copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1995-08-23): The Orange River (from Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier) is a river in Southern Africa. It is the longest river in South Africa. With a total length of 2,432 km (1,511 mi), the Orange River Basin extends from Lesotho into South Africa and Namibia to the north. It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Lesotho and between South Africa and Namibia, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Except for Upington, it does not pass through any major cities. The Orange River plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honour of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon. [...] The Orange River then runs westward through South Africa, forming the south-western boundary of the Free State province. In this section, the river flows first into the Gariep Dam and later into the Vanderkloof Dam. From the border of Lesotho to below the Vanderkloof Dam, the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Free State Republic [edit]The independent Boer republic of Orange Free State evolved from colonial Britain's Orange River Sovereignty, enforced by the presence of British troops, which lasted from 1848 to 1854 in the territory between the Orange and Vaal rivers, named Transorange. Britain, due to the military burden imposed on it by the Crimean War in Europe, then withdrew its troops from the territory in 1854, when the territory along with other areas in the region was claimed by the Boers as an independent Boer republic, which they named the Orange Free State. In March 1858, after land disputes, cattle rustling and a series of raids and counter-raids, the Orange Free State declared war on the Basotho kingdom, which it failed to defeat. A succession of wars were conducted between the Boers and the Basotho for the next 10 years.[57] The name Orange Free State was again changed to the Orange River Colony, created by Britain after the latter occupied it in 1900 and then annexed it in 1902 during the Second Boer War. [...] The British, who at that time controlled the area between the Orange and Vaal Rivers called the Orange River Sovereignty, decided a discernible boundary was necessary and proclaimed a line named the Warden Line, dividing the area between British and Basotho territories. This led to conflict between the Basotho and the British, who were defeated by Moshoeshoe's warriors at the battle of Viervoet in 1851.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-18): The Orange River (from Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier) is a river in Southern Africa. It is the longest river in South Africa. With a total length of, the Orange River Basin extends from Lesotho into South Africa and Namibia to the north. It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Lesotho and between South Africa and Namibia, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Except for Upington, it does not pass through any major cities. The Orange River plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honour of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon. Other names include simply the word for river, in Khoekhoegowab orthography written as !Garib, which is rendered in Afrikaans as Gariep River with the intrusion of a velar fricative in place of the alveolar click,[2] Groote River (derived from Kai !Garib) or Senqu River (used in Lesotho), derived from ǂNū "Black".[3] It is known in isiZulu as isAngqu.[4]
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-12-09): - CHAPTER XLV CREATION OF THE ORANGE RIVER SOVEREIGNTY - CHAPTER XLVI THE ORANGE RIVER SOVEREIGNTY - CHAPTER XLVII THE ORANGE RIVER SOVEREIGNTY—(continued) [...] CHAPTER XLVI - THE ORANGE RIVER SOVEREIGNTY
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-23): The Orange River Colony was the British colony created after Britain first occupied (1900) and then annexed (1902) the independent Orange Free State in the Second Boer War. The colony ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province.[2] [...] At the eventual National Convention, former State President M. T. Steyn took a leading and conciliatory part, and subsequently the Orange River legislature agreed to the terms drawn up by the convention for the unification of the four self-governing colonies in the Union of South Africa.[2] Under the imperial act by which unification was established (31 May 1910) the colony entered the Union under the style of the Orange Free State Province. Fischer and Hertzog became members of the first Union government, while A. E. W. Ramsbottom became the first administrator of the Orange Free State as a province of the Union.[2] [...] See also [edit]- Orange River Sovereignty - Free State Province - Vicariate Apostolic of Orange River for the Catholic missionary history - Postage stamps and postal history of the Orange Free State
