copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Singapore,[e] officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. [...] - ^ Leitch Lepoer, Barbara (1989). "Singapore as Part of Malaysia". Library of Congress Country Studies. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): The Malaysia–Singapore border[a] is an international maritime border between the Southeast Asian countries of Malaysia, which lies to the north of the border, and Singapore to the south. The boundary is formed by straight lines between maritime geographical coordinates running along or near the deepest channel of the Straits of Johor.[b][1] [...] The border [edit]Delimited boundary [edit]A large extent of the Malaysia–Singapore border is defined by the Agreement between the Government of Malaysia and the Government of the Republic of Singapore to delimit precisely the territorial waters boundary in accordance with the Straits Settlement and Johore Territorial Waters Agreement 1927 as being straight lines joining a series of 72 geographical coordinates roughly running about 50 nautical miles (93 km) along the deepest channel (thalweg) between the western and eastern entrances of the Straits of Johor. This delineation was arrived at and agreed to jointly by the two governments and resulted in the agreement being signed on 7 August 1995.[3] [...] The Straits Settlement and Johore Territorial Waters Agreement of 1927 signed between the Britain and the Sultanate of Johor on 19 October 1927, defines the territorial sea border between Malaysia and Singapore as:
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-04): Singapore is a city-state and island country in maritime Southeast Asia, located at the end of the Malayan Peninsula between Malaysia and Indonesia as well as the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. It is heavily compact and urbanised. As of 2023, Singapore has a total land area of approximately 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi).[1] Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait and from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor. [...] Topography [edit]Singapore's main territory looks like a diamond-shaped island, although its territory includes surrounding smaller islands. The farthest outlying island is Pedra Branca. Of Singapore's dozens of smaller islands, Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the larger ones. Most of Singapore is no more than 15 meters above sea level. [...] The causeway has caused ecological problems, most notably accumulation of silt in the Johore Strait. This has led to disagreements with Malaysia. Singapore has rejected Malaysia's proposal to replace the causeway with a bridge, and Malaysia has since proposed the idea of what became known as "the crooked half-bridge", descending halfway to link up with the low-level causeway.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2005-01-19): Singapore Strait channel, southeast Asia verifiedCite [...] Singapore Strait, channel extending for 65 miles (105 km) between the Strait of Malacca (west) and the South China Sea (east). The strait is 10 miles (16 km) wide and lies between Singapore Island (north) and the Riau Islands (south), part of Indonesia. It includes Johore Strait, Keppel Harbour, and many small islands. As the deepwater approach to the port of Singapore, the strait is one of the world’s busiest commercial routes.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-26): Singapore, an island city-state in Southeast Asia, lies off the southern edge of the Malay Peninsula and has a total area of about 734 km2 (281 mi2). It is separated from Peninsular Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to the north, and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to the south. Numerous parks and reserves occupy the island, so while it is an urban environment, there is significant greenery contending for space. [...] Singapore (officially, Republic of Singapore) is a unitary state and is divided into 5 Community Development Councils (CDCs). In alphabetical order, these councils are: Central Singapore CDC, North East CDC, North West CDC, South East CDC and South West CDC. Each Community Development Council has been further subdivided into electoral constituencies and town councils. [...] Singapore is an island country located off the coast of the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia, between the Indian Ocean and South China Sea. It is located in both Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. In fact, Singapore is just one degree of latitude above the Equator. The country borders South China Sea to the east, the Strait of Malacca to the west, and the Riau Islands lie to the south.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-27): Singapore and Malaysia concluded the territorial sea boundaries between them in the Strait of Johor in 1995. With the exception of a dispute over port limits in 2018-2019, which was quickly resolved, both countries have mainly respected this boundary. The maritime boundary between the two countries in the Strait of Singapore, however, has always been a complicated issue. Both Singapore and Malaysia disputed three small features located in the Strait of Singapore: Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge. This dispute was brought in front of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the court delivered its decision in 2008. The ICJ awarded the sovereignty of Pedra Branca, a small island with a lighthouse operating on it, to Singapore, whilst awarding Middle Rocks, two uninhabited rocks, to Malaysia. The sovereignty over South Ledge, a low-tide elevation, to the State in the territorial waters of which it is located as per Article 13 of UNCLOS. [...] The littoral States of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore—Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand—have successfully used bilateral negotiations to agree upon maritime boundaries across a large part of the Malacca Straits and Singapore.