copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Ashmore and Cartier Islands are an uninhabited external territory of Australia. They are located to the northwest of the mainland, near Rote Island in Indonesia. They do not have a flag.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-05-15): Travel Guide Overseas Territories Overseas Territories Ashmore and Cartier Islands The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is an uninhabited external territory of Australia consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs, and the 12 nautical mile territorial sea generated by the islands. The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 kilometres off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 kilometres south of the Indonesian island of Rote. The territory includes 155.4 km2 Ashmore Reef (including West, Middle, and East Islands, and two lagoons within the reef) and 44.0 km2 Cartier Reef (including Cartier Island). They have a total of 74.1 km of shoreline, measured along the outer edge of the reef. There are no ports or harbours, only offshore anchorage.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2005-11-28): Keywords: ashmore and cartier islands | australia: external territory | [...] Ashmore and Cartier Islands came under British control during the 19th century. Under the Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act (1933), they became a territory of The Commonwealth of Australia. This act was amended in 1938 to place them under the Northern Territory. [...] The official designation from the Australian government is "Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands Adjacent Area" in the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act (1967). While petroleum activities are under the control of the Commonwealth of Australia, they are managed under agreement by the Nothern Territory.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-06-27): The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is made up of the West, Middle and East Islands of Ashmore Reef as well as Cartier Island and the surrounding 12 nautical mile Territorial sea. The islands are uninhabited, small, low and composed of coral and sand, with some grass cover. [...] Cartier Island is located in the West Sahul region of the Indian Ocean at 12°31'50.8" S, 123°33'18.8" E. The island is about 300 kilometres off Australia's Kimberley coast, 200 kilometres south of the Indonesian island of Roti and 70 kilometres from Ashmore Reef. The surrounding reef flat rises steeply from the surrounding depths. Cartier Island is an unvegetated sand cay at the centre of the reef. Cartier Island is 70 kilometres east of Ashmore Reef in the West Sahul region of the Indian Ocean at 12°31' S, 123°33' E. The island is about 300 kilometres off Australia's Kimberley coast and 200 kilometres south of the Indonesian island of Roti. The reef flat surrounding Cartier Island rises steeply from the surrounding depths to an unvegetated sand cay at its centre.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-12-15): This nation is number 15 on my list: "Ashmore and Cartier Islands." So why is this a problem? Well, quite simply, no one lives on Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and as far as I can tell, no one ever has. These two islands are part of a larger marine reserve that is governed by Australia. It is populated only by non-human species, and unless I am mistaken, none of them know how to cook. [...] Ashmore and Cartier Islands, as it turns out, are traditional fishing grounds for Indonesian fishermen, who have been using the waters there for centuries to harvest sea cucumber, trochus (a mollusk valued for its shell), shark fin, abalone, green snail, sponges (poor SpongeBob) and clams. Because most of these species were threatened by overfishing, in 1974 Australia and Indonesia drafted a memorandum of understanding (MoU) that allowed "traditional" Indonesian fisherman to continue to use the waters surrounding the two islands, subject to limitations.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Ashmore and Cartier Islands, external territory of Australia, in the Indian Ocean. The islands lie 200 miles (320 km) northwest of Western Australia state and some 105 miles (170 km) southwest of the island of Roti, Indonesia. The Ashmore Islands, comprising Middle, East, and West islands, are coral islets within a reef. Cartier Island, also lying within a reef, is sandier in composition. The islands and their surrounding waters were visited by Indonesian fishermen beginning about 1700. The first European to reach Cartier Island, in 1800, was a British sea captain named Nash, who sailed aboard the Cartier. Ashmore Reef was discovered in February 1811 by Capt. Samuel Ashmore of the ship Hibernia, for which another nearby reef was named. American whaling ships plied the area in the 1850s. Great Britain and the United States both claimed possession of the islands; Britain finally annexed Ashmore in 1878 and Cartier in 1909. In the late 19th century West Island was exploited for its deposits of phosphate, an activity that removed most of the island’s topsoil.