copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Swains Island is a territory of Tokelau (Swains Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-04-06): At roughly eight kilometers wide, Atafu Atoll is the smallest of three atolls and one island (Nukunonu and Fakaofo Atolls to the southeast and Swains Island to the south are not shown) comprising the Tokelau Islands group located in the southern Pacific Ocean. The political entity of Tokelau is currently a territory of New Zealand. In recent years, public referendums on independence within the islands have been held, but have not received sufficient support to move forward. [...] The Tokelau Islands, including Atafu Atoll, suffered significant inundation and erosion during Tropical Cyclone Percy in 2005. The approximate elevation of Atafu Atoll is only two meters above the tidal high-water level. Vulnerability to tropical cyclones and potential sea level rise make the long-term habitability of the atoll uncertain.
Claim: Swains Island is a territory of Tokelau (Swains Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-11-18): Two coral atolls are part of the political group, albeit not exactly part of the geological archipelago. They are Swains Island, presently essentially uninhabited and Rose Atoll, uninhabited. Swains Island is geographically part of the Tokelau group, but was settled by an American, Eli Jennings, in 1856. Jennings flew the American Flag and Swains was claimed for the United States by Jennings and by the United States Guano Company under the Guano Islands Act. [...] The Fono’s upper house, the House of Ali’i, (Senate), consists of 18 members, elected to four-year terms by matai (chiefs) of each district as designated by traditional Samoan custom, not by popular election. The House of Representatives elects 20 members, one from each district, to two-year terms. One additional non-voting member is elected from Swains Island in a public meeting. Candidates for House seats are elected by registered voters in their districts, thereby following the democratic principles of a representative democracy.
Claim: Swains Island is a territory of Tokelau (Swains Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Swains Island, coral atoll, American Samoa, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 280 miles (450 km) north of Tutuila. The atoll is 15–25 feet (5–8 metres) above sea level; it is circular in shape, with 8 miles (13 km) of shoreline, and encloses a freshwater lagoon. Probably first known to Europeans in the 19th century, the atoll was named for a whaling captain. It is not physiographically a part of the Samoan archipelago and was originally considered one of the Tokelau Islands. The American trader Eli Jennings, who had a Samoan wife, claimed the island in 1856, and it has remained the property of the family ever since. From 1916 to 1925 Swains was a part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. It became part of American Samoa in 1925. Copra is the chief product. Area approximately 1 square mile (2.6 square km). Pop. (2000) 37; (2010) 17.
Claim: Swains Island is a territory of Tokelau (Swains Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-03-07): As I mentoined in the thread 'I'm working on scenery... (2018)', I am developing scenery for the Tokelau Islands, which geographically includes 4 atolls: 3 compromising the nation of Tokelau itself - which is a dependent territory of New Zealand - and 1 which is Swains Island, part of American Samoa. The 3 atolls of Tokelau are located roughly 600 km north of American Samoa, with Swains island located midway. In the default scenery of FS2004 only Swains island is represented (and badly), with the 3 other atolls being nothing more than shallow banks (there is simply a shallow water WaterClass in each location of the 3), with the only piece of land being a small circular island at the rough center of the island nation which contains an NDB. [...] - Some scenery objects (all default FS9) scattered throughout the islands to give the scenery a less desolate appearance, such as fishing boats, piers, huts, and the tiny village on swains island, as well as the abandoned mansion of the ancestors of the owners of Swains Island
Claim: Swains Island is a territory of Tokelau (Swains Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2006-01-01): Swains Island is the northernmost island of the U.S. Territory of American Samoa. Situated approximately 320 km north of the Samoan hot spot track, it is geologically part of the Tokelau volcanic chain. It is about 2.4 km long with a lake of brackish water that is cut off from the ocean. [...] The oldest of his six children, Eli Hutchinson Jennings Jr., inherited the island and managed the estate and its copra plantation (copra is the dried meat of the coconut, used as food and for extracting coconut oil). His son, Alexander Hutchinson Jennings inherited the island, and his daughter inherited the estate. Finally, in 1925, Swains Island was formally made part of American Samoa by the US Secretary of State and Alexander Jennings was given official personal rights to the island. Currently, the island is inhabited by 4 to 30 people at a time in order to retain private ownership by the Jennings family and as part of the Territory of American Samoa. It is still covered by a circle of coconut trees; however, it is not run as an active plantation. The 2006 multibeam surveys reveal the absence of shallow banks outside the reef and steep slopes that descend to oceanic depths less than one km offshore.
