copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-01-01): StraitSingapore Strait: The City in Front of a CityMartin García and Magnus Nickl [...] The Singapore Straits is maintained and managed by three countries, each responsible for providing security, ensuring safety and protecting the environment. The independence of Singapore in 1965 was followed by its economic rise as one of the world’s busiest ports, leading to the region’s growing economic asymmetry. At the same time, political relationships among the three countries have remained strained and difficult; for example several border disputes along the Straits still remain unresolved. As a result of these complex influences, the space of the Straits is remarkably complex and intricate too; it is highly regulated, criss-crossed by hard borders, and fragmented into various restricted zones. The Indonesia-Singapore border lies along the Straits, thus the busiest shipping route overlaps with a national border, and cross traffic of people and goods from one country to another constantly interferes with the through traffic of international shipping. By contrast, the space of the Straits has been much more open for local travel in the past and the fragmentation is a novel and arguably a strengthening phenomenon.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-13): In June 2014, drivers crossing the causeway between Singapore and Johor, Malaysia, began to notice something strange. A slender sandbar, which had long stood in the middle of the narrow straits, had started to grow, and was slowly inching toward Singapore. Construction vehicles had arrived, and small barges passed continuously, dumping load after load of sand into the water. Newspapers soon reported that this expanding mound was to become the site of Forest City, a 2,000-hectare high-rise housing development jutting out from the Malaysian port of Tanjung Pelepas. As this privately funded project crept toward Singapore’s national border, the security state doubtlessly felt violated. In response, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong requested that the Malaysian government halt work on the project, and threatened to file a complaint with the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in Hamburg.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-05-29): From the Straits Settlements to Singapore [...] Governance in the Straits Settlements, 1796–1874 [...] Book Subtitle: From the Straits Settlements to Singapore
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-08-23): The Straits of Malacca consist of a narrow but lengthy waterway that extends more than 500 miles from the eastern limits of the Andaman Sea to the South China Sea in Southeast Asia. Straddling the sea route between the Indonesian island of Sumatra, the Thai-Malay Peninsula, and the small city-state of Singapore, the Straits of Malacca are known globally for their economic, political, environmental, and strategic importance. The Straits themselves link the Indian Ocean to some of Asia’s most powerful economies, as well as many other trade-influential countries, like the United States, Germany, and Russia. More than 60,000 vessels traverse the critical chokepoint per year, carrying more than a third of global trade. Due to the amount of traffic, the region is also home to some of the busiest ports in the world, particularly in Singapore. The Straits attract foreign investment with the amount of commerce and trade it supports. The Straits are also the focal point of legal and political issues, such as the sovereignty of territorial waters and the responsibility to secure the waterway. Likewise, the waterway is a source of environmental concern for the littoral countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The maintenance of the environment is important to all three states in order to not deter tourism or development projects in the area, both of which can in turn influence the economic and political sectors directly. Finally, the Straits are crucial for worldwide communication and resource exchange, making them internationally significant.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-26): Stretching from the westernmost corner of Malaysia to the tip of Indonesia’s Bintan Island, the Malacca and Singapore straits serve as global shipping superhighways. Each year, more than 120,000 ships traverse these waterways, accounting for a third of the world’s marine commerce. Between 70% and 80% of all the oil imported by China and Japan transits the straits. [...] According to a 2010 study by the One Earth Future Foundation, piracy drains between $7 billion and $12 billion dollars from the international economy each year. The Asian share of that represents buccaneering on a lavish scale, and it is becoming more ambitious. In recent months, well-armed and organized criminal groups have focused their efforts on the oil tankers that exit the narrow Malacca and Singapore straits and venture into the South China Sea. Here, the territory is vast, law enforcement’s resources are stretched, and the potential profits are immense.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-03-11): Regarding its geopolitics, Singapore’s traditional significance has become ever more important. Singapore is a small island city-state sitting at the bottom of the Malayan peninsula, the junction point between the South China Sea and Strait of Malacca, and in a wider sense between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Malacca Strait is a key trade route, the choke point between the Indian Ocean and East Asia/the Pacific. Energy supplies flowing through the Malacca Strait are of particular significance for Japan, India, and China.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-01-18): Singapore Strait (1953). Limits of oceans and seas. 3rd edition. IHO Special Publication, 23. International Hydrographic Organization (IHO): Monaco. 38 pp. (look up in
