copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): China has 33 administrative units directly under the central government; these consist of 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities (Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin), and 2 special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The island province of Taiwan, which has been under separate administration since 1949, is discussed in the article Taiwan. Beijing (Peking), the capital of the People’s Republic, is also the cultural, economic, and communications center of the country. Shanghai is the main industrial city; Hong Kong is the leading commercial center and port. [...] China stretches for about 3,250 miles (5,250 km) from east to west and 3,400 miles (5,500 km) from north to south. Its land frontier is about 12,400 miles (20,000 km) in length, and its coastline extends for some 8,700 miles (14,000 km). The country is bounded by Mongolia to the north; Russia and North Korea to the northeast; the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea to the east; the South China Sea to the southeast; Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), India, Bhutan, and Nepal to the south; Pakistan to the southwest; and Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan to the west. In addition to the 14 countries that border directly on it, China also faces South Korea and Japan, across the Yellow Sea, and the Philippines, which lie beyond the South China Sea.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-25): The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949 after the Communist Party defeated the nationalist Kuomintang, who retreated to Taiwan, creating two rival Chinese states - the People's Republic on the mainland and the Republic of China on Taiwan. [...] 1945-49 - China's civil war resumes as Japan's military defeat becomes clearer. The Communists gain control of mainland China and established the People's Republic of China in 1949 under Mao Zedong, forcing the leadership of the Republic of China to retreat to the island of Taiwan. [...] 1997 and 1999 - British Hong Kong and then Portuguese Macau return to China under the principle of one country, two systems.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-05): Mainland China, also called the Chinese Mainland, is the part of China not including the Republic of China controlling Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, and the Pescadores. The term also excludes Hong Kong and Macau. [...] Since then, Communist China only includes the part on the continent (mainland) and some small islands that are very near (the largest communist island is Hainan). This region is Mainland China. Later Hong Kong and Macau were returned to the government of China, but because the government calls them "special administrative regions" under a "one country, two systems" idea, they are still not thought of as part of Mainland China.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-30): Geopolitical area comprising a large part of China From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming, and Zhoushan.[1] By convention, territories outside of mainland China include:
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-01-21): The People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded in 1949 after the Communist Party defeated the previously dominant nationalist Kuomintang in a civil war. The Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan, creating two rival Chinese states - the PRC on the mainland and the Republic of China based on Taiwan. Beijing says the island of Taiwan is a part of Chinese territory that must be reunited with the mainland.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-26): The stalemate of the Chinese Civil War that ended in 1949 resulted in two political entities using the name China: the People's Republic of China (PRC), administering mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau; and the Republic of China (ROC), also known as Taiwan, administering Taiwan and its surrounding islands. [...] The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (1949-Present) After its victory in the Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party of China (CCP), led by Mao Zedong, controlled most of Mainland China. On October 1, 1949, they established the People's Republic of China (PRC), laying claim as the successor state of the ROC. The central government of the ROC was forced to retreat to the island of Taiwan. On mainland China, the victorious Communists claimed they ruled the sole and only China (which they claimed included Taiwan) and that the Republic of China no longer existed.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since 1 October 1949, when CCP chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen, after a near complete victory (1949) by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War. The PRC is the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceded by the Republic of China (ROC; 1912–1949) and thousands of years of monarchical dynasties. The paramount leaders have been Mao Zedong (1949–1976); Hua Guofeng (1976–1978); Deng Xiaoping (1978–1989); Jiang Zemin (1989–2002); Hu Jintao (2002–2012); and Xi Jinping (2012 to present).[1] [...] - In 1971, Albania's motion in the United Nations to recognize the People's Republic of China as the sole legal China (replacing the Republic of China) was passed as General Assembly Resolution 2758. [...] - ^ Poon, Leon. "The People's Republic Of China: IV". The University of Maryland. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The official name of the modern state is the "People's Republic of China" (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó). The shorter form is "China" (中国; 中國; Zhōngguó), from zhōng ('central') and guó ('state'), a term which developed under the Western Zhou dynasty in reference to its royal demesne.[p][q] It was used in official documents as an synonym for the state under the Qing.[28] The name Zhongguo is also translated as 'Middle Kingdom' in English.[29] China is sometimes referred to as "mainland China" or "the Mainland" when distinguishing it from the Republic of China or the PRC's Special Administrative Regions.[30][31][32][33]
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): Summary: The People’s Republic of China (PRC) government arbitrarily enforces local laws, including issuing exit bans on U.S. citizens and citizens of other countries, without fair and transparent process under the law. [...] The PRC government does not recognize dual nationality. Dual U.S.-PRC citizens and U.S. citizens of Chinese descent may be subject to additional scrutiny and harassment. If you are a U.S. citizen and choose to enter Mainland China on travel documents other than a U.S. passport and are detained or arrested, the PRC government may not notify the U.S. Embassy or the U.S. Consulates General or allow consular access. [...] If you decide to travel to Mainland China:
