copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Rapper Notorious B.I.G predicted Covid-19 pandemic in 1994 (Viral video, 2023-03-13)
Evidence (2023-04-10): Did Biggie Smalls predict the COVID-19 pandemic in his 1994 song lyrics? No, that's not true: The rapper, real name Christopher Wallace, did not write about the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak decades before it occurred. The video claiming to show the Notorious B.I.G. singing about COVID uses altered lyrics to his song "Juicy." He never mentioned COVID or the word "pandemic" in the song released on his 1994 debut album "Ready to Die." [...] The video posted on Instagram shows the text "Biggie Smalls predicted COVID-19 in 1994," with a crying emoji. The sound, while footage from a Biggie video rolls, says, "It was all a dream I used to read Word Up! magazine. There will be a global pandemic in 2019," with the last part altered to add the "global pandemic" reference. The video uses footage from Biggie's real "Juicy" video, as seen on YouTube beginning at :21: [...] Lead Stories has debunked claims of pop culture predicting the coronavirus pandemic here, here and here.
Claim: Rapper Notorious B.I.G predicted Covid-19 pandemic in 1994 (Viral video, 2023-03-13)
Evidence (2021-07-02): Rapper’s 2013 track which ‘predicted’ 2020 Covid pandemic goes viral on TikTok ‘2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking,’ rapped Dr Creep eight years ago A 2013 track by rapper Dr Creep has gone viral on TikTok due to lyrics which listeners claim "predicted" the Covid pandemic. [...] When he first wrote the lyrics "2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking", there were already multiple coronaviruses in existence, and the virus type was being discussed in the press at the time.
Claim: Rapper Notorious B.I.G predicted Covid-19 pandemic in 1994 (Viral video, 2023-03-13)
Evidence (2024-09-27): - Nostradamus (1994) depicts Nostradamus's rise in influence, because of both his success in treating plague and his predictions, culminating in his appointment as court physician to Charles IX of France (son of Henry II of France). [...] - ^ But compare Clébert, Jean-Paul (2003). Prophéties de Nostradamus.
Claim: Rapper Notorious B.I.G predicted Covid-19 pandemic in 1994 (Viral video, 2023-03-13)
Evidence (2020-08-12): BW: Just look at the largely white nationalist forces that have hijacked what began as small-business protests about state efforts to enact social-distancing policies, in an effort to minimize the impact of the COVID surge. [...] BW: There definitely needs to be attention to those who are at higher risk for contracting and dying from COVID-19, and to those communities whose residents don’t have a choice about going back to work. It’s really a matter of whether people are forced to be at risk, or are allowed to be agents of their own risk and that of their loved ones. Are we going to make re-opening businesses opt-in? [...] AG: Scholars and doctors aren’t the only ones talking about how to protect ourselves from this virus. I just discovered a pretty awesome rap video about COVID-19 from Y’en a Marre, a group from Senegal (here). Any thoughts?
