copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-13): The region denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. From 1947 to Present Day, it is a disputed territory between India, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China. Due to this dispute, several border clashes and troop buildups had occurred in this area. When the Tibetan Unrest escalated in 2016, PLA troops were withdrawn from Aksai Chin to reinforce what security enforcers remained in Tibet. As a result, on September 13, 2016, Indian soldiers moved into the Chinese administered region of Aksai Chin and Tibet. The Chinese Central Government complains and demands India withdraw from Tibet. It is from this that Tibetan rebels allegedly obtained weapons such as MANPADS and more supplies to continue their uprising against the PRC.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-10): 1 Excludes all disputed territories. 2 Includes PRC-administered area (Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract, both territories claimed by India), Taiwan is not included.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-06): The Shaksgam valley, or the Trans Karakoram Tract, is part of the Hunza-Gilgit Region of PoK. [...] In granting China's claim to a border along the Karakoram Range, Pakistan compromised India's traditional frontier along the Kun Lun Range to the north-west of the Karakoram Pass. It also allowed China to extend a claim eastward along the Karakoram in Ladakh. This enabled China to claim all of Aksai-Chin.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-22): The People’s Republic of China lies to the north-east (Xinjiang Uygur) and east (Xizang—Tibet), but also administers the Aksai Chin plateau, as well as a length of territory to the west of there, beyond the Karakoram Pass, and another pocket to the south. The border dividing Indian-held territory from the Pakistani zone is known as the Line of Control (LoC)—it starts in the south-west of Jammu and Kashmir territory, just north of the Chenab, eventually curving eastward round the mountains surrounding the Vale of Kashmir, continuing in an easterly direction into Ladakh just to the north of Kargil and then north-easterly, petering out at the Chulung Pass and the massive Siachen Glacier, where India, China and Pakistan all meet. The disputed border dividing India and China is known as the Line of Actual Control. The length of the border facing south-westwards is with the rest of India: in the north with Jammu and Kashmir, and in the south with Himachal Pradesh. The total area of the territory is 166,698 sq km (64,362 sq miles), but, of this, 64,817 sq km is occupied by Pakistan and 42,685 sq km (including the 5,130 sq km of the Trans- Karakoram Tract ceded by Pakistan) by the People’s Republic of China. The figure given for the area of Indian-held Ladakh (for statistical purposes) is 59,146 sq km.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-17): The relationship between China – Pakistan relations first began in the 1950s. Pakistan was one of the first countries to recognize the People’s Republic of China regime and to end diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan). Subsequently, in 1956, Pakistani Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai signed the Treaty of Friendship between them, thus upping bilateral ties. During the Sino – Indian war in 1962, both China and Pakistan combined to counter India and the Soviet Union in their border dispute. In the subsequent year, Pakistan ceded the Trans-Karakoram Tract and ending their border dispute with China.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-25): Once the CPC had consolidated what it considered as vassal territory, China turned its attention to its neighbours. Its first target was India under an idealist Nehru. Even as it proclaimed amity between Indians and Chinese (Hindi-Chini Bhai Bhai), China encroached into Indian territory (Aksai Chin) and surreptitiously constructed a road linking Tibet to Xinjiang. When India objected, China settled the issue via a bloody border war in which it dealt India a decisive and humiliating defeat. [...] Today, China remains in control of 38,000 sq km of what is legally Indian territory in Aksai Chin. China is also in possession of another 5,300 sq km (Trans Karakoram Tract in the Hunza-Gilgit region of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, which legally belongs to India), which was ceded to China by Pakistan in I963. The current dispute is another attempt to make further inroads into Indian territory. That China is embroiled in no less than 18 boundary disputes, both land and maritime, with its immediate neighbours is further evidence of its hegemonic trait. China demands complete suzerainty over the South China Sea to the detriment of countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines. Large tracts of land belonging to Russia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Tajikistan are claimed by China, based on historic precedent.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-12): - bhwiki कराकोरम-पार इलाका - cawiki Extensió Trans-Karakoram - dewiki Shaksgam-Tal - enwiki Trans-Karakoram Tract - eswiki Valle Shaksgam - fawiki منطقه ماورای قراقروم - frwiki Vallée de Shaksgam - hewiki אזור עבר קארקוראם - hiwiki ट्रांस काराकोरम ट्रैक्ट - itwiki Shaksgam - jawiki カラコルム回廊 - mlwiki ട്രാൻസ്-കാരക്കോറം ട്രാക്റ്റ് - nlwiki Shaksgam - pnbwiki قراقرم پرے علاقہ - ptwiki Vale de Shaksgam - ruwiki Долина Кырчинбулака - simplewiki Trans-Karakoram Tract - tewiki ట్రాన్స్-కారకోరం ట్రాక్ట్ - trwiki Şaksgam Vadisi - ukwiki Долина Шаксгама - urwiki ماورائے قراقرم علاقہ - zhwiki 喀喇昆仑走廊
