copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2022-03-17): The planet has been warming for more than a century. So far, the world has done a decent job at adapting to this change. The yields for many crops have doubled or even quadruped since 1960. Over the past century, the number of deaths per million people from weather and climate catastrophes have dropped by 97%. Losses from global weather disasters as a percent of GDP have declined over the past 30 years. [...] We should work to minimize our impact on the planet, which isn’t simple for a planet with 8 billion inhabitants. We should work to minimize air and water pollution. From time immemorial, humans have adapted to climate change. Whether or not we manage to drastically curtail our carbon dioxide emissions in the coming decades, we need to reduce our vulnerability to extreme weather and climate events. [...] Humans do have the ability to solve future crises of this kind. However, they also have the capacity to make things much worse by oversimplifying complex environmental issues and politicizing the science, which can lead to maladaptation and poor policy choices. In 50 years time, we may be looking back on the UN climate policies, and this so-called green economy, as using chemotherapy to try to cure a head cold, all the while ignoring more serious diseases. In other words, the climate crisis narrative gets in the way of real solutions to our societal and environmental problems.
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2011-12-13): Earth’s interior and surface environments are profoundly influenced by our position in the Solar System and interaction with the Moon and other planets. The Moon stabilizes the orientation of Earth’s spin axis and promotes climate stability, in stark contrast to, for example, Mars. Gravitational interactions between Earth and other planets, particularly Jupiter, cause small variations in the eccentricity, obliquity, and precession of Earth. While small, these variations are likely partly responsible for ice ages. [...] Recognition that people are now one of the dominant forces shaping Earth’s surface has opened new areas in the study of recent (i.e., historical) environmental records and in forecasting the effects of future population growth and development on environmental systems and landscapes. There is growing societal recognition that the geomorphological impacts of human land use have shaped ancient societies and continue to do so today, from the role of marsh destruction in exacerbating hurricane impacts on coastal cities to the erosion of the soil in which food is grown.
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2019-09-03): Geert Jan van Oldenborgh [...] Analysis of "Scientists: Here’s What Really Causes Climate Change (And It Has Nothing To Do With Human Beings)" [...] Earth’s orbit cannot explain modern climate change
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2021-05-25): Excerpt (out of the 3:08 to 5:08 min): [...] This is a 10:24 min long educational video, but the 3:08 to 5:08 min segment has it all. Get Published - Build a Following
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2023-09-04): Solar forcing is not the main cause of current global warming, contrary to claim by Alex Newman in the Epoch Times [...] There is overwhelming evidence that current climate change is significantly caused by human carbon emissions contrary to claim in Townhall [...] Earth’s orbit cannot explain modern climate change
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2017-11-10): Even today, it is frequently called the "Red Planet" because iron minerals in the Martian dirt oxidize, or rust, causing the surface to look red. [...] Go farther. Explore the Moons of Mars › [...] Occasionally, winds on Mars are strong enough to create dust storms that cover much of the planet. After such storms, it can be months before all of the dust settles.
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2019-10-21): It was the year 1958, to be precise, when NASA first observed that changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as "warming" (or "cooling," depending on their agenda). In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet by driving SUVs or eating beef, in other words. [...] As for earth’s obliquity, or its change in axial tilt, the below two images (Robert Simmon, NASA GSFC) show the degree to which the earth can shift on both its axis and its rotational orientation. At the higher tilts, earth’s seasons become much more extreme, while at lower tilts they become much more mild. A similar situation exists for earth’s rotational axis, which depending on which hemisphere is pointed at the sun during perihelion, can greatly impact the seasonal extremes between the two hemispheres. Based on these different variables, Milankovitch was able to come up with a comprehensive mathematical model that is able to compute surface temperatures on earth going way back in time, and the conclusion is simple: Earth’s climate has always been changing, and is in a constant state of flux due to no fault of our own as human beings.
