copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-06): You can drive up to 23 km from Bhaironghati Forest Check Post to the Nelong Valley Checkpost (3,500 m / 11,485 ft). There was once a village at this check post, Nelong Village, but now only the ruins remain. Further ahead are other villages of the valley and Janak Tal, and to go there, you need permission, which is given in special cases only. The villages were inhabited by the Jadh tribe once. Nelong, Jadhang Village, Sumla, Dumka, Pulam Sumda, and Keelang were some of the villages here before the 1962 Sino-Indian War.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): L'accord pour résoudre le différend conclu en 1996 comprenait des « mesures de confiance » et la ligne de contrôle effectif. En 2006, l'ambassadeur de Chine en Inde a affirmé que tout l'Arunachal Pradesh est un territoire chinois[5] au milieu d'un renforcement militaire[6]. À l'époque, les deux pays revendiquaient des incursions jusqu'à un kilomètre à la pointe nord du Sikkim[7]. En 2009, l'Inde a annoncé qu'elle déploierait des forces militaires supplémentaires le long de la frontière[8]. En 2014, l'Inde a proposé que la Chine reconnaisse une politique « d'une seule Inde » afin de résoudre le différend frontalier[9],[10].
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-10-28): In the central sector, new check-posts were established by the Indo-Tibetan Border Force in the previously disputed areas. This was supposedly ordered by Nehru in a secret memorandum issued in July 1954 (Gupta 1974: 765). The North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) was also established. In 1955, India occupied Pulam Sumda (Bo lin san duo), which is one of the ten trade markets that the Chinese government had agreed to open in the Ngari Prefecture of Tibet in accordance with the 1954 Sino-Indian Agreement. In 1957, India occupied Shipki La (Shi pu qi shankou) in the central sector which is one of the four important passageways from India to Tibet in the central sector. In view of the fact that China was busy with the Korean War in the early 1950s, and considering the blossoming of China–India friendship, Beijing protested over these various Indian actions but maintained the peace. The Chinese side reiterated China’s position on different occasions, namely, that the border had never been formally demarcated.5 However, there continued to be a cognitive gap between China and India on this issue.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Asia [edit]Europe [edit]Oceania [edit]Ongoing disputes involving states with limited international recognition [edit]Ongoing boundary disputes within a state [edit]Historic disputes, subsequently settled [edit]Africa [edit]Americas [edit]Antarctica [edit]Asia [edit]Europe [edit]Disputes over territorial waters [edit]Notes [edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the de facto territories of the Republic of China (ROC) are limited to the Taiwan Area.[75][76] Meanwhile, the People's Republic of China (PRC) controls mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.[75] Officially, both the ROC and the PRC claim de jure sovereignty over all of China (including Taiwan), and regard the other government as being in rebellion.[75][77][78]
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-02-18): Demchok 500 km2, Chumar, Kaurik, Shipki La, Nelang and Laptha. All of these are controlled by India i.e. Kaurik & Shipki La (in Himachal Pradesh), Nelang Valley with areas Leptha, Pulam Sumda and Sang etc.(in Uttarakhand) are areas claimed by China as a part of the Ngari Prefecture of the Zanda County of Tibet, except the Demchok parcel which is 70% with China and 30% with India which is called New Demchok. However China claims all of it. There is another area called Barahoti section area whose grazing fields are named disputed by China, which is also in the state of Uttarakhand and is controlled by India. The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: 喀喇昆仑走廊; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng) is an area of nearly 5,800 km2/ 5180 km2 (2,239 sq mi) along both sides of the Shaksgam River, is entirely administered by the People's Republic of China as a part of Kargilik County and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but was claimed by Pakistan until 1963. It is still claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan gave up its claim to the tract under a border agreement with China in 1963 with the proviso that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the Kashmir dispute.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-09): Geeta Mohan: Geeta Mohan from India Today. Another question on China. This is satellite images that India Today has accessed, which shows that it's the middle sector in Uttarakhand where structures have come up from the Chinese side. Now, this is about 100 structures raised over a period of one month, 40 kilometers away from Pulam Sumda in Uttarakashi. [...] Geeta Mohan: Uttarakhand. Not on the Chinese side. By the Chinese forces on the Indian side in Uttarakhand, in the middle sector. 40 kilometers away from Pulam Sumda in Uttarakashi, such structures showing up between April and May, 2022. Are you aware of these structures that have come up? And what's your response?
