copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-09): Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), only 10 km (6.2 mi) east from the city of Xiamen in Fujian, located at the southeastern coast of the People's Republic of China, from which they are separated by Xiamen Bay. Kinmen is also located 187 km (116 mi) west from the closest shoreline of the island of Taiwan across the Taiwan Strait. [...] The People's Republic of China (PRC, China) claims Kinmen as part of its own Fujian Province and considers Wuqiu to be a separate territory of Fujian apart from Kinmen itself; conversely, the ROC claims the Dadeng Islands (Tateng) as part of Kinmen, even though the PRC has effectively transferred the jurisdiction of those islands to Xiamen. [...] In the controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has continuously claimed the territory of Kinmen County as part of its own Fujian Province, claiming the Kinmen Islands as a county of Quanzhou prefecture-level city.[90][91][22][92] The PRC claims the Wuqiu (Ockseu) Islands as part of Xiuyu District in Putian prefecture-level city.[93] Taiwan (Republic of China) claims the Dadeng (Tateng) Islands in Dadeng Subdistrict, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian as part of Kinmen County.[3][94][52]
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-12-23): Kinmen (or Quemoy) is a small group of islands close to the coast of China. It is governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan). It forms a county, Kinmen County (Chinese: 金門縣; pinyin: Jīnmén Xiàn), of Fujian Province. The capital is Jincheng Township. The county is claimed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) as part of its own Fujian Province. It is very close to Xiamen, no more than 2 kilometres.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-27): Kinmen[dead link] (金門 Kim-mn̂g in Minnan, Jīnmén in Mandarin, literal meaning "golden gate", also known as Quemoy) is a county comprising a number of outlying islands near the People's Republic of China (PRC) but controlled by the Taiwan-based Republic of China (ROC) government. All the islands of Kinmen county are within just a few kilometers of Mainland China, with the Xiamen city skyline clearly visible in the distance from many areas. Despite, and because of, its status as the front line in the semi-dormant China-Taiwan conflict, Kinmen is highly tourist-oriented, with the main themes being military history, historic architecture, and its signature gaoliang (kaoliang) grain alcohol. [...] Local residents often identify as "Kinmenese" or "Chinese" and not "Taiwanese". Politically, Kinmen is a KMT stronghold, with most residents being firmly opposed to formal Taiwan independence. The DPP has made inroads among the younger generation, but most of these Kinmenese end up permanently settling in Taiwan and never go back to Kinmen.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-30): The People's Republic of China (PRC) flew 32 military aircraft over the Taiwan Strait median line while ROC President Lai Ching-te was in Kinmen County to commemorate the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. The PRC possibly used the flights to signal its opposition to Lai attending the commemoration ceremony. Kinmen is a group of Taiwan-controlled islands with a large military garrison roughly 3 kilometers from the coast of the PRC. Lai gave a speech in Kinmen County on August 23 during a commemoration ceremony on the 66th anniversary of the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958, when the PRC unleashed a heavy artillery barrage against Kinmen. The PRC flew 32 aircraft across the median line for two consecutive days from August 22-23, marking the largest number of PLA aircraft median line crossings in August.[1] The PRC also flew two military drones around Taiwan on August 23. The PRC has used similar flights to signal its disapproval of political developments that express or support Taiwan’s sovereignty, including PLA sorties into Taiwan’s de facto Air Defense Identification Zone.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-01-07): Dumping (China, The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu [Chinese Taipei], India and South Korea) [...] in coils or cut lengths, in thicknesses up to 0.168 in. (4.267 mm) and widths up to 72 inch (1,828.8 mm) with all dimensions being plus or minus allowable tolerances contained in the applicable standards, chemically passivated, originating in or exported from the People’s Republic of China, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), the Republic of India, and the Republic of Korea and excluding: [...] Country of origin or export: China, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), India and South Korea
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-10-08): Taiwan's Kinmen Islands, Only a Few Miles From Mainland China The island of Taiwan, governed by the Republic of China (ROC), lies about 100 miles (161 kilometers) east of mainland China, across the Taiwan Strait. Taiwan also administers a number of smaller islands known as the Kinmen archipelago, or Kinmen County. Great Kinmen Island and its neighbor islets are on the other side of the strait, in a harbor just east of the port city of Xiamen, practically surrounded by the People’s Republic of China (PRC)—in some places barely more than a mile apart. Back in the 1950s, the islands were heavily shelled during the two Taiwan Strait Crises—military clashes between the PRC and ROC. The small islands were heavily fortified against bombardment and invasion, with barricades placed on beaches, artillery emplaced on hillsides, massive tunnels dug to shelter troops, and concrete walls of loudspeakers built to blast propaganda across the water. Reuters reports that today, the island of fewer than 129,000 residents is "eyeing closer commercial ties with China," wanting to pipe water from Xiamen, and "has plans to build a bridge and set up a glittering free trade zone with the city," as China continues to seek unification with Taiwan under the "one country, two systems" model practiced in Hong Kong and Macau.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-01-22): On January 22, 2019, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), pursuant to paragraph 41(1)(b) of the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA) made a final determination of dumping of certain corrosion-resistant steel sheet from the People’s Republic of China (China), the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), the Republic of India (India) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) (subject goods).