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): A diverse group of territories claimed or controlled by Australia, the Australian External Territories are, except for the Antarctic Territory, islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans. The Antarctica claim covers a huge portion of that continent. The other external territories are Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, and Norfolk Island. Australia also controls several miles of ocean surrounding each. The territories account for virtually every type of climate and are home to myriad animal species, but they have few human inhabitants. [...] The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is composed of two groups of islands and reefs in the Indian Ocean about 200 miles (320 kilometers) off the northwest Australian coast. The territory, with an area of 2 square miles (5 square kilometers), is uninhabited. However, it adjoins underwater oil fields that are important to both Australia and Indonesia. Ashmore Reef was made a national nature reserve in 1983, and the Cartier Island Marine Reserve was established in 2000. Illegal fishing is a major environmental issue.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-01): Indonesian fishermen have long fished in the area around Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island. British explorers were the first Europeans to see Cartier Island and Ashmore Reef in 1800 and 1811, respectively. American whalers frequently sailed by the islands in the 1850s and later settled to mine the phosphate deposits on Ashmore Reef, which were exhausted by 1891. The UK disputed US access to Ashmore Reef and formally annexed it in 1878. Cartier Island was annexed in 1909. In 1931, the UK transferred the islands to Australia, which accepted them in 1934 as part of Western Australia. In 1938, Australia transferred governance to the Northern Territory. During World War II, the islands saw several Allied ship visits and post-war, Cartier Island became a bombing range. In 1978, governance of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was moved to the federal government. Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island became marine reserves in 1983 and 2000 respectively. [...] Country name conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands etymology: named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800 [...] Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-06): The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands comprises four islands totaling an area of 5 km2 situated in the Indian Ocean, as well as the 12 nautical mile territorial sea generated by these islands. The Ashmore Islands consist of three coral islets enclosed by a reef which are respectively named the Middle, East and West islands; the fourth island, Cartier Island, is also surrounded by a reef but is sandier in composition. Both islands are low-lying in nature. The Ashmore and Cartier Islands are uninhabited, and most parts of the territory are closed to visitors. Only parts of the Ashmore Islands are allowed access by Indonesian fishermen exercising traditional fishing under a Memorandum of Understanding signed by the Australian and Indonesian governments in 1974. These fishermen are permitted to land on the West Islands for limited purposes, including replenishing fresh water, visiting graves, and taking shelter. The territory also receives naval visits and patrols, which guard against any illegal foreign fishing activity undertaken by suspected crews. Cartier Island is off-limits for all visitors as it was formerly a bombing and air weapons range used for defence in World War II and is now affected by possibly unexploded ordnance. Access to any other part of the Ashmore Islands or the Cartier Islands requires an additional permit granted by the Australian government.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-01-01): Ashmore Reef Marine Park is in the Australian External Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 630 kilometres north of Broome and 111 kilometres south of the Indonesian island of Roti. [...] The Ashmore Reef Ramsar Site lies entirely within Ashmore Reef Marine Park. It was declared because the islands and surrounding waters are important for the seabirds, shorebirds and other marine life they support. [...] Ashmore Reef and the nearby Cartier Island Marine Park provide great habitats for them. The number and types of seasnakes were once high.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-31): Cartier Island is an uninhabited and unvegetated sand cay in a platform reef in the Timor Sea, north of Australia and south of Indonesia. It is within the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands, an external territory of Australia. The land area of Cartier Island is about 0.4 hectares (1.0 acre).[1] It is located at 12°31′S 123°33′E / 12.517°S 123.550°E, on the edge of the Sahul Shelf, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) off the north west coast of Western Australia, 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Roti, and 70 kilometres (43 mi) south-east of Ashmore Reef. [...] Cartier Island is within an area subject to a Memorandum of Understanding (known as the MOU Box) signed by Australia and Indonesia in 1974 and reviewed in 1989, which provided for continued Indonesian traditional fishing within limits.[4] [...] References [edit]- ^ "Ashmore and Cartier Islands". Commonwealth of Nations. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-04-14): The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands[1] is an uninhabited Australian external territory[2] consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs (Ashmore and Cartier), as well as the 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea generated by the islands.