copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): During World War II, ROC leader Chiang Kai-shek meets with U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Cairo. After the conclusion of the conference, the Cairo Declaration is released, stating that "…Formosa [Taiwan], and the Pescadores [the Penghu Islands], shall be restored to the Republic of China…" [...] After World War II, ROC government representatives accept the surrender of Japanese forces in Taiwan. The Chief Executive of Taiwan Province Chen Yi sends a memorandum to the Japanese governor-general of Taiwan, stating that "As the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province of the ROC, …I restore all legal territory, people, administration, political, economic, and cultural facilities and assets of Taiwan [including the Penghu Islands]." [...] Following the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty with Japan signed by 48 Allied nations on behalf of the United Nations, the Treaty of Peace is signed between the ROC and Japan at Taipei Guest House, formally ending the state of war between the two parties. It is recognized that under Article 2 of the San Francisco Treaty, Japan has renounced all right, title, and claim to Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores) as well as the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands. All treaties, conventions and agreements concluded before Dec. 9, 1941, between China and Japan become null and void as a consequence of the war.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-01-22): On January 22, 2019, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), pursuant to paragraph 41(1)(b) of the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA) made a final determination of dumping of certain corrosion-resistant steel sheet from the People’s Republic of China (China), the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), the Republic of India (India) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) (subject goods).
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-14): US bars Pentagon maps from depicting Taiwan as part of China [...] The legislation says, "None of the funds authorized to by (be) appropriated by the act may be used to create, procure, or display any map that depicts Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, Penghu, Wuciou (Wuqiu), Green Island, or Orchid Island as part of the territory of the People's Republic of China."
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-01-07): Dumping (China, The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu [Chinese Taipei], India and South Korea) [...] in coils or cut lengths, in thicknesses up to 0.168 in. (4.267 mm) and widths up to 72 inch (1,828.8 mm) with all dimensions being plus or minus allowable tolerances contained in the applicable standards, chemically passivated, originating in or exported from the People’s Republic of China, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), the Republic of India, and the Republic of Korea and excluding: [...] Country of origin or export: China, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), India and South Korea
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-23): Elleman, Bruce. "Document 8: Declaration on China’s Territorial Sea, 4 September 1958". [...] Elleman, B. 2017. Document 8: Declaration on China’s Territorial Sea, 4 September 1958. [...] Elleman B. Document 8: Declaration on China’s Territorial Sea, 4 September 1958. In:
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-29): Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu [edit]In the World Trade Organization, the official full name of Taiwan is "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu", while its official short name is "Chinese Taipei".[100] (In the same way, the official full name of the PRC is "People's Republic of China", while its official short name is "China", as seen in both members' accession protocols.[101][102]) [...] - ^ "Le Territoire douanier distinct de Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu (Taipei Chinois) et l'OMC". World Trade Organization (in French). Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022. [...] - ^ "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei) and the WTO". World Trade Organization. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-09): The past year saw yet more heated debate over definitions of what "one China" means. Beijing asserts that there is widespread international acceptance of and agreement with its "one China principle," which sees Taiwan as part of a Chinese state represented by the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The PRC accuses the United States of departing from what it claims is Washington’s long-standing acceptance of the PRC position, given U.S. efforts to improve cooperation and contact with Taipei. In reality, the United States’ "one China policy" states that Washington does not take a position on Taiwan’s sovereignty and merely "acknowledges" the existence of a Chinese position even as Washington officially recognizes the PRC as the government of China. The United States reserved the right to maintain unofficial relations with Taiwan as it sees fit. Taipei’s official position is that it is already independent as the Republic of China (Taiwan), whose jurisdiction covers Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other outlying islands.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-09): 1) The breadth of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China shall be twelve nautical miles. This provision applies to all territories of the People's Republic of China, including the Chinese mainland and its coastal islands, as well as Taiwan and its surrounding islands, the Penghu Islands and all other islands belonging to China which are separated from the mainland and its coastal islands by the high seas. [...] 4) The principles provided in paragraphs 2) and 3) likewise apply to Taiwan and its surrounding islands, the Penghu Islands, the Tungsha Islands, and Hsisha Islands, the Chungsha Islands, the Nansha Islands, and all other islands belonging to China. The Taiwan and Penghu areas are still occupied by the United States by armed force. This is unlawful encroachment on the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the People's Republic of China.Taiwan, Penghu and such other areas are yet to be recovered, and the Government of the People's Republic of China has the right to recover these areas by all suitable means at a suitable time.
