copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Prevlaka military bike tour The Prevlaka peninsula is the southernmost part of the Croatian territory, located a 45-minute drive from Dubrovnik at the edge of the Konavle countryside and the Montenegrin border. Through the centuries and under the rule of different countries, this peninsula has held a very strategic position -from the Austro-Hungarian Empire period, the period of the old Yugoslavia and during the period of communism, when it was a border between the eastern block and NATO. Even today, this area, which is the last point of the Croatian territory, is located at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor and Montenegro. [...] Today, Prevlaka is a secret tourist attraction, a bounded, demilitarized zone, where the locals, mostly from the nearby villages of Vitaljina and Molunat, go fishing, swimming, hiking or olive-picking. Still preserved in time and not used for commercial purposes, this military complex with its 19th-century Austrian fortress Punta Oštro, bunkers and a picturesque bay, makes this place worth a visit and an ideal escape from the Dubrovnik crowds.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-21): United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) was established on 15 January 1996 in Security Council Resolution 1038[1] as a peacekeeping mission to monitor the demilitarization of the disputed Prevlaka peninsula by carrying out daily foot and vehicle patrols on both sides of the border between Croatia and Yugoslavia (specifically, its federal unit Montenegro). [...] - ^ "UNMOP: United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka - Facts and Figures".
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-27): Prevlaka island also known as Ostrvo Cvijeća the Island of flowers is located near the town of Tivat, in the Boka Kotorska. The island is 300 meter long and 200 meter wide. It is connected with mainland by a narrow isthmus. The island was the residence of the metropolitan of Zeta’s diocese from 13th to the 15th century. [...] Prevlaka island is not to be confused with Prevlaka peninsula, also located in the Boka Kotorska, but belonging to Croatia. On Prevlaka island, there is also a famous Monastery of the Archangel Michael, which is undergoing a restoration. Today’s monastery sits on nearly the same location which occupied the previous one which was destroyed by Venetian Republic in 1441, after it was proclaimed to be off limits due to the rumors of a plague breakout.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-18): The Island of Flowers (Montenegrin: Ostrvo cvijeća/Острво цвијећа), also known as Miholjska Prevlaka (Montenegrin: Михољска превлака, romanized: Miholjska prevlaka), or Island of St. Archangel Michael (Montenegrin: Острво Свети Михаило, romanized: Ostrvo Sveti Mihailo), is an island in the Tivat municipality in the Bay of Kotor, on the Montenegrin Littoral. It has population of 100 people. The Island of Flowers is located near the town of Tivat, in the Bay of Kotor. The island is 300 m long and 200 m wide. It is connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus. Today, the island is inhabited by about a hundred people, mainly living in bungalows. [...] History [edit]In the Middle Ages the two adjacent islands, Island of Flowers and Sveti Marko Island, were named islands of Sveti Mihailo and Sveti Gavrilo respectively, after the two holy archangels. After the Montenegrin littoral became part of the Venetian Republic, both islands were renamed. Sveti Mihailo Island became Miholjska Prevlaka, while Sveti Gavrilo Island island became first named Stradioti, then Sveti Marko Island. [...] See also [edit]- Sveti Marko Island - Prevlaka Peninsula, also located in the Bay of Kotor, bordering Croatia
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-12-15): Prevlaka is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro on the eastern Adriatic coast. [...] North of the Prevlaka isthmus, just within the Bay of Kotor, lie the two less prominent capes Konfin and Kobila, to the northwest of which is a road border crossing between Croatia and Montenegro. [...] An agreement was signed by both sides five days before the departure of the UNMOP that demilitarized Prevlaka and effectively made it a neutral territory, though implementation still has a temporary character.