copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Dominica (locally /ˌdɒmɪˈniːkə/ dom-in-EE-kə;[9] UK: US: /ˌdɒmɪˈniːkə/[10][11][12] or /dəˈmɪnɪkə/ ;[13] Dominican Creole French: Dominik; Kalinago: Waitukubuli), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean.[14] It is part of the Windward Islands chain in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. Dominica's closest neighbours are two constituent territories of the European Union, the overseas departments of France, Guadeloupe to the northwest and Martinique to the south-southeast. Dominica comprises a land area of 750 km2 (290 sq mi), and the highest point is Morne Diablotins, at 1,447 m (4,747 ft) in elevation. The population was 71,293 at the 2011 census.[6] [...] Territorial disputes [edit]The Commonwealth of Dominica is engaged in a long-running dispute with Venezuela over Venezuela's territorial claims to the sea surrounding Isla de Aves (literally Bird Island, but in fact called 'Bird Rock' by Dominican authorities),[48][63] a tiny islet located 140 miles (225 km) west of the island of Dominica.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-25): The island nation of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea, is volcanic in origin. It has a total area of 750 sq. km (290 sq mi). [...] Dominica (officially, the Commonwealth of Dominica) is divided into 10 parishes. In alphabetical order, the parishes are: Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul and Saint Peter. [...] Dominica is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles Archipelago, located in the south eastern Caribbean Sea. It is positioned in the Northern and Western hemispheres of the Earth. Dominica is situated between Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante in the north and Martinique in the south.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-27): Dominica, island country of the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It lies between the French islands of Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante to the north and Martinique to the south. The country has been a member of the Commonwealth since independence in 1978. [...] Dominica is the most heavily forested island of the Lesser Antilles. The forest is the habitat of a considerable variety of birds and animals. Two parrots—the imperial parrot, or sisserou (Amazona imperialis), and the smaller red-necked parrot (Amazona arausiaca)—are found only in Dominica. There are many hummingbirds, of which the blue-headed (Cyanophaia bicolor) is native only to Dominica and the neighbouring island of Martinique. The large frog known as crapaud or mountain chicken (Leptodactylus fallax), one of four amphibian species on the island, was long an emblematic part of Dominica’s fauna (and a national dish), but it has become highly endangered because of a fungal disease. The population is mainly of African descent, with some Europeans, people from the Indian subcontinent, and Caribs. Dominica is the only island with a relatively large and distinctive group of Carib Indians, descendants of the people who inhabited the island before European colonization. Most of the remaining Caribs, a small number of whom are solely of Carib descent, live in the approximately 3,700-acre (1,500-hectare) Carib Territory in the east of the island and are among Dominica’s poorest residents.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Isla de Aves ([ˈisla ðe ˈaβes]; Spanish for "Island of Birds" or "Birds Island"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes (now resolved) with the United States (through the Guano Islands Act of 1856), neighbouring independent islands such as Dominica, and European states controlling their nearby dependent islands, such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. [...] During a visit to Venezuela, Dominica’s Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit, in June 2006, stated that Aves Island belongs to Venezuela, unofficially ending the territorial claim.[8] Aves Island is a particularly rare amateur radio "entity", under the ITU prefix YV0. A 2006 expedition by operators to the island required 14 years of planning.[citation needed] Though one member suffered a fatal heart attack, over 42,000 contacts were made during their week-long stay.[9]
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2002-10-28): There has been much discussion over the years in Dominica about its claim or lack thereof to Birds Island. Former Prime Ministers Patrick John and Roosevelt Douglas had both expressed interest in the Island. Speculation was heightened last year when the CARICOM heads of government indicated that they may be willing to back up Dominica's claims to the Island. However, to date the government of Dominica has not indicated whether it will pursue any such claim. Birds or Aves Island, as it is called by the Spanish, is a famed bird sanctuary and is said by some to be rich in oil. Most of the people arguing in favor of Dominica staking a claim to the Island have pointed out that at approximately 180 miles west of Dominica, it is well within its territorial boundaries. Birds Island is the most isolated Island in the Caribbean Sea, and is very strategically located. [...] Birds Island has an intriguing history. In 1587 the Island was spotted by Spanish adventurer Avaro Sanzze, who claimed it on behalf of Spain and named it Isla de Aves (Birds Island). At that time however, no formal possession of the Island was made by the Spanish and it was not inhabited.