copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: “Vitamin D3 is radiated sheep’s wool mixed with chloroform”, “Vitamin D3 IS RAT POISON !!”, “D levels are low because of lack of light and high vitamin A diets.” (Evan Torrens, 2024-05-24)
Evidence (2018-10-01): Vitamin D and Vitamin D from Ultraviolet-Irradiated Mushrooms (Review). [...] Widespread poor vitamin D status, a health risk for bone disease, increases the need for new food sources of vitamin D. Light-exposed edible mushrooms synthesize vitamin D(2). Bioavailability, safety, and efficacy of high levels of vitamin D(2) from mushrooms to support bone health was established in chronically fed growing rats. Poor vitamin D status from reduced sun exposure is made worse by limited access to vitamin D-containing foods. Exposing white button mushrooms to ultraviolet B (UVB) light markedly increases their vitamin D(2) content, creating a new food source of vitamin D. We used a growing rat model to determine safety, bioavailability, and efficacy in support of bone growth by vitamin D(2) from UVB-exposed mushrooms. We fed 150 weanling female rats one of five diets for 10 weeks, all formulated on AIN-93 G. Control diets contained no mushrooms either with or without vitamin D(3). Other diets contained 2.5% and 5.0% of UVB-exposed or -unexposed mushrooms. Safety of the high levels of vitamin D(2) from mushrooms was assessed by animal growth and by Von Kossa staining for soft tissue calcification. Bioavailability was determined from changes in circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2023-06-18): Official figures for breast cancer cases in 2022 aren’t yet available. However, there is no reason to believe that they will have almost doubled. This claim came from misinterpreting projections that were not comparable to years before 2022. The COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively studied, and there’s no reliable evidence that they increase cancer risk.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-03-13): In 2022, there were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer and 670 000 deaths globally. Breast cancer occurs in every country of the world in women at any age after puberty but with increasing rates in later life. Global estimates reveal striking inequities in the breast cancer burden according to human development. For instance, in countries with a very high Human Development Index (HDI), 1 in 12 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime and 1 in 71 women die of it. [...] Certain factors increase the risk of breast cancer including increasing age, obesity, harmful use of alcohol, family history of breast cancer, history of radiation exposure, reproductive history (such as age that menstrual periods began and age at first pregnancy), tobacco use and postmenopausal hormone therapy. Approximately half of breast cancers develop in women who have no identifiable breast cancer risk factor other than gender (female) and age (over 40 years).
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2022-08-01): Results: Over 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths from breast cancer occurred in 2020. Large geographic variation across countries and world regions exists, with incidence rates ranging from <40 per 100,000 females in some Asian and African countries, to over 80 per 100,000 in Australia/New Zealand, Northern America, and parts of Europe. Smaller geographical variation was observed for mortality; however, transitioning countries continue to carry a disproportionate share of breast cancer deaths relative to transitioned countries. By 2040, the burden from breast cancer is predicted to increase to over 3 million new cases and 1 million deaths every year because of population growth and ageing alone.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-10-05): The researchers, from the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the World Health Organization's (WHO's) International Agency for Research on Cancer, surveyed data from 50 countries to understand the trend. In 14 of these countries, the rising trend was only seen in younger adults, with older adult rates remaining stable. The results are the latest in a host of studies detailing a similar rise of a range of different cancers in the young. [...] While oncologists have typically thought of cancers in younger people as being primarily a consequence of heritable risk factors, such as the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in the case of breast cancer, more and more patients have no obvious genetic predisposition. O'Reilly says that in the majority of the young-onset cases she sees, there is no obvious genetic explanation, and when studied in the lab, the tumours carried by patients in their 20s, 30s or 40s appear to be more aggressive compared with a typical pancreatic cancer patient in their 70s.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2023-06-23): FULL CLAIM: "There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below."; "We’re never going to get the truth on the jab and its side effects." [...] The TikTok video focused on a table provided by the ACS that included the projected cases of female breast cancer for women under 45 in the U.S. However, the video didn’t explain that this was a projected figure rather than actual cancer cases. It went on to highlight that the figures produced by the ACS remained at approximately 26,500 cases each year between 2019-2021. [...] The risk of breast cancer rises sharply with age, so the number of cases is expected to increase significantly when older age groups are also included. Real-world national figures for 2022 aren’t yet available. However, the CDC reports that 99,131 women aged 45-49 were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2016 and 2020, an average of 19,826 per year. If a similar number were used in ACS’s projections, it would account for almost all of the difference caused by including this age group in the figures for their 2022 report.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Despite a continuous decline in the rate of breast cancer deaths in the United States, the incidence of the disease has increased, especially among younger ages, and significant racial disparities remain, according to a new American Cancer Society report. [...] The trend follows a pattern seen recently with other cancer types, such as colorectal cancer, in that more people are being diagnosed at younger ages than has traditionally been seen. [...] "They have uncovered worrisome trends especially regarding breast cancer in younger women," she wrote. "Environmental risks, lifestyle risks and genetic risk factors may be contributing to this rise."
