copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-30): Kaurik (Chinese: 曲惹) and (Hindi: कौरिक) is a village in the Lahul and Spiti district, in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is in the valley of the Parang or Pare Chu river before its confluence with the Spiti River. Kaurik is close to the border with Tibet, the opposite village on the Tibetan side being Tsurup Sumgyi (or Tsosib Sumkyil).[1][a] China claims the village as part of its Zanda County, Tibet. In 1975, landslides during an earthquake completely destroyed the village situated in Kaurik,[2][3] Largest number of survivors of Kaurik village now reside in Hoorling village in this area. The ruins of Kaurik are in a restricted area under Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) control.[citation needed] Kaurik is connected to the rest of India through the Kaurik–Sumdo Road, and from Sumdo, through two national highways—the NH 5 Sumdo-Nako-Shimla Highway through Kinnaur district and the NH 505 Sumdo-Kaza-Gramphu-Manali highway through the Spiti River valley. The latter remains closed for 7 months due to winter snows on the Kunzum Pass (4,551 m or 14,931 ft).[4] A dual-use airstrip, 100 km to the west, is under construction, scheduled to be completed in 2024.[5]
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-11): In June last year, Malaysia summoned China’s ambassador after 16 military aircraft flew over disputed waters off its eastern state of Sarawak. Malaysia’s foreign ministry said at the time that the manoeuvre was a "serious threat to national sovereignty".
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-07): With snow melting in the high-altitude areas, China’s People Liberation Army has begun constructing a post along the Indian border in the sensitive Kaurik sector of Himachal Pradesh’s tribal Lahaul and Spiti district. [...] Five battalions of the ITBP guard the border with China in the state. In all, there are 20 ITBP posts along the border and Kaurik is a sensitive one being the last village beyond Sumdoh. [...] China stepped up activity in the region after air incursions in Kaurik sector in April last year. Chinese helicopters violated Indian airspace twice in April 2020.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-17): The territory of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has frequently been revised since its formation on 1 October 1949. [...] 2000–2009 [edit]- 14 October 2004 – 2 June 2005, a treaty establishing the eastern border between China and Russia was signed by China and Russia. It's said China "regained 337 km2" territory. See Russian article: Демаркация российско-китайской границы (2005); Chinese article: 中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于中俄国界东段的补充协定.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-04): Heilongjiang was formerly a Japanese protectorate known as Manchuria, a name that sometimes gets applied to the whole region. The Japanese invaded and conquered the area in the 1930s, but Chinese sovereignty of the region was restored after World War II.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): See also [edit]- Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China - China containment policy - Chinese salami slicing strategy - Himalayan Rim - India-China Border Roads - List of disputed territories of China - List of disputed territories of India - List of territorial disputes - McMahon Line - Sino-Indian relations - Sino-Indian War [...] - ^ "Arunachal Pradesh is our territory": Chinese envoy Rediff India Abroad, 14 November 2006. Archived 8 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine - ^ Subir Bhaumik, "India to deploy 36,000 extra troops on Chinese border", BBC, 23 November 2010. Archived 2 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine - ^ "The China-India Border Brawl", The Wall Street Journal, 24 June 2009, archived from the original on 23 September 2011 - ^ 何, 宏儒 (12 June 2014). "外長會 印向陸提一個印度政策". 中央通訊社. 新德里. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-04): Table 3: Type of Incidents were aerial incidents. While three aerial incidents were reported in the Western Sector, no aerial incidents were found in the Eastern Sector. The highest number of aerial incidents occurred in the period 2012- 2014, and all three of them were in the Middle Sector, over the state of Himachal Pradesh. Chinese helicopters were reported to have entered Indian airspace near Kaurik and Lapcha areas in the tribal districts of Kinnaur and Lahaul Spiti on 16 March and 19 March. Nothing is known about the third incident except its mention by Indo-Tibetan Border Police Inspector General, M.S. Bhurji as reported by TH.21 [...] Despite the agreements reached in consecutive years, the 2014 face- off in Chumar indicates the vulnerability of the CBMs in the absence of a clear roadmap for resolution of the border question. In the period that followed the signing of the 2005 agreement, China, at least on a couple of occasions, contravened certain key articles in it. The former Chinese Ambassador to India, Sun Yuxi’s assertion in 2006 that the whole of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory was one such instance.42 His comments were in conflict with Article VII of the 2005 Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India-China Boundary Question which agrees in principle, that interests of settled populations on both the sides would be kept in mind while finding a solution to the border conflict.43 [...] 