copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-08-10): The population of the Tuva Republic is 300,000, the majority of which live in Kyzyl, the Republic’s capital. The rest are scattered randomly around its territory. A journey from one population centre to another can take up to five hours - this is an uninhabited region comprised almost completely of nature reserves, the majority of which don’t even have roads. [...] Tuva was the very last of the republics to come under the Soviet Union. Taiwan still lays claim to Tuvan territory and Tuva remains in a state of war with Germany. The history of Tuva is meandering and complicated, so Tuvans relate to everyone around them in a unique way. [...] What do you think of Taiwan’s claim on Tuvan territory? We asked - A representative of the local administration told us: ‘We don’t even understand ourselves why they have become obsessed with us. Well, let them lay claim, what is it to us?’ he continued: ‘We are still at war with Germany’ he laughs ‘A representative from the Bundestag came to nearby Khakasin and we were there too. We asked him, well, are we going to make peace? - He said it is long overdue. We have yet to get around it though, them and us’. We asked him ‘What do you think of the Russians?’ ‘What is there to think!?" he said in surprise ‘We live alongside them, do you know how many Russians live in Tuva? We have Chinese here and even one American.’
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-29): Tuva (/ˈtuːvə/; Russian: Тува [tʊˈva]) or Tyva (/ˈtɪvə/; Tuvan: Тыва [tʰɤˈʋɐ]), officially the Republic of Tuva,[lower-alpha 1] is a republic of Russia.[13] Tuva lies at the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders the federal subjects of the Altai Republic, Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Khakassia, and Krasnoyarsk Krai, and shares an international border with Mongolia to the south. Tuva has a population of 336,651 (2021 census).[14] Its capital city is Kyzyl, in which more than a third of the population reside. Historically part of Outer Mongolia as Tannu Uriankhai during the Qing dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China, Tuva broke away in 1911 as the Uryankhay Republic following the Xinhai Revolution, which created the Republic of China. It became a Russian protectorate in 1914 and was replaced by the nominally independent Tuvan People's Republic in 1921 (known officially as Tannu Tuva until 1926),[15] recognized only by its neighbors the Soviet Union and Mongolia, before being annexed into the former in 1944.[16] A majority of the population are ethnic Tuvans who speak Tuvan as their native tongue, while Russian is spoken natively by the Russian minority; both are official and widely understood in the republic. The Great Khural is the regional parliament of Tuva.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-02): Little by little, as the curves of the Sayan Mountains in southern Siberia pass by, the forest cover gives way to naked hills. After a 14-hour road trip from Krasnoyarsk, my bus finally arrives at Kyzyl, the capital of Tuva. [...] Tuva has a troubled history. Formerly dominated by Mongolian nomads, placed under Chinese imperial aegis from 1758 to 1912, and later integrated into the Russian Empire, it also experienced independence, under the name of Tannu Tuva (1921-1944), before becoming part of the USSR and then, the Russian Federation. [...] Tuva is also home to stunning landscapes, marked by a pronounced relief and steppe immensity. Only 10 minutes away from the center of Kyzyl, hikers can admire an ocean of hills and mountains that seem to melt under the merciless sun.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): They are two groups under the name Uriankhai: Mongol Uriankhai, Uriankhai (Tuva) of mixed Turkic-Mongol origin. All clans of the Mongol Uriankhai are Mongol, and Tuva Uriankhais have both Turkic and Mongol clans.[24][25] In the beginning of the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), the Mongol Uriankhai (Burkhan Khaldun Uriankhai) were located in central Mongolia[26] but in the mid 14th century they lived in Liaoyang province of modern China. In 1375, Naghachu, Uriankhai leader of the Mongolia-based colonial dynasty in Liaoyang province invaded Liaodong with aims of restoring the Mongols to power. Although he continued to hold southern Manchuria, Naghachu finally surrendered to the Chinese Ming dynasty in 1387–88 after successful diplomacy of the latter.[27] After the rebellion of the northern Uriankhai people, they were conquered by Dayan Khan in 1538 and mostly annexed by the northern Khalkha. Batmunkh Dayan Khan dissolved Uriankhai tumen and moved them to Altai Mountains and Khalkha land. [...] - ^ "Tuva-Online: Ancient Uyghur Fortress on a Tuvan Lake to Turn into a R…". archive.is. 18 September 2012. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-08): The indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Tuva Republic are a Turkic-speaking people of South Siberia, whose language shows strong Samoyedic and Mongolian influences.[7] The name "Tuva" probably derives from a Samoyedic tribe, referred to in 7th-century Chinese sources as Dubo or Tupo, who lived in the upper Yenisei region. These people were known to the Chinese and Mongolians as Uriankhai. Most scholars trace the name to the Uriankhai of the Greater Hinggan Range, a Jurched people who as a result of extensive migrations gave their name to several peoples living in the region from east Siberia and northeast China to the Altai mountains.[8] These should not be confused with the Altai Uriankhai (ethnic Mongolians living in western Mongolia), the Altainor Uriankhai (a Turkic-speaking people in the Altai Republic within the Russian Federation), and the Khovsgolnor Uriankhai (reindeer herders in the eastern Tuva Republic).
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Tyva, republic in south-central Siberia, Russia. Tyva borders northwestern Mongolia and occupies the basin of the upper Yenisey River. Its relief consists of two broad basins, the Tyva and Todzha, drained by two main tributaries of the Yenisey River. High mountain ranges, including the Eastern Sayan and Western Sayan mountains to the north, enclose the basins. A continuous series of ranges also enclose the republic on the west, south, and southeast: the Altai, Tannu-Ola, and Sangilen mountains. The highest point is Mount Munku-Taiga (Mongun-Taiga; 13,044 feet [3,976 meters]) in the extreme southwest. The climate is generally of the dry, sharply continental type, with severe winters and warm summers. Vegetation ranges from dry steppe in the basins to dense coniferous forests to alpine meadows that are succeeded by bare rock and snow at the highest elevations. [...] Tannu Tuva was part of the Chinese empire from 1757 until 1911, when tsarist Russia fomented a separatist movement and in 1914 took the country under its protection. In 1921 independence was proclaimed for the Tannu Tuva People’s Republic, but in 1944 it was annexed by the Soviet Union and made an autonomous oblast (region) of the Russian S.F.S.R. In 1961 its status was raised to that of an autonomous republic. Tyvans constitute about two-thirds of the population (most of the rest being Russians).
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-11-21): Tuva is located in the heart of Asia, and almost isolated from the world. Due to this, the edge of the Scythian burial mounds, Chinese palaces, shamans and strange customs managed to maintain its unique identity. [...] On the territory of the Republic of Tyva lived nomads, whose arms and horse harness similar to the Scythian. Compared with the other inhabitants of Asia, Tuvans fairly large admixture of European blood. There is even a suggestion that in ancient times they dominated European features, but with the invasion of nomadic cultures of Central Asia, including the Xiongnu invaders, the locals have become closer to the Mongoloid race. They said (and still say) in the language of the Turkic language family. [...] Old Believers Tuva – a closed group of people living compactly in the most remote places of the republic – the headwaters of the Yenisei. Not even know their exact number – An estimated 500 to 1,000 people. Where did they come in Southern Siberia? They have moved here in the late XIX century. While Tuva was foreign territory abroad, and the Old Believers were hoping to find here the salvation of royal taxation and military service. But other than that, to the north of them attracted legendary quest Belovodye place where supposedly Christian faith is preserved in its unspoiled state. It is not known if they found it or not, but they have found a new home for many years.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-09): The indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Tuva Republic are a Turkic-speaking people of South Siberia, whose language shows strong Samoyedic and Mongolian influences. [7] The name "Tuva" probably derives from a Samoyedic tribe, referred to in 7th-century Chinese sources as Dubo or Tupo, who lived in the upper Yenisei region. These people were known to the Chinese and Mongolians as Uriankhai. Most scholars trace the name to the Uriankhai of the Greater Hinggan Range, a Jurched people who as a result of extensive migrations gave their name to several peoples living in the region from east Siberia and northeast China to the Altai mountains. [8] These should not be confused with the Altai Uriankhai (ethnic Mongolians living in western Mongolia), the Altainor Uriankhai (a Turkic-speaking people in the Altai Republic within the Russian Federation), and the Khovsgolnor Uriankhai (reindeer herders in the eastern Tuva Republic). [...] Tuva or Tyva, officially the Republic of Tyva, is a republic of Russia. Tuva lies at the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders the Altai Republic, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and Buryatia in Russia, and shares an international border with Mongolia to the south. Tuva has a population of 336,651. Its capital is the city of Kyzyl.