copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-29): This subdivision in the South region of Cameroon is located on the country’s Atlantic coast, North of the mouth of River Ntem, which marks the border with Equatorial Guinea. With a surface area of 276,000 hectares, Campo is one of the few areas in the Congo Basin where forest and coastal communities live peacefully together.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2006-01-01): Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a unitary republic of central Africa. It borders Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and the Gulf of Guinea. Cameroon, a German colony at the time of World War I, was split among the French and British as war spoils after the defeat of Germany. In 1960, French Cameroun became independent as the Republic of Cameroun, and merged with the southern part of British Cameroons in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. It was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon in 1972, and the Republic of Cameroon or République du Cameroun in 1984 (its official languages are English and French). [...] The country has four patterns of drainage. In the south, the principal rivers—the Wouri, Sanaga, Nyong, and Ntem—flow southwestward or westward directly into the Gulf of Guinea. The Dja and Kadeï, however, drain southeastward into the Congo River. In northern Cameroon, the Benoué River (Benue) runs north and west, eventually into the Niger, while the Logone River flows northward into Lake Chad. [...] Some of the borders of Cameroon follow rivers, including the Aïna River and Ntem River.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-24): Administrative divisions 7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas [...] Disputes - international in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation; UN urged Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane and lesser islands and to create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Cameroon has four major aquifers and a network of rivers. In the north, the Logone River flows into Lake Chad. The Benoue River also runs north, emptying into the Niger River in Nigeria. In the south, the Ntem, Nyong, Sanaga and Wouri rivers flow west into the Gulf of Guinea. Major wetlands include mangrove forests on the coasts and the Yaeres floodplains in the northern Waza Logone region. Lake Chad, at the tip of the extreme north of the country, is shared with Chad, Nigeria and Niger. Cameroon has tectonic lakes (Ossa, Dissoni and Ejagham) and several volcanic lakes that store carbon dioxide and other gases below their lake bottoms. Scientists believe that in 1986 heavy rains disturbed the bottom of Lake Nyos, causing an expulsion of carbon dioxide that killed 1,700 people in the villages surrounding the lake (SDSU 2006; FAO 2005; Moula and Lambi 2006).
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-02-02): In the mid-20th century Cameroon was largely a trust territory under France supervised by the United Nations. After it was promised independence, local government began discussing a possible national flag in 1957. One popular symbol suggested for the flag was the prawn that had given the country its name. (The Portuguese place-name Rio dos Camarões ["River of the Prawns" or "River of Shrimps"] was corrupted into Cameroons or Cameroon.) In the end, however, the members of the legislature favoured a simple flag of three equal vertical stripes, a design inspired by the French Tricolor. The influence of the African Democratic Rally, the leading local political force in French West Africa, was felt when colours were chosen. Its party colours (green, yellow, and red) symbolized the struggle of Africans for self-government following World War II. Cameroon therefore decided to use green-red-yellow on its flag, which was first officially hoisted on October 29, 1957. After independence on January 1, 1960, the flag was retained, but slight modifications were subsequently made. The amalgamation of part of the British Cameroons into the country led to the addition of two yellow stars to the green stripe of the flag on October 1, 1961.
