copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-10-30): The new Indian government headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has pursued its foreign policy with exceptional vigor. One bout of "fast track" diplomacy came to an end with his euphoric visit to the U.S. and another has just begun with Modi hosting Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung. The first round also included successful visits to Bhutan, Nepal and Japan. The visit of Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott to India was likewise a success, even if understated. The success of the summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping however, cannot be stated as convincingly. Xi was given a grand welcome in Ahmedabad by Modi. In Delhi, Xi committed to a $20 billion investment in India over five years, yet while they were touring Gujarat, hundreds of PLA soldiers crossed the border into the Indian territory of Chumar. [...] The more complex and nuanced explanation of what happened in Chumar can be found in a book published in 2001. Protracted Contest by John W. Garver explores in detail the Sino-Indian rivalry during the twentieth century. A substantial part of the book focuses on their competition for influence over South Asia. Traditionally India has considered South Asia to be its sphere of influence. Various smaller nations of South Asia have found themselves locked in an asymmetric relationship with India, whose size and economy overshadows them. In their quest to counter perceived Indian hegemony, they have often reached out to China. Not having the best of bilateral relations with India, China has keenly established diplomatic, economic and even military relations with many of the countries.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-05-27): A 16-day stand-off ensued between Indian and Chinese forces in eastern Ladakh near the village of Chumar, after Indian soldiers tried to block Chinese construction work into what India considers its territory. This stand-off began on 16 September, the eve of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s first visit to India, about four months after Modi was elected PM. The stand-off began after the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) tried to extend the road from Chepzi towards Chumar (which India considers to be its own territory), and the construction work was stopped by Indian soldiers. Meanwhile, in Demchok, which is located in the Chumar area, PLA troops had pushed civilians into Indian territory to prevent ongoing work on an irrigation canal. [...] The stand-off was resolved after India and China managed to reach a quid pro quo. While the Chinese agreed to not pursue construction of the Chepzi-Chumar road, India agreed to demolish its observation hut at Tible in the same sector, and refrain from building bunkers there.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Jammu[b] and Kashmir[c] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[3] The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.[2] [...] The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is administered under the provisions of Article 239 of the Constitution of India. Article 239A, originally formulated for the union territory of Puduchery, is also applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.[73] [...] Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): There are several disputed territories of India. A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more states or over the possession or control of land by a new state and occupying power after it has conquered the land from a former state no longer currently recognized by the new state. India faces territorial issues with some of its neighbours – the People's Republic of China, Pakistan and Nepal.[1] The dispute with China also involves the Republic of China based in Taiwan.[2] India has resolved its un-demarcated border with Bhutan, which included multiple irregularities. India also resolved its border disputes with Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. [...] Arunachal Pradesh is a state of India created on 20 January 1972, located in the far northeast. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Burma in the east, Bhutan in the west, and China in the north. The majority of the territory is claimed by China, by whom it is called South Tibet. The northern border of Arunachal Pradesh reflects the McMahon Line, a line demarcated by the 1914 Simla Convention between the United Kingdom and the Tibetan government. The Simla Convention was never accepted by the Chinese government, and it was also considered invalid by Tibetans due to unmet conditions specified in the treaty.[7] The boundary was not broadly enforced by the Indian government until 1950. Currently, this territory is administered by India.[8][9]