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2023-05-23): In 2015, new research gave further weight to this theory, using simulations of planetary orbits in the early solar system as well as newly uncovered differences in the abundance of the element tungsten-182 detected in the Earth and the moon. [...] The moon's gravitational pull may have been key to making Earth a livable planet by moderating the degree of wobble in Earth's axial tilt, which led to a relatively stable climate over billions of years in which life could flourish. [...] The Earth's axis of rotation is tilted about 23.5 degrees in relation to the ecliptic plane, an imaginary disk through Earth's orbit around the sun. This means the Northern and Southern hemispheres point somewhat toward or away from the sun depending on the time of year, varying the amount of solar radiation they receive and causing the seasons.
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2023-11-30): It’s not hard to understand. In a world with just random local fluctuations but no climate change, about half the weather stations would show a (more or less significant) warming, the other half a cooling. With a modest amount of global warming, perhaps 60% would be warming and 40% cooling. With strong global warming, close to 100% will show warming, and that is exactly what is happening. It shows global warming has overwhelmed natural temperature variability, and that is what the Statistics Norway paper confirms yet again. Its authors literally don’t see the forest for the trees when they falsely claim the opposite. [...] The Statistics Norway authors try to cast doubt on modern warming being human-caused by pointing to the fact that Greenland was warmer during past millennia. But they don’t tell you why: as explained for example in the paleoclimate chapter of the 4th IPCC report of 2007 (which I co-authored), this is as expected from Earth’s natural orbital cycles. And they conveniently ignore global data reconstructions, which show Earth is warmer now than any time at least since the last Ice Age 24.000 years ago.
Claim: changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet (Ethan Huff, 2019-08-30)
Evidence (2010-01-01): Even more subtle motions exist. The circle traced out in the sky by the North Pole has little wobbles on it, because of a sort of rocking motion called nutation. Over a cycle of about 41,000 years, the tilt of the spin axis actually varies from about 22 to 25 degrees. In the first part of the 20th century the Serbian mathematician Milutin Milankovitch proposed that such variations in tilt, along with slight changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit, have triggered climate change in the past. Climate scientists now widely accept this model as explaining one of the many triggers of the onset and ending of ice ages. [...] Taking into account all that has been learned about Earth’s past and present, one can speculate in an informed way about what the future may hold for the planet. This involves exploring two basic scenarios: one in which humans have no effect or role and another in which people influence the course of events in various possible ways.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2020-04-30): Vaccines do not cause autism or mercury toxicity. The amount of mercury that infants receive through their diet is more than twice the amount ever contained in vaccines. Scientific evidence shows that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) arises through a combination of genetics and environment. Twin studies demonstrate a strong heritable component to ASD, with heritability estimates ranging from about 30 to 90%. Many genes involved in ASD risk are associated with brain and neuronal development.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2022-06-02): These claims were made by doctor of osteopathy Rashid Buttar on 30 April 2020, during a video interview. Excerpts of the video, which have been archived here and here, have been shared across social media platforms such as Facebook many times, and the claims have been made on many other occasions by prominent individuals, such as Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and former U.S. congressman Dan Burton. Buttar rehashes the discredited yet persistent claim that vaccines cause autism, and attributes this to mercury toxicity from thimerosal. Numerous large-scale studies have already shown that there is no association between vaccines and autism[1-21]. Buttar misleadingly conflates the element mercury with the compound thimerosal. While it is true that elemental mercury is highly toxic, and that thimerosal contains this element, thimerosal has very different chemical properties. One example that illustrates the difference between elements and compounds is sodium chloride, better known as table salt. Table salt is generally harmless, whereas elemental sodium reacts violently upon contact with water and elemental chlorine was used as a chemical weapon during World War I. [...] Buttar claims that vaccines labeled thimerosal-free still contain thimerosal but provides no evidence to support his statement. He also makes several claims about the toxicity of other vaccine ingredients, namely formaldehyde, nickel, aluminum, and "DNA adducts", again without any scientific evidence. It is true that formaldehyde can be toxic and that it is used in vaccine production. However, the amount of formaldehyde present in vaccines is too low to cause toxicity. The Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia states:
