copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-13): Two of the islands—Europa and Juan de Nova—and the Bassas da India atoll lie in the Mozambique Channel west of Madagascar, while a third island, Tromelin, lies about 450 kilometres (280 mi) east of Madagascar and the Glorioso Islands lies about 200 kilometres (120 mi) northwest of Madagascar. Also in the Mozambique Channel is the Banc du Geyser, a mostly submerged reef considered a part of the Glorioso Islands by France and the Comoros. [...] Mauritius, Madagascar, and the Comoros dispute France’s sovereignty over these islands. Mauritius claims Tromelin and states that the island, discovered by France in 1722, was not ceded by the Treaty of Paris in 1814. Madagascar claims sovereignty over the Glorioso Islands (including Banc du Geyser), though the islands were never a part of the Malagasy Protectorate, having been a part of the Colony of Mayotte and dependencies, then a part of the French Comoros that had become a separately administered colony from Madagascar in 1946. The Comoros also claims the Glorioso Islands (including Banc du Geyser), as a part of the disputed French region of Mayotte. Furthermore, Madagascar has also claimed Bassas da India, Europa, and Juan de Nova since 1972, and a 1979 United Nations resolution (without binding force) demanded the cession of these islands to Madagascar. Seychelles claimed a part of the Scattered Islands too before the signing of the France–Seychelles Maritime Boundary Agreement.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-27): The National Nature Reserve of the Glorioso Archipelago includes three fully protected zones covering about 11,000 square kilometers (4,250 square miles) around three islands in the archipelago: Glorioso, Banc du Geyser, and Banc de la Cordelière. All types of fishing and extractive activity, such as mining, are prohibited within these areas.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-03-06): - soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation - international disputes: claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel; in May 2008, African Union forces are called in to assist the Comoros military recapture Anjouan Island from rebels who seized it in 2001 - human trafficking: Comoros is a source country for children subjected to forced labor and reportedly sex trafficking; Comoran children are forced to labor within the country in domestic service, roadside and street vending, baking, agriculture, and sometimes criminal activities; some Comoran students at
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-03-25): The Comoros also lays claim to the Glorioso Islands, comprising Grande Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Wreck Rock, South Rock, Verte Rocks (three islets), and three unnamed islets, one of France's Iles Eparses or Iles eparses de l'ocean indien (Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean) possessions. The Glorioso Islands were administered by the colonial Comoros before 1975, and are therefore sometimes considered part of the Comoros Archipelago. Banc du Geyser, a former island in the Comoros Archipelago, now submerged, is geographically located in the Iles Eparses, but was annexed by Madagascar in 1976 as an unclaimed territory. The Comoros now claims it as part of its exclusive economic zone. [...] The Comoros claims the Banc du Geyser and the Glorioso Islands as part of its exclusive economic zone.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-11-13): Three of the islands – the Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova and Europa – and the Bassas da India atoll, lie in the Mozambique Channel west of Madagascar, while the fourth island, Tromelin, lies about 450 kilometres (280 mi) east of Madagascar. Also in the Mozambique Channel is the Banc du Geyser, a reef under French control claimed by Madagascar since 1976. France and Comoros view the Banc du Geyser as part of the Glorioso Islands.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-05): The Comoro Archipelago, located in the centre of the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, has numerous islands. Grande Comore is Comoros’ largest island, covering 1,025 km2. The nation’s capital, Moroni, is located on this island. Other Comoros islands are Mohéli and Anjouan. France also possesses some islands in the Mozambique Channel, including the disputed Mayotte Island, Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, and Europa Island.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-29): On 11 September 2011, the UMMOA expanded its claims by claiming a piece of the African continent. With the seas claiming greater and greater areas of both lowland territories and islands, the UMMOA, as a signatory of both the GPGPT and MOGPT treaties, decided to claim a 25th national component, the Banc du Geyser (France/Madagascar/Comoros). [...] Territorially speaking, these eleven claims are recognised by the Organization of Emerging African States (OEAS): Banc du Geyser, Aphrodite Island (a new Red Sea island which formed thorough a volcanic eruption, which took place between December 2011 and January 2012, and which was never claimed by any other state), Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Tromelin Island, Amsterdam Island, Saint Paul Island, Crozet Islands, and Kerguelen Islands. The OEAS also recognises these islands or archipelagos as UMMOA protectorates: Mayotte and Chagos Archipelago. So two intergovernmental organisations recognise the UMMOA's claims to 22 islands, and the UMMOA is also recognised as the protector of another 2 islands or archipelagos. [...] On 5 May 2012, the Organization of Emerging African States (OEAS) recognised an additional 10 allodial title UMMOA claims beyond the Banc du Geyser claim — the latter claim was itself recognised on 14 September 2011. This decision, in turn, brought the total number of recognised African Ummoagian insular claims to 11. The OEAS also recognised the UMMOA's land tenure claim to another 2 islands or archipelagos — Mayotte and the Chagos Archipelago — so the UMMOA can fulfill its mission there as Protector to the African islands.