copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-06-10): The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a region on the Korean peninsula that demarcates North Korea from South Korea. Roughly following the 38th parallel, the 150-mile-long DMZ incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950–53). The areas north and south of the demarcation are heavily fortified, though skirmishes between the two sides are rare. Located within the territory is the "truce village" of P’anmunjom, but most of the rest of the land has reverted to nature, making it one of the most pristine undeveloped areas in Asia. The demilitarized zone (DMZ) incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950–53) and was created by pulling back the respective forces 1.2 miles (2 km) along each side of the line. It runs for about 150 miles (240 km) across the peninsula, from the mouth of the Han River on the west coast to a little south of the North Korean town of Kosong on the east coast. Located within the DMZ is the "truce village" of P’anmunjom, about 5 miles (8 km) east of Kaesong, N.Kor. It was the site of peace discussions during the Korean War and has since been the location of various conferences over issues related to North and South Korea, their allies, and the United Nations.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-09): The Korean Peninsula, with its intricate web of historical tensions, nuclear threats, and geopolitical dynamics, will demand a nuanced and strategic approach from the incoming administration. In the Q&A below, a pair of RAND experts discuss the foremost foreign policy challenges, the realistic goals for denuclearization, and the steps needed to bolster the U.S.–South Korea alliance. They also explore the cybersecurity threats posed by North Korea, the efficacy of economic sanctions, and ongoing human rights abuses in the region. [...] Benjamin Young I think there are multiple challenges facing the United States when it comes to the Korean Peninsula. First and foremost, it is the North Korean nuclear threat. A North Korean nuclear attack on South Korean territory, whether large scale or small scale, would send the entire Indo-Pacific region into a tailspin and endanger the lives of many South Koreans. The unpredictability and outlaw-like character of the Kim family regime makes the DPRK a threat to global stability. Secondly, a potential Chinese invasion of Taiwan would likely involve South Korea in some way. With 28,000 U.S. troops based in South Korea and potential North Korean military opportunism, the Korean peninsula could potentially become ensnared in a Taiwan Straits crisis. Thirdly, there is a disconcerting lack of trust in the U.S. nuclear umbrella among some South Koreans. There is growing public demand in South Korea for the indigenous development of nuclear weapons. That is concerning and raises the possibility that other regional powers, namely Japan, would develop their own nukes.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-09): North Korea (officially called the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) is isolated, impoverished, and a proclaimed enemy of its southern neighbor, South Korea (officially called the Republic of Korea)—an important U.S. ally. Kim Jong Un, who inherited the title of supreme leader from his father and grandfather, regularly threatens Japan, South Korea, and the United States with missile strikes. At home, Kim has silenced all opposition by detaining between 80,000 and 120,000 political prisoners, purging high-ranking officials, and likely ordering the assassination of his half-brother. [...] North Korea is a nuclear power with a complex relationship with China, and preventing both an interstate Korean war and a North Korean internal collapse are critical U.S. national security interests. Along with continued weapons and missile tests, small-scale military and cyber provocations by North Korea pose significant risks as each incident carries with it the potential for further and potentially uncontrollable escalation. Outright threats from North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un are also cause for concern, as he claims that North Korean weapons can now reach U.S. territories and even the U.S. mainland.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-25): Periods of tension with North Korea come and go, but the situation on the Korean peninsula right now is the most volatile it has been in five years and it looks likely to get worse. [...] On Monday a North Korean merchant ship crossed the countries' sea border, causing both sides to fire warning shots. South Korea says the incursion was intentional. [...] In the meantime, Washington and Seoul have agreed to strengthen their defence of the Peninsula by holding the military exercises Pyongyang hates so much, and responding to its provocations with force. Following the North's latest round of missile launches and drills, South Korea sent up warplanes and shot artillery of its own.