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-25): The places are Nilang (also written as Nelang), a village located in the Jadh Ganga valley, Jadhang (or Jadhung) and Pulam Sumda, the latter two lying on the upper reaches, towards the India-Tibet frontier. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) with the Chinese army occupying Tibet is located on top of the ridge.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-08): In Uttarakhand, the disputed areas are- - Pulam Sumda - Barahoti Plains
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of People's Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-10): Nelang, Pulam Sumda,Sang, Jadhang and Lapthal( Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand).
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-12): Pulam Sumda is a small hilly village which lies in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. Pulam Sumda is a part of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China.[1] The Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Some of the nearby villages are Jadhang, Sang and Nelang, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[2][3] Geography [edit]See Geography of Dhumku, Nelang, Pulam Sumda, Sumla and Mana Pass area and Geography of Mana.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2005-11-26): Pulam Sumda is a small hilly village which lies in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. Pulam Sumda is a part of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China.[1] The Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Some of the nearby villages are Jadhang, Sang and Nelang, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[2][3] See Geography of Dhumku, Nelang, Pulam Sumda, Sumla and Mana Pass area and Geography of Mana.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Pulam Sumda is a small hilly village which lies in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. Pulam Sumda is a part of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. The Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Some of the nearby villages are Jadhang, Sang and Nelang, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-10-13): The Himachal-Uttarakhand sector also includes two areas that are disputed between India and China: Barahoti and Pulam Sumda. Both these locations have seen several transgressions by Chinese soldiers.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-07): Almost 40 km away from the Pulam Sumda in Uttarkashi, such structures started showing up between April and May 2022. Incidents of increased activity in another region towards the east near Barahoti have been reported in the past too.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-04): Himachal Pradesh – Kaurik & Shipki La, an ancient trade routem, Uttarakhand – Pulam Sumda & Barahoti Plains; Sikkim -: North Sikkim, a high-altitude snowbound plain area & Chumbi Valley, India–China–Bhutan tri-junction where Doklam is located and Arunachal Pradesh – Namkha Chu, Sumdorong Chu, Asaphila, Longju, Dichu, Yangtse, Fish Tail-1 & 2 in Dibang Valley and Lamang.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-10): "Almost 40 km away from the Pulam Sumda in Uttarkashi, such structures started showing up between April and May 2022. Incidents of increased activity in another region towards the east near Barahoti have been reported in the past too. Barahoti has frequently reported face-offs between Chinese and Indian troops in different areas. This would suggest the Chinese are enhancing their military presence across the sector," stated the report.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-18): In Uttarakhand the disputed areas are- - Pulam Sumda - Barahoti Plains
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): This article is about territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China (PRC). A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more political entities. Many of China's territorial disputes result from the historical consequences of colonialism in Asia and the lack of clear historical boundary demarcations. Many of these disputes are almost identical to those that the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei, also known as Taiwan, has with other countries. Therefore, many of the subsequent resolved disputes made by the PRC after 1949 with other governments may not be recognized by the ROC.[1]
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-22): The co-ordinates of Pulamsumda, however were different (31° 18' North and 79° 8' East) as Pulamsumda was located on the south of the Sutlej-Ganges watershed and over twenty miles distance from Puling Sumdo on the north of the watershed and while Pulamsumda was a camping ground and Puling Sumdo had been a trademart in Tibet for the people of Nilang-Jadhang. [...] The Report said: "The Indian side were most surprised that despite many and detailed explanations given by the Indian Government during the last six years, the Chinese side had again put forward a claim to Pulamsumda, which was well within Indian territory. The fact that the Chinese side quoted the letter of the Prime Minister of India of 26 September 1959 only showed that they had misunderstood that letter. When Premier Chou-En-lai, in his letter of 8 September 1959 [http://www.claudearpi.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WhitePaper2NEW.pdf], accused India of having ‘invaded and occupied’ Puling Sumdo, the Indian Government were amazed, for Puling Sumdo was a Tibetan trade-mart north of the watershed, which had never been occupied by India."
