copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (2024-01-01): - Ask your doctor to file a Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System ("VAERS") form. - Hire a vaccine injury attorney to protect your rights and ensure potential financial compensation. VAERS stands for the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, a program managed by the CDC. The program processes submitted reports of vaccine injuries and adverse events from those injured. It is not to bring a traditional civil lawsuit against any vaccine manufacturers. It is important to note that VAERS does not diagnose those who have been injured with a vaccine injury but rather compiles data about reported adverse reactions for the CDC and the Food and Drug Administration to improve vaccine safety measures in the future. There are no restrictions to who can file a VAERS report, and it is often used as supplemental evidence in vaccine cases when determining the onset of an injury or symptoms.
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (2022-10-10): Figure 1. Rare adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination. The side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines are different and can affect different systems and tissues in the body. Vascular side effects have been seen in the brain, vascular system of the limbs, abdomen, and heart, including CVST/CVT, VITT, DIC, DVT, PTE, CLS, AHA, ITP, SVT, cardiac arrest, HF, MI, pericarditis, and myocarditis, respectively. Ocular involvement includes uveitis, bilateral retinal detachment, central serous retinopathy, acute macular retinopathy, AAION and AZOOR, and paracentral acute middle maculopathy. The thyroid gland can also cause thyroiditis. Neurological side effects such as GBS, Bell's palsy, stroke, and transverse myelitis have also been observed. It causes filler on the face. In addition to facial involvement, skin infections such as erythema multiforme, chilblains, and cutaneous vasculitis have also been reported. It causes autoimmune hepatitis in the liver and has caused many complications for the kidneys. Symptoms of immune rheumatologic events have also been observed in some patients. Lymphadenitis is one of the immune complications in the lymph nodes. In addition to the above, it also causes spontaneous abortion and menstrual problems in women.
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (2019-06-21): The fact that natural rubella virus infection can cause musculoskeletal symptoms including arthritis only adds to the cloudiness of the picture. This example also illustrates some of the dilemmas that emerge from conclusions based on the VAERS and VICP reports. Research on children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who had undergone primary immunization showed that MMR booster vaccination was immunogenic and did not lead to any deterioration of arthritis symptoms (36). Also, it is clear that proper application of rubella vaccination prevents the congenital rubella syndrome and protects children from significant morbidity and mortality (37). [...] Confusion and concern over the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been present since the introduction of HPV vaccination in 2006. This vaccine has been plagued with false accusations of being ineffective, dangerous, or conducive to teenage promiscuity. Studies have shown these statements to be false and the vaccine has proven effective despite parental resistance to its utilization (64). Though it promises to prevent the majority of the 530,000 cervical cancers worldwide that represent the second most common cause of cancer deaths in women, and prevents oropharyngeal, penile, and anal cancers, attempts to legally mandate this vaccine caused considerable uproar perhaps similar to that noted with attempts to mandate smallpox vaccine in England with the 1853 Vaccination Act (2,3). It is problematic that a vaccine that can prevent sexually transmitted disease is not accepted by a society that does not provide comprehensive sex education to its children (65).
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (2023-02-25): According to reports published in the VAERS database, COVID-19 vaccines have several local and systemic neurological complications that occur in different people, from mild to severe, depending on age, sex, history of the disease, and pre-existing immunity [7]. Complications usually appear within one day to 1 month after injection and are usually acute, transient, and self-limiting, but in severe cases lead to hospitalization and intensive care [8]. On the other hand, women have the highest incidence of neurological complications because they induce a stronger immune response against foreign antigens, which can lead to the targeting of self-antigens and lead to autoimmune disorders [9]. Adverse reactions after the second dose of the vaccine are reported more than in the first dose [5].
