copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-26): Saint Martin’s Island is a small but geopolitically significant coral island located in the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal. With a surface area of just 3 square kilometers, it is situated approximately 9 kilometers south of the Cox’s Bazar-Teknaf peninsula in Bangladesh and about 8 kilometers west of the Myanmar coast at the mouth of the Naf River. [...] • Historical Background: The island was originally an extension of the Teknaf peninsula but became separated, forming an independent landmass. It was included as part of British India in 1900 and became part of Bangladesh after its independence in 1971. The island’s ownership was officially recognized as Bangladeshi territory in a 1974 agreement with Myanmar.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-06): The Naf River is a significant waterway in South Asia, known for its role as a natural border between Bangladesh and Myanmar. Flowing from the Arakan Hills in Myanmar to the Bay of Bengal, this river has played a crucial role in shaping the history, geography, and culture of the region. In this guide, we will delve into the Naf River’s geography, historical significance, economic importance, and its role in tourism. Whether you’re a traveler, a student, or just curious about this important river, you’ll find all the information you need here. [...] The Naf River runs along the southeastern border of Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar. It serves as a natural boundary between the two countries, particularly between the Cox’s Bazar District in Bangladesh and the Rakhine State in Myanmar. The river is approximately 56 kilometers (35 miles) long and flows into the Bay of Bengal. Its location makes it a key geographical feature in South Asia. [...] - Border Conflicts: The Naf River has been a site of military clashes and territorial disputes between Bangladesh and Myanmar. These conflicts not only threaten the security of the region but also impact the river’s ecological health.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-21): The Naf War was a 3-day border clash that occurred in January 2000. During the clash, the Bangladesh Rifles (now Border Guard Bangladesh) and the Myanmar Army engaged in heavy fighting near the Naf River, before ending hostilities via a diplomatic truce. In 1966, an agreement was reached between the governments of Pakistan and Burma during the border settlement. According to the decision of this treaty, the middle part of the present-day Naf River sector is specified as the border of the two countries.The Naf River has twelve tributaries in Myanmar. As per the treaty, the middle part of the Naf River sector was recognized as the international boundary, Myanmar could not take any action in those sectors that would cause major changes in the course of the Naf River. But Myanmar ignored the agreement and built dams on eleven out of twelve rivers by 2000. As a result, the main flow of the Naf River shifted towards Bangladesh and about 2,500 acres of land was lost from the territory of Bangladesh. [1] In 2000, when Myanmar attempted to build a dam at the last branch, there were several rounds of meetings between the border guards of both countries. When this dam was built, it was feared that the Bangladesh part of the Naf River would break, so that the Teknaf town could disappear, so when the Bangladesh Rifles requested not to build the dam in accordance with the 1966 agreement, the Myanmar border guards sent a letter in rude and unprofessional language.[1]
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Background [edit]In 1966, an agreement was reached between the governments of Pakistan and Burma during the border settlement. According to the agreement, the middle part of the Naf River sector was specified as the border between the two countries. The Naf River has twelve tributaries in Myanmar. As per the agreement, the middle part of the Naf River sector was recognized as the international boundary, so Myanmar could not take any action, which could cause major disruption in the course of the Naf River. But Myanmar ignored the agreement and built dams on eleven out of twelve rivers by 2000. Due to this, the main flow of Naf River was diverted towards Bangladesh and about 2500 acres of land was lost from the territory of Bangladesh.[citation needed] In 2000, when Myanmar attempted to build a dam at the last tributary, there were several rounds of meetings between the border guards of the two countries. When this dam was being built, it was feared that the Bangladeshi part of the Naf River would flood causing Teknaf city to disappear, so when the Bangladesh Rifles requested not to build the dam in accordance with the 1966 agreement, but the Myanmar border guards sent a letter in threatening tone. "From NASAKA HQ to BDR HQ Bangladesh. We are warning you to behave otherwise we will teach you lessons you will never forget."[citation needed]
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-06-17): Naf River is a transboundary river marking the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It is an elongated estuary in the extreme southeast of cox's bazar district dividing the district from Arakan (Myanmar). It rises in the Arakan hills on the southeastern borders of the district and falls into the bay of bengal. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m). Akyab in Myanmar is on the left bank and Teknaf upazila of Cox's Bazar district is on the right bank of the river.The river is influenced by tidal activity. Shrimp cultivation is extensively practiced on the floodplains of the river. [Sifatul Quader Chowdhury]
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-10-11): The Naf River (Bengali: নাফ নদী Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod̪i]; Burmese: နတ်မြစ် [naʔ mjɪʔ]; Rakhine: နတ်မြစ် [nɛ́ mràɪʔ]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - June 2012 — thousands of Rohingya Muslims fleeing sectarian violence in Rakhine State sought refuge across the Naf River in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh,[7][8] though they were often escorted back by Bangladeshi troops.[9][10] On 11 July 2012, Burmese President Thein Sein suggested expelling the Rohingya people from Myanmar or having the UN relocate the 300,000 Rohingya people living in Myanmar, a policy the UN quickly rejected.[10] - August 2017 — The Border Guard Bangladesh station chief of the Ghumdum border post in Bangladesh accused Myanmar's military of firing on fleeing Rohingyas crossing the Naf River. An AFP reporter counted more than a dozen mortar shells and several heavy machine gun rounds fired by Burmese security forces on the fleeing Rohingyas.[11]
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-06): Naf River is a river that starts in Myanmar and flows into the Bay of Bengal. The lower part of the river marks the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It starts in the Arakan hills. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m).
