copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2023-11-01): Purpose: Dental professionals continually educate patients on the dangers of consuming acidic foods and beverages due to their potential to contribute to dental erosion and tooth decay. Excess acid in the diet can also lead to acidosis, which causes negative systemic side effects. However, water is not typically categorized as acidic. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to investigate the pH levels of several popular brands of bottled water and compare them to various other acidic beverages. Two different brands of marketed alkaline water (with a pH of 8.8 or higher) were also studied, tested for acidity and described. [...] Results: The pH values for the tested beverages and bottled waters were found to be predominantly acidic. Ten out of the 14 beverages tested were acidic (pH<7), 2 municipal (or "tap") waters were neutral (pH=7) and 2 bottled waters were alkaline (pH>7). The majority of waters tested had a more acidic pH when tested in the lab than the value listed in their water quality reports. [...] The pH of bottled water commercially available in Australia and its implications for oral health.J Water Health. 2022 May;20(5):871-876. doi: 10.2166/wh.2022.070. J Water Health. 2022. PMID: 35635779 -
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2023-12-01): Drinking a low-pH beverage every now and then is unlikely to cause a dental issue. But experts say the risk increases if you consume multiple servings of these beverages every day. [...] Sipping from a bottle of sparkling water repeatedly throughout the day lowers the pH in the mouth and also may increase the risk of erosion, said Brittany Seymour, a spokeswoman for the American Dental Association and an associate professor at Harvard School of Dental Medicine. [...] Sparkling water is a better choice for your teeth than most popular beverages. Although sparkling water is more acidic than regular water, consuming it in normal amounts of a few bottles a day is unlikely to erode your tooth enamel.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2017-08-17): It is widely known that soda, beer and coffee are bad for your teeth. Bottled water, however, seems harmless. But dentists warn that is not always the case. Some of the most popular brands of bottled waters have dangerous pH levels and lack essential fluoride, which can cause cavities. However, it is impossible to know from the label which ones are the safest – so we tested the pH levels of nine top brands to see which ones were the best and worst. The pH level can range from zero to 14. On that scale, seven is neutral, anything under that is acidic and anything higher is alkaline. Our investigation found that samples of four of nine popular bottled water brands were very acidic. The brands – Smartwater, Dasani, Aquafina and Voss – had a pH level of 4. [...] We tested nine bottled water brands to see their pH levels. Brands with pH levels closer to zero are more acidic and can erode your tooth enamel. Brands with pH levels between seven and 14 are alkaline.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2024-08-12): First, here’s what you should know about alkaline water. You’ve probably seen this word "alkaline" while walking through the grocery aisles and wondered — how is this different from just plain ol’ bottled water? [...] Marketers claim this "less acidic" water offers numerous health benefits, including improving digestion, slowing down the aging process, boosting your body’s mineral content and preventing bone loss. But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has banned the use of any claims of health benefits relating to alkaline water and bone health due to insufficient evidence. [...] In fact, alkaline water may be doing more to upset your body’s system than help it. According to Czerwony, your body in general prefers a pH that’s closer to neutral (not more alkaline) — and it has its own ways of achieving it. Creating pH extremes in either direction in your system — whether too acidic or too alkaline — can cause health problems. Unless you have certain conditions such as kidney or respiratory disease, your body maintains a healthy pH balance on its own. Alkaline water won’t do you any harm, but it also isn’t a miracle in a bottle, either.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2024-02-27): These brands of bottled water all have an acidic pH, meaning that they each pose a significant risk in terms of contributing to cavities. Of course, this is assuming that an individual is consuming the recommended equivalent of eight 8–ounce glasses of water each day. [...] Final Thoughts on Bottled Water pH Levels Even though drinking plenty of water is good for your overall health, you should avoid bottled water that contains a high or low pH. Fortunately, this is not too hard to do as most manufacturers will print their bottled water pH levels right on the packaging. However, if you have already developed a cavity, you’re encouraged to schedule an appointment with Mountain View Dental, one of Utah’s leading general and cosmetic dentistry practices.