copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2014-11-14): Now, in a study published in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, we’ve also shown that cannabinoids could play a role in treating one of the most aggressive cancers in adults. [...] The psychoactivity associated with some cannabinoids, principally THC (which gives people a cannabis high), is also mediated via the same receptors. Because these receptors are found in the highest abundances in brain cells, it follows that brain tumours also rich in these receptors may respond best to cannabinoids. [...] In principle, patients treated with THC could experience some psychoactive activity. But the secret to successfully exploiting cannabinoids as a treatment for cancer is to balance the desired anti-cancer effects with the less desirable psychoactive effects. This is possible, as some cannabinoids seem to function independently of the receptors and so do not engage the adverse effects. CBD is one such cannabinoid. The doses of THC we selected were below the psychoactive level, but together with CBD it partnered well to give the best overall anti-cancer effect.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2023-10-25): Study Suggests Marijuana Use Damages Brain Immune Cells Vital to Adolescent Development 10/25/2023 In a mouse study designed to explore the impact of marijuana’s major psychoactive compound, THC, on teenage brains, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers say they found changes to the structure of microglia, which are specialized brain immune cells, that may worsen a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. The findings, published Oct. 25 in Nature Communications, add to growing evidence of risk to brain development in adolescents who smoke or eat marijuana products. [...] "This kind of study is critical right now because marijuana is becoming more mainstream, and we are just beginning to understand how it affects the brain immune cells," says Yuto Hasegawa, Ph.D., research associate of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the study’s leading author.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2022-04-01): There have been some small studies in people. Research continues to see if cannabis-based medicines could help in the treatment of some cancers or symptoms. But at the moment, there is no reliable, medical evidence to show whether cannabis, in any form, can effectively and safely treat cancer in humans. [...] It is possible that cannabis may have an effect in treating some types of cancer. But it may make other types of cancer grow or spread more quickly. [...] Cancer Research UK. Cannabis, cannabinoids and cancer – the evidence so far; 2021. Available from: Cannabis, cannabinoids and cancer – the evidence so far - Cancer Research UK - Cancer news [accessed Feb 2022]
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2022-03-11): In contrast to these positive effects, however, another early study on this topic reported that THC increases breast cancer growth and promotes tumour cell spread by inhibiting the antitumour immune response via enhancement of Th2-associated cytokines [138]. However, the study design used here was to exclude the direct growth inhibitory effect of cannabinoids on tumour cells in order to focus on the cannabinoid effect on the immune system. For this reason, tumour cells whose expression of cannabinoid receptors was low to undetectable were used in the experiments. This report was consistent with another, even earlier study that had observed tumour growth accelerating effects of THC based on reduced tumour immunogenicity [139]. A recent publication further reported that as a result of CB2 receptor-induced microglial M2 polarisation, conditioned media of cannabinoid-treated microglial cells increased rather than inhibited the angiogenic capacities of human brain microvascular endothelial cells [140]. The M2 polarisation induced by JWH-133 was demonstrated here by mRNA analyses showing increased levels of the M2 subtype markers CD206, arginase-1 (Arg1) and the chitinase-like protein Ym1 and decreased levels of the M1 subtype markers CD68, CD86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2022-05-04): Cannabis is an ancient plant that has been used for rituals and medicine for 5,000 years. People with cancer have turned to cannabis — better known as weed or marijuana — to relieve effects of both the illness and the treatment. Because of its ever-changing legal status, studies have been limited. So what do we really know about its safety and effectiveness? [...] What does marijuana do for cancer symptoms and treatment side effects? [...] To learn more about cannabis and cancer, tune in to this episode of Cancer Straight Talk from MSK.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2021-02-24): Cannabis and its derivatives are being used increasingly by patients with cancer, including patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy. Despite promising preclinical data suggesting potential anti-cancer effects for cannabinoids in GBM, clinical and safety data are lacking. This editorial will discuss a recent Phase 1b trial of nabiximols oromucosal spray in combination with dose-intense temozolomide in patients with recurrent GBM in the context of other relevant findings in this field. [...] A pilot study of intracranial THC administration directly into the surgical cavity of nine patients with recurrent, resected GBM showed a reduction in tumour cell proliferation in the two patients who had further biopsies on the study.6 While this approach appeared tolerable, outcomes in this study remained poor. Anecdotal reports and case series suggesting anti-cancer efficacy of cannabinoid preparations in patients with GBM10 are limited by possible selection bias, other concomitant or recent treatments with proven efficacy, and potential issues with pseudo-progression after such treatments. [...] Likar, R., Koestenberger, M., Stultschnig, M. & Nahler, G. Concomitant treatment of malignant brain tumours with CBD - A case series and review of the literature. Anticancer Res.39, 5797–5801 (2019).