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2024-08-06): Vaccine ingredients do not cause autism One vaccine ingredient that has been studied specifically is thimerosal. Thimerosal is a mercury-based preservative used to prevent germs (like bacteria and fungi) from contaminating multidose vials of vaccines. Research shows that thimerosal does not cause ASD. In fact, a 2004 scientific review by the IOM concluded that "the evidence favors rejection of a causal relationship between thimerosal–containing vaccines and autism."1 [...] - Hviid A, Stellfeld M, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M. Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism. JAMA. 2003 Oct 1;290(13):1763–6.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2005-05-12): Evidence of Harm. Mercury in Vaccines and the Autism Epidemic: Medical Controversy [...] When Andrew Wakefield, the former Royal Free Hospital researcher who launched the scare about a link between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism in Britain, claimed that he had learnt everything he knew about autism from parents, this sounded merely disingenuous. In David Kirby's case, unfortunately, it appears to be true: he seems to take at face value every claim made by campaigning parents in the United States who believe that vaccines containing the mercury based preservative thiomersal caused their children to become autistic.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2007-10-09): Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories - PMID: 18172138 - PMCID: PMC2376879 - DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.113159 Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories [...] Mercury, vaccines, and autism, revisited.Am J Public Health. 2008 Aug;98(8):1350; author reply 1350-1. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.138776. Epub 2008 Jun 12. Am J Public Health. 2008. PMID: 18556596 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2016-06-01): The relationship between mercury and autism: A comprehensive review and discussion - PMID: 27473827 - DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.06.002 The relationship between mercury and autism: A comprehensive review and discussion [...] Baby hair, mercury toxicity and autism.Int J Toxicol. 2004 Jul-Aug;23(4):275-6. doi: 10.1080/10915810490502087. Int J Toxicol. 2004. PMID: 15371172 No abstract available.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2002-07-30): Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology in most cases. Studies of monozygotic twins report an average 60% concordance rate, indicating a role for both genetic and environmental factors in disease expression.1 Recent reviews in environmental health have suggested that early exposure to hazardous substances may underlie some cases of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ADHD, learning disabilities, and speech/language difficulties.2 In 1999, thimerosal used as a vaccine preservative was identified as a widespread source of organic mercury exposure in infants.3 Mercury (Hg), a heavy metal, is considered highly neurotoxic.4 The amount of mercury in vaccines, while small, exceeded USEPA safety guidelines on a cumulative basis.3 Certain individuals may exhibit severe adverse reactions to low doses of Hg which are otherwise largely benign to the majority of those exposed.5 Some individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder may represent such a sensitive population. As summarized in this paper, disease characteristics suggest this possibility: (a) ASD traits are known to arise from mercury exposure; (b) onset of ASD symptoms is temporally associated with administration of immunizations; (c) the reported increase in the prevalence of autism in the 1990s closely follows the introduction of two mercury-containing vaccines; and (d) elevated mercury has been detected in biological samples of autistic patients. Since ASD may now affect as many as one in 150 US children,6 and since thimerosal is still used in many products worldwide, confirmation of thimerosal as an environmental agent in autism pathogenesis has important societal and patient implications.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2020-06-01): Stehr-Green P, Tull P, Stellfeld M, et al. Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: lack of consistent evidence for an association. Am J Prev Med 2003;25:101-106. The authors compared the prevalence and incidence of autism in California, Sweden and Denmark with average exposures to thimerosal-containing vaccines between the mid-1980s and late-1990s. They found that exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccines was not associated with the increase in rates of autism in young children being observed worldwide. [...] The authors evaluated the incidence of autism in children born in Denmark between 1990-1996 who received either thimerosal-containing vaccines or thimerosal-free preparations of the same vaccine. They found that the incidence of autism or autistic spectrum disorders did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2020-05-15): Vaccines do not cause mercury toxicity or autism, contrary to claim in London Real video Vaccines do not cause autism or mercury toxicity. The amount of mercury that infants receive through their diet is more than twice the amount ever contained in vaccines. Scientific evidence shows that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) arises through a combination of genetics and environment. Twin studies demonstrate a strong heritable component to ASD, with heritability estimates ranging from about 30 to 90%. Many genes involved in ASD risk are associated with brain and neuronal development. [...] Buttar claims that vaccines labeled thimerosal-free still contain thimerosal but provides no evidence to support his statement. He also makes several claims about the toxicity of other vaccine ingredients, namely formaldehyde, nickel, aluminum, and "DNA adducts", again without any scientific evidence. It is true that formaldehyde can be toxic and that it is used in vaccine production. However, the amount of formaldehyde present in vaccines is too low to cause toxicity. The Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia states:
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2014-06-17): Keywords: Autism; Autism spectrum disorder; Immunisation; Mercury; Thimerosal; Vaccination; Vaccine. [...] A comparative evaluation of the effects of MMR immunization and mercury doses from thimerosal-containing childhood vaccines on the population prevalence of autism.Med Sci Monit. 2004 Mar;10(3):PI33-9. Epub 2004 Mar 1. Med Sci Monit. 2004. PMID: 14976450 - [...] Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder: a critical review of published original data.Pediatrics. 2004 Sep;114(3):793-804. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-0434. Pediatrics. 2004. PMID: 15342856 Review.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2024-05-14): All of the ingredients in vaccines are safe in the amounts used. You may have heard or read that some vaccine ingredients are harmful, but this is true only at much higher amounts than those present in vaccines. Any substance, even water, can be harmful at a high dose. [...] Vaccine ingredients have been carefully studied for a long time and are safe in the small amounts used. The ingredients in vaccines have not been proven to cause harm (disease or illness) in the small amounts used in vaccines, with the exception of allergic reactions in people with hypersensitivity to a specific ingredient. Before administering a vaccine, your health care provider will:
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2024-03-20): - do not contain any ingredients that cause harm – only ingredients essential to making them safer and more effective and only in very small amounts - do not cause autism – studies have found no evidence of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism [...] Vaccines contain other ingredients that help make the vaccine more effective. The main ingredient in vaccines is water. The other ingredients are used in very small amounts.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2012-01-01): Even as Dr. Wakefield's reported findings were being evaluated and repudiated, another stream of concern entered the public consciousness. The vaccine given to children whom Wakefield studied did not contain mercury, but some vaccines in the United States were preserved with a mercury-containing compound called thimerosal. An emerging public health concern about effects of mercury exposure coincided with Dr. Wakefield's publication. Because certain forms of mercury are toxic to humans in sufficient quantity, some parents and clinicians feared that thimerosal might be a cause of autism. Although this association has been refuted by scientific evidence, many people continue to believe that the two are related. [...] - Baker JP. Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories. Am J Pub Health 2008;98(2):2-11. [...] - Stehr-Green, P., Tull, P., Stellfeld, M., Mortenson, P., Simpson, D. Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: lack of consistent evidence for an association. Am J Prev Med 2003;25:101–106.
Claim: “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic (Rashid Buttar, 2020-04-30)
Evidence (2016-04-29): Mercury poisoning can be dangerous and even fatal. Children might be exposed to mercury from several sources, but the majority of exposure in the United States comes in the form of methylmercury, which is found in foods such as certain fish. Methylmecury is known to be toxic to fetuses. Thimerosal, a preservative once commonly used in vaccines, contains another form of mercury called ethylmercury. Some people believe that mercury in vaccines and from other sources can affect development of the nervous system and contribute to autism. However, extensive research has found no conclusive evidence that any part of a vaccine or combination of vaccines causes autism. Even so, aside from some flu vaccines, mercury compounds have been reduced or eliminated from most routine childhood vaccines.