copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Rockall is a territory of United Kingdom (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-05): note 2: includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland comparison ranking: total 80 [...] international: country code - 44; Landing points for the GTT Atlantic, Scotland-Northern Ireland -1, & -2, Lanis 1,-2, &-3, Sirius North, BT-MT-1, SHEFA-2, BT Highlands and Islands Submarine Cable System, Northern Lights, FARICE-1, Celtic Norse, Tampnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, CC-2, E-LLan, Sirius South, ESAT -1 & -2, Rockabill, Geo-Eirgrid, UK-Netherlands-14, Circle North & South, Ulysses2, Conceto, Farland North, Pan European Crossing, Solas, Swansea-Bream, GTT Express, Tata TGN-Atlantic & -Western Europe, Apollo, EIG, Glo-1, TAT-14, Yellow, Celtic, FLAG Atlantic-1, FEA, Isle of Scilly Cable, UK-Channel Islands-8 and SeaMeWe-3 submarine cables providing links throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Australia, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers (2019)
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Rockall (/ˈrɒkɔːl/) is an uninhabitable granite islet in the North Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom claims that Rockall lies within its territorial sea[1] and is part of its territory, but this claim is not recognised by Ireland.[2][3] It and the nearby skerries of Hasselwood Rock and Helen's Reef are the only emergent parts of the Rockall Plateau. The rock was formed by magmatism as part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province during the Paleogene. [...] External links - Rockall.name – a complex website about the islet available in both English and Czech - RockallIsland.co.uk – a website detailing the MSØIRC/p amateur radio expedition of 16 June 2005 - Rockall2011.com Archived 21 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine – a website advocating a charitable fund for soldiers based on a pending expedition to Rockall in 2011 - Rockall.be – a website on the MMØRAI/p amateur radio expedition to Rockall in 2011 - Waveland.org Archived 21 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine – official website of the former micronation Waveland based on Rockall - 1955: Britain claims Rockall – "On This Day" story of British claim to Rockall from BBC's official website - British journalist Ben Fogle attempts to claim Rockall - Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs map showing all parties' claims to the continental shelf around Rockall.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-04-09): Rockall is fewer than 300 miles from the western coasts of the Republic of Ireland and Scotland. The UK claimed Rockall in 1955, but Ireland, Iceland and Denmark have previously challenged that claim. [...] "We can fish at the minute at Rockall as we have fishing rights there but when the UK leaves they will no longer be part of the Common Fisheries Policy and there will have to be some detailed discussions around the fisheries which are very difficult to resolve."
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-15): Lying-in the North East Atlantic, some 162 nautical miles from the island of Soay, in the St Kilda group, and 230 nautical miles North West from Donegal, Rockall does not even qualify as an island. Yet it is claimed by Scotland and the UK, and would be in Scottish waters, the Scottish Government argues, were Scotland to be independent and outside the UK. However, it is also the subject of international dispute, a dispute which has been raised at European Commission level and which has drawn competing views from a variety of experts in international and maritime law. While it is often said that the rock is claimed by the Republic of Ireland, this has been disputed by Leo Varadkar, the Taoiseach, speaking in 2019: ‘We don't have a claim on it. We don't accept any other sovereign claim on it’. Ownership of the rock is also disputed by Denmark – on behalf of the Faroes - and by Iceland. One very small rock, measuring just 70 feet high and 100 feet wide, is therefore central to a long-existing territorial dispute between at least four separate countries. Of course, that Rockall sits in waters that contain rich fishing grounds, and the potential for huge oil and gas resources, is the primary source of the interest in this single unforgiving and unliveable rock.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-11): Rockall is an eroded granite volcane that sits some 230 miles west of the Outer Hebrides and measures only 100ft (30 metres) wide and 70ft (21 metres) high above the sea, says the BBC. Over the years, several attempts have been made by adventurers to live on the tiny island but none have succeeded. Rockall gives its name to one of the 31 weather areas around the British Isles, familiar from the Shipping Forecast programme on BBC Radio 4. The UK claimed sovereignty of Rockall in 1955 – sometimes said to be the last action of British colonialism – and made it part of Scotland in 1972. In 2012, the UK government observed: "No other state has disputed our claim to the islet."