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-08-02): Bamileke-Bamu 24.3%, Beti/Bassa, Mbam 21.6%, Biu-Mandara 14.6%, Arab-Choa/Hausa/Kanuri 11%, Adamawa-Ubangi, 9.8%, Grassfields 7.7%, Kako, Meka/Pygmy 3.3%, Cotier/Ngoe/Oroko 2.7%, Southwestern Bantu 0.7%, foreign/other ethnic group 4.5% (2018 est.) [...] local short form: Cameroun/Cameroon former: Kamerun, French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon etymology: in the 15th century, Portuguese explorers named the area near the mouth of the Wouri River the Rio dos Camaroes (River of Prawns) after the abundant shrimp in the water; over time the designation became Cameroon in English; this is the only instance where a country is named after a crustacean [...] Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-02): Geography - note the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea [...] Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-17): - Ewane, E.B.; Lee, H.H. Assessing land use/land cover change impacts on the hydrology of Nyong River Basin, Cameroon. J. Mt. Sci. 2020, 17, 50–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [...] - Olivry, J.C. Fleuves et Rivieres du Cameroun; MESIRES-ORSTOM: Paris, France, 1986. [Google Scholar] [...] - Mpakam, H.G.; Ombolo, A.; Samba, A.P.; Bineli, A.E. The Impact of Climate Variabilities on the Water Resources of Nyong River (Cameroon) during Few Anterior Decades. Int. J. Geosci. 2016, 7, 459–469. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-07): - The Ntem estuary (2 000 ha), which lies at the mouths of the following rivers: Nyong, Lokoundjé and Ntem in the South region. Cameroon’s mangrove area (UNEP, 2007) dropped from about 272 000 ha in 1980 to about 195 000 ha in 2005 (a reduction of about 30 percent over a period of 25 years, or 2 500 ha/year of mangrove loss). Some mangrove pockets in Cameroon are still relatively untouched and the most important can be found in the Rio Del Rey Estuary, the Cameroon estuary and smaller estuaries of the mouths of the Sanaga, Lokoundjé and Ntem rivers. [...] Cameroon is drained from the Adamaoua Range along four major drainage basins: Atlantic, Zaire/Congo, Niger and Chad. A watershed exists along the South Cameroon Plateau separating coastal and Congo systems. The 3960 km2 of fresh water habitats includes large natural lakes (Lake Chad), reservoirs on dammed rivers (Lagdo, Mappe, Bamindjing), crater lakes (Barombi Mbo, Nyos), large rivers (Benue, Sanaga, Cross, Mungo, Wouri, Dibamba), rainforest rivers (Nyong, Ntem, Kienke, Ndian, Lobe, Lokoundji) and thousands of km of first and second order streams (representing 86 percent of total freshwater resources).
Claim: Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon (Ntem River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-01): Equatorial Guinea is composed of two regions, one continental and one insular consisting of two fundamental islands, Bioko and Annobon and smaller islands such as Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico and Mbañe. It has total surface area of 28,051.46 km2 distributed. The continental part limits to the north with the Ntem River and Cameroon, to the south and east with Gabon and to the west with the Atlantic Ocean. It shares the maritime borders with Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon and Cameroon. The population of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea is over 1.4 million (2020) people. The country has been one of the fastest growing economies in Africa in the past decade. After the discovery of large oil reserves in the 1990s, Equatorial Guinea became the third-largest producer of oil in Sub-Saharan Africa, after Nigeria and Angola. More recently, substantial gas reserves have also been discovered.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-07): The Okpara River is a river of Benin.[2] Originating in Borgou Department, it flows south and becomes the border between Nigeria and Benin before re-entering Benin and flowing into the Ouémé River, which ultimately drains into the Atlantic Ocean.[3] Several villages along the river are disputed between Benin and Nigeria.[4][5] [...] Climate [edit]Okpara River is a stream in Nigeria. It is located at an elevation of 75 meters above sea level. It has coordinates of 7°45'0" N and 2°28'60" E in DMS or 7.75 and 2.48333. The sun rises at 08:45 and sets at 20:52 local time (Africa/Lagos UTC/GMT+1). It is a Stream body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.[7] [...] - ^ "River Okpara, Nigeria". ng.geoview.info. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Rivers LG polls shows people are tired of emperors – PDP chieftain, Okpara A chieftain of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, in Rivers State, Austin Okpara, has said that the success of the conduct of the October 5, 2024, local government election in the state was an indication that the indigenes of the state were tired of oppression. Okpara stated this on Channels Television’s Sunday Politics programme.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-30): - Isiokolo - Ekrebuo - Kokori - Erhomeghwu - Okuidjerhe - Samagidi - Egbogho - Urhwokpe - Ekraka - Erhonaka - Erhorike - Okpara Inland - Okurutuyo - Okuekpagha - Unumane - Okoradaode - Okurufor - Okururhujevwe - Umiaghwa - Okurihohi - Okuibada - Erhokori - Orhoakpor - Ekrudu - Okukpokpo - Okureghwro - Eku - Igun - Otumara - Okpara W/S - Okorogba - Okurekpo - Okuredafe - Oviorie - Ovu Inland - Okuemeka - Okurekpagha - Okuogbamu - Ovwere - Urhodo - Okumodje - Obadjere - Ekpan - Igwevwore - Okwokpokpo - Ekusioro - Okurobi - Okuronika - Okuighele - Ekirugbo. [...] Further reading [edit]- "Ovie Of Agbon Kingdom, HRM Okpara I, Dead". The Nigerian Voice. 23 September 2012. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): A chieftain of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in Rivers State, Austin Okpara, says the success of the conduct of the October 5, 2024, local government election in the oil-rich state shows the indigenes of the state are tired of oppression. [...] Okpara, a former Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, knocked ex-governor Nyesom Wike for trying to control the structures of the PDP and the All Progressives Congress (APC) in the state "A man wants to control APC structure, he wants to be in control of PDP structure, in a state? How do you explain that?" he queried. Okpara applauded Governor Siminalayi Fubara for defying all odds to hold the local government election in the state despite the withdrawal of the PDP and the APC.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): In an announcement by the PSC on September 14, Okpara was posted to the Federal Capital Territory Command and was preparing to assume the role when another directive from the Force Headquarters on September 19 instructed him to report to Delta State Command instead. [...] From Delta State, Okpara in another statement on Wednesday by the PSC’s spokesperson, Ikechukwu Ani, has been redeployed to Cross Rivers State. [...] "CP Peter Ukachi Opara has finally been deployed to Cross Rivers State Command. He was earlier appointed the Commissioner of Police, Federal Capital Territory, FCT Command, moved to Delta State but has now been posted to head the Cross Rivers State Command."