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait and from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor. Singapore's main territory is a diamond-shaped island, although its territory includes surrounding smaller islands. The farthest outlying island is Pedra Branca. Of Singapore's dozens of smaller islands, Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the larger ones. Most of Singapore is no more than 15 meters above sea level. The highest point of Singapore is Bukit Timah Hill, with a height of 165 m (538 ft) and made up of igneous rock, granite. Hills and valleys of sedimentary rock dominate the northwest, while the eastern region consists of sandy and flatter land. Singapore has no natural lakes, but reservoirs and water catchment areas have been constructed to store fresh water for Singapore's water supply. [...] There are more than 300 parks and 4 nature reserves in Singapore. There are also many trees planted, and almost fifty per cent of the country is covered by greenery. Because of this, Singapore is also commonly known as the 'Garden City'. Singapore claims an exclusive fishing zone within and beyond its territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice. Its territorial sea: extends 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) beyond its coastline.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-11): The Strait of Johor is situated north of Singapore, between mainland peninsula Malaysia and Singapore.1 The Territorial Waters Agreement of 1927 specified an imaginary line in the Johor Strait as an international boundary. In 1994, a new boundary line was drawn to help resolve future border disputes. There are no marker buoys indicating the actual border line, as this deep waterway is used as a shipping lane. [...] The 50-kilometre-long Strait of Johor sits between Singapore and Johor at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. There are two bridges crossing the strait. One is the Causeway, a rail-and-road link between Johor Bahru in Malaysia and Woodlands in Singapore.6 The other, known as the Second Link, connects Tanjung Kupang in Johor and Tuas in Singapore by road only.7 [...] Surveys began in 1982 to properly define the boundary. Talks between Malaysia and Singapore spanned for 14 years before the Boundary Agreement was finalised during their seventh meeting on 14 October 1994. The new boundary was drawn through precise coordinates based on the results of joint hydrographic surveys to determine territorial waters. As the strait is used for shipping, there are no marker buoys to indicate the actual border line for safety reasons.12
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-12-20): The ongoing dispute over territorial waters off Tuas began on October 25, when the Malaysian government unilaterally extended the limits of Johor Bahru port eastward beyond Malaysia’s 1979 territorial sea claim into Singaporean waters. Singapore has actively patrolled its territorial waters since 1999, in accordance with the map published by Malaysia in 1979. Since October 25, Singaporean officials have called repeatedly for Malaysia to cease the deployment of vessels into its territorial waters, stating that the intrusions are in violation of its territory and sovereignty. As of December 12, one Malaysian ship remains in the disputed waters. [...] In response, Singapore has adopted strong rhetoric against Malaysia due to the importance of water security and need to protect Singapore’s territorial boundaries, specifically the reclamation works within its borders. Malaysia regularly hampers such projects by claiming that these works take place in Malaysia’s territory. Moreover, the price of imported water is an existential concern for Singapore as the country is dependent on imports from Malaysia to satisfy around half of its current water needs. The underlying motivation of Singapore’s strong rhetoric against Malaysia, however, is driven by the fact that as a small state, Singapore has to emphasize and ensure that countries adhere to an regime that is based on international law and norms. Singapore simply cannot allow the principle of state sovereignty to be violated, lest it encourage future transgressions by its larger neighbors. [...] The ongoing disputes over the territorial waters off Tuas and the airspace over southern Johor will be discussed in a bilateral meeting that has been set for the second week of January 2019.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-12-01): For centuries, ports along the coasts have been more than transshipment sites for goods; they are also places of interaction between people from foreign cultures. The chequered history of the Strait of Malacca and the city-state of Singapore illustrate how maritime transportation has influenced the development of a coastal region in the course of history. The Strait of Malacca is the shortest shipping route between the Far East and the Indian Ocean. Ships have passed through it for centuries, and trading posts grew up from an early stage, which simultaneously became centres of education, science and art. People with different religious backgrounds – Hindu monks, Christian priests, Muslim scholars – from many regions of the world met here. There was lively exchange about navigation techniques and the art of shipbuilding. [...] Great Britain developed into the dominant power on the Strait of Malacca, with Malacca, Penang (George Town) and Singapore as its most important trading posts. Unlike Malacca, Singapore – an island at the southern tip of the Strait of Malacca – was still rather insignificant in economic terms at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It was predominantly inhabited by Malayan fishing families. In 1819, just a few years before the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, the British East India Company had founded its first trading outpost there. Its massive expansion into a major trading port finally began in 1867, when Singapore was declared a British Crown colony.