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-04-01): The Imperial Lavra of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel, in Prevlaka, was for centuries the seat of the Montenegro Metropolitanate. Although destroyed in the 15th century and partly rebuilt in the 19th century, it has to the present day, not lost its significance for spirituality and culture for the Orthodox residents of the Bay of Kotor and Montenegro. Prevlaka is also the place where the famous Ilovička krmčija was created – a copy of St. Sava’s rule of law in 1262. Prevlaka has been known as a major center since the Roman and Byzantine times; before the establishment of the St. Sava’s Zeta bishopric and the construction of the temple by Stefan Prvovjenčani, it was a significant Benedictine spiritual center, which St. Sava and Zeta’s bishops renewed and gave a universal meaning to. The Kings and emperors came to this place, starting from St. Jovan Vladimir, and the Vojisavljević, Nemanjić, Balšić, Crnojević rulers and metropolitan masters of Montenegro, Petrović. On Prevlaka and the neighboring island of St. Mark, there were numerous temples and other buildings such as metropolitan buildings, some of which are visible to this day, as well as numerous ancient wells, salt pans in a nearby field and other archaeological sites. This place is a kind of symbiosis of East and West, one of the most important, not only on the coast but in the whole of Montenegro.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Prevlaka is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the eastern Adriatic coast. Because of its strategic location in the southern Adriatic, in the aftermath of the SFR Yugoslav breakup, the peninsula became subject to a territorial dispute between Croatia and FR Yugoslavia, a federal state that included Montenegro. The territory was functional under UN until 2002. The UN mission ended in December 2002 and the territory that had previously been part of SR Croatia was returned to the Republic of Croatia. An agreement was signed by both sides five days before the departure of the UNMOP that demilitarized Prevlaka and effectively made it a neutral territory, though implementation still has a temporary character.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Prevlaka Island (Flower Island) (Prevlaka) description and photos - Montenegro: Tivat. Detailed information about the attraction. Description, photographs and a map showing the nearest significant objects. The title in English is Prevlaka. [...] Prevlaka is located in the Tivat Bay. There is an airport nearby, to which there is a road through a specially built bridge. The island is small in size: 300x200 m. [...] Topic: Prevlaka Island (Flower Island) (Prevlaka) description and photos - Montenegro: Tivat.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-08): BBC: Prevlaka, the stumbling peninsula of Croatia and Montenegro [...] From Prevlaka I go deeper into the mainland, the eastern part of which belongs to Montenegro, and the western part to Croatia, where Vitaljina is located. [...] He believes that Montenegro claims Prevlaka because Cape Oštro was under the jurisdiction of Boka Kotorska, before the construction of the fortresses 170 years ago.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): • CRCICA: Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration • ICC: International Chamber of Commerce (International Court of Arbitration)
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-11-05): Milanović actualized the dispute over Prevlaka by claiming that Montenegro has designated areas for oil and gas exploration that Croatia considers its own, while the Montenegrin government claims that they did not violate the Protocol on the Provisional Regime in Prevlaka from 2002 214 views42 comment(s) [...] Milanović updated the dispute over Prevlaka by claiming that Montenegro has designated areas for oil and gas exploration that Croatia considers its own, while the Montenegrin government claims that they did not violate the Protocol on the Provisional Regime on Prevlaka from 2002. [...] Professor Ivana Jelić claims that Montenegro did not call for tenders or make blocks available that would entail any international responsibility, while Croatia did so with its tenders. Official of the DF, Milutin Đukanović, believes that regarding the issue of Prevlaka, the Government renounces sovereignty over part of the territory in advance.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged disruption of the claimant’s hydrocarbon exploration activities in the offshore area of Prevlaka in Montenegro. [...] http://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/opet-arbitraza-protiv-drzave-zbog-istrazivanja-nafte-iz-2000-864715 http://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/o-medusi-odluka-2017-891585 https://www.iareporter.com/articles/veeder-chaired-tribunal-declines-jurisdiction-over-unusual-claim-where-investor-sought-to-use-mfn-domestic-law-and-unilateral-declarations-of-state-to-circumvent-unratified-bit/ (requires subscription)