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-07): The Sang-Nelang-Pulam Sumda region in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand is also claimed by China as part of its Tibet province. And The plains of Barahoti in the Chamoli district are also claimed by China as part of its Tibet province.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-25): The places are Nilang (also written as Nelang), a village located in the Jadh Ganga valley, Jadhang (or Jadhung) and Pulam Sumda, the latter two lying on the upper reaches, towards the India-Tibet frontier. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) with the Chinese army occupying Tibet is located on top of the ridge.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-01-28): Nelong Border Outpost (BoP), located at the height of 11,700 feet, is manned by the ITBP. Accompanied by ITBP director general, RK Pachnanda, the minister later visited Pulam Sumda (14,200 feet) and interacted with jawans and officers. The area is disputed by the Chinese only because Beijing refuses to adhere to the universally-accepted principle of "watershed" used for demarcating borders. In Nelang, the watershed in the area is located at Tsangchok pass, beyond Pulam Sumda. [...] Later he was scheduled to visit Pulam Sumdha (altitude 14,200 feet), Kopang (8,700 feet) and Bhairon Ghati (9,150 feet). Accompanied by ITBP director general (DG) R K Pachnanda, Singh interacted with jawans and officers of the ITBP.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): L'accord pour résoudre le différend conclu en 1996 comprenait des « mesures de confiance » et la ligne de contrôle effectif. En 2006, l'ambassadeur de Chine en Inde a affirmé que tout l'Arunachal Pradesh est un territoire chinois[5] au milieu d'un renforcement militaire[6]. À l'époque, les deux pays revendiquaient des incursions jusqu'à un kilomètre à la pointe nord du Sikkim[7]. En 2009, l'Inde a annoncé qu'elle déploierait des forces militaires supplémentaires le long de la frontière[8]. En 2014, l'Inde a proposé que la Chine reconnaisse une politique « d'une seule Inde » afin de résoudre le différend frontalier[9],[10].
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-09): Geeta Mohan: Geeta Mohan from India Today. Another question on China. This is satellite images that India Today has accessed, which shows that it's the middle sector in Uttarakhand where structures have come up from the Chinese side. Now, this is about 100 structures raised over a period of one month, 40 kilometers away from Pulam Sumda in Uttarakashi. [...] Geeta Mohan: Uttarakhand. Not on the Chinese side. By the Chinese forces on the Indian side in Uttarakhand, in the middle sector. 40 kilometers away from Pulam Sumda in Uttarakashi, such structures showing up between April and May, 2022. Are you aware of these structures that have come up? And what's your response?
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Pulam Sumda, India on the map — exact time, time zone [...] Pulam Sumda is located in the time zone India Standard Time. Data on the UTC standard, universal coordinated time. [...] Pulam Sumda — nearest airports
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-05): In April 2016, discussions began on creating a meeting point in middle sector of the border, possibly in the Himachal Pradesh (either Kaurik or Shipki La) - Uttarakhand (either Pulam Sumda or Barahoti) region on the Indian side in a site logistically convenient for both sides.[7] Discussions occurred in Beijing between Indian defense minister Manohar Parrikar and Chinese military and civilian leadership.[20]
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-02-18): Demchok 500 km2, Chumar, Kaurik, Shipki La, Nelang and Laptha. All of these are controlled by India i.e. Kaurik & Shipki La (in Himachal Pradesh), Nelang Valley with areas Leptha, Pulam Sumda and Sang etc.(in Uttarakhand) are areas claimed by China as a part of the Ngari Prefecture of the Zanda County of Tibet, except the Demchok parcel which is 70% with China and 30% with India which is called New Demchok. However China claims all of it. There is another area called Barahoti section area whose grazing fields are named disputed by China, which is also in the state of Uttarakhand and is controlled by India. The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: 喀喇昆仑走廊; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng) is an area of nearly 5,800 km2/ 5180 km2 (2,239 sq mi) along both sides of the Shaksgam River, is entirely administered by the People's Republic of China as a part of Kargilik County and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but was claimed by Pakistan until 1963. It is still claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan gave up its claim to the tract under a border agreement with China in 1963 with the proviso that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the Kashmir dispute.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-10): Nelang, Pulam Sumda,Sang, Jadhang and Lapthal( Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand).
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-06): You can drive up to 23 km from Bhaironghati Forest Check Post to the Nelong Valley Checkpost (3,500 m / 11,485 ft). There was once a village at this check post, Nelong Village, but now only the ruins remain. Further ahead are other villages of the valley and Janak Tal, and to go there, you need permission, which is given in special cases only. The villages were inhabited by the Jadh tribe once. Nelong, Jadhang Village, Sumla, Dumka, Pulam Sumda, and Keelang were some of the villages here before the 1962 Sino-Indian War.