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): North Korea’s army said it will take the "substantial military step" of completely cutting off its territory from South Korea on Wednesday, after months of fortifying its heavily armed border. [...] "The acute military situation prevailing on the Korean peninsula requires the armed forces of the DPRK to take a more resolute and stronger measure in order to more creditably defend the national security," the General Staff of the Korean People’s Army (KPA) said, according to a notice on state-run news agency KCNA that referred to North Korea by the initials of its official name, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. [...] "If North Korea were to establish a new territorial clause through a constitutional amendment and sever its relationship with the South, the internal and external repercussions would be so great," Hong told CNN, suggesting Pyongyang is taking small steps in that direction.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Korea (Korean: 한국, romanized: Hanguk in South Korea, or 조선, Chosŏn in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (한반도, Hanbando in South Korea, or 조선반도, Chosŏnbando in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically divided at or near the 38th parallel; in 1948, two states declared independence, both claiming sovereignty over the entire region: North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) in its northern half and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) in the south, which fought the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The region is bordered by China to the north and Russia to the northeast, across the Amnok (Yalu) and Duman (Tumen) rivers, and is separated from Japan to the southeast by the Korea Strait. [...] The Three Kingdoms of Korea consisted of Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje. Silla and Baekje controlled the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, maintaining the former Samhan territories, while Goguryeo controlled the northern half of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula, uniting Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and other states in the former Gojoseon territories.[19]
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): North Korea,[c] officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK),[d] is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone.[e] The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city. [...] North Korea occupies the northern portion of the Korean Peninsula, lying between latitudes 37° and 43°N, and longitudes 124° and 131°E. It covers an area of 120,540 square kilometers (46,541 sq mi).[2] To its west are the Yellow Sea and Korea Bay, and to its east lies Japan across the Sea of Japan.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-12): North Korea is located in East Asia in the Northern half of Korea, partially on the Korean Peninsula. It borders three countries: China along the Yalu (Amnok) River, Russia along the Tumen River, and South Korea to the south. [...] Boundaries, coastline, and islands [edit]North Korea has an area of 120,538 km², of which 120,408 km² is land and 130 km² is water. It has 1,671.5 kilometres (1,038.6 mi) of land boundaries; of these, 1,416 kilometres (880 mi) are with China, 238 kilometres (148 mi) are with South Korea, and 17.5 kilometres (10.9 mi) are with Russia. The Korean Peninsula extends about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) southward from the northeast Asian continental landmass. The 8,460 kilometres (5,260 mi) coastline of Korea is highly irregular, and North Korea accounts for 2,495 kilometres (1,550 mi) of this, roughly one-third. Some 3579 islands lie adjacent to the Korean Peninsula, mostly along the south and west coasts.[29]
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-09): Today, according to North Korean textbooks and monographs, the first and the only center of Old Chosŏn was located in Pyongyang and its surroundings; in its initial stage, the borders of Old Chosŏn extended from the Yalu River in the North to the Han River in the South; and during the period of its greatest power, Old Chosŏn’s territory included the Korean Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula, as well as part of southern Manchuria. [...] In their constitutions, South Korea asserts the entire Korean Peninsula as its territory while North Korea claims to represent all of the Korean people. Even though the two Korean states de facto recognize each other, the idea of Korea as the nation-state of the Korean people remains fundamental, as does the notion that Koreans North and South are the same people. Thus, there are major contradictions in the concepts of Korean nation-state, its sovereignty and people, in legal, perceptional, and practical domains. While the divergence among the domains emerged in the first few years of the ROK and DPRK’s existence, the incongruences within each domain developed later. This study traces the genealogy of contradictions in South Korean intellectual discourse on nation-state and discovers the bifurcation of the concept into the "nation" and the "state" during the 1960s, followed by the consolidation of the phenomenon during the 1970s—the period when the two Koreas internalized the division.