copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2024-07-12): The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines say water can be introduced at around six months. That’s a simple answer, but it doesn’t tell us why. The primary reason to avoid water for babies is that it displaces nutrition. Up to a year, babies get a lot of their calories through liquid, either breast milk or formula. (These are both almost 90% water, so babies are, in fact, getting plenty of water.) If your baby started drinking just water, it could easily displace some of their breast milk or formula intake, which is a potential problem. [...] You want to avoid water under 6 months primarily because baby’s kidneys can’t handle a fluid that is not isotonic (same concentration) as their blood. The baby’s kidneys lack the maturity to adjust the body’s sodium concentration and adding water makes you risk having seizures because your sodium levels drop. This is why it’s important not to water down formula too. Formula (when mixed correctly) and breast milk both have the right level of sodium for a baby’s body. (From a pediatrician who talks a lot about water with parents!)
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2023-08-02): A special note on infant formula and breast milk The American Academy of Pediatrics stresses that babies under 6 months of age shouldn't be given any water at all, maintaining that formula or breast milk provides all the hydration they need. While it may seem harmless, practices like diluting formula or breast milk with water can lead to death from water intoxication in infants. That's because their kidneys aren't yet mature, so giving them too much water causes their bodies to go into hyponatremia and disrupt brain function, says Carla Laos, MD of Hazel Health. If you're struggling to afford formula and/or cannot find baby formula, talk to your doctor to see if there are resources available to help you. RELATED: How Much Formula to Feed a Newborn How to Fix Overhydration If your little one truly has taken in too much water and/or you feel they're acting funny, the best course of action is to head straight to the emergency room to get them prompt medical attention. Water intoxication treatment will vary based on how low a baby's sodium levels are.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2011-05-23): Young babies under six months won’t usually need to have any water or extra drinks, other than their usual milk (NHS Choices, 2017). [...] Babies who are breastfed won't need water until they’re around six months old (NHS Choices, 2017). [...] Babies under six months should only drink tap water that has been boiled and cooled down. Water straight from the tap is not sterile so is not suitable for younger babies.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2022-09-13): Until around 6 months, babies get all the hydration they need from breast milk or infant formula. After 6 months, babies can drink water alongside their regular milk feeds. [...] It is important to wait until a baby is 6 months before introducing water as they need all the nutrients in breast milk and formula. These sources also provide adequate hydration. Providing water before 6 months may mean a baby drinks less breast milk or formula and misses out on important nutrients.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2024-08-25): Perhaps surprisingly, that’s not the case. Babies under 6 months old shouldn’t drink water. And giving water to a little tot can cause some big troubles. "The American Academy of Pediatrics is pretty strong with their recommendations that babies in the first several months should only have human milk (breast milk) and/or formula. Not water," says pediatrician Joanna Buckingham, MD. "Babies get all the hydration they need from formula and human milk — more than that can be risky." [...] Giving your baby a bit of water on a hot day might not seem like a big deal. But avoid the temptation if your baby is younger than 6 months. Instead, if your baby is extra thirsty, offer up human milk or formula. It has all the water (and nutrition) they need — without the risk.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2020-02-24): Yes, but not of the H2O variety. Your little one — if under 6 months old — should be receiving both nutrition and hydration from breast milk or formula, not water. [...] So giving a baby younger than 6 months even a moderate amount of water in a short period of time can lead to hyponatremia, which at its most dangerous can cause brain swelling and even death. In fact, because the brain is still developing as well, the swelling can happen more easily in an infant with hyponatremia than in an adult with hyponatremia. Remember: Tiny tummy + immature kidneys + developing brain = Avoid giving babies water until they are 6 months of age
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2003-06-19): Start solid foods around 6 months [...] Hungry babies should be offered more breast or formula feeds until they are ready for solids. [...] - Encourage drinking water from a cup.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2023-01-23): Sleeping through the night [...] As babies get older, feeding around the clock becomes less common. By six months of age, many sleep researchers say that healthy, normal-weight babies don't "need" to feed at night, at least in terms of nutrition. (Lactation experts often disagree, pointing out that, left to their own devices, babies still wake to feed after six months of age.) But waking and needing a caregiver for other reasons is still common. This is especially true throughout their first year of life, when babies are most vulnerable and their nervous systems the most immature. [...] If you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter, called "The Essential List". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife, Travel and Reel delivered to your inbox every Friday.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2024-04-22): Infant botulism usually affects babies who are younger than 6 months old. But all babies are at risk for it until their first birthday. [...] They also might not feed well or move as much as usual. [...] If you have questions about other products to avoid, ask your doctor.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2023-12-20): However, many infants and children do not receive optimal feeding. For example, only about 44% of infants aged 0–6 months worldwide were exclusively breastfed over the period of 2015-2020. [...] Longer durations of breastfeeding also contribute to the health and well-being of mothers: it reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancer and helps space pregnancies–exclusive breastfeeding of babies under 6 months has a hormonal effect which often induces a lack of menstruation. This is a natural (though not fail-safe) method of birth control known as the Lactation Amenorrhoea Method. [...] - not giving babies additional food or drink, even water, unless medically necessary;