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-18): Another key factor related to maritime delimitation is the maritime security issue. Maritime delimitation is often conducted in order to establish stability in a certain region by clarifying each state's maritime belonging. Meanwhile, the Malacca Strait and the Singapore Strait, where Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks, and South Ledge are located, are considered as insecure areas with high level of navigational incidences. These incidences include, but are not limited to, hijacks, robbery, violent boarding, kidnap-for-ransom, boarding, and discharge of firearms. Therefore, security patrols need to be enhanced in the region with better collaboration among neighbouring states: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Joint patrol is one of the options for the three. However, without certainty in maritime division, since maritime delimitation has not yet been completed in the region, security enforcement may be problematic. The certainty in territory ownership and maritime jurisdiction will motivate the efforts to maintain maritime security. Therefore, maritime delimitation, being one of the essential requirements in security maintenance, should be one of the top priorities on the agenda.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Countries included in the territory Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand Languages in which the gospel is preached Bahasa, Burmese, Chinese (Amoy, Cantonese, Hokkien, Mandarin), English, Falam, Hakah, Karen, Matu, Mindat, Mizo, Paoh, Tamil, Tedim, Telegu, Thado, Zarngeit Periodicals The War Cry Colonel Hary Haran - Territorial Commander [...] Territorial Headquarters 20 Bishan St 22
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-19): It is expected that both countries will also involve the private sector, including government-controlled corporations, to help spearhead the anchor projects in the area. New agencies with authority and mandate to develop and operate the JSSEZ will need to be established by the Malaysian side. And new laws may need to be passed to provide special privileges to businesses and people operating in the JSSEZ. [...] If the project is ultimately well conceived and implemented, the JSSEZ would be – at the risk of hyperbole - a game changer. It would herald a new level of cooperation and amity between the two countries, lending continued stability in the region which oversees one of the world's busiest shipping routes. It would generate significant new investments for Johor and Malaysia, and allow Singaporean, and international businesses, to tap on both Singapore's international financial centre and access Johor's larger land mass, power, water, IT infrastructure and trained workforce. It would raise incomes on both sides of the Straits of Johor, and bring employment, technology and revenues to the state of Johor. [...] Imagine a region where cross border travel to and from JSSEZ vis-à-vis Singapore is fast and easy. Singaporean and international business owners, professionals, workers, educationalists can travel freely and offer their capital, knowledge and skills to businesses set up in the JSSEZ. Singaporeans could live and play in the JSSEZ, and Malaysians can tap into the employment and higher income afforded by value added and high technology international businesses located at their doorstep in Johor. All in the interest of the common prosperity of both countries.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-05-18): Both sides invoked sovereignty to defend their claims. Singapore’s government described Malaysia’s move as encroaching "Singapore’s territorial waters off Tuas". Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat claimed Malaysia’s move was a violation of international law. Other Singaporean ministers accused Malaysian government vessels of intruding its territorial waters. [...] The dispute should be understood in its broader historical context. In 1979, Malaysia mapped its sea territory, provoking protests from Singapore. In 1995, Malaysia and Singapore agreed upon (most of) a maritime boundary in the Johor Strait. In 1999, Malaysia published its amended Johor Bahru port limits, which corresponded to the territorial sea limits claimed in its 1979 map. The new moves extend the port limits beyond Malaysia’s 1979 territorial claim. [...] Another key maritime and territorial issue has been the ownership of Pedra Branca – a small island located at the eastern entrance of the Straits of Singapore – as well as two maritime features, Middle Rocks and South Ledge, a low-tide elevation. In 2008, the International Court of Justice awarded Singapore sovereignty of Pedra Branca. Malaysia filed an application to have the case reopened on the basis of new historical records, however, this last-ditch effort was abandoned in 2018.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-04): Elevation highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m [...] note 1: the Digital and Intelligence Service (DIS) was stood up as the fourth SAF service in October of 2022 note 2: the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force (GCSPF) is a paramilitary unit for riot control and acts as a rapid reaction force note 3: in 2009, Singapore established a multi-agency national Maritime Security Task Force (MSTF) to work with law enforcement and maritime agencies to guard Singapore’s waters, including conducting daily patrols, as well as boarding and escort operations in the Singapore Strait; the MSTF is subordinate to the Singapore Navy [...] Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily (2024)