Claim: Rapper Notorious B.I.G predicted Covid-19 pandemic in 1994 (Viral video, 2023-03-13)
Evidence (2023-03-21): Biomarkers of renal injury as early predictors of COVID-19 associated AKI: a prospective observational trial (BRICOAKI-trial)
Claim: Rapper Notorious B.I.G predicted Covid-19 pandemic in 1994 (Viral video, 2023-03-13)
Evidence (2022-04-28): Of course, the music of 1994 reflected this insanity. Things were all over the place. Alternative music was running out of steam at this point and beginning to mutate in many different directions. Also, hip hop was coming out of its gangsta rap and jazz-influenced stage and moving into the era of the East Coast versus the West Coast. From the time that N.W.A burst onto the scene in the late-Eighties, rap was dominated by the sounds emanating from the West Coast thanks to Dr. Dre and the whole Death Row crew put together by Suge Knight. Yet, back on the East Coast, particularly in New York City where the whole phenomenon started, Bad Boy Records and its founder/producer/impresario Sean "Puff Daddy" (or is it "Puff," "P Diddy," "Diddy," whatever!) Coombs picked up the reigns with Mary J. Blige and The Notorious BIG. All of a sudden, the hangers-on of the two scenes began a beef that would end tragically in a couple of years.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2019-08-09): The Daily Caller found no evidence that Washington ever made this statement.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2022-08-30): Research staff at the library say the quote seemingly originates from an online publication, The American Wisdom Series presents Pamphlet #230, "President George Washington's Thoughts on Firearms". [...] Below the introduction, Spenner directs readers to read attached comments about "The Role of Firearms" by Washington. But even some of those "comments" are included in the Washington library’s list of spurious quotations. For example, the library says the quote "firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself," does not show up in any of Washington’s writings, nor does any related quote.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2019-08-17): Washington’s Mount Vernon estate includes the quote in its "spurious quotations" list of sayings misattributed to the first president: "The quote seems to originate from an online publication: The American Wisdom Series presents Pamphlet #230, ‘President George Washington's Thoughts on Firearms.’ The author provides no citation for the quotations used." [...] The quote appears to belong to the author — Spenner — not Washington. It shows up in the introduction of the pamphlet and does not have quotation marks encasing it. Below the introduction, the author instructs readers to "read the attached comments about ‘The Role of Firearms,’ by President George Washington and help spread their wisdom." [...] Snopes, Did George Washington Say ‘Firearms Stand Next in Importance to the Constitution Itself’?, April 26, 2019
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2019-04-22): FACT CHECK: Did George Washington Say Free People Need ‘Sufficient Arms and Ammunition’? An image shared on Facebook Sunday claimed that President George Washington said, "A free people ought not only be armed and disciplined, but they should have sufficient arms and ammunition to maintain a status of independence from any who might attempt to abuse them, which would include their own government." [...] According to Mount Vernon, what Washington actually said was, "A free people ought not only to be armed, but disciplined; to which end a uniform and well-digested plan is requisite; and their safety and interest require that they should promote such manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential, particularly military, supplies."
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2012-07-12): Firearms are second only to the Constitution in importance; they are the peoples’ liberty’s teeth. The "Liberty Teeth" Speech by "George Washington" [...] This quotation, sometimes called the "liberty teeth" quote, appears nowhere in Washington’s papers or speeches, and contains several historical anachronisms: the reference to "prarie wagon" in an America which had yet to even begin settling the Great Plains (which were owned by France at the time), the reference to "the Pilgrims" which implies a modern historical perspective, and particularly the attempt by "Washington" to defend the utility of firearms (by_use_of_statistics!) to an audience which would have used firearms in their daily lives to obtain food, defend against hostile Indians, and which had only recently won a war for independence. The "99 99/100 percent" is also an odd phrase for 18th century America, which tended not to use fractional percentages.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2015-02-16): In December 2012, PolitiFact Texas rated False a claim made two days after the Newtown elementary school shooting. When U.S. Rep. Louie Gohmert, a Texas Republican, appeared on Fox News Sunday, he was asked why he believed ordinary Americans should be able to buy semi-automatic weapons designed for military use. Gohmert answered in part, "For the reason George Washington said a free people should be an armed people. It ensures against the tyranny of the government." [...] The meme said George Washington said that "when government takes away citizens’ right to bear arms it becomes citizens’ duty to take away government’s right to govern." Experts say there’s no evidence that Washington ever said that -- and there are indications that Washington, if anything, favored the arming of trained militias rather than wide swaths of the population. We rate the claim False. [...] PolitiFact Texas, "Louie Gohmert says George Washington said a free people should be armed to guard against government tyranny," Jan. 3, 2013 "Fox News Sunday" interview with U.S. Rep. Louie Gohmert, Dec. 16, 2012
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2009-03-30): They are the people’s liberty teeth keystone… the rifle and the pistol are equally indispensable… more than 99% of them by their silence indicate that they are in safe and sane hands. The very atmosphere of firearms everywhere restrains evil interference. When firearms go, all goes, we need them every hour." [...] Please also see: important-2nd-amendment-quotes 59 Responses to "George Washington: Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself" This quote has been proven to be a hoax – Washington never said it. It may sound good to NRA members, but it isn’t true.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2020-01-22): In January 2020, as a high-profile, gun-rights rally unfolded in Virginia, a quote ostensibly uttered by U.S. President George Washington concerning a citizen's right to bear arms recirculated on social media: [...] For this alleged quote, the Mount Vernon library writes that it has "yet to find an explanation for this misquote or a similar quote of Washington's that was confused for this statement." We too were unable to find any credible source for this quote. It does not appear in "The Quotable George Washington: The Wisdom of an American Patriot," a biography published in 1999 that contains many of Washington's most famous phrases. Our search of the Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington also turned up nothing.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2019-08-21): FACT CHECK: Did George Washington Say, ‘Firearms Stand Next In Importance To The Constitution Itself’? A Facebook post claims that former President George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself." The alleged quote continues, "They are the American people’s liberty teeth an [sic] keystone under independence."