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2023-04-12): But adults and babies have very different dietary needs. Newborns and babies up to 6 months old should never drink water. [...] Once your baby is six months old, it’s okay for them to have some water. But it’s important to limit how much water they drink. [...] These recommendations are for total daily intake, not for intake at one sitting. Start by giving 6-month-old babies 2 ounces of water at a sitting.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2001-06-15): - Encourage your child to drink lots of water. [...] - Don’t give prune juice to infants under six months of age – it contains a natural bowel irritant, even when diluted. [...] - Don’t introduce solids before four to six months of age – it’s not recommended as a way to treat constipation.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2024-05-01): Anyone can become dehydrated if they don’t drink enough water. But infants and children are at a higher risk because they may be unable to communicate that they’re thirsty. This is especially important when they’re sick. So, make sure to monitor the amount of fluids your child takes in. Adults ages 65 and older are also at a higher risk. They don’t carry as much water in their bodies and they can’t tell as easily when they’re thirsty. If you’re a caregiver, especially for someone with memory problems, offer them drinks frequently. Even if they’re enduring an uncomfortable infection like a UTI (urinary tract infection), they still need to consume liquids. If you or your child has symptoms of severe dehydration, get medical care right away. Severe dehydration can lead to serious complications, including:
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2020-02-28): Water is not recommended for your baby in his first six months. Until your little one is eating solid food, your baby will get all the water he needs from breast milk (which is actually 80 percent water) or formula. After your baby turns 6 months old, you can start offering a little water. Why Shouldn’t You Give Water to Your Baby Under 6 Months? For babies under 6 months, drinking water can lead to diarrhea and even malnutrition.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2024-07-01): Facebook reel correctly claims that babies under six months shouldn’t drink water [...] Correct: Babies under the age of six months receive adequate hydration and nutrition through breast milk or formula. They don’t need to drink water, and doing so can in fact lead to health complications such as electrolyte and nutritional imbalances. A Facebook reel posted on 13 June 2024 claimed that giving water to babies under the age of six months can result in health risks, including reduced nutrient intake and infections from contaminated water. It also noted that "too much water can cause low sodium levels, leading to brain swelling, seizures, and even death".
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2023-10-08): But children under a year old don’t need water like adults do. It can actually be dangerous for them. Babies get all their hydration from breast milk or formula. [...] A baby should drink only breast milk or formula until they’re six months old. It has all the hydration and nutrition they need in the early months. [...] When babies are between 6 and 12 months of age, breast milk or formula continues to be a priority over water. But if you offer breast milk or formula first, you can then offer water, 2-3 ounces at a time. At this age, 4-8 ounces a day of water is enough. More than that may lead to water intoxication.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2024-09-25): If nitrate is detected in your well water, there may be other contaminants in the water as well. Drinking water with levels of nitrate above 10 mg/L can lead to immediate health problems for infants below the age of six months and people with certain health problems. If nitrate is detected in your water at levels above 10 mg/L, follow these steps: - Get your drinking water from a safe alternative source, such as bottled water. This is especially important if there are any babies under six months old drinking the water or formula made with water. Boiled water is not a safe alternative if there is nitrate in your water; boiling water will make nitrate more concentrated. [...] - A licensed well contractor inspected your well and determined it is working properly; and - No babies under six months old drink the water (this is a safety precaution in the event the water treatment fails).
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2022-12-30): - Babies less than 6 months of age should not be given any extra water. Reason: regular formula is 85% water. Also, water can cause harm at this age. - Infants older than 6 months of age can have some extra water. Reason: water may be needed after starting solid foods or if weather is very hot. Safe at this age. - Limit water for infants age 6 to 12 months: don't give more than 4 ounces (120 mL) of extra water per day. On hot days, can give up to 8 ounces (240 mL) per day (AAP).
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2011-04-12): Health Canada recommends that infants who are premature, have a low birth weight, or weakened immune systems, drink commercially produced sterile liquid infant formula, if they're not being breastfed. [...] For premature and low birth weight infants under two months of age or infants with a weakened immune system - Boil water for 2 minutes. [...] - Remember, once you've started feeding your child, the bottle should be used within 2 hours.
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Babies should not eat much salt, as it's not good for their kidneys. [...] Remember this when you're cooking for the family if you plan to give the same food to your baby. [...] For more information and advice about babies and food, see:
Claim: Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks (Social media user, 2024-01-07)
Evidence (2024-04-19): There are certain foods and drinks you should avoid giving your child. [...] Drinks to Limit or Avoid [...] For tips on choosing healthier drink options, go to Rethink Your Drink.
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2019-09-07): Multiple factors—some human-caused and some natural—combine to influence global temperatures. However, human activities were already causing warming in the first half of the 20th century, and are responsible for approximately 100% of the more-rapid warming taking place after 1950. Thus, humans are responsible for most of the warming since 1900.
