copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-21): Second, violence between Israel and Hezbollah has already started to climb after nearly two decades of low-level conflict. Since October 7, there have been more than 4,400 violent incidents concentrated around the Blue Line and the Golan Heights involving Israel and Hezbollah, according to CSIS analysis. In addition, CSIS analysis indicates that Hezbollah’s anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) have struck Israeli forces from concealed launch sites less than three kilometers from the Blue Line on at least 17 occasions since October 7, a clear violation of UNSCR 1701. [...] While Hezbollah has historically used its rockets and missiles to impose pain on Israel rather than as part of combined arms operations, an important unknown is how Hezbollah might use its rocket and (to a lesser extent) missile capabilities in support of ground operations against the IDF. Hezbollah could attempt to capture territory in northern Israel or the Golan Heights in a Hezbollah-Israel war, or at least conduct raids there.[36] This would require ground maneuver, which modern militaries usually enable using suppressive fire from artillery or air platforms. Hezbollah demonstrated the ability to integrate ground maneuver with suppressive fires in Syria, and it may attempt to do so in a war with Israel. Such tactics are difficult in practice, and expertise is probably unevenly distributed across Hezbollah’s military forces. IDF air defenses and air power would also limit Hezbollah’s ability to use its rockets and missiles in this manner.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): All eyes are on the Lebanon border tonight as Israel weighs how to respond to a rocket attack that killed 12 children over the weekend. Israel blames Hezbollah for the attack, but the Iranian-backed militant group denies responsibility. The attack happened in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights in a town that is largely Druze. That's an Arab minority group, some of whom are Israeli citizens. And how they identify - Israeli or not - can be complicated, as NPR's Kat Lonsdorf reports. [...] LONSDORF: "Israel needs to protect us, and to make us feel like this is our country." Israel seized this area, the Golan Heights, from Syria back in 1967, in the Six-Day War. Israel officially annexed it in 1981, but it's considered occupied territory under international law. The Druze have been living here for generations. Israel allows them citizenship, but it's a deeply personal choice, and many have refused. At the hospital where victims from the strike were taken, Moatassim Abu Saleh is waiting for news of his 12-year-old son, Alan. [...] YAZAN KHATER: They have to protect us. They told the world that Golan Heights is a part of Israel. They have to put everything to defend this area.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): Golan Heights, disputed territory between Israel and Syria The Golan Heights, a rocky plateau where 12 youths were killed Saturday amid clashes between Lebanon's Hezbollah and Israeli forces, is a strategic territory partially captured by Israel from Syria. [...] Approximately 1,200 square kilometres of the Golan Heights, which also borders Lebanon and Jordan, were annexed by Israel on December 14, 1981.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): MAJDAL SHAMS, Golan Heights — Israel struck Hezbollah targets deep inside Lebanon on Sunday, officials said, the day after a rocket strike from Lebanon killed 12 people, most of them teenagers and children, in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, raising the specter of all-out war. [...] The Golan Heights is a 500-square-mile strip along the border between Syria and Israel that Israel seized in 1967 and formally annexed in 1981. In 2019, President Donald Trump upended years of the status quo by making the United States the only country apart from Israel to recognize it as Israeli territory.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): MAJDAL SHAMS, Golan Heights — A single black flag of mourning and growing numbers of wreaths and bouquets mark the site where a rocket struck on Saturday night, killing at least 12, mostly children and teenagers, at a soccer field in Majdal Shams, an Israeli-controlled town in the Golan Heights. [...] Hezbollah has denied responsibility for the strike in Majdal Shams. It is unusual for the group to deny an attack, and in a series of statements issued on Saturday, Hezbollah did say it had struck nearby military targets in the Golan Heights. In one statement, Hezbollah claimed to have used a Falaq-1 rocket, the same munition Israel says hit the soccer field. However, the timings of the Hezbollah statements do not neatly align with the strike. Hezbollah said the Falaq-1 rocket was fired at 5:20 p.m. local time, while the IDF says Majdal Shams was hit at 6:18 p.m. [...] About 25,000 Druze live in the Golan Heights, which Israel captured from Syria in 1967. It remains disputed, and much of the international community considers it to be Syrian territory occupied by Israel.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Since October 2023, Hezbollah and Israel have engaged in hostilities, mostly confined to the south of Lebanon and north of Israel. As of 10 September, the total death toll due to Israeli attacks had risen to 589 in Lebanon, as of 19 September, the toll due to Hezbollah attacks rose to 34 in Israel. A further 12 people were killed in the occupied Golan Heights. The spike in the death toll in Lebanon over the past three days alone is therefore exponential. [...] Across the same period, Hezbollah and other armed groups have fired projectiles at northern Israel and killed at least 14 civilians in Israel, according to the Israeli authorities. On 27 July, 12 civilians, all children, were killed in an attack on Majdal Shams in the occupied Golan Heights. Around 63,000 residents of northern Israel have been evacuated since 8 October.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-27): Rocket fired from Lebanon kills more than 10 in Golan Heights, says Israeli army A rocket fired from Lebanon on Saturday struck a football pitch and killed at least 11 people in the Israeli-annexed Golan Heights, Israel's army said. The Israeli military said the rocket was fired by the Iran-backed militant group Hezbollah, which said it had "no connection to this incident". A rocket fired from Lebanon hit a football pitch in an Arab town in the Israeli-annexed Golan Heights Saturday, killing 11 youngsters in what the army described as the "deadliest attack on Israeli civilians since October 7".