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (2024-01-01): GACVS reviewed evidence related to autoimmune disease and the HPV, with a focus on multiple sclerosis (MS). The last review was conducted in June 2013, when the Committee reviewed updated data from the USA, Australia, Japan, and the manufacturers of Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline) and Gardasil (Merck). With >175 million doses distributed worldwide and more countries offering the vaccine through national immunization programmes, the Committee continued to be reassured by the safety profile of the available products. Serious adverse events that have been reported as potential signals have been investigated in more detail and were not confirmed, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, seizures, stroke, venous thromboembolism, anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions. Surveillance of pregnancy outcomes among women inadvertently vaccinated during pregnancy through spontaneous reports and registries has not detected any adverse outcomes above expected rates. [...] In summary, GACVS was presented with a series of cases of adverse events following administration of the HPV vaccine. Multiple studies have demonstrated no increase in risk of autoimmune diseases, including MS, among girls who have received HPV vaccine compared to those who have not. The Committee remains reassured by the safety profile of the vaccine, but noted the importance of continued surveillance and epidemiological investigation with an emphasis on the collection of high quality data; such data are essential for interpretation of any adverse events which may occur following vaccination. Allegations of harm due to vaccination based on incomplete information may lead to unnecessary harm when effective vaccines are not used.
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Since 2022, Merck has faced nearly 200 HPV vaccine claims in the Gardasil Products Liability MDL. Plaintiffs allege they have suffered from serious autoimmune and neurological issues after receiving the vaccine. Plaintiffs and Defendants continue to engage in the discovery process, with depositions being scheduled and conducted. The litigation is expected to continue, with new cases potentially being added as more individuals come forward with claims related to Gardasil. [...] - Negligence - Failure to warn of Gardasil’s risk of autoimmune and neurological injuries - Manufacturing defect - Breach of warranty - Common law fraud - Violation of state consumer laws [...] Many have complained of negative side effects after receiving Merck’s Gardasil vaccine. Complaints range from dizziness and fainting to developing autoimmune disorders and even death. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), there have been 64,000 adverse events reported against Gardasil in the United States alone. Of these, nearly 10,000 have been serious negative events, including 547 deaths.
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (2024-09-13): Merck & Co is now facing several lawsuits related to the use of the HPV vaccine. Lawsuits allege that the company concealed the known health risks associated with the use of the drug and misrepresented its efficacy against cervical cancer. Reported complications of the drug include postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), autoimmune disorders, premature ovarian failure, and in some instances, death. [...] The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is an early warning system that helps to monitor for adverse reactions to a vaccine that has been approved for use by the FDA. It is widely reported that thousands of people filed complaints of adverse reactions through VAERS related to Gardasil. Complications and side effects of Gardasil varied, but there are believed to be deaths linked to the use of the vaccine. [...] There are a number of health risks linked to the use of the Gardasil vaccine, based on reports through VAERS and pending litigation against the manufacturer. Contrary to Merck’s claims, evidence indicates that Gardasil may increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (2024-03-04): Jiang HY, Shi YD, Zhang X, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination and the risk of autoimmune disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2019;37(23):3031–9. [...] Hviid A, Svanström H, Scheller NM, Grönlund O, Pasternak B, Arnheim-Dahlström L. Human papillomavirus vaccination of adult women and risk of autoimmune and neurological diseases. J Intern Med. 2018;283(2):154–65. [...] Geier DA, Geier MR. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine and autoimmune adverse events: a case-control assessment of the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) database. Immunol Res. 2017;65(1):46–54.
Claim: HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports (Brenda Baletti, 2023-11-30)