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): A turning point in the fortunes of Montenegro came when Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire in 1876. (See Serbo-Turkish War.) Montenegro, under Prince Nikola Petrović (Nicholas I), joined Serbia immediately and Russia the following year. Although the territorial gains awarded to Montenegro by the initial Treaty of San Stefano were reduced at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, the state virtually doubled in area, and for the first time its borders were set down, however vaguely, in an international treaty. Most significantly, Montenegro secured vital access to the sea at Antivari (modern Bar) and Dulcigno (Ulcinj). Although the hostility of the other great powers to a Russian naval presence in the Mediterranean tended to restrict the use of these ports, Montenegro was now far more open to communication with the developing industrial economies of western Europe. Trade expanded, tobacco and vines were cultivated, a state bank was founded, motor roads were built, a postal service was initiated, and in 1908 the first railway (from Antivari to Virpazar on Lake Scutari) was opened. The majority of the investment was by foreign (especially Italian) interests.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): After Croatia’s declaration of independence in 1991 and rejection of the authority of the newly proclaimed Croatian State by the sizeable ethnic Serb minority in Croatia, a civil war broke out. . Following conclusion of the "Basic Agreement on the Region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium" between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the local Croatian Serb authorities in 1995, the Council continued to be involved in reintegrating the break away regions peacefully into Croatia’s legal and constitutional system, resolving territorial disputes in Prevlaka and supporting the peace process. (The Council’s involvement during 1989-1992 is covered under "Items relating to the situation in the former Yugoslavia".) [...] United Nation Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-08): "As you know, we still have outstanding issues with Croatia on the Prevlaka Peninsula, but I cannot consider this as a controversial issue and especially cannot consider it as an issue that impacts security, because we are working with Croatia on how to overcome this," he said.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina: the two countries signed a border agreement in August 2015; sovereignty of the disputed Sutorina territory was given to Montenegro Montenegro-Croatia: the two countries in 2002 reached a temporary agreement designating the Prevlaka Peninsula as part of Croatia, in October 2020, a Montenegrin official resurrected the dormant dispute over the Prevlaka Peninsula by stating that Montenegro had a good chance of winning it through international arbitration
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-16): Eight border disputes in the Balkans - Piran Bay, a sea border between Slovenia and Croatia - The Prevlaka peninsula, contested by Croatia and Montenegro - Kosovo’s border with Serbia, which still claims the state as its own territory - Backa Palanka, near an area claimed by both Croatia and Serbia - Three contested sites on the Bosnian-Serbian border - The Prohor Pcinjski Monastery claimed by both Serbia and Macedonia - Neum, a Bosnian port on the Adriatic Sea with areas contested by Croatia - The maritime border between Albania and Greece [...] On its border with Montenegro, also a NATO member, Croatia faces a dispute over the Prevlaka peninsula, in the Adriatic Sea. In practice, under a 2002 interim regime with a land border in Konfin, the disputed land is Croatian and the sea a "mixed zone." It is unlikely that the Montenegro-Croatia dispute will harm bilateral relations between the two countries.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-07): The longstanding controversy between the SOC and the government over the "metal church" at the top of Mt. Rumija, which the SOC built without state approval on a site that observers said was of importance to Orthodox, Catholics, and Muslims, and the SOC’s reconstruction, also without state approval, of the baptistry in the Monastery of Holy Archangel Michael on Prevlaka Island outside Tivat remain unresolved. On June 6, local media reported that the municipal council in Pljevlja, with government approval, had decided to sell property that included a mill the SOC said belonged to the Monastery of the Holy Trinity. Opposition political parties challenged the sale, and SOC Bishop Atanasije of Milesevo threatened legal action if the sale went forward, stating that registration of the mill as a property of the municipality was illegal. The property continued to be available for purchase to the highest bidder but had not yet sold at year’s end. The SOC said it was gathering documentation attesting to its ownership of the mill. The SOC and opposition parties called the attempted sale a pilot project for the confiscation of SOC property under the religious freedom law.