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-13): Chumar (2014): Indian and Chinese forces locked horns in eastern Ladakh near the village of Chumar. The Chinese had started construction work in Indian territory, which the Indian forces objected to. The stand-off, which lasted 16 days, began on September 16, 2014, the eve of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s first visit to India, and was a huge embarrassment to him. While the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) tried to extend the road from Chepzi towards Chumar, in Demchok, PLA troops transgressed into Indian territory and prevented an irrigation canal work.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-12): Chumar or Chumur (Tibetan: ཆུ་མུར་, Wylie: chu mur) is a village and the centre of nomadic grazing region located in south-eastern Ladakh, India. It is in Rupshu block, south of the Tso Moriri lake, on the bank of the Parang River (or Pare Chu), close to Ladakh's border with Tibet.[1][2] Since 2012, China has disputed the border in this area, though the Chumur village itself is undisputed.[3][4] Chumar is along the course of Pare Chu river, close to Ladakh's border with Tibet. The Pare Chu river originates in India's Himachal Pradesh, flows through Ladakh, and turns southeast near Chumar to flow into what the British called the 'Tsotso district' (now Tsosib Sumkyil Township) in Tibet's Tsamda County. After about 80 miles, Pare Chu reenters Himachal Pradesh again to join the Spiti River.[5] [...] Chumar has been one of the most active areas on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in terms of interactions between Chinese and Indian troops. Located 190 km northwest of Zanda, it had long been an area of discomfort for the Chinese troops as, until 2014, Chumar had been one of the relatively few places along the Sino-Indian border where the Chinese had no roads near the LAC.[19][20]
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-15): Chumar is a place in the provences of Jammu and Kashmir, India.[1] The area is claimed by both China and India.[2] According to China's Ministry of Defence "the two countries’ border, to this day, has not been designated".[2] The problem is that for centuries, the sparsely inhabited mountainous region existed as a buffer zone between empires.[3] A border war broke out in 1962 that has to date killed thousands of soldiers. The tension between the two countries has come and gone but is now raised again.[3] References [change | change source]- ↑ "Where is Chumar in Jammu and Kashmir, India Located?". GoMapper. Archived from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2015. [...] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chumar.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-09-16): In Chumar, Chinese troops want India to vacate a position overlooking a new road that they have built. The dispute in Demchok is over Chinese grazers putting up tents in a common grazing ground along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). [...] As more details emerged regarding the situation on the border, there was a sense of worry in the Indian security establishment that the People's Liberation Army (PLA) has raised the bar in Chumar area, which was not part of disputed regions along the LAC. [...] In Chumar, India holds higher positions overlooking the other side of the LAC. The trouble started when China built a new road, which was visible from the Indian positions. The Chinese side now wants India to retreat, but India has refused to budge.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-12): Chumar (or Chumur) is a village and a border patrol facility located in south-eastern Ladakh, India. It is in Rupshu block, south of the Tso Moriri lake, on the bank of the Parang River (or Pare Chu), close to Ladakh's border with Tibet.[1][2] Since 2012, China disputes the border in this area, though the Chumur village itself is undisputed.[3][4] Chumar has been one of the most active areas on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in terms of interactions between Chinese and Indian troops. Located 190 km northwest of Zanda, it had long been an area of discomfort for the Chinese troops as, until 2014, Chumar had been one of the relatively few places along the Sino-Indian border where the Chinese had no roads near the LAC.[5][6]
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-31): At half past three in the morning on September 10, 2014, Indian forces found that Chinese troops had deployed heavy machinery to construct a temporary road inside Indian territory. Over the next twenty-four hours, Indian troops kept a watch on the 300 PLA soldiers, who after the initial road cutting activity, were camped in the area. Chumar, the last village in Ladakh, bordering Himachal Pradesh, has been a bone of contention, with China claiming it to be its own territory. At a height of around 15,000 feet, generally known as 30R, Chumar offers a vantage point at the apex of a ridge that gives the Indian troops a clear view of Chinese movements. The Chinese side wanted India to vacate the height, alter the frontier, and claim the area known as Tible-Mane. A journalist reported that some sources in the Indian army were puzzled by China opening up a "front" in Chumar for two reasons. First, Chumar had been undisputed till about 2013. Second, and more importantly, the frontier along Tible-Mane is recognized as the International Boundary and not as the LAC.