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2018-10-22): MICHAELS: Well, surface temperature of the planet is warmer than it was a hundred years ago about 9/10th of a degree Celsius. LEVIN: Nine-tenth degree of a degree Celsius. [...] So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree might be caused by greenhouse gases because when the planet warmed beginning in 1976, the temperature of the stratosphere started to drop and that's the prediction of greenhouse theory that's not intuitive. The great philosopher of science Karl Popper said, if you can meet a difficult prediction with your theory, you can continue to entertain your theory.
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Man is also pumping smaller quantities of other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide, the chlorofluorocarbons—which are notorious for their ability to destroy the planet’s ozone layer—and several more all trap warmth with greater efficiency than carbon dioxide. Methane and the rest of these gases, even though their concentrations are small, will together account for fifty per cent of the projected greenhouse warming. They are as much of a problem as carbon dioxide. And as all these compounds warm the atmosphere it will be able to hold more water vapor—itself a potent greenhouse gas. The British Meteorological Office calculates that this extra water vapor will warm the earth two-thirds as much as the carbon dioxide alone. Most discussion of the greenhouse gases rushes immediately to their future consequences, without pausing to let the simple fact of what has already happened sink in: the air around us—even where it’s clean, and smells like spring, and is filled with birds—is significantly changed. We have substantially altered the earth’s atmosphere.
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2014-09-23): Get out and see the world – stop living in a bubble! [...] To pull something out of the hat [...] A leopard can't change its spots
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-08-13): Possession is nine-tenths of the law [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Albert M. Martin (1882). "Answers". The Chautauquan. 3 (October 1882). Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. [...] - ^ JW Singer (2005), Nine-Tenths of the Law: Title, Possession & (and) Sacred Obligations, Conn. L. Rev.
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-08-27): - Kill two birds with one stone. [...] - Life is too short not to do something that matters. [...] - You can have too much of a good thing[a]
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-10-08): We use might when we are not sure about something in the present or future: [...] We also use might: [...] A registered charity: 209131 (England and Wales) SC037733 (Scotland).
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2023-07-01): Entry history for nine-tenths, n. nine-tenths, n. was revised in September 2003. [...] View nine-tenths in OED Second Edition
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2018-07-10): A new report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows that half a degree of warming matters—a lot. [...] For a deeper dive on the latest IPCC report, check out our other blog posts: [...] Also, if the rate of sea level rise is slower, there can be more opportunities for communities to adapt.
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2020-01-29): Air temperatures on Earth have been rising since the Industrial Revolution. While natural variability plays some part, the preponderance of evidence indicates that human activities—particularly emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases—are mostly responsible for making our planet warmer. According to an ongoing temperature analysis led by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), the average global temperature on Earth has increased by at least 1.1° Celsius (1.9° Fahrenheit) since 1880. The majority of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15 to 0.20°C per decade. [...] The leveling off of temperatures in the middle of the 20th century can be explained by natural variability and by the cooling effects of aerosols generated by factories, power plants, and motor vehicles in the years of rapid economic growth after World War II. Fossil fuel use also increased after the war (5 percent per year), boosting greenhouse gases. Cooling from aerosol pollution happened rapidly. In contrast, greenhouse gases accumulated slowly, but they remain in the atmosphere for a much longer time. According to former GISS director James Hansen, the strong warming trend of the past four decades likely reflects a shift from balanced aerosol and greenhouse gas effects on the atmosphere to a predominance of greenhouse gas effects after aerosols were curbed by pollution controls.
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-09-18): certainly definitely maybe possibly clearly obviously perhaps probably [...] I'm really confusing. Thank you so much! [...] A registered charity: 209131 (England and Wales) SC037733 (Scotland).
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2023-09-06): Rising amounts of greenhouse gases are preventing heat radiated from Earth’s surface from escaping into space as freely as it used to. Most of the excess atmospheric heat is passed back to the ocean. As a result, upper ocean heat content has increased significantly over the past few decades. Upper layers are accumulating heat faster than deeper layers, but averaged over the full depth of the ocean, the 1993–2022 heat-gain rates are approximately 0.64 to 0.83 Watts per square meter averaged over the surface of the Earth. [...] Less than a watt per square meter might seem like a small change, but multiplied by the surface area of the ocean (more than 360 million square kilometers), that translates into an enormous global energy imbalance. It means that while the atmosphere has been spared from the full extent of global warming for now, heat already stored in the ocean will eventually be released. That release of ocean heat would commit Earth to at least some additional warming in the future once greenhouse gas emissions stop. (The latest Earth system model simulations, however, find that at present levels of warming, this release of heat may be mostly balanced by the natural carbon cycle, which will begin incrementally reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels right away. If these models are correct, the amount of warming that can be expected once greenhouse gas emissions reach zero is at most a few tenths of a degree Celsius over a decade, and may be closer to zero.)
Claim: So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases (Patrick Michaels, 2019-09-07)
Evidence (2024-05-28): English [edit]Alternative forms [edit]- 9/10ths (uncommon) [...] Noun [edit]Derived terms [edit]References [edit]- "nine-tenths" listed in the Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (1989) - "nine-tenths, n." listed in the Oxford English Dictionary (draft revision; Mar. 2010)