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-20): The Republic of Tuva is a subject of the Russian Federation. The republic lies in the southern Siberia. Its capital city is Kyzyl. Kyzyl is located near the geographic center of Asia. The Republic of the Tuva borders republic of Buryatia to the east, Irkutsk Oblast to the northeast, Krasnoyarsk Krai to the north, the Republic of Khakassia to the northwest, Atlai republic to the west and Mongolia to the south. Administratively, Tuva is divided into seventeen districts. The districts are further split into rural, urban and urban-type settlements. [...] The Republic of Tuva covers approximately 170,427 square kilometers. The length of the territory from east to west is about 630 kilometers while that from north to south is about 420 kilometers. The eastern part of the Republic of Tuva is raised and forested while the western part is arid and a low lying. Most parts of the republic are mountainous with about 80% of the entire territory covered with mountains. The republic is, therefore, a mountain basin of about 600 meter high. In addition, the Republic of Tuva is encircled by the Tannu-Ola and the Sayan ranges. The highest point of the republic is Mount Mogun Tayga with a height of 3970 meters. Many lakes in the republic are salt and glacial lakes. Some of the lakes include Todzha, Many-Khol, Kadysh, and Uvs among others. The Republic contains over 8000 rivers including the upper course of the Yenisei River which is the fifth longest river in the world. Major rivers in the republic are Yenisei, Kantegic, and Khemchik.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-08): The capital of Tuva, Kyzyl, claims to be the geographical "Center of Asia", as asserted by the label of a homonymous monument in the city. Whether this claim is true or false, the Tyva Republic is the cornerstone of Russian power in the yellow continent. Part of the historically Mongol region of Tannu Uriankhai, Tuva was under Manchu rule until 1911, when tsarist Russia, taking advantage of the chaos of the 1991 Revolution in China, formed a separatist movement among the Tuvans. In this way, in 1912 Tuva became nominally independent as the Uryankhai Republic, before being brought under Russian protectorate as Uryankhay Kray under Tsar Nicholas II on April 17, 1914. [...] Nevertheless, the shifting of the geopolitical center of gravity toward the Asia-Pacific region makes centrifugal tendencies within the Siberian republics of the Russian Federation always more difficult to control from Moscow. Tuva is one of Russia’s poorest republics, but its developing mining and metal working industry makes the region a natural basin for Chinese economic expansion in mainland Asia. For this reason, the battle for the modernization of the Russian economy waged by the Kremlin should give high priority to the development of those territories, like Tuva, where only the iron fist of the Kremlin has impeded the Turkic peoples of Northern Eurasia from gaining independence from what is, not for nothing, the world’s largest country.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): Tuva (/ˈtuːvə/; Russian: Тува [tʊˈva]) or Tyva (/ˈtɪvə/; Tuvan: Тыва [tʰɤˈʋɐ]), officially the Republic of Tuva,[a] is a republic of Russia.[13] Tuva lies at the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders the federal subjects of the Altai Republic, Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Khakassia, and Krasnoyarsk Krai, and shares an international border with Mongolia to the south. Tuva has a population of 336,651 (2021 census).[14] Its capital city is Kyzyl, in which more than a third of the population reside. Historically part of Outer Mongolia as Tannu Uriankhai during the Qing dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China, Tuva broke away in 1911 as the Uryankhay Republic following the Xinhai Revolution, which created the Republic of China. It became a Russian protectorate in 1914 and was replaced by the nominally independent Tuvan People's Republic in 1921 (known officially as Tannu Tuva until 1926),[15] recognized only by its neighbors the Soviet Union and Mongolia, before being annexed into the former in 1944.[16] A majority of the population are ethnic Tuvans who speak Tuvan as their native tongue, while Russian is spoken natively by the Russian minority; both are official and widely understood in the republic. The Great Khural is the regional parliament of Tuva.