copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): The People's Republic of China (PRC) (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國) is a one-party state in East Asia governed by the Communist Party of China (CPC). It was founded on 1 October 1949. It currently has more than 1.4 billion people (as of 2017).[3] It covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers. [...] Geography [change | change source]The People's Republic of China is the third-[22] or fourth-largest[23] country in the world after Russia, Canada, and (in some sources) the United States and the second-largest by land area.[24] China has every kind of climate in the northern hemisphere except the polar climate. It is also the largest country without any land north of the Arctic Circle. China borders 14 nations, which is more than any other country in the world. It borders Vietnam, Laos, and Burma in Southeast Asia; India, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan[25] in South Asia; Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia; a small section of Russian Altai and Mongolia in Inner Asia; and the Russian Far East and North Korea in Northeast Asia.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-08): Historical sources suggest it first came under the full control of a Chinese empire in the 17th Century. It became a Japanese colony in 1895, after the Qing empire lost the first Sino-Japanese war. Then in 1945, after Japan lost World War Two, China took the island but now a nationalist government, led by General Chiang Kai-shek, was in power. This was at the height of a decades-long conflict between Chiang's forces and Mao Zedong's Communist Party. When the communists won in 1949, Chiang and what was left of the nationalist party, known as the Kuomintang or KMT, fled to Taiwan, where they ruled for several decades. They called this the Republic of China, a name Taiwan has retained.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): People's Republic of China's position [edit]The Depsang Plains are located on the border of the Indian union territory of Ladakh and the disputed zone of Aksai Chin. The Chinese Army controls most of the plains,[4] while India controls the western portion of the plains.[5] The dispute remains unresolved.[6] Arunachal Pradesh is a state of India created on 20 January 1972, located in the far northeast. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Burma in the east, Bhutan in the west, and China in the north. The majority of the territory is claimed by China, by whom it is called South Tibet. The northern border of Arunachal Pradesh reflects the McMahon Line, a line demarcated by the 1914 Simla Convention between the United Kingdom and the Tibetan government. The Simla Convention was never accepted by the Chinese government, and it was also considered invalid by Tibetans due to unmet conditions specified in the treaty.[7] The boundary was not broadly enforced by the Indian government until 1950. Currently, this territory is administered by India.[8][9]
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Charding Nullah was mentioned by the name "Lhari stream" in a treaty between the Kingdom of Ladakh and the Ganden Phodrang government of Tibet in 1684 and stated as the boundary between the two regions. British surveys placed the border in 1847 between the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and Qing Tibet on the stream, while British maps from 1868 onwards placed the border downstream and west of Demchok. After independence in 1947, India claimed the southern watershed of the river (roughly 3 miles southeast of Demchok) as its boundary, which has been contested by the People's Republic of China whose claims coincide with the British maps. The two countries fought a brief war in 1962, after which the Demchok region has remained divided between the two nations across a Line of Actual Control. [...] - Aksai Chin - Chumar - Khurnak Fort - McMahon Line - Nelang - Skakjung [...] - ↑ 10.0 10.1 "印度防长：要让巴付出代价 已炮击2万发炮弹" (in zh). Hunan Daily. 10 October 2014. http://news.voc.com.cn/article/201410/20141010095109443_2.html. "巴里加斯(Parigas)，是中国和印度西部边境中的一块争议领土，面积约1900平方公里，包括基古纳鲁河、乌木隆、碟木绰克(Demchok), 果洛等地区。[...] 巴里加斯中国固有领土，位于西藏阿里噶尔县西北 [Bālǐ jiā sī (Parigas) is a disputed territory on the western border between China and India. It covers an area of approximately 1,900 square kilometers, including areas such as the Kigunaru River, Umlung, diǎn jiǎo (Demchok), Guoluo, and other areas. [...] Parigas, China's inherent territory, is located in the northwest of Gar County in Tibet.]"
