copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun (Anonymous, 2018-06-11)
Evidence (2024-10-09): However, despite the importance of the sun for vitamin D synthesis, limiting skin exposure to sunlight and UV radiation from tanning beds is prudent [28]. UV radiation is a carcinogen, and UV exposure is the most preventable cause of skin cancer. Federal agencies and national organizations advise taking photoprotective measures to reduce the risk of skin cancer, including using sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher, whenever people are exposed to the sun [28,30]. Sunscreens with an SPF of 8 or more appear to block vitamin D-producing UV rays. In practice, however, people usually do not apply sufficient amounts of sunscreen, cover all sun-exposed skin, or reapply sunscreen regularly. Their skin probably synthesizes some vitamin D, even with typically applied sunscreen amounts [1,28].
Claim: Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun (Anonymous, 2018-06-11)
Evidence (2024-06-26): Most skin cancers are a result of exposure to the UV rays in natural sunlight. [...] Because UV rays don’t penetrate deeply into the body, they have not been found to cause cancer in internal organs. However, some studies have shown possible links between UV rays and some other cancers, including Merkel cell carcinoma (a less common type of skin cancer) and melanoma of the eye. [...] Skin Cancer Foundation. Sun protection. Accessed at https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-prevention/sun-protection/ on June 26, 2024.
Claim: Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun (Anonymous, 2018-06-11)
Evidence (2022-01-08): This appears to be a trend, following news that surfaced last summer that several sunscreens contained several different chemicals linked to cancer, leaving people wondering what is safe to use—and what they should toss from their beach bag. [...] Last May, Valisure, an independent quality assurance company in New Haven, Conn., detected high levels of benzene, a known human carcinogen, in 78 sunscreen and after-sun care products. The FDA regulates sunscreen as a drug product and after-sun products as a cosmetic. [...] Another group recently came out with data about a different carcinogen in certain sunscreens, calling for the FDA to remove all sunscreens containing the active ingredient octocrylene from sale. About 2,400 sun-protection products contain the ingredient.
Claim: Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun (Anonymous, 2018-06-11)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Sunscreen products are intended to be applied to the body every day, over the course of a lifetime. The companies that make and sell sunscreen ingredients and products should test them thoroughly for potential short-term and long-term health effects. This includes toxicity testing for irritation and skin allergies, as well as testing for skin absorption and the potential to cause cancer, disrupt the hormone system and impact reproduction and development. [...] Four studies published in 2020, after the FDA released its draft proposal, support previous findings that oxybenzone can act as an endocrine disruptor and may increase the risk of breast cancer and endometriosis. In addition, the National Toxicology Program found equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity in rats after observing increases in thyroid tumors and enlargement of the uterus in female rats with high exposure to oxybenzone. [...] Because of the potential of exposure through inhalation, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified titanium dioxide as possibly causing cancer in humans. For this reason, powdered or spray formulations containing titanium dioxide are a concern. Zinc oxide is also a cause for inhalation concerns when used in spray and powder products
Claim: Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun (Anonymous, 2018-06-11)
Evidence (2024-07-08): The big picture: Sunscreen is an important part of a complete sun protection strategy to safeguard your skin against sun damage and skin cancer. But sunscreen alone isn’t enough to keep you safe in the sun. [...] Decrease your risk of skin cancers and skin precancers. Studies show that regular daily use of SPF 15 sunscreen, when used as directed, can reduce your risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by about 40 percent, and lower your melanoma risk by 50 percent. [...] Sunscreen reduces your overall UV exposure and lowers your risk of skin cancer and sun damage.
Claim: Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun (Anonymous, 2018-06-11)
Evidence (2022-02-24): Sunscreen is essential for staying protected in the Sun – but recent research suggests some of the ingredients could be improved. BBC Future analyses the evidence. [...] Exposure to UV radiation is the main cause of the most common forms of skin cancer. And one of the most effective ways to avoid it, of course, is sunscreen. [...] Meanwhile, some argue that the confidence sunscreen gives us could be one reason why skin cancer rates are rising, particularly among older generations. Sunscreen emboldens us to spend longer in the Sun than we would otherwise, says Leffell.
Claim: Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun (Anonymous, 2018-06-11)
Evidence (2017-08-15): Although further research is needed, the finding indicates that people who eat late at night may be more vulnerable to sunburn and longer-term effects such as skin aging and skin cancer, said Dr. Joseph S. Takahashi, Chairman of Neuroscience at UT Southwestern Medical Center’s Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute. [...] The UV study was supported by the Irving Weinstein Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the China Scholarship Council, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
Claim: Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun (Anonymous, 2018-06-11)
Evidence (2017-08-02): Actually, the opposite is true: Devices like tanning beds and sun lamps can emit higher amounts of ultraviolet radiation than the sun, including both UVA and UVB radiation. UV radiation of any type increases your cancer risk, and the more you get, the higher your risk.Â [...] Many Americans are deficient in vitamin D, and certain groups â like older adults, obese people and people with dark skin â are at higher risk of a deficiency. And itâs true that UV exposure without the protection of sunscreen causes your skin to produce vitamin D. Vitamin D is important for promoting strong, healthy bones and has even been linked to lower risks of certain types of cancer. [...] Thereâs nothing wrong with enjoying the sunshine, Lee said. But slap on that sunscreen first. Getting a sunburn, even infrequently, boosts your risk of melanoma.