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-06): Never has such a small piece of land caused so much of a stushie, one that has been going on for centuries. Ireland and Denmark, via the Faroe Islands, have also claimed Rockall as theirs in the past, due probably to the fishing and oil exploration rights that will come with possession of the islet. Just 56ft high, 80ft wide and 102ft long (17.5m x 25m x 31m) Rockall is a volcanic plug which rises sheer from the skerries known as Helen’s Reef lying in about 80 metres of the Atlantic Ocean. It is uninhabitable with no vegetation, not least because it is regularly swamped by Atlantic storms. [...] Ten years later, Ireland was still arguing about Rockall, and the Westminster Parliament was still debating. Sir John Biggs-Davison asked Secretary of State for Scotland George Younger: "In view of renewed interest by certain politicians in the Irish Republic, will my right hon. Friend affirm, on behalf of Her Majesty’s Government, that though it be uninhabited, and notwithstanding any negotiations on the law of the sea, Rockall is sovereign territory of the United Kingdom and will so remain?"
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-11): Rockall - the small craggy mound poking out of the Atlantic - is currently the focus of a fight about who can legally fish around its ferocious seas. [...] His Rockall adventure came 30 years after UK troops annexed the rock, though Iceland, Ireland and Denmark have laid claim to it since then. [...] Speaking at the time, one of the activists is quoted as saying: "The seas around Rockall, potentially rich in oil, are fought over by four nations - Britain, Denmark, Iceland and Ireland.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-13): The idea that Ireland regards as part of its territory the tiny clump of rocks known as Rockall, 420km northwest of Co Donegal, is a popular misconception – flag-planting on the rock by brave, patriotic souls notwithstanding. [...] Irish lawyers and diplomats have maintained that nothing as insubstantial or uninhabitable as Rockall can be said to constitute a national territory in any meaningful sense. And particularly in the sense of such a status bestowing economic rights. Irish diplomats successfully fought hard to establish the principle (see clause above) in international law at interminable UN meetings on the drafting of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea. [...] Denmark, Iceland and Ireland had protested against the use of Rockall as a base point for the British fishery zone established in 1977. The UK claimed sovereignty over the rock and sought formally to annex it under its 1972 Island of Rockall Act. But when it signed up to the Law of the Sea Convention in 1997, it appeared that London had accepted implicitly that Rockall was not being seen as a base point.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-09): Several states have claimed interests over the sea bed adjoining Rockall, an uninhabitable granite islet which is located within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the United Kingdom. Ireland, Denmark, Iceland, and the United Kingdom have all made submissions to the commission set up under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). [...] Rockall is within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) claimed by the United Kingdom.[8][9][10] In 1997, the UK ratified[11] the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and thus relinquished any claim to an extension of its EEZ beyond the islet. The remaining issue is the status of the continental shelf rights of the surrounding ocean floor. These are the exclusive rights to exploit any resources on or under the ocean floor (oil, natural gas, etc.) and should not be confused with the EEZ, as continental shelf rights do not carry any privileges with regard to fisheries. Ownership of these rights in the Rockall area are disputed between the United Kingdom, Denmark (for the Faroe Islands), Ireland and Iceland.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-10): Rockall has been claimed by the British and is generally accepted to belong to the UK and, more specifically, Scotland. [...] "The UK’s claim to historical sovereignty over Rockall is a strong one," UCD professor Richard Collins told TheJournal.ie today. [...] In Britain’s case, that extended zone includes Rockall island and, as a territory, it would normally include the 12 nautical miles surrounding it.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-10): Rockall is situated in a remote part of the North Atlantic and is about 160 nautical miles west of the Scottish islands of St. Kilda and 230 nautical miles to the north-west of Donegal. [...] As the UN’s rules explicitly apply to "rocks which cannot sustain human habitation", there have been attempts to prove that Rockall is in fact an island and does not fall into that category. [...] For the moment though, the status of the Rockall remains that the UK claims is at part of its territory. While Ireland does not accept this claim, neither does it argue that Rockall is Irish.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Rockall islet, Scotland, United Kingdom verifiedCite [...] Rockall, isolated granite rock in the North Atlantic Ocean 220 miles (354 km) west of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Rockall is about 100 yards (91 metres) in circumference and stands some 70 feet (21 metres) above sea level. It was formally annexed by the United Kingdom in 1955 and incorporated as part of Scotland in 1972. The uninhabited islet has since assumed economic importance as a basis for oil and fishing rights in its territorial waters.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-08): Rockall, and its surrounding waters, has been at the centre of a controversy over fishing laws. [...] Rockall is an eroded volcano lying approximately 187.2 miles west of Scotland and 263.0 miles northwest of Ireland. It is only 100 feet wide and 70 feet high above sea level. [...] Rockall is home to the multi-million pound Rockall Fishery, which has several species of fish, including squid, monkfish and haddock.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-15): Rockall, an uninhabited islet measuring just 100ft (30m) wide and 70ft (21m) high, is a remnant of an eroded volcano. [...] The lucrative seabed around Rockall, rich in oil and gas possibilities as well as fish, has been the subject of rival claims from Ireland, Iceland and Denmark (on behalf of the Danish Faroe Islands). [...] A European Commission spokeswoman told BBC News NI that "the question of sovereignty over Rockall is a matter of international law".
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-11): That's very unlikely. But there is a serious dispute, and there is a possibility of flashpoints on the high seas. The Scottish Government has said that it will send fisheries patrol vessels to Rockall to ensure that Irish fishing boats leave the waters around Rockall, and will board them if necessary. The Irish fishermen say they won't leave. That presents the possibility of incidents at sea. However, the Minister for Foreign Affairs Simon Coveney has said that the Government will not be sending Irish Government vessels, as advised by Sinn Féin, and the Taoiseach says it's "not something Ireland and Scotland should fight over". [...] The UK has always claimed sovereignty over Rockall, though that claim is disputed by Ireland, Iceland and Denmark. However, the dispute has rumbled aimlessly along for years. Recently however the Scottish government has said that it will enforce exclusive fishing rights for Scottish vessels within a 12-mile radius of the tiny islet as Irish boats have intensified what it says is "illegal" fishing there. The Irish – both fishermen and Government – reject the claim, insisting that under EU law they are explicitly permitted to fish around Rockall.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-01): According to the submitting State, this is a partial submission, which "does not cover the continental shelf of Iceland in the Hatton-Rockall area, which is subject to overlapping claims by other States, or in the eastern part of Reykjanes Ridge which potentially overlaps the Hatton-Rockall area. In order not to prejudice questions relating to the delimitation of boundaries between States in the Hatton-Rockall area, a submission for both of these areas will be made at a later stage."
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-21): Rockall dispute: Iceland stakes claim to fishing waters Iceland has reasserted its claim over waters around Rockall, an uninhabited island in the North Atlantic Ocean. In a statement, a spokesperson for the Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs said "the Hatton-Rockall area is part of the Icelandic continental shelf".
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-21): Iceland has re-affirmed its claim to the waters around Rockall which are at the centre of a diplomatic dispute between Scotland and Ireland. [...] But a spokesperson for the Iceland Ministry of Foreign Affairs has now told RTÉ News that "the Hatton-Rockall area is part of the Icelandic continental shelf". [...] "As communicated to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in relation to claims made by the government of the United Kingdom, Government of Ireland and government of the Kingdom of Denmark together with the government of the Faroes, the Hatton-Rockall area is part of the Icelandic continental shelf but is subject to overlapping claims by these three States.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-30): The sovereignty of the rock has been the source of a long running dispute between Ireland and the UK. The UK authorities claim Rockall is part of its territory lying within its territorial seas – a claim not recognised by Ireland. Ireland has not claimed ownership of the rock and does not recognise the British claim of sovereignty on the basis that uninhabited rocks should not be claimed by any state. The British Navy annexed Rockall in 1955 – hoisting the Union flag and cementing a brass plaque on the summit. It later sought to incorporate it into part of UK law in 1972. [...] "It regularly monitors the seas around Rockall. Throughout our discussions with Irish colleagues, we have been consistently clear on the sovereignty of Rockall and the extent of the rights of non-UK vessels to fish in waters at Rockall."
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-08-25): Part 3. The Western Area – Lundy to South East Iceland "Shannon, Rockall. Gale warning. North westerly gale force 8 expected later. Sea State moderate, becoming rough or very rough".< [...] Rockall – an islet or rock stack in the North Atlantic Ocean thought to be the eroded core of an extinct volcano. It rises sheer to a height of approximately 21.4 metres and is regularly washed over by large waves in stormy weather. In January 1993 a record North Atlantic low pressure of 914 mb was recorded: "Rockall, Malin, Hebrides, Bailey. Southwest hurricane force 12 or more". The area is an extremely fertile fishing ground and in the 1860’s became popular with trawlers. As the volume of shipping increased so did the risks. One of the worst accidents was when the three-thousand-ton liner Norge struck the reef en route from Copenhagen to New York. The seas were so rough that nearly half of the Norge’s lifeboats were smashed and 600 people drowned.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-12-01): Who owns Rockall? The isolated Atlantic outcrop has generated fierce nationalist rivalries since the first Royal Navy expedition scrambled ashore in 1810. [...] Possession of Rockall, 240 miles (386km) west of the Scottish mainland, was for many decades deemed imperative in order to generate claims to the vast tracts of surrounding fisheries and the oil-rich Atlantic seabed. [...] The UK, however, is not the only state eager to gain control of the Hatton/Rockall basin. Ireland, Iceland and Denmark (on behalf of the Faroes) have also lodged overlapping claims.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-05-09): The UK landed military personnel on the Rock in the 1950s has long laid claim to Rockall, although that claim has never been recognised by the international community. [...] Unfortunately for the Tones' the Irish government agreed sea boundaries with the UK in 1988 - which put Rockall in British territory - as illustrated on this map from the Department of Foreign Affairs. "While Ireland has not recognised British sovereignty over Rockall, it has never sought to claim sovereignty for itself. The consistent position of successive Irish Governments has been that Rockall and similar rocks and skerries have no significance for establishing legal claims to mineral rights in the adjacent seabed or to fishing rights in the surrounding seas," the Dail was told in response to a parliamentary question from Catherine Murphy in 2012 over the stance of the rock.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-08): Who owns Rockall? The isolated Atlantic outcrop is in the news after the Scottish government warned Ireland it will send its fisheries patrol vessels to force Irish fishing boats to leave a 12-mile (19km) zone around the tiny disputed island. But Rockall made headlines long before Friday. [...] Possession of Rockall, 386km (240 miles) west of the Scottish mainland, was for many decades deemed imperative in order to generate claims to the vast tracts of surrounding fisheries and the oil-rich Atlantic seabed. [...] The UK, however, is not the only state eager laying claim to the the Hatton/Rockall basin. Ireland, Iceland and Denmark (on behalf of the Faroes) have also lodged overlapping claims.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-27): British claims to ownership of Rockall – the isolated Atlantic outcrop jutting out of a potentially vast and lucrative oilfield around 240 miles west of Scotland – is to be examined within weeks by the UN. [...] The 1972 Island of Rockall Act formally declared it as part of Invernesshire, even though the nearest permanently inhabited settlement is 228 miles away in the Outer Hebrides. [...] Rockall, nonetheless, sits on a plateau claimed by all four nations. Britain and Ireland have agreed a common marine border that leaves Rockall in the UK sector.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-30): Rockall - a tiny disputed territory Rockall is an uninhabitable granite islet situated in the North Atlantic Ocean (and a familiar name from the shipping forecast). The United Kingdom claims that Rockall lies within its exclusive economic zone and is part of its territory, but this claim is not recognised by several neighbouring countries. [...] The 1972 Island of Rockall Act, passed by parliament in Westminster, formally declared Rockall to be part of Inverness-shire. The UK, however, is not the only state laying claim to the area. Ireland, Iceland and Denmark (on behalf of the Faroes) have also lodged overlapping claims. In recent years there have been international disputes between Ireland and Scotland over the rich fishing around the rock.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-05-23): I continued on until I found the harbor. Once at the harbor, I realized how starving I was and stopped at a little stand that sold fish and chips. I talked with the owner for a little while before I found a unique "play" area titled Rockall Embassy. I put that in quotations because it was an area built completely out of wood and looked like a playground. However, there were lots of messages in it about if you were to build a society, how would you build it and what would the values be. There was a boat and a maze and a restaurant and everything was empty, leaving a creative but also eerie feeling to it.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-10): On 10th February 1972 the Island of Rockall, 250 miles west into the Atlantic formally became part of Scotland. [...] Speaking at the time, one of the activists is quoted as saying: "The seas around Rockall, potentially rich in oil, are fought over by four nations - Britain, Denmark, Iceland and Ireland."By seizing Rockall, Greenpeace claims these seas for the planet and all its peoples." They raised a new flag on the rock - the flag of the "Global State of Waveland" - establishing Rockall as the capital of an entirely new country.But they did not want to own Rockall - Greenpeace said it wanted to borrow it until it was "freed from the threat of development."It was a "virtual nation" in the early days of the internet with citizenship offered to anyone prepared to take a pledge to defend nature and act peacefully. Over the next few months, more than 15,000 applied for citizenship.
Claim: Rockall is a territory of Iceland (Rockall, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-26): Rockall is an island which covers about half the area of an ice-hockey rink, sitting 260 miles (418km) west of Scotland’s Western Isles. It was thrust into the headlines earlier this month when the Scottish Government warned that vessels from the Republic of Ireland could be boarded if they fish within 12 miles (19km) of the rock formation. [...] But Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar told his parliament earlier this month: "Rockall is a rock, essentially a sea stack in the middle of the ocean. It’s uninhabitable, uninhabited and I don’t think it is something that Ireland and Scotland should fight over. We don’t have a claim on it. We don’t accept any other sovereign claim on it." [...] Indeed, amid the Scottish-Irish dispute, Iceland also fired its own shot across the bows of the Rockall standoff. Last week, the small Nordic island reaffirmed its national claim by declaring that "the Hatton-Rockall area is part of the Icelandic continental shelf".