42. "Entire Arunachal Pradesh is our territory: China," The Indian Express, November 14, 2006 and The Hindu, "China seeks to downplay envoy's comments," November 15, 2006.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-20): The People’s Republic of China has allegedly infringed on foreign territory and established a permanent residence two kilometers within Bhutan’s boundary, which is also remarkably close to Doklam, where Indian and Chinese troops had a bitter face-off in 2017, reported NDTV. [...] Som, who wrote that pictures in the now deleted tweet are a "clear evidence of a CHINESE LANDGRAB WITHIN BHUTANESE TERRITORY," also posted pictures of the map in order to show where exactly the Chinese settlement had come up. [...] In addition, the report mentioned unnamed military commanders and national security experts, who expressed concern over the building of road by China near Churup village, across the Kaurik pass in central sector.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-22): Let us remember the basics to determine a border, as explained in the Report of the Officials of India and China in 1960/61; the Indian Report says: "In the Middle Sector both sides had referred to the watershed boundary and were clear as to where the watershed lay. In fact, the two alignments coincided for the most part along the main watershed. The Chinese alignment departed from it only at Gyuand Kauirik, Shipki, Nilang-Jadhang, Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla. All these departures from the watershed were also the points of divergence from the Indian alignment, and were, curiously enough, to the south and west, so as to include Indian territory in Tibet, and in no case the other way round. These isolated and small departures always in one direction were difficult to comprehend and emphasized that the correct traditional boundary lay along the watershed itself."
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-10-27): File:SINO-INDIAN BORDER DEFENSES CHUSHUL AREA CIA-RDP89B00569R000200120051-4.pdf On 20 October 1975, 4 Indian soldiers were killed at Tulung La in Arunachal Pradesh.[44][45] According to the official statement by the Indian government, a patrol of the Assam Rifles comprising a non-commissioned officer (NCO) and four other soldiers was ambushed by about 40 Chinese soldiers while in an area well within Indian territory, and which had been regularly patrolled for years without incident. Four members of the patrol unit were initially listed as missing before confirmation via diplomatic channels they had been killed by the Chinese troops; their bodies were later returned. The Indian government registered a strong protest with the Chinese.[46] [...] - ↑ Singh, Sushant (4 June 2020). "De-escalation process underway: 2 LAC flashpoints are not in list of identified areas still contested". https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-china-ladakh-border-lac-galwan-6441494/.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-27): [20]Ibid 18 [21]https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56147309 [22]https://theprint.in/opinion/if-india-loses-grip-on-kailash-range-pla-will-make-sure-we-never-get-it-back/542327/
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-01): The border with China runs 3488 km. It can be divided into three sectors: Western Sector: This includes the border between Jammu and Kashmir and Xinjiang and Tibet. India claims that China is occupying 43,000 sq km in this sector, including 5180 sq km illegally ceded to it by Pakistan. Central Sector: This includes borders shared by Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand with Tibet. Shipki La and Kaurik areas in HP and areas around Pulam, Thag La, Barahoti, Kungri Bingri La, Lapthal and Sangha are disputed. Eastern Sector: China disputes India's sovereignty over 90,000 sq km, mostly in Arunachal Pradesh. Tawang, Bum La, Asaphi La and Lo La are among the sensitive points in this sector. Strategically vital Tawang holds the key to the defence of the entire sub-Himalayan space in this sector.Jawaharlal Nehru with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-02-18): Demchok 500 km2, Chumar, Kaurik, Shipki La, Nelang and Laptha. All of these are controlled by India i.e. Kaurik & Shipki La (in Himachal Pradesh), Nelang Valley with areas Leptha, Pulam Sumda and Sang etc.(in Uttarakhand) are areas claimed by China as a part of the Ngari Prefecture of the Zanda County of Tibet, except the Demchok parcel which is 70% with China and 30% with India which is called New Demchok. However China claims all of it. There is another area called Barahoti section area whose grazing fields are named disputed by China, which is also in the state of Uttarakhand and is controlled by India. The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: 喀喇昆仑走廊; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng) is an area of nearly 5,800 km2/ 5180 km2 (2,239 sq mi) along both sides of the Shaksgam River, is entirely administered by the People's Republic of China as a part of Kargilik County and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but was claimed by Pakistan until 1963. It is still claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan gave up its claim to the tract under a border agreement with China in 1963 with the proviso that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the Kashmir dispute.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Republic of China's position [edit]Throughout the Cold War, the Government of the Republic of China had the same understanding on the China-India border dispute as the PRC.