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): The U.S. said Sunday that it has been in "continuous discussions" with Israel and Lebanon after Israel and the U.S. blamed Hezbollah for a rocket attack a day earlier on a Golan Heights soccer field that killed at least 12 children and teens, sparking fears of a broader conflict in the region. [...] Footage aired on Israeli Channel 12 showed a large blast in one of the valleys in the Druze town of Majdal Shams, in the Golan Heights, which Israel captured from Syria in the 1967 Mideast war and annexed in 1981. Some Druze have Israeli citizenship. Many still have sympathies for Syria and rejected Israeli annexation, but their ties with Israeli society have grown over the years. [...] U.S. intelligence officials have no doubts that Hezbollah carried out the attack on the Golan Heights, but it was not clear if the militant group intended the target or misfired, according to a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to comment publicly.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Golan Heights, hilly area overlooking the upper Jordan River valley on the west. The area was part of extreme southwestern Syria until 1967, when it came under Israeli military occupation, and in December 1981 Israel unilaterally annexed the part of the Golan it held. The area’s name is from the biblical city of refuge Golan in Bashan (Deuteronomy 4:43; Joshua 20:8). Geographically, the Golan is bounded by the Jordan River and the Sea of Galilee on the west, Mount Hermon (Arabic: Jabal Al-Shaykh; Hebrew: Har Ḥermon) on the north, the seasonal Wadi Al-Ruqqād (a north-south branch of the Yarmūk River) on the east, and the Yarmūk River on the south. As a political unit the boundaries differ; Israel is the suzerain of almost all of the Golan except for a narrow strip in the east that follows the Israeli-Syrian armistice line of June 10, 1967, which was later modified by the separation of forces agreement of May 31, 1974. The Golan extends about 44 miles (71 km) from north to south and about 27 miles (43 km) from east to west at its widest point. It is roughly boat-shaped and has an area of 444 square miles (1,150 square km). The better agricultural land lies in its southern portion; the stony foothills of Mount Hermon in the north, with patches of woodland and scrub, are a stock-raising area. The Israeli portion of the Golan rises to 7,297 feet (2,224 metres) at its extreme northeast point on the Mount Hermon slopes.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-09): The Committee next took up the draft resolution "Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources" (document A/C.2/78/L.44), approving it by a recorded vote of 151 in favour to 6 against (Canada, Israel, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, United States), with 11 abstentions. [...] The representative of Iran said that genocide and war crimes are happening in Gaza before the international community’s eyes, as a result of the occupation continuing over seven decades. The Israeli regime’s imminent ground invasion into Gaza is a humanitarian disaster and will seriously threaten regional and global peace and security. He regretted that the international community’s response to these severe violations has fallen short of holding those responsible accountable. Iran considers the Golan an integral part of Syria’s territory and condemns all measures by the Israeli regime to undermine Syria’s territorial integrity. He condemned the continuing occupation of Syrian territory and called upon all Member States to comply with international obligations and not to recognize such illegal actions and acts of aggression. He also called on the international community, Member States and the Security Council in particular to shoulder its responsibilities and take decisive action, forcing the Israeli regime to adhere to international obligations and renounce its aggressive actions, occupation and atrocities.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): Hezbollah, Israel and the Golan Heights: What is happening and why? [...] The Golan Heights is a rocky plateau in south-west Syria, extending towards north-east Israel. [...] Most Hezbollah attacks since 8 October have hit northern Israel, with fewer strikes on the Golan Heights. It has, though, repeatedly targeted Israeli military positions on part of the Golan Heights called the Shebaa Farms/Mount Dov, just a few miles from Majdal Shams.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): What is the Golan Heights? The Golan Heights is a rocky plateau in southwestern Syria, about 60km (40 miles) south of Damascus. It is bordered by the Yarmouk river in the south and the Sea of Galilee in the west. [...] - Besides the United States, no country formally recognises Israel’s annexation of the region. All other countries consider the Golan to be Syrian territory occupied by Israel, - In 1981, the UN Security Council unanimously passed a resolution opposing Israel’s occupation of the Golan Heights, calling on Israel to rescind its imposition of Israeli law on the plateau. It declared Israel’s rule over Golan "null and void and without international legal effect".