[3] The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 km (199 mi) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km (89 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Rote.[3] [...] Ashmore has been regularly visited and fished by Indonesian fishermen since the early eighteenth century. A 1974 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Australia and Indonesia sets out arrangements by which traditional fishers can access resources in Australia's territorial sea in the region. This allows traditional Indonesian fishermen to access parts of Ashmore for shelter, freshwater and to visit grave sites. The area, known as the MOU Box, contains the Ashmore and Cartier Islands Territory.[18] [...] The area around the Ashmore and Cartier Islands has been a traditional fishing ground of Indonesian fishermen for centuries, and continues. In the 1850s, American whalers operated in the region.[3] Outside of fishing, the islands were historically used as sources of guano, beche-de-mer, trochus and tortoiseshell.[12] Mining of phosphate deposits took place on Ashmore Island in the latter half of the 19th century.[3]
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-01-01): The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands[1] is an uninhabited external territory[2] of Australia consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs, and the 12 nautical mile territorial sea generated by the islands. The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 km (199 mi) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km (89 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Rote.[3] [...] External links - Ashmore and Cartier Islands entry at The World Factbook - Geoscience Australia—Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Department of the Environment and Heritage—Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve - Department of the Environment and Heritage—Cartier Island Commonwealth Marine Reserve - First on list of Australian islands - "Ashmore Reef Belongs to Indonesia," posted on East Timor Action Network. [1]
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): Map of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands Ashmore and Cartier Islands was a British overseas territory until 1933, when it became a part of the Northern Territory of Australia . In 1978 its administration was transferred from the Northern Territory to the federal government, and Ashmore and Cartier Islands became an external territory of Australia.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Indonesian fishermen have long fished in the area around Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island. British explorers were the first Europeans to see Cartier Island and Ashmore Reef in 1800 and 1811, respectively. American whalers frequently sailed by the islands in the 1850s and later settled to mine the phosphate deposits on Ashmore Reef, which were exhausted by 1891. The UK disputed US access to Ashmore Reef and formally annexed it in 1878. Cartier Island was annexed in 1909. In 1931, the UK transferred the islands to Australia, which accepted them in 1934 as part of Western Australia. In 1938, Australia transferred governance to the Northern Territory. During World War II, the islands saw several Allied ship visits and post-war, Cartier Island became a bombing range. In 1978, governance of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was moved to the federal government. Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island became marine reserves in 1983 and 2000 respectively. [...] Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands etymology: named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800 [...] Australia-Indonesia: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Indonesian fishermen have long fished in the area around Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island. British explorers were the first Europeans to see Cartier Island and Ashmore Reef in 1800 and 1811, respectively. American whalers frequently sailed by the islands in the 1850s and later settled to mine the phosphate deposits on Ashmore Reef, which were exhausted by 1891. The UK disputed US access to Ashmore Reef and formally annexed it in 1878. Cartier Island was annexed in 1909. In 1931, the UK transferred the islands to Australia, which accepted them in 1934 as part of Western Australia. In 1938, Australia transferred governance to the Northern Territory. During World War II, Cartier Island was used as a bombing range. In 1978, governance of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was moved to the federal government. Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island became marine reserves in 1983 and 2000 respectively. [...] Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island; Ashmore Reef is 840 km west of Darwin and 610 km north of Broome; Cartier Islet is 70 km east of Ashmore Reef [...] Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands etymology: named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-03): The Territory of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Pasir) is the collective name for two groups of small low-lying uninhabited tropical islands. The islands are in the Indian Ocean north-west of Australia and south of the Indonesian island of Roti.