copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2011-08-01): No cause of action shall lie in any court against any provider of a wire or electronic communication service, its officers, employees, agents, or other specified persons for providing information, facilities, or assistance in accordance with the terms of a court order under this section. A good faith reliance on a court order under this section, a request pursuant to this section, a legislative authorization, or a statutory authorization is a complete defense against any civil or criminal action brought under this chapter or any other law. [...] In the absence of an authorizing order, such use shall immediately terminate when the information sought is obtained, when the application for the order is denied or when forty-eight hours have lapsed since the installation of the pen register, trap and trace device, or cell site simulator device, whichever is earlier. If an order approving the installation or use is not obtained within forty-eight hours, any information obtained is not admissible as evidence in any legal proceeding. The knowing installation or use by any law enforcement officer of a pen register, trap and trace device, or cell site simulator device pursuant to this subsection without application for the authorizing order within forty-eight hours of the installation shall constitute a violation of this chapter and be punishable as a gross misdemeanor. A provider of a wire or electronic service, landlord, custodian, or other person who furnished facilities or technical assistance pursuant to this subsection shall be reasonably compensated by the law enforcement agency that requests the facilities or assistance for such reasonable expenses incurred in providing such facilities and assistance.
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2019-03-12): (a) initiate, permit, or consider ex parte communications as authorized by law; [...] (5) A judge should not disclose or use nonpublic information acquired in a judicial capacity for any purpose unrelated to the judge’s official duties. [...] Canon 4D(5). The restriction on using nonpublic information is not intended to affect a judge’s ability to act on information as necessary to protect the health or safety of the judge or a member of a judge’s family, court personnel, or other judicial officers if consistent with other provisions of this Code.
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2011-12-02): The current statutes can be found at 20 U.S.C. 1232g - Family educational and privacy rights [...] (2) The officers, employees, and agents of a party that receives information under paragraph (a)(1) of this section may use the information, but only for the purposes for which the disclosure was made. [...] As used in this part:
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2023-07-19): Under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), the U.S. government engages in mass, warrantless surveillance of Americans’ and foreigners’ phone calls, text messages, emails, and other electronic communications. Information collected under the law without a warrant can be used to prosecute and imprison people, even for crimes that have nothing to do with national security. Given our nation’s history of abusing its surveillance authorities, and the secrecy surrounding the program, we should be concerned that Section 702 is and will be used to disproportionately target disfavored groups, whether minority communities, political activists, or even journalists. [...] Once the government collects vast amounts of information — including emails, text messages and other communications — under Section 702, that content is stored in databases for years at a time. FBI, CIA, and NSA officials routinely search through this vast trove of data for information specifically about Americans, even though these communications were all collected without a warrant. Information found through these "backdoor searches" can be used to prosecute Americans for crimes, even if they are not related to national security. [...] The government can use information collected under Section 702 in a wide variety of contexts, from criminal cases to immigration proceedings. Despite the government being legally required to provide notice to defendants when information collected under Section 702 is to be used against them, in only a handful of cases has this notification ever been provided.
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2023-03-24): For over a decade, federal and state courts across the country have construed the SCA to bar criminal defendants from subpoenaing technology companies for the contents of another’s electronic communications.10 Section 2702(a) of the SCA mandates that electronic communication service providers "shall not knowingly divulge to any person or entity the contents of a communication."11 Section 2702(b) then lists nine express exceptions for permissible disclosures of communications contents, including disclosures to an intended recipient of the communication, disclosures necessary to the rendition of the service, and disclosures to governmental entities pursuant to certain forms of legal process.12 The text is silent on criminal defense subpoenas,13 as is the legislative record.14 Nonetheless, courts and commentators alike have concluded that the SCA bars disclosures pursuant to such subpoenas without qualification. When communications are unavailable from other sources, such as when subpoenaing an account holder directly would be dangerous or impossible or would risk destruction of evidence, the current SCA case law can completely suppress relevant, exculpatory evidence.
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2020-01-29): Prosecution team members should exercise caution when using e-communications with non-law enforcement witnesses. Individuals not on the prosecution team, including victims, lay witnesses, and outside experts, should be informed that e-communications are a written record that may be disclosed to the defense and that appropriate care should be exercised. [...] Prosecution team members should preserve for later review and possible disclosure all substantive e-communications created or received by team members during the course of an investigation and prosecution, and all e-communications sent to or received from lay witnesses, regardless of content. [...] For background and additional guidance on these matters, see the March 30, 2011, Deputy Attorney General Cole memorandum, Guidance on the Use, Preservation, and Disclosure of Electronic Communications in Federal Criminal Cases.* *Note that the discussion of personal use of social media in Deputy Attorney General Cole's 2011 memorandum has been superseded by JM 1-9.000 (Personal Use of Social Media).