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-11): The Orange River (Gariep River, Groote River, or Senqu River) is the longest river in South Africa. It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho and then flows west through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Namibia and between South Africa and Lesotho, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Although the river does not pass through any major cities, it plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation, mining, industrial and municipal use, as well as hydroelectric power. The Vaal River basin, part of the broader Orange River basin, is the industrial heartland of South Africa, producing more than 25 percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). [...] The total catchment of the Orange River (including the Vaal) extends over 973,000 square kilometers, i.e., about 77 percent of the land area of South Africa. Approximately 366,000 square kilometers (38 percent) is situated in Lesotho, Botswana, and Namibia. The Orange River provides a belt of green vegetation through an otherwise hot and dry desert. It also provides water to the Orange River mouth, which is used by many birds as they migrate from one hemisphere to another annually. South Africa became a signatory to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance in 1971. It must therefore identify and protect areas of environmental importance with respect to wetlands used by waterfowl.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-11): The Orange River, known as "eGariep" to the Bushmen and "die Grootrivier" too early explorers, is a significant geographical feature of South Africa. Despite common misconceptions, its name isn't derived from its color. Instead, it was named "Oranjerivier" in 1777 by Robert Jacob Gordon, a Dutchman of Scottish descent, to honor Prince William of the Royal Dutch House of Orange. [...] The Orange River forms international borders between South Africa and Namibia, South Africa and Lesotho, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Despite not passing through any major cities, it plays a crucial role in the South African economy by supporting agriculture, industry, and mining. [...] The Orange River is a popular destination for River Run adventures in South Africa, offering thrilling yet safe river trails. Rapids along the stretch between Noordoewer and the Fish River Junction reach a grade of 2 to 2.5 (graded between 1 and 6, from gentle to impossible).
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-03-16): South Africa's longest and major river, rising in the Drakensberg in Lesotho (where it is known as the Senqu) it flows westward for 2200 km, where it finally reaches the Atlantic Ocean at Alexander Bay. At the source of the Orange River in Lesotho the rainfall is 2000 mm per Year. It decreases Westwards so that at its mouth, rainfall is less than 50 mm per Year. The total catchment Area of the Orange River (including that of a major tributary, the Vaal) is 973 000 km2 (which is 77% of the land area of the entire South Africa: 1 268 535 km2). Approximately 366 000 km2 (38%) are however situated outside the Country in Lesotho, Botswana and Namibia.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Orange River, River, southern Africa. It rises in the Lesotho Highlands as the Sinqu River and flows west as the Orange across South Africa. It passes the southern edge of the Kalahari Desert and winds through the Namib Desert before draining into the Atlantic Ocean in South Africa. It forms the border between South Africa and Namibia. It is about 1,300 mi (2,100 km) long. There are some irrigated sections along the river and many dams but no large towns. Orange River summary verifiedCite [...] Below is the article summary. For the full article, see Orange River.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The Orange River is the longest in South Africa. Flowing across almost the entire width of the country, it makes its way from the highlands in the east through the Kalahari depression in the west to empty into the South Atlantic Ocean. Its major tributary, the Vaal River, is one of its northern headwaters; the two rivers together have a combined length of about 1,300 miles. Together with other major rivers on the continent, the Orange–Vaal river system shares the characteristic of flowing over steep gradients for numerous stretches of its course. The largest drop (about 400 feet) occurs at the Augrabies Falls.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The Orange River is the longest river in South Africa. It flows 1,300 miles (2,100 kilometers) across the width of the country. The river forms a large part of the border between South Africa and Namibia. [...] The Orange River flows from east to west across South Africa. It flows through the Eastern Cape, Free State, and Northern Cape provinces. The river flows into the Atlantic Ocean at Alexander Bay in the Northern Cape. The Vaal and Caledon rivers are two main tributaries of the Orange River. The Orange River plays an important role in the economies of both Lesotho and South Africa. The river provides fresh water for crop irrigation and drinking. The Orange River is also used to generate power.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-23): The Orange River (officially called Oranje) is a river in Southern Africa. It is 2,160 kilometres (1,340 mi) long. It starts in Lesotho, and is the longest river there. For large parts of its course, it forms the border between South Africa and Namibia. Geography [change | change source]The Orange river basin extends into South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. The river starts in the Drakensberg mountains. It passes only through the city of Upington: it does not run through other major cities. Economic usage [change | change source]The river is important for the South African economy. Its water is used for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honor of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-07): The Orange river is 2,300 km (1,430 mi) in length and it is the longest river in South Africa. It is also a major river of Africa. The source of the river is located in the Drakensberg mountain in Lesotho and the river flow westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river is part of the international borders separating South Africa from Namibia, and South Africa from Lesotho, as well as several provincial borders in South Africa [...] The Orange River map