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-01-01): The Zélée Bank is a recognised scuba diving and fishing site. Humpback whales stay there during the southern winter. We can see mothers with their calves. However, this activity is subject to the control and authorisation of the administration of the French Southern and Antarctic Territories. Several foreign recreational vessels were arrested on this occasion and their diving equipment seized by the French Navy. [...] Arrival on the Geyser bank. During the next 7 days, 2 dives per day with a minimum surface interval of 1 hour. The various diving sites are Beaver bank, Cape Sebastien.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-05-15): - A group of volcanic islands in the Southern Indian Ocean: Kerguelen Islands, Crozet Islands, Saint Paul Island and Amsterdam Island - Adélie Land, the French claim on Antarctica - Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean near Madagascar and Mauritius: Banc du Geyser, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Bassas da India, Europa Island and Tromelin Island.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-02): Disputes - international claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-01-20): The fifth district of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands since Februar 2007 is called The Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (Îles Éparses or Îles Éparses de l’océan Indien), consisting of four small coral islands, an atoll, and a reef in the Indian Ocean. They have never had a permanent population. Two of the islands — Juan de Nova and Europa — and the Bassas da India atoll lie in the Mozambique Channel west of Madagascar, while a third island, Tromelin, lies about 280 miles (450 km) east of Madagascar and the Glorioso Islands lies about 120 miles (200 km) northwest of Madagascar. Also in the Mozambique Channel is the Banc du Geyser, a reef under French control claimed by Madagascar since 1976. France and the Comoros view the Banc du Geyser as part of the Glorioso Islands.
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-01): Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): ; claimed by Madagascar; the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands); ;
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-23): Mauritius (independant from the UK since 1968), Madagascar (independant from France since 1960), and the Comoros (independant from France since 1975) dispute France's sovereignty over these islands. Mauritius claims Tromelin and states that the island, discovered by France in 1722, was not ceded by the Treaty of Paris in 1814. "Madagascar claims sovereignty over the Glorioso Islands (Banc du Geyser included), though the islands were never a part of the Malagasy Protectorate, having been a part of the colony of Mayotte and dependencies, then a part of the French Comoros that had become a separately administered colony from Madagascar in 1946. The Comoros also claims the Glorioso Islands (Banc du Geyser included), as a part of the disputed French region of Mayotte. Furthermore, Madagascar has also claimed Juan de Nova, Europa, and Bassas da India since 1972."
Claim: Banc du Geyser is a territory of France (Banc du Geyser, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-02-21): Bassas da India is an uninhabited atoll with no vegetation and the reef Banc du Geyser is more of a shipping hazard than anything else. But the islands of Juan de Nova, Tromelin, Europa and the Glorieuses all have airstrips and manned research and/or military bases. The islands are essentially guarded from unauthorized access and the waters around them are monitored for illegal activities. Each of the four islands has a designated postmaster, each with their own hand stamps. There are routine year-round flights to and from the islands, bringing in personnel and supplies, so getting mail there and back isn't a problem. Even the Marion Duffrense makes the occasional rotation through the islands.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-22): The forgotten island of Remba It is 2am on Remba Island, one of the remotest locations on Lake Victoria. [...] Remba is located on the Kenya-Uganda boundary.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-04-28): In early July 2013, I made an eight hour boat journey from Mbita-Rusinga Town, in the western part of Kenya - to unveil the odds of an island in Kenya’s Lake Victoria. In the blue waters of Lake Victoria sets Remba Island which is located right on the North-South border between Kenya and Uganda, and just about three kilometers inside Kenya from Ugandan international border. Remba is a small and densely populated island of around 20, 000 people who are majorly migratory in nature, and whose economy is entirely dependent on fishing activities. The island is a cosmopolitan commercial place that hosts people from all over Africa. The majority of the residents are the Abasubas, the Luos and the Somalis of Kenya who make up to 20% of the total population, though there are also fishermen and traders from Southern Sudan, DR Congo, Tanzania, Uganda and from other African countries."In Remba, we do fishing as the main economic activity though there are other businesses like shop-keeping, prostitution and even selling of chang’aa. There are also Masaais who offer us security and we pay them," said Austin Omondi who is a fisherman in Remba Island.