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2024-02-23): Answer: The simple answer is no. There is not any evidence to support choosing bottled or home-treated alkaline water over safe tap water or regular bottled water. [...] The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that town water pH should range between 6.5 and 8.5, with most town water averaging around 7.5. Common bottled waters are usually close to neutral at a pH of 7.0. Bottled alkaline water has a higher pH between 8 and 9. [...] There are possible disadvantages from drinking alkaline water with pH levels above 9. The water will likely have a bitter taste. And for people who regularly take stomach acid production blockers called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to maintain a higher stomach pH, drinking strong alkaline water could be dangerous. Adding alkaline water could raise that pH even more and might result in an increased blood pH, which can alter the normal blood levels of chemicals like potassium, especially if they have kidney disease.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2024-06-23): Alkaline water is specially treated water that you can buy in bottles. You can also make your own alkaline water at home. Some sources say that drinking alkaline water has health benefits, though the scientific evidence for those claims isn’t strong. [...] There’s no reason to think that drinking a bottle of alkaline water with a meal will make it easier to digest. Your stomach is full of acidic gastric juices that will neutralize the water’s alkalinity. Drinking any type of water after a meal will improve digestion by making it easier for your body to absorb nutrients. [...] If you don’t want to pay the high price for bottled alkaline water, you can make it at home. Here are several options:
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2020-01-16): So, long story short, are carbonated waters good for your teeth? No. But they’re not as bad as most of the other things we drink. The pH of most bubbly waters might be below the critical pH for most mouths, but as a chemistry student I’d say the claims that these waters are ‘extremely acidic’ are completely false. The pH of Gatorade is about 3, of orange juice is about 3-4 and of Coke is 2.4 (Read about the pH’s of other common drinks here). If the pH to stay above is ~6, then drinking your daily Perrier warm, or even better warm and flat would be best. But if like me, you think that defeats the purpose, then do what I do and rinse your mouth after with tap water.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2019-05-13): Acidity in bottled drinking water not a cause for health concern, contrary to popular Facebook video claim [...] Imprecise: The reason why acidity in bottled drinking water would be bad for health is not explained in the video. [...] In truth, many liquids that we take in, such as fruit juices (e.g. orange, lemon, tomato), have an acidic pH – some are even much more acidic than those reported in the video – and yet fruit juices are generally considered to be healthy. Because pH levels are measured on a logarithmic scale, a difference of 1 unit corresponds to a factor of 10 (or one order of magnitude) in hydrogen ion concentration, so orange juice with its pH of 3 is ten thousand times more acidic than water with a neutral pH, and a hundred times more than water with a pH of 5. In other words, you would need to drink 15L (~4 gallons) of the more acidic bottled water shown in this video (pH=5) at a given time to achieve the same acidity as a glass of 0.15L of orange juice (pH=3).
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2024-07-23): Have a question that's not answered on this page? Contact the Safe Drinking Water Hotline. [...] - the chemistry of the water (acidity and alkalinity) and the types and amounts of minerals in the water, - the amount of lead it comes into contact with, - the temperature of the water, - the amount of wear in the pipes, - how long the water stays in pipes, and - the presence of protective scales or coatings inside the plumbing materials. [...] You can also view and print a fact sheet on testing your home's drinking water.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2021-01-27): - Sports drinks: Sports drink companies use fit, muscular athletes to advertise their products, but what they don’t advertise is the amount of sugar they contain. A 32-ounce bottle often has 56 to 76 grams of sugar, which equals 14 to 19 teaspoons, and the pH level of a typical sports drink is around 2.9. - Bottled water: The brand of bottled water you buy makes a surprisingly big difference when it comes to acidity. Common brands like Dasani and Aquafina are actually acidic enough to be harmful to your teeth. Look for bottled water with a pH level between 7 and 9. Some of the best brands include Essentia, Evian, and Fiji. [...] - Water: Water is truly the only beverage your body needs to survive, so the more water you drink, the better. Filtered tap water and bottled water with a healthy pH level will pose no problems for your teeth. Plus, staying hydrated allows you to produce healthy amounts of saliva. Tap water containing fluoride, which is fairly common today, has the added benefit of strengthening the enamel of your teeth.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
Evidence (2020-09-16): Acidic water refers to water with a pH of less than 7 (1). [...] While acidic groundwater hasn’t been studied specifically, beverages with a pH of 4.5 or less have been shown to increase the risk of tooth decay. As such, regularly drinking acidic water may slowly erode your tooth enamel, causing cavities ( [...] However, drinking acidic water is not recommended, as it may lead to heavy metal poisoning and toxicity with repeated exposure. Additionally, its high acidity may corrode your teeth and the pipes in your home.