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-12-10): The Tuva are ancient hunters and nomadic peoples whose lineage can be traced back more than a thousand years to the Tang dynasty. Described in the Tang dynasty-era book Tongdian as "skiing hunters" and during the Yuan dynasty as "forest people," they lived a free, mobile life around the Yenisei River and the Altai and Sayan Mountains. According to Chinese historical records, the Tuva were hunters and nomads until the Qing dynasty, which lasted from the mid-1600s to the early twentieth century. They declared independence from China in 1912, directly following the Chinese revolution of the year before, and in 1944 were incorporated into the USSR as an autonomous oblast (administrative region). Today, the Tuva are scattered across Xinjiang (China), outer Mongolia, and Russia. Chinese Tuva mainly live in the three villages of Kanas, Hemu, and Baihaba, with a total population of around 2,500.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-25): "Outer Mongolia," which roughly corresponds to today’s Mongolia plus Russia’s Tuva Republic, fell under Qing Dynasty control in 1691 and remained part of the empire until its demise in 1911. Even though Mongolia declared independence then, the ROC claimed to have inherited the entirety of Qing territory per the Provisional Constitution promulgated in March 1912. [...] Even so, further iterations of the ROC constitution continued to claim Outer Mongolia as an inalienable part of the nation’s territory, wrote Liu Hsueh-tao (劉學銚) of the now defunct Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission in the 1997 article, "Examining the Outer Mongolia problem from a legal and political standpoint" (從法律政治層面看外蒙古問題). [...] In 1945, the ROC signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, where it recognized Mongolian independence in exchange for the Soviets promising not to help the Chinese Communist Party nor interfere with Xinjiang affairs. Official maps printed during this time excluded Outer Mongolia.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-04): China has historical claims on certain territories north of the Amur River, but is far less interested in occupying all of Siberia in the Western sense. The presence of seasonal Chinese traders and workers in the Sakha Republic hardly makes it a target of territorial expansion.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-26): According to the treaties between China and Russia, and the subsequent tripartite treaty with autonomous Mongolia, the Province of Uryankhai -- later called Tannu-Tuva -- was considered part of autonomous Mongolia. This province takes in a great basin at the source of the Yenisei River and is surrounded by the mountains of Sayan and Tannu Ola. It is rich in natural resources, both agricultural and mineral. The mountain ranges just named have almost no passes, and the control of this territory by Russia makes the southern borders of Siberia practically impregnable to attack by any possible enemy land forces. Its strategic importance had been recognized by the government of Peter the Great. In those days the Russians had not yet penetrated the Uryankhai Province, and had only a few settlers along the northern parts of Sayan -- the southern reaches of present-day Siberia. Yet in 1715, the Russian Government, in treaties with the Dzungarian Government which laid claim to the Uryankhai Province, asserted: "The Siberian rivers Ob, Yenisei and Lena have been Siberian since time immemorial, from their mouths, where they flow into the sea, to the mountains from which they came.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-23): Turning to the geography of the region and the historical context, it should be noted that the Republic of Tuva is a subject of RF, a republic within it. Tuva is a part of the Siberian Federal District. It is located in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River, in the geographical centre of Asia. Mountains occupy 82% of the territory, while in the centre is the flat Tuva depression. Tuva borders Mongolia to the south, as well as five constituent entities of RF: the Republic of Altai, the Republic of Khakassia, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region, and the Republic of Buryatia. From 1758–1911, Tuva was a province of China and from 1912–1918 under a protectorate of RF. On June 18, 1918, the independent state of Tannu-Tuva was proclaimed; after the revolution on June 18, 1921, it became an independent Tuvan People’s Republic—the first socialist state after Soviet Russia. On October 13, 1944, the Tuva People’s Republic voluntarily became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic as an autonomous region (Weinstein 1991; Official portal of the Republic of Tuva 2021).