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-21): Remba Island, on Lake Victoria in Kenya, is home to 20,000 people whose mainstay is fishing. It is a cosmopolitan commercial place with a high transient population from all over Africa. Fishing is a mix of business prosperity that generates over 5 KES per day, and a streak of exploitation. Most of the boats are owned by people who don’t live on the island but have agents to take care of their boat operations. The boat owners get 70- 80% of the profit made in a day’s fishing, and the rest is divided among the fishermen. [...] We have worked with a group of 15 widows and single mothers on education and sustainable livelihoods: business training and life skills, innovative vegetable farming, solarized poultry keeping, and a business savings scheme. This group has been formally registered in Kenya as the Remba Women’s Group. The Remba Women’s Group successfully doubled its flock size to 250 using the solar-powered incubator installed this year. The poultry business has had an overwhelmingly positive reception from the community with high demand for eggs and birds. Despite initial teething problems, in the first month alone their total revenue reached 15,000 KES and they have collectively saved over 30,000 KES through their savings and investments scheme.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-12-27): Apart from Migingo, Remba and Ringiti islands are also under threat. At this rate, Kenya may soon be without Mfangano Island. The Government has contributed considerably to the mess. Some time in the early 1990s, when Mr Ndolo Ayah took over the Foreign Affairs ministry, something strange happened. [...] Ndolo’s statement also gave Museveni the courage to grab more Kenyan territories, including Migingo and Remba islands. [...] Museveni seems to be exploiting that neglect to claim territory that has always been Kenyan and convert desperate Kenyans into Uganda citizens. They cannot not understand why the Government surrendered them to Ugandan authorities.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-19): Rift Valley 2,955.3 894,179 Rift Valley 3,049.7 369,998 [...] Rift Valley 21,292.7 687,312
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-20): Terrain low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west [...] Independence 12 December 1963 (from the UK) [...] Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA]
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-23): As Germany, Britain, and France were carving up East Africa in the mid-1880s, they recognized the authority of the sultan of Zanzibar over a coastal strip 10 miles (16 km) wide between the Tana (in Kenya) and Ruvuma (in Tanzania) rivers. The hinterland, however, was divided between Britain and Germany: the British took the area north of a line running from the mouth of the Umba River, opposite Pemba Island, and skirting north of Kilimanjaro to a point where latitude 1° S cut the eastern shore of Lake Victoria; the German sphere, Tanganyika (present-day Tanzania), lay to the south of that line. In 1887 the sultan’s territory on the mainland was conceded to the British East Africa Association (later Company) for a 50-year period; this was later made a permanent grant. Because the British government was reluctant to become involved in the administration of East Africa, in 1888 it granted the company a royal charter that authorized it to accept existing and future grants and concessions relevant to the administration and development of the British sphere in that part of the world. The financial resources of the company, however, were inadequate for any large-scale development of the region.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Kenya consists of the territory and territorial waters comprising Kenya on the effective date, and any additional territory and territorial waters as defined by an Act of Parliament.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Bisected horizontally by the Equator and vertically by longitude 38° E, Kenya is bordered to the north by South Sudan and Ethiopia, to the east by Somalia and the Indian Ocean, to the south by Tanzania, and to the west by Lake Victoria and Uganda. The 38th meridian divides Kenya into two halves of striking contrast. While the eastern half slopes gently to the coral-backed seashore, the western portion rises more abruptly through a series of hills and plateaus to the Eastern Rift Valley, known in Kenya as the Central Rift. West of the Rift is a westward-sloping plateau, the lowest part of which is occupied by Lake Victoria. Within this basic framework, Kenya is divided into the following geographic regions: the Lake Victoria basin, the Rift Valley and associated highlands, the eastern plateau forelands, the semiarid and arid areas of the north and south, and the coast.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-09): Remba is a small island in the lake whose ownership, just like that of Migingo island, is disputed. Uganda and Kenya both lay claim on Remba. [...] However, Google map shows that Remba Island is in Kenya, with one of its edges touching the border with Uganda. [...] Besides Remba, other islands like Ringiti, Ngodhe, Mfangano, Rusinga and the mainland in Mbita are also notorious for illegal trade.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-02-07): Remba Island in Homa Bay County may not be as famous as its neighbour Migingo, but even in its anonymity, the lifestyle of its residents is the stuff for first class documentary. [...] The unwritten rule is that once you choose to live on Remba, you forget whether you have a wife or a mother. The womenfolk belong to the island with no particular attachment as homemakers. Mostly they are itinerant traders. [...] The most common offence here is adultery. This is because at night, men are busy on the lake, leaving their wives at the mercy of studs who have established reputations as substitutes to the women’s absentee husbands. This is why people have christened Remba Island as ‘a highland with no boundaries’.