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2023-05-27): Mubarik, S. et al. Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions of female breast cancer incidence, death, case fatality and DALYs in 21 world regions and globally, from 1990 to 2017: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. J Adv Res37, 185–196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.07.012 (2022). Li, Y. et al. Global Burden of Female Breast Cancer: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Incidence Trends From 1990 to 2019 and Forecasts for 2035. Front Oncol12, 891824, https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.891824 (2022). [...] Arshi, A. et al. Expression Analysis of MALAT1, GAS5, SRA, and NEAT1 lncRNAs in Breast Cancer Tissues from Young Women and Women over 45 Years of Age. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids12, 751–757, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2018.07.014 (2018).
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-10-08): There's a troubling rise in breast cancer in women under the age of 50, but there are things you can do to help lower your risk. A recent American Cancer Society report found breast cancer rates in this age group have increased 1.4% every year from 2012 to 2021. Since 2000, Asian American and Pacific Islander women of any age have seen the largest uptick, with a 2.5% to 2.7% increase per year. CBS News chief medical correspondent Dr. Jon LaPook says a lot of this rise is in the kinds of breast cancer fueled by estrogen.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Americans have benefited from huge leaps in breast cancer treatment over the last two decades, but diagnoses are becoming more common, especially among younger women, according to a report published Tuesday by the American Cancer Society. [...] The reason why more women younger than 50 are getting breast cancer is not clear, but Reid said it’s likely due to modifiable risk factors such as environmental exposures in food, air or water, rising rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyles — the same risk factors thought to be causing higher rates of colorectal cancer in younger people. [...] Compared to white women, Asian American and Pacific Islanders, American Indian and Alaska Natives, Black and Hispanic women are all more likely to develop breast cancer at a younger age, the report found. However, AAPI and Hispanic women have similar mortality rates to white women.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-08-17): Female breast cancer has been the leading cause of global cancer incidence in recent years, with an estimated number of new cases of 2.3 million in 2020 alone1. Male breast cancer accounts for around 1% of all diagnosed cases2, though incidence and survival trends are infrequently investigated given its rarity. Whilst the incidence of female breast cancer is stabilising or decreasing in certain age groups due to earlier detection and improved treatments3, male breast cancer has been increasing from the 1980s to 2000s at least in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US)4,5. [...] When examining incidence trends over time by age group, three key findings are highlighted. First is the increase in incidence over the study period for younger women (aged 18–29; and 30–39). Several possible explanations include: increasing awareness of breast symptoms leading to more women being diagnosed; but also risk factor exposures in early life such as earlier age of thelarche (pubertal phase of breast development) and menarche than previous decades22,23, leading to increased cumulative exposure to oestrogen; and increased use of hormonal contraceptives which pose an elevated risk for breast cancer24. Second, the decline in incidence for women aged 50–69 years from 2005 to 2019 may be a reflection of the success of screening programmes; and third, the decline from 2015 onwards for women aged 70–89 years coincides with the launch of the "Be Clear on Cancer" campaign aimed at women in this age group25.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Breast cancer: Cases rising among younger US women although deaths are dropping [...] Breast cancer cases among US women rose every year from 2012 to 2021, especially among women under 50. The number of deaths has, however, dropped by about 10% in the past decade, according to two reports by the American Cancer Society.12 The reports also note that black women have lower survival rates for all breast cancer types except localised disease. The society said that the increase in cases was "largely confined to localised stage and hormone receptor positive disease. A steeper increase in women younger than 50 (1.4% annually) v 50 and older (0.7%) overall was only significant among white women." The increase was even …