[2] In 1962, the ROC's Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that they did not recognise the legality of the McMahon Line. The same year western countries increased pressure on ROC leader Chiang Kai-shek to recognise the legality of the McMahon Line in order to isolate Beijing.[2] However, Chiang dismissed the McMahon Line as an 'imperialist imposition on China'. In February 1987, India's move to elevate the status of 'Arunachal centrally administered region' to the state of Arunachal Pradesh was declared null and void by the ROC's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[2] The Ministry, in a formal statement, stated that it did not recognise the 'illegal occupation' of ROC territory south of the McMahon Line and that the establishment of 'Arunachal Pradesh state' was an illegal act. In 1995, Ambassador Teng Pei-Yin (the ROC's first representative to India) in response to an Indian member of parliament, stated that the ROC did not recognise the McMahon Line.[2] However, the ROC has not made any statement on the China-India dispute since.[2] [...] - ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (20 May 2020). "Nepal's new political map claims India's territories". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): - the western sector between Ladakh on the Indian side and the Tibet and Xinjiang autonomous regions on the Chinese side. This sector was the location of the 2020 China–India skirmishes. [...] - the eastern sector between Zangnan (South Tibet)/Arunachal Pradesh on the Indian side and the Tibet autonomous region on the Chinese side. This sector generally follows the McMahon Line.[a] [...] - PP15 — on the watershed between Kugrang and Galwan basins (called Jianan Pass by China).[64]
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-27): [6] Ibid. There is some disagreement regarding the extent of Chinese claims in the eastern sector. For a full discussion of these discrepancies, see Shyam Saran, How India Sees the World: Kautilya to the 21st Century (New Delhi: Juggernaut, 2017), 124; and Jeff M. Smith, Cold Peace: China-India Rivalry in the Twenty-First Century (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014), 26-28, Kindle. [...] [56] Among the "pockets of dispute" in 1995 were Demchok and Trig Heights (western sector); Barahoti (middle sector); and Asaphila, Chantze, Longju, Namka Chu, and Sumdorong Chu (western sector). See Sawhney and Wahab, Dragon on Our Doorstep, 45. Locales that have been added to the list of disputed areas include Chumar, Depsang Bulge, Dumchele, Kongka La, Mount Sajun, Pangong Tso, and Spanggur Gap (western sector); Kaurik, Pulan Sunda, and Shipki La (middle sector); and Dichu and Yangste (eastern sector). See Joshi, "The Wuhan Summit and the India-China Border Dispute," 3. [57] Menon, Choices, 22; and Ananth Krishnan, "China Cool on LAC Clarification, Wants Border Code of Conduct," India Today, June 4, 2015, accessed December 1, 2018, https://www.indiatoday.in/world/china/story/china-lac-narendra-modi-pok-south-china-sea-karakoram-highway-255522-2015-06-04.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-07-26): Reo Purgyil, also known as Leo Pargialand Leo Pargil,] is a mountain peak at the southern end of the Zanskar [...] Kaurik used to be a village bang on the border with Tibet! Kaurik is still used on milestones along NH 22. It can be easily located on Google Maps. Kaurik is a mysterious place which was deserted some 25-28 years back in earthquake/flash floods and now you can find ruins of the place if you are ready to hike a bit once the road ends after about 19 km. Hoorling village has the largest number of survivors from Kaurik village. Beyond Kaurik, there is a village called Lepcha which requires you to further hike for about an hour or so. Lepcha is the last place in India you can reach and ahead lies Tibet beyond the Indo-Tibet Border. Anyhow, Kaurik falls under a restricted area as far as I know and permits are hard to find for Kaurik. The entire area is under ITBP control.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-08): In Himachal Pradesh , the disputed areas are - Kaurik - Shipki La, an ancient trade route.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The Pare Chu begins north of the Parang La (5580 m), the main pass linking Spiti to Ladakh. It flows in a northeastern direction before entering Ladakh and turning south. The Pare Chu then crosses into the Tibetan territory known as Chumurti (Chu-mur-ti), in the township of Chusum (Chu-gsum), Tsamda (rTsa-mda’) county (Tibetan Autonomous Region). According to a Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) administrative map produced in the Tibetan language, entitled Bod rang skyong ljongs srid ’dzin sa khul gyi sa bkra, the stretch of the Pare Chu in Tibet is called Rubshok Tsangpo (Rub-shog gtsang-po). Bending again, this time to the west, the Pare Chu reenters India at Kaurik (Khyu-rigs) and joins with the Spiti river at Sumdo (Sum-mdo). A sliver of territory in southeastern Spiti under Indian jurisdiction is still officially contested by People’s Republic of China (PRC). The disputed area includes Kaurik, Sumdo and the Gyu (rGyu) valley. Fortunately, both India and the PRC have stated that they are committed to a peaceful settlement of all outstanding border issues. Residents of Kaurik were resettled in Hurling and other places after the 1962 war with China. [...] 2013, January. "High on the khyung". [...] Balikci, Anna. 2008. Lamas, Shamans and Ancestors: Village Religion in Sikkim. Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library, vol. 17. Leiden: Brill.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Jammu[b] and Kashmir[c] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[3] The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.[2] [...] Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh. [...] (c) "Kashmir", Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-07-19): Kaurik used to be a village bang on the border with Tibet! Kaurik is still used on milestones along NH 22. It can be easily located on Google Maps. Kaurik is a mysterious place which was deserted some 25-28 years back in earthquake/flash floods and now you can find ruins of the place if you are ready to hike a bit once the road ends after about 19 km. Hoorling village has the largest number of survivors from Kaurik village. Beyond Kaurik, there is a village called Lepcha which requires you to further hike for about an hour or so. Lepcha is the last place in India you can reach and ahead lies Tibet beyond the Indo-Tibet Border. Anyhow, Kaurik falls under a restricted area as far as I know and permits are hard to find for Kaurik. The entire area is under ITBP control.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-11-30): And finally we were on our way to Kaurik, the mysterious place that had brought us all the way to Spiti. The road going to Kaurik from Sumdo took us to Sugar Point, 3,740m above sea level. This is the staging point for stocking the pickets along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on the Indo-Tibetan border. The road ended at Sugar Point. There was no road to Kaurik. For the simple reason that there was no Kaurik&mdashit had been destroyed by a massive landslide some 25-30 years ago. All that was left was a handful of crumbling mud structures. You cannot drive to the ruins, even though Kaurik continues to be mentioned on scores of milestones on NH22. An hour&rsquos walk took us to what was left of Kaurik. It reminded me of the deserted Mexican villages one sees in Clint Eastwood movies. Dry, dusty, haunted, with the occasional shaft of light through a broken doorway heightening the silence and eeriness.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-11-17): Constitutional status [edit]Article 1 (1) of the Indian constitution says that India shall be a "Union of States", which is elaborated under Parts V (The Union) and VI (The States) of the constitution. Article 1 (3) says the territory of India comprises the territories of the states, the union territories and other territories that may be acquired. The concept of union territories was not in the original version of the constitution, but was added by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.[12] Article 366(30) also defines Union territory as any union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule. In the constitution wherever it refers to Territories of India, it is applicable to the whole country including union territories. Where it refers to only India, it applies to all states only but not to union territories. Thus, citizenship (part II), fundamental rights (part III), Directive Principles of State Policy (part IV), Judiciary role, the Union Territories (part VIII), Article 245, etc. apply to union territories as it refers specifically to Territories of India. [...] - ^ "Union Territories of India". Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-11): Kaurik is village in the Lahul and Spiti district, in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is in the valley of the Parang River (also called Pare Chu) before its confluence with the Spiti River. It is close to the border with Tibet. The Tibetan village on the opposite of the border is Tsurup Sumgyi (or Tsosib Sumkyil).[1] Kaurik is connected to the rest of India through Kaurik-Sumdo Road, which is one of the India-China Border Roads. Sumdo is connected to the rest of India through two national highways - the NH 5 Sumdo-Nako-Shimla Highway through Kinnaur district and the NH 505 Sumdo-Kaza-Gramphu-Manali highway through Spiti River valley which remains closed for 7 months due to lack of road tunnel at snow-clad Kunzum Pass (4,551 m or 14,931 ft).[2] In 1975, landslides during an earthquake completely destroyed the village situated in Kaurik,[3][4] Though Kaurik is [mistakenly] claimed to be India's last village on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Sumdo-Kaurik sector,[2] in reality the Lepcha village, which is further one hour hike from Kaurik towards LAC, is the last habitation in India. Largest number of survivors of Kaurik village now reside in Hoorling village in this area. The Lepcha village and the ruins of Kaurik are in a restricted area under Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) control and civilians require permission from SDM office at Kaza.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): Raising a question mark on the construction of big hydro power projects in upper Kinnaur district in Himachal Pradesh, a recent study has revealed that a majority of hydro power projects proposed, under investigation, construction and consideration in Kinnaur district are between the main central thrust that passes through Shongtong Bridge, and the Himalayan crest, the region which has several active faults like kaurik fault, Spiti Valley fault, Guimal fault, Syarma fault and witnesses micro seismic events.