copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Japan (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-15): – Prime Minister Kan Naoto, 2010 "Concerning the Senkaku Islands, the historical background and situation surrounding these islands differ from Takeshima, and so I cannot talk about them as if they were the same. However, there is no doubt that these islands are clearly an inherent territory of Japan. The big difference with the Senkaku Islands, is that there exists no issue of territorial sovereignty to be resolved (over the Senkaku Islands)…China started claiming territorial sovereignty over the islands no earlier than the 1970s, when it was suggested that there was the possibility of there being oil reserves in the East China Sea. There is no doubt that in light of historical facts and based upon international law, the Senkaku Islands are clearly an inherent territory of Japan. Indeed, the Senkaku Islands are under the valid control of Japan." – Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda, 2012 "There is no doubt that the Senkaku Islands are clearly an inherent part of the territory of Japan, in light of historical facts and based upon international law. Indeed, the Senkaku Islands are under the valid control of Japan. There exists no issue of territorial sovereignty to be resolved concerning the Senkaku Islands." – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2014 "The Senkaku Islands are an integral part of Japanese territory based on international law as well as in the context of our history. We presently have control over those islands, and we will continue to do so in the future."
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Japan (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-15): Recent Chinese intimidation against Japan over the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea presents an ideal opportunity for the United States to strengthen the alliance with Tokyo and enhance regional strategic security and stability. On June 22, 2020, the Ishigaki City Council of Okinawa voted to strengthen Japan’s administrative control of the Senkaku Islands by reasserting that the islands are Japanese territory and changing their administrative name from "Tonoshiro" to "Tonoshiro Senkaku."[1] The United States should acknowledge the name change and officially recognize the Senkakus as Japanese territory, as it once did before the reversion of Okinawa to Japan in 1972. [...] The United States should take advantage of this new development, acknowledge the name change, and again officially recognize the Senkakus as Japanese territory. After the Second World War, the United States recognized Japanese residual sovereignty over the Senkakus. President Richard Nixon changed the U.S. position in 1972 during the negotiation of the Okinawa Reversion Treaty. But that move was done as part of the Nixon administration’s triangular diplomacy to attract China as a counterbalance to ascending Soviet economic might and expanding nuclear arsenal. Today, China is the greater threat and support for Japan as a front-line State balancing China’s burgeoning military power is long overdue. Recognizing Japanese sovereignty over the islands would demonstrate strong support for our extremely important ally in the Pacific and would send a clear message to Beijing that the United States will stand up to Chinese aggression in the region and not abandon its allies and partners.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Japan (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-05-08): On the Senkaku Islands dispute, while Japan’s legal position seems to be strong, the Japanese people should be more aware that the process by which Japan annexed these islands at the time of its victory in the first Sino-Japanese War resembles very closely the process of annexing Takeshima. The Senkakus’ acquisition in January 1895 preceded Taiwan’s acquisition through the Shimonoseki Treaty of April 1895, just as Takeshima’s annexation preceded the annexation of Korea itself.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Japan (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-21): Japan’s public broadcaster, NHK, has apologised after a member of staff referred to the disputed Senkaku Islands as "Chinese territory" during an internationally broadcast radio programme this week. [...] Japan’s official position on the Senkakus is that the island’s are "clearly an inherent part of the territory of Japan" and "there exists no issue of territorial sovereignty to be resolved" between Tokyo and Beijing. [...] Chinese vessels regularly enter waters near the Senkakus, with Japan scrambling self-defence force jets in response. The territories were in the news again recently after the Japanese coastguard rescued a Mexican man who had become stranded on one of the islands after leaving the island of Yonaguni in a canoe in an apparent attempt to cross to Taiwan, 100km away.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Japan (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-25): Moreover, after the incorporation of the Islands into the Japanese territory in 1895, although China appeared to have recognized that the activities of the Japanese were growing conspicuous, Japan effectively controlled the Senkaku Islands. [...] The PRC asserts that the Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded as a result of the Sino-Japanese War, and the Senkaku Islands were "ceded" to Japan as the "islands appertaining or belonging to…Formosa." However, it was in April 1895 that the Sino-Japanese War was ended, while the incorporation of the Senkaku Islands into Japan’s territory was three months prior, and thus, the Senkaku Islands were already Japan’s territory at the time of the conclusion of the Treaty.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of Japan (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2000-01-01): Japan will act firmly and calmly to maintain its territorial integrity. Japan continues to strive for peace and stability in the region, which is to be established through the observance of international law.