copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of Honduras (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-04): Territorial Dispute: Claimed by Jamaica and possibly Honduras (until 20 Dec 1999); Colombia considers Bajo Nuevo Bank apart of the Providence Archipelago in the intendancy of San Andres y Providencia. [...] 1510 Serranilla Bank first shown on Spanish maps. 8 Sep 1879 Claimed by the U.S (located two hundred ten miles north northeast of Nicaragua). 8 Sep 1972 Serranilla Bank specifically not mentioned by U.S. in list of guano islands renounced to Colombia. Territorial Disputes: Colombia has not directly claimed Serranilla Bank but is on record as considering the bank apart of the Providence Archipelago in the intendancy of San Andres y Providencia; Honduras may have asserted its own claim over Serranilla (until 20 Dec 1999); also possibly claimed by Nicaragua, Honduras and Jamaica.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-27): - ^ a b "Acquisition Process of Insular Areas". United States Government, Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on 2012-04-14. Retrieved 2008-01-13. lists Serranilla Bank as an insular area under U.S. sovereignty. - ^ (in Spanish) Treaty of exchange between Colombia and the United States, 1972 Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine - ^ "Application of the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). United States Government, General Accounting Office. November 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2008-01-13. Page 39 states that U.S. sovereignty over Serranilla Bank is disputed. "Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims." This is the only archived document from this source that mentions Serranilla Bank as an insular area.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-10-25): The United States claim was made in the 19th century by James W. Jennett[20] under the provisions of the Guano Islands Act.[21] Most claims made by the U.S. over the guano islands in this region were officially renounced in a treaty with Colombia, dated September 1972.[22] But whether or not Serranilla Bank was included in the agreement is disputed—there is no specific mention of the feature in the treaty and, as per Article 7 of the said treaty, only matters specifically mentioned in the document are subject to it. According to other records, as well as claims made within the ICJ, Colombia is recognised by the United States as having varying degrees of sovereignty over Serranilla Bank through the treaty of 1972, which took effect in September 1981.[17][23] The U.S. considers the reef to be an unorganized, unincorporated United States territory.[21][24] [...] - ^ "Application of the U.S. Constitution". United States Government, General Accounting Office. November 1997. http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-13. Page 39 states that U.S. sovereignty over Serranilla Bank is disputed. "Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims." This is the only archived document from this source that mentions Serranilla Bank as an insular area.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-02): Serranilla Bank is a former atoll, now a mostly submerged carbonate platform consisting of shallow reef environments. It is about 40km (30miles) in length and in width, covering an area of over 1200km2, almost entirely under water. Three small cays and two rocks emerge above the water to form the bank's islands. These are West Breaker, Middle Cay, East Cay, Beacon Cay and Northeast Breaker.[8] They are largely barren, with sparse vegetation of bushes and some trees. Many shipwrecks are located in its vicinity.[9] The bank lacks coral reefs and has minimal sediment cover. Accretion of the bank is not keeping up with sea level rise. The southeastern portion is covered mainly by hardgrounds, while the rest of the bank is mostly covered by thin Halimeda sediments.[10] [...] - Web site: Acquisition Process of Insular Areas . . 2008-01-13 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120414172502/http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/acquisition_process.htm . 2012-04-14 . lists Serranilla Bank as an insular area under U.S. sovereignty. - Treaty of exchange between Colombia and the United States, 1972 - Web site: Application of the U.S. Constitution . . November 1997 . 2008-01-13 . 2008-02-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015423/http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf . dead . Page 39 states that U.S. sovereignty over Serranilla Bank is disputed. "Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims." This is the only archived document from this source that mentions Serranilla Bank as an insular area.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Claimed territories [edit]The following two territories are claimed by multiple countries (including the United States)[7] and are not included in ISO 3166-2:UM. However, they are sometimes grouped with the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands. According to the GAO, "the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo [Bank] consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims."[7] [...] - ^ Two additional territories (Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) are claimed by the United States but administered by Colombia—if these two territories are counted, the total number of U.S. territories is sixteen.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-27): Serranilla Bank - Status: Unincorporated and unorganized - Location: the Caribbean and North Atlantic - Area: 140 sq miles (350 sq km) Of the eleven territories above, Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo Bank are administered by Colombia. Palmyra Atoll is the only incorporated unorganized territory of the U.S. Since it remains uninhabited its status is of little significance. The Atoll was acquired by the U.S. as part of the acquisition process of the chain of Hawaiian islands. At the time, Palmyra Atoll was not made part of the Hawaiian statehood, so, it was made an incorporated territory.