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2023-09-01): (10) property or items, except the personal writings by the accused, constituting evidence of an offense or constituting evidence tending to show that a particular person committed an offense; [...] (A) criminal activity has been, is, or will be committed; and (B) searching the telephone or device is likely to produce evidence in the investigation of the criminal activity described in Paragraph (A). [...] (e) A peace officer must apply for a warrant to search a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device as soon as practicable after a search is conducted under Subsection (d)(3)(A) or (B). If the judge finds that the applicable situation under Subsection (d)(3)(A) or (B) did not occur and declines to issue the warrant, any evidence obtained is not admissible in a criminal action.
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2018-10-07): Computers are used to commit crime, but with the burgeoning science of digital evidence forensics, law enforcement can now use computers to fight crime. Digital evidence is information stored or transmitted in binary form that may be relied on in court. It can be found on a computer hard drive, a mobile phone, a CD, and a flash card in a digital camera, among other places. Digital evidence is commonly associated with electronic crime, or e-crime, such as child pornography or credit card fraud. However, digital evidence is now used to prosecute all types of crimes, not just e-crime. For example, suspects’ email or mobile phone files might contain critical evidence regarding their intent, their whereabouts at the time of a crime, and their relationship with other suspects. In an effort to fight e-crime and to collect relevant digital evidence for all crimes, law enforcement agencies are incorporating the collection and analysis of digital evidence into their infrastructure.
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2023-09-01): Art. 18B.153. ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE OBTAINED. The state may not use as evidence in a criminal proceeding any information gained through the use of a pen register or trap and trace device installed under this subchapter if an authorized peace officer: [...] Art. 18B.326. CERTAIN EVIDENCE NOT ADMISSIBLE. The state may not use as evidence in a criminal proceeding any information obtained through the required disclosure of location information described by Article 18B.321(a), unless: [...] (6) to a law enforcement agency if the contents were obtained inadvertently by the service provider and the contents appear to pertain to the commission of an offense; or (7) as authorized under federal or other state law.
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2016-07-25): The general weight of recent text and law review comment has been in favor of allowing a search for evidence. 8 Wigmore, Evidence §2184a. (McNaughton rev. 1961); Kamisar. The Wiretapping-Eavesdropping Problem: A professor's View, 44 Minn.L.Rev. 891 (1960); Kaplan, Search and Seizure: A No-Man's Land in the Criminal Law, 49 Calif.L.Rev. 474 (1961); Comments: 66 Colum.L.Rev. 355 (1966), 45 N.C.L.Rev. 512 (1967), 20 U.Chi.L.Rev. 319 (1953). [...] The amendment recognizes the significant improvements in technology. First, more counsel, courts, and magistrate judges now routinely use facsimile transmissions of documents. And many courts and magistrate judges are now equipped to receive filings by electronic means. Indeed, some courts encourage or require that certain documents be filed by electronic means. Second, the technology has advanced to the state where such filings may be sent from, and received at, locations outside the courthouse. Third, electronic media can now provide improved quality of transmission and security measures. In short, in a particular case, using facsimiles and electronic media to transmit a warrant can be both reliable and efficient use of judicial resources.
Claim: Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court. (Social Media User, 2024-06-01)
Evidence (2023-09-01): (2) to a law enforcement agency for investigative purposes; or (3) in accordance with a court order requiring the disclosure. [...] (1) remains confidential in the possession of the property owner or agent; and (2) may not be disclosed or used for any purpose except as evidence or argument at the hearing on: [...] (1) remains confidential in the possession of the person to whom it is disclosed; and (2) may not be disclosed or used for any other purpose.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2018-05-26): The BJP government has made four claims about standing with farmers in times of need ( referring to the SDRF) in an infographic published on the 48-months portal. This article is a fact check of the claims made in the infographic.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-02-05): The Commission has also recommended an allocation of Rs. 1,60,153 crores in the SDRMF for the years 2021-26, out of which Rs. 1,28,122 crore (80% of SDRMF) is for State Disaster Response Fund and Rs. 32,031 crore (20% of SDRMF) is for State Disaster Mitigation Fund. [...] The State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF), constituted under Section 48 (1) (a) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, is the primary fund available with State Governments for responses to notified disasters. The Central Government contributes 75% of SDRF allocation for general category States/UTs and 90% for special category States/UTs (NE States, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir). The annual Central contribution is released in two equal installments as per the recommendation of the Finance Commission. SDRF shall be used only for meeting the expenditure for providing immediate relief to the victims. Disaster (s) covered under SDRF: Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-11-25): Central Share of State Disaster Relief Fund [...] The Central Government has released both the instalments of its share of State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) during the current financial Year. The details of state-wise allocation and release for the year 2021-22 are given below:- [...] This was stated by the Minister of State for Home Affairs, Shri Nityanand Rai in a written reply to question in the Lok Sabha today.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-05-05): The State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) is constituted under Section 48 (1) (a) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005. [...] SRDF covers notified disasters which are cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves. [...] State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF):- Download PDF Here
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2020-09-24): State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) [...] The State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) [...] - The Central Government contributes 75% of SDRF allocation for general category States/UTs and 90% for special category States/UTs (NE States, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir).