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1995-01-01): FUNCTION: Established on 31 March 1995 to replace UNPROFOR in Croatia. The troops and observers were deployed in Serb-controlled Western Slavonia, the Krajina region and Eastern Slavonia. Observers were also stationed in the Prevlaka peninsula. The new mandate included: (a) performing the functions envisaged in the cease-fire agreement of 29 March 1994; (b) facilitating implementation of the economic agreement of 2 December 1994; (c) facilitating implementation of all relevant Security Council resolutions; (d) assisting in controlling, by monitoring and reporting, the crossing of military personnel, equipment, supplies and weapons, over the international borders between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) at the border crossings; (e) facilitating the delivery of international humanitarian assistance to Bosnia and Herzegovina through the territory of Croatia; and (f) monitoring the demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1995-01-01): The third enlargement of UNPROFOR's mandate in Croatia came about on 6 October 1992, when the Security Council adopted its resolution 779 (1992), authorizing UNPROFOR to assume responsibility for monitoring of the demilitarization of the Prevlaka Peninsula near Dubrovnik. By the same resolution, the Council approved the Secretary-General's action to ensure the control by UNPROFOR of the vitally important Peruca dam, situated in one of the "pink zones" in Croatia. [...] In analysing the situation in Croatia, the Secretary-General described UNPROFOR's experience there as a mixed one. Its principal success had been in ensuring the complete withdrawal of the JNA from the territory of Croatia, including the Prevlaka
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2002-12-15): U.N. peacekeepers take down the U.N. flag for the last time during the handover ceremony at southern Adriatic peninsula of Prevlaka, near ancient city of Dubrovnik, December 15, 2002. After the ceremony Croatia assumed its sovereignty over Prevlaka for the first time in the past 12 years. REUTERS/Nikola Solic [...] The U.N. recognized Prevlaka as a part of Croatia, but kept its monitors there before the two countries reached an agreement. The U.N. Security Council decided in October to disband the mission by Dec. 15, and the two countries subsequently agreed that Prevlaka remain Croatian territory, while Montenegro got control of the waters.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-10): PMQs - PM Krivokapić: Open issue of Prevlaka cannot be an obstacle for Montenegro's further progress towards EU membership ʺIn your question, you stated that Montenegro signed an interim demarcation agreement with Croatia in 2002. Not only for terminological, but also for essential reasons, it is necessary to specify that the exact name of that agreement is 'Protocol on the Interim Regime along the Southern Border' which was signed by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with the participation of representatives of the then Republic of Montenegro. Insisting on the colloquial term "interim agreement" suggests the temporary nature of the agreement, although the final provisions of the Protocol clearly show that it is an interim regime along the southern border, a regime whose duration is not limited by the deadlines in the Protocol itself, but on the contrary a provision stating that the regime will be valid 'until the parties agree otherwise'ʺ, said Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapić, answering the question of Danijela Đurović from the MP Group of the Socialist People’s Party of Montenegro.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-08-04): For the Future of Montenegro or ZBCG [Zdravko KRIVOKAPIC] (electoral coalition includes SNP and 2 alliances - DF, NP) [...] Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina: the two countries signed a border agreement in August 2015; sovereignty of the disputed Sutorina territory was given to Montenegro Montenegro-Croatia: the two countries in 2002 reached a temporary agreement designating the Prevlaka Peninsula as part of Croatia, in October 2020, a Montenegrin official resurrected the dormant dispute over the Prevlaka Peninsula by stating that Montenegro had a good chance of winning it through international arbitration