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2014-11-01): Cannabis as an Anticancer Agent: A Review of Clinical Data and Assessment of Case Reports - PMID: 34370591 - PMCID: PMC8864433 - DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0045 Cannabis as an Anticancer Agent: A Review of Clinical Data and Assessment of Case Reports [...] Keywords: antineoplastic; cancer; cannabis; marijuana.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2022-03-24): Cannabis Biomolecule Effects on Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Cytotoxic, Anti-Proliferative, and Anti-Migratory Activities Cancer is a complex family of diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. Gliomas are primary brain tumors that account for ~80% of all malignant brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, invasive, and lethal subtype of glioma. Therapy resistance and intra-GBM tumoral heterogeneity are promoted by subpopulations of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Cannabis sativa produces hundreds of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenes, and phytocannabinoids. Around 160 phytocannabinoids have been identified in C. sativa. Cannabis is commonly used to treat various medical conditions, and it is used in the palliative care of cancer patients. The anti-cancer properties of cannabis compounds include cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory activities on cancer cells and cancer stem cells. The endocannabinoids system is widely distributed in the body, and its dysregulation is associated with different diseases, including various types of cancer. Anti-cancer activities of phytocannabinoids are mediated in glioma cells, at least partially, by the endocannabinoid receptors, triggering various cellular signaling pathways, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Specific combinations of multiple phytocannabinoids act synergistically against cancer cells and may trigger different anti-cancer signaling pathways. [...] Keywords: cancer; cancer stem cells; cannabinoid receptors; cannabis; cytotoxicity; glioblastoma; glioma; phytocannabinoids; synergy.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2019-04-25): While marijuana has been shown to be effective for pain management and cancer chemotherapy-related nausea, the drug does come with side effects and is not a cure-all. The claim that marijuana is non-addictive is untrue, while the claims that it cures cancer and grows brain cells are unsupported by current scientific evidence. [...] Claim #1: Marijuana is non-addictive [...] Claim #3: Marijuana grows brain cells
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2023-08-30): There is a widespread misconception that cannabis is not addictive. "This couldn’t be further from the truth," says D'Souza. "There is compelling evidence from both animal studies and humans that some people get addicted to cannabis (~30%) for reasons we don’t fully understand." Addiction to cannabis is directly related to its THC content. D'Souza believes that the false perception may stem from several decades ago, when the THC content was lower, and the drug was likely less addictive. But as cannabis becomes more potent, he fears that there may be greater rates of addiction in the future.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2018-10-12): 4.9.9 Anti-neoplastic properties - Pre-clinical studies suggest that certain cannabinoids (THC, CBD, CBG, CBC, CBDA) often, but not always block growth of cancer cells in vitro and display a variety of anti-neoplastic effects in vivo, though typically at very high doses that would not be seen clinically. - While limited evidence from one observational study suggests cancer patients use cannabis to alleviate symptoms associated with cancer (e.g. chemosensory alterations, weight loss, depression, pain), there has only been one limited clinical study in patients with glioblastoma multiforme, which reported that intra-tumoural injection of high doses of THC did not improve patient survival beyond that seen with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. [...] - Cannabis should be used with caution in patients with a history of substance abuse, including alcohol abuse, because such individuals may be more prone to abuse cannabis, which itself, is a frequently abused substanceReference 1078Reference 1359Reference 1360 (see Sections 2.4 and 4.9.5.4).
