copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-20): The 2013 Depsang standoff, also called 2013 Depsang incursion,[2] or 2013 Daulat Beg Oldi incident,[3][a] was an incursion and sit-in by a platoon-sized contingent of the Chinese PLA in the dry river bed of Raki Nala, in the Depsang Bulge area, 30 km south of Daulat Beg Oldi near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the disputed Aksai Chin region.[4] [...] See also [edit]Notes [edit]- ^ The Indian media named the event after the better known Daulat Beg Oldi instead of Depsang Plains or Depsang Bulge, even though the location was the latter. [...] - ^ P. J. S. Sandhu, It Is Time to Accept How Badly India Misread Chinese Intentions in 1962 – and 2020, The Wire, 21 July 2020. "However, there was one exception and that was in the Depsang Plain (southeast of Karakoram Pass) where they seemed to have overstepped their Claim Line and straightened the eastward bulge."
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-08): Depsang is an enclave of flat terrain located in an area the Army classifies as Sub-Sector North (SSN), which provides land access to Central Asia through the Karakoram Pass. [...] Depsang plains are one of the most vulnerable regions for the Indian Army in Ladakh. [...] The danger of delinking Depsang from the current border crisis is of certifying the Chinese argument, which overrules the Indian claim over the territory.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-23): The Depsang Plains, located in the northern part of eastern Ladakh, are close to the strategically important Daulat Beg Oldie (near the Karakoram Pass), where India’s highest airstrip is located. The plains come under India’s sub sector north (SSN), and lie between the Siachen Glacier on one side and Chinese-controlled Aksai Chin on the other. [...] As reported by ThePrint, the tensions in the Depsang Plains go back to China’s 18-km incursion into the area in 2013, followed by the 2017 Doklam standoff near India’s tri-junction with China and Bhutan to the east. [...] Also read: Why Depsang Plains, eyed by China, is crucial for India’s defence in Ladakh
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-05): After consolidating gains at Galwan Valley, Hot Springs, Pangong lake and Naku La, Chinese build-up has been seen in the Depsang Plains in the sub-sector north and Demchok in the south. The Chinese objective is to stretch the Indian army to tire them out by opening new sectors. First, let us have a look at the 972 square-kilometre Depsang Plains, located at 16000 feet above sea level, north of Galwan Valley and 18 kilometres northeast of Murgo village. [...] The Depsang Plains are part of sub-sector north and of great significance because of the 255-kilometre road, called Darbuk-Shyok-Murgo-Daulat Beg Oldi, which runs through the area close to Karakoram Pass. The road traverses at an altitude of 14000 feet and was constructed for faster deployment of the Indian army in the region. India controls the western portion of the plains as a part of Ladakh, Indian Occupied Kashmir (IOK) and the eastern portion is now part of Aksai Chin under Chinese control. Recently, China has deployed its troops to an area known as the ‘Y’ junction or bottleneck. The Y Junction is located 18 kilometres on the Indian side of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and 25 kilometres southeast of a strategic landing strip of Daulat Beg Oldi at 16700 feet.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-10): Aksai Chin covers an area of approximately 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi).[55] The area is largely a vast high-altitude desert with a low point (on the Karakash River) at about 4,300 m (14,100 ft) above sea level. In the southwest, mountains up to 7,000 m (23,000 ft) extending southeast from the Depsang Plains form the de facto border (Line of Actual Control) between Aksai Chin and Indian-controlled Kashmir. [...] See also - Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China - Arunachal Pradesh - Changtang - Demchok sector - Depsang Plains - Ladakh - List of locations in Aksai Chin - Nelang - Rutog County - Shaksgam Valley - Trans-Karakoram Tract - 2013 Depsang standoff
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-18): The Depsang Plains, a high-altitude gravelly plain in the northwest portion of the disputed Aksai Chin region of Kashmir, divided into Indian and Chinese administered portions by a Line of Actual Control.[2][3] India controls the western portion of the plains as part of Ladakh, while the eastern portion is controlled by China and claimed by India.[4] The Line of Control with Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan is 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of the Depsang Plains, with the Siachen Glacier in-between.[5] Ladakh's traditional trade route to Central Asia passed through the Depsang Plains, with the Karakoram Pass lying directly to its north. The Depsang plains are also part of the area called Sub-Sector North (SSN) by the Indian military.[6] The area sees frequent tension between China and India. Major standoffs between the two countries occurred in 2013, 2015 and 2020. [...] The Depsang plains are located in the north-western Aksai Chin.[9] They are bounded on the north by the valley of the Chip Chap River and on the west by the Shyok River. On the east, they are bounded by low hills of the Lak Tsung range, which separate them from the basin of the Karakash River. In the south, the Depsang Plains proper end at the Depsang La pass, but in common parlance, the Depsang region is taken to include the mountainous region to the south of it, including the "Depsang Bulge". The latter is a bulge in theoretical Indian territory, housing the upper course of the Burtsa Nala.