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Croatia (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-11): Prevlaka (Croatian pronunciation: [prɛ̂ʋlaka]) is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the eastern Adriatic coast. [...] In 1918, after the end of World War I and collapse of Austria-Hungary, Prevlaka became part of the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. By 1922, once the new state determined its internal administrative subdivisions, dividing its territory into 33 oblasts, the peninsula got included in kingdom's Dubrovnik Oblast. In 1929, as Kingdom of SCS transformed into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia along with its internal administrative subdivisions being reconfigured into 9 banovinas, Prevlaka was included into Zeta Banovina together with Dubrovnik. During the 1930s, Royal Yugoslav Army further fortified Prevlaka.[2] In 1939, the area was assigned to the newly created Banovina of Croatia subdivision of the Yugoslav kingdom.[4] [...] As World War II dragged on, in summer 1943, in response to the Allied advances in their Italian campaign, Nazi Germany took over the administration of the Bay of Kotor including Prevlaka.[4] On 22 December 1944, the Yugoslav Partisans took control of the region, and after the war Prevlaka became part of the newly proclaimed FPR Yugoslavia, specifically its constituent unit the People's Republic of Croatia.[4]
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Croatia (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-20): Works have begun in the extreme south of Dalmatia, just before the Montenegrin border. Prevlaka fortress, the renovation works on which have been being awaited for some considerable time now, have finally started. Prevlaka fortress, which sadly sat neglected and delapidated for years, will be renovated and eventually turned into no less than a naval museum. [...] "It’s clear that 2019 will be the same as it has been throughout many past years for the Society of Friends of Dubrovnik Antiquities, fruitful and careful attention due to the wish to preserve our heritage for generations to come," said Niko Kapetanić, President of the aforementioned Dubrovnik-based society, who expressed his satisfaction at the start of the works on the reconstruction of Prevlaka fortress, located at the southernmost point of Croatia, almost right on the border with Montenegro, and from which the coastline of Montenegro can be seen. To briefly recall, this area of extreme southern Dalmatia was under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Croatia until quite recently, and the state left Prevlaka fortress in the hands of Croatia’s southernmost municipality, the Municipality of Konavle. Together with the Society of Friends of Dubrovnik Antiquities, the municipality will eventually open a museum dedicated to the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the fortress, with special emphasis placed on the Croatian component.
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Croatia (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-19): This spot to wild camp located in Prevlaka is a real diamond in the rough. This small peninsula may be somewhat unassuming now, but, boy oh boy did it have a tumultuous past. This peninsula was particularly sought after due to its great defensive positioning, at the entry point of the bay of Kotor. Surprisingly, Prevlaka was only officially announced as part of the Republic of Croatia in 2002, after ongoing disputes, including the Yugoslav Wars. To learn more about the fascinating history of Prevlaka, click here. [...] Location 20218, Vitaljina, Prevlaka, Croatia 42.39318, 18.53285 [...] Location 20218, Vitaljina, Prevlaka, Croatia 42.40616, 18.51138
Claim: Prevlaka is a territory of Croatia (Prevlaka, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-18): Prevlaka je poluotok u Hrvatskoj na ulazu u Boku kotorsku u južnoj Dalmaciji. Nalazi se u jugoistočnome dijelu Konavala uz mjesto Vitaljinu za čiji je morski greben vezana 170 metara širokom i 3 do 4 metara (nadmorske visine) visokom kopnenom spojnicom koja se također naziva Prevlaka. Najviša točka te spojnice je 8,2 metara. [...] Zemljopisna posebnost Prevlake je u tome što je ona dio Bokokotorskog zaljeva, jedinstvenog fjordovskog fenomena. Kao uska i izdužena kopnena prepreka, Prevlaka zatvara zapadnu stranu ulaza u zaljev pružajući mu zaštitu od najezde visokih valova s otvorene pučine Jadrana. [...] Rječju prevlaka uobičajeno se označava uzak kopneni pojas koji spaja dva kontinenta ili otok s kopnom, a čijim probijanjem nastaju prijevozno važni kanali. To u ovome slučaju nije od značaja.