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The interpretation of Taiwan becoming the Republic of China's '"de jure" territory is supported by several Japanese court decisions such as the 1956 Japan v. Lai Chin Jung case, which stated that Taiwan and the Penghu islands came to belong to the ROC on the date the Treaty of Taipei came into force.[26] Nevertheless, the official position of the Government of Japan is that Japan did not in the Treaty of Taipei express that Taiwan and Penghu belong to the Republic of China,[28] that the Treaty of Taipei could not make any disposition which is in violation of Japan's renouncing Taiwan and Penghu in San Francisco Peace Treaty,[29] and that the status of Taiwan and Penghu remain to be determined by the Allied Powers in the future.[30] [...] "For the purposes of the present Treaty, nationals of the Republic of China shall be deemed to include all the inhabitants and former inhabitants of Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores) and their descendants who are of the Chinese nationality in accordance with the laws and regulations which have been or may hereafter be enforced by the Republic of China in Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores)."
Claim: Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China (Penghu, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-28): Around 610 AD (during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui), residents in coastal areas of the mainland began to migrate to Penghu. Later in the middle of the 12th century, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) put Penghu under the administration of Jinjiang county, Quanzhou of Fujian, and sent troops to guard the territory. In 1335 AD, the government of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) officially set Penghu Xunjiansi, an agency of local administration and inspection under Tong’an county (now Xiamen) of Fujian's Quanzhou, to deal with civil affairs in Penghu and Taiwan. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, mainland residents along the coastal areas began to move to Taiwan for land reclamation. The migration’s frequency and scale gradually increased during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). [...] At the ceremony, the representative of China accepting the surrender announced on behalf of the Chinese government that Taiwan and the Penghu Islands were officially again incorporated into the territory of China, and all land, people and administration were put under Chinese sovereignty from that day. With great joy, Taiwan compatriots celebrated its return to the motherland.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), only 10 km (6.2 mi) east from the city of Xiamen in Fujian, located at the southeastern coast of the People's Republic of China, from which they are separated by Xiamen Bay. Kinmen is also located 187 km (116 mi) west from the closest shoreline of the island of Taiwan across the Taiwan Strait. [...] The People's Republic of China (PRC, China) claims Kinmen as part of its own Fujian Province and considers Wuqiu to be a separate territory of Fujian apart from Kinmen itself; conversely, the ROC claims the Dadeng Islands (Tateng) as part of Kinmen, even though the PRC has effectively transferred the jurisdiction of those islands to Xiamen. [...] Cross-Strait relations [edit]In the controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has continuously claimed the territory of Kinmen County as part of its own Fujian Province, claiming the Kinmen Islands as a county of Quanzhou prefecture-level city.[90][91][22][92] The PRC claims the Wuqiu (Ockseu) Islands as part of Xiuyu District in Putian prefecture-level city.[93] Taiwan (Republic of China) claims the Dadeng (Tateng) Islands in Dadeng Subdistrict, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian as part of Kinmen County.[3][94][52]
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-12): This is Kinmen, a tiny, windswept island in the Taiwan Strait, controlled by Taipei but less than 10 kilometres from the Chinese city of Xiamen. Kinmen’s proximity to China has been a curse and a blessing. The island was shelled heavily in the 1950s during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis and has lived with the threat of violence ever since. But it has also benefited from improved ties between Taiwan and China, with Chinese tourists helping to drive an economic boom visible in new construction across the island. [...] Kinmen has long been a stronghold of the Kuomintang (KMT) party, which supports eventual unification with China – though not under Communist control – and is seen as more conciliatory toward Beijing, despite a long, bloody history between the two sides. During the last KMT administration, in 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping held a summit with Taiwan’s then-president Ma Ying-jeou, an event still seen as the high-water mark of cross-strait relations.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): 金門縣總面積151平方公里，除大金門本島外，尚包括小金門、大膽、二膽、東碇、北碇等17個島嶼。西距廈門外港約10海浬，東距臺灣約150海浬，為一典型大陸型島嶼。 [The total area of Kinmen County is 151 square kilometers. In addition to the main island of Kinmen, the county also includes Xiaokinmen, Dadan, Erdan, Dongding and Beiding for a total of 17 islands. It is about 10 nautical miles away from the Port of Xiamen to the west and 150 nautical miles away from Taiwan to the east. It is a typical continental island.] - ^ "About Kinmen". Kinmen County Government. 