copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-28): Nagorno-Karabakh: Conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenians explained - Published [...] The territory is recognised internationally as part of Azerbaijan but large areas of it have been controlled by ethnic Armenians for three decades. [...] Under the deal, Nagorno-Karabakh remained part of Azerbaijan, but since then it has mostly been governed by a separatist, self-declared republic, run by ethnic Armenians and backed by the Armenian government.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-19): Fierce firefights and heavy shelling echo once again around the mountains of Nagorno-Karabakh, an isolated region at the very edge of Europe that has seen several major wars since the fall of the Soviet Union. On Tuesday, the South Caucasus nation of Azerbaijan announced its armed forces launched "local anti-terrorist activities" in Nagorno-Karabakh, which is inside Azerbaijan’s borders but is controlled as a breakaway state by its ethnic Armenian population. Now, with fighting raging and allegations of an impending "genocide" reaching fever pitch, all eyes are on the decades-old conflict that threatens to draw in some of the world’s leading military powers.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-12): Nagorno-Karabakh is part of Azerbaijan, but its population is majority Armenian. As the Soviet Union saw increasing tensions in its constituent republics in the 1980s, Nagorno-Karabakh voted to become part of Armenia - sparking a war that stopped with a ceasefire in 1994. Since then, Nagorno-Karabakh has remained part of Azerbaijan but is controlled by separatist ethnic Armenians backed by the Armenian government. Until recently, negotiations mediated by international powers had failed to deliver a peace agreement. [...] Modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan became part of the Soviet Union when it formed in the 1920s. Nagorno-Karabakh was an ethnic-majority Armenian region, but the Soviets gave control over the area to Azerbaijani authorities.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-19): Nagorno-Karabakh is a long-disputed enclave in Azerbaijan that had been primarily populated by ethnic Armenians and led by Armenian de-facto authorities since December 1991. On 19 September 2023 Azerbaijani armed forces launched a military operation in Nagorno-Karabakh under the pretense of "anti-terror measures" and regaining regional control of the territory. Over a 24-hour period Azerbaijani forces launched attacks using heavy artillery, drones and mortars, killing hundreds of people, including some civilians, and reportedly damaging civilian infrastructure. The escalation of hostilities ended on 20 September with a ceasefire that included provisions for the Armenian de-facto authorities in Nagorno-Karabakh to disband and disarm its local defense structures. [...] As Azerbaijan assumes control over Nagorno-Karabakh, it must fully comply with all its obligations under IHL and IHRL, including to respect and protect the rights of ethnic minorities within its territory and refrain from destroying cultural heritage. Any plans for reintegration must guarantee the security and human rights of the ethnic Armenian population, including through measures to ensure the right to safe return for those who have fled and a commitment to international rights monitoring.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-24): Azerbaijan’s blockade of a key route into the breakaway territory of Nagorno-Karabakh endangered the lives of thousands of people and, followed by a military offensive, forced most of the ethnic Armenians to flee the region. The government’s crackdown on freedom of expression intensified. Journalists, human rights defenders and activists were arrested in retaliation for their work. Peaceful protests were suppressed, and the work of media outlets and independent organizations remained unduly restricted. Women and girls continued to face gender-based harassment and violence. On 19 September, Azerbaijan launched a major military offensive to disarm and disband the de facto authorities in the breakaway territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. Within hours its forces had regained control over the whole region, and within a few days in September and October more than 100,000 people – almost all of Nagorno-Karabakh’s ethnic Armenian population – had fled to Armenia.1 Those displaced faced economic hardships and uncertainty as no significant progress had been made by Azerbaijan to ensure their right to return in safety and dignity by year’s end (see Armenia entry). [...] For nine months prior to the military offensive in September, Azerbaijan’s blockade of the Lachin corridor, a road connecting Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, caused critical shortages of basic necessities including food, medicines and fuel, and a humanitarian crisis in the breakaway region. In February, the International Court of Justice ordered "unimpeded movement" in both directions, but this was ignored. Azerbaijani authorities insisted that Nagorno-Karabakh be supplied from territory controlled by Azerbaijan or that supplies from Armenia be subjected to thorough inspections, which the Armenian side rejected.3