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Arakan Army allegedly abducts 5 Bangladeshi fishermen from Naf river [...] Members of Myanmar's Arakan Army have allegedly abducted five Bangladeshi fishermen from the Naf river near Shah Porir Dwip in Cox's Bazar's Teknaf. [...] "The families of the fishermen said armed members of the Arakan Army captured them while they were fishing on the Naf River on a boat and were taken towards Myanmar," he said.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Arakan Army returns 5 Bangladeshi fishermen taken from Naf River [...] Due to the ongoing conflict inside Myanmar, that part of Myanmar is under the control of the Arakan Army. As a result, it was members of the Arakan Army who took the fishermen. Later, upon contacting the relevant parties' active on that side of Myanmar, the five Bangladeshi fishermen were returned, said the BGB official.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-28): Spatial and seasonal distribution of intertidal macrobenthos with their biomass and functional feeding guilds in the Naf River estuary, Bangladesh [...] The Naf River estuary is one of the most productive ecological ecosystems in Bangladesh providing an important feeding area for fishes and other aquatic animals. However, detailed information on macrobenthic communities is rarely available in this area. Our study focused on the seasonal and spatial variability of macrobenthic community structure with their biomass and functional guilds. In total, forty-seven taxa were identified under nine major groups and seven functional feeding guilds. Among macrobenthic taxa, Polychaeta was dominant in both seasons and all over the estuary contributing 60% of total benthos. The mean abundance of macrobenthos was higher during the pre-monsoon (2 972±1 994 inds./m2) than the monsoon (1 572±361 inds./m2) being maximum at mid-estuary region and minimum at upper and lower estuary regions. Of the diversity indices, density (P=0.01, P=0.003), the number of taxa (P=0.000 3, P=0.000 9) and Margalef’s Index (P=0.000 4, P=0.001) of macrobenthos were significantly different among stations and seasons. Shannon-Weiner index (P=0.009, P=0.12) and Pielou’s evenness index (P=0.03, P=0.14) had significant differences among stations but not among seasons. Cluster analysis suggested that distribution of macrofauna is strongly influenced by seasonality. [...] Noman, M.A., Mamunur, R., Islam, M.S. et al. Spatial and seasonal distribution of intertidal macrobenthos with their biomass and functional feeding guilds in the Naf River estuary, Bangladesh.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-07): A statement issued on Wednesday by the Women’s Peace Network (WPN)—an advocacy organisation led by prominent Rohingya human rights activist Wai Wai Nu—claimed at least 200 Rohingya civilians, most of them women and children, had been killed in drone strikes by the Arakan Army (AA), on the Naf River the day before. The drone attacks occurred as Rohingya civilians fled to the river from other areas of Maungdaw Township, an area of northern Rakhine State where the AA has been fighting for territorial control in recent months. The Naf River forms part of Myanmar’s border with Bangladesh.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Saint Martin Island (Bengali: সেন্টমার্টিন দ্বীপ, romanized: Senṭmarṭin dip) is a small island (area only 3 km2) in the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal, about 9 km south of the tip of the Cox's Bazar-Teknaf peninsula, and forming the southernmost part of Bangladesh. There is a small adjoining island that is separated at high tide, called Chera Dip. It is about 8 kilometres (5 miles) west of the northwest coast of Myanmar, at the mouth of the Naf River. [...] - On 6 October 2018, the Government of Myanmar updated its 2015-2018 map of Myanmar Information Management Unit showing St. Martin as a part of their sovereign territory and spread the maps in two global websites. Following the event, the Myanmar Ambassador in Dhaka was summoned by the Government of Bangladesh on 6 October 2018. Rear Admiral (retd) M Khurshed Alam, maritime affairs secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Bangladesh handed over a strongly worded protest note to him. The Myanmar envoy said it was a "mistake" to show the Saint Martin Island as part of his country's territory.[22]
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-09): Rohingya village leaders across Maungdaw and Buthitaung say their communities are desperate for aid. They feel abandoned by aid workers who have not stayed in touch with them during the blockade. While many villagers can still receive cash transfers through informal networks and buy food in markets, village leaders urge humanitarian and political actors to fight harder for workarounds like sending money and opening a waterway corridor for the transfer of aid across the Naf River from Bangladesh. Meanwhile, prices have skyrocketed, farmers are unable to access their agricultural lands and travel is risky. In many places, those who venture out of their homes to buy food in nearby markets must navigate heavily militarized and mined areas. Local traders have been able to transport some food from Bangladesh across the Naf, but moving it from the riverbank to inland communities presents further risks.