copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2024-08-01): Between the baking heat outdoors and news alerts of extreme events on our screens, it feels like our weather is always breaking records. It’s important to understand the relationship between record-breaking weather and climate change so we can prepare in our daily lives and know how to adapt for the future. [...] More record-breaking weather is an indicator that the climate is changing. Why? [...] Greenhouse gas emissions have been impacting our atmosphere for a long time, and we know that when we’re talking about our atmosphere over a long time, we’re talking about climate. The gradual warming causes our daily weather to change, which is why we are beginning to experience extreme temperatures more often, and why more and more record-high temperatures are occurring.
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2022-12-14): In the 2010s, 96% of 247 locations set more heat records than cold records. A century prior, during the 1910s, 54% of locations set more heat records than cold records. [...] In a stable climate, extreme highs and lows would each account for about half of all records. But since the late 1970s, daily heat records have become increasingly more common than daily cold records across the U.S.—a trend that is projected to increase with additional warming. The observed local trends toward more record heat than cold is a hallmark of climate change as the global average temperature increases. At a national scale, daily heat records have become at least twice as frequent as daily cold records. According to NOAA, in 2022 so far (through December 13), the U.S. has experienced about twice as many daily heat records than cold records.
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2024-01-12): "After seeing the 2023 climate analysis, I have to pause and say that the findings are astounding," said NOAA Chief Scientist Dr. Sarah Kapnick. "Not only was 2023 the warmest year in NOAA’s 174-year climate record — it was the warmest by far. A warming planet means we need to be prepared for the impacts of climate change that are happening here and now, like extreme weather events that become both more frequent and severe. "We will continue to see records broken and extreme events grow until emissions go to zero," Kapnick said. "Government policy can address both emissions, but also actions to reduce climate impacts by building resilience." [...] Earth’s average land and ocean surface temperature in 2023 was 2.12 degrees F (1.18 degrees C) above the 20th century — the highest global temperature among all years in NOAA’s 1850-2023 climate record. It also beats the next warmest year, 2016, by a record-setting margin of 0.27 of a degree F (0.15 of a degree C).
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2023-11-30): "Greenhouse gas levels are record high. Global temperatures are record high. Sea level rise is record high. Antarctic sea ice is record low. It’s a deafening cacophony of broken records," said WMO Secretary-General Prof. Petteri Taalas. [...] "Extreme weather is destroying lives and livelihoods on a daily basis – underlining the imperative need to ensure that everyone is protected by early warning services," said Prof. Taalas. [...] June, July, August, September and October 2023 each surpassed the previous record for the respective month by a wide margin in all datasets used by WMO for the climate report. July is typically the warmest month of the year globally, and thus July 2023 became the all-time warmest month on record.
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2023-07-22): Records are crucial for people designing infrastructure and working in agriculture because they need to plan for the worst scenarios, said Russell Vose, climate analysis group director for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. He also chairs a committee on national records. In the past 30 days, nearly 5,000 heat and rainfall records have been broken or tied in the U.S. and more than 10,000 records set globally, according to NOAA. Texas cities and towns alone have set 369 daily high temperature records since June 1. Since 2000, the U.S. has set about twice as many records for heat as those for cold. "Records go back to the late 19th century and we can see that there has been a decade-on-decade increase in temperatures," said Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, keeper of the agency’s climate records. "What’s happening now is certainly increasing the chances that 2023 will be the warmest year on record. My calculations suggest that there’s, right now, a 50-50 chance." The larger the geographic area and the longer stretch of time during which records are set, the more likely the conditions represent climate change rather than daily weather.
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Record-breaking and -shattering probabilities in our changing climate deviate from this course15. It has been shown that record-shattering heat becomes more likely with increasing warming trends16, exemplified by events such as the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave where local temperature records were broken by more than 5 °C17,18, equivalent to a record jump of about one standard deviation and anomalies of more than four standard deviations19. For extreme heat, the local warming rate of maximum temperature—and not the warming level—drives record-shattering probability16. [...] Lagos, finally, exhibits a clearly increasing normalised μ-trend and increasing σ throughout the 21st century (Fig. 3j, m). This increasing normalised μ-trend—associated with high climatological precipitation and the strong scaling of extreme precipitation with temperature in the tropics29—means the full 5yRx1d distribution shifts upward fast enough to lead to increasingly frequent record shattering, even in the absence of increasing variability. Also for Lagos, however, the strong increase in σ alone—associated with deep tropical convection and increasing atmospheric water vapour37—impacts record shattering more strongly than the changes in μ alone.
