copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-08-23): Article 1 The People’s Republic of China is a socialist state under the people’s democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-10): Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang[2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959.[1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory. [...] See also - Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China - Arunachal Pradesh - Changtang - Demchok sector - Depsang Plains - Ladakh - List of locations in Aksai Chin - Nelang - Rutog County - Shaksgam Valley - Trans-Karakoram Tract - 2013 Depsang standoff
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-11): Demchok[a] (Tibetan: ཌེམ་ཆོག, Wylie: bde mchog, THL: dem chok),[6][7] previously called New Demchok,[8] and called Parigas (Chinese: 巴里加斯; pinyin: Bālǐ jiā sī) by the Chinese,[6][9][b] is a village and military encampment in the Indian-administered Demchok sector, that is disputed between India and China. It is administered as part of the Nyoma tehsil in the Leh district of Ladakh by India,[1][10] and claimed by China as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region.[11] [...] External links [edit]- Demchok Western Sector (Chinese claim), OpenStreetMap - Demchok Eastern Sector (Indian claim), OpenStreetMap
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-25): Demchok[2][a] (Tibetan: བདེ་མཆོག, Wylie: bde mchog, THL: dem chok, ZYPY: dêmqog),[6][7] is a Chinese-administered village in the Zhaxigang Township, Ngari Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. India disputes the status and claims it as part of the Demchok sector that it regards as part of Ladakh. [...] 1950s and 1960s [edit]In 1951, the People's Republic of China brought Tibet under its control. In 1954, India and China held negotiations for adjusting the trade relations between India and Tibet in the light of the new political context. During the negotiations, China offered Demchok as the location for a trade mart.[b] India objected, claiming that Demchok was within Indian territory. The Chinese negotiator replied, "there can be no doubt about actual physical possession, which can be verified on spot, but to avoid any dispute we may omit mention of Demchok".[17] The final agreement carried the wording, "the customary route leading to Tashigong along the valley of the Indus River may continue to be traversed."[18]
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-19): The Demchok sector[lower-alpha 1] is a disputed area named after the villages of Demchok in Ladakh and Demchok in Tibet, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River. It is a part of the greater Sino-Indian border dispute between China and India. Both China and India claim the disputed region, with a Line of Actual Control between the two nations situated along the Charding Nullah.[lower-alpha 2] [...] Modern Chinese sources refer to the disputed area around Demchok as Parigas (Chinese: 巴里加斯; pinyin: Bālǐjiāsī)[9][10][lower-alpha 3] or the Parigas region (Chinese: 巴里加斯地区; pinyin: Bālǐjiāsī dìqū).[11][12] It is apparently named after the Tibetan name Palicasi (Tibetan: པ་ལི་ཅ་སི, Wylie: pa li ca si) of an insignificant camping site that is known to Ladakhis as Silungle.[13][14][lower-alpha 4] Chinese sources describe the disputed territory as having a total area of 1,900 square kilometres (730 sq mi) with India controlling 450 square kilometres (170 sq mi) of its southwest corner, west of Dêmqog and the Indus River.[9][10][11] [...] After the 1962 Sino-Indian War, the village of Demchok was divided in two parts, with Demchok, Ladakh administered by India and Dêmqog, Tibet Autonomous Region administered by China.[52][53] The split did not divide any of the resident families.[52]
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-23): For Ishey, the second bridge and "other Chinese encroachments" into the 45km-long (28 miles) Skakjung pastureland in the Demchok-Koyul sector in Ladakh have snatched their sense of safety and rights over land owned by the nomads for generations. [...] Nomadic tribes such as the Changpas living in the sector’s villages – Dumchele, Demchok, Chumur, Tsaga La, Koyul and Loma – say they are losing access to grazing lands, which are already shrinking since the conflict intensified in 2020. [...] "Today, we cannot go up to our pasturelands in Dumchele. In the past, we travelled beyond the disputed Demchok sector for cattle grazing. As of today, China deprives us of access to grazing land in Dumchele and areas such as Kigunaru, which are now under Chinese control."