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Bird Island, coral-covered sandbank only 15 feet (4.5 metres) high at low tide, located in the Caribbean Sea about 350 miles (560 km) north of Venezuela and 70 miles (110 km) west of Dominica. (The island is not a part of the group of Venezuelan islands of similar name, Islas de Aves, comprising Aves de Barlovento and Aves de Sotavento, located 145 miles [230 km] north of Caracas, just east of Bonaire.) The uninhabited islet was valued in the past for its abundant guano (used as fertilizer) and was claimed or occupied by a number of powers (Spain, Venezuela, the United States, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Dominica) after the arrival of Europeans in the West Indies. The islet acquired political significance in the 1970s because of its strategic importance for the control of the Caribbean basin and became the subject of a tense dispute between Venezuela and Dominica. Dominica’s claim is based on geographical criteria, since the island rises from a long submarine sandbank, the Aves Ridge, which apparently connects it with Dominica. Venezuela’s claim stems from having maintained an armed force there and exercised acts of sovereignty by virtue of which it was awarded to Venezuela in 1865. The controversy continued into the 21st century as Venezuela in 2001 made several moves to reaffirm its ownership of the islet, including announcing plans to expand the country’s small military base there. Such actions drew protests from other Caribbean states, who opposed the extension of Venezuela’s exclusive economic zone.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-01-01): Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-15): State practice regarding this point also shows that nations treat solitary islands far removed from coastal states as islands, regardless of their geological characteristics, and set EEZs. For example, Aves Island (length: a little less than 600 meters, minimum width: about 30 meters) in the Caribbean, which belongs to Venezuela, is composed of sand and coral; Jan Mayen Island (area: around 373 square kilometers), which belongs to Norway and is located near Greenland and Iceland, is volcanic; and Clipperton Island (area: around 1.6 square kilometers), which belongs to France and is located in the Pacific approximately 670 nautical miles from the coast of Mexico, is composed of coral and volcanic rock. Also, Mexico sets its EEZ using the Revillagigedo Islands, which are comprised of uninhabited rock islets located several hundred kilometers from its Pacific coast, and other islands. [...] Furthermore, Venezuela has claimed an EEZ and continental shelf regarding Aves Island, where coast guard facilities (a radar station and oceanography survey base) have been constructed and several military personnel and scientists are stationed, while not believed to be sustaining economic activities,[19] and this claim has been recognized by France, the Netherlands, and the US through their respective delimitation agreements with Venezuela. However, three nearby countries (Antigua, Saint Kitts, and Saint Vincent) object to these agreements, and this dispute remains unresolved.[20]
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2002-12-01): According to the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) every sovereign state is entitled to an EEZ stretching some 200 miles to the edge of its maritime boundary. The country also has the right to use and dispose of resources contained therein, and prevent unauthorized access to their territory by other states. Aves Island sits some 140 miles West in the Caribbean Sea from the Northern coast of Dominica and 350 miles from the Venezuelan coast. [...] Dominica and other Caribbean countries however argue that Aves Island is really not an island under the UN convention and is simply a rock thus Venezuela is not entitled to 200 miles of EEZ. [...] Now more than ten years after Skerrit appearing to acquiesce to Venezuela there is renewed interest on the island of Dominica in the issue. Not least based on the recent published reports that as much as 20 percent of the worlds natural gas reserves are to be found in the sea around Aves Island.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-12-31): conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica conventional short form: Dominica etymology: the island was named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS for the day of the week on which he spotted it, Sunday ("Domingo" in Latin), 3 November 1493
