copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: India with 5288 tops the list of countries with most universities (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-21)
Evidence (2023-02-13): The US-based National Science Foundation (NSF) published a report titled ‘Science & Engineering Indicators 2022,’ that saw India climbing to third place in 2020 from seventh place in 2010. According to the report, six nations contribute more than half of all peer-reviewed Science and Engineering (S&E) papers worldwide. China and America are the major contributors, with a percentage share of 23 and 16, respectively and India occupies the third place with a 5% share. According to a government assessment, just 15.8% of all articles produced by Indian scholars are published in the top ten journals worldwide, and even china (27.6%) is way ahead of us in publishing quality research. Unfortunately, in the most populated country after china, with the largest network of Higher education Institutions in the world (5288 universities) our contribution to scientific research is abysmally low. Compared with the United States (3216) and Indonesia (2595) we have more research institutions at our disposal but the quality of scientific research is atrocious. World University Rankings 2023 conducted by Times Higher Education explicitly shows that Indian institutions are way behind American, European and Chinese Universities in teaching, research, knowledge transfer and international outlook.
Claim: India with 5288 tops the list of countries with most universities (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-21)
Evidence (2023-04-22): Recently, a set of data doing the rounds on social media attracted the attention of this writer. According to the data, globally, India has uniquely housed the highest number of universities in it – 5,288 to be precise – followed by the USA with 3,216, and our neighbour China stands at the fourth position with 2,565 universities. However, as per the QS world university ranking system for 2023, USA holds the prestigious position of being the country to host maximum universities among the top 100 universities. China stands at sixth, but none of the Indian universities could find a place among the top 100 universities. [...] Despite these challenges, there have been some recent developments that suggest that Indian universities are taking steps towards improving their quality. The government has launched several initiatives aimed at promoting research and innovation in higher education. For example, the government’s national institutional ranking framework ranks universities based on several parameters, such as teaching, research, and infrastructure, which has encouraged universities to improve their standards.
Claim: India with 5288 tops the list of countries with most universities (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-04-21)
Evidence (2024-07-04): India has the most universities worldwide. According to data from July 2023, there were an estimated 5,350 universities in India. Indonesia had the second most universities, counting 3,300, followed by the United States with 3,200 universities. Estimated number of universities worldwide as of July 2023, by country [...] Estimated number of universities worldwide as of July 2023, by country [Graph], CSIC (Cybermetrics Lab - "Webometrics Ranking of World Universities"), July 31, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/918403/number-of-universities-worldwide-by-country/
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2023-05-26): The viral quote is being shared against the backdrop of opposition parties boycotting the inauguration of the new Parliament building. However, the viral quote is misattributed to Chanakya. There are no authentic sources or references attributing the quote to Chanakya. Moreover, in Arthashastra, Chanakya proposed alliances and the concept of joining forces with the enemies of one’s opponents. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2015-08-15): In 1922 King Victor Emmanuel III appointed Mussolini, the leader of the fascists, as prime minister who had few hesitations to stay in power using undemocratic means. Although a united opposition expected the king to dismiss Mussolini the king failed to act. Mussolini was then entrenched in power establishing a dictatorial and brutal government using censorship and terror as an instrument of control. During WWII Mussolini committed Italy to the Axis. After the allied invasion of Sicily in 1943 Mussolini was overthrown, but with German protection he established a fascist government in Northern Italy. Following the surrender of the German Army in 1945 Mussolini was caught and shot by the resistance. In a bid to save the dynasty Victor Emmanuel abdicated in May 1946 in favour of his son Umberto II (who had assumed some head of state responsibilities from 1944). However, the June 1946 referendum returned a 54 % vote in favour of republic
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2024-05-14): When all opposition gets together then you should understand that the king of the country is honest: Dharmani [...] Attacking Rakesh Singha, he said that an old man who had been opposing the Congress all his life, whose beard had turned grey, who had grown old while opposing the Congress, who used to raise slogans of revolution in the streets of colleges and universities, Those who used to curse Congress for corruption are now calling for saving democracy by joining hands with Congress and Aam Aadmi Party. What is their compulsion? Giving the example of Chanakya, he said that when all your opposition gets together, then you should understand that the king of the country is honest. Therefore, it is clear from the kind of alliance that the Congress leaders are talking about in Himachal Pradesh and across the country that they somehow want to save their political existence and are trying to mislead the people by making false statements through different mediums. Leaders of and Congress leaders are saying.