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-16): The two Caucasian countries have been contesting the Nagorno-Karabakh territory during the three decades since the Soviet Union collapsed. Yerevan has sought to bring international attention to the mountainous enclave since Baku took control in a military operation in September. [...] Azerbaijan’s armed forces recaptured the mountainous region in September after years of ethnic Armenian control, prompting most ethnic Armenians to flee to Armenia. [...] Azerbaijan says it has pledged to ensure all residents’ safety and security, regardless of national or ethnic origin, and that it has not forced ethnic Armenians to leave Karabakh.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-04): Key Points - Though the worst of the fighting ended in 1993, the conflict over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh remains stalemated. Both Azeris and Armenians claim absolute historic ownership of the region, located within the boundaries of Azerbaijan but populated largely by Armenians. The latest flare-up of this long-standing conflict occurred toward the end of the Soviet period, when the autonomous region of Nagorno-Karabakh petitioned to become part of Armenia. Serious fighting erupted in 1991, and in the following two years Armenian forces not only gained control of Nagorno-Karabakh but also occupied almost 20 percent of Azerbaijani territory. The leaders of the Nagorno-Karabakh region have declared independence, though this status has not been recognized by any state. The fighting between Azeris and Armenians left more than 15,000 dead. [...] The political elements of the plan, Aivazian said, would begin with a tripartite agreement among Armenia, Turkey, and Azerbaijan, each recognizing the territorial integrity of the others. Second, the currently self-proclaimed Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh would be renamed the Nagorno-Karabakh Armenian Republic (NKAR) and recognized by Armenia as a part of Azerbaijan. Relations between the NKAR and Azerbaijan would be established on a confederative or horizontal basis. Third, the United States, Russia, Armenia, and Azer baijan would sign an agreement recognizing Armenia as a guarantor of the NKAR’s security. (This is similar to the Moscow Agreement of 1921, which recognized Turkey and Russia as the guarantors of Nakhichevan.) Fourth, there would be no mention of the Armenian genocide in any of these documents.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-24): Nagorno-Karabakh, known as Artsakh by Armenians, is a landlocked mountainous area in the South Caucasus. [...] The territory is internationally recognised as part of oil-rich Azerbaijan, but its inhabitants are predominantly ethnic Armenians and have their own government, which has enjoyed close links to the government in neighbouring Armenia but has not been officially recognised by it or other United Nations member states. [...] Under the Soviet Union, Nagorno-Karabakh became an autonomous region within the republic of Azerbaijan.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-19): At least 200 people have been killed and over 400 others wounded in a military operation by Azerbaijan in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, according to an official in Armenian-controlled territory there. Azerbaijan’s defense ministry said Tuesday it had begun an "anti-terrorist" campaign in the region, an ethnic Armenian enclave that is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan and which has been the cause of two wars between the neighbors in the past three decades, most recently in 2020. [...] "The only way to achieve peace and stability in the region is the unconditional and complete withdrawal of the Armenian armed forces from the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan and the dissolution of the puppet regime," it said.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-23): The Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, which also called itself the Republic of Artsakh, enjoyed de facto independence from Azerbaijan after a 1994 cease-fire agreement that ended roughly two years of open warfare, though its independence was never recognized by any UN member states. The territory’s population consisted mostly of ethnic Armenians, and given its geographic and diplomatic isolation, it was dependent on close political and economic ties with Armenia. In 2023, the local government announced its dissolution following a military operation led by Azerbaijani authorities that resulted in the mass departure of the ethnic Armenian population. The Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, which also called itself the Republic of Artsakh, enjoyed de facto independence from Azerbaijan after a 1994 cease-fire agreement that ended roughly two years of open warfare, though its independence was never recognized by any UN member states. The territory’s population consisted mostly of ethnic Armenians, and given its geographic and diplomatic isolation, it was dependent on close political and economic ties with Armenia. In 2023, the local government announced its dissolution following a military operation led by Azerbaijani authorities that resulted in the mass departure of the ethnic Armenian population. At year’s end, bilateral peace talks between the Armenian and Azerbaijani governments were ongoing, and the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh remained largely depopulated. [...] News Releases & Media Coverage