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-01): Demchok is a village and military encampment in the Indian-administered Demchok sector that is disputed between India and China. It is located in the Leh district of Ladakh at an elevation of 4,200 meters. [...] After the 1962 Sino-Indian War, the village of Demchok was divided in two parts, with Demchok, Ladakh administered by India and Dêmqog, Tibet Autonomous Region administered by China. The two villages are separated by a narrow strip of land and a stream. The people of Demchok are mostly farmers and shepherds. They live in simple houses made of mud and stone. The village has a school, a health dispensary, and a post office. However, the villagers face many challenges, including lack of access to basic amenities, harsh climatic conditions, and frequent border tensions.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-02): Located near the Ladakh-Tibet frontier, Demchok is at the heart of a growing confrontation between the two civilisational nation states in the trans Himalayas. Recent reports indicate increased hostility from China’s border guards towards Indian patrolling units Demchok village in India is nestled at the foot of the revered Lhari Karpo (white holy mountain), known as ‘Chhota Kailash’ to both Buddhist and Hindu pilgrims. According to the Treaty of Tingmosgang in 1684, Demchok was considered a part of India. In the 1840s, a Dogra invasion of western Tibet resulted in a stalemate, leading to the Treaty of Chushul, which marked the old and established frontiers at Demchok as the boundary between both sides.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-05): In May 2020, China launched several near-simultaneous incursions across the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh, into territory hitherto controlled by India. Both sides reinforced their positions with tens of thousands of troops, engaged in a deadly skirmish, and reportedly came close to war. An agreement to disengage troops was announced in February 2021, but implementation has been halting. Regardless of how disengagement progresses, the crisis poses significant challenges for India’s long-term strategic competition with China.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-18): India-China tensions have recently escalated at two Himalayan flashpoints: Ladakh and Sikkim. On 5 May, scuffles broke out between Chinese and Indian soldiers near Pangong Tso, a lake that straddles the border in Ladakh. At the same time, there were skirmishes near Nathu La, a mountain pass that marks the border in Sikkim. 10,000 Chinese soldiers are thought to remain camped at Pangong Tso, Galwan Valley and Demchok in Ladakh, and near Nathu La in Sikkim. [...] The territorial claims to Ladakh rest on competing readings of historical treaties. The Treaty of Tingmosgang, for example, has been used by India to claim Ladakh, as it describes a distinction between Ladakh and Tibet. Ladakh and Tibet shared a boundary more than 1000 kilometres long. The treaty actually defines it as one checkpost, at the Lhari Stream near Demchok. [...] India’s claim is further based on the boundaries of the Dogra Empire. The Tibetans, Ladakhis and Dogra signed a treaty in Leh in 1842. It likewise focused on trade and religious exchange. It left trade in the hands of Ladakhis and reaffirmed the post at Demchok.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): China Builds Village Near LAC in Demchok, India Counters New Delhi: Fortifying its position along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh, China’s People’s Liberation Army troops have started constructing a new village along the LAC in the Demchok sector. [...] Depsang and Demchok are two points in Ladakh where the standoff continues between the Indian Army and the PLA. The Chinese have pitched tents at Charding Nonong Nallah in Demchok to prevent access to Indian troops in the area.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-09-19): The decade past has found that Beijing, perhaps buoyed by fruition of her military modernisation, is no more able to restrain from exercising her tactic of forcing gradual migration into claimed territories. Having already firmed up her possession of the Aksai Chin and Shaksgam Valley, she is engaged in preparing grounds for her next phase of expansionism through outlandish claims over the Arunachal Pradesh and many other bits. Accordingly, the LAC is subject to increasing intrusions at Hayuliang-Fish Tail, Asaphila-Longju and Lungma-Kerang areas in the Eastern Sector, Thag La – Barahoti areas in the Central Sector and Chumar, Demchok, Pangong Tso, Depsang Plains and Daulat Beg Oldi areas in the Western Sector of the Indo-Tibet Border. In the process, the PRC has advanced its notional claim-lines well into the Indian territory.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): 9 The Chinese claims in this area include the greater part of Aksai Chin, a part of Chang-Chenmo Valley (Pangong Area), a small part of the territory near Khurnak, the Demchok or Parigas area. White Paper III, at 66-67.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-15): The second bridge and "other Chinese encroachments" into the 45-kilometer-long (28 miles) Skakjung pastureland in the Demchok-Koyul sector in Ladakh have snatched their sense of safety and rights over that land owned by the nomads for generations. [...] Nomadic tribes such as the Changpas living in the sector’s villages – Dumchele, Demchok, Chumur, Tsaga La, Koyul, and Loma – say they are losing access to grazing lands, which are already shrinking since the conflict intensified in 2020. [...] "Today, we cannot go up to our pasturelands in Dumchele. In the past, we traveled beyond the disputed Demchok sector for cattle grazing. Currently, China deprives us of access to grazing land in Dumchele and areas such as Kigunaru, which are now under Chinese control," he asserts.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-11-01): Demchok sector kowiki 뎀초크 지역 zhwiki 巴里加斯