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2015-01-28): Chanakya: India's Truly Radical Machiavelli Max Weber once wrote that compared to Chanakya's the Arthashastra, "Machiavelli’s The Prince is harmless." [...] Although the Arthashastra is ostensibly authored by Kautilya ("crooked"), most scholars agree that Kautilya was a pen name of the ancient Indian minister Chanakya. Chanakya was the minister to Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Mauryan Empire, which emerged in an environment resembling a Westphalian Europe of many states that encompassed most of present day South Asia. In his role as minister, Chanakya was said to have played a leading role in assembling and administering this large empire. In the Arthashastra, he compiles his observations of statecraft based on this experience.
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2024-03-09): Chanakya is traditionally identified with Kautilya and Vishnugupta, the author of the Arthaśhāstra, an encyclopedic work on political economy and government.[2] Some scholars have called Chanakya "the pioneer economist of the world"[3] and the "the Indian Machiavelli."[4] [...] At the time of Alexander's invasion, Chanakya was a teacher at Taxila University. The king of Taxila and Gandhara, Ambhi (also known as Taxiles), made a treaty with Alexander and did not fight against him. Chanakya saw the foreign invasion as a threat to Indian culture and sought to inspire other kings to unite and fight Alexander. The Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadutta as well as the Jaina work Parisishtaparvan talk of Chandragupta's alliance with the Himalayan king Parvatka, sometimes identified with Porus, a king of Punjab.[7] Porus (Parvateshwar) was the only local king who was able to challenge Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River, but was defeated. [...] Chanakya, a television series directed by Chandra Prakash Dwivedi, was screened in India in 1990, to wide critical acclaim.
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2023-06-16): Chanakya’s Ideologies - 16 Jun 2023 - 17 min read [...] Chanakya's thinking ideology embodies a sense of realism and practicality. It encourages individuals to acknowledge and understand the truths of life and society in order to surpass them and reach new levels of success. His insightful approach challenges conventional thinking and encourages individuals to question the norms and assumptions of society. [...] - Chanakya (350-275 BCE, also known as Kautilya and Vishnugupta). He was born into a Brahman family and received his education at Taxila (now in Pakistan).
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2023-05-30): A social media post attributing a quote to ancient Indian scholar Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) is being widely shared across social media platforms. The Hindi quote attributed to Chanakya loosely translates to "when the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest". Through this article, let’s fact-check the authenticity of the quote attributed to Chanakya. [...] In Arthashastra, Chanakya addresses strategies to handle a united opposition, however, he refrains from endorsing the King’s honesty in the face of the united opposition. [...] To sum up, this quote endorsing the King’s honesty in the face of united opposition is misattributed to Chanakya.
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2015-03-10): 2. Couldn't resist sending you this link of this small clip from Chandraprakash Dwivedi's CHANAKYA: [...] March 12, 2015 at 4:04 PM hi ri, chanakya is indeed the FATHER OF OUR NATION.
