copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-12-13): On the morning of June 5, 1967, Israel launched a preemptive strike against Egyptian forces in response to Egypt's closing of the Straits of Tiran. By June 11, the conflict had come to include Jordan and Syria. As a result of this conflict, Israel gained control over the Sinai peninsula, the Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem. Israeli claims on these territories, and the question of the Palestinians stranded there, posed a long term challenge to Middle East diplomacy. [...] By the end of May, despite diplomatic efforts, tensions continued to rise. The withdrawal of the United Nations forces from the Sinai, the redeployment of Egyptian troops to the Sinai, the massing of hostile forces on the Israeli border, and the signing of a Mutual Defense Pact between Egypt and Jordan on May 30, weakened U.S. efforts to dissuade Israel from taking military action. The war began on June 5, 1967, when Israeli airplanes attacked the Egyptian air force and destroyed many airfields. Between June 5 and June 11, Israeli Defense Forces led onslaughts against Egyptian forces in Sinai and Gaza, and against the Jordanian military in East Jerusalem and the West Bank. The conflict ended with significant battles against Syrian forces on the Golan Heights between June 9 and 10. By June 11, Israel controlled territory previously held by the Arabs in the Sinai, the Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-19): Top U.N. court says Israel's occupation of West Bank, East Jerusalem is 'unlawful' The top United Nations court in the Hague said Friday that Israel’s 57-year occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem is 'unlawful' and called on Israel to cease its presence in the occupied territories, including dismantling Israel settlements there and paying reparations. [...] Israel captured the West Bank – together with East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip – in the 1967 war against its Arab neighbors. Since then, Israeli settlers – who call the area Judea and Samaria – have built communities in the region which the international community has long deemed illegal.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-18): Illegal Israeli actions in occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory [...] Sessions Coverage 17 - 18 September 2024 - Resolution - Advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legal consequences arising from Israel’s policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and from the illegality of Israel’s continued presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: draft resolution (A/ES-10/L.31/Rev.1), adopted on 18 September 2024 - Videos - General Assembly: Tenth emergency special session (resumed), 53rd plenary meeting [3 hours and 24 minutes] [...] - Emergency Special Session of General assembly demands that Israel cease its settlement construction in East Jerusalem (25 April)
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-15): The Hague - The ICJ delivers its Advisory Opinion in respect of the Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem Meetings & Events / International Court of Justice / Cases / 186 - Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem (advisory) [...] The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, delivers its Advisory Opinion in respect of the Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem on 19 July 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court. Session held under the presidency of Judge Nawaf Salam, President of the Court.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-02): The total number of settlement plans and tenders advanced by Israel in 2023 was higher than in 2022, outdoing 2022 as the year with the highest number of settlement advancements recorded since 2012. [1] In 2023, 18,333 housing units (HU) were advanced in occupied East Jerusalem while in the occupied West Bank, 12,349 HU were advanced, leading to a total of 30,682 HU advanced. While 2023 also saw a high number of advancements in East Jerusalem, the 12,349 HU advanced in the West Bank represented a sharp increase compared to 4,427 HU in 2022 For the West Bank, it was the highest number advanced since the signing of the Oslo Accords. The advancements in 2023 represent a 180 percent increase over a period of five years. From the perspective of safeguarding a two state solution where Jerusalem could serve as a capital of both states, the Israeli settlement developments on the southern periphery of Jerusalem is severing the chances for contiguity between East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Construction in this area began on the first new settlement to be built in East Jerusalem in over 20 years, Givat Hamatos and a new settlement, the Lower Aqueduct, was fully approved just before the end of 2023. New settlement plans were also advanced in 2023 slated to be constructed within Palestinian neighbourhoods which has been known to cause friction. [...] [2] All settlements in occupied territory are regarded as illegal according to international humanitarian law while outposts are considered illegal according to Israeli law too, until they have gone through a process of legalization.