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): The Senkaku Islands,[a] also known as the Pinnacle Islands or the Diaoyu Islands[b] in China and as the Tiaoyutai Islands[c] in Taiwan, are a group of uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, administered by Japan. [...] On 22 June 2020, the Ishigaki City Council voted to change the name of the area containing the Senkaku Islands from "Tonoshiro" to "Tonoshiro Senkaku".[122] Republic of China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded that the islands belong to Republic of China, and any moves to deny this fact are invalid.[123] The Taiwanese government and the opposition KMT party also condemned the council's move, saying the Islands are ROC territory and the nation would not give up even "an inch" of its sovereignty.[124]
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-02-07): Tensions have flashed numerous times over the Senkaku Islands, which China calls Diaoyu Islands, including face-offs between Japanese and Chinese warplanes and ships. [...] However, Japan says it saw no trace of Chinese control of the islands in an 1885 survey, so it formally recognized them as Japanese sovereign territory in 1895. [...] Since then, the US has stated ownership of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands is a matter between China and Japan, but, under treaty obligations, the US says it would defend the islands because they are administered by Japan.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-25): Explainer | Diaoyu/Senkaku islands dispute - The island chain, claimed by China, Taiwan and Japan, is made up of five islets and three barren rocks covering an area of 7 square kilometres [...] Japan annexed the archipelago following China’s defeat in the first Sino-Japanese war from 1894 to 1895. Yet the islands were left out of the Treaty of San Francisco at the end of the second world war that returned to China most of the territories previously occupied by Japan. [...] Two years earlier, a report highlighting the potential for oil reserves in the area prompted China to reassert its territorial claims over the islands. Japan does not recognise China’s claims nor the existence of a dispute over the islands’ sovereignty.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-08): Now Beijing may be slowly peeling back the onion in another disputed island chain, the rocky, uninhabited Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea, administered by Japan and known as the Diaoyus in China. [...] At one point, about 200 Japanese people lived in the islands, further cementing Tokyo’s claims, and China did not challenge Japanese sovereignty over the Senkakus for 75 years, it says. [...] The country’s Foreign Ministry maintains the islands are China’s inherent territory, and has accused Japanese fishing boats of making "repeated intrusions" into the area.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-21): In the fall of 1968, the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) noted the possible presence of immense deposits of oil and gas under the waters surrounding the islands. Subsequently, starting with a statement by the Chinese Foreign Ministry on December 30, 1971, Beijing began officially claiming the islands as Chinese territory. In February 1992, China passed the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, with Article 2(2) defining the Senkaku Islands as "Chinese territory." Later, in September 2012, it set up a baseline that surrounds the Senkaku Islands. China not only claims territorial rights over the Senkaku Islands themselves, but in recent years has also become increasingly aggressive in the waters that surround them. China Coast Guard (CCG) vessels have routinely made incursions into the territorial waters around the islands, navigated through the contiguous zone, and approached or pursued Japanese fishing boats. In 2021, CCG vessels navigated through Japan’s contiguous zone a total of 332 days. That was second only to 2020, when a new annual record of 333 days was set. Moreover, CCG vessels approached or pursued Japanese fishing boats in the waters surrounding Senkaku Islands on 18 occasions in 2021, double the frequency of 2020.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-16): China, Taiwan and Japan claim these islands as their territory. Japan calls the uninhabited rocks the Senkaku Islands, the Chinese – the Diaoyu Islands. Japan controls the islands, but China’s craft are intruding into their territorial waters and airspace with increasing frequency. [...] The Senkaku (in Chinese, Diaoyu) Islands are contested between Japan, the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Historically, China has a strong claim. [...] - After the World War II capitulation of Japan in 1945, Taiwan returned to the Chinese Republic of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. The United States occupied Japan until its sovereignty was restored in 1953, under the Treaty of San Francisco - However, Okinawa and the Senkaku Islands remained under American administration until 1972, when they were returned to Japan - The United States held on to two island chains, Iwo Jima and Okinawa, on which it established significant military bases. In 1972, most of Okinawa was returned to Japanese sovereignty and the Senkaku Islands were handed over to the Japanese - The Chinese have never accepted this state of affairs. The matter is of particular sensitivity to Beijing, as China had suffered massive war damages and humiliations under Japanese occupation - Notably, nationalist circles in mainland China hold that the entire archipelago of Okinawa should be part of China, as in former times, when the islands were known as the Ryukyu Kingdom and the local rulers paid obeisance to the emperor in Beijing as early as in the 14th century