8 December 2017. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. - ^ "金門的地理與歷史概說" [The overview of geography and history of Kinmen] (PDF). 第四章 金門的地理、歷史與總體經濟分析 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). National Taiwan Normal University: 131–134. 20 February 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-09): GREAT KINMEN ISLAND, Taiwan — From here, China feels palpably close. So does the memory of war. [...] Sitting outside his office, Xu marveled at the twist of history that turned his war-scarred island into the most pro-Beijing constituency in Taiwan. In many ways, Kinmen is a geographic and political outlier in Taiwan, a vibrant democracy that has generally voted to shift away from China's orbit. In other ways, it's a microcosm of Taiwan's existential and generational debates over China — and all the insoluble questions of politics and commerce, of culture and shared blood. [...] Since 2018, China has provided Kinmen with fresh drinking water through an undersea pipeline. Talks are underway for Kinmen to import two more crucial resources: electricity and natural gas. The Kinmen proposals have been applauded by Chinese leader Xi Jinping, who has made absorbing Taiwan and reclaiming all of imperial China's lost territory, including Taiwan, a centerpiece of his national rejuvenation project.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-26): Kinmen, a rocky archipelago in the Taiwan Strait with a main island and other islets, is less than 10 kilometres from the Chinese mainland and almost 200 kilometres from Taiwan’s main island. This proximity has infused Kinmen with a complex identity, one born of its past as a frontline battleground against invading Chinese Communist Party forces, and the contemporary close ties – culturally and economically – many Kinmenese residents have to the mainland. [...] Mark Harrison, a Taiwan expert from the University of Tasmania, says the military history of Kinmen as a place the PLA repeatedly failed to capture matters greatly to China. But while its proximity to the mainland makes it a vulnerable target, invading Kinmen would be an act of war that would demand a response from the US and its allies, and is not a step that Beijing would take lightly. [...] Kinmen is a political stronghold for the KMT, the largest of Taiwan’s opposition parties. At the peak of Cold War tensions in the1950s, when the KMT ruled Taiwan as a single-party state under Chiang Kai-shek’s leadership, more than 100,000 KMT troops were stationed on Kinmen to fight communist troops.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-01): Two weeks after two Chinese fishermen drowned while being chased by Taiwan’s coast guard, tensions remain high in the waters around Kinmen, a group of outlying islands controlled by Taiwan but nestled just a stone’s throw from the shores of China. [...] For much of the Cold War, Kinmen was the site of ferocious attacks by Mao’s Communist forces, which tried to seize control of the islands with multiple amphibious assaults and repeated shelling. By the time the bombardment faded in the late 1970s, an estimated 1 million artillery shells had struck Kinmen, which covers an area roughly the same size as New York’s Staten Island. [...] At the turn of the century, when tensions eased and relations between Beijing and Taipei briefly blossomed, both sides saw Kinmen as a potential conduit for peaceful exchange. In 2001, a ferry service was launched between Kinmen and Xiamen, the closest city on the Chinese coast.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): In the mid-20th century, Kinmen was on the front line of China's conflict with Taiwan. [...] Kinmen is roughly 1.8 miles from China, according to the Kinmen County Government — but more than 110 miles from the Taiwanese mainland. As a result, "business in Kinmen generally depends heavily on… links with mainland China," said local tour guide Chen Hua Sheng. Half-hour-long boat rides that connect the island with China are running again, but have been mostly filled with Taiwanese passengers since Chinese travelers weren't allowed to visit Kinmen.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-15): "Kinmen was still a well-manned fortress, but there was an optimism in the air, a feeling that better times were coming," says Li. [...] Although Taiwan and Kinmen have been part of the same territory since 1949, the experiences in both places have been markedly different, Shui points out. [...] Kinmen is also not without importance to Taiwan’s military. It is home to a string of surveillance stations that monitor activity in the surrounding sea.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-03): Kinmen Island is part of the wider Kinmen County, which is made up of several islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait between the mainland Chinese city of Xiamen and Taiwan’s main island. [...] Translated as "Golden Gate," Kinmen was under military administration for 43 years, between 1949 and 1992. As cross-strait relations improved, the broadcasts on the former military base ceased in the early 1990s. [...] "Kinmen has many stunning exotic attractions. There’s the eye-catching Shamei ‘Morocco’ Old Street, Kinmen’s version of Mont-Sant-Michel (Jiangongyu Islet) and the ‘mini Great Wall’ – the Fengshang Patrol Division Fort," says Ting.