copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-01): Barahoti (Bara Hoti, Hoti Plain), also called Wu-Je or Wure (Chinese: 乌热; pinyin: Wū rè), located in the 'middle sector' of the disputed Sino-Indian border, is a 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) sloping plain situated in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, Chamoli district.[1] It is disputed by China, which also disputes a 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) area surrounding it.[2] The entire disputed area also goes by the name "Barahoti", or sometimes "Barahoti–Sangchamalla–Lapthal disputed area". The entire area is on the Ganges side of the Sutlej–Ganges water divide, which is also the current Line of Actual Control between India and China.[3] Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory claimed by China in 1954.[4] In 1960, China added Lapthal and Sangchamalla to the dispute and said that three places formed one composite area.[5]
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-08-01): Short Note: Chinese Army Incursion in Barahoti [...] Barahoti in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand is a midpoint on the 3440 kilometer Sino-India Line of Actual Control (LAC). The Chinese ingressions there are a routine affair and have been taking place since as back as 1954. In 1958, India and China had declared Barahoti as a disputed territory where neither side would send its troops. In 1962 war, China had focused only western and eastern sectors and not Barahoti.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-08): Barahoti is part of the central sector and is considered a sensitive area. [...] Barahoti is an 80 sq km contested area along the Line of Actual Control with China in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. It is about 400 km from the state capital of Dehradun and 100 km from Joshimath, the location of a brigade headquatres. [...] The last big incident of hostility in Barahoti took place in 2017 during the Doklam standoff when Chinese troops transgressed into Indian territory forcing Indian shepherds out leading to some tensions.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-06-12): Finally, there are no "minor" issues when the Indian borders are concerned. Barahoti, which witnessed the first Chinese intrusions on Indian soil in 1954 is indeed a telling case. [...] As a result of India not insisting on all the passes, China started claiming several areas south of the watershed, in particular the area south of the Tunjun-la pass, where Barahoti is located. [...] But India refused when it discovered that was just a pretext for China to find out the exact location of the place. They thought that Barahoti (they call it Wuje) was north of Tunjun-la. It seems a joke; unfortunately, the Chinese intrusions still continue today.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-11-14): The development comes just weeks after Chinese soldiers intruded into Indian territory in Barahoti Plains of Uttarakhand’s Chamoli district. Over 100 Chinese soldiers transgressed into Indian territory in Uttarakhand’s Barahoti on 30 August and damaged infrastructure, including a bridge, before retreating back, a report in the Economic Times had said. The first Chinese intrusions into Indian territory took place in the Barahoti plains in June 1954. Since then, Indian security forces report dozens of Chinese transgressions into Barahoti every year. [...] "Recently, a platoon (about 35 soldiers) from the PLA was seen operating around the Barahoti area in Uttarakhand. The Chinese were seen doing some activity in this area after a significant breach," an ANI report quoted sources as saying in July this year.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-02): Take Barahoti, in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, which witnessed the first Chinese intrusions on Indian soil in 1954. It is a telling case. [...] In July 2016, The Times of India explained: "It all began on July 22, when an Indian team of 19 civilians led by a Sub Divisional Magistrate first entered into the area in Barahoti, an area perceived by Chinese as their territory. …Six Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) personnel, in civil clothes and unarmed, accompanied the Indian civilians 200 metres inside the ‘alleged disputed’ territory." [...] As a result of India not insisting on all the passes, China started claiming several areas south of the watershed, in particular the area south of the Tunjun-la pass, where the plain of Barahoti is located.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-30): Barahoti (Bara Hoti, Hoti Plain), also called Wu-Je or Wure (Chinese: 乌热; pinyin: Wū rè), is a 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) sloping plain located in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, Chamoli district.[1] It is disputed by China, which also disputes a 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) area surrounding it.[2] The entire disputed area also goes by the name "Barahoti", or sometimes "Barahoti–Sangchamalla–Lapthal disputed area". The entire area is on the Ganges side of the Sutlej–Ganges water divide, which is also the current Line of Actual Control between India and China.[3] Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory claimed by China in 1954.[4] In 1960, China added Lapthal and Sangchamalla to the dispute and said that three places formed one composite area.[5]