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2023-12-06): - Growing pressure. IFRC-DREF allocations increased by 75% to meet escalating demands in the first half of 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 - predominately in response to floods and earthquakes - Local response. 82% of IFRC-DREF funds go directly to National Societies supporting local action -- compared to a global average of just 1.2% [...] Today, 3.6 billion people live in areas highly susceptible to climate change. Humanitarian funding needs are growing as more people are adversely impacted by climate-related disasters each year. The signs are hard to ignore: IFRC-DREF funding allocation increased by 75% to meet escalating demands in the first half of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 - predominately in response to floods and earthquakes. [...] Unlike other humanitarian funding mechanisms, 82% of IFRC-DREF funds go directly to National Societies supporting local action -- compared with a global average of just 1.2%. Localised, community-led action is key to ensuring communities are equipped to prepare for, and overcome, devastating crises.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2023-06-30): Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Shri Amit Shah approves release of Rs.6,194.40 crore to 19 State Governments under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) [...] Based on 15th Finance Commission recommendations, the Central Government, has allocated Rs.1,28,122.40 crore for SDRF for years 2021-22 to 2025-26 [...] Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Shri Amit Shah, today approved release of Rs.6,194.40 crore to 19 State Governments under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2023-12-03): Today, 3.6 billion people live in areas highly susceptible to climate change. Humanitarian funding needs are growing as more people are adversely impacted by climate-related disasters each year. The signs are hard to ignore: IFRC-DREF funding allocation increased by 75% to meet escalating demands in the first half of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 - predominately in response to floods and earthquakes. [...] Unlike other humanitarian funding mechanisms, 82% of IFRC-DREF funds go directly to National Societies supporting local action – compared with a global average of just 1.2%. Localised, community-led action is key to ensuring communities are equipped to prepare for, and overcome, devastating crises. [...] To learn more about IFRC-DREF and how donors can support its 2025 ambition, visit ifrc.org.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2022-06-27): All countries need to prioritise action for people who have been left behind, whether that means displaced people in fragile states or children struggling to get a basic education. [...] The report was funded by Citi and Unilever. [...] Read the full report here.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-07-20): State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) is administered as per the recommendations of the successive Finance Commissions set up under the Article 280 of the Constitution of India. Financial assistance is provided to State Government from SDRF as per the established procedure, for meeting the expenditure on relief provided to people affected by any of the 12 notified disasters. [...] For the containment measures allowed under SDRF, State Governments were allowed to spend upto 35% of the annual allocation of SDRF during the financial year 2019-20. The ceiling of 35% was further enhanced to 50% during the financial year 2020-21. Further, keeping in view the surge in COVID-19 cases in the country, the Central Government, further extended the dispensation allowed to States to utilize upto 50% of their annual allocation of SDRF, for containment measures of COVID-19 during the financial year, 2021-22. First installment of Central share of SDRF for 2021-22 amounting to Rs. 8873.60 crore has been released in advance to all States on 29th April, 2021.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-12-09): FUNDS DISBURSED UNDER NDRF [...] The allocation of State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) to the States is based on the recommendations of the successive Finance Commissions, set up under Article 280 of the Constitution, from time-to-time. Further, the disbursal of funds from SDRF and National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) is governed by the Guidelines and Items and Norms of assistance from SDRF and NDRF, which are framed in consultation with all Stakeholders, including States and which are available on Ministry of Home Affairs website at https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/images/NDRFSDRF_06042017.pdf and https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/images/pdf/SDRF-NDRFNorms-dated8april2015.pdf, respectively. The primary responsibility for disaster management rests with the State Governments concerned. The State Governments undertake relief measures in the wake of natural disasters from the SDRF, already placed at their disposal, in accordance with Government of India’s approved items and norms. In order to supplement the efforts of the State, additional financial assistance is extended from the NDRF, in case of disaster of ‘severe nature’, in accordance with the established procedure. The entire exercise requires adhering to the established procedure envisaged in the SDRF/ NDRF guidelines.
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2019-07-09): Assistance for Disaster Relief [...] Central Government provides adequate funds for disaster relief under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) and National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) as per laid down procedure. The Central Government had significantly enhanced the allocation under SDRF for the period 2015-16 to 2019-20 to Rs. 61,220 crores against the allocation for the period 2010-2011 to 2014-15 of Rs. 33,580 crores. Further, the Central Government has substantially enhanced the norms of assistance for various items eligible for relief under SDRF/ NDRF for the period 2015-2020. The details of amount allocated & released under SDRF and NDRF to State Governments for management of relief from 2014-15 to 2018-19 is given below:
Claim: 82% rise in provision under SDRF (State Disaster Relief Fund) during 2015-20, as compared to 2012-15. It went up to 61,220 crore rupees from 33,580.93 crore rupees. (Govt .of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-05-01): State Disaster Response Fund The State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF), constituted under Section 48(1)(a) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, is the primary fund available with state governments for responses to notified disasters. [...] Disasters covered under SDRF: Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves.