copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of India (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): In April 2013 India claimed, referencing their own perception[54] of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) location, that Chinese troops had established a camp in the Daulat Beg Oldi sector, 10 km (6.2 mi) on their side of the Line of Actual Control. This figure was later revised to a 19 km (12 mi) claim. According to Indian media, the incursion included Chinese military helicopters entering Indian airspace to drop supplies to the troops. However, Chinese officials denied any trespassing having taken place.[55][56] Soldiers from both countries briefly set up camps on the ill-defined frontier facing each other, but the tension was defused when both sides pulled back soldiers in early May.[57] In September 2014, India and China had a standoff at the LAC, when Indian workers began constructing a canal in the border village of Demchok, Ladakh, and Chinese civilians protested with the army's support. It ended after about three weeks, when both sides agreed to withdraw troops.[58] The Indian army claimed that the Chinese military had set up a camp 3 km (1.9 mi) inside territory claimed by India.[59] According to scholar Harsh V. Pant, China gains territory with every incursion.[60]
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of India (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-24): As India and China resumed the Corps Commander talks on January 24 to address the nine month-long standoff along the Line of Actual Control in eastern Ladakh, a village head from one of the border villages claimed that Chinese vehicles were using Indian roads to enter Indian territory. Urgain Tsewang, nambardaar (village head) of Koyul (Kakjung), one of the last settlements in Demchok sector, shared a video with The Hindu dated December 16, 2020 where two Chinese vehicles are turned away by a group of locals and security personnel. In another video dated December 10, 2020, few Chinese civilians are seen taking photographs of the area, with their vehicles parked nearby.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of India (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-23): For Ishey, the second bridge and "other Chinese encroachments" into the 45km-long (28 miles) Skakjung pastureland in the Demchok-Koyul sector in Ladakh have snatched their sense of safety and rights over land owned by the nomads for generations. [...] Nomadic tribes such as the Changpas living in the sector’s villages – Dumchele, Demchok, Chumur, Tsaga La, Koyul and Loma – say they are losing access to grazing lands, which are already shrinking since the conflict intensified in 2020. [...] "Today, we cannot go up to our pasturelands in Dumchele. In the past, we travelled beyond the disputed Demchok sector for cattle grazing. As of today, China deprives us of access to grazing land in Dumchele and areas such as Kigunaru, which are now under Chinese control."
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of India (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The second reason is as grave and is presently relevant. After months of infructuous exchanges, Zhang Hanfu conceded that "traders customarily using this route might continue such use but an oral understanding to that effect between two delegations would suffice, [China] would not like in writing, even by implication, to have any reference to ladakh." It meant that China considered ladakh a ‘disputed area.’ Kaul informed Delhi: "We have taken [the] position that ladakh is Indian territory and route should be mentioned as its omission would be invidious." But China did not accept the Indian contention and "after considerable argument [Zhang] agreed, but subsequently withdrew [his agreement]." India had finally to concur to the Chinese formulation. Demchok was mentioned nowhere. The present incursions are not innocent.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of India (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-09-29): The recent military stand-off in Chumar-Demchok area in Ladakh region appears to have been resolved without loss of face on either side. The External Affairs Minister Smt. Sushma Swaraj informed the press of this development at New York on September 23, 2014. The last year’s incident in Depsang Plains and the recent one almost 250-km South in Demchok and Chumar have some similarities and some differences. In both cases the PLA/People’s Armed Police Forces personnel in sizeable strength had intruded into the territory controlled and claimed by India. Both the incidents lasted more than two weeks each during which the assertiveness of the Chinese troops was on full display. However, there were some important differences as well. In the case of Depsang incident, although the area intruded was beyond the 1960 claim line of China and also beyond the farthest line up to which Chinese army had reached during 1962 War, the LAC in this area has not been mutually agreed upon. Chumar area, on the other hand, was never contested till recently and was beyond the Chinese claim line of 1960. This area has always been under the effective control of India. In the case of Depsang incident, there were reports of an armoured division being present at Shahidullah and the intruding troops being in communication with this force indicating that the Chinese were ready to escalate the conflict. Interestingly, there was no concentration of Chinese troops in the near vicinity of Chumar-Demchok area. Last year’s intrusion was termed as ‘accidental’ by China and their Foreign Ministry expressed ignorance about the incident - at least in the initial stages.
Claim: Demchok sector is a territory of India (Demchok sector, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): (TibetanReview.net, Jul29’24) – As it continues the border standoff across India’s eastern Ladakh, there is no let-up in China’s building of border security villages, referred to as Xiaokang villages, in occupied Tibet, of which 624 had reportedly been built between 2018 and 2022. Fortifying its position along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh, China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) troops have started constructing a new village along the LAC in the Demchok sector, reported deccanchronicle.com Jul 28. [...] Depsang and Demchok are two points in Ladakh where the standoff continues between the Indian Army and the PLA. The Chinese have pitched tents at Charding Nonong Nallah in Demchok to prevent access to Indian troops in the area, a post-2020 development, the report said.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-23): Ingwavuma is a town in the Umkhanyakude District Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is unclear where the name of the town came from; one theory is that it was named after the Ngwavuma River while another is that there was a leader called Vuma, the name then meaning "Vuma's place" in Zulu. Trees found on the river bank are also named Ngwavuma (Elaeodendron transvaalense or Bushveld Saffron) but it is unclear which entity was named after which (person, river, town or trees). It is over 700 metres (2,297 feet) above sea level in the Lebombo Mountains and boasts several highly scenic spots. The town is three kilometres (2 miles) from the country's border with Eswatini and overlooks the plains of Maputaland to the East. History [edit]Zulu king Dingane was assassinated and buried in the nearby Hlatikhulu Forest in 1840. Ingwavuma was founded by Sir Charles Saunders of Eshowe in 1895 as a magistracy for the Ngwavuma region. During the Second Boer War in 1899 the settlement was razed to the ground by a Boer commando under the command of Joachim Ferreira. The serving magistrate, B. Colenbrander, escaped with his staff to the flats below and eventually found his way to Ubombo. Ingwavuma remained desolate until 1900 when it was re-established and the magistrate returned.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-01): The Ngwavuma[2] is a river in Eswatini and KwaZulu-Natal Province in southern Africa. It is also known as the Inguavuma, Ingwavuma, Ingwovuma, and Nggwavuma, and is one of the five major rivers in Eswatini.[3] It arises in southwestern Eswatini and flows eastward. It is a tributary of the Pongola River.[4] The principal towns in Eswatini along the Ngwavuma are Nhlangano and Nsoko.[3] Notes [edit]- ^ Dictionary of Southern African Place Names - ^ Ngwavuma (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency - ^ a b Ünver, Olcay, ed. (2009). "Swaziland". The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Facing the Challenges. London: Earthscan for World Water Assessment Programme, UNESCO. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-84407-840-0.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Facts and figures on Ingwavuma at a glance Name: Ingwavuma (Ingwavuma)Status: Place [...] Ingwavuma is located in the region of KwaZulu-Natal. KwaZulu-Natal's capital Pietermaritzburg (Pietermaritzburg) is approximately 317 km / 197 mi away from Ingwavuma (as the crow flies). The distance from Ingwavuma to South Africa's capital Pretoria (Pretoria) is approximately 410 km / 255 mi (as the crow flies).
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-31): It was established, Pretoria claimed, to cater for the interests of the Swazis within the borders of the Republic of South Africa. The first leader of the Swazi Territorial Authority administration was Prince Johannes Mkolishi Dlamini, the Chief of the Embhuleni Royal Kraal in Badplaas. The establishment of the Authority was preceded by disruptive events. In 1975, the forced removals of the people from Kromkrans, Doringkop and elsewhere, in the so-called black spots in white areas, to settlements like Kromdraai (Ekulindeni) started. In 1976, the majority of the people from Kromkrans were settled on the farm Eerstehoek. [...] After some time without responding at all to the intensified mobilisation, the government of South Africa found another way to force independence on KaNgwane: it announced the incorporation of KaNgwane territory and Ingwavuma region of the then ‘homeland’ of KwaZulu into the Kingdom of Swaziland, the so-called land deal between the government of the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland. [...] - ^ Senftleben, Wolfgang (1984). "Swaziland's Proposed Land Deal with South AfricaThe Case of Ingwavuma and Kangwane". Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America. 17 (4): 493–501. JSTOR 43109383.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Ingwavuma as a destination [...] credit card, SID instant EFT, bank transfer. - All Ingwavuma property owners / managers are verified (our experience protects you from online fraud). [...] Destination Ingwavuma - By type in Ingwavuma - Ingwavuma Accommodation - Ingwavuma Hotels - Ingwavuma Bed & Breakfast - Ingwavuma Self Catering - & Holiday Apartments & Suites - & Holiday Cottages & Chalets - Ingwavuma Conferences - Ingwavuma Honeymoons - Destinations near Ingwavuma - Hluhluwe, Jozini, Kosi Bay, Kuleni Game Park, Lake Sibaya, Mabibi, Manguzi, Mkuze, Mkuze Game Reserve, Mtubatuba, Ndumo, Sodwana Bay, St Lucia - Resources for tourists - About Ingwavuma - Things To Do - Attractions - Reviews
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): [email protected] Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 5 July 2020; Published: 16 September 2020 Abstract: Physical activity, among others, confers cardiovascular, mental, and skeletal health beneﬁts to people of all age-groups and health states. It reduces the risks associated with cardiovascular disease and therefore, could be useful in rural South Africa where cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is increasing. The objective of this study was to examine levels and correlates of physical activity among adults in the Ingwavuma community in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Self-reported data on physical activity from 392 consenting adults (female, n = 265; male, n = 127) was used. We used the one-sample t-test to assess the level of physical activity and a two-level multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between total physical activity (TPA) and independent predictors. The weekly number of minutes spent on all physical activities by members of the Ingwavuma community was 912.2; standard deviation (SD) (870.5), with males having 37% higher physical activity (1210.6 min, SD = 994.2) than females (769.2, SD = 766.3). Livelihood activities constituted 65% of TPA, and sport and recreation contributed 10%. Participants without formal education (20%), those underweight (27%), and the obese (16%) had low physical activity.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Ingwavuma is a small rural town, nestled deep in the countryside of the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Part of the Umkhanyakude District Municipality, Ingwavuma enjoys the hot, humid conditions typical of this part of South Africa for some of the year. However, being situated in the mountains and 700 metres above sea level, the climate can be cooler and more extreme than along the balmy coastline. [...] This little town was established in 1850, and was burnt to the ground during the Second Boer War in 1899. It was re-established the following year. Thanks to the rich Zulu culture and the fascinating history of British and Boer settlers, Ingwavuma continues to be full of heritage; inviting visitors from South Africa and all over the world to come and learn about the people and the place. Ingwavuma occupies only 1.74 square kilometres and is home to about 1 500 people. It has a number of schools, a hospital and a small shopping centre. The entire area is rural, however, and the facilities and services remain compromised by a lack of funds.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-28): Ingwavuma is a town in the Umkhanyakude District Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is unclear where the name of the town came from; one theory is that it was named after the Ngwavuma River while another is that there was a leader called Vuma, the name then meaning "Vuma's place" in Zulu. Trees found on the river bank are also named Ngwavuma (Elaeodendron transvaalense or Bushveld Saffron) but it is unclear which entity was named after which (person, river, town or trees). It is over 700 metres (2,297 feet) above sea level in the Lebombo Mountains and boasts several highly scenic spots. The town is three kilometres (2 miles) from the country's border with Eswatini and overlooks the plains of Maputaland to the East. [...] The Ngwavuma is a river in Eswatini and KwaZulu-Natal Province in southern Africa. It is also known as the Inguavuma, Ingwavuma, Ingwovuma, and Nggwavuma, and is one of the five major rivers in Eswatini. It arises in southwestern Eswatini and flows eastward. It is a tributary of the Pongola River.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-01): Ingwavuma is a town in the Umkhanyakude District Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is unclear where the name of the town came from; one theory is that it was named after the Ngwavuma River while another is that there was a leader called Vuma, the name then meaning "Vuma's place" in Zulu. Trees found on the river bank are also named Ngwavuma (Elaeodendron transvaalense or Bushveld Saffron) but it is unclear which entity was named after which (person, river, town or trees). It is over 700 metres (2,297 feet) above sea level in the Lebombo Mountains and boasts several highly scenic spots. The town is three kilometres (2 miles) from the country's border with Eswatini and overlooks the plains of Maputaland to the East. Zulu king Dingane was assassinated and buried in the nearby Hlatikhulu Forest in 1840. Ingwavuma was founded by Sir Charles Saunders of Eshowe in 1895 as a magistracy for the Ngwavuma region. During the Second Boer War in 1899 the settlement was razed to the ground by a Boer commando under the command of Joachim Ferreira. The serving magistrate, B. Colenbrander, escaped with his staff to the flats below and eventually found his way to Ubombo. Ingwavuma remained desolate until 1900 when it was re-established and the magistrate returned. [...] Ingwavuma is located on top of a mountain in the Lebombo mountain range with several caves in its vicinity. To the west it overlooks the plains of Eswatini. East the hills drop towards the Maputaland while the Lebombo mountain range continues north towards Mozambique and south towards Jozini.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-22): Ingwavuma: StarLion on Earth Ingwavuma Day celebrates the life of both a winged StarLion (Ingwavuma I) and a future king (Ingwavuma II). They remind us that we are living in prophetic times, beyond the clock. In this 13th hour, we are called to lead lives of authenticity, reverence for and purposeful service to Nature. [...] Like all the StarLions in the HeartLands, Ingwavuma II is a living myth. His very existence reminds us of our stellar identity and higher purpose. As we celebrate this Ingwavuma Day, let us recommit to fulfilling our sacred contract and embodying LionHeartedness – that quality of fearlessness, inspired by love and respect for the natural world that enables us to change our human world for the better.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-02-22): The real Ingwavuma story
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-07-30): The South African government was to grant self-government to KaNgwane. This move was seen as confirmation that it had finally abandoned its land deal with Swaziland, of which KaNgwane was to have been part. South Africa and Swaziland were not new to conflicting claims about land. In September 1982, the Appeal Court in Bloemfontein ruled that the Presidential Proclamation issued in June 1982, claiming to restore Ingwavuma, in then-named Natal, to South African jurisdiction, was null and void since the State President had acted improperly. The territory in question was formally designated in 1977 with the name of AmaSwazi, and its destination was to be transferred to Swaziland. Later, this attempt failed after popular protests in 1982 and was dissolved. Two years later, the homeland was recreated and renamed KaNgwane. Subsequently, it was announced that a Commission under the chairmanship of Judge Frans Rumpff, would be appointed to investigate and report on conflicting claims between KwaZulu and Swaziland. O’Malley, P. ‘1982’, from Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory, [online], available at www.sahistory.org.za (Accessed: 22 July 2013)|South African History Online, ‘The Appeal Court in Bloemfontein restores Ingwavuma to South Africa’, [online], available at www.sahistory.org.za (Accessed: 23 July 2013)|Berry, B. (2007), ‘KaNgwane (South African homeland)’, from CRW Flags, [online], available at www.sahistory.org.za (Accessed: 23 July 2013)
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-01-01): The Government Gazette publishes a Proclamation by which the forty-two member KaNgwane Legislative Assembly is dissolved, and, together with the Ingwavuma district, placed under the direct control of the Department of Cooperation and Development, despite the opposition of the great majority of the Legislative Assembly. [...] The Durban Supreme Court cancels the state's announcement of 18 June 1982 that it has repossessed the Ingwavuma region of KwaZulu, on the grounds that the government did not meet its legal obligation to consult fully with the KwaZulu authorities before making its announcement. The State President responds by issuing a new Proclamation, under a different law, once again placing Ingwavuma under government control. [...] The Appeal Court in Bloemfontein rules that the Presidential Proclamation issued in June, purporting to restore Ingwavuma to South African jurisdiction, is null and void since the State President acted ultra vires. It is announced that a Commission under the chairmanship of Frans Rumpff, will be appointed to investigate and report on conflicting claims between KwaZulu and Swaziland.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-09-12): We’ve seen some exciting developments on all fronts here over the past month or so. Here are a few of the highlights: The "Formidable Foursome" as the Tsau Pride is known, continue to integrate well as a group. Life with The Royal Trinity, Queen Zihra, Nebu and Assagaia, is intense and sometimes heated, but they’re slowly bonding. Over at the Akeru Pride, Letaba has fully integrated with his son, Ingwavuma II, who grows in confidence daily. [...] Letaba is fully integrated with his son (Ingwavuma II), whose mother, Khanyesi and auntie, Khanyisa roam the protected territory. Our future king, Ingwavuma, grows in confidence daily, and has started to go on short adventures on his own, under the close watchful eye of his protective mother and auntie!
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Where is Ingwavuma, North Uthungulu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, location on the map of South Africa. Exact geographical coordinates, latitude and longitude — -27.132188, 31.9942293. Ingwavuma is located in the time zone South Africa Standard Time. Official currency — ZAR (South African Rand).
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-03): He became embroiled in a controversy over the annexation of the territory of Ingwavuma and carried out the government's policy of forced removals of communities, including the celebrated case of the Mogopa people, who were ousted from their traditional home. Koornhof signed the removal order. When a court reversed the order, another department closely associated with Koornhof's expropriated the land under a different law. Six years after the Mogopa were uprooted, the high court of South Africa gave them permission to return to their land. By that time Koornhof was in Washington.
Claim: Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa (Ingwavuma, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2002-01-01): Common names: bushveld saffron (Eng.); bosveldsaffraan, lepelhout (Afr.); iNgwavuma, uMgugudo (Zulu); shimapana (Tsonga); monamane (Northern Sotho) [...] The wood of bushveld saffron is pale whitish and brittle. It has been used to make cattle troughs, spoons, ladles, headrests and tobacco pipes. The local people regard the bark of this tree as one of the best medicines for stomach problems and fever. An infusion made from the bark is drunk as a general stomach conditioner. The same infusion is also used as an enema to relieve stomach-ache and fevers. The bark has a faint aromatic scent and is said to brew tea with a pleasant flavour, and this tea improves appetite. Bark is commonly sold by herbalists as uMgugudo or iNgwavuma. It contains more than 13% tannin, and therefore is used for tanning. AmaZulu believe that a small piece of the bark placed in a gourd of curdled milk improves the quality of the milk. [...] The district of iNgwavuma in KwaZulu-Natal is named after the IsiZulu name of the tree; the two specimens in Zimbabwe near Bulawayo, known as Mzilikazi's Tree and Baden-Powell's Tree, are both Elaeodendron transvaalense.