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-08-31): CHUMAR STAND-OFF: APRIL - May 2013 Hours after Chinese troops pulled back from Daulat Beg Oldi, they came back in Chumar area in Ladakh. This time, the local patrol teams said that some 300 PLA troops were camping in Chumar. Chinese troops came there objecting to tin shed structures put by the Indian forces. [...] Chumar is the last village in Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir bordering Himachal Pradesh. Chumar has been a bone of contention between India and China with latter claiming it to be its own territory. Chinese troops have been foraying into this border area with their helicopters almost every year. This time, their troops raised tents on the ground.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-10-05): A year after Indian and Chinese soldiers were caught in a tense border standoff in Ladakh’s Chumar sector, it has emerged that the Indian Army was prepared to use its special forces and had moved its toughest fighting men close to the incursion site, signalling a hardened posture along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). [...] "Border personnel meetings are taking place quite frequently since the Chumar incident – on an average once in 10 days. It has helped prevent things from spinning out of control," said another officer. The Chumar standoff began on September 10, 2014 when Indian forces found that Chinese troops had deployed heavy machinery to construct a temporary road inside Indian territory.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-09-21): The stand-off in Chumar area of Ladakh area took a new turn today with Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) pitching seven tents well within the Indian territory and showing no signs of withdrawing from the territory. The Chinese who had arrived in vehicles yesterday in Chumar, 300 km from Leh, started erecting the tents in the Indian territory despite repeated warnings by the army to vacate the area, official sources said. [...] Chumar, the last village in Ladakh area bordering Himachal Pradesh, has been a bone of contention with China claiming it to be its own territory.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-16): Particularly from the Modi government’s point of view, which has invested significant capital in engaging China, this is likely to be a crossroads moment. When Prime Minister Modi came to power in 2014, he tried to build economic cooperation with China, inviting Chinese investments in infrastructure in India. But even as President Xi Jinping pledged to invest USD $20 billion during his September 2014 visit to India, PLA troops intruded into Indian territory in Chumar. Modi then sought Chinese support for India’s NSG bid, and was spurned. After Doklam, he instituted high-level informal summits with President Xi to smooth over differences and come to a strategic understanding. However, any concessions India has made to accommodate the Chinese position, such as projecting an inclusive vision of the Indo-Pacific that would include Beijing or keeping Australia out of the Malabar exercises or downplaying the Quad, have not yielded results on issues that India cares about such as New Delhi’s concerns regarding the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor or the trade imbalance and market access issues between the two countries in China’s favor.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-09-17): The Chinese troops pulled back few days before Premiere Li Keqiang's maiden visit in May 2013.<br /><br />While troops from the Indian Army and Indo-Tibetan Border Police showed banners to the People’s Armed Police Force at Chumar asking them to go back, Indian troops could do nothing at Demchok, 300 km from Leh, where Chinese nomads pitched up tents 500 mt inside Indian territory. They are now refusing to vacate the territory. The Demchok dispute involves construction of a canal whereas at Chumar, the Indian Army objected to the construction of a road by China in what is perceived as undisputed Indian territory.<br /><br />Both of these sectors have witnessed several instances of Chinese transgression in the past in the absence of a mutually accepted boundary line.<br /><br />Minister of State for Home Kiren Rijiju informed the Parliament in August that the Chinese Army transgressed the Sino-Indian border 334 times this year and a total of 1,278 times between 2010 and 2013.<br /></p>
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-15): Beijing’s suspicions of India have likely been fueled by India’s growing infrastructure building activity near the LAC over the past decade. [3] Since 2008-09, India has reactivated abandoned airfields at Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO), Fukche, Depsang, and Chumar in Ladakh, and these airfields now serve as landing grounds for Indian Air Force (IAF) transport aircraft. It has also been constructing a network of "strategic roads" near the LAC. Work on these roads has accelerated in recent years, and 61 of the planned 73 roads are in various stages of completion (Economic Times, January 20). Importantly, India has completed construction of the 255 kilometer-long Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie (DSDBO) road, which links Leh (the capital of Ladakh) with DBO, India’s northern-most post (located just 9 kilometers south of the Karakoram Pass that separates Ladakh from Xinjiang) (Economic Times, June 8).