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): The states and federal territories of Malaysia are the principal administrative divisions of Malaysia. Malaysia is a federation of 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federal territories (Wilayah Persekutuan). [...] Sabah and Sarawak [edit]The states of Sabah and Sarawak merged with the existing states of the Federation of Malaya and Singapore pursuant to the Malaysia Agreement in 1963 to form the independent state of Malaysia. Representatives from Sabah and Sarawak demanded a higher degree of autonomy as part of the bargain which were included in the 20-point agreement and 18-point agreement respectively. While both states arguably joined the federation as equals to Malaya, the Malayan government and constitution became the Malaysian government and constitution. The constitutional amendment codifying the enlarged federation initially listed Sabah and Sarawak separately to the other states, however it was later amended again to list both these entities together with the other states, suggesting a status equal to the original states of Malaya. Sabah and Sarawak still retained a higher degree of autonomy than the peninsular states in areas such as immigration, state revenue, and legislative power over land and local government. However, federal influence over their politics increased over time, including direct interference in the state assemblies.[7][10]
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-28): Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, largest city and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government. The nearby planned capital of Putrajaya was the administrative capital; which represents the seat of both the executive branch (Cabinet, federal ministries and agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. With a population of over 34 million, Malaysia is the world's 43rd-most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a number of endemic species.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-08): See also [edit]- 18-point agreement - 20-point agreement - 2021 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia - Cobbold Commission - Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965 - Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation - Malaysia Act 1963 - Manila Accord - Separatist movements in Malaysia - Timeline of Malaysian history - Proclamation of Singapore - Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-17): The states and federal territories of Malaysia are the principal administrative divisions of Malaysia. Malaysia is a federation of 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federal territories (Wilayah Persekutuan). [...] The states of Sabah and Sarawak merged with the existing states of the Federation of Malaya and Singapore pursuant to the Malaysia Agreement in 1963 to form the independent state of Malaysia. Representatives from Sabah and Sarawak demanded a higher degree of autonomy as part of the bargain which were included in the 20-point agreement and 18-point agreement respectively. While both states arguably joined the federation as equals to Malaya, the Malayan government and constitution became the Malaysian government and constitution. The constitutional amendment codifying the enlarged federation initially listed Sabah and Sarawak separately to the other states, however it was later amended again to list both these entities together with the other states, suggesting a status equal to the original states of Malaya. Sabah and Sarawak still retained a higher degree of autonomy than the peninsular states in areas such as immigration, state revenue, and legislative power over land and local government. However, federal influence over their politics increased over time, including direct interference in the state assemblies. [7] [10] [...] The Federal Territories in Malaysia comprise three territories—Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya—governed directly by the Federal Government of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital of Malaysia, Putrajaya is the administrative capital, and Labuan is an offshore international financial centre. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are enclaves in the state of Selangor. Labuan is an island off the coast of Sabah.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Labuan (/ləˈbuːən/), officially the Federal Territory of Labuan (Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan), is an island federal territory of Malaysia. Its territory includes Labuan Island and six smaller islands, off the coast of the state of Sabah in East Malaysia. Labuan's capital is Victoria and is best known as an offshore financial centre offering international financial and business services via Labuan IBFC since 1990 as well as being an offshore support hub for deepwater oil and gas activities in the region. It is also a tourist destination for people travelling through Sabah, nearby Bruneians and scuba divers. The name Labuan derives from the Malay word labuhan which means harbour.[5]