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-22): Tuvan People's Republic was a partially recognized state that existed from 1921 to 1944. After 1944 it became part of the Soviet Union. Until 1926, it was also known as People's Republic Tannu-Tuva. Only two states recognized the it: the Soviet Union and Mongolia. Even when it existed, it was seen as a puppet state of the Soviet Union. Its economy was largely based on nomads raising and selling cattle. The republic was between the Siberian part of Russia, and Mongolia. The capital was the city of Kyzyl. Since 1992, the territory is known as the Tuvan Republic. It is a self-governing part inside the Russian state. [...] - 1921 establishments in Asia - 1944 disestablishments - 1940s disestablishments in Asia - Former countries in Asia - Former countries of the Interwar period - Former republics - Former socialist republics - Former dictatorships - 20th century in Mongolia - 20th century in Russia - History of the Soviet Union - Tuva - States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-09): - The new communist government in Russia declared in 1921 that the protectorate established earlier by the Russian monarchy was invalid, thus establishing Tuva as an independent state. In reality, the so-called "Tannu-Tuva People’s Republic" that governed from 1921 until 1944 was Soviet puppetry. [...] Historically, the people of Tuva have been shamanists and Tibetan Buddhists. In 1931, there were 725 registered shamans in Tuva, half of whom were women. There are far fewer now. [...] The flag of the Republic of Tuva is a blue field with a white fiber cover of the same color bordering a yellow triangle on the hoist. White symbolizes silver and virtue.
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-19): "Article 91. The State Emblem of the People’s Republic of Tuva consists of an image in the center of the territory of the People’s Republic of China, on a blue background, part of the globe, a rider with Uruk in his right hand, galloping toward the golden rays of the sun, illuminating the territory of the People’s Republic of China from above, on the left side. In the upper part of the emblem is a five-pointed star with an inscription under it: "Workers of all countries and oppressed peoples of the East, unite!". Below, under the image of the territory of the People’s Republic of China, a sickle and a hammer are placed criss-crosswise; under them – on a red ribbon, the ends of which are intertwined with the lower parts of ears of corn and steppe grasses framing the whole image of the coat of arms, the golden letters "TAR" (Tuva People’s Republic) ".
Claim: Tuva is a territory of Republic of China (Tuva, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-23): The Tuvan People's Republic (TPR),[a][b] known simply as Tannu Tuva,[c] was a partially recognized socialist republic that existed between 1921 and 1944.[10] The former country was located in the same territory as the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia, known as Uriankhai Krai, northwest of Mongolia, and now corresponds to the Tuva Republic within the Russian Federation. [...] History [edit]Establishment [edit]Since 1759, Tuva (then called Tannu Uriankhai) had been part of Mongolia, which in turn was a part of the territory of the Manchu Qing dynasty. As the Qing dynasty fell in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, revolutions in Mongolia were also occurring, leading to the independence of both Mongolia and the Tuvan Uryankhay Republic.[13] After a period of political uncertainty, the new republic became a protectorate of the Russian Empire in April 1914, known as Uryankhay Krai.[14][15] After the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917 and the establishment of the Russian Republic, both it and Uryankhay Krai reaffirmed its status as a Russian protectorate.[15][16]