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-22): On June 11, an unidentified armed group from Myanmar fired upon an island-bound speed boat along the Naf River. Moreover, warships belonging to Myanmar are now visible from Saint Martin’s. [...] "The conflict between the junta and AA is currently centered around Maungdaw, a town in Rakhine State, and is extending into the waterways, particularly the Naf River," said Altaf Parvez, a researcher and writer on Southeast Asian history and politics. "Additionally, navigability of the Naf River has been reduced in parts of Bangladesh, forcing many boats and seasonal tourist ships to travel near the Myanmar border, increasing risks," he added. "The Bangladesh government must maintain good relations with both the AA and Myanmar government, as it seems the AA may soon take control of Rakhine State."
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): At the same time, important questions about atrocities committed in Arakan remain, particularly in Buthidaung and Maungdaw. ULA/AA’s willingness to cooperate with an independent investigation might help to overcome the understandable reluctance of key players. [...] PHOTO: Rohingya refugees cross the Naf River, which divides Bangladesh from Myanmar, near Teknaf, Bangladesh, Nov. 29, 2017. (Adam Dean/The New York Times)
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-01): TEKNAF, Bangladesh, July 19 (UNHCR) - Perched precariously on the edge of the muddy tidal river flat, with the hills of Myanmar in clear sight across the broad expanse of the Naf river, a group of more than 6,000 Rohingyas from Myanmar are living in extremely risky conditions in Teknaf, Cox's Bazar district in the south-eastern tip of Bangladesh. "We are really suffering here," said one of the group's Mahjees, or leaders. "When it rains, the rain comes down from the hills behind, and during the high tides, the water comes from that side," he added, gesturing towards the salty Naf river that flows into the Bay of Bengal some kilometres away. He said the water often reached knee height, saturating their shelters. [...] The Teknaf group formed after the Bangladesh government moved some 3,600 Rohingyas in 2003 from villages in the surrounding areas where they had been living for up to 10 years, to a spot along the Naf river. Six months later, they were moved two kilometres to the current site. The group has been growing as more Rohingyas facing problems with local communities have moved to the area.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): On 6 October 2018, the government of Myanmar updated its 2015–2018 map of Myanmar Information Management Unit showing St. Martin's Island as a part of their sovereign territory and spread the maps in two global websites. Following the event, the Myanmar Ambassador in Dhaka was summoned by the Government of Bangladesh on 6 October 2018. Rear Admiral (retd) Md Khurshed Alam, maritime affairs secretary at the Bangladesh Ministry of Foreign Affairs handed over a strongly worded protest note to him. The Myanmar envoy said it was a "mistake" to show the St. Martin's Island as part of his country's territory.[15] [...] In early February 2024, over 300 Myanmar Border Guard Police personnel illegally crossed the Bangladesh–Myanmar border, leading to a tense situation where they were disarmed and interned by the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB). This incident is part of a continuing pattern of violations by Myanmar, including unauthorized military incursions and attacks on Bangladeshi territory, which contravene international law and the principles of the United Nations Charter. Bangladesh has maintained its neutrality and adherence to international law amidst Myanmar's ongoing civil conflict, highlighting the challenges in bilateral relations and the broader regional stability concerns.[24] On 24 February 2024, Bangladesh Rapid Action Battalion Director General M Khurshid Hossain claimed that Myanmar wanted to engage in a war with his country.[25]
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-08-08): Across the Naf river that divides Bangladesh and Myanmar, Rohingya refugees and asylum-seekers are forced into hiding and are suffering a severe lack of food and medical care, Amnesty International found in Bangladesh’s Cox’s Bazar district. [...] On 22 November, Amnesty International witnessed groups of Rohingya crossing the border close to Whaikyang, a village by the Naf river in Bangladesh. They looked weary and emaciated, the signs of a gruelling journey evident on their faces. [...] Several thousand Rohingya refugees and asylum-seekers are believed to have recently crossed into Bangladesh. They are spread out across villages, refugee camps and slums, making the true number impossible to determine. At least 2,000 people have made the journey across the Naf river since 21 November, with more set to arrive over successive days.