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Golan Heights has officially been recognised as part of Syria since the country won independence in 1944. [...] The Golan Heights is a strategic plateau straddling Israel and Syria and overlooking southern Lebanon. It was captured by Israel during the Middle East war of 1967 and subsequently annexed in a move never recognised by the international community. [...] With tensions continuing to mount between Israel and Lebanon, the Golan Heights is likely to maintain its central role in the region's security.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-13): Lebanon and Israel may have agreed on a maritime border between their two countries late last year, but the land border between areas the two nations control, including the Golan Heights, is more combustible. [...] While the withdrawal was certified by the United Nations, Lebanon disputed it, arguing that the Shebaa Farms was part of its territory, and not part of the Syrian Golan Heights, which Israel continues to occupy. So there are two separate issues here that lead to the current dispute: the first is that Israel occupies the Golan Heights and treats it as its own territory in violation of international law, and the second is that there was already a pre-existing disagreement between Syria and Lebanon over the border, prior to the Israeli occupation.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-30): Israeli drones struck a remote road in southern Lebanon, underscoring tensions as the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, promised a "harsh" response to the rocket strike on the occupied Golan Heights that killed 12 children. [...] Hezbollah probably denied responsibility for the strike on Majdal Shams because of the high number of casualties, the location in an area internationally recognised to be Syrian land occupied by Israel, and the Druze Arab identity of the victims. The Druze are a sect who live in the Golan Heights, parts of southern Syria and into Lebanon.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-03-28): The seven-hundred-square-mile Golan Heights overlooks Israel to its west, Lebanon to its north, Syria to its east, and Jordan to its south. During the 1967 Six Day War, Syrian forces on the Golan Heights shelled Israeli farms in the Hula Valley below, and Israeli forces captured the territory from them following the Israeli seizure of the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt and the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan. [...] Civil war in Syria since 2011 has given the Golan Heights new strategic significance for Israel. As President Bashar al-Assad’s grasp on power appeared tenuous, he bound himself to Iran and Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shia movement, to ensure his regime’s survival. Fighting between rebel and regime-aligned forces brought Iran’s Quds Force, an elite paramilitary unit, and Hezbollah militants to the edge of the Golan Heights. As Assad has consolidated his control, Israelis now worry that Iran and its proxies could maintain a permanent foothold there. [...] Adherents of an offshoot of Ismaili Shiism, the Druze reside primarily in Lebanon and Syria. The Golan Heights Druze by and large remain attached to their Syrian nationality, but the civil war in Syria has disrupted their ties to their brethren in the country’s southwest. Like East Jerusalem Palestinians, Golan Heights Druze do not recognize Israeli annexation and so most have refused Israeli citizenship, maintaining status as permanent residents instead. This distinguishes them from Druze within Israel’s pre-1967 borders, who are the one minority that participates in Israel’s military draft.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): The Golan Heights (Arabic: هَضْبَةُ الْجَوْلَانِ, romanized: Haḍbatu l-Jawlān or مُرْتَفَعَاتُ الْجَوْلَانِ, Murtafaʻātu l-Jawlān; Hebrew: רמת הגולן, Ramat HaGolan, ), or simply the Golan, is a basaltic plateau at the southwest corner of Syria. It is bordered by the Yarmouk River in the south, the Sea of Galilee and Hula Valley in the west, the Anti-Lebanon mountains with Mount Hermon in the north and Wadi Raqqad in the east. Two thirds of the area has been occupied by Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War and then effectively annexed in 1981 – an action unrecognized by the international community, which continues to consider it Israeli-occupied Syrian territory. [...] On 25 March 2019, then-President of the United States Donald Trump proclaimed U.S. recognition of the Golan Heights as a part of the State of Israel, making it the first country to do so.[233][234] Israeli officials lobbied the United States into recognizing "Israeli sovereignty" over the territory.[235] The 28 member states of the European Union declared in turn that they do not recognize Israeli sovereignty, and several experts on international law reiterated that the principle remains that land gained by either defensive or offensive wars cannot be legally annexed under international law.[236][237][238]