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2024-07-23): WASHINGTON (AP) — On Sunday, the Earth sizzled to the hottest day ever measured by humans, yet another heat record shattered in the past couple of years, according to the European climate service Copernicus Tuesday. Copernicus’ preliminary data shows that the global average temperature Sunday was 17.09 degrees Celsius (62.76 degrees Fahrenheit), beating the record set just last year on July 6, 2023 by .01 degrees Celsius (.02 degrees Fahrenheit). Both Sunday’s mark and last year’s record obliterate the previous record of 16.8 degrees Celsius (62.24 degrees Fahrenheit), which itself was only a few years old, set in 2016. Without human-caused climate change, records would be broken nowhere near as frequently, and new cold records would be set as often as hot ones. READ MORE: Heat-related deaths climb in Texas after Hurricane Beryl left millions without power "What is truly staggering is how large the difference is between the temperature of the last 13 months and the previous temperature records," Copernius Director Carlo Buontempo said in a statement. "We are now in truly uncharted territory and as the climate keeps warming, we are bound to see new records being broken in future months and years."
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2022-12-22): Record-breaking statistics are combined here with a geographic mode of exploration to introduce a record-breaking map. We examine time series of sea surface temperature (SST) values and show that high SST records have been broken far more frequently than the expected rate for a trend-free random variable (TFRV) over the vast majority of oceans (83 % of the grid cells). This, together with the asymmetry between high and low records and their deviation from a TFRV, indicates SST warming over most oceans, obtained using a distribution-independent, robust, and simple-to-use method. The spatial patterns of this warming are coherent and reveal islands of cooling, such as the "cold blob" in the North Atlantic and a surprising elliptical area in the Southern Ocean, near the Ross Sea gyre, not previously reported. The method was also applied to evaluate a global climate model (GCM), which reproduced the observed records during the study period. The distribution of records from the GCM pre-industrial (PI) control run samples was similar to the one from a TFRV, suggesting that the contribution of a suitably constrained internal variability to the observed record-breaking trends is negligible.
Claim: the U.S. is shattering high temperature records far more frequently than it is shattering low temperature records (Chris Mooney, 2016-07-24)
Evidence (2020-03-17): With higher temperatures, we have more energy in the Earth’s system. Higher ocean water and air temperatures increase the possibility for evaporation and therefore cloud formation. At higher temperatures, the air can hold more moisture content. This can lead to an increase in precipitation intensity, duration and/or frequency. Temperatures increase faster at higher latitude than at the equator. It results in a smaller temperature gradient between mid-latitude and polar temperatures, which can affect the jet stream. For the North Atlantic region, research points to a potential higher frequency of extreme hydro-meteorological events, such as heavy storms in winter, or prolonged drought in summer. [...] Extreme flooding will continue to be concentrated in regions where humans have built on floodplains or low-lying coastal regions. As global warming increases the likelihood for more extreme weather events to occur, risks will expand beyond the high-risk areas known today. More extreme flooding must be expected, and for the towns and cities where flooding has already occured, theirs will no longer be a ‘once in a lifetime’ risk but now far more frequent.
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2020-01-31): An FDA study did not find that vaccines contain cancer-causing cells or viruses. Vaccines do not increase the risk of cancer.
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2023-11-03): Various experts also told us that it is unlikely that residual DNA in the vaccines could integrate into DNA or cause cancer, even in theory. And as we have previously written, there isn’t evidence to date that the vaccines cause cancer or have led to an increase in cancer. [...] The limits are based on the theoretical concern that residual DNA — specifically from mammalian cell lines — could cause cancer or a viral infection, particularly if there were a cancer-causing gene or certain viral DNA present in the cell line. But Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, told us that regulatory limits on residual DNA in vaccines are set conservatively. [...] As we’ve said, social media posts misleadingly refer to the presence of "SV40, a cancer causing sequence." This brings to mind past concerns, which were not borne out, that contamination of polio vaccines with the entire SV40 virus could cause cancer. Researchers discovered in 1960 that monkey kidney cells that had been used to produce some polio vaccines were contaminated with SV40, which was found to cause cancer in rodents. But the virus has not been shown to cause cancer in humans, and the contamination did not ultimately lead to more cancer in children who received the contaminated vaccines compared with those who didn’t.