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-06): © Liza and Robert Weissler aves.org 2024, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-01-01): Leeward Antilles: Southwestern island chain of the Lesser Antilles, sometimes also referred to as southern Caribbean Islands: Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and the Venezuelean islands Los Monjes Archipelago, La Tortuga, La Sola, Los Testigos, Los Frailes, Patos, Los Roques Archipelago, La Blanquilla, Los Hermanos, La Orchilla, Las Aves Archipelago, Isla Margarita, Coche, Cubagua.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Barbados-Venezuela (Maritime Boundary): Barbados joins other Caribbean states and the United Kingdom to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island, a large sandbar with some vegetation, sustains human habitation or economic life, the criteria under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 121, which would permit Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; the dispute hampers hydrocarbon prospecting and creation of exploration blocks [...] Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea [...] Venezuela-various: Venezuela claims Aves Island and thereby an economic exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Venezuela’s claim to Aves Island is disputed by Dominica and several other countries because the island has rich guano deposits useful in producing fertilizer and gunpowder, as well as large fish stocks and natural gas reserves; contraband smuggling (narcotics and arms), illegal migration, trafficking in animals, plants, lumber, illegal exploitation of mineral resources
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Little cause, big effect: the tiny islet of Aves has been used to justify a hugely disproportionate extension of Venezuela's EEZ as far as the open sea adjoining Guadeloupe. This appropriation has been effected with the endorsements of France. Netherland and United States (in the name of their island dependencies within the zone). The Isle of Aves (‘Isle of Birds') is a sandbank 375 m long, varying in width 15 to 50 m, with a maximum altitude of 3 metres, and resting on a corallian sub-foundation. Well away from all the busiest shipping lanes, and very isolated from other islands (200 km from Guadeloupe, 230 km from Dominica and 550 km from Venezuela of which it is a "federal dependency,") and not even offering a secure mooring point. In 1980, the islet was submerged and divided in two by Hurricane Allen, but later re-united. As a place of rest and nesting for various species of marine birds and green turtles, there is no permanent habitation and very little vegetation. Discovered in 1584, it was subsequently claimed in turn by the Spanish, British, Portuguese and Dutch. From 1878 to 1912, it was exploited by the Americans for its guano until the resource was exhausted. Venezuela now maintains a small garrison of some twelve soldiers, a situation contested by several states.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-07-16): Dominica says not a word about Venezuelan Presidential decree 1787 that claimed Bird Island and territory of other states. Guyana and Columbia are shouting [...] "During a visit to Venezuela in 2006 Roosevelt Skerrit stated that Aves Island belongs to Venezuela, seemingly ending the territorial claim but not the maritime claim. They seemed to agree there would be a negotiation. However just saying so neither cemented the situation in law nor, from what I can discover, resulted in a maritime delimitation agreement," Jessop told The Sun in response to questions emailed to him. "So given a) the lack of any legal agreement and b) the absence of any maritime delimitation agreement with Dominica, it is fair to say that the Venezuelan base on Aves effectively gives them de facto control, but in the absence of any agreement or variance to the long term legal claims they do not appear to have de jure control unless there is a legal document or secret treaty," Jessop added.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Dominica (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Barbados-Venezuela (Maritime Boundary): Barbados joins other Caribbean states and the United Kingdom to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island, a large sandbar with some vegetation, sustains human habitation or economic life, the criteria under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 121, which would permit Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea. The dispute hampers hydrocarbon prospecting and creation of exploration blocks. [...] Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea [...] Venezuela-various: Venezuela claims Aves Island and thereby an economic exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Venezuela’s claim to Aves Island is disputed by Dominica and several other countries because the island has rich guano deposits useful in producing fertilizer and gunpowder, as well as large fish stocks and natural gas reserves; contraband smuggling (narcotics and arms), illegal migration, trafficking in animals, plants, lumber, illegal exploitation of mineral resources