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-24): On 5 August 2024, artillery shelling and drone attacks reportedly killed about 180 people, including a significant number of women and children, near the bank of the Naf River, which marks the border between southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar, as they attempted to escape hostilities. On the same day, an estimated 20,000 people were reportedly displaced from three downtown Maungdaw wards. In separate incidents on 6 and 19 August, boats carrying dozens of people - including women and children – sank in the Naf River, with children among the casualties, the latest in a series of capsizing incidents involving children.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-26): As the Civil war in Myanmar intensifies, the Arakan Army (AA) has emerged as a formidable force against Myanmar military in Rakhine State. Recent escalation in hostilities between the rebel group and the military in Rakhine has not only disrupted Junta’s hold in the region but also poses serious security threats to Bangladesh. Stray Mortar shelling in Bangladesh’s bordering regions included, last month, AA rebels even kidnapped innocent fishermen from the Naf river that Bangladesh shares with Myanmar. AA’s activities are becoming a growing concern for Bangladesh especially considering that Bangladesh has consistently responded with patience and dignity to the numerous provocations and challenges posed by Myanmar. [...] Moreover, the AA’s conflict with the Myanmar military has the potential to draw in other armed groups and create a broader insurgency landscape. This could lead to a spillover of violence into Bangladesh, exacerbating the security challenges. The presence of armed militants in close proximity to Bangladeshi territory necessitates a robust security response to prevent infiltration and maintain regional stability. [...] As this situation evolves, Dhaka must remain vigilant and proactive in managing the implications of the AA’s activities to safeguard its national security and humanitarian interests. Diplomatic engagement and cooperation among the parties is essential to ensure the security and stability of Bangladesh.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Arakan side of the Bangladesh border, resulting in the death of four AA fighters and injury to one. [...] "RSO terrorists are now using Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh as their base and carrying out military operations from there. We have informed the Bangladeshi authorities about it. If they use Bangladesh's territory to launch attacks on ULA/AA troops across the Naf river, we will retaliate decisively," asserted U Khaing [...] Photograph: Naf river (old photo)
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-12-19): The advancing soldiers trapped several hundred unarmed Rohingya Muslim villagers, including Hassina, on the large bank of the river, which surrounds Tula Toli on three sides. As they approached, some fired at the crowd, others toward people trying to flee. While some Rohingya managed to escape, swimming across the fast-moving river or dashing to the surrounding hills, many terrified villagers could not run away or swim. Families with young children had no chance to flee.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-23): We, the undersigned Rohingya organisations, have been working to establish the facts of the ‘Naf River Massacre’ that occurred in Maungdaw, Rakhine state, on 5th August 2024. Based on interviews and documentation of first-hand accounts by survivors and eyewitnesses, so far we have established the following. On 5th August 2024, an estimated number of at least 200 Rohingya civilians were killed in drone and artillery attacks in Maungdaw township, Rakhine State, while seeking shelter on the banks of the Naf River, which borders Bangladesh. Most of the victims of the attacks – "the Naf River Massacre" – were women and children. They had been forced to flee to the Naf River from Maungdaw town, where the Arakan Army (AA) had advanced, the Burmese military had sent reinforcements, and both parties engaged in intensifying attacks. With nowhere to go, the civilians had no choice but to cross the river to Bangladesh. [...] - Urgently provide temporary shelter, food, medicine, and other essential services to the newly arrived refugees. Reports indicate that thousands of Rohingya attempting to cross the Naff River were kidnapped by local Bangladeshi gangs and taken to Laal Island, where they are being subjected to extortion and harassment. These vulnerable individuals must be rescued and provided with immediate protection. Furthermore, hundreds of Rohingya who have already crossed into Bangladesh are now in the custody of Bangladeshi authorities.
Claim: Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh (Naf River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-09-23): Last Friday, a Rohingya teenager was killed and four other Bangladeshi nationals injured when mortar shells fired from Myanmar exploded on a strip of land along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border. [...] Local media reports earlier this month said more than a dozen Rohingya have entered Bangladesh amid the cross-border firing, seeking refuge in camps near Teknaf. Hundreds more Rohingya have gathered near the border in a bid to cross the Naf River into Bangladesh, the reports added. [...] Moe said the firings into Bangladeshi territory were conducted by the Arakan Army, an armed group fighting the Myanmar military for the rights of the ethnic minorities in Myanmar’s Rakhine and Chin states.