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-01-08): While some cancers have been declining in older people, various reports and studies have shown that cancer is on the rise in younger adults. One recent large study, published in The Lancet Public Health in July 2024, analyzed differences among adults born in the U.S. between 1920 and 1999, and found incidence rates rose in successively younger generations—particularly in Generation Xers and Millennials—in 17 of 34 cancer types, including breast, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. Mortality rates for several types of cancers increased as well. The study was led by the American Cancer Society (ACS). [...] The ACS annual report also showed continued increases in such common cancers as breast, prostate, and endometrial in young adults, as well as colorectal and cervical cancers. Colorectal cancer, while still overwhelmingly a disease that affects older people, is now the leading cause of cancer death in men younger than 50 and second in women in that age group. The numbers have been rising steadily in people 55 and younger since the mid-1990s, according to the ACS.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2023-07-18): "Something’s going on here … ’22 and ’23, there is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in younger ages of 45 and down below," states TikTok user James Bishop, a self-proclaimed "numbers guy" who identifies himself as a husband, father, musician, retired firefighter, paramedic and educator. But Bishop is wrong. The supposed "boom" in breast cancer is based on a comparison between projected case numbers in women under 45 a few years ago to later projected estimates for all women or those under 50. [...] For 2019 through 2021, Bishop correctly says that ACS projected about 26,500 new cases of breast cancer each year for women under 45. But for 2022, he misleadingly gives a projection — 47,550 — for women under 50. He does not make it clear that this number reflects a wider age range, instead claiming that the cases are "double."
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-01-02): Our findings of increased incidence rates among young US women are consistent with previous studies.13-15 Non-Hispanic Black women aged 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 years had the highest ASIR with a rising trend of ASIR and cohort and period effects. However, the incidence rate was highest among non-Hispanic White women aged 40 to 49 years. Similar to our findings, a study using SEER data that looked at trends over a shorter time period (from 2004 to 2013) found that breast cancer incidence was highest among non-Hispanic Black women, especially for women aged under 45 years.7 The differences in age-related breast cancer incidence rates between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White women, with a crossover occurring at age 40 years has been previously described16 and requires further studies to understand factors driving this phenomenon. Non-Hispanic Black women also had the highest incidence for advanced staged disease, which likely contributes to their higher mortality rates.17-19 Our findings suggest that breast cancer risk assessment should start at an early age in non-Hispanic Black women to determine whether targeted screening should be recommended earlier in non-Hispanic Black women at high-risk.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2017-09-18): Meanwhile heart conditions dominated as the leading cause of death for middle-to older-aged males from 1945 onwards. A similar trend was seen in females during this period, but at older ages; while younger to middle-aged females more frequently died of breast cancer. [...] Note: Figures do not include deaths to those whose usual residence is England or Wales and have died abroad, ie those serving and who died in the World Wars overseas. [...] Note: Rates for those under one year old are deaths per 1,000 live births, rates for other ages are deaths per 1,000 population.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-01-10): Dramatic rise in cancer in people under 50 [...] A study by researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital reveals that the incidence of early onset cancers — including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, liver, and pancreas — has dramatically increased around the world, with the rise beginning around 1990. In an effort to understand why many more people under 50 are being diagnosed with cancer, scientists conducted extensive analyses of available data, including information on early life exposures that might have contributed to the trend. Results are published in Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology. [...] In an extensive review, the team found that the early life "exposome," which encompasses an individual’s diet, lifestyle, weight, environmental exposures, and microbiome, has changed substantially in the last several decades. They hypothesize that factors like the Western diet and lifestyle may be contributing to the rise in early onset cancer. The team acknowledged that this increased incidence of certain cancer types is, in part, due to early detection through cancer screening programs. They couldn’t precisely measure what proportion of this growing prevalence could solely be attributed to screening and early detection. However, they noted that increased incidence of many of the 14 cancer types is unlikely due to enhanced screening alone.