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The United States of America holds claim to 16 territories outside of the United States. These range from Puerto Rico, with over 140 smaller islands and over 3 million residents, to uninhabited territories (and disputed territories) such as Bajo Nuevo Bank, Navassa Island, Serranilla Bank, and Wake Island. The United States has many political, defensive, social and other reasons to claim these territories as important lands of the United States. However, another important reason to claim them is for their resource potential. Those territories that consist of an island or a cluster of islands are surrounded by sea floors that may contain important mineral, energy, and food resources. By claiming them, the United States claims rights to an exclusive economic zone that extends up to 200 miles offshore (or half of the distance to the nearest shoreline claimed by another sovereign state). [...] Bajo Nuevo Bank, also known as the Petrel Islands: Two coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea, located about 150 miles southwest of Jamaica. Administered by Colombia but claimed by the United States and Jamaica. [...] Serranilla Bank: A former atoll, now mostly submerged, located in the Caribbean Sea about 200 miles southwest of Jamaica. Administered by Colombia but claimed by the United States and Honduras. Colombia maintains naval facilities on the islet of Beacon Cay.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-03): Serranilla Bank is a former atoll, now a mostly submerged carbonate platform consisting of shallow reef environments. It is about 40 km in length and 32 km in width, covering an area of over 1,200 km2, almost entirely under water. Three small cays and two rocks emerge above the water to form the bank's islands. These are West Breaker, Middle Cay, East Cay, Beacon Cay and Northeast Breaker. They are largely barren, with sparse vegetation of bushes and some trees. Most of the reef is drying and many shipwrecks are located in its vicinity. [...] The United States' claim was made in 1879 and 1880 under the Guano Islands Act by James W. Jennett. Most claims made by the U.S. over the guano islands in this region were officially renounced in a treaty with Colombia, dated September 1972. But whether or not Serranilla Bank was included in the agreement is disputed—there is no specific mention of the feature in the treaty and, as per Article 7 of the said treaty, only matters specifically mentioned in the document are subject to it. According to other records, as well as claims made within the ICJ, Colombia is recognised by the United States as having varying degrees of sovereignty over Serranilla Bank through the treaty of 1972, which took effect in September 1981. The U.S. considers the reef to be an unorganized, unincorporated United States territory.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-12-23): Serranilla Bank (Spanish: Isla Serranilla, Banco Serranilla and Placer de la Serranilla) is a partially submerged reef, with small uninhabited islets, in the western Caribbean Sea. It is situated about 350 kilometres (220 mi) northeast of Punta Gorda, Nicaragua, and roughly 280 kilometres (170 mi) southwest of Jamaica. The closest neighbouring land feature is Bajo Nuevo Bank, located 110 kilometres (68 mi) to the east.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Overview [edit]Except for Palmyra Atoll, all of these islands are unincorporated unorganized territories of the United States. Currently, none of the islands have any known permanent residents, although military personnel, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel, and temporarily stationed scientific and research staff are posted to some of the islands. The 2000 census counted 315 people on Johnston Atoll and 1 person on Wake Island.[4] The Territory of Palmyra Atoll is an incorporated territory, separated in 1959 from the rest of the former incorporated Territory of Hawaii when Hawaii became a state. [...] Islands and atolls [edit]- ^ Each island (except for Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) has a unique FIPS (INCITS) code treating it as a county-equivalent for statistical purposes; "74" is the state-level code for the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.[16][17]
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-11): Serranilla Bank is an atoll in the southeastern Caribean. It is approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) northeast of Nicaragua. Only the eastern and southern part of the reef are visible. The bank is made up of several cays, and has a size of about 45 kilometres (28 mi) by 37 kilometres (23 mi). It covers an area of about 1,200 square kilometres (460 sq mi).Many parts of the coral reef are dry at low tide. The ocean has a depth of between 9 metres (30 ft) and 37 metres (121 ft) in most parts.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-14): 16. On November 19, 2012, in regards to Nicaraguan claims to the islands, the ICJ ruled unanimously that Colombia has sovereignty over both Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Banks. [...] 19. Honduras, another claimant to Bajo Nuevo and the nearby Serranilla Bank, effectively ended its role in the dispute with the ratification of a maritime boundary treaty with Colombia on December 20, 1999. [...] 22. Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank have been repeatedly included as per American sources as one of ten insular areas in the
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-14): On November 19, 2012, concerning Nicaragua's sovereignty claim over the islands, the International Court of Justice unanimously ruled that the Republic of Colombia has sovereignty over the Bajo Nuevo Bank and the Serranilla Bank. However, the judgment did not examine or mention competing claims from Honduras, and the United States still maintains claims to Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo Bank, both of which it considers unincorporated U.S. territories. [...] Territorial Dispute of Bajo Nuevo Bank - Five international locations assert sovereignty claims over Bajo Nuevo Bank: Jamaica, Colombia, Nicaragua, Honduras, and the USA. - On November 22, 1869, the United States introduced the disputed "Guano Islands Act." To this present day, the U.S. Nevertheless considers Bajo Nuevo Bank as an "unorganized, unincorporated U.S. Territory."
