copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): The Sea of Azov is an inland sea in Europe located between Ukraine and Russia. It is connected to the Black Sea by the Kerch Strait. The sea is about 210 miles (340 km) long and 85 miles (135 km) wide, covering an area of 14,500 square miles (37,600 square kilometers). With a maximum depth of only about 46 feet (14 meters), it is the shallowest sea in the world. [...] The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world with depths ranging from 0.9 to 14 meters. Water from the Sea of Azov flows continuously into the Black Sea. [...] The Sea of Azov is a shallow body of water that is shared by both Ukraine and Russia. The Kerch Strait, which connects it to the Black Sea, is its only route to open waters. In 2014, Russia annexed Crimea, establishing authority over the Kerch Strait on both sides.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-30): Mariupol sits on the Sea of Azov, a small, shallow body of water that is shared by Russia and Ukraine under a 2003 treaty. Its only outlet to the Black Sea is through the Kerch Strait, a 15km-wide channel that is spanned by a recently completed and highly controversial bridge linking Russia to annexed Crimea.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-29): The Sea of Azov, often overshadowed by its larger neighbor, the Black Sea, is a unique and fascinating body of water at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. This shallow sea, known for its rich history, diverse ecosystems, and strategic significance, has played a pivotal role in the geopolitical landscape of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. [...] The Sea of Azov, the world’s shallowest sea, is nestled between Ukraine to the north and west and Russia to the east. This relatively small sea, with an area of about 39,000 square kilometers, boasts a unique ecosystem and has been a significant route for trade and commerce throughout history. Geographical Significance: Where Continents Converge 1. The Unique Geography of the Sea of Azov - The Sea of Azov is a semi-enclosed sea, connected to the Black Sea by the narrow Strait of Kerch. Its shallow depth, averaging around 7 meters, significantly influences its marine life and climate.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-06-07): Moreover, in view of the Crimea annexation, Russia now proceeds from the fact that the Sea of Azov is no longer just an inland sea of Ukraine and Russia, but actually a Russian sea. After all, one of the positions on how the borders of Ukraine and Russia in the Azov Sea could be determined was to see them as a continuation of land borderlines. Accordingly, before the annexation of Crimea, Russia's share in the Azov Sea was rather small, which apparently was not what the Kremlin sought. Now, of course, Russia believes that if Crimea is Russian, and, according to the approach mentioned, much of the Azov Sea is now Russian. [...] It is also necessary to consider the possibility of denouncing the agreement with Russia on the use of the Sea of Azov, which says that this is an inland sea, and proceeding from the fact that it is an international sea, we need to start unilaterally applying international maritime law there. Then it will clearly define both our territorial waters and our economic zone and will in fact enable us to ban Russia from setting up such provocations as, for example, the closure of Ukrainian territorial waters of the Sea of Azov for live fire drills of their navy or the illegal detention of Ukrainian ships, or obstruction of Ukraine's implementation of lawful navigation.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-29): Before the seizure of Crimea, both Ukraine and Russia agreed to regard the Sea of Azov as the internal waters of each state. Thus, the states had shared sovereignty over that body of water; in the case of disputes, they would resolve them jointly. [...] However, the issue of the Sea of Azov does not end here: there is more at stake than just Ukraine. The international community cannot recognize the right of Russia to seize territory by force, annex it, and then pretend that it has always been and will continue to be Russian. That opens the door to further adventures across the former Soviet and even Tsarist empire, jeopardizing every state from Finland to Bulgaria. [...] Clarifying to Moscow and everyone else that the United States will defend freedom of navigation and Ukrainian sovereignty in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov is no less important than doing so in the South China Sea. And it is high time that we did so along with our NATO allies; this is as vital an interest to them as it is to us.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-06): Russian lawmakers are plotting the annexation of the Sea of Azov, a shallow body of water which is shared territory between Ukraine and Russia per a two-decade-old treaty. [...] Russia and Ukraine signed and ratified a treaty in 2003 and 2004 that included stipulations that the Sea of Azov, a body of water of about 15,000 square miles, is a historically internal water of both Russia and Ukraine and that vessels flying Ukrainian or Russian flags in the Sea of Azov enjoy freedom of navigation, the ISW noted. [...] The Sea of Azov is also important for Russia's continued occupation of the annexed Crimean peninsula for logistical reasons, he said.