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-13): For Beijing, there are six ‘disputed’ areas in the Central Sector which stretch over the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, namely Chuva-Chuje, near Sumdo/Kaurik in Kinnaur district, an area south of Shipki-la (pass) in the same district; Nilang-Jadhang in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand; and three areas in Chamoli district, namely Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla.To these, one should add Kalapani/Lipulekh, recently included in Nepal’s new maps. [...] As mentioned earlier, in 1954, the earliest Chinese incursion occurred in Barahoti, making it the first ‘disputed’ site along the entire boundary. [...] When an exchange of maps took place in 2000 for the Central Sector, Barahoti was the only place still claimed by China within their Line of Actual Control. One can only say that the Chinese claim to the area is far-fetched, as it clearly lies south of the watershed (Tunjun-la). But as Beijing promotes, first and foremost, its own interests and refuses to follow universally- recognised conventions, it is difficult to envisage a quick solution. India should hence be ready to deal with trouble in these ‘dormant’ Chinese- claimed areas in the Central Sector.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-09): Sitap Singh, who returned from Barahoti, said he decided to remain well inside Indian territory after learning from other shepherds that the Chinese troopers appeared very edgy this time. "I thought a war was imminent," he said. [...] According to ITBP and local police officials, Barahoti is a bowl-shaped area where Indian troops are entrenched in one corner and the Chinese in the other. In between the two sides is pasture land where the shepherds graze their sheep. Each time a group of shepherds move into the pasture land, the PLA troopers come stomping in and scare them away. This has been the case since the 1962 war. [...] The shepherds of Barahoti belong to the nomadic Bhotiya tribe. Once the Bhotiyas used to live all along the border of India and Tibet and used to trade in wool and salt between the two places. Till 1962, a large number of Bhotiya caravans of mules and yaks used to travel into Tibet laden with Indian goods when the snow melted. They would barter these goods for Tibetan merchandise to be sold in India.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-21): The Indian Army is on alert in the central sector after around 40 soldiers of the People's Liberation Army were seen patrolling the area along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) near Barahoti area in Uttarakhand. The Chinese military has increased its activities along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the Barahoti area of Uttarakhand. The movement on the Chinese side in the area has reportedly been seen after a gap of over six months. [...] Barahoti has seen several transgressions in the past and is claimed by the Chinese as part of their territory.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-10-04): On August 30, over 100 People’s Liberation Army (PLA) soldiers reportedly crossed the Line of Actual Control (LAC) at Barahoti in Uttarakhand, according to a recent report in Economic Times. The Chinese soldiers entered some 5 km into territory on the Indian side of the LAC. Although they remained here for 3 hours and damaged infrastructure, including a bridge, Indian troops did not challenge them or force them to leave. [...] While incidents of Chinese "transgressions" in the middle sector are not new – at the height of the crisis in Doklam in 2017, for instance, PLA soldiers breached the LAC at Barahoti – "there is an increase in the number of PLA troops coming in" here of late, defense ministry officials told The Hindu. During the recent incident at Barahoti, not only did PLA soldiers come in from "multiple locations within the Barahoti bowl," but also this time around, the transgression was "on a much higher scale," the officials said. [...] India has sent out a signal of weakness by not challenging the PLA intrusion at Barahoti. Did Modi government raise the matter through diplomatic channels? Or does it propose to object to such transgressions in the 13th round of talks, which are expected to take place early this month?
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-03): According to Times Now’s article in Central Sector, the contention between India and China is over 2,000 square km of territory, in eight separate areas. Barahoti lies on the border with China in the Chamoli district of Uttrakhand, north of the Nanda Devi National Park. An ITBP source had then told the Indian Express that, "On both occasions [on July 15 and July 25] about 15-20 Chinese soldiers transgressed into the territory at Barahoti that India and China lay claim upon. The soldiers stayed there for a while and returned." Earlier in July this year, an ANI report claimed, "Recently, a platoon (about 35 soldiers) from the PLA was seen operating around the Barahoti area in Uttarakhand. The Chinese were seen doing some activity in this area after a significant breach."