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-18): The South China Sea Islands are part of the territory of the Republic of China. That the ROC is entitled to all rights over the South China Sea Islands and their relevant waters in accordance with international law and the law of the sea is beyond dispute.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-26): The PRC said in January it would open west-east routes — in other words, toward Taiwan — on the two flight paths from Xiamen and Fuzhou. In mid-April, the PRC’s civil aviation regulator said the routes were now operating and that it would "further optimize" airspace around Fuzhou airport beginning May 16. [...] Taiwan’s Civil Aviation Administration said the PRC’s move seriously threatens aviation safety. Near Kinmen, the PRC’s and Taiwan’s flight paths are only about 2 kilometers apart. [...] Taiwan prohibits PRC aircraft from entering its airspace around Kinmen and Matsu.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-21): The PRC has always claimed Kinmen and other ROC islands as its own territory, so it does not need to formally declare annexation. It instead maintains some ambiguity about Kinmen’s change of status to avoid unwanted conflict escalation while it gradually solidifies its de facto control of the islands. The CCG continues to patrol Kinmen’s waters to control the ROC personnel, equipment, supplies, or services that are allowed to reach the islands. The ROC national government does not formally surrender its sovereignty over Kinmen, but Taipei nonetheless loses the ability to administer Kinmen County in practice. In the longer term, the PRC builds up Kinmen as an exemplar of the "One Country, Two Systems" scheme it wishes to impose on Taiwan. The PRC helps Kinmen build infrastructure and invests in Kinmen’s economy, delivering a substantial boon to the small island group’s economic prosperity. It takes over maritime law enforcement for Kinmen, even cracking down on illegal fishing by PRC nationals in the waters near Kinmen. On the other hand, it avoids overt meddling in Kinmen’s political system, aside from arresting the occasional "separatist." The CCP can afford to largely let Kinmen manage its own internal governance because Kinmen’s politics are already dominated by pan-Blue and relatively PRC-friendly politicians. The CCP will use its media and information warfare to promote narratives of Kinmen’s freedom and economic prosperity, thus increasing the appeal of such a model for Taiwan’s other outlying islands and eventually Taiwan itself.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-09): The past year saw yet more heated debate over definitions of what "one China" means. Beijing asserts that there is widespread international acceptance of and agreement with its "one China principle," which sees Taiwan as part of a Chinese state represented by the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The PRC accuses the United States of departing from what it claims is Washington’s long-standing acceptance of the PRC position, given U.S. efforts to improve cooperation and contact with Taipei. In reality, the United States’ "one China policy" states that Washington does not take a position on Taiwan’s sovereignty and merely "acknowledges" the existence of a Chinese position even as Washington officially recognizes the PRC as the government of China. The United States reserved the right to maintain unofficial relations with Taiwan as it sees fit. Taipei’s official position is that it is already independent as the Republic of China (Taiwan), whose jurisdiction covers Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other outlying islands.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Oct. 25 sees the Battle of Kuningtou on Kinmen, in which the ROC armed forces defeat the CCP on the northwestern coast of the island. [...] Aug. 23 sees the start of an artillery duel between the ROC garrison on Kinmen and Chinese forces that lasts more than 40 days. [...] Government-authorized representatives from across the Taiwan Strait meet for the first time in Hong Kong, and via subsequent communication and negotiations, arrive at various joint acknowledgements and understandings.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-01): The ongoing dispute has led to heightened military confrontation in the Taiwan Strait, which geographically separates mainland China from the island of Taiwan. In the First Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954–55, the PRC shelled the Kinmen and Matsu islands, situated close to the mainland, in an unsuccessful attempt to deter the United States from signing a mutual defense treaty with the Nationalist government. Following the First Taiwan Strait Crisis, Taipei and Beijing reached a tacit understanding of a "median line," also called the center line, to guide rules of engagement and prevent miscalculation in the Taiwan Strait. The PRC repeated its artillery bombardment of Kinmen in 1958 during the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. In response, the United States drew up plans for a nuclear strike on mainland China, demonstrating the Dwight Eisenhower administration’s Cold War commitment to Taiwan. The PRC fired live ammunition and missiles into Taiwan’s waters during the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1995–96 to express disapproval of Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui’s visit to the United States.