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Start by following Chanakya. [...] ― Chanakya Niti: Philosophy of Chanakya ― Chanakya Niti: Philosophy of Chanakya "mentioned only in the two lists and his duties are not spelt out anywhere. It is possible that this designation is a retention from earlier texts and, in the Arthashastra, is used only to represent a higher grade for salary and" [...] ― Chanakya Neeti ― Chanakya Neeti "बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति के लिए आवश्यक है कि वह अपने शत्रु पक्ष को सदा किसी-न-किसी कष्ट में उलझाए रखे। इससे वे कभी भी उसके लिए मुसीबत या संकट उत्पन्न नहीं कर पाएँगे।"
Claim: “When the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest”- Chanakya (SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 2023-05-26)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Background: Chanakya has uttered the above sentences. After Chanakya and Chandragupta established the 'Maurya' dynasty kingdom (defeating the Nand dynasty king), there were some difference of opinions between Chanakya and other ministers of the Kingdom. [...] See the confidence of Chanakya in himself! Apart from being self-confident, this subhaashita also teaches us that whatever we loose in life it is nothing... But let us not loose good mind/intellect and other noble qualities in ourselves.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2019-04-15): Total terror related incidents under UPA & NDA govt. are 9739 & 1219. So, the claim is FALSE.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2024-02-12): Real investment and export growth was significantly higher during the UPA decade than the NDA’s, which explains the cause of higher real GDP growth during the former regime, despite being interrupted by a global recession. Private investment (GFCF) as a share of nominal GDP during the UPA decade remained significantly higher than the later period. In contrast, growth during NDA-I was private consumption led. During NDA-II’s tenure, even real private consumption growth fell significantly, making economic growth largely dependent on the fiscal stimulus. This is clearly borne out by the rising fiscal deficit and debt-GDP ratio under NDA-II. UPA’s growth record, although higher than NDA’s in magnitude, had three major problem areas, which the Finance Ministry’s "White Paper" has highlighted. What is missing though is an honest appraisal of how far the NDA regime has been able to address and resolve them.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2014-01-18): Apart from the Khobragade saga and its revelations about the state of the Indo-U.S. relationship, 2013 could leave a sour taste in the UPA government’s mouth as it prepares for an increasingly uncertain electoral outcome. The Depsang incident in April and the Border Defense Cooperation Agreement signed between India and China in October both revealed India’s position vis-a-vis China at the negotiating table. Despite India’s acquisition of mountain divisions and increased defensive capabilities, the UPA’s tenure resulted in no major breakthroughs with China on the Line of Actual Control. India’s regional leadership was tested when Sri Lanka hosted CHOGM 2013–the Prime Minister’s decision to politely decline attendance was a missed opportunity, as I argued then.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2018-08-27): Home / Opinion / Columns / NDA vs UPA: A scorecard NDA vs UPA: A scorecard
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2021-04-14): The Narendra Modi government has promulgated more ordinances in its seven years than the previous United Progressive Alliance government did in two full terms, signalling the current regime’s preference for the quicker executive route to enact laws.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2018-01-02): As Pakistan continues to violate ceasefire along the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir, the ruling-Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Opposition-led by the Congress party spar over each other's handling of the situation. [...] There were 1,094 terror-related incidents under the NDA regime (2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017), while under the UPA Government, the figure was 1,218 from 2010 to 2013. [...] Official figures further reveal that more terrorists were killed by the security forces during the BJP's tenure than under the UPA.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2018-01-02): NEW DELHI: As Pakistan continues to violate ceasefire along the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir, the ruling-Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Opposition-led by the Congress party spar over each other's handling of the situation. [...] There were 1,094 terror-related incidents under the NDA regime (2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017), while under the UPA Government, the figure was 1,218 from 2010 to 2013. [...] Official figures further reveal that more terrorists were killed by the security forces during the BJP's tenure than under the UPA.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2014-01-03): Data for each indicator was sourced from national and international databases, including the World Bank, the IMF, and national statistical agencies, such as the CMIE. The comparison spans two regimes: UPA's (starting in 2004) and NDA's (starting in 2014). Data was captured using either Financial Year (from April 1 to March 31) or Calendar Year (from January 1 to December 31), depending on the availability of data. The regimes were compared based on these indicators' absolute values and rate of change. While insightful, it's imperative to note that these indicators are influenced by various factors, including global trends and policy changes, and should be interpreted within a broader context.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2019-03-14): The posts claim that in the period between 2009-2014 under the UPA-II regime, fewer number of ceasefire violations by Pakistan have taken place. There were fewer terror attacks, lesser casualties of security forces and civilians when compared to the 2014 - 2019, the period under the Modi-led NDA government. The post further cites the South Asian Terrorism Portal (the Facebook posts) and Central Information Commission (tweets) as its respective data sources. [...] While the numbers in the posts shared above are not correct, the data does show that there have been more CFA violations under the NDA than under the UPA. [...] During 2009 - 2013, 628 CFA violations have taken place during the UPA-II. From 2014 - 2019, 3041 CFA violations have taken place during the NDA. None of the numbers as stated in the viral social media posts are from the SATP.