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-15): "Azerbaijan is putting a stamp on the territory as a way to legitimise the conquest of Nagorno-Karabakh and doing so under the pretence of helping fight climate change," she told Climate Home. [...] Territorial disputes over the Nagorno-Karabakh region have a long and complex history. [...] Now in full control of Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan is doubling down on its efforts to reshape the region and move tens of thousands of Azeris there. "We will continue the ‘Great Return’ campaign until all those who were forced from their homes can go home," the COP29 spokesperson said, referring to internally displaced Azeris.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-24): Bottom Line Up Front - Azerbaijani troops launched an attack to secure control of Nagorno-Karabakh, a territory inside Azerbaijan but inhabited and run mostly by ethnic Armenians, which has been fought over by Armenia and Azerbaijan since the Soviet Union collapsed. [...] On September 19, Azerbaijan began a military operation, including air strikes on military targets manned by ethnic Armenian separatists, to seize full control of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan and Armenia have feuded over Karabakh, which is inhabited by an estimated 120,000 ethnic Armenians who constitute 95% of the population and run a self-declared autonomous administration. The enclave is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The operation was intended to complete Baku’s goal of reversing its defeat in the first post-Soviet war over Karabakh in which Armenia forces, by 1994, seized control of not only the Karabakh territory itself but also most of its surrounding districts. Retrained and re-armed with weapons from Türkiye, including the sophisticated Bayraktar (TB-2) armed drones, Azerbaijan’s forces recaptured the districts surrounding Karabakh in 2020, and maintained those gains under a ceasefire brokered by Russia and monitored by a contingent of 2,000 Russian peacekeeping troops.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-01-01): The Security Council, Reaffirming its resolutions 822 (1993) of 30 April 1993, 853 (1993) of 29 July 1993 and 874 (1993) of 14 October 1993, Reaffirming its full support for the peace process being pursued within the framework of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), and for the tireless efforts of the CSCE Minsk Group, Taking note of the letter dated 9 November 1993 from the Chairman-in-Office of the Minsk Conference on Nagorny Karabakh addressed to the President of the Security Council and its enclosures (S/26718, annex), Expressing its serious concern that a continuation of the conflict in and around the Nagorny Karabakh region of the Azerbaijani Republic, and of the tensions between the Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijani Republic, would endanger peace and security in the region, Noting with alarm the escalation in armed hostilities as consequence of the violations of the cease-fire and excesses in the use of force in response to those violations, in particular the occupation of the Zangelan district and the city of Goradiz in the Azerbaijani Republic, Reaffirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Azerbaijani Republic and of all other States in the region, Reaffirming also the inviolability of
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Nagorno-Karabakh, region of southwestern Azerbaijan. The name is also used to refer to an autonomous oblast (province) of the former Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (S.S.R.) and to the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, a self-declared country whose independence is not internationally recognized. The old autonomous region occupied an area of about 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km), while the forces of the self-proclaimed Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh occupied some 2,700 square miles (7,000 square km). The general region includes the northeastern flank of the Karabakh Range of the Lesser Caucasus and extends from the crest line of the range to the margin of the Kura River lowland at its foot. Nagorno-Karabakh’s environments vary from steppe on the Kura lowland through dense forest of oak, hornbeam, and beech on the lower mountain slopes to birchwood and alpine meadows higher up. The peaks of the Karabakh Range culminate in Mount Gyamysh (12,218 feet [3,724 meters]). Vineyards, orchards, and mulberry groves for silkworms are intensively developed in the valleys of Nagorno-Karabakh. Cereal grains are grown, and cattle, sheep, and pigs are kept. The region has some light industry and many food-processing plants. Xankändi (formerly Stepanakert) is the chief industrial center.
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-21): His country had been warning about Armenia’s looming military adventure for several weeks, he continued. Further describing Armenia’s actions, he said the counter-terror measures were limited and proportionate to the threat posed to his country and its citizens. They were exclusively aimed at neutralizing legitimate military targets within Azerbaijan’s sovereign territory, and thus align with its right to self-defence enshrined in the Charter, he added. Despite Armenia’s destructive position, his country remains ready for a genuine dialogue and negotiations, he said, voicing hope that its efforts will finally be reciprocated. He also reaffirmed his country’s determination to guarantee to ethnic Armenian residents of the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan all rights and freedoms in line with its Constitution and relevant international human rights instruments. [...] After three years of suffering, Azerbaijan was left with no choice but to take measures it deemed necessary for its own security and launched its counter-terrorism operation against the illegal military formation in Karabakh, he continued. Echoing President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in his statement to the General Assembly earlier this week, he said: "We expect Armenia to fulfil its promises... Karabakh is Azerbaijani territory; the imposition of a status other than that will never be accepted." He urged Armenia and other interested parties "not to waste this latest opportunity, not to repeat the previous and recent mistakes, and to act with the prospect to live as peaceful and prosperous South Caucuses for future generations".