Claim: Pulam Sumda is a territory of Republic of China (Pulam Sumda, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-08): In Uttarakhand, the disputed areas are- - Pulam Sumda - Barahoti Plains
Claim: Sang is a territory of India (Sang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Puducherry (/ˌpʊdʊˈtʃɛri/; Tamil: [puðut͡ːʃeːɾi]), also known as Pondicherry (/ˌpɒndɪˈtʃɛri/; Tamil: [paːɳɖit͡ːʃeːɾi]), is a union territory of India, consisting of four small geographically unconnected districts. It was formed out of four territories of former French India, namely Pondichéry (now Puducherry), Karikal (Karaikal), Mahé and Yanaon (now Yanam), excluding Chandannagar (Chandernagore), and it is named after the largest district, Puducherry, which was also the capital of French India. Historically known as Pondicherry (Pāṇṭiccēri), the territory changed its official name to Puducherry on 1 October 2006.[9][10] [...] Government and administration [edit]Puducherry is a union territory of India rather than a state, which implies that governance and administration fall directly under federal authority. It is one of three union territories (with the National Capital Territory of Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir) entitled by a special constitutional amendment to an elected legislative assembly and cabinet of ministers, thereby conveying partial statehood.[25] There has been some interest by the territory's government in receiving full statehood, but budgetary issues remain a consideration. Also, Mahe and Yanam may oppose such a change of status.[26] [...] - ^ "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Claim: Sang is a territory of India (Sang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-01): The Sangam age constitutes an important chapter in the history of South India. Towards the end of the first millennium BCE, history of South India moved from pre-history to history. Literary Ashokan records reflected contemporary events. The advent of the early historic period in South India is generally dated to the 3rd Century BCE. Inscriptions refer to the people of South India as Cholas, Cheras, Pandyas and Satiyaputras-the crucible of the culture of Tamilakam. Tamilakam is the home of the Tamils-the land where Tamil was the language. The geographical limits of Tamilakam were Vengadam (i.e, the Tirupati Hills) in the north, Kumari in the south and the sea on the east and west. Kumari is said to refer, not to Cape Comorin, but to a river of that name, now lost in the Indian Ocean. This region comprised of the modern territories of Kerala, Tamilnadu and the Union territory of Pondicherry.
Claim: Sang is a territory of India (Sang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-18): Daman and Diu (/dəˈmɑːn ... ˈdiːuː/; ) was a union territory in northwestern India. With an area of 112 km2 (43 sq mi), it was the smallest administrative subdivision of India on the mainland. The territory comprised two districts, Daman and Diu island, geographically separated by the Gulf of Khambat. The state of Gujarat and the Arabian Sea bordered the territory. A Portuguese colony since the 1500s, the territories were taken by India with the Annexation of Goa in 1961. Daman and Diu were administered as part of the union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu between 1961 and 1987. After the Goa Opinion Poll, they became a separate union territory. In 2019, legislation was passed to merge the union territory of Daman and Diu with its neighbouring union territory, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, to form the new union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu with effect from 26 January 2020.[1] [...] - ^ census 2011 - ^ "Ranking of States and Union territories by population size : 1991 and 2001" (PDF). Government of India (2001). Census of India. pp. 5–6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
Claim: Sang is a territory of India (Sang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-11): However, official statements issued by the two sides suggest that these talks did not yield a mutually agreeable outcome. Just a week after the meeting, China made headlines by unveiling the latest version of its "standard map", which showed Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin, along with various other Indian territories along the Indo-Tibetan frontier, within China’s borders. This cartographic aggression prompted many of China’s neighbours, including India, to lodge formal protests.
Claim: Sang is a territory of India (Sang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-11-12): The Sangh Parivar, a network of organizations articulated around the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS – National Volunteer Corps), has become over the years a global movement propagating a Hindu nationalist agenda. As such, it links and imbricates transnationalism and nationalism. Hindu nationalism is an exclusive form of ethnoreligious nationalism which thrived in the first years of the twentieth century in reaction to the ‘threat’ theWest (Christian missionaries as well as British colonizers) and the Muslim minority (allegedly related to a pan-Islamic movement rooted in the Middle East) were according to its leaders posing to the Hindus. It was and still is very much linked to the soil of India and is not naturally inclined to overflow India’s borders. Its deep-seated ethnoreligious nature coincides with a people and a civilization. It is indissociable from a territory, the ‘sacred’ land of ‘eternal’ India. However, over the years, the Sangh Parivar developed the idea of a global Hinduism that transcends the physical frontiers of India and reaches out to the diaspora, thus operating a shift from an ethnoterritorial to a more purely ethnic base – a development related to the growth of the Hindu diaspora. An RSS pamphlet significantly entitled RSS: Widening Horizons can thus boast that ‘the Sangh’s sphere of influence has been spreading far and wide, not only inside Bharat [India] but also abroad, like the radiance of a many splendoured diamond’.1