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-31): Indian figures admit that 'transgressions', or instances of Chinese patrols walking through Indian territory, have increased substantially in recent years, especially in Ladakh, or the western sector. In 2017, the year of the Doklam stand-off, these cases rose to 473 from 296 year-on-year. This year, they clocked 170 by April, in comparison with 663 in all of 2019. Ladakh accounted for 130 of these, up from 110 during the same period the previous year. That seems counter-intuitive. After all, the two sides dedicated two whole decades from 1993 onwards to devise a comprehensive regime of confidence building measures aimed at managing the border, formulating rules of engagement for the two militaries, and even setting up the Special Representatives framework to assist the process of finding political solutions to the historical issue. [...] In October, as the union territory of Ladakh was formally established, the Chinese foreign ministry again accused India of "challenging China's sovereign rights and interests," declaring that such a step would "neither change the fact that the relevant region is under China's actual control nor produce any effect." While none of this conclusively establishes that China’s behaviour at the LAC can be directly attributed to the decision on Article 370, it suggests that the move featured in China’s calculus.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-25): First of all, the current disengagement only involves withdrawals on one of the contested border areas, those which set off the skirmishes of 2020. Locations in friction points that predate 2020, such as Depsang in Daulat Beg Oldie and the Charding Nullah Junction in Demchok in the western sector, remain pending. Moreover, while tensions in eastern Ladakh can now plausibly decrease, broader recriminations along the border persist with the consequent potential of new flareups or clashes.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): People's Republic of China's position [edit]The Depsang Plains are located on the border of the Indian union territory of Ladakh and the disputed zone of Aksai Chin. The Chinese Army controls most of the plains,[4] while India controls the western portion of the plains.[5] The dispute remains unresolved.[6] [...] Pakistan [edit]Kashmir [edit]The conflict over Kashmir is primarily between India and Pakistan, with China largely playing a third-party role.[31][32] Conflict started after the partition of India in 1947, as both India and Pakistan initially claimed the entirety of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. In 1963, Pakistan recognized Chinese sovereignty over the Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin.[14] India controls 70% of Kashmir's population and approximately 55% of its land area including Jammu, Kashmir Valley, most of Ladakh, and Siachen Glacier.[33] Pakistan controls approximately 30% of the land including Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. China controls the remaining 15% of the land, including Aksai Chin and the mostly uninhabited Trans-Karakoram Tract, as well as part of the Demchok sector.[34][35][36][37][38][39]
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-04): The historical parallel might not work in the current Chinese occupation of India-claimed territory, especially in the Depsang, simply because context has shifted significantly from the 1990s–the structural reality of Chinese military power. Beijing is better positioned to hold on to its tactical territorial gains the PLA made in Depsang in 2020, which is being reinforced with an intensive infrastructure build-up. Evicting the Chinese military occupation of Depsang will be militarily onerous today for the Indian Army and Air Force. India must proceed on the assumption that the Chinese will hold on to Depsang and possibly Demchok and will collude with the Pakistanis–a scenario that, at a minimum, will subject India to considerable pressure, and at a maximum, result in a joint attack against India. The latter may come across as a worst-case outcome for New Delhi, but worst-case scenarios are very much possible and plausible.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-09): In the spring of 2020, PLAA border defense units and out-of-area combat units increased training and patrolling in the region and established new outposts along the LAC in the Galwan Valley, at Gogra/Hot Springs, and near Pangong Lake.27 Although provocative, these movements likely occurred within the limits of China’s territorial claims.28 In early May, Chinese and Indian soldiers engaged in a fistfight, which increased tensions along the LAC.29 On June 15, 2020, elements of a battalion of the Hotan Border Defense Regiment engaged in hand-to-hand combat with Indian forces in the Galwan River Valley at the confluence of the Shyok River near a location called Patrol Point 14 that resulted in the deaths of 20 Indian and four Chinese border defense soldiers. No shots were fired during the encounter.30 Reportedly, the Indian Army has established 65 Patrol Points from the Karakoram Pass to Chumur, an area outside the Aksai Chin, about 50 miles due west of Demchok.31 The exact locations for all Patrol Points have not been released publicly, yet much media reporting refers to activities at individual Patrol Points. Thus, the precise location of certain events is uncertain due to inconsistencies in reporting.32 [...] - Chinese maps showing many place names, Patrol Points, and fingers on Pangong Lake from the Depsang Plains south along the LAC to Demchok can be found at "1002什么," Weibo (website), September 10, 2022, https://weibo.com/2301227855/M57zgE8QA. There are discrepancies between some names in the Gogra/Hot Springs sector in this source and other sources. Return to text.