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-20): China firmly supports building of ASEAN Community -- Chinese premier [...] Chinese state councilor attends reception marking 75 years of diplomatic relations between China, Russia [...] Chinese mainland records 13.57 mln entry, exit trips in National Day holiday
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-11-17): Article 2: This Law applies to data handling activities and their security regulation within the mainland territory of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).[2] When data handling activities outside the mainland territory of the PRC harm the national security, the public interest, or the lawful rights and interests of citizens or organizations of the PRC, legal liability is to be pursued according to the law. [...] [2] "中华人民共和国境内" is translated as "within the mainland territory of the People’s Republic of China." "Mainland" in not specified in the original, but it is generally thought to be implied that the territory referenced does not include Hong Kong or Macao.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-08): China sees self-ruled Taiwan as a breakaway province that will eventually be under Beijing's control - and has not ruled out the use of force to take the island. [...] This was at the height of a decades-long conflict between Chiang's forces and Mao Zedong's Communist Party. When the communists won in 1949, Chiang and what was left of the nationalist party, known as the Kuomintang or KMT, fled to Taiwan, where they ruled for several decades. They called this the Republic of China, a name Taiwan has retained. The Chinese Communist Party points to this history to claim Taiwan. But the Taiwanese point to the same history to argue that they were not part of the modern Chinese state that was first formed after the revolution in 1911 - or the People's Republic of China that was established under Mao in 1949.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-07-20): Tensions between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) in the 1950s resulted in armed conflict over strategic islands in the Taiwan Strait. On two separate occasions during the 1950s, the PRC bombed islands controlled by the ROC. The United States responded by actively intervening on behalf of the ROC. [...] Over the next few years, the U.S. Government took steps that allied it more firmly to the ROC Government on Taiwan. In 1954, the United States led the creation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, which was designed to unify the region against the perceived Communist threat. Moreover, U.S. officials openly debated the possibility of signing a Mutual Defense Treaty with Chiang Kai-shek. The PRC viewed these developments as threats to its national security and regional leadership. In the interest of bolstering its strategic position in the Taiwan Strait, the PRC began to bombard Jinmen in September 1954, and soon expanded its targets to include Mazu and the Dachen Islands.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-23): There is disagreement about the status of Taiwan. [...] But by the 1970s some countries began to argue that the Taipei government could no longer be considered a genuine representative of the people living in mainland China. [...] Relations started improving in the 1980s as Taiwan relaxed rules on visits to and investment in China. In 1991, the ROC proclaimed that the war with the People's Republic of China was over.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): People’s Republic of China National… [...] Remarks by APNSA Jake Sullivan in Press Conference | Beijing, People’s Republic of China [...] Outside of China: (+86) 10-8531 4000
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-08): Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense - Taiwan has been governed independently of China since 1949, but Beijing views the island as part of its territory. Beijing has vowed to eventually "unify" Taiwan with the mainland, using force if necessary. [...] Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China (ROC), is an island separated from China by the Taiwan Strait. It has been governed independently from mainland China, officially the People’s Republic of China (PRC), since 1949. The PRC views the island as a renegade province and vows to eventually "unify" Taiwan with the mainland. In Taiwan, which has its own democratically elected government and is home to twenty-three million people, political leaders have differing views on the island’s status and relations with the mainland.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Fleeing the Manchurian conquest of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Ming loyalists under Zheng Cheng-gong, or Koxinga, drive out the Dutch from Taiwan and establish authority over the island. [...] Taiwan is declared a province of the Qing Empire. [...] On Oct. 25, the United Nations General Assembly passes U.N. Resolution 2758 recognizing the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as the only legitimate representative of China to the global body. The ROC withdraws from the U.N.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-01-13): A1: When the United States moved to recognize the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and de-recognize the Republic of China (ROC) in 1979, the United States stated that the government of the People’s Republic of China was "the sole legal Government of China." Sole, meaning the PRC was and is the only China, with no consideration of the ROC as a separate sovereign entity. [...] To this day, the U.S. "one China" position stands: the United States recognizes the PRC as the sole legal government of China but only acknowledges the Chinese position that Taiwan is part of China. Thus, the United States maintains formal relations with the PRC and has unofficial relations with Taiwan. The "one China" policy has subsequently been reaffirmed by every new incoming U.S. administration. The existence of this understanding has enabled the preservation of stability in the Taiwan Strait, allowing both Taiwan and mainland China to pursue their extraordinary political and socioeconomic transitions in relative peace. [...] A2: In the San Francisco Treaty of Peace of 1951, Japan renounced "all right, title and claim to Formosa and the Pescadores." Neither the Republic of China nor the People’s Republic of China were parties to the treaty, and thus neither was declared a beneficiary of the Japanese renouncement.