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): This article is about territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China (PRC). A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more political entities. Many of China's territorial disputes result from the historical consequences of colonialism in Asia and the lack of clear historical boundary demarcations. Many of these disputes are almost identical to those that the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei, also known as Taiwan, has with other countries. Therefore, many of the subsequent resolved disputes made by the PRC after 1949 with other governments may not be recognized by the ROC.[1] [...] The Depsang Plains are located on the border of the Indian union territory of Ladakh and the disputed zone of Aksai Chin. The People's Liberation Army occupied most of the plains during its 1962 war with India,[20] while India controls the western portion of the plains.[21] The dispute remains unresolved.[22] [...] - ^ China's Decision for War with India in 1962 by John W. Garver Archived 26 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine - ^ Manoj Joshi (2013-05-07). "Making sense of the Depsang incursion". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2021-03-24. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): China's claim on areas south of the McMahon Line, encompassed in the NEFA, were based on the traditional boundaries. India believes that the boundaries China proposed in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh have no written basis and no documentation of acceptance by anyone apart from China. The Indian government has argued that China claims the territory on the basis that it was under Chinese imperial control in the past,[26] while the Chinese government argues that India claims the territory on the basis that it was under British imperial control in the past.[29] The last Qing emperor's 1912 edict of abdication authorised its succeeding republican government to form a union of "five peoples, namely, Manchus, Han Chinese, Mongols, Muslims, and Tibetans together with their territory in its integrity."[30] However, the practice that India does not place a claim to the regions which previously had the presence of the Mauryan Empire and Chola Dynasty, but which were heavily influenced by Indian culture, further complicates the issue.[26] [...] In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory[48] amidst a military buildup.[49] At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim.[36] In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border.[50] In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a "One India" policy to resolve the border dispute.[51][52]
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-04): Significance of Depsang - Depsang is an enclave of flat terrain located in an area the Army classifies as Sub-Sector North (SSN), which provides land access to Central Asia through the Karakoram Pass. - The Army has always identified Depsang plains as where it finds itself most vulnerable in Ladakh, devising plans to tackle the major Chinese challenge. [...] Dangers of delinking Depsang - Invalidation of Indian claims: The biggest danger of delinking Depsang from the current border crisis in Ladakh, however, is of corroborating the Chinese argument, which invalidates the rightful Indian claim over a large swathe of territory.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-01): Night-time satellite images have revealed the Chinese buildup in the Depsang region near the Line of Actual Control. [...] After initial breakthrough in Pangong, the focus of the negotiation is on Depsang plains where China has come in around 18 km since 2013. [...] Depsang plains are also close to China’s western highway G219. Depsang at 16,000 feet north of Shyok River is strategically important as it provides India, the Daulet Beg Oldie airstrip and Karakoram Pass further north.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-08-09): The standoff was triggered by China’s occupation of territory on the Indian side of the LAC at Depsang, Galwan Valley, Gogra-Hot Springs, and Pangong Tso in April-May last year. [...] However, it is securing disengagement at Depsang, which is likely to be the most challenging. Depsang’s strategic value to India and China is immense. India’s Daulat Beg Oldie airstrip is barely 20 kilometers from the Karakoram pass and is India’s lifeline to the Siachen glacier. The Chinese have stubbornly refused to discuss disengagement from Depsang with India.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-12): Depsang Plains - 12 Aug 2020 - 4 min read [...] - Despite the strategic importance of the Depsang Plains, the series of military talks held so far have focussed on the standoff areas at Galwan, Gogra Hotsprings and Finger area of Pangong Tso. [...] - There is a heavy Chinese presence at a crucial area called the Bulge, in the Depsang Plains.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-19): The Depsang Plains come under India’s Sub Sector North (SSN) and as elsewhere, the LAC here is disputed. The SSN is sandwiched between the Siachen Glacier on one side and Chinese-controlled Aksai Chin on the other. [...] To the north of Depsang is the over 18,000 feet Karakoram Pass. To its right is the Chinese-annexed Aksai Chin, across which runs the G219 highway that connects Tibet and Xinjiang provinces. The Lingzi Thang mountain range divides the Depsang Plains from Aksai Chin. [...] The Chinese aggression at the Galwan Valley and the Depsang Plains is an attempt to put pressure on the DS-DBO road and stop further infrastructure build-up.