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-08-19): The Nelang watershed remained mysterious and obscure for a long time because of the difficulty in accessing it from the Bhagirathi valley, the tall walls of the Nelang [...] He mentions that the Jadh people of Nelang and Jadung were apprehensive of European incursion and discouraged him from exploring till the pass to Tibet. Based on his interactions he established that The Jahnavi originates much closer to Nelang and on the south side of the pass to Tibet; not from far off Chaprung, as was previously thought. [...] The Nelang watershed drains water from four major valleys. Three of these vales have a generally
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-10-25): CO E 44000 _ NEPAR P455 SEE [...] NING-LANG PVL 27 15 N 1CC 53 E 44U23 [...] NENG-KIG -PPl 28 28 N 109 37 E 44031
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-10): It is situated between China's Xinjiang Province and the Union Territory of Ladakh, once the state of Jammu and Kashmir. [...] Nelang, Pulam Sumda,Sang, Jadhang and Lapthal( Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand). [...] It extends from the easternmost point of Bhutan to a location close to the Talu Pass where Tibet, India, and Myanmar meet.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-06): Nelong Valley is located within Gangotri National Park, so the opening and closing times of the National Park also apply to the valley. The National Park opens in April, and tourist visits are allowed only after forest officials complete their reconnaissance. In April, the National Park is still covered with snow, as is Nelong Valley. The best time to visit the nelong valley is from May to June and mid-September to mid-October. [...] Nelong Valley is visited only during the daytime, so the temperatures mentioned here reflect daytime conditions. [...] Before the Sino-Indian War of 1962, Nelong and other villages were residences of the Jadh Bhotiya tribe. The Jadh of Kinnaur and Nelong had trade ties with Tibet, and people from here used to go to Tibet regularly for trade. However, due to the war, all the villages were evacuated by 1965, and the Jad community was settled in Bagori and Dunda.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-07-25): Giving a gift to the tourists, Uttarakhand government has settled on opening the Nelang Valley in Uttarakhand for Indian tourists. Located on the Indo-China border at a height of over 11,000 feet above the sea level, the valley was closed for civilians after the 1962 Sino-Indian border conflict. [...] An important point for cross-border traders pre-war, Nelang valley still has structures which are related to the old trade route. Gartang Galion, a wooden bridge and the Lal Devta temple are such points in the area which fall on the route for Tibet. Tourists can board safari jeeps for travelling to Nelong Valley from Bhairavghati which is 25 Km ride. Only the jeeps which are registered with forest department can be used for carrying the tourists. As the valley re-opens now, tourists can also get a chance to see Tibetan plateau.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): China's claim on areas south of the McMahon Line, encompassed in the NEFA, were based on the traditional boundaries. India believes that the boundaries China proposed in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh have no written basis and no documentation of acceptance by anyone apart from China. The Indian government has argued that China claims the territory on the basis that it was under Chinese imperial control in the past,[26] while the Chinese government argues that India claims the territory on the basis that it was under British imperial control in the past.[29] The last Qing emperor's 1912 edict of abdication authorised its succeeding republican government to form a union of "five peoples, namely, Manchus, Han Chinese, Mongols, Muslims, and Tibetans together with their territory in its integrity."[30] However, the practice that India does not place a claim to the regions which previously had the presence of the Mauryan Empire and Chola Dynasty, but which were heavily influenced by Indian culture, further complicates the issue.[26] [...] In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory[48] amidst a military buildup.[49] At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim.[36] In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border.[50] In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a "One India" policy to resolve the border dispute.[51][52]
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The easiest access into the Nelang watershed was from Tibet over the Tsangchok la or Jelu Khaga. This may account for the influence of the Buddhist religion and customs that may have proliferated from Tibet5 in the late 1600s and early 1700s during the time of the 6th Dalai Lama. [...] The Nelang watershed drains water from four major valleys. Three of these vales have a generally north-south orientation and only one, the Mana gad, has an east-west orientation. The three valleys that have the International border to the north and the Jadh ganga to the south are: Chor gad valley in extreme west, Tirpani gad valley in the extreme east and the Jadung gad valley, in the middle. The Tirpani gad, Chor gad and Mana gad valley have seen trade traffic since centuries. The history of these vales is well documented by Atkinson, Heinrich Harrer, Ottley, Auden30, Romesh Bhattacharjee31, Harish Kapadia32 and Tapan Pandit.33 [...] With a mild drizzle providing wet cover, we started on 02 June at about 9 a.m. and after a pleasant drive we were at the gateway of the Nelang valley by 02.00 p.m. After some minor formalities with the post-commander at Nelang we proceeded forth, seeing Naga and Do Sindhu bridge en route. Finally when we reached Jadung around 03.00 p.m., it was time to negotiate another administrative hurdle.