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-29): The Sea of Azov is a tiny and small sea that historically has not often earned much strategic attention from the countries that possessed it. However, history reveals that the strategic importance of the sea periodically rises when at least two countries possess the shores of this sea. The sea lends itself to regional geopolitical rivalry, and as a result of tensions both sides often create Azov flotillas. Such a contest existed during the Civil War in Russia and the Second World War when both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany had to establish special naval units in the Sea of Azov. In general, Russia’s historical expansion to the South had three main directions – the Northern Caucasus, the Sea of Azov, and Crimea. All of these three geographical directions are fully interrelated. First, the Russian Azov Flotilla appeared in 1768 in order to fight the Crimean Tatars and Ottoman Empire. Now the geopolitical situation again necessitates that both Kiev and Moscow urgently create Azovian geographical units drawn from their naval forces.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-23): Sea of Azov, inland sea situated off the southern shores of Ukraine and Russia. It forms a northern extension of the Black Sea, to which it is linked on the south by the Kerch Strait. The Sea of Azov is about 210 miles (340 km) long and 85 miles (135 km) wide and has an area of about 14,500 square miles (37,600 square km). Into the Sea of Azov flow the great Don and Kuban rivers and many lesser ones such as the Mius, the Berda, the Obitochnaya, and the Yeya. In the sea’s western part lies the Arabat Spit, a 70-mile- (113-kilometre-) long sandbar that separates it from the Syvash, a system of marshy inlets that divides the Crimean Peninsula from the Ukrainian mainland. [...] The Sea of Azov is rich in marine life as a result of its shallowness, the excellent mixing and even warming of the water, and the input of great quantities of nutrient material by the rivers. The sea’s fauna includes more than 300 species of invertebrates and about 80 species of fish, including sturgeon, perch, bream, herring, sea-roach, gray mullet, minnow, shemaja, and bullheads. Sardines and anchovies are particularly abundant. The Sea of Azov handles much freight and passenger traffic, although the progress of heavy oceangoing craft is hampered by shallowness at some points. Icebreakers assist in winter navigation. Principal ports are Taganrog, Mariupol, Yeysk, and Berdyansk.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-22): Covering an area of about 39,000 km2, the Sea of Azov is a northern extension of the Black Sea and is located in Eastern Europe. The Sea of Azov is an internal sea of the countries of Ukraine and Russia that is linked with the Atlantic Ocean via the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. [...] The Sea of Azov is bordered by Ukraine in the northwest and by Russia in the southeast. It is connected to the Black Sea in the south via the Strait of Kerch, which has a width of about 4km at its narrowest point. The Kerch Strait is located between the Crimean Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The Sea of Azov measures about 360 km long and has a maximum width of 180 km. The sea is regarded as one of the world’s shallowest seas with a maximum depth of only 14 m and an average depth of about 7 m. The two large rivers that drain into the Sea of Azov are the Don and Kuban rivers. Several smaller rivers also flow into the sea including the Berda, Mius, Yeya, Beysug, Molochna, Kalmius, Atmanai rivers. The deposits and inflow from these rivers are responsible for the low salinity of the Sea of the Azov.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Brunei,[b] officially Brunei Darussalam,[c][d] is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with its territory bifurcated by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state entirely on Borneo; the remainder of the island is divided between its multi-landmass neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia. As of 2023[update], the country had a population of 455,858,[11] of whom approximately 180,000 resided in the capital and largest city of Bandar Seri Begawan. Its official language is Malay and Islam is the state religion of the country, although other religions are nominally tolerated. The government of Brunei is a constitutional absolute monarchy ruled by the Sultan, and it implements a fusion of English common law and jurisprudence inspired by Islam, including sharia. [...] Brunei is a southeast Asian country consisting of two unconnected parts with a total area of 5,765 square kilometres (2,226 sq mi) on the island of Borneo. It has 161 kilometres (100 mi) of coastline next to the South China Sea, and it shares a 381 km (237 mi) border with Malaysia. It has 500 square kilometres (193 sq mi) of territorial waters, and a 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone.[71]
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-06): An inland sea, the Azov sea is located in Eastern Europe and is connected to the Black Sea through the 4 km long Kerch Strait, whose narrowest point lies in the Azov sea. [...] Azov sea has been a bone of contention between Russia and Ukraine; however, it is dominated by the former. If one were to go back to the Cold War, the Sea of Azov would have been the smallest sea of the nations that made up the erstwhile Soviet Union. [...] Azov sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Black, Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean seas. As the steppes around the Azov sea became populated in the 19th century and railway lines connecting the sea with the interiors were laid, the Azov sea facilitated maritime trade and commerce.