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-06): The Trans-Karakoram Tract also known as Shaksgam or the Shaksgam Tract, is an area of more than 2,700 sq mi (6,993 km2) north of the Karakoram, including the Shaksgam valley and Raskam Yarkand river valley. The tract is now administered by China as part of its Xinjiang region. Although the area was not under Pakistan’s control since 1947, it was claimed by Pakistan as part of Kashmir until the 1963 Sino-Pakistan agreement in which Pakistan ceded the territory to China. It is claimed by India as part of the union territory of Ladakh. Most of the tract is composed of the Shaksgam Valley and was formerly administered as part of Shigar, a district in the Baltistan region. A polo ground in Shaksgam was built by the Amacha Royal family of Shigar, and the Rajas of Shigar used to invite the Amirs of Hotan to play polo there. Most of the names of the mountains, lakes, rivers and passes are in Balti/Ladakhi, suggesting that this land had been part of Baltistan/Ladakh region for a long time.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Xinjiang,[a] officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,[11][12] is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia. Being the largest province-level division of China by area and the 8th-largest country subdivision in the world, Xinjiang spans over 1.6 million square kilometres (620,000 sq mi) and has about 25 million inhabitants.[1][13] Xinjiang borders the countries of Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. The Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract regions are claimed by India but administered by China.[14][15][16] Xinjiang also borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The most well-known route of the historic Silk Road ran through the territory from the east to its northwestern border.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-13): As late as 1938-39, the Government of India had once more reasserted its position on the Shaksgam area, after the Mir of Hunza had been advised in 1936 to cease the exchange of gifts with the Chinese and relinquish his rights over Raskam. Hence, in 1947, independent India inherited a boundary which included as Indian territory Hunza as well as the trans-Karakoram tract in Shaksgam, running along the Mustagh-Aghil-Qara Tagh-Kun Lun ranges. This line was compromised by Pakistan in its ‘agreement’ with the Chinese in 1963. By giving in to the Chinese claim to a boundary along the Karakoram Range, Pakistan not only compromised India’s position along the Kun Lun Range to the north-west of Karakoram Pass but, in effect, also gave the Chinese a chance to deny Kun Lun as India’s boundary with China east of the Karakoram Pass and to claim that it ran, instead, along the Karakoram Range. As such, China’s claims in the trans-Karakoram tracts to the west of the Karakoram Pass had absolutely nothing to do with its position to the east of the Pass since it had no historical presence at all in the area of Aksai Chin.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): The People's Republic of China (PRC) (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國) is a one-party state in East Asia governed by the Communist Party of China (CPC). It was founded on 1 October 1949. It currently has more than 1.4 billion people (as of 2017).[3] It covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-13): Currently, its endpoint is a mere 30 miles from the Indian position over the Siachen Glacier. The Shaksgam Valley, part of the larger Trans-Karakoram tract, has been a contentious issue since its transfer by Pakistan to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) under the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Agreement. This transfer, regarded by India as illegal, has fueled longstanding territorial disputes in the northern areas of PoK and Ladakh. Today, the Trans-Karakoram tract has become a focal point of geopolitical significance, mainly due to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). [...] Thirdly, China’s activities in the Shaksgam Valley may also be aimed at neutralizing India’s strategic advantage in the Karakoram and Trans-Karakoram tract, particularly due to the uninterrupted Indian presence over the Siachen Glacier since the Kargil conflict of 1999.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-31): The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: 喀喇昆仑走廊; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng), also known as the Shaksgam Tract (Urdu: شکسگام, romanized: Shaksgām), is an area of approximately 5,200 km2 (2,000 sq mi)[1] north of the Karakoram watershed, including the Shaksgam valley.[2][3] The tract is administered by China as part of its Taxkorgan and Yecheng counties in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Although the Shaksgam tract was originally under the control of India following the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India in 1947, Pakistan took control of the region after the First India-Pakistan War and subsequently ceded it to China in 1963 through the Sino-Pakistan Agreement, and a border based on actual ground positions was recognized as the international border by China and Pakistan.[4][5] The Shaksgam Tract, along with the entire Kashmir region, is claimed by India.[6][7] Further, New Delhi has never accepted the China-Pakistan boundary pact, asserting that Islamabad "unlawfully" attempted to cede the area to Beijing.