Claim: Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health (Internet user, 2017-04-19)
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Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-09-02): Researchers identified a new variant of HIV, named VB variant, which is characterized by a large number of mutations. Infections with this variant were associated with a higher viral load and a faster decline of the level of white blood cells. This means that patients infected by this variant could develop AIDS faster. Encouragingly, current HIV treatments appear to remain effective against this variant.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-04): In addition, the rate of CD4 cell decline - the hallmark of immune system damage by HIV - occurred twice as fast in individuals with the VB variant, placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly. [...] The VB variant was first identified in 17 HIV positive individuals from the BEEHIVE project, an ongoing study which collects samples from across Europe and Uganda. [...] Researchers say this indicates that the increased transmissibility of the VB variant is due to a property of the virus itself, rather than a characteristic of people with the virus.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2023-06-02): The team’s analyses of the data indicated that individuals with the VB variant had a viral load of between 3.5 times and 5.5 times higher than individuals with a non-VB variant. "When replicating the BEEHIVE test with the ATHENA data, we again observed a large rise in viral load in individuals with this viral variant …" In addition, the rate of CD4 cell decline, which represents a hallmark of immune system damage by HIV, occurred twice as fast in individuals with the VB variant, placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly. Individuals with the VB variant also showed an increased risk of transmitting the virus to others. [...] The VB variant is characterized by many mutations spread throughout the genome, meaning that a single genetic cause cannot be identified at this stage. By analysing the patterns of genetic variation among the samples, the researchers estimate that the VB variant first arose during the late 1980s and 1990s in the Netherlands. "Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence." It spread more quickly than other HIV variants during the 2000s, but its spread has been declining since around 2010.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2024-10-08): - In addition, the rate of CD4 cell decline (the hallmark of immune system damage by HIV) occurred twice as fast in individuals with the VB variant, placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly. [...] By analysing the patterns of genetic variation among the samples, the researchers estimate that the VB variant first arose during the late 1980s and 1990s in the Netherlands. It spread more quickly than other HIV variants during the 2000s, but its spread has been declining since around 2010. The research team believe that the VB variant arose in spite of widespread treatment in the Netherlands, not because of it, since effective treatment can suppress transmission. The individuals with the VB variant showed typical characteristics for people living with HIV in the Netherlands, including age, sex, and suspected mode of transmission. This indicates that the increased transmissibility of the VB variant is due to a property of the virus itself, rather than a characteristic of people with the virus.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-04): A team of UK researchers has discovered that the VB variant of HIV may be more virulent and damaging than other strains of the disease. [...] By examining the genetic mutation patterns in the samples, the team estimated that the VB variant first appeared in the late 1980s and 1990s in the Netherlands, spreading more rapidly than other HIV variants during the 2000s before declining since around 2010. Despite there being widespread treatment in the country for HIV, the strain still spread across the nation quickly. [...] Analysis from the University of Oxford team identified that people infected with the VB variant had notable differences before antiretroviral treatment than people infected with other strains. VB variant patients had a viral load between 3.5 and 5.5 times higher, CD4 cell decline (damage to the immune system caused by HIV) was also twice as fast, increasing the risk of developing AIDS earlier. Finally, individuals with the VB variant showed an increased risk of transmitting the virus to others.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-16): Researchers also found that the VB variant impacted the rate of CD4 cell decline in infected individuals—this cell decline is the "hallmark" of damage to the immune system caused by HIV, the press release says. CD4 cells, also known as T-cells, are infection-fighting white blood cells, according to the US National Library of Medicine. HIV attacks and destroys these CD4 cells—and when too many of the cells are lost, the body has trouble fighting off infections. Very low CD4 counts are indicative of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The study showed that the VB variant caused infected people's CD4 counts to drop twice as fast as other HIV strains, meaning they were at risk of developing AIDS more quickly. Without treatment, researchers estimated a person with the VB variant would develop AIDS two to three years after diagnosis, compared to six to seven years for people with a different HIV strain. Despite the VB variant's increased severity and transmissibility, researchers found that the variant responded to current HIV treatments (like antiretroviral drugs) as well as other strains do. Survival rates after starting treatment were also similar among those with the VB variant and other variants. How (And Why) Do Variants Emerge?