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-12): The Air and Missile War in Nagorno-Karabakh: Lessons for the Future of Strike and Defense The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region included the heavy use of missiles, drones, and rocket artillery. The fighting, which began in late September, concluded on November 10 through a Moscow-brokered truce that resulted in the deployment of some 2,000 Russian peacekeepers and significant Armenian territorial concessions. Azerbaijan was the clear military victor, with both Russia and Turkey also benefiting politically from the war’s outcome. [...] Sources: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Ministry of Defence of Azerbaijan
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): Until September 2020 the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh and seven surrounding territories were under Armenian control. Following armed hostilities in the fall of 2020 and fall of 2023, Azerbaijan took control of these seven territories and Nagorno-Karabakh. Further military activity could occur in the region. Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Azerbaijan. [...] Nagorno-Karabakh – Level 4: Do Not Travel
Claim: Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh region, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-16): "The Azerbaijani authorities have internationally recognized sovereignty over these territories and exercise control over the territory from which the blockade is being carried out. It is Azerbaijan’s obligation to undertake to ensure that the population in Nagorno-Karabakh is not denied access to food and other essential goods and medications. For its part, the Russian peacekeeping mission is mandated to ensure the safety of the Lachin corridor. However, both parties are manifestly failing to fulfil their obligations." [...] Amnesty International has conducted 16 phone interviews with de-facto officials, healthcare professionals and residents, including older persons and people with disabilities, of Nagorno-Karabakh, a breakaway region of Azerbaijan inhabited mostly by ethnic Armenians that proclaimed its independence as the Republic of Artsakh in 1991. In September 2020, a full-scale war broke out between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, during which both sides committed violations of international humanitarian law, including war crimes. Following a 10 November 2020 tripartite agreement backed by Russia, Azerbaijan regained control over large parts of the self-proclaimed republic, successfully cutting its ties with Armenia. According to the terms of the ceasefire agreement, the so-called Lachin corridor remained the only road connecting Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia, the security of which was to be provided by the Russian peacekeeping contingent.
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of France (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-17): Europa Island (French: Île Europa, pronounced [il øʁɔpa]), in Malagasy Nosy Ampela[1] is a 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family of Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897, though it is claimed by Madagascar. [...] Europa Island was the setting of "Search in the Deep", a 1968 episode of The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau,[2] partly focusing on the breeding habits of the green sea turtle. [...] External links [edit]- Media related to Europa Island (category) at Wikimedia Commons - Mozambique Channel - Indian Ocean atolls of France - Atolls of Madagascar - Uninhabited islands of France - Uninhabited islands of Madagascar - Disputed islands of Africa - Territorial disputes of France - Territorial disputes of Madagascar - Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands - Important Bird Areas of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean - France–Madagascar relations - Ramsar sites in France - Seabird colonies
Claim: Europa Island is a territory of France (Europa Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-06-08): Guadeloupe is an island territory located in the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean. It is situated to the north of the independent country of Dominica, and to the south of the British overseas territory of Montserrat. Guadeloupe is an archipelago of six islands, the largest of which are the two islands of Grand Terre and Basse Terre. The total land area of the French territory is 1,628 km2, and its population is approximately 400,000. Guadeloupe is now classified as one of the five overseas regions and departments of France, which means that it is treated as part of France itself. Thus, it is part of the European Union and uses the Euro as its currency. Guadeloupe also has four representatives in the French National Assembly. [...] The French Southern and Antarctic Lands consist of islands far scattered around the southern Indian Ocean. Some of these islands are located around Madagascar, while others are found farther south, relatively close to Antarctica. These islands have no permanent inhabitants. They do, however, host some personnel working at scientific and meteorological stations. There is also a small French military garrison stationed in the Iles Éparses (Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island).