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-10): The Okpara River is a river of Benin.[2] Originating in Borgou Department, it flows south and becomes the border between Nigeria and Benin before re-entering Benin and flowing into the Ouémé River, which ultimately drains into the Atlantic Ocean.[3] Several villages along the river are disputed between Benin and Nigeria.[4][5] Report says that the Okpara River heavily contaminated by toxic metals.[6] Okpara River is a stream in Nigeria. It is located at an elevation of 75 meters above sea level. It has coordinates of 7°45'0" N and 2°28'60" E in DMS or 7.75 and 2.48333. The sun rises at 08:45 and sets at 20:52 local time (Africa/Lagos UTC/GMT+1). It is a Stream body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.[7]
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-05): Okpara Inland is a community located in the Ethiope East local government area of Delta State Nigeria. This community is a progeny of the Agbon Kingdom. Local history has it that it is the first son of Agbon whose traditional seat of leadership is Isiokolo. The previous king of the community, now deceased, HRM Chamberlain Oyibocha Orovwuje, Ogurimerime Okpara I, used this community as his centre of leadership bypassing the ancient satellite of Isiokolo. [...] Agbon people have a long migrational history, their various traditions and accounts of origins and migrations subsist. According to one of the accounts, a man called Ukonorhoro, who migrated from Udo in Benin, gave birth to Agbon. Agbon migrated through Kwale, probably from Erhowa, settled at Ehwen and Erhivwi or Irri in present Isoko division of Delta State. From there he moved down to Utokori, close to Ughwerun; then to Olomu and through the present Ughelli territory of Ekuigbo to found Otorho r' Agbon now known as Isiokolo. The Okpara people further migrated from Agbon to their present position due to local instinct and avoidance of competition. On arrival on this new land via migration, Okpara also birthed few sons which would become sub-sections of the present community. They include: Eregbe, Erhi, and Etorogba. Erhi, in turn, gave birth to Osia, Isaba Uvwiaghoa, Onoriaro and Okei among others. Okpara was already dead at the time of migration from Isiokolo. Thus Osia and others led Okparas to a new settlement. Osia planted an Oghriki tree near the present site of Okpara hospital on reaching Okpara.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): A former Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, Austin Okpara, has said the outcome of the Rivers Local Government election showed that the people of the state were tired of oppression and dictatorship. [...] Okpara also berated the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Nyesom Wike, for trying to control the structures of the state’s PDP and the All Progressives Congress. [...] Okpara applauded Fubara for defying all odds to hold the state’s local government election despite the PDP and APC withdrawal, stating that the governor had no option.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): River Okpara (River Okpara) is a stream (class H - Hydrographic) in Nigeria (general), Nigeria (Africa) with the region font code of Africa/Middle East. It is located at an elevation of 75 meters above sea level. River Okpara is also known as Okpara, Okpara Riviere, Okpara Rivière, River Okpara. [...] Map and Photos River Okpara
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-20): - Ouémé River - Okpara River - Ogun River - Oyan River - Ofiki River - Ona River (Awna River) - Ogunpa River - Osun River - Erinle River - Otin River - Oba River - Omi Osun - Benin River - Osse River - Niger River[3]
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-06): In a fractured, fragmented and ruptured polity such as ours, where echoes of visionary leadership are a rarity, that of the late Premier of Nigeria’s defunct Eastern Region, Dr. Michael I. Okpara not only resonated penultimate week, but the embers of his legacy glowed and illuminated the entire hall of Shehu Yar’Adua Centre in Abuja. [...] Governor Otu’s recognition came at a pivotal time for Cross River State, which stands at the crossroads of opportunity and challenge. Otu articulated a bold vision for the state, emphasizing an economic blueprint inspired by Okpara’s legacy. His administration aims to catalyse growth across key sectors, including agro-industrialisation, infrastructure development, education, and health. By prioritising these sectors, Otu seeks not only to honour Okpara’s contributions but to create a sustainable pathway for prosperity that resonates with the needs of modern-day Cross Riverians. [...] As the echoes of Dr. Michael Okpara’s leadership continue to inspire, Governor Otu can only be challenged to translate this legacy into tangible progress for the people of Cross River State. The 2024 Michael Okpara Premier Leadership Prize serves as both an honour and a challenge—a call to action for a new generation of leaders to rise to the occasion and champion the values that will secure a brighter future for all.