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2024-10-09): "The viruses are later harvested from the cell lines, and the vaccines are purified to remove any residual cells, ensuring they don’t end up in the final product. "The vaccines themselves are completely free of human tissue or cells." [...] "While it is therefore true that human cells (or cells of human origin) are used in the manufacture of these vaccines, these are grown in the lab and have been done so for a very long period of time," he said.
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2022-07-01): Two of the most commonly used cell strains in vaccine development or manufacturing are MRC-5 and WI-38, which were made decades ago from lung tissue taken from two different aborted fetuses in the U.K. and Sweden in the 1960s. Researchers discovered the cells were useful for the purpose because they were good at growing viruses that infect humans, and many vaccines are made of weakened viruses. [...] Other vaccines produced in fetal cell lines include chickenpox, hepatitis A and one of the rabies vaccines. As the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia has explained, vaccines manufactured in fetal cell lines do not contain any of the cells because the vaccines are purified. [...] The Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which do not contain virus and instead are made of messenger RNA, have a more tenuous link to fetal cell lines. Neither vaccine is made in such cells, but both companies did certain experiments testing their vaccines in HEK-293T cells, which are commonly used in biomedical research.
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2024-10-01): How cell-based flu vaccines are made [...] Significance of FDA approving cell-based candidate vaccine viruses
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2024-05-03): There is no evidence to support a link between COVID-19 vaccines and cancer, as we’ve reported. Both the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society have stated there’s no information that suggests COVID-19 vaccines cause cancer, make it more aggressive or lead to recurrence of cancer.
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2024-02-26): "!! TRUST THE #SCIENCE !!," the author of a viral post wrote on Instagram on Feb. 7. The post included a screenshot of a news story titled "Mainstream science mulls ‘global moratorium’ on COVID vaccines as cancers rise, boosters flub," and the statement "Covid vaccines *may* cause cancer. You don’t say." [...] The review also uncritically cites an unpublished analysis by former physics professor Denis Rancourt that alleged that some 17 million people died from the COVID-19 vaccines. We recently explained that the report erroneously ignored deaths from COVID-19 and that such estimates are implausible. And the review recycles unsupported claims about "high levels of DNA contamination" in the mRNA vaccines and the possibility that such DNA fragments "will integrate into the human genome" and cause cancer. As we’ve detailed, trace amounts of residual DNA are expected in vaccines, but there is no evidence the DNA can alter a person’s DNA or cause cancer.
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2024-05-09): Virus-based vaccines are made in living cells (cell substrates). Some manufacturers are investigating the use of new cell lines to make vaccines. The continual growth of cell lines ensures that there is a consistent supply of the same cells that can yield high quantities of the vaccine. In some cases the cell lines that are used might be tumorigenic, that is, they form tumors when injected into rodents. Some of these tumor-forming cell lines may contain cancer-causing viruses that are not actively reproducing. Such viruses are hard to detect using standard methods. These latent, or "quiet," viruses pose a potential threat, since they might become active under vaccine manufacturing conditions. Therefore, to ensure the safety of vaccines, our laboratory is investigating ways to activate latent viruses in cell lines and to detect the activated viruses, as well as other unknown viruses, using new technologies. We will then adapt our findings to detect viruses in the same types of cell substrates that are used to produce vaccines. We are also trying to identify specific biological processes that reflect virus activity. [...] The use of tumorigenic and tumor-derived cells is a major safety concern due to the potential presence of viruses such as retroviruses and oncogenic DNA viruses that could be associated with tumorigencity, Therefore, detection of persistent, latent DNA viruses, and endogenous retroviruses in vaccine cell substrates is important for vaccine safety, particularly in the development of live viral vaccines, where there are no or minimal virus inactivation and removal steps during vaccine manufacturing.