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Territorial disputes have occurred throughout history, over lands around the world. Bold indicates one claimant's full control; italics indicates one or more claimants' partial control. [...] Asia [edit]Europe [edit]Oceania [edit]Ongoing disputes involving states with limited international recognition [edit]Ongoing boundary disputes within a state [edit]Historic disputes, subsequently settled [edit]Africa [edit]Americas [edit]Antarctica [edit]Asia [edit]Europe [edit]Disputes over territorial waters [edit]Notes [edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the de facto territories of the Republic of China (ROC) are limited to the Taiwan Area.[75][76] Meanwhile, the People's Republic of China (PRC) controls mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.[75] Officially, both the ROC and the PRC claim de jure sovereignty over all of China (including Taiwan), and regard the other government as being in rebellion.[75][77][78]
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-25): The places are Nilang (also written as Nelang), a village located in the Jadh Ganga valley, Jadhang (or Jadhung) and Pulam Sumda, the latter two lying on the upper reaches, towards the India-Tibet frontier. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) with the Chinese army occupying Tibet is located on top of the ridge. [...] In 1921, the Tsaparang Dzongpen visited Nelang again. This time, he sent a letter to the Raja of Tehri requesting him to nominate an official to sort out the boundary issue; at that time, it was not yet considered a 'dispute'; it was only a 'difference of perceptions' between friendly neighbours. [...] On May 2, 1956, the ministry of external affairs complained about a Chinese intrusion. The ministry said: 'Nilang at the area right up to Tsang Chok‐la pass is clearly within Indian territory and has always been in our possession.'
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-22): The Report of 1960 further noted: "In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas." The Indian delegates argued that the traditional and customary boundary in this sector lay along the watershed range, marked by the passes of Tsangchok La, Mana, Niti, Tunjun La, Balcha Dhura, Kungri Bingri, Darma and Lipulekh; therefor "Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda were in Uttarkashi district (formerly Tehri-Garhwal State), Barahoti in Garhwal district and Sangchamalla and Lapthal in Almora district, in Uttar Pradesh State."
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-02-18): Demchok 500 km2, Chumar, Kaurik, Shipki La, Nelang and Laptha. All of these are controlled by India i.e. Kaurik & Shipki La (in Himachal Pradesh), Nelang Valley with areas Leptha, Pulam Sumda and Sang etc.(in Uttarakhand) are areas claimed by China as a part of the Ngari Prefecture of the Zanda County of Tibet, except the Demchok parcel which is 70% with China and 30% with India which is called New Demchok. However China claims all of it. There is another area called Barahoti section area whose grazing fields are named disputed by China, which is also in the state of Uttarakhand and is controlled by India. [...] Arunachal Pradesh is a state of India created on 20 January 1972, located in the far northeast. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Burma in the east, Bhutan in the west, and the China in the north. The majority of the territory is claimed by China as part of South Tibet. The northern border of Arunachal Pradesh reflects the McMahon Line, a 1914 treaty between the United Kingdom and the Tibetan government which was never accepted by the Chinese government, was also considered invalid by Tibetans due to unmet condition specified in the treaty,[1] and not broadly enforced by the Indian government until 1950. This territory is administered by India.[2][3]
Claim: Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-10-27): China's claim on areas south of the McMahon Line, encompassed in the NEFA, were based on the traditional boundaries. India believes that the boundaries China proposed in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh have no written basis and no documentation of acceptance by anyone apart from China. The Indian government has argued that China claims the territory on the basis that it was under Chinese imperial control in the past,[25] while the Chinese government argues that India claims the territory on the basis that it was under British imperial control in the past.[28] The last Qing emperor's 1912 edict of abdication authorised its succeeding republican government to form a union of "five peoples, namely, Manchus, Han Chinese, Mongols, Muslims, and Tibetans together with their territory in its integrity."[29] However, the practice that India does not place a claim to the regions which previously had the presence of the Mauryan Empire and Chola Dynasty, but which were heavily influenced by Indian culture, further complicates the issue.[25] [...] In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory[47] amidst a military buildup.[48] At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim.[35] In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border.[49] In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a "One India" policy to resolve the border dispute.[50][51]