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-09-26): India and China are all set to end their 16-day-long military faceoff in the Chumar sector of eastern Ladakh after a high-level flag meeting between the rival armies ended on "a positive note" in the high-altitude region on Thursday evening. [...] The Indian posts at Chumar have for long irritated the PLA since they can "look into" Chinese territory and track troop movements there. In the backdrop of both armies indulging in aggressive patrolling to lay claim to disputed areas along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), Chumar has witnessed several "tense'' incidents and face-offs between the two forces in recent years. The Chumar sector as shown by the red pin. (Google maps)
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-09-22): LEH/NEW DELHI: The stand-off in Chumar area of Ladakh took a new turn on Sunday with China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) pitching seven tents well within the Indian territory and showing no signs of withdrawing from the territory. The Chinese who had arrived in vehicles yesterday in Chumar, 300km from Leh, started erecting the tents in the Indian territory despite repeated warnings by the [...] A yak crosses a road in Ladakh. (TOI file photo by Bilal Bahadur.) Chumar, the last village in Ladakh area bordering Himachal Pradesh, has been a bone of contention with China claiming it to be its own territory.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-30): For most of the year, the Indian troops stationed at Chumar, a remote corner of the high, dry desert plateau of the western Himalayas, do little but try to keep warm. In recent days, however, the struggle has been to cool down a standoff on the ill-defined and disputed border with China. More than 200 soldiers of the People's Liberation Army entered what India considers its territory last week and used cranes and bulldozers to build a 1.2-mile road, the Hindustan Times reported.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-12-16): Chinese troops apprehended five Indian nationals in the Chumar area of Ladakh, well inside the Indian territory, and took them to their side of the border — perhaps the first incident of this kind along the Line of Actual Control. [...] Transgressions by the Chinese troops have taken place often in Chumar, the only place along the Indo-China border where the Chinese do not have any direct access to the LAC.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-08-01): This weakness was on full display in April and May when the Chinese army seized land inside India’s Ladakh region. China withdrew its encamped troops only after three weeks of negotiation ended in virtual Indian capitulation. In exchange for China’s withdrawal from territory it had no right to occupy, India demolished a line of defensive fortifications in Ladakh’s Chumar area and ended forward patrols in the area. It also agreed to consider a Chinese-drafted "Border Defense Cooperation Agreement." [...] Encouraged by this bloodless victory, China has since upped the ante. Its military provocations include multiple raids and other forays across the Himalayan frontier, the world’s longest disputed border. On June 17, a People’s Liberation Army platoon raided Chumar, smashing up Indian surveillance and other equipment and taking away security cameras. The Indian government kept China’s raid under wraps for three weeks for fear that it would provoke public pressure to cancel its defense minister’s early July visit to Beijing. Despite that visit going ahead, four separate PLA incursions into Chumar have been reported this month alone.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-02): India, on the other hand, has only settled its territorial issues with Bangladesh and Sri Lanka over the past decades. The un-demarcated borders with Myanmar, Bhutan and China, Pakistan and Nepal often result in regional tensions between the neighbours.
Claim: Chumar is a territory of India (Chumar, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-07-30): A key defining event has been the three-week Chinese military incursion into Ladakh’s Depsang plateau, which ended on May 7 only after India virtually capitulated by demolishing a line of new defensive fortifications in the Chumar region, 400 kilometres to the south, and agreeing to consider a Chinese-drafted "Border Defence Cooperation Agreement". Since then, an emboldened China has escalated its military pressure on India. [...] China’s newest provocations, in fact, draw encouragement from its bloodless victory when it sneaked troops into Depsang and then, employing the threat of escalation, extracted Indian concessions. One of the concessions — suspension of forward patrolling in Chumar — has created the opening for stepped-up Chinese intrusions, designed to assert claims to that highly strategic area overlooking the Tibet-Xinjiang highway. By making India remove fortifications and halt forward patrolling in Chumar, China accomplished two objectives — securing India’s acquiescence to Chinese-defined constraints on deployment and surveillance and an Indian acknowledgment, even if tacit, that the area is disputed. Pursuit of the next objective will likely witness Beijing’s call for "mutual accommodation" and "mutual respect" to achieve a dispute resolution on the basis of a now-familiar Chinese dictum — "what is ours is ours to keep, but what is yours must be on the negotiating table to be settled through give-and-take".
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China This article is about territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China (PRC). A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more political entities. Many of China's territorial disputes result from the historical consequences of colonialism in Asia and the lack of clear historical boundary demarcations. Many of these disputes are almost identical to those that the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei, also known as Taiwan, has with other countries. Therefore, many of the subsequent resolved disputes made by the PRC after 1949 with other governments may not be recognized by the ROC.[1]
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-06): In the far northeastern corner of China on the border with Russia, it shows Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, an island at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers, as Chinese territory, even though the countries signed an agreement nearly 20 years ago to split the island.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-20): The People’s Republic of China has two distinct territories known as Special Administrative Regions (SARs). These territories are known as Hong Kong and Macau. Both are located along the coast of southern China. In fact, they are just 60 km from each other. Hong Kong is located on the eastern side of the Pearl River Estuary, while Macau is on the western side of it. Both Hong Kong and Macau were formerly European colonies that were returned to Chinese sovereignty. Both SARs also have a certain degree of economic and political autonomy, as opposed to other provinces and autonomous regions of China. Hong Kong is larger and much more populous than Macau. It is also one of the most important centers of economic activity in the world. For its part, Macau does not boast the same level of economic importance as Hong Kong, though it is a popular tourist destination, as well as a mecca for gambling.