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-06): The Silwan neighbourhood in East Jerusalem, where Al-Bustan lies, faces significant challenges including overcrowding, inadequate services, and the constant threat of demolitions and displacement. So far this year, 19 Palestinian properties have been demolished, displacing 52 people, including the Odeh and Badran families. Additionally, Silwan is heavily targeted by Israeli settler organisations, who are seizing Palestinian properties to establish settlements. Demolitions of Palestinian structures in East Jerusalem reached a record high of 229 in 2023, marking the highest number since the UN began monitoring in 2009. Half of these demolitions were homes. This year, between 1 January and 2 August, Israel has demolished 128 Palestinian structures, including 61 homes, displacing 330 people. [...] - On 19 July 2024, the International Court of Justice established in an Advisory Opinion that Israel’s presence in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, is unlawful and must immediately end. Israel is to withdraw its settlements, allow for the return of displaced Palestinians, and offer reparations for damages to real property.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Palestinian territory – encompassing the Gaza Strip and West Bank, including East Jerusalem – has been occupied by Israel since 1967. On 19 July 2024 the ICJ issued an advisory opinion detailing that Israel’s continued presence in the OPT is unlawful, asserting Israel must end its presence as rapidly as possible, immediately cease all new settlement activities and evacuate all settlers from the OPT. Various UN officials and investigative mechanisms have previously affirmed that Israel’s permanent occupation of Palestinian territory has no legal validity and has resulted in de facto annexation, which may amount to a war crime. In March 2022 the UN Special Rapporteur also reported that Israel has imposed a system of racial oppression and discrimination that satisfies the prevailing evidentiary standard for the crime of apartheid, a crime against humanity.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-07): The inhabitants of the different portions of the Occupied Territories are subject to the jurisdiction of different authorities. Israelis living in East Jerusalem fall under Israel’s civil and criminal law system (the Israeli government formally annexed East Jerusalem in 1980, although no other government, including the United States, has recognized this annexation). Palestinian residents (not holding Israeli citizenship) of Jerusalem are also subject to Israeli civil and criminal law. Israelis living in West Bank settlements are nominally subject to military law but Israeli authorities apply Israeli civil and criminal law to them. Palestinians living in the portion of the West Bank designated as Area C in the Oslo II Accord fall under Israel’s military legal system for criminal and security issues as well as civil issues, while Palestinians who live in Area B fall under PA civil law and Israeli military law for criminal and security issues.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-12-23): Reaffirms that the establishment by Israel of settlements in the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, has no legal validity and constitutes a flagrant violation under international law and a major obstacle to the achievement of the two-State solution and a just, lasting and comprehensive peace;
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-29): For half a century, Israel’s occupation of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip has resulted in systematic human rights violations against Palestinians living there. [...] The very existence of settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories violates international humanitarian law and is a war crime. Despite multiple UN resolutions, Israel has continued to appropriate Palestinian land and support at least 600,000 settlers living in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem. Until 2005, more than 9,000 Israeli settlers were illegally residing in Gaza. [...] Israel is (…) under an obligation to return the land, orchards, olive groves and other immovable property seized (…) for purposes of construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (…) All States are under an obligation not to recognize the illegal situation resulting from the construction of the wall
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-13): In the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, Israel captured the eastern portion of the city from Jordan. It still holds it now, and Israel considers it part of Israel. But in the eyes of the U.N. and nearly all governments, it's seen as occupied territory. [...] With the status of the city unresolved, Israelis who move to occupied areas of eastern Jerusalem are seen by most of the world as settlers. Israel, not recognizing the city as occupied, rejects that label. Palestinians say Israel is using settlers to divide their neighborhoods and diminish the Palestinian presence in the city. [...] One more shape-shifter on these maps: The Jerusalem city limits are much bigger than they were after the 1949 war. Israel has enlarged the boundaries since then, including both Jewish and Palestinian neighborhoods within the expanded city limits. And since Israel declares sovereignty in the city, Palestinians see the growth through their areas as a way for Israel to claim more territory.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): East Jerusalem (Arabic: القدس الشرقية, al-Quds ash-Sharqiya; Hebrew: מִזְרַח יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, Mizraḥ Yerushalayim) is the portion of Jerusalem that was held by Jordan after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, as opposed to West Jerusalem, which was held by Israel.[a] Under international law, East Jerusalem is considered part of the West Bank, and Palestinian territories, and under illegal occupation by Israel.[2][3][4] Many states recognize East Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Palestine (such as Brazil,[5] China,[6] Russia,[7] and all 57 members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation),[8] whereas other states (such as Australia, France and others) assert that East Jerusalem "will be the capital of Palestine",[9][10] while referring to it as "an occupied territory".[11] In 2020, East Jerusalem had a population of 595,000 inhabitants, of which 361,700 (61%) were Palestinian Arabs and 234,000 (39%) Jewish settlers.[12][13] Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem are illegal under international law and in the eyes of the international community.[14][15] [...] The United States refers to East Jerusalem as part of "the West Bank – the larger of the two Palestinian territories", and refers to Israeli Jews living in East Jerusalem as "settlers".[123]