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-18): The Depsang Plains are large plains that are suitable for driving armoured carriers, artillery and mechanised units, which is unusual at the height of about 17,000 feet above sea level. Much of these plains have been under Chinese control since the mid-1950s. [...] There is a factor in Depsang Plains, which is the Limits of Patrol (LOP). It is a unique area where India and China’s perception of LAC vary and the limits to which India can patrol is also in a way notified. [...] Therefore, the correct answer to the question, ‘has India lost territory to China’ is that India has been denied access to territory in China in Depsang Plains.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-04): With the conclusion of the 20th Party Congress last month which consolidated President Xi Jinping’s continued reign for an unprecedented third term, there are daunting and potentially ominous times ahead for its two immediate neighbours–Taiwan and India. Let us begin with the latter, the Chinese have shown considerable truculence in their negotiations with India. As reported recently, an Indian intelligence report indicates that the Chinese are in no mood to vacate territory claimed by India in the Depsang plains of Ladakh. The territory on which Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) units are perched is 18 kilometres inside India’s claim lines, and the PLA has significantly enhanced its development of infrastructure along the Western sector. The Modi government would be well advised to be cautious and disabused of any temptation to concede the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) land grab, notwithstanding the Modi-Xi handshake at the G-20 Summit in Bali. This is reinforced by the Indian Army Chief General Manoj Pande’s recent statement that while the contested border is "…stable… unpredictable". The Depsang Plains is a strategically important territory, because the PLA’s control threatens India’s control over the Siachen Glacier, bringing the Indian Army under a pincer from both China and Pakistan.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-07): While Washington aims to strengthen Indian defense capabilities to advance its interests vis-à-vis great power competition with China, New Delhi has its own reasons for competing with China. While India has long viewed Chins as a threat, this perception has intensified since border skirmishes reignited the belligerence between China and India. China is refusing long-term disengagement from the transgressed Ladakh territory, and building light military infrastructure near the strategically sensitive Depsang Plains. Indian frustration with Chinese naval presence in the Indian Ocean continues to grow as well. These dynamics may encourage New Delhi to seek additional security and defense capabilities from the United States, accelerating militarization in the region.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-22): Prominent issues being faced by the Indian Forces are that they have lost their patrolling areas whilst Chinese troops are deeper into Indian territory. Legacy issues such as Depsang Plains and Demchok remain untouched. Whilst Demchok raises fears about further salami slicing but from a strategic point Depsang plains are truly cardinal for India. Over the years the Chinese Forces have built permanent structures and they are there to stay. Because it is not merely that the Chinese forces have encroached into India , as largely claimed by Indian commentators but a much larger nefarious design seems to unfold. It is around these lands that the big picture needs to be seen. The Depsang Plains are close to DaulatBeg Oldie (DBO), India’s highest airstrip. The Karakoram Pass lies to the North West of DBO at a distance of approximately 17 to 18 KMs. This area is contiguous to Pak Occupied Kashmir (POK) and adjacent to the portion of POK comprising Shaksgam Valley which was illegally ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963 through a border agreement between the two. I would without any fear of contradictions conclude that the collusion between Pakistan and China commenced with this chicanery.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-06): The Chip Chap River flows from the disputed Aksai Chin region in southern Xinjiang of China to Ladakh in India. It originates at the eastern edge of the Depsang plains and flows west, skirting around the Depsang Plains in the north. It discharges into the Shyok river. It is one of the upstream tributaries of the Indus river. The upper course of the river is in a relatively flat area with a drop of only 190 metres over 30 km. Several mountain streams from the south drain into the relatively stagnant pool of water in this area. Near the LAC that separates the Indian and Chinese controlled portions of Depsang Plains, the Lungnak Lungpa stream joins from north. Another stream passing by Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO) joins the river in the Indian controlled area. The combined river joins the Shyok at an elevation of 4800 m. The 1899 British offer to China for the border in Aksai Chin (The Macartney–Macdonald Line) placed the entire course of the Chip Chap River in the Indian territory. The 1956 claim line of China also did the same. [...] The Depsang Plains are located at the LAC that separates the Indian and Chinese controlled regions. The Chinese Army occupied most of the plains in 1962. India controls the western portion of the plains as part of Ladakh, whereas the eastern portion is part of the Aksai Chin region, which is controlled by China and claimed by India. In April 2013, the Chinese PLA troops set up a temporary camp in the Depsang Bulge, but later withdrew as a result of a diplomatic agreement with India.