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-10-03): The transgression by Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) soldiers in Barahoti, Uttarakhand in August is part of the pattern of large-size patrols by China to assert their claim while also testing India across the Line of Actual Control (LAC), say Defence Ministry officials. [...] Over 100 PLA troops, along with a large number of horses, came in about 4-5 km inside the Barahoti ridgeline, across the Tun Jun La, which is the LAC in the area, and returned after a few hours, at least two officials confirmed. There are some makeshift wooden bridges constructed for Indian patrols to cross, they said. In the backdrop of the development, the China Study Group met on Friday to discuss the development, it has been learnt. "One of the reasons for the increased number of troops in the Chinese patrols is to prevent any surprise, or avoid being overwhelmed by Indian troops in case there is a flare-up, as the Indian Army and the ITBP are located all along and close to the LAC. In contrast, the PLA’s base from the LAC in the Barahoti area is 30 km on their side and they will take time to respond," another official said.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-10-06): Hotigad is a major water obstacle in the area during the monsoons and divides the Barahoti plains into two parts which is connected by a motorable road from Raiwala through Rudraprayag, Joshimath, Malari, Sumna up to Rimkim, the road head is about 8 kilometres from the LAC. Barahoti has traditionally been a camping ground for traders going to different trading centres of Tibet, like Gyanima Mandi, Gartok Mandi, etc, from the Chamoli district of Garhwal. While this was not actually a trading centre but more of a transit point for traders crossing over to Tibet, there were a few instances when a trade-mart was established there due to a breakout of an epidemic among the livestock in the markets of Tibet in 1866-1867. Thus, it was used only as an alternative to Tibetans (not Chinese) at a time when close ties existed between the people of India and sovereign Tibet. Traditionally, the locals who graze their livestock in this area knew this area as the Hoti plains. A temple near a natural spring in Barahoti, named Parvati Kund, is considered as a holy place by the local graziers.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-19): In a way, Barahoti could be explained by the fact that Indian negotiators omitted to insist on Tunjun-la as a pass notified in the 1954 Tibet Agreement. This gave an opportunity to the Chinese to claim an area south of the border pass. [...] The Report of 1960 further noted: "In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas." The Indian delegates argued that the traditional and customary boundary in this sector lay along the watershed range, marked by the passes of Tsangchok La, Mana, Niti, Tunjun La, Balcha Dhura, Kungri Bingri, Darma and Lipulekh; therefor "Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda were in Uttarkashi district (formerly Tehri-Garhwal State), Barahoti in Garhwal district and Sangchamalla and Lapthal in Almora district, in Uttar Pradesh State."
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-28): While there have been minor PLA transgressions in the sector over the past few years - the last one in July - the scale was much larger, leading to concern in New Delhi given continuing border tensions in eastern Ladakh. Government officials confirmed that Chinese soldiers along with military horses had come to the grazing ground near Barahoti, crossing the Tun Jun La Pass. [...] The Barahoti ridge lies north of the Nanda Devi National Park and troops trek to it from the last motorable point. The ridge is connected to Joshimath, where the Indian Army and ITBP have camps to counter any major PLA operations. The ITBP monitors the nearly 350 km border in Uttarakhand which is part of the Line of Actual Control that divides India and China. A home ministry official said that Indian and Chinese perceptions about LAC differ, which lead to frequent incursions in the area. An ITBP spokesperson, when contacted, refused to comment. Officials acknowledged that activities of PLA troops have gone up in the region in the past few months. "Earlier also several attempts were made by PLA to infiltrate the Barahoti area. Additional troops have been deployed in the central sector now," said another official. Intelligence agencies have also flagged Chinese activity at the air base near Barahoti. The PLA has also substantially increased its defence across the LAC in the region since the border confrontation in Ladakh last year.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-28): A few days later, the Department got the proper map: "I have now got the 1884 sheet nod several other maps from the Intelligence Branch. Bara Hoti [now written Barahoti] is within the British frontier, but last year the Tibetans were in possession much lower down, on our side, than Bara Hoti. They prevented the Assistant Commissioner passing within two days' march of Hoti - a proceeding the Commissioner of Kumaon thought perfectly reasonable and harmless." [...] Though Barahoti was well inside Indian territory, the exchange of notes continued during the following months and years. This exchange is the first of more than one thousand Memoranda, Notes and Letters exchanged by the Governments of India and China over the next ten years, published in the White Papers on China. [...] How Barahoti, a pass between Tibet and India, suddenly got a Chinese name is still today a mystery.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-28): Over 100 Chinese soldiers transgressed into Indian territory in Uttrakhand's Barahoti on 30 August and damaged infrastructure, including a bridge, before retreating back, a report in the Economic Times says. [...] Barahoti lies on the border with China in the Chamoli district of Uttrakhand, north of the Nanda Devi National Park. [...] "On both occasions [on July 15 and July 25] about 15-20 Chinese soldiers transgressed into the territory at Barahoti that India and China lay claim upon. The soldiers stayed there for a while and returned," a source in the Indo-Tibetan Border Police told the Indian Express back then.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-04-01): Contestations along the Sino-Indian border are complex and deeply region-specific. When it comes to Barahoti the same understanding of where the border is has never been accepted by China, Tibet, or India. Barahoti is a grazing ground about 16,000 feet above sea-level, close to the Tun Jun La pass between India and Tibet. To date there is no agreement on the geographical location of Barahoti. India claims it lies two miles south of Tun Jun La, China say it is 12 km to the north of the pass (Mathur 2012). In the everyday functioning of the local state’s outpost, this zone is a forgotten space where herdsmen, primarily Bhotiyas (lit. of Tibet) still take their livestock for grazing as the seasons change. In addition, a small contingent of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is stationed there.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-09): Soon after the Chinese occupied western Tibet in the early 1950s, they started claiming Barahoti as theirs. The IB recommended to the Government of India that it was essential that Delhi "should make it clear to the Government of Tibet and its Dzongpon that the Hoti Plain is Indian territory and the Tibetans have no right to establish any customs post there; nor can they exercise any authority in the area." [...] Though Barahoti was well inside India’s frontiers (clearly south of Tunjun-la, the watershed), arguments about the new ‘dispute’ continued with the exchange of hundreds of notes during the following months …and years. [...] Mehta explained that India made it clear that Barahoti was a small pasture ground south of Tunjun-la: "during the talks we specified the relevant coordinates and pointed out that the area involved was 2 miles in length and ¾ of a mile in breadth. The Chinese did not agree to our suggestion for the complete neutralisation of this area and hinted that they would continue to send civil officials, where upon we also informed them that we were reserving the right to send our own revenue officials to this area."