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): North Korea, country in East Asia. It occupies the northern portion of the Korean peninsula, which juts out from the Asian mainland between the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and the Yellow Sea; North Korea covers about 55 percent of the peninsula’s land area. The country is bordered by China and Russia to the north and by the Republic of Korea (South Korea) to the south. The national capital, P’yŏngyang, is a major industrial and transport centre near the west coast. [...] Mountains and valleys characterize most of North Korea. The Kaema Highlands in the northeast have an average elevation of 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) above sea level and form the topographic roof of the entire Korean peninsula. Mount Paektu (9,022 feet [2,750 metres]), the highest mountain in North Korea and on the peninsula, rises at the northern edge of this plateau in the Changbaek (Changbai) Mountains along the Sino-Korean border; it is an extinct volcano topped by a large crater lake. The Nangnim Mountains run from north to south through the middle of the country, forming a divide between the eastern and western slopes of the peninsula. The Kangnam and Myohyang ranges and Mounts Ŏnjin and Myŏrak, all structural extensions of the Nangnim Mountains, extend parallel to each other toward the southwest. Large river-valley plains have developed between the western mountains; they merge along the narrow, irregular coastal plain on the west coast. The Hamgyŏng Mountains, extending from the Nangnim Mountains to the northeast, form a steep slope between the Kaema Highlands and the East Sea.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-06-25): North and South Korea have been divided for more than 70 years, ever since the Korean Peninsula became an unexpected casualty of the escalating Cold War between two rival superpowers: the Soviet Union and the United States. For centuries before the division, the peninsula was a single, unified Korea, ruled by generations of dynastic kingdoms. Occupied by Japan after the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 and formally annexed five years later, Korea chafed under Japanese colonial rule for 35 years—until the end of World War II, when its division into two nations began. [...] In August 1945, the two allies "in name only" (as Robinson puts it) divided control over the Korean Peninsula. Over the next three years (1945-48), the Soviet Army and its proxies set up a communist regime in the area north of latitude 38˚ N, or the 38th parallel. South of that line, a military government was formed, supported directly by the United States.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-12-13): There have been years of hostilities between the two nations but on November 23, 2010, North Korea launched an artillery attack on South Korea. This was the first confirmed direct attack on South Korea since the end of the Korean War in 1953. There are also claims that North Korea sunk the South Korean warship the Cheonan in March 2010, but North Korea denies responsibility. As a result of the attack, South Korea responded by deploying fighter jets and firing lasted for a short time over the Yellow Sea. Since then, tensions have remained and South Korea has practiced military drills with the U.S. Korean Peninsula Location The Korean Peninsula is an area located in Eastern Asia. It extends south from the main part of the Asian continent for about 683 miles (1,100 km). As a peninsula, it is surrounded by water on three sides and there are five bodies of water that touch it. These waters include the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, the Korea Strait, the Cheju Strait, and Korea Bay. The Korean Peninsula also covers a total land area of 84,610 miles (219,140 km).
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-29): Since the fall of 2023, Kim has been rattling his saber loudly and announced a major U-turn in North Korea’s policy toward South Korea. In January 2024, he told the rubber-stamp Supreme People’s Assembly that the North Korean constitution will be revised to rule out any possibility of peaceful unification with South Korea. As one analyst noted, "declaring the South as a permanent adversary, not as a potential partner for reconciliation, could also be aimed at improving the credibility of Kim’s escalatory nuclear doctrine, which authorizes the military to launch preemptive nuclear attacks against adversaries if the leadership is under threat." In the same month, Kim also proclaimed that not only was South Korea a sworn enemy, but that North Korea also had absolutely no interest in reunifying with the South peacefully. Kim stated, "We can specify in our constitution the issue of completely occupying, subjugating and reclaiming the ROK and annexing it as a part of the territory of our republic in case a war breaks out on the Korean Peninsula."
