copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2024-09-18): Background [edit]Exposure to neurotoxins in society is not new,[19] as civilizations have been exposed to neurologically destructive compounds for thousands of years. One notable example is the possible significant lead exposure during the Roman Empire resulting from the development of extensive plumbing networks and the habit of boiling vinegared wine in lead pans to sweeten it, the process generating lead acetate, known as "sugar of lead".[20] In part, neurotoxins have been part of human history because of the fragile and susceptible nature of the nervous system, making it highly prone to disruption. [...] By being hydrophobic and small, or inhibiting astrocyte function, some compounds including certain neurotoxins are able to penetrate into the brain and induce significant damage. In modern times, scientists and physicians have been presented with the challenge of identifying and treating neurotoxins, which has resulted in a growing interest in both neurotoxicology research and clinical studies.[24] Though clinical neurotoxicology is largely a burgeoning field, extensive inroads have been made in the identification of many environmental neurotoxins leading to the classification of 750 to 1000 known potentially neurotoxic compounds.[21] Due to the critical importance of finding neurotoxins in common environments, specific protocols have been developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for testing and determining neurotoxic effects of compounds (USEPA 1998). Additionally, in vitro systems have increased in use as they provide significant improvements over the more common in vivo systems of the past.
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2017-03-27): neurotoxin, substance that alters the structure or function of the nervous system. More than 1,000 chemicals are known to have neurotoxic effects in animals. The substances include a wide range of natural and human-made chemical compounds, from snake venom and pesticides to ethyl alcohol, heroin, and cocaine. [...] Neurotoxins are absorbed through inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or injection and can have immediate or long-lasting impacts by causing neurons to malfunction or by disrupting interneuron communication. Slurred words or poor coordination due to toxic effects on neurons from alcohol consumption, for example, are temporary, whereas cognitive damage caused by lead exposure is irreversible. Certain neurotoxins are highly potent and have been developed into chemical weapons. The nerve agent sarin, for example, is an organophosphorous compound that is classified as a weapon of mass destruction; sarin gas can kill a person within 10 minutes of exposure. [...] In the modern era, there is significant concern about the combined effects of moderate and even low-level exposure to multiple neurotoxins; more research is needed, however, to determine the physiological significance of such exposures. In addition, thousands of other chemicals are suspected of having neurotoxic effects, though many remain untested.
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2022-11-28): AS03 adjuvant emulsion, thimerosal, DL-α-tocopherol, polysorbate 80, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate [...] phosphate-buffered saline solution, thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate, α-tocopheryl hydrogen succinate, polysorbate 80 [...] phosphate-buffered saline solution, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate, α-tocopheryl hydrogen succinate, polysorbate 80 22. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2018-03-23): A single 0.5 mL dose of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine contains sodium chloride (4.1 mg), monobasic sodium phosphate (80 mcg), dibasic sodium phosphate (300 mcg), monobasic potassium phosphate (20 mcg), potassium chloride (20 mcg), and calcium chloride (1.5 mcg). From the manufacturing process, each dose may also contain residual amounts of sodium taurodeoxycholate (≤ 10 ppm), ovalbumin (≤ 1 mcg), neomycin sulfate (≤ 0.2 picograms [pg]), polymyxin B (≤ 0.03 pg), and beta-propiolactone (< 25 nanograms) [...] Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine, for intramuscular injection, is a homogenized, sterile, colorless to slightly opalescent suspension in a phosphate-buffered saline solution formulated to contain 15 mcg hemagglutinin per 0.5-mL dose of the influenza A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)v-like virus. Thimerosal, a mercury derivative, is added as a preservative. Each dose contains 25 mcg mercury. Each dose may also contain residual amounts of egg proteins (≤1 mcg ovalbumin), formaldehyde (≤25 mcg), and sodium deoxycholate (≤50 mcg). Antibiotics are not used in the manufacture of this vaccine. [...] The 5-mL multidose vial formulation contains thimerosal, a mercury derivative, added as a preservative. Each 0.5-mL dose from the multidose vial contains 25 mcg mercury.