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-07-13): Dr. Okpara was a prudent manager of men and materials that made merit the hallmark of his leadership recruitment model. That was why he could accept Chief Okwulehie’s recommendation of the Obubra, Cross River State-born Dr. Samuel Imoke (1912-2015) for nomination as minister of education; it was for same reason that he had the presence of mind to bring late Chief Ogbuagu on board to head Eastern Nigeria Development Corporation (ENDC)…a regime of square pegs in square holes, that is! [...] Here is the reason Dr. Okpara’s kinsmen and women, Ndi Ohuhu, living in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in consultation with Ohuhu sons and daughters (home and abroad) have approached the finish line of their elaborate preparations to commemorate, posthumously, the centennial birthday anniversary of Dr. Michael Iheonukara Okpara, GCON (1920-2020) come next year. The essence being to matter-of-factly engage our present-day Nigerian leaders, at all levels, on the imperative of returning to the good old days of patriotic, quality and selfless leadership.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-27): Rivers state govnor Similaye Fubara bin declare Gift David Okpara Okpolowu aka 2-Baba and im gang members wanted for di alleged killing of SP Bako Angbashim, wey be di divisional police officer of Ahoada Division. [...] "Credible intelligence from di security agencies bin trace di entire incident to one Gift David Okpara Okpolowu (a.k.a. 2-Baba) and im criminal gang, wey don establish camps for di locality and dey responsible for di resurgence of violent crimes, including kidnapping and terrorism for Ahoada East Local Government Area of di State."
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-01): Nwankwoala, H. O., Harry, M. T., Amangabara, G. T., & Warmate, T. (2017). Impacts of Artisanal Refining Activities on Soil and Water Quality in Parts of Okrika and Ogu-Bolo Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 7: 503.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-17): By killing another notorious leader of a dreaded cult group, Gift David Okpara Okpolowu, a.k.a 2-Baba, in a shootout, the Rivers State Police Command has lost another opportunity to unmask the alleged powerful politicians sponsoring violent crimes in the state. Ejiofor Alike writes that two other cult leaders, Johnson Igwedibia, better known as Don Waney, and Honest Digbara, also known as Bobosky, were killed under suspicious circumstances without having the opportunity to expose their alleged powerful sponsors The Rivers State Police Command recently recorded a major victory against the criminal elements terrorising the state with the killing of a notorious cult leader, David Gift Okpara, also known as 2-Baba. [...] Okpara was said to have led the Icelanders, one of the most violent criminal gangs in the state that beheaded the gallant police officer in Odiemudie community in the LGA.
Claim: Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria (Okpara River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-04): In a fractured, fragmented and ruptured polity such as ours, where echoes of visionary leadership are a rarity, that of the late Premier of Nigeria’s defunct Eastern Region, Dr. Michael I. Okpara not only resonated penultimate week, but the embers of his legacy glowed and illuminated the entire hall of Shehu Yar’dua Centre in Abuja. [...] Governor Otu’s recognition came at a pivotal time for Cross River State, which stands at the crossroads of opportunity and challenge. Otu articulated a bold vision for the state, emphasising an economic blueprint inspired by Okpara’s legacy. His administration aims to catalyse growth across key sectors, including agro-industrialisation, infrastructure development, education, and health. By prioritising these sectors, Otu seeks not only to honour Okpara’s contributions but to create a sustainable pathway for prosperity that resonates with the needs of modern-day Cross Riverians. [...] As the echoes of Dr. Michael Okpara’s leadership continue to inspire, Governor Otu can only be challenged to translate this legacy into tangible progress for the people of Cross River State. The 2024 Michael Okpara Premier Leadership Prize serves as both an honor and a challenge—a call to action for a new generation of leaders to rise to the occasion and champion the values that will secure a brighter future for all.