copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2017-03-31): Chenani- Nashri tunnel in Jammu & Kashmir- to the nation on 2nd [...] Asia’s longest bi-directional highways tunnel. Built at an elevation of 1200 metres on one of the most difficult Himalayan terrains, the tunnel will cut the travel time between Jammu and Srinagar by two hours, bypassing about 41 kms of road length. It will also ensure an all weather passage on a route that often sees heavy traffic jams and disruptions due to landslides, snow, sharp curves, breakdown of vehicles and accidents. [...] Chenani-Nashri tunnel will have a very positive impact on the state economy. In line with the Skill India initiative of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, the skill sets of local people were developed and improved, and they were engaged for construction of this tunnel. The project has provided employment to over 2,000 unskilled and skilled youth of Jammu and Kashmir as 94 percent of the work force was from the state. Around 600 to 900 people from across the country also worked on this project in 3 shifts over the past 4 years.
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2017-04-07): India Opens Asia’s Longest Twin-Tube Highway Tunnel in Jammu & Kashmir [...] Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Asia's longest 'Chenani-Nashri Highway Tunnel' on Jammu-Srinagar Highway recently. This bi-directional tunnel is 9.2 km long and is located in the lower Himalayan mountain range between Udhampur and Ramban in the northern State of Jammu & Kashmir. [...] The 'Chenani-Nashri Highway Tunnel' is an all-weather tunnel that ensured to offer safe passage on a route that often sees heavy traffic jams and disruptions due to landslides, snow, sharp curves, the breakdown of vehicles and accidents. It is the first highway tunnel in the country to get the world class 'integrated tunnel control system' that allows ventilation, fire control, signals, communication and electrical systems to be automatically actuated.
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2024-04-17): The following list identifies the longest roadway land tunnels in India. Underwater tunnels are not included. As additional tunnels are constructed or become known, they will be added to the list. As always, any additions, corrections, or suggestions are most welcome. Peace! [...] - https://www.holidify.com/pages/longest-tunnel-in-india-4456.html - https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/5-longest-rail-and-road-tunnels-in-india/photostory/83838998.cms?picid=83839069 - http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/trains/top-10-longest-rail-and-road-tunnels-of-india/ - https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/zojila-project-indias-longest-tunnel-is-powered-by-local-kashmiris-2852847 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawahar_Tunnel - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai–Pune_Expressway - https://www.tourindianow.com/2023/10/Ghat-Ki-Guni.html - http://wikimapia.org/195784/Kamshet-West-Tunnel - https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/changing-city-underground-road-project-mumbai-seamless-transit-8940293/
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Completion of the 9 km bi-directional Chenani-Nashri tunnel in the Jammu & Kashmir (India) will be delayed by two months until July, 2016. [...] IL&FS has allotted to BCC (Beigh Construction Company) the final 1.5 km of excavation work on the Nashri side of the main tunnel. Two other contractors will complete the lining, and a further two will complete the outer works at each end of the tunnel. Located at an elevation of 1.2 km, Chenani-Nashri will be India’s longest road tunnel connecting Udhampur District to Ramban District on the NH-1A Jammu-Srinagar National Highway. Built using NATM techniques, it will replace a 41 km-long road through steep, hilly and difficult terrain with an all-weather road of just 10.9 km. The main 9 km tunnel is connected to a parallel escape tunnel via 29 cross-passages (pedestrian passages every 300 m and vehicular crossings every 1.2 km). Visit http://www.nhai.org/, http://www.itnlindia.com/default.aspx and http://bccgroup.in/. 24/15.
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2016-07-24): Constructed at a cost of Rs 2,519 crore, the Chennai-Nashri tunnel on Jammu-Srinagar National Highway is likely to be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi next month. "Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be requested to formally dedicate to the public the Chenani-Nashri tunnel on Jammu-Srinagar highway which is in the final stage of its completion," Union Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office Jitendra Singh said on Saturday. [...] Describing it as "one of the best tunnels to have been constructed in Asia", he said it was going to be a "historic monument" for India, especially for Jammu and Kashmir.
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-09-27): Key Points - Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Tunnel: The Chenani-Nashri Tunnel renamed as Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Tunnel. - It is not only India’s longest highway tunnel (9 km long) but also Asia’s longest bi-directional highway tunnel. [...] - The Zojila Tunnel will be Asia’s longest road tunnel, to be built at an altitude of 11,578 m above sea level.