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-14): However, Kinmen (金門) is an exception to this success story. Given its geography and economy, Kinmen is uniquely susceptible to PRC influence, and has been targeted through the weaponization of infrastructure and resource projects. Moreover, the CCP views political-economic integration between Kinmen and Fujian province as useful propaganda and as an experimental model for the integration of the rest of Taiwan. Many of the efforts that were temporarily put on hold due to the CCP’s challenges dealing with COVID are now being restarted. In the coming years, Taiwan should reassess both its defense policies and the economic development of Kinmen, to better address PRC cognitive warfare. [...] Kinmen’s prior history as part of the Republic of China’s Cold War-era fortress frontline against the PRC meant that Kinmen has had long-standing issues with economic self-sufficiency—particularly after the drawdown of the military garrison, which numbered over 100,000 at the height of the 1958 Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. During a warmer period of Taiwan-PRC engagement, both sides sought to leverage Kinmen’s geographic proximity to the PRC through the "Three Mini Links" (小三通)—a program of limited postal, transportation, and trade links established in 2001. This, in turn, has resulted in a tourism industry largely catering to Chinese visitors.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-02): In August 2018, the PRC’s Fujian Province began supplying fresh water to Kinmen via an undersea pipeline (Xinhua, August 5, 2018). Kinmen aims to limit the proportion of water it derives from China to 30 percent of its total annual consumption, but Chinese media claimed that China met 68 percent of Kinmen’s water needs in March 2021 (Taipei Times, July 29, 2018; Guancha.cn, April 9). Although a water diversification plan approved by Taiwan’s Executive Yuan in 2013 was supposed to improve Kinmen’s local water resources to fulfill at least 75 percent of the territory’s water needs by 2031, a 2020 study by the Executive Yuan’s Economic Bureau found that Kinmen is set to miss that target (ROC Executive Yuan, September 3, 2020).
Claim: Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Matsu Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): The Matsu Islands[a] (UK: /ˌmætˈsuː/ or US: /ˌmɑːtˈsuː/[4]), officially Lienchiang County[b] (/ljɛnˈdʒjɑːŋ/), are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China. The archipelago forms the smallest county in the ROC-controlled territories by area and population, as well as one of two counties that is a part of the nominal Fuchien Province. [...] Republic of China [edit]In 1911, the Qing dynasty was toppled after the Xinhai Revolution on 10 October 1911 and the Republic of China (ROC) was established on 1 January 1912. Matsu Islands were subsequently governed under the administration of Fukien Province of the ROC. On 1 August 1927, the Nanchang Uprising broke out between the ruling Nationalist Party of China (KMT) and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which marked the beginning of Chinese Civil War. [...] Geography [edit]The Matsu Islands comprise 19 islands and islets,[53] which include five major islands, which are Nangan, Dongju and Xiju (both in Juguang Township), Beigan and Dongyin.[19] Minor islands include Liang Island, Gaodeng Island, Daqiu Island and Xiaoqiu, which are part of Beigan Township.[54] The shortest distance between Huangqi, Lianjiang County and the Matsu Islands is also the shortest distance between China (PRC) administered territory and territory in the ROC (Taiwan)-administered Matsu Islands.[55][56]
Claim: Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Matsu Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-04): The Matsu (Matzu) Tianhou Temple is the largest and most magnificent temple in the Matsu area. It is also known as Magang Tianhou Temple. More than 4,000 wooden blocks were used to create the brackets placed on the columns holding up the structure. According to written records, it was built during the reign of the Qing dynasty's Jiaqing Emperor, which was from 1796-1820. A restoration project was completed in 2002. It is an impressive and solemn palace-style building. It was completed by craftsmen from the three places on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. The stone carvings on the dragon pillars and the gods on the embossed door gods, as well as other details, are exquisite. The sarcophagus in the main hall is believed to be the resting place of Matsu, the Queen of Heaven.