Claim: Swains Island is a territory of Tokelau (Swains Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-31): According to Su’a, Swains island first became a Territory of the United State in August 1856 under the Guano Act and went on to be very prosperous in the copra trade. Then at the request of the U.S Navy and the U.S State Department, along with the support of President Calvin Coolidge, Swains island was made a part of American Samoa by an Act of Congress in May 1925. [...] "It seems Swains has become a Territory of American Samoa, and no longer of the United States. Yet, the U.S. Stated Department of Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) still recognizes Swains island as a territory of the United States. [...] Su’a said Swains island needs a landing craft to safely transport equipment and material to Swains island because of the lack of wharf or dock, internet communication; water purification system; sustainable renewable power; airport and a safe wharf.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Wake Island is claimed by the Marshall Islands but is administered by the United States as an unorganized and unincorporated territory and comprises part of the United States Minor Outlying Islands. The island is administered by the Department of the Interior and managed by the United States Air Force. While there are no permanent residents, approximately 300 people are present on the island at any given time, primarily military personnel and contractors. [...] - Commander Edward D. Taussig, U.S.N., - Commander U.S.S. Bennington, - this 17th day of January 1899, took - possession of the Atoll known as Wake - Island for the United States of America.[26] [...] Wake Island was now clearly a territory of the United States, but during this period the island was only occasionally visited by passing American ships. One notable visit occurred in December 1906, when U.S. Army General John J. Pershing, later famous as the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in western Europe during World War I, stopped at Wake on USAT Thomas and hoisted a 45-star U.S. flag that was improvised out of sail canvas.[30]
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-18): Wake Island is a tiny island in Micronesia in the Pacific Ocean, located 2/3 of the way from Honolulu to Guam, best known for its role in World War II. It is an unorganized United States territory, with no permanent residents, just members of the U.S. military and civilian contractors who manage the facility. Positioned just a few hundred miles west of the International Date Line (UTC +12), Wake Island is "in the future" from most of the world, and the rest of the United States. "Wake Island" is technically an atoll of three islands: Wake itself is V-shaped; Wilkes and Peale Islands are extensions of the legs of that V, separated from Wake by narrow channels. They surround a shallow lagoon and are themselves surrounded by a coral reef. The highest point is only 20 ft above sea level. The islands cover about 12.5 mi2, with a coastline of 12 mi. The island's airfield, including a runway running the length of the southern leg of the V, covers a substantial percentage of the land area. [...] Wake Island does provide an economical structure, including houses, dorms, and a 24-Hour Gym in the Downtown Area managed by both the U.S. Military and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-04): Wake Island is a tiny island in Micronesia in the Pacific Ocean, 2/3 of the way from Honolulu to Guam, best known for its role in World War II. It is an unorganized United States territory, with no permanent residents, just members of the U.S. military and civilian contractors who manage the facility. Positioned a few hundred miles west of the International Date Line (UTC +12), Wake Island is "in the future" from most of the world, and the rest of the United States. Understand [edit]Landscape [edit]"Wake Island" is an atoll of three islands: Wake itself is V-shaped; Wilkes and Peale Islands are extensions of the legs of that V, separated from Wake by narrow channels. They surround a shallow lagoon (the crater of the volcano that spawned the atoll), and are themselves surrounded by a coral reef. The highest point is only 20 ft (6.1 m) above sea level. The islands cover about 12.5 sq mi (32 km2), with a coastline of 122 mi (196 km). The island's airfield, including a runway running the length of the southern leg of the V, covers a substantial percentage of the land area. [...] Wake Island was struck by Super Typhoon Ioke, a category-5 tropical storm, in August 2006. The atoll's population of 188 at the time was fully evacuated. 70% of the buildings were damaged, but not as badly as feared, and major components of the island's infrastructure survived, including the airfield.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-16): History [edit]During World War II, the United States took control of the islands from Japan (which governed them as part of the South Seas Mandate) in the 1944 Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. The US military conducted nuclear testing on Bikini Atoll in 1946 through 1958. In 1965, the US government formed the Congress of Micronesia, a plan for increased self-governance of Pacific islands. The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in 1979 provided independence to the Marshall Islands, whose constitution and president were formally recognized by the US. [...] Wake Island dispute [edit]The United States and the Marshall Islands governments both claim Wake Island, which puts the United States armed forces in the ambiguous position of defending US territory while acting as guarantor (under the Compact of Free Association) of the territorial integrity of a state with which it is involved in a territorial dispute. The United States claims Wake Island as an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States.[9]