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2019-10-14): An image shared on Facebook claims that former President George Washington once said, "When a nation mistrusts its citizens with guns, it’s sending a clear message… It no longer trusts its citizens because such a government has evil plans." [...] George Washington, the first U.S. president and a prominent figure in the Revolutionary War, has been credited with coining a multitude of quotes about firearms, governance and citizens’ rights. (RELATED: Did George Washington Say, ‘Firearms Stand Next In Importance To The Constitution Itself?) There’s no evidence, however, that this particular quote about firearms originated with Washington. The Daily Caller searched his writings and recorded speeches, but neither collection yielded any similar or matching phrases.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2023-08-08): In January 2016, a quote attributed to first U.S. president George Washington, about the importance of an armed citizenry, started recirculating on the internet: [...] George Washington never uttered the phrase in question. The first ten words ("a free people ought not only be armed and disciplined") are taken from the former president's annual address to the Senate and House of Representatives on 8 January 1790, in which he argued in favor of an armed citizenry and self-sufficiency in production military supplies as a deterrent to war: [...] Although this meme does include a portion of Washington's first annual address to members of the Senate and House of Representatives in 1790, the majority of the quote was never uttered by the Founding Father, and does not accurately represent his views on gun control. Nonetheless, its apocryphal nature doesn't hinder its continued reproduction as a genuine expression from George Washington:
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2020-06-20): The claim: Did George Washington say citizens should arm themselves against the government? A photo of a plaque circulating on social media attributes a quote to George Washington that says: "A free people ought not only be armed and disciplined, but they should have sufficient arms and ammunition to maintain a status of independence from any who might attempt to abuse them, which would include their own government." [...] We find the claim that George Washington made the statement that often accompanies the Second Amendment to be PARTLY FALSE, based on our research. The quotation attributed to him is correct in its first words but then takes his speech out of context.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2022-06-02): MountVernon.org, the association that manages Washington's estate, confirmed on its website that the quote about mistrusting citizens with guns and the government having "evil plans" was indeed fake. The website said the quote may have come from an apparently recent publication named, "The American Wisdom Series presents Pamphlet #230, 'President George Washington's Thoughts on Firearms.'" No citation was given for the quote, as it was not genuine. [...] In sum, no, Washington did not say that a nation mistrusting its citizens with guns means that its government has "evil plans." We previously published fact checks about two other quotes that did not originate with the first president of the United States. One misleading quote meme showed an illustration of Washington with the words, "When government takes away citizens' right to bear arms, it becomes citizens' duty to take away government's right to govern." Another misleading quote meme, which also showed an illustration of Washington, read, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself."