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-14): Since 2016–2017, these villages have been planned and built on multiple sectors of the India-China border—Demchok in Ladakh in the western sector, Churup near Uttarakhand in the middle sector, and near Upper Subansiri in Arunachal Pradesh in the eastern sector. The construction of new villages has been reported as recently as May 2023. This is not a localized, tactical issue but a broader development across time and space. A careful examination reveals that the villages are an attempt by Beijing to strengthen its hand at the border, with negative implications for India’s border security. [...] Given this civil-military fusion and the building of these villages right up to the India-China border (such as a village in Demchok), the third concern is that China is eroding the basis of border management. This is because the villages undermine the spirit of two key agreements that form the basis of border management between India and China—the 1993 Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement and the 1996 Confidence-Building Measures Agreement. In Point 2 of the 1993 agreement and Article III(1) of the 1996 agreement, the two sides agreed to reduce or limit their respective military forces along the border. By settling civilians in these villages close to the border and then tasking them with national security duties, it seems that China is undertaking actions that contradict the two agreements, thereby undermining the basis of border management. This is concerning especially at a time when skirmishes are more frequent and the border is prone to risks of escalation.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-15): Since 2013, there have been a series of incidents between the border patrols of the two sides, escalating in scope and scale. Former national security adviser Shivshankar Menon, who had steered the BPTA in 1993, wrote in 2021 that the "face-offs and intrusions along the border, which were handled quietly and managed smoothly before 2012, are now more frequent, publicized by both sides and led in 2020 to the first death of troops since 1975."23 The vastly superior Chinese infrastructure in the border region has enabled the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to deploy better anti-access/area denial capabilities, thereby obstructing Indian patrol parties from going to areas that they have patrolled in the past. This includes the Depsang, Demchok, Chumar, and Galwan areas in eastern Ladakh.24 This escalation in Chinese patrolling behavior along the LAC has been accompanied by stone pelting and attacks with nail-studded wooden clubs. The PLA’s behavior has progressively weakened the framework of peace and tranquility built by the two sides since 1993.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Demchok[lower-alpha 1] sector is a disputed area named after the villages of Demchok, Ladakh and Dêmqog, Tibet, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River. It is a part of the greater Sino-Indian border dispute between China and India. Both China and India claim the disputed region, with a Line of Actual Control between the two nations situated along the Charding Nullah.[lower-alpha 2] [...] - ↑ Arpi, Claude (19 May 2017). "The Case of Demchok". Indian Defence Review. http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/the-case-of-demchok/. "The talks were held in Beijing between Zhang Hanfu, China's Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Raghavan, the Indian Ambassador to China and T.N. Kaul, his Chargé d'Affaires and Chen Chai-Kang, a Director. They lasted from December 1953 till end of April 1954. [...] Kaul objected, Demchok was in India, he told Chen who answered that India's border was further on the West of the Indus. On Kaul's insistence Chen said "There can be no doubt about actual physical possession which can be verified on spot but to avoid any dispute we may omit mention of Demchok". [...] In October 1962, the Demchok sub-sector was held by the 7 J&K Militia. The PLA launched an attack on October 22. [...] The PLA eventually withdrew, but occupied the southern part of Demchok."
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of India (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-08): The Demchok sector[a] is a disputed area named after the villages of Demchok in Ladakh and Demchok in Tibet, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River. It is a part of the greater Sino-Indian border dispute between China and India. Both China and India claim the disputed region, with a Line of Actual Control between the two nations situated along the Charding Nullah.[b] [...] The talks were held in Beijing between Zhang Hanfu, China's Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Raghavan, the Indian Ambassador to China and T.N. Kaul, his Chargé d'Affaires and Chen Chai-Kang, a Director. They lasted from December 1953 till end of April 1954. [...] Kaul objected, Demchok was in India, he told Chen who answered that India's border was further on the West of the Indus. On Kaul's insistence Chen said "There can be no doubt about actual physical possession which can be verified on spot but to avoid any dispute we may omit mention of Demchok". [...] In October 1962, the Demchok sub-sector was held by the 7 J&K Militia. The PLA launched an attack on October 22. [...] The PLA eventually withdrew, but occupied the southern part of Demchok. [...] A selection of sources that state that the Demchok sector is administered by India:- Tamkin, Emily; Karklis, Laris; Meko, Tim (28 February 2019). "The Trouble with Kashmir". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 May 2020.