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2014-05-20): One of the tunnels now being constructed is between the towns of Chenani and Nashri, which at 9km long will be the longest road tunnel in the country, shattering the previous longest road tunnel record currently held by the 2.5km long Jawahar Tunnel, part of the current and often heavily delayed road connection between Srinagar and Jammu in Jammu and Kashmir state. [...] The spokesman points out, "Tunnelling in the Himalayas is difficult and the Chenani-Nashri tunnel is no exception. The mix of geological formations lead to a lot of distressing and cracking of the rock mass – it’s full of surprises. [...] The Chenani-Nashri tunnel contract was awarded on an EPC (Engineering, Procurement & Construction) basis. Using a fleet of seven Atlas Copco drill rigs, the Chenani-Nashri tunnel is being excavated according to the NATM (New Austrian Tunnelling Method).The fleet includes four Boomer XE3 C rigs with ABC Total (fully automatic) and three Boomer E2 C rigs with ABC Regular (semi-automatic).
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-05-20): Skyscanner’s ‘Road Trip Planner’ set to be a winner with domestic travel boom [...] Chenani-Nashri Tunnel (Patnitop Tunnel), India
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2017-04-02): Prime Minister Narendra Modi today inaugurated the country's longest highway tunnel - Chenani-Nashri [...] Prime Minister Narendra Modi today opened India's longest road tunnel on the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway, which cuts short the journey between the two cities by 30 km and reduces travel time by two hours. Built at an altitude of 1,200 meters, at a cost of Rs 3,700 crore, the Chenani-Nashri tunnel will ensure a safe and swift passage for commuters, even in adverse weather conditions. The tunnel is among the longest highway tunnels in Asia. The Prime Minister, who arrived in Udhampur, the headquarters of the army's Northern Command, by a special plane for the inauguration, took an army helicopter to Chenani. [...] The Chenani-Nashri tunnel is India's first and the world's sixth tunnel to have transverse ventilation system, providing fresh air to passengers. Ventilation systems for such long tunnels are essential to maintain clean air, permissible carbon dioxide levels and expel harmful vehicle emissions.
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2018-12-19): The first claim is that India’s longest road tunnel, ‘the Chenani-Nashri tunnel in Jammu’ has been constructed. The annual report of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (2017-18) states that, ‘2017 is the year when engineering marvels like the Dhola Sadiya Bridge in Assam and Chenani Nashri tunnel in Jammu and Kashmir were opened.’ As per the annual report, this tunnel is not only India’s longest highway tunnel but also Asia’s longest bi-directional highway tunnel. It is built at an elevation of 1200 meters and cost Rs. 3,720 crores. The tunnel road is a part of the 286-kilometer-long project for four-laning of the Jammu and Srinagar National Highway. [...] Fact: It is true that the Chenani-Nashri tunnel is the longest highway tunnel in India and has been inaugurated in 2017. However, the project was approved in 2009, work started in 2011 and was 62% complete by August 2014, all during the UPA regime. Hence to claim that everything happened during the current government is MISLEADING.
Claim: India’s longest road tunnel, the Chenani – Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2024-06-03): - Length: It is the longest highway tunnel in India, covering a distance of nine kilometers. [...] Confusion Points - Chenani-Nashri Tunnel Renaming: The Chenani-Nashri Tunnel in J&K has been renamed the Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Tunnel. - Longest Road Tunnel: The Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Tunnel (Chenani-Nashri Tunnel) is mentioned as the longest road tunnel in India, covering 9.28 km. It ensures all-weather connectivity, even during harsh winter weather.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2023-04-20): According to studies conducted by Pew research organisation, globally Muslims have the highest fertility rate of any religious group, with an average of 2.9 children per woman, followed by Christians at 2.6 children per woman. Hindus and Jews, stand next with a fertility rate of 2.3 per woman, just below the global average of 2.4. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2015-04-21): Muslims are expected to grow faster than Hindus because they have the youngest median age and the highest fertility rates among major religious groups in India. In 2010, the median age of Indian Muslims was 22, compared with 26 for Hindus and 28 for Christians. Likewise, Muslim women have an average of 3.2 children per woman, compared with 2.5 for Hindus and 2.3 for Christians.