulatory divergence between the two sides of the Irish Sea, some see it as a looming threat to Northern Ireland’s constitutional position: [...] Firstly, there is growing support for the UK remaining in the EU. Excluding ‘don’t know’ responses, a cross-sectional survey we conducted in early 2018 found 69% would now support Remain. A majority of Protestants (56%) would still vote Leave, but this margin has narrowed from the 60-40% split in 2016. All available polling data confirms this trend: at least 60% of voters in Northern Ireland consistently say they would choose to stay in the EU.
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2019-03-18): Second, as with the rest of the UK, many Brexit outcomes are likely to be polarising. In Northern Ireland, these divisions of opinion are strongly related to the ethno-national dimension. A large majority of unionists are uncomfortable with the ‘backstop’, which has come to be associated with a ‘border’ down the Irish Sea. A LucidTalk poll in December reported that 69% of unionists oppose Northern Ireland exiting the EU on a different basis to Great Britain – either due to the perceived impact on Northern Ireland’s economy or on the long-term constitutional position. In contrast, 88% of nationalists would see this scenario as advantageous (as would 65% of respondents overall).
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2020-05-29): For some critics of this ‘backstop’ version of the Protocol, the absence of a consent mechanism ran counter to the spirit if not necessarily the letter of the 1998 Agreement, a central element of which is the principle of consent. This principle is reflected the requirement for the people of Northern Ireland to give their consent for any change in the constitutional status of Northern Ireland – i.e. Northern Ireland leaving the United Kingdom for a united Ireland – and the provisions regarding a ‘petition of concern’ according to which certain legislation can only be adopted by the Northern Ireland Assembly where there is ‘cross-community’ support among the MLAs. The ‘backstop’ Protocol was therefore perceived by some as a breach of the 1998 Agreement. Others were not convinced. Opposition to the differentiated treatment of Northern Ireland and criticism of the absence of any consent mechanism for the Protocol were among the reasons why the May government was unable during the first half of 2019 to secure support for the 2018 version of the Withdrawal Agreement concluded with the EU. May’s successor as Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, took up the issue and in August 2019 insisted that the ‘backstop’ Protocol was ‘anti-democratic’ and could not form part of any agreed terms governing the withdrawal from the EU.
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2022-11-30): In the Westminster bubble, the backstop is either misunderstood or deliberately misrepresented as a threat to the UK and to the political and economic well-being of Northern Ireland. [...] A majority of members of the Northern Ireland Assembly come from political parties in support of the backstop. Most voices across the business community, trade unions, the community and voluntary sector, academia and beyond are supportive of, or at least pragmatic about, the backstop. [...] Those MPs who oppose the withdrawal agreement because of the backstop or amplify misplaced concerns are doing so contrary to the views of most people in Northern Ireland.
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2023-01-06): Consent can be deemed to be granted on the basis of a simple majority. There are measures to assess cross-community support: either a majority of both unionists and nationalists, or a weighted majority (60% approval overall, with 40% of unionist and 40% nationalist Assembly member supporting it). If this is achieved, it will be eight years before another vote is held. If it gets a majority but without cross-community consent, the UK Government will launch an independent review into the functioning of the Protocol and another vote will take place after four years. [...] Unionists, the majority of whom were pro-Leave, object to the Protocol on the grounds that it treats Northern Ireland differently to the rest of the UK. All the unionist parties in Northern Ireland officially want the Protocol to be scrapped on the grounds of its disruption to the UK internal market. They also object to the democratic deficit faced by Northern Ireland in following EU rules with no say on those rules. Nationalist and non-aligned parties were strongly pro-Remain. They also resent the Protocol but on different grounds, namely the fact that it has been brought about through Brexit, which the majority of people in Northern Ireland voted against. They argue that the Protocol needs to be made to work, and through a joint UK-EU approach, in order to create the stability needed for the potential benefits from it (such as through free access to the single market) to be realised.
Claim: 60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop. (Jim Shannon, 2019-02-12)
Evidence (2019-02-16): It has been widely suggested that the DUP and others are misconceived (or worse) in their opposition to the backstop laid out in a protocol to the Withdrawal Agreement agreed by negotiators in November last year. What’s the big problem with "extra checks at Northern Ireland’s seaports and airports" asked David Green in a Spectator blog. [...] For Northern Ireland this is particularly sensitive and supporters of the Union are concerned that under the backstop the Irish government would effectively have more say over some issues than either the Westminster government or any government in Stormont would have. [...] Critics of the backstop could ask how, if a joint committee can be tasked to deliver solutions to avert a hard border between Great Britain and Northern Ireland during the transition period, why such commitments could not be deployed instead to the land border, where after all there are already trade frictions and formalities associated with VAT, excise duty, currency exchange and regulatory differences.