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-26): - Association for Asian Studies - When the World Came to Southeast Asia: Malacca and the Global Economy - CORE - The Economic Importance of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore: An Extreme Scenario Analysis - BBC Future - Malacca Strait: How one volcano could trigger world chaos - Universidad de Navarra - Global Affairs - China and India fight for the gates of the Strait of Malacca Strait of Malacca, waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the west and peninsular (West) Malaysia and extreme southern Thailand to the east and has an area of about 25,000 square miles (65,000 square km). The strait is 500 miles (800 km) long and is funnel-shaped, with a width of only 40 miles (65 km) in the south that broadens northward to some 155 miles (250 km) between We Island off Sumatra and the Isthmus of Kra on the mainland. The strait derived its name from the trading port of Melaka (formerly Malacca)—which was of importance in the 16th and 17th centuries—on the Malay coast.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-02): A Cooperative Framework for Maintaining Safety in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore [...] The Straits of Malacca and Singapore are a 1,000-kilometer channel of water located between the Malay Peninsula and Singapore to the north, and Sumatra and other Indonesian islands to the south. Almost half of all global seaborne trade and roughly one third of the world’s crude oil passes through this route, making it one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. It is also a lifeline for Japan, with more than 80% of the country’s oil imports transported through the Straits. [...] The Malacca and Singapore Straits are within the territorial waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. As per the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which took effect in 1994, the Straits’ safety administration, including the maintenance of navigational aids, is the responsibility of these three countries. Because Singapore is home to a large number of trading companies, it enjoys the economic benefits of the Straits and has built and maintained lighthouses and buoys. Malaysia and Indonesia benefit far less, however, and are therefore shouldered with a relatively greater expense burden. Recognizing that Japan is a main stakeholder, The Nippon Foundation has taken on some of that burden and for more than 40 years has provided support for safe navigation and the protection of the marine environment.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Singapore, city-state located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles (137 kilometres) north of the Equator. It consists of the diamond-shaped Singapore Island and some 60 small islets; the main island occupies all but about 18 square miles of this combined area. The main island is separated from Peninsular Malaysia to the north by Johor Strait, a narrow channel crossed by a road and rail causeway that is more than half a mile long. The southern limits of the state run through Singapore Strait, where outliers of the Riau-Lingga Archipelago—which forms a part of Indonesia—extend to within 10 miles of the main island. Singapore is the largest port in Southeast Asia and one of the busiest in the world. It owes its growth and prosperity to its focal position at the southern extremity of the Malay Peninsula, where it dominates the Strait of Malacca, which connects the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea. Once a British colony and now a member of the Commonwealth, Singapore first joined the Federation of Malaysia on its formation in 1963 but seceded to become an independent state on August 9, 1965.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-04): Bilateral treaties have been concluded for the delimitation of the territorial seas, although not all disputes concerning the sovereignty over maritime features and the delimitation of the territorial seas have so far been settled.[4] In terms of treaties, there is between Indonesia and Malaysia, the Treaty relating to the Delimitation of the Territorial Seas in the Strait of Malacca of 17 March 1970;[5] between Indonesia and Singapore, the Agreement Stipulating the Territorial Sea Boundary Lines in the Strait of Singapore of 25 May 1973;[6] between the three States bordering the SOMS (hereafter referred to as the ‘SOMS States’), the Treaty Relating to the Delimitation of the Territorial Seas in the Western Part of the Strait of Singapore of 10 March 2009[7] and the Treaty Relating to the Delimitation of the Territorial Seas in the Eastern Part of the Strait of Singapore of 3 September 2014.[8]