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-16): Despite Remba’s status as Kenya’s largest producer of Nile Perch or Mbuta, a fish of substantial economic and food-security importance to the region— with 70% of all production originating in Lake Victoria, and total catches amounting to 151,002 metric tons per year with an annual value of $297 million— Remba’s fisheries are a depiction of social inequality. [...] Limited security in the vast Lake Victoria region has made Remba a gateway for drugs, and a well-known criminal hideout. Theft and gender-based violence are also common in the densely populated village of predominantly transient inhabitants. [...] "Empower a woman, empower a community," says the motto of the Remba Women’s Group. The project has indeed achieved this – from enabling the women’s voice and advocacy skills, investing in their ambitions for scaling and developing their enterprise and acting as a learning hub for neighboring islands. Registration as a Community-Based Organization in Kenya has also enabled the Remba Women’s Group to benefit from County grants and loans to support their aspirations.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-27): Location and general information Remba Island is situated in Lake Victoria Homa Bay County on the north-south border between Kenya and Uganda. It is a small, densely populated island and home to some 20,000 people whose economy is entirely dependent on fishing. It is also home to people from all over Africa, the majority being Abasubas, Luos and the Somalis of Kenya; there are also fishermen and traders from Southern Sudan, DR Congo, Tanzania, Uganda and other African countries. Crime is inevitably high, including rape, theft, prostitution and drugs. [...] The local and county authorities have already provided the land for the poultry farm, kitchen garden and football pitch.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-12): - Land: 569,140 km2 (219,750 sq mi) [...] Maritime claims [edit]- Territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) [...] The Great Rift Valley as it is visible near Eldoret, Kenya -
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-21): - It covers Mfangano, Remba, Takawiri and Ringiti islands, with the headquarters at Sena trading centre on Mfangano Island. [...] It was inaugurated during Mashujaa Day celebrations on Thursday at an event presided over by County Commissioner Moses Lilan and Governor Gladys Wanga. [...] It covers Mfangano, Remba, Takawiri and Ringiti islands, with the headquarters at Sena trading centre on Mfangano Island.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-31): REMBA ISLAND, Kenya – A Kenyan based company called access:energy plans to bring a micro-grid solution to generate electricity and power in Remba Island, Kenya’s Slum Island. The tiny, underdeveloped isle–located in the center of Lake Victoria–is home to 5,000 fishermen who live in one-room shacks stacked on top of each other. [...] Remba’s isolated location implies the lack of development in its power, clean water and health services. These basic services are not only expensive for its residents, but diseases are prevalent and simple routine activities are a constant challenge. [...] Meanwhile, life on Remba continues. The industrious fishermen hope to draw nets brimming with tilapia, a fish that is known to sell well internationally. Leaf remarked that the tiny strip of land "is the first link in the supply chain, and that chain links to Europe."
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-15): Two car ferries on the lake connect Luanda Kotieno (Siaya County) with Mbita point and Mfangano Island (both in Homa Bay County, Kenya). The islands closer to the border with Uganda are served by private motorised passenger ferries that travel to the mainlands of both countries. Migingo Island, a Kenyan island close to the border with Uganda, has been the centre of a recent minor territorial dispute over fishing rights between the two countries. Migingo Island is densely populated, and is connected via passenger ferry to Dunga beach, near Kisumu city, Muhuru Bay, close to the border with Tanzania, and Remba island, another densely populated island on the border between Kenya and Uganda. Most lake islands do not have any formal health service provision. There is a health centre on Mageta Island. Fishing communities therefore represent a major risk for the amplification of any imported cases of SVD, with limited structures currently available for community engagement and disease surveillance. [...] - The districts of Migori and Homa Bay host a number of islands on Lake Victoria, some of which are inhabited by Congolese, Burundian, South Sudanese, Tanzanian, and Rwandan nationals, including refugees. These populations are at high risk, partly due to their mobility and potential for cross-border exposure to SVD, and partly because the islands have especially poor access to healthcare facilities and are difficult areas to patrol or conduct effective screening.
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Frequently Asked Questions about Rutgers EMBA
Claim: Remba is a territory of Kenya (Remba, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Onditi expressed concerns that Ugandan security officials always block them from fishing within Kenyan territories in the lake. [...] Onditi said among the confiscated boats, 22 were from Remba Island, while 11 were from various beaches in Suba Sub-county.