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-15): Kinmen 金門 (pronounced Jinmen, literal meaning "golden gate", formerly known as Quemoy) is an outlying island located near the People's Republic of China, but is controlled by the Republic of China on Taiwan. It has a large number of traditional Min style buildings and military sites that are open to tourists. Price levels are similar to Taiwan and thus high compared to mainland China, but admission to temples, museums and other sites is free. [...] Kinmen means "Golden Gate". It is considered as part of Fujian Province by both the PRC and ROC. Its status as a territory controlled by Taiwan is therefore somewhat complex, being part of the ROC on Taiwan, but not of Taiwan province. Kinmen has traditionally been a gateway from mainland China to Taiwan. It has been the basis of many Chinese emigrants and of Chen Chenggong's resistance to the Qing dynasty and military campaign to Taiwan to oust the Dutch.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-09-06): But this status quo is increasingly fragile, and there’s a sense in Kinmen that they are not included in any vision of a country called Taiwan – a fear which ensures a sense of distance from Taipei far eclipsing the already considerable physical gap. "Some people who want Taiwan to be isolated think Kinmen [is] not necessary," said Wu. "They think we do not belong to them." [...] "Kinmen used to be a battlefield," said Yvonne Yen, a professor at NQU’s Department of Business Administration. Residents "would rather have this place, a peaceful place." [...] "Kinmen should become a bridge of peace between Taiwan and Mainland China," said Chou Yang-sun, a professor of Chinese affairs at NQU. He insists that the New Three Links are "the best choice" to alleviate cross-strait tensions.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-08-17): The main island of Kinmen, along with a smaller "Little Kinmen", form the closest outpost of Taiwanese controlled territory to China, with just a few kilometres separating the two sides. [...] Local Kinmen resident Cai Tianding, a convenor of a military history enthusiast group, said his parents lived through a time when Kinmen was a hotly contested frontline. [...] Kinmen even opened trade links with China in the 2000s and has been strengthening its economic relations ever since.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-10): Taiwan's Kinmen Island lies just three kilometres from mainland China, putting it in the remarkable vanguard of escalating tensions between Beijing and Taipei [...] But Kinmen is more than just a geopolitical curiosity as conflict over Beijing’s claim to ownership of Taiwan heats up. It’s also where a horribly bloody battle ended the Chinese civil war and led to the birth of greater China’s only democracy. [...] Kinmen is home to multiple military museums and monuments, temples that commemorate the soldiers lost on both sides of the Guningtou battle and cavernous marine tunnels built to house boats in the event of Second World War bombing raids. A store sells knives and other objects made from spent 1950s artillery shells.
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-01): If China were to attack Taiwan, Kinmen could be an early focus for its People’s Liberation Army. Lying hundreds of miles from Taiwan’s capital Taipei – but just a few from the mainland Chinese city of Xiamen – it is acutely vulnerable to hostile action from the world’s largest military. Taiwan has just a few thousand troops stationed here. [...] Historically part of mainland China’s Fujian province, Kinmen has a distinct history from Taiwan’s main island. While Taiwan was heavily influenced by five decades of Japanese rule, between 1895 and the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Japanese did not reach Kinmen until 1937. "Kinmen is very close to mainland China, and we had lots of exchanges in the old days," said Huang Li-cheng, a 91-year-old shopkeeper. "We are not hostile to each other."
Claim: Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China (Kinmen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-09): Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), only 10 km (6.2 mi) east from the city of Xiamen in Fujian, located at the southeastern coast of the People's Republic of China, from which they are separated by Xiamen Bay. Kinmen is also located 187 km (116 mi) west from the closest shoreline of the island of Taiwan across the Taiwan Strait. [...] The People's Republic of China (PRC, China) claims Kinmen as part of its own Fujian Province and considers Wuqiu to be a separate territory of Fujian apart from Kinmen itself; conversely, the ROC claims the Dadeng Islands (Tateng) as part of Kinmen, even though the PRC has effectively transferred the jurisdiction of those islands to Xiamen. [...] In the controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has continuously claimed the territory of Kinmen County as part of its own Fujian Province, claiming the Kinmen Islands as a county of Quanzhou prefecture-level city.[90][91][22][92] The PRC claims the Wuqiu (Ockseu) Islands as part of Xiuyu District in Putian prefecture-level city.[93] Taiwan (Republic of China) claims the Dadeng (Tateng) Islands in Dadeng Subdistrict, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian as part of Kinmen County.[3][94][52]