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2022-01-19): If you look up some vaccine ingredients on the internet you may read that they could be harmful, but most of them are present in vaccines in amounts that are completely normal for our bodies. Even common salt (sodium chloride), which is essential for the normal functioning of the body, is harmful in large quantities. [...] Thiomersal is a mercury-based preservative used in tiny quantities in some vaccines to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi which can contaminate from the environment when the vaccine is opened. [...] In the US, UK and Europe, thiomersal was removed from vaccines as a precaution. This was in line with the global goal of reducing environmental exposure to mercury from all sources. However, there was no evidence that thiomersal in vaccines caused harm. Thiomersal contains a compound called ethyl mercury, but concern about mercury in the environment has centred on a different compound called methyl mercury, which accumulates in the food chain and in the human body. More detailed information can be found on the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease website. A study from 2008 showed that the ethyl mercury in thiomersal does not appear to accumulate in the bodies of even very small babies. It is cleared from the blood in 30 days, and the evidence suggests that it is passed out in the baby’s stool (poo).
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2024-10-09): FLULAVAL QUADRIVALENT is formulated without preservatives and does not contain thimerosal. Each 0.5‑mL dose may also contain residual amounts of ovalbumin (≤0.3 mcg), formaldehyde (≤25 mcg), sodium deoxycholate (≤50 mcg), α-tocopheryl hydrogen succinate (≤320 mcg), and polysorbate 80 (≤887 mcg) from the manufacturing process. Antibiotics are not used in the manufacture of this vaccine.
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2018-06-13): The ingredients include egg protein, octylphenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100) ≤150 mcg, sodium phosphate-buffered isotonic sodium chloride solution, thimerosal (multi-dose vials), formaldehyde (≤100 mcg), and gelatin (≤0.05). [...] The other ingredients include egg protein (ovalbumin), formaldehyde (≤100 mcg), Octylphenol ethoxylate (≤250 mcg), and sodium phosphate-buffered isotonic sodium chloride solution. [...] Other ingredients include formaldehyde (≤100 mc) and Octylphenol ethoxylate (≤250 mcg).
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2024-08-20): This is a list of excipients per vaccine, as published by the United States Centers for Disease Control. Vaccine ingredients and production in other nations are substantially the same. Also listed are substances used in the manufacturing process.[1]
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2019-07-31): Incorrect: Neither ovalbumin (the main protein in egg white) nor sodium deoxycholate is neurotoxic, as the article claims. Both substances are generally safe. [...] This article published in Health Nut News, shared more than 120,000 times, was originally published on the website Complete Health and Happiness. The article discusses the purported dangers of ingredients in the flu vaccine. It claims that the flu vaccine contains several "contaminants", specifically thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde and sodium deoxycholate, which it labels as known neurotoxins. [...] The other ingredients mentioned in this article, ovalbumin and sodium deoxycholate, are also not known neurotoxins. Ovalbumin is the main protein found in egg white, which is consumed daily by many people in much greater quantities than is found in the flu vaccine, without any ill effects. It can, in rare cases, trigger an allergic reaction, not unlike other food allergies (e.g. peanuts, shellfish).
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2020-10-25): Claim that ingredients in flu vaccine are known neurotoxins found to be incorrect
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2020-09-21): This toxin shows up in the ingredients as thimerosol, a mercury derivative, and is added as a preservative. Each dose contains 50 mcg of thimerosol, which is an extremely dangerous level of mercury for the body. [...] If that isn’t punishment enough, each dose also contains residual amounts of ovalbumin, formaldehyde (known neurotoxin), and sodium deoxycholate from the manufacturing process. Can anyone say "GROSS"?