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Malaysia is the 66th largest country by total land area, with a total area of 330,803 km2 (127,724 sq mi).[9] It has land borders with Thailand in West Malaysia, and Indonesia and Brunei in East Malaysia.[19] It is linked to Singapore by a narrow causeway and a bridge. The country also has maritime boundaries with Vietnam[161] and the Philippines.[162] The land borders are defined in large part by geological features such as the Perlis River, the Golok River and the Pagalayan Canal, whilst some of the maritime boundaries are the subject of ongoing contention.[19] Brunei forms what is almost an enclave in Malaysia,[163] with the state of Sarawak dividing it into two parts. Malaysia is the only country with territory on both the Asian mainland and the Malay archipelago.[164] The Strait of Malacca, lying between Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, is one of the most important thoroughfares in global commerce, carrying 40 per cent of the world's trade.[165]
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-18): Federal Territories of Malaysia The Federal Territories (FT), (Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan; Jawi: ولايه ڤرسکوتوان) in Malaysia comprise three territories—Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya—governed directly by the Federal Government of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital of Malaysia, Putrajaya is the administrative capital, and Labuan is an offshore international financial centre. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are enclaves in the state of Selangor. Labuan is an island off the coast of Sabah. [...] It was realised that if Kuala Lumpur remained part of Selangor, clashes between the federal government and Selangor state government might arise when they are controlled by different parties. The solution was to separate Kuala Lumpur from the state and place it under direct federal rule. On 1 February 1974, the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur Agreement was signed, and Kuala Lumpur became the first federal territory of Malaysia.[2]
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Only the continental shelf boundary has been determined between the two countries for this segment of their maritime border. The border follows the equidistant line between the baselines of Indonesia and Malaysia and Point 20 is the equidistant point between Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam (see table below).[16] Point 20 is the western terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which the two countries agreed to in 2003 and the easternmost point of the area of overlapping claims between Malaysia and Vietnam. [...] Point 25 is also the eastern terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which was agreed to by the two countries in 2003, making it the common tripoint of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. This is also the western terminus of the Malaysian continental shelf boundary in South China Sea as asserted in the country's 1979 territorial sea and continental shelf boundary map. The boundary is however not recognised by any other country.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-27): Eleven of these states and two federal territories are geographically situated on the Malay Peninsula, and together they are called Peninsular Malaysia. The two remaining states are found on the Island of Borneo while the last federal territory is made up of islands on the shores of Borneo. This last batch is collectively referred to as East Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur is one of Malaysia's three federal territories. It is located on the Malay Peninsula, and is entirely surrounded by the state of Selangor. Kuala Lumpur became Malaysia's first federal territory when it separated from Selangor in 1974. It is Malaysia's capital city, and houses the Istana Negara (National Palace) of the monarch, as well as the parliament. As of 2016, the population of Kuala Lumpur was 1,768,000.
Claim: Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia (Point 20, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Malaysia's maritime boundary in its 1979 map is not recognised by Singapore[8] and Singapore disputes many parts of the territorial sea and continental shelf claimed by Malaysia. Among them is a slice of territorial waters called the "Point 20 sliver" (see below), and previously, the sovereignty of Pulau Batu Puteh/Pedra Branca which lies within the 12-nautical-mile (22 km) territorial waters claimed by Malaysia but has since been decided by the International Court of Justice in Singapore's favour. [...] The Tuas development, however, can be deemed a case of territorial dispute as Malaysia claims the reclamation works has encroached into its territorial waters in an area called the "Point 20 sliver".[17] The "sliver", regarded as an anomaly by Singapore, arises as a result of the unilateral declaration of Malaysia's territorial waters boundary as defined by a 1979 map published by Malaysia where, between turning points No 19 and No 21, Point 20 strikes out to the east of the general continental shelf boundary towards Singapore, thus forming a triangle of Malaysian territorial waters extending eastwards from the general north–south territorial waters boundary. The Tuas development reclamation project encroaches into this sliver of territorial waters. Singapore does not recognise the 1979 continental shelf boundary and, thus, does not recognise the "point 20 sliver" as under Malaysian sovereignty.[18]