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-07-28): A pasture land where local people graze sheep, Barahoti in Chamoli district has a decades-long history of incursions by Chinese troops from across the McMahon Line close to it. The latest such instance happened on July 19. Chief minister Harish Rawat termed the matter as "worrisome", while the Centre chose to downplay it as a "minor breach". [...] 1) Barahoti, located in Uttarakhand’s border with China, is 397 km from the hill-state’s capital Dehradun 2) The scenic grassland in Chamoli district is connected roadways to Joshimath, and has a 100-km motorable road up to Rimkhim, the last Indian post 3) It requires a 3-km steep trek to Barahoti ridge, from where Tibet (under China) is visible 4) A 700-metre descend from the ridge takes one to pond called Parvati Kund. A little away, within the Barahoti pasture land is the seasonal Hoti river 5) Indian villagers worship the Parvati Kund. Permission from the local authorities is needed to visit the pond. Shepherds from Niti valley had been grazing their sheep for long across the Barahoti pasture land even as there are reports of Chinese thwarting them back frequently. [...] 7) Sources say the Indian troops patrol till Tanjula area, which is some 2 kms from Barahoti 8) McMahon Line, the actual line of control between India and China, is located in the Barahoti area. Sources say China doesn’t follow it, and its troops cross the line tend to stake a claim over the Indian soil..
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of India (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-18): In July, China reportedly crossed the Line of Actual Control (LAC), the de facto border between India and China, at Barahoti in India’s northern state of Uttarakhand on at least two separate occasions. In addition to Chinese aircraft carrying out reconnaissance sorties in the area, 20–25 soldiers of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) reportedly crossed into the demilitarized zone at Barahoti (Cankaoxiaoxi, August 2; Times of India, July 31). These incidents again highlighted India’s poor overland connectivity near the 3,488-km-long disputed border with China. The border post at Barahoti, for instance, is dependent on a single road that stops 20 km short of the LAC. Beyond that road, human porters and pack animals must carry supplies to the border post (India Strategic, September 2013). [1] While both countries are engaged in extensive road and rail building projects on their respective sides. Chinese progress, however, has significantly outpaced India’s. Indian Roads have been allowed to deteriorate and rail connections are non-existent and there is mounting concern in India that poor overland links to the LAC could prove costly in the event of a military confrontation with China.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of People's Republic of China (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-01): Barahoti (Bara Hoti, Hoti Plain), also called Wu-Je or Wure (Chinese: 乌热; pinyin: Wū rè), located in the 'middle sector' of the disputed Sino-Indian border, is a 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) sloping plain situated in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, Chamoli district.[1] It is disputed by China, which also disputes a 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) area surrounding it.[2] The entire disputed area also goes by the name "Barahoti", or sometimes "Barahoti–Sangchamalla–Lapthal disputed area". The entire area is on the Ganges side of the Sutlej–Ganges water divide, which is also the current Line of Actual Control between India and China.[3] Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory claimed by China in 1954.[4] In 1960, China added Lapthal and Sangchamalla to the dispute and said that three places formed one composite area.[5] [...] - Barahoti disputed area, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 1 February 2022.
Claim: Barahoti is a territory of People's Republic of China (Barahoti, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-31): Barahoti is a no man’s pasture land used by the local people to graze animals. A 350 km arc of the McMahon Line cuts through the area, signifying the Indo-Tibetan border. It lies some 400 km from Dehradun, up in the hills of Chamoli district in Garhwal. [...] Barahoti is an 80 sq km area of sloping pasture land. It falls in the middle sector of the Sino-Indian border, comprising Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. It is a demilitarised zone where Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) jawans are not allowed to take their weapons. In 1958, India and China listed Barahoti as a disputed area and agreed that neither side would send their troops there. In the 1962 war, the PLA did not enter the middle sector.