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-22): In the United States, a territory is any extent of region under the sovereign jurisdiction of the federal government of the United States,[1] including all waters (around islands or continental tracts). The United States asserts sovereign rights for exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing its territory.[2] This extent of territory is all the area belonging to, and under the dominion of, the United States federal government (which includes tracts lying at a distance from the country) for administrative and other purposes.[1] The United States total territory includes a subset of political divisions. Territory of the United States [edit]The United States' territory includes any geography under the control of the United States federal government. Various regions, districts, and divisions are under the supervision of the United States federal government. The United States' territory includes clearly defined geographical area and refers to an area of land, air, or sea under jurisdiction of United States federal governmental authority (but is not limited only to these areas). The extent of territory is all the area belonging to, and under the dominion of, the United States of America federal government (which includes tracts lying at a distance from the country) for administrative and other purposes. [...] Palmyra Atoll is the only incorporated territory remaining, and having no government it is also unorganized. The remaining are unincorporated territories of the United States. Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands are styled as commonwealths.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-02-01): But the State Department is a huge and labyrinthine organization, and finding someone there who has answers to offer—let alone getting that someone to actually offer them—is a tricky process. Marx sent his inquiries to William B. Wood, who heads the department's Office of the Geographer and Global Issues. Wood passed them on to a staffer, Leo Dillon, who is quick to state that he cannot state very much. "Our office can only confirm that according to our records, the U.S. has no claims to any of those islands," Dillon says. Besides, he adds, "the guano has been taken from those islands," although he then admits he's not sure that's actually true. However, he does acknowledge that there are two Caribbean islands—Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo—to which the United States has not repudiated its claim, even though other countries claim them as well. But he considers Olson's other arguments ludicrous; and anyway, Dillon says, "we deal with sovereignty from the current, not the historical, perspective." These were questions for the State Department's legal division, and he has already forwarded Marx's inquiries to that office.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-01-01): Navassa Island is located in the Greater Antilles between Cuba and Jamaica near Haiti. The island is claimed by both the U.S. and Haiti, as it lies on the Haitian island shelf. Navassa was annexed by the U.S. in 1857, but is now an uninhabited nature reserve.Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank also lie in the Caribbean Sea and are the smallest areas of the Minor Outlying Islands, each with a land area of 0.02 km². The Bajo Nuevo Bank is also known as Petrel Island. Serranilla Bank consists of 3 individual islands and 2 rock formations that form an atoll that is almost submerged today. The coral reef covers a sea area of over 1200 km². All islands are uninhabited, the only structure is a lighthouse on Beacon Cay.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Also known as the Petrel Islands, Bajo Nuevo Bank is a 15-mile-long reef with some grassy island outcrops in the otherwise open Caribbean Sea, midway between Jamaica and Central America. It was claimed by the US in 1869, under the Guano Islands Act. Though most of the islands in the region claimed by this act were renounced by the USA in a 1972 treaty with Colombia, this atoll-like structure, as well as another, Serranilla Bank, 70 miles west, were not mentioned by name, unlike the others, so they continued to be claimed as Territories of the USA, though not aggressively so. [...] Serranilla Bank is 70 miles west of Bajo Nuevo Bank, and 220 miles from Nicaragua, in the middle of the otherwise open sea. Its physical attributes and jurisdictional status are like that of Bajo Nuevo Bank: it is a submerged atoll-like reef, around 25 miles long, with three small islands above water. The largest island is Beacon Cay, which has buildings, and is sometimes used to house a garrison of the Colombian Navy. There is also a 100-foot-tall metal lighthouse tower, which flashes every 20 seconds. It was built and rebuilt at the same time as the lighthouse on Bajo Nuevo Bank (1982, and 2008). Serranilla Bank has been claimed by the US since 1879, as part of the Guano Islands Act. The US still claims ownership, though it has conceded administrative oversight to Colombia. Serranilla Bank has lingering claims by Honduras, Jamaica, and Nicaragua too.