Evidence (1998-05-22): take place in all family-planning settings; and be provided routinely before discharge from any hospital, birthing center, or other medical facility, unless a specific contraindication exists (see Precautions and Contraindications). [...] acute onset of generalized maculopapular rash; and a temperature of greater than 37.2 C (greater than 99 F), if measured; and arthralgia/arthritis, or lymphadenopathy, or conjunctivitis. [...] CDC. Mumps surveillance, January 1977-December 1982. Atlanta, US Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, 1984.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2023-03-31): AIDS-related illnesses, like tuberculosis and Kaposi’s sarcoma, are the main causes of death among people living with HIV with inadequate access to HIV care. Early in the HIV epidemic, it was proposed that poppers were linked to cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma in people with AIDS. However, research has debunked this hypothesis, showing that Kaposi’s sarcoma develops in people who are HIV-positive irrespective of poppers use and heavy poppers use isn’t linked to an increased risk of developing Kaposi’s sarcoma. In reality, Kaposi’s sarcoma is an opportunistic cancer that appears in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with advanced AIDS.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2023-09-28): Kaposi sarcoma is always caused by an infection with a virus called human herpesvirus 8, which is also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The virus, which is in the same family as Epstein-Barr virus, is rare in the United States. In fact, less than 1 percent of the general U.S. population is a carrier. The virus and the tumor are much more common in some other parts of the world. [...] In the United States, most cases of Kaposi sarcoma are related to HIV. HIV only leads to the development of Kaposi sarcoma in patients who are also KSHV infected. [...] KSHV, the virus that causes Kaposi, cannot be treated. Once you contract KSHV, you will always have it. Treatment for Kaposi sarcoma is focused on managing symptoms and treating the cancer. The best approach will depend on your specific diagnosis and the extent of the disease.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2024-08-15): Causes of Kaposi’s sarcoma
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Causes and Risk Factors of Kaposi Sarcoma - People with a weakened immune system: This may be as a result of living with HIV or AIDS, undergoing an organ transplant, and being an older adult. [...] Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare cancer caused by Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), that often affects people with weakened immune systems. KS is characterized by lesions on the skin, but it can also affect other organs. While there's no cure for KS, it can be managed with treatments like HAART for HIV/AIDS-associated cases, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, cryosurgery, and topical medications. Regular checkups and a healthy lifestyle will be helpful in managing your KS and improving your overall quality of life. [...] - What Causes Kaposi Sarcoma? American Cancer Society. April 19, 2018.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2023-04-27): The cause of Kaposi sarcoma is infection with the virus human herpes virus 8, also called HHV-8. In healthy people, this infection usually causes no symptoms because the immune system keeps it under control. In someone with a weakened immune system, however, HHV-8 can lead to Kaposi sarcoma. [...] - AIDS-related or epidemic Kaposi sarcoma. This type happens in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. [...] Thanks to better antiviral medicines to treat AIDS and ways to prevent it, Kaposi sarcoma has become less common and less severe in people with AIDS. Taking antiviral medicines can lower the amount of the virus that causes HIV/AIDS and make the immune system stronger. This might be the only treatment needed for Kaposi sarcoma.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2024-05-01): Kaposi sarcoma (Kaposi’s sarcoma) is cancer that starts in cells that line lymph and blood vessels. It causes lesions on people’s skin or tissue that lines their internal organs. It typically affects people with weakened immune systems who also carry human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Healthcare providers can treat this condition, but it may come back. Kaposi sarcoma (Kaposi’s sarcoma) is a form of soft tissue sarcoma. It affects people with weakened immune systems who also carry the rare virus human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). The virus turns healthy cells into cancerous cells. There are different types of Kaposi sarcoma, but all types cause cancerous lesions (tumors) on people’s skin. Healthcare providers can treat this condition, but it may come back. [...] Kaposi sarcoma in the United States is rare. People develop Kaposi sarcoma because they carry HHV-8 and have weakened immune systems. Kaposi sarcoma affects 6 in 1 million people with HIV/AIDs and 1 in 200 people taking immunosuppressants after stem cell (bone marrow) transplant or organ transplant surgery.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2019-01-31): Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an endothelial cell cancer with an inflammatory component and highly heterogenous histopathology and clinical behaviour. It is the most common disease caused by KS herpesvirus (KSHV). [...] Ahmad, A. et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus-encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) K13 cooperates with Myc to promote lymphoma in mice. Cancer Biol. Ther.10, 1033–1040 (2010). [...] Ensoli, B. & Sturzl, M. Kaposi’s sarcoma: a result of the interplay among inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors and viral agents. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.9, 63–83 (1998).
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2019-11-30): There are 4 main types of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Kaposi’s sarcoma is more common in men than in women. It is caused by a virus called human herpes virus 8 (HHV8). The main types are: [...] Causes of Kaposi’s sarcoma Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by a virus called human herpes virus 8 (HHV8).