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-14): In Ladakh, there is now a standoff between the Indian and Chinese troops. There might have been some disengagement here and there, but the Chinese are in no mood to vacate territory claimed by India in the Depsang plains of Ladakh.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-18): We found the PLA occupying strategically important positions immediately thereafter, at Demchok and northwards at Pangong Tso, Ghogra , at places overlooking the recently completed Darbuk – Shyok – DBO road and eventually at Depsang Plains. This phenomenon clearly indicated well-orchestrated designs including at great speed, building infrastructure again at Demchok, Pangong Tso, in the Galvan Valley and not to be ignored positioning of tanks at Pangong Tso and most importantly in Depsang Plains. [...] But democratic and pluralistic India, however, has to care for its people, its territory and its ethos. It cannot lower its guard against an expansionist adversary who is eyeing the Indian base at Daulat Beg Oldi with its armour at a distance of 30-km in the Depsang Plains.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-21): The stage was set for the crisis in May, when thousands of PRC soldiers, together with trucks, tanks, and artillery, moved into territory at several points along the LAC that India believed it controlled, mostly in Ladakh, at the western end of the disputed border. According to defence journalist and retired Indian Army colonel Ajai Shukla, the Indian Army had observed a build-up of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) units throughout April, but its analysts interpreted this as preparations for routine drills held in the area each spring.1 The PLA advanced several kilometres down the Galwan Valley, setting up a new encampment and blocking an Indian road under construction. Almost simultaneously, about 100 kilometres to the south, Chinese soldiers seized an eight-kilometre-wide stretch of territory along the northern shore of Pangong Lake. This denied India access to an area it had previously patrolled, leading to minor scuffles when the PLA refused access to Indian troops. The PLA also occupied territory previously subject to overlapping control at several other points along the LAC, including Hot Springs and Depsang Plains, as well as North Sikkim, several hundred kilometres away.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-04): One interpretation is that the Chinese are signalling something. The interpretation, too, is a bit troublesome. In their study Paul H.B. Godwin and Alice L. Miller (China’s Forbearance Has Limits: Chinese Threat and Retaliation Signaling and Its Implications for a Sino- American Military Confrontation INSS, NDU, 2013) note that there is a hierarchy of signals. At the first level are statements of Politburo members, PRC officials, PLA leaders in meetings with foreign guests. At another level are speeches by these leaders at banquets and press conferences and at the third level are interviews of PRC leaders with the foreign media. Then there are official protests by government spokesmen or Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson. At the third level are editorials and commentaries in the People’s Daily and other authoritative newspapers. In the case of the Chinese action on the Depsang plains, the act of establishing an encampment was the signal and the statements and commentaries quite benign. Indeed, at the highest level the statements were quite baffling.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-31): Given the prime minister’s instruction to pursue the diplomatic route, India’s foreign secretary, Ranjan Mathai, expressed serious concern over these developments to Wei Wei, the Chinese ambassador to India. In parallel, the Indian ambassador to China, S. Jaishankar, registered India’s dissatisfaction over the current situation to the Chinese foreign ministry. On the ground, the Indian army erected a tin shed at Point 30R in Chumar to gain a clear view of Chinese movements. Deng Zheng Hua, Director-general (Boundary Affairs) at the Chinese foreign ministry, allegedly discussed the raising of the shed with Jaishankar. He is said to have argued that the tents in Depsang plains were within Chinese territory. Jaishankar pointed out that the presence of Chinese troops, tents, dogs, and vehicles had unilaterally changed the ground position in Depsang plains.
Claim: Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China (Depsang Plains, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-09): Depsang Plains (reinforced border defense units, air defense site) No Google Earth imagery was available for most of the Depsang Plains from the spring of 2020 to early 2021 during the major influx of troops into the region. A portion of the plains was imaged in August 2022, centering on the Tianwendian border defense company, and shows at least six relatively new camps constructed within a six-mile radius of the company’s permanent barracks.39 A new compound composed of prefabricated shelters, vehicle sheds, and solar panels had been erected immediately adjacent to the preexisting company barracks. The layout and vehicles present suggest the company had been reinforced with units from the border defense regiment at Sanshili Yingfang. Less than one mile northeast of the facility, a site capable of supporting an air defense battalion had also been built. This position, however, is likely occupied by elements from the Xinjiang MD air defense brigade or a combined arms division firepower regiment.