[8] [...] For an idea of the extent of the Trans-Karakoram Tract or the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract, a view the map (C) from the Joe Schwartzberg's Historical Atlas of South Asia at DSAL in Chicago with the caption, "The boundary of Kashmir with China as portrayed and proposed by Britain prior to 1947" would show that the geographical and territorial extent of the Trans-Karakoram Tract or the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract is more or less the territory enclosed between the northernmost line and the innermost lines.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-07): - Location and Status: The Shaksgam Valley, also known as the Trans Karakoram Tract, lies within the Hunza-Gilgit region of Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (POK). It is a disputed territory claimed by India but controlled by Pakistan.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-24): Disputed territories [edit]Territories on all sides of Indira Col are disputed. Area south of the Indira Col West is controlled by India and also claimed by Pakistan. North of Indira Col West is Trans-Karakoram Tract claimed by India but controlled by China under a 1963 border agreement with Pakistan.[15] The AGPL generally runs along the Saltoro Mountains range, beginning from the northernmost point of the (LOC) at Point NJ 9842 and ending northwest of Indira Col West in the north, with peaks in excess of 7,000 meters and average low temperatures around minus 50 Celsius.[16] India gained control of 985 square miles (2,550 km2) of disputed territory in 1984 because of its military operations in Siachen.[17][18] [...] - Borders of China - Borders of India - Borders of Pakistan - Conflicts - Kashmir conflict - Siachen conflict - Sino-Indian conflict - List of disputed territories of China - List of disputed territories of India - List of disputed territories of Pakistan - Northern Areas - Trans-Karakoram Tract - Operations - Operation Meghdoot 1984 in Siachen, by India - Operation Rajiv 1987 in Siachen, by India - Operation Safed Sagar 1999 in Kargil War, by India - Other related topics - Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces - Bana Singh, after whom Quaid Post was renamed to Bana Top - Dafdar, westernmost town in Trans-Karakoram Tract - India-China Border Roads - List of extreme points of India - Sino-Pakistan Agreement for transfer of Trans-Karakoram Tract to China
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-03-27): One of the Valleys lying hidden in the inaccessible depths of the Trans Karakorams is the Shaksgam Valley but thats not its real claim to fame. It is purported to be an integral part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir but under Pakistani control and has since been "ceded" to China by Pakistan as per the terms of their Border Settlement Agreement.It is also referred to as the Trans Karakoram Tract and the Tract has an area of almost 7000 sq km.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-04): India has consistently maintained that the Shaksgam Valley is part of its territory and rejects any attempts by Pakistan or China to alter the status quo in this region. [...] The Shaksgam Valley, also known as the Trans-Karakoram Tract, is a region of strategic importance located within the Hunza-Gilgit area of Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (POK). [...] Karakoram Highway ●The boundary agreement between Pakistan and China in 1963 laid the foundation for the construction of the Karakoram Highway, a strategic road link connecting Pakistan and China through the Karakoram mountain range.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-04): The Shaksgam Valley, also known as the Trans-Karakoram Tract, is a territory of about 5,200 square kilometres (2,000 sq mi) located north of the Karakoram watershed in the Kashmir region. It is currently administered by China as part of its Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. [...] Strategic Location: Situated at the intersection of the Karakoram and Kunlun mountains, the Shaksgam Valley borders both China and Pakistan. This makes it a potentially vital link for a road corridor connecting China’s Xinjiang province to Pakistan. China has been actively building infrastructure in the region, which India views with concern as it bolsters China’s strategic presence near its borders.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-05-11): The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Hindi: शक्स्गम्, Shaksgam;Chinese: 喀喇昆仑走廊; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng), also known as Shaksgam or the Shaksgam Tract, is an area of more than 9,900 km2 (3,822 sq mi) along both sides of the Shaksgam River and extending up to the Kunlun range wherein are the Kukalang, Yangi, Kilian, Sanju-la and Hindutash border passes, entirely administered by the People's Republic of China as a part of Kargilik County and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but claimed by Pakistan until 1963.[1] It is claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. [...] Also for an idea of the extent of the Trans-Karakoram Tract or the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract, a view the map (C) from the Joe Schwartzberg's Historical Atlas of South Asia at DSAL in Chicagowith the caption, "The boundary of Kashmir with China as portrayed and proposed by Britain prior to 1947" would show that the geographical and territorial extent of the Trans-Karakoram Tract or the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract is more or less the territory enclosed between the northern most line and the innermost lines!