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2023-04-18): Differential fertility between Hindus and Muslims – the two major religious groups in India – has always fuelled controversy among academicians and policymakers. According to NFHS-5, TFR among Hindus was estimated to be 1.9, while among Muslims it was 2.4. However, according to James and Rana (2021), declining fertility in India encompasses all religious groups including Muslims, which have historically recorded higher fertility than other communities, have also recorded a faster decline in fertility in recent years. Using 2011 Census data, an earlier study by Ghosh (2018) observed that in districts where Hindu fertility was high, Muslim fertility was also high, and where Hindu fertility was low than Muslim fertility was also low – signifying that it was not religion that influences the level of fertility. In the study, it was also found that regions with high fertility was characterised by high fertility across groups, irrespective of socio-religious affiliation or educational attainment among women; the same holds for low fertility regions.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2024-05-14): Once again, the Muslim population has become a point of discussion. Last month, Prime Minister Narendra Modi referred to Muslims in India as "those who have a large number of children". A Data Point published on April 23 showed that the fertility rate of Muslims was 2.36 in 2019-21, much closer to the replacement level. The fertility rate is the average number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime. A rate of 2.1 (the ‘replacement level’) means that the population is stable. [...] The fertility rate of Muslim women varies according to region. For instance, the fertility rate of Muslim women in Bihar was 3.6 in 2019-21, much higher than the 2.0 in Maharashtra. Similarly, the fertility rate of Muslim women was 1.9 in Tamil Nadu and 2.0 in Karnataka, much lower than the 2.7 in Jharkhand and 2.4 in Rajasthan. The answer for why fertility levels drastically vary among Muslim women across different regions lies in how developed a State is both economically and socially. [...] In most States, the unmet demand among Muslim women was higher than Hindu women. In States such as Haryana, Bihar, and Jharkhand where the fertility rate of Muslim women was high, the unmet demand was also high. In these States, the gap between the unmet demand between Muslim and Hindu women was much wider too. Increasing awareness about contraceptive measures and enhancing access to them, educating girl children, and stopping child marriage — all functions of the government — will reduce the fertility rates among all the religious groups at a much faster rate.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2018-01-12): The fertility rate of Hindu households fell from 2.6 in the last survey in 2005-06 to 2.1, the level at which a population is said to be able to replace itself from generation to generation without migration. [...] Predictably, when looking at the fertility rate of the different wealth quintiles (onefifths of the population), the section with the lowest income had the highest number of children at 3.2 and the richest had the least, 1.5. Scheduled tribes, the least developed among social categories, had the highest fertility rate of 2.5, followed by 2.3 for scheduled castes and 2.2 for other backward classes. The upper castes had the lowest fertility rate of 1.9. The younger the women, the lower the mean number of children born to them, evidence of the progress over the last two decades in bringing down the total fertility rate. The TFR for Muslim women aged 40-49 was the highest at 4.2 and it was the lowest for Jain women of the same age at 2.2. Hindu women of this age group had the second highest TFR of 3.1.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2015-04-02): With a Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.4 children per woman, Hindus have about the same fertility levels as the world’s overall population (2.5) in the 2010-2015 period. Global fertility among Hindus is above the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman (the number considered necessary to maintain a stable population, all else being equal). Hindu fertility rates are highest in the Asia-Pacific region (2.4) and lowest in Europe (1.5). [...] Hindu fertility rates during the 2010-2015 period are 3.2 in Pakistan, 2.6 in Nepal and 2.5 in India. In many countries, Hindu fertility is below the 2.1 replacement level, including Australia (1.7), Indonesia (1.6), the United Kingdom (1.5) and South Africa (1.5).