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-28): Brunei is an incredibly small country that covers an area of 5,765 sq. km (2,226 sq mi) on the island of Borneo. It has a 161 km (100 mi) coastline along the South China Sea. It can be seen on the map above that Brunei is divided into two non-contiguous territories that are separated by the Malaysian State of Sarawak. Brunei shares two separate borders with Malaysia. [...] The country of Brunei is located along the northern coast of the Borneo Island in Southeast Asia. It is situated both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Brunei is bordered by the South China Sea in the north and on all other sides by Malaysia. Brunei is divided into two non-contiguous parts by a portion of the Malaysian State of Sarawak. Brunei shares its maritime borders with China and Malaysia.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Sea of Azov, Inland sea in Europe between Ukraine and Russia. It is connected to the Black Sea by Kerch Strait. About 210 mi (340 km) long and 85 mi (135 km) wide, it occupies an area of 14,500 sq mi (37,600 sq km). With a maximum depth of only about 46 ft (14 m), it is the world’s shallowest sea. It is fed by the Don and Kuban rivers, and at their entrance in the Taganrog Gulf, its depth is 3 ft (1 m) or less. In the west lies the Arabat Spit, a 70-mi- (113–km-) long sandbar that separates the Sea of Azov from the Syvash, a system of marshy inlets dividing the Crimean Peninsula from the Ukrainian mainland.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-28): The Sea of Azov (Russian: Азо́вское мо́ре - Azovskoye more; Ukrainian: Озівськe or Азо́вське мо́ре - Ozivs'ke or Azovs'ke more) is the world's shallowest sea, linked by the Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea to the south. It is bounded on the north by Ukraine, on the east by Russia and on the west by the Crimean peninsula. The Don River flows into it. [...] Other websites [change | change source]Media related to Sea of Azov at Wikimedia Commons
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-26): The Sea of Azov, scene of a new escalation in tensions between Ukraine and Russia, is joined to the Black Sea by a narrow strait that is a vital shipping lane for both the rival nations. [...] Wedged between Russia, Ukraine and Crimea, the Sea of Azov is a northern extension of the Black Sea to which it is linked via the Strait of Kerch, which is just 15 kilometres (nine miles) wide. [...] The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world, with a maximum depth of just 14 metres (46 feet). It is also small at around 360 kilometres long and 180 kilometres wide.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-03-14): Black Sea and Sea of Azov Max. Length 21.9 cm TL [...] Black Sea and Sea of Azov 21.9 TL 1927
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-21): By firing on the Ukrainian naval ships in international waters, by treating Ukraine’s sailors as civilians rather than members of a sovereign state’s armed forces, and by basing these actions on its claimed annexation of Crimea and its territorial waters, Russia violated international law, the laws of armed conflict, and a 2003 bilateral agreement in which Russia and Ukraine agreed to share sovereignty and control over the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait. Russia argues that it now has sole sovereignty over the strait; most of the world disagrees.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-13): At this moment Russian warships in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov block Ukraine’s coast and provide fire support to the Russian land forces. A group of at least six ships and two submarines is deployed to the Black Sea, equipped with up to 50 cruise missiles ready for strikes. The floating Russian mines seized by Russia in Crimea in 2014 and released in 2022, pose the gravest security threat to all vessels.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-09): I emphasize this point of state-led offshore fossil fuel developmentalisms and military-related energy security fears by contrasting the governmental agendas and marine space appropriations after decolonization with the earlier projects. The aforementioned earlier offshore drilling had taken place since the late nineteenth century within the already claimed territorial waters of Japan and Brunei (or in a Burmese river). The Japanese government now provided funding to fully explore the archipelago’s territorial waters. Moreover, what also emerged during the 1950s and 1960s was state-led, large-scale marine space appropriation that stretched from the continental shelf of the Persian Gulf to the South China Sea and further north. After all, in terms of legal frameworks, structural choice limitations did not inhibit this development. The spatial appropriation and the new legal regimes that Asian political elites could create thus emphasize their agency vis-à-vis oil companies, whether private or public.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-09): The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world with an average depth of 7 metres (23 ft) and maximum depth of 14 metres (46 ft);[1] in the bays, where silt has built up, the average depth is about 1 metre (3 ft). The sea bottom is also relatively flat with the depth gradually increasing from the coast to the centre.[45] The Sea of Azov is an internal sea with passage to the Atlantic Ocean going through the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean seas. It is connected to the Black Sea by the Strait of Kerch, which at its narrowest has a width of 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) and a maximum depth of 15 metres (49 ft).[1] The narrowness of the Kerch Strait limits the water exchange with the Black Sea. As a result, the salinity of the Sea of Azov is low; in the open sea it is 10–12 psu, about one third of the salinity of the oceans; it is even lower (2–7 psu) in the Taganrog Bay at the northeast end of the Sea. The long-term variations of salinity are within a few psu and are mostly caused by changes in humidity and precipitation.[46][47]