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-12-10): The international community officially regards East Jerusalem as occupied territory. [...] Today, some 420,000 Palestinians in East Jerusalem have "permanent residency" ID cards. They also carry temporary Jordanian passports without a national identification number. This means that they are not full Jordanian citizens – they need a work permit to work in Jordan and do not have access to governmental services and benefits such as reduced education fees. [...] Israel treats Palestinians in East Jerusalem as foreign immigrants who live there as a favour granted to them by the state and not by right, despite having been born there. They are required to fulfil a certain set of requirements to maintain their residency status and live in constant fear of having their residency revoked.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-22): The number of Israeli settlers living in Palestinian territory has dramatically increased over the past few years. As of February 11 this year, the number of settlers in the West Bank, excluding East Jerusalem, stands at 517,407, up from 502,991 a year earlier. [...] Most of the international community still considers East Jerusalem and the West Bank to be Palestinian territory illegally occupied by Isreal. Palestinians want East Jerusalem to be the capital of any future Palestinian state. [...] Russia recognises West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and East Jerusalem as "the capital of the future Palestinian state". In 2022, Australia reversed its recognition of West Jerusalem as Israel’s capital.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Note: Gallup’s past surveys in the State of Palestine* have included Gaza. Gallup was not able to survey Gaza in 2024 because of ongoing security issues. The data in this article represent the views of Palestinians living in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Jewish Israeli–majority areas within the West Bank and East Jerusalem are not included. [...] The West Bank and East Jerusalem have a young population, with more than 40% under the age of 18, and more Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusalem now believe the prospects for their youth are bleak. [...] Even though the recent conflict between Israel and Hamas has been mostly limited to territory within Gaza, its effects have been felt much more widely in the region. Changing public opinion in the West Bank and East Jerusalem is testament to this. Palestinians there are rating their lives worse, increasingly fearing for their safety and their children’s wellbeing, and growing more pessimistic about their economic future.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): Occupied by Israel since June 1967, the West Bank - including East Jerusalem- and the Gaza Strip have come to constitute the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). These territories, along with Israel, form the area of the former British Mandate over Palestine, intended under the terms of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 of 1947 to be partitioned into two States, one Arab and another Jewish. [...] The remaining territories of pre-1948 Palestine, the West Bank - including East Jerusalem- and Gaza Strip, were administered from 1948 till 1967 by Jordan and Egypt, respectively.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-19): Covering an area of 6,020 sq. km, the State of Palestine is a de jure sovereign state, located in Western Asia and comprising of the territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Located to the north of Jerusalem, in the central part of the West Bank is the city of Ramallah – the current administrative center of Palestine. Palestine (officially, The State of Palestine) is divided into sixteen administrative divisions. In alphabetical order, these divisions are Bethlehem, Deir Al-Balah, Gaza, Hebron, Jenin, Jericho & Al Aghwar, Jerusalem, Khan Yunis, Nablus, North Gaza, Qalqiliya, Rafah, Ramallah & Al-Bireh, Salfit, Tubas, and Tulkarm. The State of Palestine is a de jure sovereign state, located in Western Asia and comprising of the territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. The Gaza Strip is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west; by Egypt on the southwest and by Israel on the east and north. The West Bank is bordered by Israel in the north, south, and west; and by Jordan and the Dead Sea in the east.