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): The Golan Heights is a strategic plateau that Israeli seized from Syria during the Six-Day War in 1967, before formally annexing it in 1981. The hilly landscape, which spans some 500 square miles, also shares a border with Jordan and Lebanon. [...] The Golan Heights is considered to be occupied territory under international law and UN Security Council resolutions, and Syria continues to demand it be returned. [...] Israel sees the Golan Heights as key to its national security interests and says it needs to control the region to fend off threats from Syria and Iranian proxy groups there.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-14): The Golan Heights is an area of 1,800km² on the border between Israel and Syria. Today it’s mostly occupied by Israel, but it was under Syrian sovereignty until June 1967, when Israel took control of most of the area in the Six-Day War, a military conflict with Egypt, Jordan and Syria. Although Israel controls only about two-thirds of what is known as the Golan Heights, it controls the most strategic points. Israel captured the Golan Heights for several reasons, but two in particular stand out: to expand its borders, and to create a buffer zone against Syria. [...] The Golan Heights’ high altitude provides it with observation points deep into Syria, with which Israel has never formally made peace. Israel has long wanted to reach bilateral political settlements with some of its Arab neighbours, and one of its strategies was to occupy territory and return it through negotiation. In the vernacular of Arab-Israeli relations, this is known as "land for peace".
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Golan Heights is a rocky plateau in south-west Syria, extending towards north-east Israel. [...] Israel annexed the area in 1981, in a move which has not been recognised by the vast majority of the international community. The Trump administration broke with decades of US policy by recognising Israeli sovereignty over the occupied Golan Heights in 2019. [...] Israel offered citizenship to all of the Golan Height's residents, though many chose to retain their allegiance to Syria.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-03-22): Golan Heights: Why it matters to US, Israel and Syria [...] The Golan was Syrian territory until 1967, when Israel occupied it in the Six-Day War and later annexed it. The 1981 annexation was not recognized internationally and UN Security Council Resolutions determined Israeli sovereignty over the area to be null and void pending negotiations with Syria. [...] The Golan is only 60 km (40 miles) from Damascus and provides Israel with a strong defensive-offensive position and vantage point to observe military movements across the border. On the other hand, Syrian control over the Golan would provide it with strategic heights overlooking Israel.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-03-26): US President Donald Trump has signed a presidential order recognising Israel as the lawful authority over the Golan Heights, an occupied territory along the Syrian border. [...] The Golan Heights, often referred to simply as the Golan, is a rocky plateau located along the border of Israel and Syria. It also shares smaller borders with Lebanon to the north and Jordan to the south. [...] However, Saudi state news agency SPA has warned that the US recognition of Golan Heights as Israeli territory will have "significant negative effects on the peace process in the Middle East and the security and stability of the region".
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-29): The Golan Heights: Why it matters [...] The Golan Heights is a strategic plateau straddling Israel and Syria and overlooking southern Lebanon. It was captured by Israel during the Middle East war of 1967 and subsequently annexed in a move never recognised by the international community. [...] The Golan is recognised as part of Syria by the United Nations. UN Resolution 242 calls for Israel to withdraw from Golan and other territories it occupied in 1967, including Gaza and the West Bank.
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-29): Golan Heights profile - Published [...] Israel seized the Golan Heights from Syria in the closing stages of the 1967 Six-Day War. Most of the Syrian Arab inhabitants fled the area during the conflict. [...] In 2019, US President Donald Trump officially recognised Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights. Syria criticised the move as "a blatant attack on its sovereignty".
Claim: Golan Heights is a territory of Israel (Golan Heights, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-01): On March 25, 2019, the United States officially recognized the Golan Heights as being under the sovereignty of Israel. Signed into effect by the Trump administration, the U.S. presidential proclamation marked the first instance of any country recognizing Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights;[1] the territory is viewed as part of Syria under international law, though it has been under an Israeli military occupation since the 1967 Arab–Israeli War.[2] In 1981, Israel's government passed the Golan Heights Law — a de facto annexation of the territory. [...] - ^ Observer, Oman (March 26, 2019). "Sultanate says Golan Heights are Syrian land occupied by Israel". Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2020. [...] - ^ "Sudan condemns U.S. recognition of Golan Heights as Israeli territory". Xinhua. March 27, 2019. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.