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2024-04-18): The ED, powered by the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) of 2002, has worked more proactively under the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) than it did under the United Progressive Alliance (UPA). [...] ED registered 1,797 money laundering cases under the PMLA during the UPA government rule while 5,155 such cases were initiated during NDA’s rule. In terms of chargesheets, which are filed when the agency concludes its investigation in a case and prima facie establishes charges against an individual or a group, the ED filed 1,281 such complaints under the NDA as compared to a mere 102 under UPA.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2019-04-25): While concluding her talk, she underlined that social movement, Civil Society and NGOs have been targeted during the NDA government. During the UPA regime government had accommodated and given participation to civil society and NGOs in the policy formulations for addressing the inequality. For that NAC (National Advisory Council, extra-constitutional body) had been created by UPA regime for advising the government to formulate welfare policies. However, the present government rather than giving participations to the civil society and NGOs is targeting even cracked down on these groups in the name of violating the rules of FCRA. Rather than taking policies advices with the NGOs, and civil society the government is closely working with the RSS and getting help in policy formulations, observes Hasan. While talking about the ranking in the sectors of Health, happiness and human development, and democracy, inequality, she said that India is lagging behind in terms of Human Capital Index and on this accounts India’s ranking is lower than even Nepal and Bangladesh. The employment rate now is very high since the last 45 years of Indian democracy, said Hasan
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2021-01-19): The former claim is false. According to a Rajya Sabha response there were four cases of firing across the Line of Control (LoC) between the months of November 2004 and February 2005. The following years saw a continuous rise in the number of ceasefire violations; there were more than 700 ceasefire violations during the UPA regime until May 2014. Since then, violations have shot up fourteen times in the current NDA rule, with over 10,900 ceasefire violations-- according to a FactChecker analysis. [...] "Ceasefire violations have become even more regular and deadly since August 2019 when the government of India decided to carry out major constitutional changes vis-à-vis Jammu and Kashmir, a decision Pakistan has been deeply unhappy about," he said. Pakistan has since upped the ante by resorting to increased firing on the LoC, aiding the infiltration of terror elements into Kashmir, among other things, he added. Since the second term of the NDA government's rule, India reported 2,335 incidents of ceasefire violations in the first eight months alone. By September 7, 2020, there were 3,186 incidents of ceasefire violations. As of October, 2020 there have been more than 3,800 violations.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2024-02-29): NDA vs UPA: Data-driven study decodes growth in two eras; check insightful analysis [...] BJP-led NDA wins the comparison hands down, as it is found to have nurtured fast-paced growth and spurring economic activity in remote and far-off locations, ‘neglected’ under the UPA 1 and UPA 2. [...] At the sub-districts level also, 31 per cent greater growth was recorded under NDA, compared to UPA – II while 21 per cent higher growth under NDA was recorded, as compared to UPA- I.
Claim: More line of control violations under NDA than UPA (FACEBOOK POST, 2019-04-15)
Evidence (2020-08-26): Claim 4: Total Line of control violations under UPA & NDA govt. are 563 & 5596 Fact: Total Line of control violations under UPA & NDA govt. are 517 & 2847. So the claim is FALSE A total of 517 Line of Control violations occurred under the UPA government between 2004-2013, whereas a total of 2847 Line of control violations occurred under the NDA government in 4 years, according to the South Asian Terrorism Portal SATP . So, even here, the numbers mentioned in the post are wrong.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2018-05-26): The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes claims about affordable healthcare, specifically about essential medicines. This article is a fact check of the claims.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2023-09-14): Under the Drugs (Prices Control) Order of 2013, the work of revising the applicable ceiling price of notified drugs was initiated by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority, the government regulatory agency that controls the prices of pharmaceutical drugs in India. The Health Ministry, in April, had said that it has been able to cap the ceiling prices of 651 out of 870 essential medicines listed under the National List of Essential Medicines, due to which the approved ceiling price of medicines had decreased by an average of 16.62%. [...] The NGO had said the government’s pricing policy further excluded essential medicines belonging to the same chemical class, besides drugs provided in the national health programmes such as for HIV, diabetes, hypertension and anaemia, medicines with appropriate dosages for children and patented medicines.
Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime (Govt. of India, 2018-05-26)
Evidence (2021-12-04): DPCO 2013 empowers the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) to regulate prices of 348 essential drugs along with their specified strengths and dosages under NLEM 2011. Features of the DPCO 2013 IMP 1) The new order will bring 348 drugs & their 652 formulations under price control. [...] Medicines) will be under price control 4) 4)