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Before the meeting with the doctor I got on the internet (yes Mr. Heilig the internet can be a very useful information source) and read some very disturbing news about Thimerosal. Thimerosal is a mercury based preservative widely used in vaccines. Many pediatricians have discontinued Thimerosal for use on children in inoculations simply because you would be hard pressed to find any physician admit that putting mercury in our bodies is a good thing. (Many adults, including myself, as advised by my dentist, have had removed our mercury laden amalgam fillings due to the neurotoxic effects as well.) [...] Influenza Vaccine (Common Flu): embryonated chicken eggs, sodium phosphate-buffered isotonic sodium chloride solution, sodium deoxycholate, formaldehyde, thimerosol (multi-dose vials only), monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate, monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium taurodeoxycholate, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B, ovalbumin, mercury, sodium, chloride, beta-propiolacton
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2018-07-11): Why were the parents so terrified of mercury? Once mercury enters the body, it damages the central nervous system. Even more toxic than fluorine, at microscopic levels, mercury damages the heart, kidneys, the brain, the lungs, and yes, the immune system. Short term symptoms of mercury poisoning are very similar to symptoms of extreme allergic responses to vaccinations, including shortness of breath, chills, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, hypertension and severe headaches. Make no mistake: Thimerosal is 50 percent mercury, and there is NO amount that is safe to inject into humans, ever. [...] Here’s the ingredients list straight from the CDC website for three popular influenza vaccines that contain thimerosal (50% mercury content): Influenza (Flulaval) Trivalent & Quadrivalent: ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate, ?-tocopheryl hydrogen succinate, polysorbate 80, thimerosal (multi-dose vials).
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2019-10-07): You may very well be sensitive to one of more of the ingredients in the flu shot.. Sime multidose vials contain thimerosal which is 50 % mercury and a potent neurotoxin. You could be sensitive. [...] Influenza (Flulaval) Trivalent & Quadrivalent ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate, α-tocopheryl hydrogen succinate, polysorbate 80, thimerosal (Mercury)(multi-dose vials) [...] Not trying to be alarmist - but for those who live in the USA it would be good if they have the single dose flu vaccine as the multidose vial can contain the Mercury containing thimerosal. Always good to check the full ingredient list in vaccines.
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2024-07-31): Studies demonstrate that even low levels of toxic substances like mercury or aluminum (which is in some vaccines) can be dangerous. [...] "Thimerosal (an ethylmercury-containing compound used as a preservative in vaccines )…22 studies from 1971 to 2019 show that exposure to ethylmercury-containing compounds (intravenously, intraperitoneally, topically, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intranasally administered) results in accumulation of mercury in the brain. In total, these studies indicate that ethylmercury-containing compounds and Thimerosal readily cross the Blood-brain-barrier, convert, for the most part, to highly toxic inorganic mercury-containing compounds, which significantly and persistently bind to tissues in the brain, even in the absence of concurrent detectable blood mercury levels."
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Theobald W (1955) Vergleichende Untersuchung anti-inflammatorischer Wirkstoffe am Formalinoedem. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 103:17–26
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2022-09-08): Metal chelators and neurotoxicity: lead, mercury, and arsenic.
Claim: Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin (Erin Elizabeth, 2019-07-31)
Evidence (2021-01-12): These compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, sustained release formulations and the like. The formulation should suit the mode of administration· [0480] Additional excipients with desirable properties include but are not limited to preservatives, adjuvants, stabilizers, solvents, buffers, diluents, solubilizing agents, detergents, surfactants, chelating agents, antioxidants, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, salts, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate sugars, dextrose, fructose, mannose, lactose, galactose, sucrose, sorbitol, cellulose, serum, amino acids, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, magnesium stearate, octylphenol ethoxylate, benzethonium chloride, thimerosal, gelatin, esters, ethers, 2-phenoxyethanol, urea, or vitamins, or any combination thereof. Some excipients may be in residual amounts or contaminants from the process of manufacturing, including but not limited to serum, albumin, ovalbumin, antibiotics, inactivating agents, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, b-propiolactone, gelatin, cell debris, nucleic acids, peptides, amino acids, or growth medium components or any combination thereof.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2023-12-07): Newborns benefit from early vitamin K injection and childhood vaccines. Vitamin K is important to prevent spontaneous bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency, which is common at birth. Children can get Hepatitis B from their mothers or other children and are at a higher risk than adults of developing chronic infections and complications from the disease. The hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective against the disease. None of their ingredients are toxic at the concentration used in the vaccines.