Claim: Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Matsu Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-17): The tiny Matsu Islands are a world unto themselves. They lie far to the northwest of Taiwan proper, just off China’s Fujian province. Staring into the mouth of Fujian’s mighty Min River, the great city of Fuzhou sits close upstream. Matsu’s islands are rugged, hilly outcrops of granite with little flat land; until recent times most material bounty has come from the sea. Traditional culture in the rest of Taiwan is connected to south Fujian, but these islands lie off east Fujian. Meaning different cultural customs, different local dialect, different residential and temple architecture, different cuisine. So, for a vacation from Taiwan without physically leaving Taiwan, point the nose of your craft toward its northernmost possessions. Those craft? There’s regular large-ship ferry service between mainland Taiwan’s Keelung City and ports in Nangan and Dongyin islands, and regular smaller-ferry service between Matsu’s islands. The two biggest islands are Beigan and Nangan, close together, where tourists spend most of their time. (You might also like: 7 Street Snacks to Try in Keelung) [...] The Matsu Islands "Blue Tears" Phenomenon
Claim: Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Matsu Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-13): The emergence of "Matsu" as a singular unit and not a plurality of smaller units reflects the region’s gradual encroachment of state power after centuries of ruling from afar. In part, due to the development of administrative techniques – but primarily in response to the emerging Cold War – establishing regional control significantly leapt up the list of priorities for the ROC government. After a series of stops and starts and different administrative transformations, "Lienchiang County（連江縣)" – originally one of the counties along the Fuzhou’s coast and administrative sections of the Matsu Islands – became the government of the whole Matsu Islands, and a new county seat was established on Nangan, which slowly emerged as the centre of this new region. Like the rest of the ROC’s territories, this was also a period of martial law and tight surveillance across Matsu. Although such governance was lifted, this region was no longer governed under the martial institution after 1992. Moreover, "Lienchiang County" and the name "Matsu" continued to carry their significance until recently.
Claim: Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Matsu Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): After losing control of mainland China in 1949, the ROC retained control of Taiwan and Penghu (Taiwan, ROC), parts of Fujian (Fujian, ROC)—specifically Kinmen, Wuqiu (now part of Kinmen) and the Matsu Islands and two major islands in the South China Sea. The ROC also briefly retained control of the entirety of Hainan, parts of Zhejiang (Chekiang)—specifically the Dachen Islands and Yijiangshan Islands—and portions of Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Yunnan. The Communists captured Hainan in 1950, captured the Dachen Islands and Yijiangshan Islands during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1955 and defeated the ROC revolts in Northwest China in 1958. ROC forces entered Burma and Thailand in the 1950s and were defeated by Communists in 1961. Since losing control of mainland China, the Kuomintang continued to claim sovereignty over 'all of China', which it defined to include mainland China (including Tibet), Taiwan (including Penghu), Outer Mongolia, and other minor territories. [...] - Matsu Islands (36)[35][36] [...] 馬祖列島所涵括的36座島嶼分屬四鄉，各鄉除了包括有聚落發展的較大島嶼外，還轄有數座無人島礁。 [Matsu islands encompass 36 Islands which are divided into four townships. In addition to the larger islands with inhabitants, each township also has numerous uninhabited islands and reefs] - ^ Lung Tsun-Ni (龍村倪) (1998). 東沙群島-東沙島紀事集錦 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 臺灣綜合研究院. p. 13. ISBN 957-98189-0-8. Archived from the original on 30 January 2009.
Claim: Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Matsu Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-15): Matsu (馬祖) is the name for a group of islands off China's southern coast, approximately 100 miles NW from the island of Taiwan. The island falls under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and along with Kinmen, forms the front lines between the ROC and PRC. [...] Unlike the rest of the ROC-controlled territories, where Minnan or Southern Min dominates, residents of Matsu speak Mindong or Eastern Min, which is not mutually intelligible with Minnan. However, most residents are bilingual in Mindong and Mandarin. [...] Though formal hostilities with the PRC ended by the early 1980s, Matsu is still very much a frontline area. Visitors are strongly advised not to wander off paved roads when exploring the island due to the possibility of running across old unmarked minefields. It is also advisible to avoid traveling to certain sensitive areas after dark, such as coastal areas or areas near military installations. Visitors should also obey all orders given by military personnel and avoid entering or photographing military bases
Claim: Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China (Matsu Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-06-21): The Matsu Islands are among the most fascinating places to visit in Taiwan. We recently explored the islands of Dongyin, Dongju, and Nangan on a whirlwind 3-day trip. [...] T main "themes" in the remote Matsu Islands, all falling within the Taiwan Tourism Bureau’s Matsu National Scenic Area, are: PRC/ROC Cold War military history and ubiquitous military fortifications (many now tourist sites); geological spectacle, especially in the form of dramatic seascapes; traditional East Fujian stone-residence and temple architecture and cuisine, dramatically different from "mainstream" Taiwan; ferry-ride island-hopping; and teeming, swirling migratory-bird colonies.he Matsu Islands, far to Taiwan proper’s northwest and the Republic of China’s northernmost possessions, are among my favorite Taiwan-travel destinations, accompanying Alishan, Taroko Gorge, and the East Rift Valley. Michelin is also much taken with them, bestowing many star-ratings in its Michelin Green Guide: Taiwan. I’ve visited three times, and though the mountainous mainland China coast is clearly visible from many Matsu locations, on the approach from mainland Taiwan I’m each time reminded of the island-approach scene in the first Jurassic Park film – I’m about to land in a place a world unto itself, unlike anywhere else in Taiwan. Or anywhere else I’ve ever been. [...] Foreigners in Taiwan: Our Guide to the Matsu Islands 馬祖列島指南