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2024-03-06): 2001 — NIDA-supported animal research shows a single exposure to cocaine induces changes in brain cells that are very similar to long-term potentiation, a process that plays an important role in associating experiences with feelings and motivations.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2005-10-18): Furthermore, compounds found in cannabis have been shown to kill numerous cancer types including: lung cancer [9], breast and prostate [10], leukemia and lymphoma [11], glioma [12], skin cancer [13], and pheochromocytoma [14]. The effects of cannabinoids are complex and sometimes contradicting, often exhibiting biphasic responses. For example, in contrast to the tumor killing properties mentioned above, low doses of THC may stimulate the growth of lung cancer cells in vitro [15]. [...] For example, activation of the nicotine receptors, as is also true of cannabinoid receptors [36], can prevent the brain cell death that results from exposure to beta amyloid protein [37] as occurs in Alzheimer's disease. [...] Hart S, Fischer OM, Ullrich A: Cannabinoids induce cancer cell proliferation via tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17)-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cancer Res. 2004, 64: 1943-1950. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3720.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2021-08-04): A marijuana-like chemical in the brain, mirroring its plant-based counterpart, packs both ups and downs.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2022-01-01): MYTH: Marijuana isn’t addictive [...] Chronic marijuana use can lead to addiction. Research shows that approximately 9 percent, or about 1 in 11, of those who use marijuana will become addicted. This goes up to 17 percent in those who start using while young (in their teens) and increases to 25-50 percent of daily users.6 [...] FACTS: Like alcohol, marijuana and associated THC-containing products are intoxicants and can contribute to impaired judgment and increased susceptibility to mental health problems, including depression, insomnia and paranoid delusions.16
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2016-11-09): Well-supported scientific evidence shows that adolescence is a critical "at-risk period" for substance use and addiction. All addictive drugs, including alcohol and marijuana, have especially harmful effects on the adolescent brain, which is still undergoing significant development. [...] Patterns of alcohol and drug use change over time. New drugs or drug combinations, delivery systems, and routes of administration emerge, and with them new questions for public health. For example, concern is growing that increasing use of marijuana extracts with extremely high amounts of THC could lead to higher rates of addiction among marijuana users. Concerns also are emerging about how new products about which little is known, such as synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones, affect the brain. Additional research is needed to better understand how such products - as well as emerging addictive substances - affect brain function and behavior, and contribute to addiction.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2022-08-03): There have been some early clinical trials of cannabinoids in treating cancer in humans and more studies are planned. While the studies so far have shown that cannabinoids can be safe in treating cancer, they do not show that they help control or cure the disease. Relying on marijuana alone as treatment while avoiding or delaying conventional medical care for cancer may have serious health consequences. [...] Kramer JL. Medical marijuana for cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014 Dec 10.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2019-01-23): The increased prevalence of cancer pain and the impact of the opioid epidemic on cancer pain management—and on managing chronic pain in general—have sparked renewed interest in developing new, nonaddictive pain medications as well as nondrug approaches for managing chronic pain. [...] There’s also a keen interest in using cannabinoids—chemicals found in marijuana—to treat cancer-induced bone pain and some other types of cancer pain, Dr. O’Mara said, although, so far, research in this area is limited to studies in animal models. For example, work by Todd Vanderah, Ph.D., of the University of Arizona, has shown that cannabinoids can reduce severe bone pain and also suppress cancer growth and reduce bone loss in a mouse model of breast cancer that has spread to the bone.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Research has linked the use of cannabis products with an increased likelihood of developing head, neck, or throat cancer,40 particularly in people who smoke cannabis.41 [...] However, risk factors for cannabis use are similar to risk factors for use of other drugs with addiction potential,72 and studies have associated use of cannabis with developing cannabis use disorder. Using these products at a younger age in particular increases the likelihood of developing a cannabis use disorder later in life.73,74 In addition, using cannabis may cause brain changes that can make a person more likely to develop an addiction to other drugs.75 [...] - NIDA also funds research on potential therapeutic uses of cannabis and cannabinoids to reduce use of other substances, including opioids.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2023-08-10): Marijuana is made from the dried leaves and buds of the Cannabis sativa plant. While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hasn't approved the use of the marijuana plant as medicine, many states have legalized marijuana use. [...] - Nausea and vomiting associated with cancer treatment. Research has shown that an active ingredient in marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), effectively reduces nausea and vomiting in people undergoing chemotherapy. [...] However, marijuana use can cause cognitive impairment and should be used with caution if you have a mental health condition. In many places marijuana use is considered illegal for any purpose.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2022-10-12): Other treatments may be available for your particular situation. In some places, it may be legal to use medical marijuana for cancer pain.
Claim: Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells (Anonymous, 2019-04-25)
Evidence (2024-07-17): Using marijuana can cause damage to brain cells and result in a number of concurrent symptoms throughout the body. Some effects of heavy marijuana use on the brain may not be reversible. [...] As recreational marijuana use becomes legalized throughout the US, many people now wonder how marijuana affects the brain and whether or not it kills brain cells. Just as years of heavy alcohol, meth, and heroin use can cause some irreversible brain damage, prolonged marijuana abuse can affect the ability of brain cells to convey messages (also known as brain activity). Using marijuana can cause damage to brain cells that results in a number of concurrent symptoms throughout the body. [...] In addition to the above symptoms, synthetic marijuana can be addictive to individuals who take it. After prolonged use of synthetic marijuana, brain cell activity is likely to decline with a concurrent increase in negative physiological symptoms like the ones above.