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-07-26): Orange River, river in southern Africa, one of the longest rivers on the continent and one of the longest south of the Tropic of Capricorn. After rising in the Lesotho Highlands, less than 125 miles (200 kilometres) from the Indian Ocean, the river flows to the Atlantic Ocean in a generally westerly direction for some 1,300 miles. The Orange traverses the veld region of South Africa, after which it defines the southern limit of the Kalahari and bisects the southern Namib before draining into the Atlantic at Alexander Bay, S.Af. Along its course the river forms the eastern boundary of the South African province of Free State, as well as the boundary between Namibia and South Africa. The Orange River—together with the Vaal, its principal tributary—forms a drainage basin with an area of at least 330,000 square miles (855,000 square kilometres). The western part of the basin is generally dry, flat, and unamenable to cultivation without irrigation. The river itself is of vital economic importance to the region through which it flows. Two projects—the Orange River Project and the Lesotho Highland Project, both in various stages of construction—have been designed to meet the water demand for irrigation, urbanization, and economic development in the central industrial areas of South Africa.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-13): 18th Century - Oorlam people from Cape Colony cross the Orange River and move into southern Namibia.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-01): The Orange River is a vast and complex river system located within the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The basin has a size of 964,000 square kilometers, and is inhabited by 19 million people. The river is shared between Lesotho, South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia. It rises in the Lesotho highlands, where it is known as the Senqu River, and then flows 2,300 kilometers towards the Atlantic Ocean. Along the way, it is fed by a number of tributaries, most importantly the Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River, and Molopo-Nossob River. For the last 600 kilometers before entering the Atlantic Ocean, the lower Orange River runs along the boundary between South Africa and Namibia (Sullivan, 2015).
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-17): The focus of this chapter is on the region of the Lower !Garib/Orange River, which forms the border between Namibia and South Africa. We describe the ways in which this area was constituted as a hinterland within shifting territorial formations during the colonial, apartheid, and post-colonial periods. We develop a concept of hinterland subject to historical and spatial specificity, and beyond the binary of center and periphery. We pay attention to shifting scales and changing perspectives that engendered the conception of the region as a domain of dynamic economic, political, and cultural change in the nineteenth century; a prospecting area for mining and commercial farming in the twentieth century; or a periphery marked by structural impoverishment and environmental degradation in the twenty-first century. [...] Officially, the river is called Orange River in Namibia. On the South African side, the name Gariep is also widely used and an application for officially renaming it is pending. Gariep is an Afrikaans way to spell the Khoekhoegowab name !Garib. We use Orange River and !Garib interchangeably. [...] Rutishauser, Wanda. 2023. The Orange River Boundary and the Ongoing Border Dispute Between Namibia and South Africa. In The Lower !Garib/Orange River: Pasts and Presents of a Southern African Border Region, ed. Luregn Lenggenhager, Martha Akawa, Giorgio Miescher, Romie Nghitevelekwa and Ndidzulafhi Innocent Sinthumule. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag: 211–224.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-26): A study led by NASA researchers provides new estimates of how much water courses through Earth’s rivers, the rates at which it’s flowing into the ocean, and how much both of those figures have fluctuated over time — crucial information for understanding the planet’s water cycle and managing its freshwater supplies. The results also highlight regions depleted by heavy water use, including the Colorado River basin in the United States, the Amazon basin in South America, and the Orange River basin in southern Africa.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-12-14): Keywords: south africa | orange free state | orange river colony | [...] Orange River Colony until it was incorporated into the Union of [...] I think that the fact that the country was named after the Orange River (itself named after the Dutch royal house) must have had a bearing and that the canton and stripes design is likely a reference to the Stars and