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Wake Island is situated in the Micronesia region of the Pacific Ocean, approximately 2,300 miles west of Honolulu, Hawaii. [...] Although geographically located in Micronesia, Wake Island is an unincorporated territory of the United States, administered by the U.S. Air Force. [...] Wake Island has a rich history, particularly during World War II when it served as a strategic outpost and witnessed several significant battles. It has also been used as a refueling stop for transpacific flights.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-01): Wake Island was probably visited by Micronesian and Polynesian settlers, and oral legends tell of periodic voyages to the islands by people from the Marshall Islands. Wake Island was uninhabited when Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana de NEYRA became the first European to see it in 1568 and still had no humans when English captain Samuel WAKE sailed by it in 1796. The United States Exploring Expedition visited the island in 1841 and the US annexed it in 1899 to use as a cable and refueling station between its newly acquired Pacific territories of Hawaii and the Philippines and Guam. In the 1930s, Pan-American Airways built facilities on Wake Island so that it could be used as a stopover for flights from the US to China. In January 1941, the US began to install military assets on Wake Island and in early December of that year, Japan attacked Wake Island, capturing it by the end of the month after a heroic resistance. Japan held Wake Island until the end of World War II, and in 1946, commercial airlines once again used Wake Island as a refueling stop.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-31): Jarvis Island is another uninhabited territory of the United States that can be found deep in the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the islands belonging to the United States Minor Outlying Islands and is administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The island was officially claimed by the British Empire in the middle of the 19th century, but nothing developed beyond that. In 1935, the United States took control of the island without the British hardly noticing. [...] Formally claimed by the United States in 1899, Wake Island originally served the United States as a place to stop in between trips from Guam and the Philippines. Military installations were ordered to begin construction on the island in 1939, but they were never finished. In 1941, the same day as the attack on Pearl Harbor, Wake Island was taken by Japanese forces. The island was eventually retaken by the Americans in 1945, but not without heavy resistance from the Japanese forces who still occupied the area. After the war, the island slowly lost its military importance, and its presence was cut back.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-10-18): Little information is publicly available about Wake, a secretive military base on a cluster of three small islands far out into the Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and Japan. Wake is operated by the U.S. Air Force through Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Alaska, and is located within the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. [...] A tiny 5-square-mile coral atoll that was uninhabited for centuries, Wake has no water supply, with residents relying on rain water and reverse osmosis, and is only marginally habitable. It was formally claimed by the United States in 1899, and when global air travel began, Pan American Airways established an outpost at Wake Island in the 1930s as a mid-Pacific refueling station for trans-Pacific air traffic. A small hotel operated there for the convenience of air travelers. [...] In 2009, the United States once again underscored its ownership and military control of Wake Island when President George W. Bush issued a proclamation creating the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. The measure was promoted as an effort to preserve and protect marine life. But the proclamation also made clear that the Secretary of Defense would continue to manage Wake Island, although in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and Secretary of Commerce.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-02): - Wake Island (Pacific) [...] Guam became a U.S. territory in 1898 after it was also ceded to the U.S. in the aftermath of the Spanish-American War. It is often called the place where "America Starts its Day" because it’s located on the other side of the International Date Line. [...] Yes. Guam is a U.S. Territory. It has been a territory of the United States since 1898, since it was ceded to the U.S. by Spain in the Treaty of Paris.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Early Micronesian and Polynesian settlers probably visited Wake Island, and oral legends tell of periodic voyages to the islands by people from the Marshall Islands. Wake Island was uninhabited when Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana de NEYRA became the first European to see it in 1568 and still had no inhabitants when English captain Samuel WAKE sailed by it in 1796. The United States Exploring Expedition visited the island in 1841, and the US annexed it in 1899 to use as a cable and refueling station for its newly acquired Pacific territories of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Guam. In the 1930s, Pan American Airways built facilities on Wake Island so that it could be used as a stopover for flights from the US to China. In 1941, the US began to install military assets on Wake Island, and Japan then captured the island and held it until the end of World War II. In 1946, commercial airlines resumed using Wake Island as a refueling stop. In 1973, the Marshall Islands claimed Wake Island, based on the oral