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-29): The Sea of Azov is a tiny and small sea that historically has not often earned much strategic attention from the countries that possessed it. However, history reveals that the strategic importance of the sea periodically rises when at least two countries possess the shores of this sea. The sea lends itself to regional geopolitical rivalry, and as a result of tensions both sides often create Azov flotillas. Such a contest existed during the Civil War in Russia and the Second World War when both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany had to establish special naval units in the Sea of Azov. In general, Russia’s historical expansion to the South had three main directions – the Northern Caucasus, the Sea of Azov, and Crimea. All of these three geographical directions are fully interrelated. First, the Russian Azov Flotilla appeared in 1768 in order to fight the Crimean Tatars and Ottoman Empire. Now the geopolitical situation again necessitates that both Kiev and Moscow urgently create Azovian geographical units drawn from their naval forces.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-29): Before the seizure of Crimea, both Ukraine and Russia agreed to regard the Sea of Azov as the internal waters of each state. Thus, the states had shared sovereignty over that body of water; in the case of disputes, they would resolve them jointly. [...] However, the issue of the Sea of Azov does not end here: there is more at stake than just Ukraine. The international community cannot recognize the right of Russia to seize territory by force, annex it, and then pretend that it has always been and will continue to be Russian. That opens the door to further adventures across the former Soviet and even Tsarist empire, jeopardizing every state from Finland to Bulgaria. [...] Clarifying to Moscow and everyone else that the United States will defend freedom of navigation and Ukrainian sovereignty in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov is no less important than doing so in the South China Sea. And it is high time that we did so along with our NATO allies; this is as vital an interest to them as it is to us.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-12-12): Sea of Azov Crisis: Ukraine and Russia Clash, as do Competing Visions of European Security
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-06-07): Moreover, in view of the Crimea annexation, Russia now proceeds from the fact that the Sea of Azov is no longer just an inland sea of Ukraine and Russia, but actually a Russian sea. After all, one of the positions on how the borders of Ukraine and Russia in the Azov Sea could be determined was to see them as a continuation of land borderlines. Accordingly, before the annexation of Crimea, Russia's share in the Azov Sea was rather small, which apparently was not what the Kremlin sought. Now, of course, Russia believes that if Crimea is Russian, and, according to the approach mentioned, much of the Azov Sea is now Russian. [...] It is also necessary to consider the possibility of denouncing the agreement with Russia on the use of the Sea of Azov, which says that this is an inland sea, and proceeding from the fact that it is an international sea, we need to start unilaterally applying international maritime law there. Then it will clearly define both our territorial waters and our economic zone and will in fact enable us to ban Russia from setting up such provocations as, for example, the closure of Ukrainian territorial waters of the Sea of Azov for live fire drills of their navy or the illegal detention of Ukrainian ships, or obstruction of Ukraine's implementation of lawful navigation.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-06): Russian lawmakers are plotting the annexation of the Sea of Azov, a shallow body of water which is shared territory between Ukraine and Russia per a two-decade-old treaty. [...] Russia and Ukraine signed and ratified a treaty in 2003 and 2004 that included stipulations that the Sea of Azov, a body of water of about 15,000 square miles, is a historically internal water of both Russia and Ukraine and that vessels flying Ukrainian or Russian flags in the Sea of Azov enjoy freedom of navigation, the ISW noted. [...] The Sea of Azov is also important for Russia's continued occupation of the annexed Crimean peninsula for logistical reasons, he said.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-01-01): The Sea of Azov is a tiny and small sea that historically has not often earned much strategic attention from the countries that possessed it. However, history reveals that the strategic importance of the sea periodically rises when at least two countries possess the shores of this sea. The sea lends itself to regional geopolitical rivalry, and as a result of tensions both sides often create Azov flotillas. [...] According to the 2003 agreement, Ukraine has legal control over 62 percent of Sea of Azov’s area and Russia only 38 percent, but since the annexation of Crimea, Russia possesses de facto three-quarters of the territory of the sea. It tries to impose this fact in relations with Ukraine. Plus, Russian proxies are possessing additional territories in the East of Ukraine that plays on Russian advances. The whole coastline of the breakaway Donetsk People’s Republic is approximately 45 km. In their territories, there are plans to erect a naval base in the Obryw village. It is more likely that Russia will be denying its involvement in the creation of the base. Therefore, in the Sea of Azov there are three major established naval centers in the zones of control under Ukraine, Russia, and the separatist republic of DPR.