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-04-05): Accordingly a colonial ensign bearing the principal charge from the Arms was approved for the Orange River Colony. This flag was used until the Colony was incorporated into the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910 and became the [...] Orange River Colony flew a Blue Ensign with badge in the fly between 1904 - 1910. [...] Administrator's flag for the Orange River Colony. It's not perfect, but I have given up trying to get it there. The imperfection is very minor, and I'm reckoning that most of you won't be able to tell what's wrong. This should suffice for
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-20): The Orange River, also known as the Gariep River, has a rich history dating back centuries. It is the largest river in South Africa. It forms part of the extensive river system in Southern Africa, with one of its major tributaries being the Caledon River. [...] The Orange River, also known as the Gariep River, is located in Southern Africa. It is the longest river in South Africa and the third-longest river on the African continent. The river originates in the Drakensberg Mountains in Lesotho and the river flows further westward through South Africa, forming part of the international borders between South Africa and Namibia, as well as between South Africa and Lesotho. [...] The Orange River, a pivotal feature in Southern Africa, is encompassed by various geographical and hydrological elements. As part of the Orange River scheme, it originates in the Drakensberg Mountains, and its course is marked by a deeply incised river bed, with notable gravel deposits both in the river and along its banks. As the river then runs westward, its flow is significantly shaped by these geological characteristics. The Orange River, supposedly named for the orange color of its water under certain conditions, holds historical significance, particularly during the South African Diamond Rush. As the river makes its journey towards the Atlantic, it flows through diverse landscapes, including wine-producing areas around its mouth.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-04-05): Initially the Boers (Voortrekkers) who came from the Cape Colony in the Great Trek settled just north of the Orange River, which formed the border between the Cape Colony and the rest of South Africa. The Boers declared the area the Orange Free State, a Boer republic in 1853. The Orange Free State was recognised as an independent territory under the Bloemfontein Convention in 1854. The convention guaranteed the independence of the territory between the Orange and Vaal Rivers. In the course of the Second Boer War (1988-1902) the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR), also known as the Transvaal Republic, were engaged in a war against the British. The war ended in 1902 when the Boer lost the war. Consequently the Orange Free State was annexed as the Orange River Colony and was later incorporated in the Union of South Africa in 1910. Its name became the Orange Free State once more and after South Africa's transition to democracy in 1994 the Orange Free State became a South African province and the name was changed to Free State. SAHO, Free State, from South African History Online, [online], Available at www.sahistory.org.za [Accessed: 2 April 2014]|SAHO, ‘The Bloemfontein Convention is signed’, from South African History Online, [online], Available at www.sahistory.org.za [Accessed: 2 April 2014]|Barnes, F.G., (2003), The Boer War 1899-1902, (Osprey Publishing), p.11|History Today, Historical Dictionary: Orange Free State, from historytoday, [online], Available at www.historytoday.com [Accessed: 2 April 2014]
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-06-28): The Orange Free State and the Transvaal (officially the South African Republic) were independent countries in southern Africa in the 19th century established largely by Dutch/Afrikaans-speaking settlers known as the Boers (Boer translates to "farmer" in Dutch). Occupying areas in what is today South Africa, the Boers of the 19th century were pastoral and religiously-oriented, and they excluded indigenous people from participation in the church and state. Together, these countries were referred to as the Boer Republics, which lasted some fifty years until 1902, when they were defeated in the Boer Wars, which also may be referred to as the Anglo-Boer Wars, South African Wars, among other names. [...] Following the British victory, the Boer Republics came under British control, becoming the Orange River Colony and Transvaal Colony (as seen in the 1902 map below). Today, these lands and others make up the Republic of South Africa. To learn more about the Boer Wars and their place in South African history today, watch independent scholar Martin Meredith’s excellent lecture "Diamonds, Gold and War: The British, the Boers and the Making of South Africa," presented at the Library of Congress in 2007.
Claim: Orange River is a territory of South Africa (Orange River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Orange River Sovereignty [edit]In March 1849 Major Warden was succeeded at Bloemfontein as civil commissioner by Mr C. U. Stuart, but he remained the British resident until July 1852. A nominated legislative council was created, a high court established and other steps taken for the orderly government of the country, which was officially styled the Orange River Sovereignty. In October 1849 Moshoeshoe was induced to sign a new arrangement considerably curtailing the boundaries of the Basotho reserve. The frontier towards the Sovereignty was thereafter known as the Warden line. A little later the reserves of other chieftains were precisely defined.[6]