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The 2024 ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Occupied Palestinian Territory – An Introduction The recent Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the "Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem" (AdvOp) offers a comprehensive analysis of the (un)lawfulness of Israeli policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). It thereby goes well beyond the 2004 Palestine Wall Advisory Opinion which limited itself to an assessment of the legality of the Wall without however providing a full-fledged legal analysis of the Israeli occupation. Now the Court finds that the series of individual violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) – inter alia, Israel’s settlement policy, annexation/acquisition of territory by force, adoption of discriminatory legislation and measures, and denial of Palestinian self-determination (AdvOp, para. 103 ff.) – have cumulatively turned the arguably ab initio lawful occupation into an unlawful one (para. 244 ff.). This finding of unlawfulness results in Israel’s obligation to withdraw from the OPT "as rapidly as possible" (para. 261, 267). What is more, the occupation’s unlawfulness renders it an international wrong under the Law of State Responsibility.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-17): The political geography of Israel and the Palestinian territories has been changing for more than a century. British imperial control, wars, Jewish settlements and Israeli occupation have greatly shrunk the Palestinian people’s land area, while Israel has expanded its footprint. Both Palestinians and Israelis see the territory between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea as their own, and Christians, Jews and Muslims all consider parts of the land sacred. [...] In 1947, as the end of the British Mandate neared, the United Nations proposed partitioning Palestine into a Jewish state and a smaller Palestinian state. Jerusalem — a holy site for Jews, Christians and Muslims — would be placed under an international trustee system. Palestinians rejected the proposal, which would have left them with less than half of their land and forced many from their homes. Zionist militias attacked Palestinian villages, causing thousands to flee. [...] In 1980, Israel passed the "Jerusalem Law," formalizing the annexation of East Jerusalem and declaring the whole of Jerusalem as the Israeli capital. The United Nations said that the move violated international law and that the status of the city can be determined only through a negotiation process between Israelis and Palestinians. (In a reversal of long-standing U.S. policy, the United States recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in 2017.)
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-19): The International Court of Justice (ICJ) said Israel should stop settlement activity in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem and end its "illegal" occupation of those areas and the Gaza Strip as soon as possible. [...] The court also said Israel should evacuate all of its settlers from the West Bank and East Jerusalem and pay reparations to Palestinians for damages caused by the occupation. [...] Israel claims sovereignty over the whole of Jerusalem, the eastern half of which it captured in the 1967 Middle East war. It considers the city its indivisible capital - something which is not accepted by the vast majority of the international community.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Israeli practices and settlement activities affecting the rights of the Palestinian people and other Arabs of the occupied territories The present report, prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution 78/78, provides an update on Israeli settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan. It covers the period: 1 June 2023–31 May 2024.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Palestinians regard East Jerusalem as the capital of the future Palestinian state. East Jerusalem is generally recognized as part of the Palestinian Territories. In UN resolutions concerning Israel, East Jerusalem is routinely referred to as a part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory.[57]
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-11): The biggest change to Israel's frontiers came in 1967, when the conflict known as the Six Day War left Israel in occupation of the Sinai peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem and most of the Syrian Golan Heights - effectively tripling the size of territory under Israel's control. Israel effectively annexed East Jerusalem - claiming the whole of the city as its capital - and the Golan Heights. These moves were not recognised by the international community, until the US changed its official position on the matter under the Trump administration, becoming the first major power to do so. Overwhelmingly, international opinion continues to consider East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights as occupied territory. [...] The final status and contours of the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem are meant to be decided in negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians living there under Israeli occupation, but decades of on-off talks have so far proved fruitless.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): The West Bank, including occupied East Jerusalem, covers a land area of 5,655sq km (2,183sq miles), making it about 15 times larger than the Gaza Strip, spread over 365sq km (141sq miles). [...] Jerusalem, a city sacred to Muslims, Christians, and Jews, has had West Jerusalem under Israeli control since 1948, with a Jewish majority. East Jerusalem, including the Old City, has been under Israeli occupation since 1967 and is mostly Palestinian. Since its annexation in 1980, Israel has considered the entire city of Jerusalem a part of its territory. This is not internationally recognised. For this reason, Israeli maps do not show East Jerusalem a part of the occupied West Bank.