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2021-01-21): Vaccines based on viral vectors
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2024-08-30): The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continue to diligently monitor a variety of data sources to identify any potential risks of the vaccines and to ensure that information is available to the public. [...] FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) regulates vaccines and other biological products. [...] Vaccine EUA Questions and Answers for Stakeholders
Claim: The FDA study looked at vaccines that are made from living cells [...] oftentimes contaminated with hidden viral fragments which have the potential to cause cancer. (Aaron Kesel, 2020-01-31)
Evidence (2023-09-14): No, an "FDA study" did not find that vaccines contain cancer-causing viruses [...] Claim that virus contaminating polio vaccine between 1955 and 1963 is cancer-causing not supported by science
Claim: Abortion is never medically necessary (Lila Rose, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2019-08-30): Certain life-threatening conditions during pregnancy can make abortion medically necessary in order to save the mother’s life. Preserving both the life of the mother and child by inducing early delivery, as the video suggests, is only possible if the fetus’ gestational age is advanced enough that it stands a chance of survival outside the womb. As this is not always the case, early delivery is not always a suitable alternative to abortion.
Claim: Abortion is never medically necessary (Lila Rose, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2022-10-11): ‘Is an Abortion Medically Necessary?’ Is Not a Question for Ethicists to Answer Abortion raises many ethical questions. Determining whether an abortion is needed to save a pregnant person’s life or health is not among them. That’s a factual question requiring medical — not ethical — judgment. Yet in the struggle to provide medically necessary care in a post-Dobbs world, some clinicians and institutions have mistakenly turned to ethics consultants and committeesto decide whether a patient’s pregnancy may be terminated.
Claim: Abortion is never medically necessary (Lila Rose, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2022-06-24): Overall, the medical necessity of abortion in some cases is clear—despite the often indeterminate language of certain laws. "There are situations where pregnancy termination in the form of the abortion is the only medical intervention that can preserve a patient's health or save their life," the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Physicians for Reproductive Health wrote in a 2019 joint statement. "As physicians, we are focused on protecting the health and lives of the patients for whom we provide care. Without question, abortion can be medically necessary." Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Tell us why! Other Submit
Claim: Abortion is never medically necessary (Lila Rose, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2024-07-08): Understanding and Navigating Medical Emergency Exceptions in Abortion Bans and Restrictions The Supreme Court's June 2022 decision to revoke the constitutional right to abortion has had devastating consequences, allowing abortion bans and restrictions to go into effect around the country. State abortion bans and restrictions may have stated or claimed exceptions—for example, that an abortion can be performed in the case of a "medical emergency" or to prevent "death or irreversible damage to a major bodily function." The specific language used in many of these laws to describe exceptions is often confusing and unclear. [...] - Clinicians must be able to act before a patient acutely decompensates when a medical complication occurs. ACOG asserts that doctors and other health care professionals must be able to intervene when they feel it is medically necessary and provide abortion care before a patient is critically ill. Hospitals and other medical institutions should not require meeting particular criteria (e.g., admission to the ICU or unstable vital signs) before allowing clinicians to proceed with abortion care.
Claim: Abortion is never medically necessary (Lila Rose, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2024-08-13): American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynecologists has repeatedly and falsely stated on social media that "abortion is never medically necessary." It also filed an amicus curiae in the Dobbs case repeatedly stating that abortion is "never medically necessary." Additionally, AAPLOG’s Donna Harrison co-authored a February 2019 opinion piece claiming "the truth … is that there is no situation in which an abortion is medically necessary." [...] Family Research Council has repeatedly claimed that abortions are never medically necessary. In September 2022, it wrote on social media: "Abortion is never medically necessary to save the life of a mother." FRC’s publication The Washington Stand posted a September 2022 piece with the headline "3 Reasons Why Abortion Is Never Medically Necessary." And the organization’s program Washington Watch with Tony Perkins hosted AAPLOG’s Donna Harrison to purportedly explain "why an abortion is never medically necessary." [...] Students for Life of America has repeatedly stated that abortion is "never medically necessary" and has released videos with the title "Abortion is NEVER Medically Necessary." The group’s president, Kristan Hawkins, has also falsely claimed that abortion is "never medically necessary to save the life of the mother."