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-24): By early August 1950, the North Korean army had overrun most of South Korea except for a small pocket in the far southeast known as the Pusan Perimeter. [...] The following month saw U.N. forces crossing the 38th parallel into North Korea, capturing Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, and advancing to the Yalu River, the northern boundary of North Korea and China. [...] No peace treaty was ever signed between North and South Korea and in the decades since the Korean War, North Korean forces have conducted numerous cross-border incursions and other acts of aggression.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-10-12): Another close U.S. ally in the region, Japan, has become more concerned about North Korea in recent years. This concern was heightened by the launch, in August 1998, of a Taepo Dong missile over Japanese territory. Although the Diet has passed funding for the Light Water Reactor project being undertaken by the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) pursuant to the Agreed Framework, and the government wants to preserve the Agreed Framework, a second missile launch is likely to have a serious impact on domestic political support for the Agreed Framework and have wider ramifications within Japan about its security policy. [...] Under present circumstances, therefore, deterrence of war on the Korean Peninsula is stable on both sides, in military terms. While always subject to miscalculation by the isolated North Korean government, there is no military calculus that would suggest to the North Koreans anything but catastrophe from armed conflict. This relative stability, if it is not disturbed, can provide the time and conditions for all sides to pursue a permanent peace on the Peninsula, ending at last the Korean War and perhaps ultimately leading to the peaceful reunification of the Korean people. This is the lasting goal of U.S. policy.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-06-26): On June 26, the President announced the lifting of the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act (TWEA) with respect to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea), and notified Congress of his intent to rescind North Korea's designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism (SST). [...] North Korea's declaration, in conjunction with the steps North Korea has taken to disable, for the purpose of abandonment, its ability to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons, are significant steps toward our goal of the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. [...] North Korea was designated as an SST in 1988 primarily on the basis of North Korea's involvement in the bombing of a Korean Airlines passenger flight in 1987.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The North Koreans were fortunate to have a number of advocates across the Soviet leadership. In May 1947, Marshal Kirill Meretskov (chief of the Soviet Civil Administration) and Terentii Shtykov (head of delegation to the Soviet-American Joint Commission on Korea) explained the dire state of infrastructure and industry in northern Korea in a direct plea to Stalin. According to Meretskov and Shtykov, all Japanese engineers had recently left northern Korea, putting the territory north of the 38th parallel "in an extremely difficult position." Production plans were already faltering. [...] As the peninsula inched closer to war, North Korea’s need for Soviet aid, technical expertise, and products grew exponentially. [...] The North Korea International Documentation Project serves as an informational clearinghouse on North Korea for the scholarly and policymaking communities, disseminating documents on the DPRK from its former communist allies that provide valuable insight into the actions and nature of the North Korean state. It is part of the Wilson Center's History and Public Policy Program. Read more
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-18): Korea became the object of intense imperialistic rivalry among the Chinese (its traditional benefactor), Japanese, and Russian empires in the latter half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. After the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Korea was occupied by Imperial Japan. In 1910, Japan formally annexed the entire Peninsula. Korea regained its independence after Japan's surrender to the US and its allies in 1945. A US-supported democratic government (Republic of Korea, ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, while a communist-style government backed by the Soviet Union was installed in the north (North Korea; aka Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside ROK soldiers to defend South Korea from a North Korean invasion supported by communist China and the Soviet Union. After the 1953 armistice, the two Koreas were separated by a demilitarized zone.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-11): On November 2, 2022, North Korea fired 25 missiles of various kinds off its east and west coasts. One of the short-range ballistic missiles was launched in the direction of South Korea’s Ulleung Island, triggering the air raid alert. That same missile landed 26 kilometers (16 miles) south of the Northern Limit Line (NLL)—a disputed maritime border between North and South Korea. According to South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff, this is the first time that North Korea’s missile landed close to South Korea’s territorial waters since the division of the Korean peninsula in 1945. At 1:27 p.m. KST, North Korea also fired 100 artillery shells into South Korea’s maritime buffer zone, violating once again the September 19 inter-Korean agreement reached in 2019. [...] A1: The latest missile tests mark the largest number of missiles that North Korea has fired in a single day. One of the missiles was fired toward the south, a deliberate attempt to target the South Korean territorial waters for the first time. North Korea is also exhibiting risk-escalatory behavior by firing multiple missiles toward the east and west seas of the peninsula despite the presence of the U.S. and South Korean forces.
Claim: Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea (Korean Peninsula, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-16): "The Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Country, the National Economic Cooperation Bureau and the (Diamond Mountain) International Tourism Administration, tools which existed for (North-South) dialogue, negotiations and cooperation, are abolished," the assembly said in a statement. During his speech, Kim blamed South Korea and the United States for raising tensions in the region, citing their expanded joint military exercises, deployments of U.S. strategic military assets, and their trilateral security cooperation with Japan as turning the Korean Peninsula into a dangerous war-risk zone, KCNA said. READ MORE: Young daughter of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un is likely successor, South Korea says Kim said it has become impossible for the North to pursue reconciliation and a peaceful reunification with the South, which he described as "top-class stooges" of outside powers that are obsessed with confrontational maneuvers. He called for the assembly to rewrite the North’s constitution to define South Korea as the North’s "primary foe and invariable principal enemy." The new constitution should specify North Korea would pursue "occupying, subjugating and reclaiming" South Korea as part of the North’s territory if another war erupts on the Korean Peninsula, Kim said.