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-04): A more transmissible mutant strain of HIV that makes people ill twice as fast has been detected in the Netherlands. [...] As the VB variant is stronger, those who catch it are at risk of developing AIDS more quickly. [...] Before treatment, people with the VB variant had far more virus in their blood and suffered more immune system damage than people with other HIV variants, the study found.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-03): - In addition, the rate of CD4 cell decline (the hallmark of immune system damage by HIV) occurred twice as fast in individuals with the VB variant, placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly. [...] The VB variant was first identified in 17 HIV positive individuals from the BEEHIVE project, an ongoing study which collects samples from across Europe and Uganda. Since 15 of these people came from the Netherlands, the researchers then analysed data from a cohort of over 6,700 HIV positive individuals in the Netherlands. This identified an additional 92 individuals with the variant, from all regions of the Netherlands, bringing the total to 109. By analysing the patterns of genetic variation among the samples, the researchers estimate that the VB variant first arose during the late 1980s and 1990s in the Netherlands. It spread more quickly than other HIV variants during the 2000s, but its spread has been declining since around 2010. The research team believe that the VB variant arose in spite of widespread treatment in the Netherlands, not because of it, since effective treatment can suppress transmission.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-03): Highly virulent HIV variant found circulating in Europe [...] A highly transmissible and damaging variant of HIV has been circulating in the Netherlands for decades, researchers have found.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-04): • In addition, the rate of CD4 cell decline (the hallmark of immune system damage by HIV) occurred twice as fast in individuals with the VB variant, placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly. [...] By analysing the patterns of genetic variation among the samples, the researchers estimate that the VB variant first arose during the late 1980s and 1990s in the Netherlands. It spread more quickly than other HIV variants during the 2000s, but its spread has been declining since around 2010. The research team believe that the VB variant arose in spite of widespread treatment in the Netherlands, not because of it, since effective treatment can suppress transmission. The individuals with the VB variant showed typical characteristics for people living with HIV in the Netherlands, including age, sex, and suspected mode of transmission. This indicates that the increased transmissibility of the VB variant is due to a property of the virus itself, rather than a characteristic of people with the virus.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-03): - In addition, the rate of CD4 cell decline (the hallmark of immune system damage by HIV) occurred twice as fast in individuals with the VB variant, placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly. [...] By analyzing the patterns of genetic variation among the samples, the researchers estimate that the VB variant first arose during the late 1980s and 1990s in the Netherlands. It spread more quickly than other HIV variants during the 2000s, but its spread has been declining since around 2010. The research team believe that the VB variant arose in spite of widespread treatment in the Netherlands, not because of it, since effective treatment can suppress transmission. The individuals with the VB variant showed typical characteristics for people living with HIV in the Netherlands, including age, sex, and suspected mode of transmission. This indicates that the increased transmissibility of the VB variant is due to a property of the virus itself, rather than a characteristic of people with the virus.
Claim: Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly (Emily Craig, 2022-09-02)
Evidence (2022-02-04): Their analysis, published Thursday in the journal "Science," showed that patients infected with what they call the "VB variant" had 3.5 to 5.5 times higher levels of the virus in their blood than those infected with other variants, as well as a more rapidly fading immune system. [...] In patients infected with the VB variant, CD4 decline occurred twice as fast compared to other variants, "placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly," the researchers said. [...] 'Critical' to diagnose and treat early "Because the VB variant causes a more rapid decline in immune system strength, this makes it critical that individuals are diagnosed early and start treatment as soon as possible," the press statement noted.