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2016-08-14): Washington gave a political speech, and in that speech he specifically says that a free people ought to bear arms. Washington did not need to make that point to advocate a strong national government hand in the national defense. He could have done that without mentioning that a free people ought to bear arms. The phrase fulfills one central purpose: It served to assure his audience that he recognized the importance of an armed population to serve as a check on government tyranny. [...] As a proponent of a strong central government, Washington favored the speedy acceptance of the Constitution as a matter of national security. Washington’s preference on this issue has no obvious importance to his view of citizens’ gun rights as a check on government tyranny. Washington believed that once the Constitution was ratified then Congress and the people could add amendments later. History proved his belief. [...] Owen, Sue. "Louie Gohmert Says George Washington Said a Free People Should Be Armed to Guard against Government Tyranny." PolitiFact Texas. PolitiFact/Austin American-Statesman, 3 Jan. 2013. Web. 08 Jan. 2013.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The following is a list of quotations misattributed to George Washington that have been sent to the Mount Vernon library in recent years. This list will continue to grow as research staff at Mount Vernon become aware of other misattributed or false statements that have been cited as belonging to Washington. When available, an example of this misquote is provided in context, including published books, speeches and periodicals. [...] This quote is partially accurate as the beginning section is taken from Washington's First Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union. However, the quote is then manipulated into a differing context and the remaining text is inaccurate. Here is the actual text from Washington's speech: "A free people ought not only to be armed, but disciplined; to which end a uniform and well-digested plan is requisite; and their safety and interest require that they should promote such manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential, particularly military, supplies." [...] The quote seems to originate from an online publication: The American Wisdom Series presents Pamphlet #230, "President George Washington's Thoughts on Firearms." The author provides no citation for the quotations used.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2020-08-20): Fact check: George Washington didn't say firearms are 'next in importance' to Constitution [...] But it's clear what he didn't say — and that "firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself" as the citizenry's "liberty, teeth, and keystone" is among those false quotes. [...] Based on our research, the claim that George Washington said "firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself" is FALSE. There is no record that he said that, according to the library at Mount Vernon.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2016-02-05): The Washington state legislature finds that the right to keep and bear arms embodied in the federal and state Constitutions is a fundamental freedom that existed long before the founding of this nation and state and this right should continue to be protected, nurtured, and expanded. The legislature further finds that the founding fathers of our nation and state wanted to have firearms in the hands of ordinary citizens as a means of protecting freedom and deterring potential despots from undermining our constitutional republic by force. The American revolution was won by an armed populace against the British standing army. [...] George Washington, America's first president, said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. From the hour the Pilgrims landed, to the present day, events, occurrences and tendencies prove that to ensure peace, security and happiness, the rifle and pistol are equally indispensable. The very atmosphere of firearms everywhere restrains evil interference — they deserve a place of honor with all that's good." [...] As a result of these lessons from history, it is the intent of the legislature to promote freedom and protect public safety by enacting the Washington state firearms civil rights act and by imposing civil and criminal penalties on any person or public official who unlawfully or unconstitutionally interferes with the right of a citizen to keep and bear arms, or who criminally possesses or uses a firearm.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2013-03-19): The strongest reason for people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government. -Thomas JeffersonFirearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. The church, the plow, the prairie wagon, and citizen's firearms are indelibly related. From the hour the Pilgrims landed, to the present day, events, occurrences, and tendencies prove that to insure peace, security and happiness, the rifle and the pistol are equally indispensable. -George Washington I suggest this line of thinking when preparing your armamentarium of 2A defenses: If a quote sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Take for example both of the quotes above, neither of which can be definitively attributed to their supposed speakers.
Claim: Claims that George Washington once said, "Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people’s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence." (Viral Quote, 2019-08-09)
Evidence (2009-05-31): To secure peace, security, and happiness, the rifle and pistol are equally indispensable. They deserve a place of honor with all that is good." Thomas Jefferson put it well when he observed: "The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government." [...] No, elimination of the Second Amendment and firearms will lead to more crime and more government assuming what the Constitution never intended: A move from individual independence and responsibility to a totalitarian government.