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-03-05): Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, with around 660 000 new cases in 2022. In the same year, about 94% of the 350 000 deaths caused by cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries. The highest rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality are in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Central America and South-East Asia. Regional differences in the cervical cancer burden are related to inequalities in access to vaccination, screening and treatment services, risk factors including HIV prevalence, and social and economic determinants such as sex, gender biases and poverty. Women living with HIV are 6 times more likely to develop cervical cancer compared to the general population, and an estimated 5% of all cervical cancer cases are attributable to HIV (1). Cervical cancer disproportionately affects younger women, and as a result, 20% of children who lose their mother to cancer do so due to cervical cancer (2). [...] Boosting public awareness, access to information and services are key to prevention and control across the life course. [...] As low- and middle-income countries scale-up cervical screening, more cases of invasive cervical cancer will be detected, especially in previously unscreened populations. Therefore, referral and cancer management strategies need to be implemented and expanded alongside prevention services.
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2024-08-01): Breast Cancer Facts & Stats 1 in 8 women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime. In 2024, an estimated 310,720 women and 2,800 men will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Chances are, you know at least one person who has been personally affected by breast cancer. [...] Breast cancer statistics by age [...] - The average age of U.S. women diagnosed with breast cancer is 62 years old.1 - Half of U.S. women who develop breast cancer are 62 years of age or younger when they are diagnosed.1 - About 9% of all new breast cancer cases in the U.S. are diagnosed in women younger than 45 years old.5 - Younger people, particularly those under age 35 at the time of their original breast cancer diagnosis, face a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence.6
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2014-11-01): Risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer in women under the age of 45 years - PMID: 19336554 - PMCID: PMC2754710 - DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1005 Risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer in women under the age of 45 years Little is known about the etiologic profile of triple-negative breast cancer (negative for estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor), a breast cancer subtype associated with high mortality and inadequate therapeutic options. We undertook this study to assess the risk for triple-negative breast cancer among women 45 years of age and younger in relation to demographic/lifestyle factors, reproductive history, and oral contraceptive use. Study participants were ascertained in two previous population-based, case-control studies. Eligible cases included all primary invasive breast cancers among women ages 20 to 45 years in the Seattle-Puget Sound area, diagnosed between January 1983 and December 1992, for whom complete data was obtained for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor status (n = 897; including n = 187 triple-negative breast cancer cases). Controls were age matched and ascertained via random digit dialing. Oral contraceptive use > or =1 year was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk for triple-negative breast cancer (95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.3) and no significantly increased risk for non-triple-negative breast cancer (P(heterogeneity) = 0.008).
Claim: “There is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.” (Social media users, 2023-06-18)
Evidence (2020-05-11): This rapid increase is especially puzzling because the rate of colorectal cancer has plummeted among older adults—largely due to regular colonoscopies and lower rates of smoking. [...] Some groups have been hit by the rising trend more than others. For instance, although people of all races can develop colorectal cancer at a young age, the spike has mostly been seen among Alaska Native, American Indian, and White people. [...] The United States isn’t the only country facing the alarming rise in early-onset colorectal cancer, noted Jeffrey K. Lee, M.D., of Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Similar trends have also been documented in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and some parts of Europe and Asia. In most of these places, the number of cases in younger adults started trending upward around 1995.