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-12): Indeed, China's claims over the Senkakus were not made not until after 1971, when reports suggested deposits of crude oil and other maritime resources around the islands. At least in the 1958 declaration on China's territorial sea, there is no mention of the Senkakus as belonging to China. Their first explicit mention, alongside the Penghu Islands, the Dongsha Islands, the Xisha Islands, the Zhongsha Islands, the Nansha Islands as the island territories of China, was in Article 2, Paragraph 2, of the 1992 Law Concerning the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, which noted: "The land territory of the People's Republic of China includes the mainland of the People's Republic of China and its offshore islands, Taiwan and all islands appertaining thereto including the Diaoyu Islands; the Penghu Islands; the Dongsha Islands; the Xisha Islands; the Zhongsha Islands and the Nansha Islands; as well as all the other islands that belong to the People's Republic of China."20
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Japan [edit]China and Japan have a territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands known as the Senkaku Islands in Japan, the Diaoyu Islands in the People's Republic of China (PRC),[27] and Tiaoyutai Islands in the Republic of China (ROC or Taiwan).[28] Aside from a 1945 to 1972 period of administration by the United States as part of the Ryukyu Islands, the archipelago has been controlled by Japan since 1895.[29] According to Lee Seokwoo, the People's Republic of China (PRC) started taking up the question of sovereignty over the islands in the latter half of 1970 when evidence relating to the existence of oil reserves surfaced.[30] The ROC also claims the islands. The territory is close to key shipping lanes and rich fishing grounds, and there may be oil reserves in the area.[31] [...] - ^ Lee, Seokwoo et al. (2002). Territorial disputes among Japan, Taiwan and China concerning the Senkaku Islands, pp. 11–12., p. 11, at Google Books - ^ "Q&A: China-Japan islands row" Archived 10 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 11 September 2012 - ^ "U.S. says Senkaku Islands fall within scope of Japan-U.S. security treaty". Kyodo News. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-04-23): Admittedly, there were points of friction. In 1978, when members of the ruling Japanese Liberal Democratic Party criticized their leadership for not leveraging Treaty of Peace and Friendship negotiations to get Beijing to cede its claim, hundreds of Chinese fishing ships appeared near the islands.76 The Chinese central government, however, later described the incident as "accidental," generating speculation that this was the result of internal divisions over the treaty.77 In 1992, the People’s Republic of China passed the Law on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone, which explicitly names the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands as its territory. This move was reportedly fiercely debated internally and done under pressure from the military.78 But as both Beijing and Tokyo were more focused on the Japanese emperor’s upcoming visit to China, there was limited fallout.79 In 2008, official Chinese ships entered the territorial waters around the islands for the first time.80 In light of other high-level efforts to improve relations at the time, including a Sino-Japanese East China Sea joint development agreement — concluded despite internal Chinese opposition — some have attributed this to dissenting Chinese hardliners.81
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): The Senkaku Islands dispute, or Diaoyu Islands dispute, is a territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands known as the Senkaku Islands in Japan, the Diaoyu Islands in China,[1] and Tiaoyutai Islands in Taiwan.[2] Aside from a 1945 to 1972 period of administration by the United States as part of the Ryukyu Islands, the archipelago has been controlled by Japan since 1895.[3] The territory is close to key shipping lanes and rich fishing grounds, and there may be oil reserves in the area.[4] [...] The Senkaku Islands are located in the East China Sea between Japan, China, and Taiwan. The archipelago contains five uninhabited islands and three barren rocks, ranging in size from 800 m2 to 4.32 km2.[citation needed] [...] During a private visit 9 years after stepping down from office, former President of Republic of China, Lee Teng-hui, once said that the islands are part of Okinawa.[72] During the 2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations, on 13 September 2012, Lee remarked, "The Senkaku Islands, no matter whether in the past, for now or in the future, certainly belong to Japan."[73][74] In 2002, he also stated, "The Senkaku Islands are the territory of Japan."[75]
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-23): These islands lie on the key sea lines of communication in the ECS, but only became part of an intense Sino-Japanese maritime conflict in the late 1960s after surveys by the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East announced that there may be massive oil and hydrocarbon reserves off the Senkaku Islands (Chansoria 2018). Subsequently, in 1970–1971, the PRC government claimed that the Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands are historically part of Taiwan, which China also claims as its own territory, making the islands sovereign Chinese territory. Japan, meanwhile, cited legal assertions based in international law as the basis for its sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands, which it has enjoyed de facto control over since 1895 without any complaints from China. The official position of the PRC is that ‘Diaoyu Dao is China’s inherent territory in all historical, geographical and legal terms,’ according to historical evidence of the islands being administered as part of Taiwan since the Ming and Qing dynasties (MOFA of PRC 2012).