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-12-06): In its Judgment rendered on the merits of the case on 19 November 2012, the Court found that the territorial dispute between the Parties concerned sovereignty over the features situated in the Caribbean Sea — the Alburquerque Cays, the East-Southeast Cays, Roncador, Serrana, Quitasueño, Serranilla and Bajo Nuevo — which were all above water at high tide and which were therefore islands capable of appropriation. The Court noted, however, that Quitasueño comprised only a single, tiny island, known as QS 32, and a number of low-tide elevations (features above water at low tide but submerged at high tide). The Court then observed that, under the terms of the 1928 Treaty concerning Territorial Questions at Issue between Colombia and Nicaragua, Colombia not only had sovereignty over the islands of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, but also over other islands, islets and reefs "forming part" of the San Andrés Archipelago. Thus, in order to address the question of sovereignty, the Court first needed to ascertain what constituted the San Andrés Archipelago. It concluded, however, that neither the 1928 Treaty nor the historical documents conclusively established the composition of that Archipelago. [...] The Court also noted that, while not being evidence of sovereignty, Nicaragua’s conduct with regard to the maritime features in dispute, the practice of third States and maps afforded some support to Colombia’s claim. The Court concluded that Colombia, and not Nicaragua, had sovereignty over the islands at Alburquerque, Bajo Nuevo, East-Southeast Cays, Quitasueño, Roncador, Serrana and Serranilla.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1997-07-11): -------------------- \1 U.S. sovereignty over two other insular areas, Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo (Petrel Island) is disputed. Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo are in the Caribbean Sea, located approximately 180 miles southwest from the southern coast of Jamaica. Serranilla Bank is a roughly circular coral bank; on its southeast side are three small coral-and-sand keys, or low islands, the largest of which is a half mile in length. Bajo Nuevo, an oval-shaped coral bank situated northeast from Serranilla Bank, has two reefs; at both ends of each reef are small keys, the largest of which is about 300 by 50 yards in size. The United States has long maintained claims to both Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo under the Guano Islands Act. Both areas are claimed by Columbia and Jamaica. Serranilla Bank is also claimed by Honduras. Nicaragua has not claimed these areas by name, but has stated that it claims all islands and cays located on its continental shelf; however, there is no agreed maritime boundary between Nicaragua and Columbia, or between Nicaragua and Honduras, in the Western Caribbean. Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-10): - Serranilla Bank (claimed)
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Territory Bajo Nuevo Bank, Serranilla Bank, Serrana Bank and Alice Shoal consist of various related eponymous and noneponymous banks, reefs, cays, shoals and sandbars. [...] Serrana Bank is believed to be named after the Spanish castaway Pedro Serrano. It was first shown on a Dutch map in 1545 with this name. They were mapped more extensively by the English in 1660. [...] The Serranilla Bank was first shown on Spanish maps in 1510 as Placer de la Serranilla. It was mentioned by Louis-Michel Aury whose ship was shipwrecked on it in 1820.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-12-22): There are three uninhabited island U.S. territories in the Caribbean: Bajo Nuevo Bank, Navassa Island and Serranilla Bank. Other countries dispute the U.S. control of some of these territories.
Claim: Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States (Serranilla Bank, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-04): U.S. Unincorporated Possessions 1634 Reef first shown on Dutch maps. 1654 Named Bajo Nuevo Bank. 1660 Re-discovered by the English. 22 Nov 1869 Claimed by U.S. by James W. Jennett (also called Petrel Islands). 8 Sep 1972 Bajo Nuevo is specifically not mentioned by U.S. in list of guano islands renounced to Colombia. [...] 1510 Serranilla Bank first shown on Spanish maps. 8 Sep 1879 Claimed by the U.S (located two hundred ten miles north northeast of Nicaragua). 8 Sep 1972 Serranilla Bank specifically not mentioned by U.S. in list of guano islands renounced to Colombia. Territorial Disputes: Colombia has not directly claimed Serranilla Bank but is on record as considering the bank apart of the Providence Archipelago in the intendancy of San Andres y Providencia; Honduras may have asserted its own claim over Serranilla (until 20 Dec 1999); also possibly claimed by Nicaragua, Honduras and Jamaica.