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2021-09-21): Every religious group in the country has seen its fertility fall, including the majority Hindu population and Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain minority groups. Among Indian Muslims, for example, the total fertility rate has declined dramatically, from 4.4 children per woman in 1992 to 2.6 children in 2015, the most recent year for which religion data is available from India’s National Family Health Survey. Muslims still have the highest fertility rate among India’s major religious groups, followed by Hindus at 2.1. Jains have the lowest fertility rate (1.2). The general pattern is largely the same as it was in 1992, when Muslims had the highest fertility rate at 4.4, followed by Hindus at 3.3. But the gaps in childbearing between India’s religious groups are generally much smaller than they used to be. For example, while Muslim women were expected to have an average of 1.1 more children than Hindu women in 1992, the gap had shrunk to 0.5 by 2015. [...] Religion is only one of many factors tied to fertility rates. While this report describes differences in the fertility patterns of major religious groups in India, it cannot measure the full impact of historical and cultural factors on these patterns, nor can it quantify the direct role that religion plays when it comes to fertility and family size.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2023-02-22): India has become the biggest country in the world this year, but conversely, its fertility rates have been in a steep decline for years. In reality, the reversal of population growth that manifested itself in China this year has already begun in India as well. The number of children born per woman in India had dropped to 2.0 by 2019. To maintain a stable population, 2.1 births per woman are necessary. Birth rates have been declining across all religious groups, making rates more similar in the process, reporting by Pew Research Center shows. Muslim women have traditionally given birth to more children than other women in India, but the gap between Hindu and Muslim birth rates in the country as been narrowing from one third to one quarter higher birth rates among the latter population.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2021-12-16): The highest quality projections for religious communities are built on cohort-component projections—ones that use differential rates for each religion: age-specific fertility rates by religion, age structure in 5-year age-and-sex cohorts by religion, migration rates by religion, and mortality by religion. For instance, cohort-component projections are used for the projections at the Pew Research Center and at the Age and Cohort Change Project of the International Institute for Advanced Systems Analysis (IIASA). Unfortunately, this kind of detail is not yet available for many countries (half of censuses do not ask a question about religion). [...] Several factors account for the faster projected growth among Muslims than non-Muslims worldwide. Generally, Muslim populations tend to have higher fertility rates (more children per woman) than non-Muslim populations. In addition, a larger share of the Muslim population is in, or soon will enter, the prime childbearing years (ages 15–29). In the past few decades, improved health and economic conditions in Muslim-majority countries have led to greater-than-average declines in infant and child mortality rates, and life expectancy is rising even faster in Muslim-majority countries than in other less-developed countries.16 [...] Muslims continue to experience higher than average worldwide fertility rates, whereas Daoists are growing because of a religious resurgence in China.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2024-03-12): If you look at the red line you see the countries of the world ordered descending by the fertility rate in the period between 1950 to 1955. Rwanda, Kenya, the Philippines, and also other countries that are not labeled in this chart had a fertility rate higher than 7 children per woman. China had a fertility rate of just over 6 and India had a fertility rate of just under 6. [...] For example, countries with predominantly Christian populations have wide-ranging fertility rates — from high fertility rates in the Democratic Republic of Congo to much lower fertility rates in Portugal — which indicates that fertility rates can vary significantly within the same religious group across different countries. [...] Exceptions do exist — in some highly religious sub-populations, religious teachings have had a significant impact on fertility rates. A notable example is the Hutterites, a group of Christians with origins in Tyrol, who, in the early twentieth century, had an average of 10.4 children per married woman in North America. This was one of the highest total fertility rates recorded in human history. This exception underscores the complexity of factors influencing fertility rates, including the role of deeply held religious beliefs in certain contexts.45
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2024-05-10): The total fertility rate, or TFR, is a measure of how many children women normally bear on average in their lifetimes. As per the latest estimates, this stands at around 2.4 kids for Muslims and 1.9 for Hindus in India. TFR is typically higher in lesser-developed countries due to the lack of access to birth-control measures and lower levels of female empowerment. In contrast, it is generally lower in areas with better income, education and human development. Therefore, a low TFR is actually a good thing, provided it manages to replenish the population. To that end, PFI notes that the steepest TFR decline in recent times has also been observed among Muslims, declining by 1% compared to the Hindu’s 0.7%. Considering that the Muslim community still has the highest TFR, the non-profit explains that this lowering trend notes how fertility rates are finally equalising across India’s religious spectrum. PFI also highlights that the TFR among Muslim women in Kerala is even lower than the TFR among Hindu women in Bihar, emphasising the significant impact of factors like education and healthcare on population dynamics across different regions and religious groups.
Claim: ‘Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World’ (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-20)
Evidence (2024-10-06): By total number, India has the most Hindus. As a percentage, Nepal has the largest percentage of Hindus in the world, followed by India and Mauritius.[6] The Hindu population around the world as of 2020 is about 1.2 billion, making it the world's third-largest religion after Christianity and Islam, of which nearly 1.1 billion Hindus live in India.[7][8] India contains 94% of the global Hindu population.[9][10] According to a statistical study, an estimated 100 million Hindus live outside of India.[11] In 2010, only two countries in the world had a majority of their population as Hindus – Nepal and India.[12] In Mauritius, 48.14 percent of the population were Hindu, according to the 2015 census.[13] Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Fiji, Bhutan, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Sri Lanka have very large and influential Hindu minorities.[weasel words][citation needed] [...] - ^ "European Countries with the Highest Number of Hindus: 2010 to 2050". 19 August 2020. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.