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-09-07): How does this relate to the present dispute over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands? Since 1970 the People’s Republic of China, Taiwan and Japan have all put forward bold sovereignty claims over the islands, which are equidistant from Taiwan and the southwestern tip of the Ryukyus. According to Chinese sources the first mention of the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands is in a 15th-century document now held at the Bodleian Library in Oxford. Early sources tended to mention only the islands’ location on the voyage to the Ryukyus from China, but by the 17th century Chinese sources clearly named the maritime boundary between the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands and the Ryukyus as the Heishuigou (‘Black Water Trench’), an area of high turbulence which we now know marks the edge of the continental shelf. In 1720 Xu Baoguang, the deputy Chinese ambassador sent to confer the royal title upon the Ryukyuan king, collaborated with the local literati to compile the travelogue Zhongshan Chuanxin lu (Record of the Mission to Chusan), which demarcated the westernmost border of the Ryukyuan kingdom at Kume-jima south of the Heishuigou Trench.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-25): The People’s Republic of China asserts that China (PRC) discovered and named the Senkaku Islands, simply because Chinese names of the Islands appeared in Chinese documents written in the 15th to 18th Centuries. The PRC also asserts that China utilized the Senkaku Islands, simply because the Chinese Envoy’s mission of the Ming and Qing Dynasties went through the Senkaku Islands when dispatched to the Ryukyu Dynasty. [...] The PRC asserts that China "has long placed the islands under its jurisdiction", based on the grounds that documents in the 16th and 17th century depict that the Senkaku Islands were part of the coastal defense of Ming Dynasty China. [...] The PRC asserts that maps made in the 16th to 19th centuries included the Senkaku Islands in the Chinese maritime area.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-15): Backgrounder by Lindsay Maizland January 31, 2022 -
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-04): - Gradual encirclement and establishment of effective control over disputed island territories (viz., Taiwan, Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, Spratly Islands, Macclesfield Bank features) [...] While specific PRC gray zone activities vary in each case and over time in long-running campaigns (see, for example the patterns of Chinese law enforcement activity in the territorial seas and contiguous zones around the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, or episodic enforcement of hydrocarbon rights in southern tier of SCS against Malaysia and Indonesia but not Brunei),5 there is an overall unity to the approach across the whole region. Generally, Chinese gray zone campaigns establish localized PRC advantages that can be sustained over time without precipitating acute crisis. When these actions target American allies, Beijing has also used its campaigns to degrade alliance cohesion. Finally, the intensity and efficacy of PRC gray zone activity has increased over the past decade. Access to well-positioned operating bases at Mischief Reef, Fiery Cross Reef, and Subi Reef allows China to employ the superior mass of their constabulary and fishing fleets and remain permanently on station in remote waters. Meanwhile, modernization and expansion of China’s coast guard enables PRC law enforcement across the East Asian littoral, creating the permissive conditions for regularized PRC presence in the disputed territorial waters of the Senkaku Islands as well as the far reaches of the SCS.
Claim: Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China (Senkaku Islands, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-11-07): China maintains that the Diaoyu Islands (or Diaoyudao) have been a part of its sovereign territory since the Ming Dynasty in the sixteenth century. The territory is controlled and claimed by Japan (which refers to the islands as the Senkakus) and Taiwan (Diaoyutai). While Beijing acknowledges that the Diaoyu Islands were ceded to Japan in the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki, it contends that control was returned to China at the end of World War II. [...] Political Statements Regarding Claims "The Diaoyu Islands are an inalienable part of China’s territory, and the Chinese government and its people will absolutely make no concession on issues concerning its sovereignty and territorial integrity." [...] – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, 2012 "Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands have been an integral part of China’s territory since ancient times. China has indisputable historical and legal evidence in this regard."