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-07-30): Straits Settlements, former British crown colony on the Strait of Malacca, comprising four trade centres, Penang, Singapore, Malacca, and Labuan, established or taken over by the British East India Company. The British settlement at Penang was founded in 1786, at Singapore in 1819; Malacca, occupied by the British during the Napoleonic Wars, was transferred to the East India Company in 1824. The three territories were established as a crown colony in 1867. Labuan, which became part of Singapore Settlement in 1907, was constituted a fourth separate settlement in 1912. The Straits colony, occupied by Japanese during World War II, was broken up in 1946, when Singapore became a separate crown colony. Singapore attained full internal self-government in 1959, became a part of Malaysia in 1963, and became an independent republic in 1965. Labuan was incorporated in North Borneo (later Sabah) in 1946, which in turn became a part of Malaysia in 1963. Penang and Malacca were included in the Malayan Union in 1946, the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and Malaysia in 1963.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-05-17): Malaysia, a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia, gained independence from the British in 1957 and the Federation of Malaysia, comprising Malaysia, Sarawak, and Singapore, was officially declared in 1963. Singapore left this federation in 1965, by mutual agreement, after widespread ethnic and political tensions. The two nations have often had prickly relations marked by disputes over deliveries of freshwater to Singapore, land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits. In a 2008 dispute over territory in the Singapore Strait, the International Court of Justice awarded the Pedra Branca Islands to Singapore and the Middle Rocks to Malaysia. However, it did not rule on the disputed South ledge. In 2017, Malaysia applied for ownership of the South Ledge. The two countries have recently engaged in aggressive maritime activity that seeks to extend their territorial waters, especially over the ports of Johor Bahru and Tuas. [...] Another source of concern was an existing arrangement that allows Singapore’s air traffic controllers to manage airspace over southern Johor. PM Mahathir had said that Malaysia intended to take control of the airspace in stages, beginning in 2019. Singapore is a developed air-traffic hub and Malaysia intends to maintain its control over the strategic airspace. However, both countries have included as a part of the de-escalation measures a suspension of Malaysia’s permanent Restricted Area (RA) designation over Johor’s southern Pasir Gudang and withdrawal of Singaporean Instrument Landing System (ILS) procedures at Seletar Airport, allowing Malaysian carrier Firefly to use the airport.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-05-18): Both sides invoked sovereignty to defend their claims. Singapore’s government described Malaysia’s move as encroaching "Singapore’s territorial waters off Tuas". Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat claimed Malaysia’s move was a violation of international law. Other Singaporean ministers accused Malaysian government vessels of intruding its territorial waters. [...] The dispute should be understood in its broader historical context. In 1979, Malaysia mapped its sea territory, provoking protests from Singapore. In 1995, Malaysia and Singapore agreed upon (most of) a maritime boundary in the Johor Strait. In 1999, Malaysia published its amended Johor Bahru port limits, which corresponded to the territorial sea limits claimed in its 1979 map. The new moves extend the port limits beyond Malaysia’s 1979 territorial claim. [...] Another key maritime and territorial issue has been the ownership of Pedra Branca – a small island located at the eastern entrance of the Straits of Singapore – as well as two maritime features, Middle Rocks and South Ledge, a low-tide elevation. In 2008, the International Court of Justice awarded Singapore sovereignty of Pedra Branca. Malaysia filed an application to have the case reopened on the basis of new historical records, however, this last-ditch effort was abandoned in 2018.
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand www.salvationarmy.org.sg | www.salvationarmy.org.my | www.salvationarmy.org.mm [...] Countries included in the territory Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand Languages in which the gospel is preached Bahasa, Burmese, Chinese (Amoy, Cantonese, Hokkien, Mandarin), English, Falam, Hakah, Karen, Matu, Mindat, Mizo, Paoh, Tamil, Tedim, Telegu, Thado, Zarngeit Periodicals The War Cry
Claim: Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia (Singapore Strait, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-18): Together with legal certainty and security issues, economic considerations are also an important factor to be taken into account in maritime delimitation. This mainly refers to the use of a maritime area for transportation. In this regard, the Malacca and Singapore Straits are the most important shipping routes from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea. More than 70,000 ships navigate through the straits per year, making them crucial waterways for global trade. Being busy straits, the two straits are also the sources of income for Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Meanwhile, the decision concerning Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks, and South Ledge may, to an extent, enhance the number of shipping activities, since it can, generally, be seen as enhancement in ocean management in the region. More shipping activities require enhanced reliability concerning safety and administrative procedures and clarity regarding maritime division. Maritime division does matter since the passages conducted by ships need to acknowledge the state to which certain maritime areas belong. Therefore, maritime delimitation in the Singapore Strait becomes essential. This is another strong reason to accelerate the negotiations among Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore in relation to the delimitation of maritime boundaries in the Singapore Strait.