legends, although the US has not recognized these claims. In 1974, the US military took exclusive control of the island’s airstrip and restricted visitors. In 1978, Bikini Islanders from the Marshall Islands, who were evacuated in the 1950s and 1960s because of US nuclear tests, considered rehoming on Wake Island, but the US military rejected that plan. Since the 1970s, the island has been important for missile defense testing. In 2009, Wake Island was included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-04-25): This unincorporated US territory is a strategically important island atoll in the Western Pacific Ocean that was claimed by the United States on January 17th, 1899. The island is unintegrated and set apart from other islands in the Pacific by a distance of 592 miles from its nearest neighbor, the Utirik Atoll, which is part of the Marshall Islands. Wake Island is actually composed of three islets. Namely, these are Wake, Wilkes, and Peale. These three islets are positioned around a lagoon. The atoll has a less than three square mile land area, and its location is in the central Pacific. The island was named after Captain Samuel Wake of the British Merchantmen who visited the island in 1796. [...] The United States has not incorporated and organized Wake Island, and as such many governmental services are lacking. Conservation efforts by wildlife personnel is virtually nil, and the parrotfish and wrasse populations have declined considerably here, both of which have been listed as "vulnerable" species. Once a thriving population, the Wake Rails that were once found living on the island is now extinct due to hunting for food by the Japanese during World War II. The island was the scene of a battle between Japanese soldiers and American soldiers in the Second World War after the Japanese made two attacks on the island. On December 23rd, 1941, they occupied the island and held US soldiers prisoners until their surrender in 1945 to the US forces. Today, the Marshall Islands still has an ongoing disputed claim to Wake Island.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-24): Wake Island is an island in the western Pacific Ocean that is an unorganized, unincorporated US territory. However, Wake Island is also claimed by the Marshall Islands. The island, which is a coral atoll and sometimes referred to as Wake Atoll, is located in the northeastern part of the region of Micronesia, approximately 1,501 miles from Guam, 2,298 miles from Honolulu, 1,991 miles from Tokyo, and 898 miles from Majuro. However, the closest inhabited island is Utirik Atoll, which is 592 miles away in the Marshall Islands. The island was claimed by the United States on January 17, 1899, and has an area of approximately 5.35 square miles. Most activity on the island is linked to Wake Island Airfield, which is used by the United States Air Force as a refueling stop or for emergency landings. With a length of about 9,800 feet, the airfield is the longest strategic runway in the Pacific region. [...] The United States Air Force assumed governing responsibility of Wake Island on June 24, 1972. Under the Wake Island Code, the Secretary of the Air Force has delegated leadership of the island to the General Counsel of the Air Force. The role of the general counsel is to provide legal, judicial, and civil authority. In addition, counsel can select judges for the Wake Island Court of Appeals and the Wake Island Court. The counsel also delegates other roles, such as the appointment of peace officers and the Commander of Wake Island. Other roles delegated to the Commander include imposing quarantines, carrying out inspections, issuing permits and registrations.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-15): Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a coral atoll having a coastline of 12 miles (19.3 kilometers) in the North Pacific Ocean, formerly known as Halcyon Island, or Helsion Island atoll. It is located about two-thirds of the way from Honolulu, Hawaii (2,300 statute miles, 2,004 nautical miles, or 3,700 km west) to Guam (1,510 statute miles, 1,302 nautical miles, or 2,430 km east). Wake Island is actually an atoll comprising three islands, Wake, Wilkes, and Peale, surrounding a central lagoon, and is built upon a volcano. [...] Wake Island is located to the west of the International Date Line and is one day ahead of the United States. [...] Wake Island was annexed by the United States on January 17, 1899. In 1935, Pan American Airways constructed a small village, nicknamed "PAAville," to service flights on its U.S.-China clipper route. The village was the first human settlement on the island and relied upon the U.S. mainland for its food and water supplies; it remained in operation up to the day of the first Japanese air raid in World War II.
Claim: Wake Island is a territory of United States (Wake Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-20): Wake Island is an atoll (a type of island) in the Pacific Ocean, near Hawaii. It is controlled by the United States Army and United States Air Force. It is a territory of the United States, part of the United States Minor Outlying Islands. From December 1941 to August 1945 the Empire of Japan ruled Wake Island. Geography [change | change source]Wake is located to the west of the International Date Line and sits in the Wake Island Time Zone, one day ahead of the 50 U.S. states. [...] - The Defense of Wake – United States Marine Corps historical monograph - Surrender of Wake by the Japanese – Marines in World War II - U.S. Army Strategic and Missile Defense Command Archived 2016-12-08 at the Wayback Machine – Logistics, flight schedules, facilities - Photographic history of the 1975 Vietnamese refugee camp on Wake Island - Wake Island travel guide from Wikivoyage - Wake Island – Pacific Wreck Database - Wake Island (1942) on IMDb - Wake Island: Alamo of the Pacific (2003) on IMDb