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-04-08): Trans-Himalayan and Karakoram Ranges [...] The Himalayan Mountains are bordered on the northwest by the Ladakh, Karakoram, Pamir and the Hindu Kush ranges, while the Tibetan Plateau in the central part controls its overall shape. A 50–60 km wide tectonic valley, the Indus–Tsangpo Suture Zone, separates these geographical units as a garland throughout the Himalayan ranges from extreme west to the east. These mountain ranges of the Trans-Himalayan and Karakoram Mountains are essentially drained by the Indus, Shyok, Nubra Rivers and their tributaries in the west, and Tsangpo-Brahmaputra drainage system in the east. [...] Jain AK, Singh S, Manickavasagam RM, Joshi M, Verma PK (2003) HIMPROBE programme: integrated studies on geology, petrology, geochronology and geophysics of the Trans-Himalaya and Karakoram. Mem Geol Soc India 53:1–56
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-03): About Shaksgam Valley - The Shaksgam Valley, or Trans Karakoram Tract, is part of the Hunza-Gilgit region of Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (POK) and is a disputed territoryclaimed by India but controlled by Pakistan. [...] Located at a height of around 20,000 feet in the Karakoram Mountain range, the Siachen Glacier is known as the highest militarized zone around the world. It is located so strategically that while it dominates Shaksgam Valley (ceded to China by Pakistan in 1963) in the north, controls the routes coming from Gilgit Baltistan to Leh from the west, and at the same time, it dominates the ancient Karakoram Pass in the eastern side too. Further, towards the west, it observes nearly the entirety of Gilgit Baltistan, which too is an Indian territory illegally occupied by Pakistan in 1948.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-13): As late as 1938-39, the Government of India had once more reasserted its position on the Shaksgam area, after the Mir of Hunza had been advised in 1936 to cease the exchange of gifts with the Chinese and relinquish his rights over Raskam. Hence, in 1947, independent India inherited a boundary which included as Indian territory Hunza as well as the trans-Karakoram tract in Shaksgam, running along the Mustagh-Aghil-Qara Tagh-Kun Lun ranges. This line was compromised by Pakistan in its ‘agreement’ with the Chinese in 1963. By giving in to the Chinese claim to a boundary along the Karakoram Range, Pakistan not only compromised India’s position along the Kun Lun Range to the north-west of Karakoram Pass but, in effect, also gave the Chinese a chance to deny Kun Lun as India’s boundary with China east of the Karakoram Pass and to claim that it ran, instead, along the Karakoram Range. As such, China’s claims in the trans-Karakoram tracts to the west of the Karakoram Pass had absolutely nothing to do with its position to the east of the Pass since it had no historical presence at all in the area of Aksai Chin.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-06): Following the abrogation of Article 370 and reorganisation of the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), a China-Pakistan tandem has emerged to internationalise the issue, including in the UN Security Council . Pakistan has feigned solidarity with the people of Kashmir and continues to train and fund separatists and terrorists. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the global watchdog that monitors terror financing, has retained Pakistan on its ‘Grey List’ for a good reason. China’s support for Pakistan is motivated by a desire to perpetuate its own territorial grab in the trans-Karakoram Shaksgam Tract of Kashmir. [...] The Shaksgam valley in the trans-Karakoram tract, part of PoK, was handed over on a platter by a supine Pakistan to China through an illegal border agreement on March 2, 1963. However, the continuing Chinese occupation of Kashmir’s territory does not find adequate mention in the contemporary discourse surrounding this issue. [...] The provisional nature of the territorial settlement between China and Pakistan is evident in Article 6 of the 1963 agreement, which clearly states that "the two Parties have agreed that after the settlement of the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India, the sovereign authority concerned will reopen negotiations with the Government of the People’s Republic of China, on the boundary as described in Article Two of the present Agreement, so as to sign a formal Boundary Treaty to replace the present agreement". In effect, this agreement has established China as a party to the dispute. It has a vested interest in legitimising its illegitimate gains in the trans-Karakoram tract.
Claim: Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India (Trans-Karakoram Tracts, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-16): Pakistan, however, felt very differently—and was keen to internationalize the issue. The obvious ally was China, with which Pakistan has a long-standing friendly relationship. In 1963, the Sino-Pakistan Agreement, which was meant to address border issues between the two nations, successfully quelled certain disagreements between Islamabad and Beijing—but also drew China even further into the Kashmir question. The agreement resulted in the two nations exchanging territory, and within the parcels given up by Pakistan was the Trans-Karakoram Tract. The tract is famously inhospitable but is also disputed territory, and India argued that Pakistan had no right to give it up to the Chinese because India itself still claims it.