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Isla de Aves ([ˈisla ðe ˈaβes]; Spanish for "Island of Birds" or "Birds Island"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes (now resolved) with the United States (through the Guano Islands Act of 1856), neighbouring independent islands such as Dominica, and European states controlling their nearby dependent islands, such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. [...] Isla de Aves was included in Venezuela's territorial reorganization done by President Joaquín Crespo in 1895. By 1905, Isla de Aves was a municipality called "Municipio Oriental" part of Colón Federal Territory.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Named Isla de Aves in Spanish, (meaning Island of the Birds) Aves Island , situated at 15°40'42"N and 63°36'47" W, lies west of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean, about 665 Km of the coast of Venezuela. A submerged fringing coral reef surrounds it. [...] Venezuela currently controls Aves, and claims that it is an island, potentially giving it a sizable extension of its EEZ in the central Caribbean Sea. Since 1978, Venezuela has maintained a permanently staffed scientific station on Aves built on large pilings and protected by a small naval contingent. As a result, the island might be said to sustain human habitation, but it certainly does not do so on the basis of its own resources. [...] Rangels historical assertion was questionable, since American guano collectors occupied the island periodically in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The United States subsequently dropped all claims to the islet, and in 1978 acknowledged Venezuelan control over both Aves and its marine environs. The United States gave full effect to Aves Islands in the Maritime Boundary Treaty between the United States and Venezuela of March 28, 1978, 23 U.S.T. 3100; in doing so, the United States recognized Venezuelas right to claim an EEZ from Aves Island.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-01-01): Island name: Isla de Aves (Spanish for "Island of Birds"). [...] Population: Isla de Aves is an uninhabited island. [...] Geographic coordinates: 15°40'18'' N 63°36'59'' W. Isla Aves is an isolated scrap of land in the eastern Caribbean.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Isla de Aves ([ˈisla ðe ˈaβes]; Spanish for "Island of Birds" or "Birds Island"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes (now resolved) with the United States (through the Guano Islands Act of 1856), neighbouring independent islands such as Dominica, and European states controlling their nearby dependent islands, such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. [...] Isla de Aves was included in Venezuela's territorial reorganization done by President Joaquín Crespo in 1895. By 1905, Isla de Aves was a municipality called "Municipio Oriental" part of Colón Federal Territory. [...] During a visit to Venezuela, Dominica’s Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit, in June 2006, stated that Aves Island belongs to Venezuela, unofficially ending the territorial claim.[8]
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-10-21): Since its discovery by Europeans, likely in the late 16th century, Aves Island was claimed by several European nations. The island is currently claimed by Venezuela, although disputes about ownership of the island, and the surrounding exclusive economic zone in the Caribbean, continue today. Aves Island is small - only 0.5 by 0.2 km (0.3 by 0.1 mi) - and its highest point stands just 4 m (13 ft) above sea level. In hurricanes, the island can be completely submerged. In 1980, Hurricane Allen split the island in two, but subsequent coral reef growth reunited the two halves.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-09): On August 22, 1871, Venezuelan President Antonio Guzmán Blanco decided to group all the Venezuelan islands, except Coche, Cubagua, Margarita and Isla de Aves, as the Federal Territory of Columbus, which would be controlled by a governor appointed by the President of the Republic. The United Kingdom wanted the Isla de Patos, but on February 26, 1942, it was resolved by the delimitation of the soil and subsoil of the Gulf of Paria. The Los Monjes Archipelago, which Venezuela integrated as part of its territory, was the object of controversy, but in 1952, the Colombian Foreign Minister recognized Venezuelan sovereignty over the territory through a diplomatic note and in 1992, the Colombian government affirmed that it would not claim the territory. In October 2011, a new decree was approved as an organic law for the Federal Dependencies and island territories. With this, the Insular Territory Francisco de Miranda grouped Los Roques, La Orchila, Isla de Aves and Las Aves in the same entity.
Claim: Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela (Aves Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-14): Isla de Aves ([ˈisla ðe ˈaβes]; Spanish for "Island of Birds" or "Birds Island"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes (now resolved) with the United States (through the Guano Islands Act of 1856), neighboring independent islands, such as Dominica, and European mother countries of surrounding dependent islands, such as the Netherlands, or the United Kingdom. [...] Isla de Aves was included in Venezuela's territorial reorganization done by President Joaquín Crespo in 1895. By 1905, Isla de Aves was a municipality called "Municipio Oriental" part of Colón Federal Territory. [...] During a visit to Venezuela, Dominica’s Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit, in June 2006, stated that Aves Island belongs to Venezuela, unofficially ending the territorial claim.