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-08-16): Article 2: This Law is applicable to the construction, operation, maintenance, and use of networks, as well as to cybersecurity supervision and management within the mainland territory of the People’s Republic of China. [...] Article 5: The State takes measures for monitoring, preventing, and handling cybersecurity risks and threats arising both within and without the mainland territory of the People’s Republic of China. The State protects critical information infrastructure against attacks, intrusions, interference, and destruction; the State punishes unlawful and criminal cyber activities in accordance with the law, preserving the security and order of cyberspace. [...] Article 37: Critical information infrastructure operators that gather or produce personal information or important data during operations within the mainland territory of the People’s Republic of China, shall store it within mainland China. Where due to business requirements it is truly necessary to provide it outside the mainland, they shall follow the measures jointly formulated by the State cybersecurity and informatization departments and the relevant departments of the State Council to conduct a security assessment; where laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, follow those provisions.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Mainland China "Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming, and Zhoushan.[1] By convention, territories outside of mainland China include:
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): The People's Republic of China (PRC) (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國) is a one-party state in East Asia governed by the Communist Party of China (CPC). It was founded on 1 October 1949. It currently has more than 1.4 billion people (as of 2017).[3] It covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers. [...] By 1949, the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party had gained control over mainland China and Mao Zedong announced the creation of the People's Republic of China. Chiang Kai-shek and the other nationalists fled to Taiwan. [...] Geography [change | change source]The People's Republic of China is the third-[22] or fourth-largest[23] country in the world after Russia, Canada, and (in some sources) the United States and the second-largest by land area.[24] China has every kind of climate in the northern hemisphere except the polar climate. It is also the largest country without any land north of the Arctic Circle. China borders 14 nations, which is more than any other country in the world. It borders Vietnam, Laos, and Burma in Southeast Asia; India, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan[25] in South Asia; Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia; a small section of Russian Altai and Mongolia in Inner Asia; and the Russian Far East and North Korea in Northeast Asia.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): "Mainland China",also referred to as "the Chinese mainland",is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland,the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan,Chongming,and Zhoushan. [1] By convention,territories outside of mainland China include: [...] Mainland Chinese or mainlanders are Chinese people who live in or have recently emigrated from mainland China, defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) except for Hong Kong, Macau, and the partly-PRC-controlled South China Sea Islands, and also excluding certain territories that are claimed by the PRC but not controlled, namely Taiwan a.k.a. the "Republic of China" (ROC), which is a state with limited recognition, and other associated territories that are ruled by Taiwan. The term also refers to historical groups of people of Chinese origin who immigrated to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan during the 20th century, especially in the context of specific historical events.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): "Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming, and Zhoushan. By convention, territories outside of mainland China include:
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-26): This article focuses on the civilization of China and its history. For contemporary countries, see the People's Republic of China (mainland China) and the Republic of China (Taiwan). [...] The stalemate of the Chinese Civil War that ended in 1949 resulted in two political entities using the name China: the People's Republic of China (PRC), administering mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau; and the Republic of China (ROC), also known as Taiwan, administering Taiwan and its surrounding islands. [...] After its victory in the Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party of China (CCP), led by Mao Zedong, controlled most of Mainland China. On October 1, 1949, they established the People's Republic of China (PRC), laying claim as the successor state of the ROC. The central government of the ROC was forced to retreat to the island of Taiwan. On mainland China, the victorious Communists claimed they ruled the sole and only China (which they claimed included Taiwan) and that the Republic of China no longer existed.
Claim: Mainland China is a territory of Republic of China (Mainland China, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): - The Han dynasty - The early republican period [...] The communist victory in 1949 brought to power a farmer party that had learned its techniques in the countryside but had adopted Marxist ideology and believed in class struggle and rapid industrial development. Extensive experience in running base areas and waging war before 1949 had given the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) deeply ingrained operational habits and proclivities. The long civil war that created the new nation, however, had been one of rural dwellers triumphing over urban dwellers and had involved the destruction of the old ruling classes. In addition, the party leaders recognized that they had no experience in overseeing the transitions to socialism and industrialism that would occur in China’s huge urban centers. For this, they turned to the only government with such experience—the Soviet Union. Western hostility against the People’s Republic of China, sharpened by the Korean War, contributed to the intensity of the ensuing Sino-Soviet relationship. When the CCP proclaimed the People’s Republic, most Chinese understood that the new leadership would be preoccupied with industrialization. A priority of the communist political system was to raise China to the status of a great power. While pursuing this goal, the "center of gravity" of communist policy shifted from the countryside to the city, but Chairman Mao Zedong insisted that the revolutionary vision forged in the rural struggle would continue to guide the party.