[1] The Australian mainland is about 340 kilometres (210 mi) to the southwest, the island of Timor (and Roti next to it) is about 160 kilometres (99 mi) to the north. The territory includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island 70 kilometres (40 mi) east with, a total area of 199.45 square kilometres (77.0 sq mi) within the reefs and including the lagoons, and 114,400 square miles (3.2×1012 sq ft) of dry land. They have a long coastline, over 74 kilometres (46 mi), but there are no ports or harbours, only offshore anchorage. Nearby Hibernia Reef, 42 kilometres (26 mi) northeast of Ashmore Reef, is not part of the territory, because it has no permanently dry land area, although large parts of the reef become exposed during low tide. [...] References [change | change source]- ↑ "Ashmore and Cartier Islands" at CIA World Factbook Archived 2016-05-16 at the Wayback Machine; excerpt, "no indigenous inhabitants"; retrieved 2013-4-19.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-24): Ashmore and Cartier Islands is an Australian external and federal territory off the northwest coast of Western Australia. [...] A British order-in-council dated 23 July 1931 stated that Ashmore and Cartier Islands would be placed under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia when Australia passed legislation to accept them, and formal administration began two years later. The Commonwealth's resulting Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act 1933 came into operation on 10 May 1934, when the islands formally became a territory. The act authorised the Governor of Western Australia to make ordinances for the territory. In July 1938 the territory was annexed to the Northern Territory, then also administered by the Commonwealth, whose laws, ordinances and regulations applied to the Northern Territory. When self-government was granted to the Northern Territory on 1 July 1978, administration of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was retained by the Commonwealth. [...] Landscape [edit]The territory comprises Ashmore Reef, which includes West, Middle, and East Islands, and two lagoons, and Cartier Reef, which includes Cartier Island. Ashmore Reef covers approximately 583 km2 (225.1 sq mi) and Cartier Reef 167 km2 (64 sq mi), both measurements extending to the limits of the reefs.
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands[1] is an uninhabited Australian external territory[2] consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs (Ashmore and Cartier), as well as the 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea generated by the islands.[3] The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 km (199 mi) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km (89 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Rote.[3] [...] Indonesian heritage and memorandum [edit]Ashmore has been regularly visited and fished by Indonesian fishermen since the early eighteenth century. A 1974 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Australia and Indonesia sets out arrangements by which traditional fishers can access resources in Australia's territorial sea in the region. This allows traditional Indonesian fishermen to access parts of Ashmore for shelter, freshwater and to visit grave sites. The area, known as the MOU Box, contains the Ashmore and Cartier Islands Territory.[18] [...] - Geoscience Australia—Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Department of the Environment and Heritage—Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve - Department of the Environment and Heritage—Cartier Island Commonwealth Marine Reserve - First on list of Australian islands - "Ashmore Reef Belongs to Indonesia," posted on East Timor Action Network. [1]
Claim: Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia (Ashmore and Cartier Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-10-17): Is Ashmore Reef part of Australia? That should be a relatively simple question to answer. The reef is an area of approximately 583 square kilometres, and encloses three islands – East, Middle, and West – that make up the Ashmore Island group. The Ashmore Islands and the reef are located 840 kilometres west of Darwin, 610 kilometres north of Broome, and 170 kilometres south of the Indonesian island of Roti. The three Ashmore Islands and adjoining reef have formally been a part of Australia since the Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act 1933 entered into force on 3 May 1934. That followed King George V signing an Order-in-Council on 23 July 1931 placing the islands under Australian control. [...] Does Indonesia have any legitimate claim over the Ashmore Islands? Australian sovereignty over the islands is well settled and uncontested. There is no evidence of any competing formal Indonesian claim to the islands. Indonesia did not raise any diplomatic objections when Australia made submissions in 2004 to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf with respect to a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, which partly relied upon Australia’s claim over the Ashmore Islands. In the absence of any clear Indonesian claim to the islands, and general acceptance in the international community of Australian sovereignty over the islands, there would not appear to be any international legal basis for an Indonesian claim to the islands.