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2023-12-13): FULL CLAIM: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients; Tylenol causes autism; hospitals aren’t a safe place to give birth [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous to neonates because they contain toxic levels of aluminum has appeared before, such as in this post by Children’s Health Defense, an anti-vaccine website that often disseminates vaccine disinformation. Similar claims have been reviewed in the past and found to be inaccurate. [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous because they contain 20,000 times the recommended amount of aluminum is inaccurate. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that the total allowable exposure to aluminum through the intravenous route not exceed five micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day. One microgram is one thousandth of a milligram, or one millionth of a gram.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-05-22): Although the vitamin K shot is safe and, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, has been routinely given to newborns at birth since 1961, some parents refuse the shot due to myths and misperceptions about its safety. This puts babies at risk for dangerous bleeding which can lead to brain damage and even death. As a healthcare provider, you are in a unique position to debunk these myths and misperceptions. Provide reliable information to parents about the benefits of vitamin K so that they can make the most informed choices about their child's medical care and protect them from potentially devastating health consequences. [...] Infants who do not get the vitamin K shot at birth are at 81 times greater risk for developing VKDB than infants who do get the shot. VKDB is effectively prevented by the vitamin K shot—incidence of late VKDB, the most concerning type, falls to less than 1 in 100,000 infants when vitamin K is given at birth.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2018-09-18): For almost a century, aluminum (Al) in the form of Al oxyhydroxide (a crystalline compound), Al hydroxyphosphate (an amorphous Al phosphate hydroxide), Al phosphate, and Al potassium sulfate has been used to improve the immunogenicity of vaccines. Al is currently included in vaccines against tetanus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Official health authorities consider the inclusion of Al in most of the presently recommended vaccines to be extremely effective and sufficiently safe. However, the inclusion of Al salts in vaccines has been debated for several years because of studies that seem to indicate that chronic Al exposure through vaccine administration can interfere with cellular and metabolic processes leading to severe neurologic diseases. Children, who in their first years of life receive several vaccine doses over a reduced period of time, would be most susceptible to any risk that might be associated with vaccines or vaccine components. The main aim of this paper was to discuss the data presently available regarding Al neurotoxicity and the risk for children receiving vaccines or other pharmaceutical preparations containing Al. [...] Critical analysis of reference studies on the toxicokinetics of aluminum-based adjuvants.J Inorg Biochem. 2018 Apr;181:87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.12.015. Epub 2017 Dec 28. J Inorg Biochem. 2018. PMID: 29307441 Review.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2023-04-03): Aluminum and vaccines: Current state of knowledge - PMID: 31611133 - DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.09.012 [...] French people have never been so wary about vaccines. The use of aluminum salts in vaccine adjuvants to enhance effectiveness is one of the major reasons for this lack of confidence. The direct toxicity of aluminum is often put forward. Direct toxicity of aluminum has long been known-especially with occupational exposure-to be associated with characteristic clinical manifestations and increased blood aluminum level. Intoxication related to the excessive amount of an element in the body, whether be it lead poisoning following exposure to lead or mercury poisoning for instance, is always associated with metal increase in biological media. To date no link has been established between the direct toxicity of aluminum and vaccines. Aluminum levels in biological media of vaccinated subjects are not different from those of unvaccinated subjects. This is consistent with the very small amount of aluminum contained in one dose of vaccine. Indirect toxicity of aluminum was suggested to explain macrophagic myofasciitis in humans in 2011, a disease that could be mediated by an autoimmune/autoinflammatory mechanism. This hypothesis has recently been refuted in a large pharmaco-epidemiological study proving that aluminum-containing adjuvants of vaccines are not responsible for this autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome. [...] About the alleged toxicity of aluminium-based adjuvants in vaccines: All published studies should be taken into account.Int J Pharm. 2021 Jun 1;602:120656. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120656. Epub 2021 Apr 29. Int J Pharm. 2021. PMID: 33932540 No abstract available.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2022-02-24): To this day, the aluminium in vaccines is always in the form of salts. These include aluminium hydroxide (commonly used as an antacid to relieve indigestion and heartburn), aluminium phosphate (often used in dental cement) and potassium aluminium sulphate, which is sometimes found in baking powder. [...] One theory is that the toxicity of aluminium salts is, paradoxically, the reason they work. They lead distressed cells to release uric acid, which activates an immune reaction normally associated with damage. Immune cells flock to the site, and start producing antibodies – and voila, the vaccine has worked.