Claim: Nelang is a territory of India (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-12): Nelang or Nilang is a river valley of the Himalayas, containing a small eponymous village, in the Uttarkashi District of the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is close to the disputed Sino-Indian Line of Actual Control (LAC), and is also claimed by China as part of Zanda County of Ngari Prefecture of Tibet. [...] Geography [edit]The Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through a narrow gorge flanked by steep cliffs. The gorge is called Jadh Ganga valley, and part of this valley near Nelang is called Nelang Valley. [...] Culture [edit]Nelang and Jadhang villages are inhabited by the Char Bhutia tribe, who practice Buddhism. During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, India evacuated these villages.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of India (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-03): The Nelong Valley is a rocky desert in the Gangotri National Park at an altitude of 11,400 ft. Long before Tibet was occupied by China, Nelong Valley was an essential trade route between Tibet and India. Experts say that those who have been to Tibet, will be baffled by how similar the terrain of Nelong Valley is to it. [...] Another parallel can be drawn with the famous Himalayan deserts of Lahaul-Spiti and Ladakh. Similar to these valleys, Nelong Valley too has a deeply rich history and culture which is lost in political unrest and border conflicts. The villages which made Nelong Valley were vacated in 1962 during the Indo-China War, since then the historic valley is occupied by endless army camps. The tension on borders is so high that tourists are only allowed till 25 km inside the restricted area. The moment you reach the board of Nelong Valley, the army officials check your permit and stop you. We were the only civilians there but we saw over 30 trucks bringing army personnel inside the valley.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of India (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-15): Post-1956 [edit]Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act.[10] The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963.[11] The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh.[12] The act also designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana.[13] [...] - ^ Balwant Singh Malik (1998). "Territoriality of executive powers of states in India". Constitutional Law. Archived from the original on 31 December 2009.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of India (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-12-16): Nelong Valley , Uttarakhand Located just 45 KMs before Indo-Tibetan border, Nelong or Nelang Valley was opened to tourist recently in May 2015 for the first time since Indo-China war in 1962. Nelang Valley has an average elevation of more than 11,009 ft. and is a mountain desert area with high peaks and has similar climate and landscape as Lahaul and Spiti valley or Ladakh. Nelong Valley falls within Gangotri National Park in Uttarkashi District and can be accessed from Bhairon Ghati or Bhairavghati which is only 24 KMs from here. Nelang Valley is about 315 KMs from Dehradun, capital city of Uttarkhand. Before Indo-China war, Nelang Valley used to fall on an important old trade route to Tibet.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of India (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-01-01): Situated at an elevation of 11,000 feet above sea level, Nelong Valley is a rocky desert in the Gangotri National Park. The much-talked-about valley was opened for tourism in 2015, and since then it has become a go-to place for adventure junkies. The valley was an essential trade route between India and Tibet before it was occupied by the Chinese. [...] The grueling Nelong Valley is located near the Indo-China border, which was closed to tourists after the Indo-China war in 1962. The valley was reopened in 2015 to promote travel and tourism in Uttarakhand. Once a part of the ancient trade route between India and Tibet, Nelong Valley got affected by the 1962 war. The indigenous population living in the valley, known as Rongpas or Bhotiyas, was forced to migrate to Bagori village in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. [...] Best kept secret of Dev Bhoomi, Nelong Valley is nestled in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand and is well-connected by motorable roads. However, you would require to book a gipsy provided by the forest department as they are the only vehicles allowed to go further towards the valley.
Claim: Nelang is a territory of India (Nelang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-11): Nelong Valley is a picturesque valley located in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, India. It is a hidden gem that is not well-known to tourists, making it an ideal destination for those looking to explore off-the-beaten-path places. The valley is surrounded by snow-capped mountains, glaciers, and meandering rivers, making it an idyllic destination for nature lovers, hikers, and adventure enthusiasts. In this article, we will take a closer look at Nelong Valley and explore what makes it a must-visit destination. Nelong Valley is situated at an altitude of 11,000 feet above sea level, and it is approximately 45 kilometers from the Uttarkashi district headquarters. The valley is accessible only during the summer months (June to October) when the snow has melted, and the roads are free from blockages. The valley is accessible by road, and the journey from Uttarkashi takes around 6-7 hours, depending on road conditions. Visitors can hire taxis or take shared jeeps to reach Nelong Valley. [...] Nelong Valley has a rich cultural and historical significance. The valley was once used as a trade route between India and Tibet, and it was closed for several decades after the India-China war of 1962. The valley was opened for tourism in 2015, and since then, it has been attracting visitors from all over the world. The valley is home to several ancient temples, including the Gangotri Temple, Yamunotri Temple, and the Kedarnath Temple. Visitors can also explore the ancient village of Dunda, which is located near the valley.