Claim: Gargling with warm water and salt or vinegar eliminates the virus [SARS-CoV-2] (Facebook users, 2020-03-14)
Evidence (2020-03-14): There is no evidence to suggest that gargling salt water or vinegar, or partaking in many other home remedies, fight SARS-CoV-2 infection. Upon entering the body, the virus attaches to and enters cells in the airway where it takes over the cells’ machinery, producing more viral particles that spread to other cells. Because the virus hides out in the body’s own cells, it can not be targeted without also killing healthy, uninfected cells. Therefore, fighting viral infections relies on the body’s immune response.
Claim: Gargling with warm water and salt or vinegar eliminates the virus [SARS-CoV-2] (Facebook users, 2020-03-14)
Evidence (2020-03-18): FACT CHECK: Viral Image Claims Gargling Salt Water Or Vinegar ‘Eliminates’ The Coronavirus An image shared on Facebook more than 20,000 times claims gargling warm water with salt or vinegar "eliminates" the new coronavirus. [...] There is no evidence gargling warm water with salt or vinegar protects people from the new coronavirus. No specific treatment or vaccine for COVID-19 is currently available.
Claim: Gargling with warm water and salt or vinegar eliminates the virus [SARS-CoV-2] (Facebook users, 2020-03-14)
Evidence (2020-03-29): FULL CLAIM: Corona virus before it reaches the lungs it remains in the throat for four days and at this time the person begins to cough and have throat pains. If he drinks water a lot and gargling with warm water & salt or vinegar eliminates the virus. The claim that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can be stopped in its tracks by gargling warm water, salt water, or vinegar went viral on Facebook in March 2020, notably through a widely shared meme, receiving hundreds of thousands to millions of interactions in total. This claim is factually inaccurate and unsupported by scientific evidence. [...] In summary, there is no evidence to suggest that gargling warm water, salt water, or vinegar is effective against SARS-CoV-2 in infected tissues, although gargling salt water might ease symptoms of a sore throat. Furthermore, by the time symptoms appear, localized treatments would be completely ineffective because the virus will have already spread to non-targeted tissues. There is currently no vaccine or cure for COVID-19. The best methods of prevention are frequent handwashing, disinfecting surfaces, and avoiding touching your face.
Claim: Gargling with warm water and salt or vinegar eliminates the virus [SARS-CoV-2] (Facebook users, 2020-03-14)
Evidence (2020-06-05): A supposed corona virus prevention formula was circulating on the internet in previous months. According to the text, shared on the WhatsApp platform by Brazilian users, gargling with water, salt and vinegar is sufficient to eliminate the virus from the person’s throat, where it "stays for four days before going to her lung" (data given by the same text message). This mixture, supposedly, will prevent the virus from reaching the lungs and prevent critical medical problems caused by this infection. Soon the message and new variants, were spreading over social media all over the world. [...] "The Corona virus, before reaching the lungs, it remains in the throat for 4 days, this is the time where the person start to cough and have pain in the throat. If she drinks a lot of water and gargles with warm water, salt or vinegar, the virus is eliminated. Spread this information because you can save someone with this." [...] "Gargling can be good to help relieve cough, but saying that warm water, salt and vinegar eliminates the virus is a big nonsense," said Leonardo Weissmann, an infectious disease physician and consultant at the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, in an interview for the news vehicle G1.
Claim: Gargling with warm water and salt or vinegar eliminates the virus [SARS-CoV-2] (Facebook users, 2020-03-14)
Evidence (2022-03-17): Netizens continue to share on Facebook a four-month-old post that wrongly claims gargling with water mixed with salt or vinegar can get rid of the virus causing COVID-19 from one’s throat. [...] The false cure being peddled in the netizen’s March 23 post has already been debunked by the Department of Health (DOH). Disproving an earlier version of the FB post, the DOH said on March 17 "there is no medical evidence that rinsing the throat with warm water and salt or vinegar will eliminate the virus that causes COVID-19." [...] (Before it reaches the lungs, it stays in the throat for four days and in this time, a person starts to cough and his throat becomes painful. If he drinks lots of water and gargles with lukewarm water with salt or vinegar, the virus will be removed.)
Claim: Gargling with warm water and salt or vinegar eliminates the virus [SARS-CoV-2] (Facebook users, 2020-03-14)
Evidence (2022-08-30): Can Covid-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus, be cured by gargling salt or vinegar water? This is the claim in an image doing the rounds on social media. It says that before coronavirus reaches the lungs, it remains in the throat for four days. At this stage, the virus can be "eliminated" by gargling with warm water and salt or vinegar. [...] Click on our guide for the steps you should follow.