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2014-11-01): Poppers, Kaposi's sarcoma, and HIV infection: empirical example of a strong confounding effect? [...] Are there empirical examples of strong confounding effects? Textbooks usually show examples of weak confounding or use hypothetical examples of strong confounding to illustrate the paradoxical consequences of not separating out the effect of the studied exposure from that of second factor acting as a confounder. HIV infection is a candidate strong confounder of the spuriously high association reported between consumption of poppers, a sexual stimulant, and risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in the early phase of the AIDS epidemic. To examine this hypothesis, assumptions must be made on the prevalence of HIV infection among cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and on the prevalence of heavy popper consumption according to HIV infection in cases and controls. Results show that HIV infection may have confounded the poppers-Kaposi's sarcoma association. However, it cannot be ruled out that HIV did not qualify as a confounder because it was either an intermediate variable or an effect modifier of the association between popper inhalation and Kaposi's sarcoma. This example provides a basis to discuss the mechanism by which confounding occurs as well as the practical importance of confounding in epidemiologic research.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2017-04-04): Daily or weekly use of poppers over a number of years is associated with a substantial increase in the risk of cancers caused by viruses in men who have sex with men (MSM) without HIV, but only in the 50-70 age group, a study published in the journal AIDS shows. Heavy use of poppers was not associated with an increased risk of these cancers in men with HIV. [...] Poppers, or nitrite inhalants, are used frequently by men who have sex with men during sex as a stimulant and to make anal intercourse easier. Animal models have shown poppers to cause transient immunosuppression, but numerous epidemiological studies have disproved claims that poppers were linked to immunosuppression in gay men with HIV or to the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma, the most common AIDS-defining cancer. [...] The greater the use of poppers over the first five years after enrolment, the higher the risk of virus-associated cancers in men without HIV aged 50-70 (incidence rate ratio 1.011 per day per year of heavy use averaged over five years, 95% CI 1.002-1.020, p = .014), implying a substantially increased risk in very heavy users of poppers.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2017-09-04): Haverkos HW, Pinsky PF, Drotman DP et al (1985) Disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a possible role of nitrites in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Sex Transm Dis 12(4):203–208 [...] Soderberg LS (1998) Immunomodulation by nitrite inhalants may predispose abusers to AIDS and Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Neuroimmunol 83(1-2):157–161 [...] Tello DM, Doodnauth AV, Patel KH et al (2021) Poppers-induced methemoglobinemia: a curious case of the blues. Cureus 13(5):1–3
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2022-07-07): Early in the AIDS epidemic, public health officials thought that poppers, a popular party inhalant used by gay men, might be a cause of the disease. When AIDS was proven to be caused by an infectious agent, most people dismissed poppers as having no relevance to HIV. [...] It’s also possible that poppers cause immunosuppression. "Animal studies have shown that there is some immunosuppression — the immune cells don’t function as well," Colfax says. "I don’t think you can make any conclusions about what may be happening in people, but it suggests there might be something else going on with poppers." [...] Early in the AIDS epidemic, public health officials thought that poppers, a popular party inhalant used by gay men, might be a cause of the disease. When AIDS was proven to be caused by an infectious agent, most people dismissed poppers as having no relevance to HIV. Now, more than 20 years later, research continues to show a strong link between the use of poppers and HIV risk behaviors.Subscribe Now for Access
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2021-06-04): NIDA meeting calls for research into the poppers-Kaposi’s sarcoma connection [...] When the first cases of AIDS, or the predecessor cases of GRID (Gay Related Immune Deficiency) were identified in 1981, the nitrite inhalants known as ‘poppers’ were high on the list of etiological suspects. Here was a drug used heavily and almost exclusively by the people getting sick: a subset of gay men. It was especially plausible that the nitrites, as powerful mutagens, might be responsible for Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which was then believed to be a rare form of cancer. [...] Lauritsen, J. (1996). NIDA meeting calls for research into the poppers-Kaposi’s sarcoma connection.
Claim: Poppers are the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (Robert Willner, 2023-03-31)
Evidence (2017-04-07): In fact, AIDS Map reports animal models show that while poppers can cause transient immunosuppression (where it may be suppressed for a short period of time), they are not linked to long-term immunosuppression in gay men with HIV or to the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma, the most common AIDS-defining cancer. [...] One particular study by the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study investigated the relationship between the use of poppers and cancer. Researchers divided 3,223 male participants (1,563 of whom were HIV-positive, and 1,660 of whom were not) into three groups: heavy users, light users, and non-users. [...] Of course, many remember the popularity and hysteria over poppers in the 1980s: During the early days of the AIDS epidemic when poppers were thought to be the cause of the disease that was then called "gay cancer." Now we know it's HIV. It's a reminder that initial studies need to be augmented, and in this case to determine causal links between poppers and cancer in HIV-negative men.