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2024-06-13): The COVID-19 pandemic exposed shortcomings in pandemic preparedness and response in countries around the world. The pandemic accord and recent amendments to the existing International Health Regulations (IHR) are aimed at improving future responses to pandemics. The work and negotiations on both the accord and the IHR amendments have been led and are decided by WHO Member States, which comprise all members of the United Nations (except Liechtenstein), the Cook Islands, and Niue.
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2024-09-20): Ambassador Anne-Claire Amprou, INB Bureau Co-chair of France, said the latest round of negotiations demonstrated the commitment by governments towards a pandemic accord to make the world safer and healthier. It also showed the critical role being played by civil society and other non-governmental stakeholders to ensure that equity, innovation and collaboration are at the heart of the agreement. "During extensive discussions, visible commitment was shown by Member States of WHO towards a pandemic agreement," Ambassador Amprou said. "There was clear recognition from all countries that we must agree on a way forward to work better, together, to protect their citizens from future pandemics." [...] Ms Matsoso added: "At the heart of the negotiations is recognition that collaboration among countries will ensure the world will not be left vulnerable in the face of future pandemics, while each and every country will maintain their sovereignty and control over national health decision-making."
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2024-01-24): Pandemic treaty wouldn’t give the WHO power to forcibly vaccinate people [...] A news release after December’s meeting detailed how the WHO’s Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus discussed the challenge of dealing with misinformation about the accord, "including on the false claim that any agreement would result in countries ceding sovereignty to WHO." The release said the draft pandemic agreement text, "reaffirms the principle of sovereignty" in nations addressing public health matters. [...] The Associated Press, WHO ‘pandemic treaty’ draft doesn’t sign over US sovereignty, Feb.24, 2023
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2023-02-07): What the WHO’s new treaty could mean for the next pandemic A draft of the agreement highlights vaccine and drug equity but lacks teeth to enforce it, say researchers. [...] The World Health Organization (WHO) last week published a draft of the first legally binding treaty intended to ensure that vaccines, drugs and diagnostics are shared more equitably around the world during the next pandemic, avoiding the deep divides seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2021-12-01): In a consensus decision aimed at protecting the world from future infectious diseases crises, the World Health Assembly today agreed to kickstart a global process to draft and negotiate a convention, agreement or other international instrument under the Constitution of the World Health Organization to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness and response. [...] "But at the same time, we have seen inspiring demonstrations of scientific and political collaboration, from the rapid development of vaccines, to today’s commitment by countries to negotiate a global accord that will help to keep future generations safer from the impacts of pandemics."
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2023-05-23): The WHO has begun negotiations for a new pandemic treaty, here's how it would work [...] What is the 'pandemic treaty'? [...] For the new more wide-reaching pandemic accord, member states have agreed that it should be legally binding for those who sign up, overcoming early reservations from the United States.
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2023-06-17): In December 2021, at a special session of the World Health Assembly – WHO’s highest decision-making body, comprising of all of its 194 sovereign member countries – WHO’s Member States decided to establish an intergovernmental negotiating body (INB), representing all regions of the world, to draft and negotiate a WHO convention, agreement, or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response, with a view to adoption under Article 19 of the WHO Constitution, other provisions of the Constitution as may be deemed appropriate by the INB. [...] The World Health Assembly decision establishing the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) and its work on this new international accord stressed that WHO’s Member States, who will be working in their sovereign capacity, should guide their efforts by the principle of solidarity with all people and countries, and that the accord should frame practical actions to deal with both causes and consequences of pandemics and other health emergencies. [...] Article 24, paragraph 2, of the draft agreement goes onto say that "Nothing in the WHO Pandemic Agreement shall be interpreted as providing the WHO Secretariat, including the WHO Director-General, any authority to direct, order, alter or otherwise prescribe the national and/or domestic laws, as appropriate, or policies of any Party, or to mandate or otherwise impose any requirements that Parties take specific actions, such as ban or accept travellers, impose vaccination mandates or therapeutic or diagnostic measures or implement lockdowns."
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2021-03-30): - 23 world leaders and the head of the WHO want a treaty to prepare for future pandemics. [...] The leaders of 23 countries and the World Health Organization are calling for a global treaty to prepare the world for future pandemics. [...] "We believe that nations should work together towards a new international treaty for pandemic preparedness and response."
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2024-05-28): The World Health Assembly (WHA) today recognized the progress made over the past two years by Member States to develop a pandemic agreement and strengthen the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005). Governments meeting in Geneva for the Seventy-seventh World Health Assembly are in talks to advance these two efforts, which aim to boost the world’s ability to better able to prevent and respond to the threat of future pandemics. [...] During today’s session, the WHA first considered agenda item 13.4 on the draft pandemic agreement. Delegates acknowledged the extensive work undertaken by the Member State-led Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB), and the Bureau steering the work, since governments launched the process in December 2021 to develop the world’s first pandemic accord to prevent a repeat of the global health, economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Member States reiterated that the world needs a pandemic agreement built on the principles of equity, sovereignty, and prevention, preparedness and response, and to ensure future generations are safeguarded from the threat of inevitable future pandemics.
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2023-04-06): Sources "Global leaders unite in urgent call for international pandemic treaty." Press release. 30 Mar 2021. [...] Lei Ravelo, Jenny. "Pandemic treaty zero draft wins NGO approval, compliance will be key." Devex. 2 Feb 2023. [...] Friedman, Eric A., et al. "Pandemic Treaty: The Conceptual Zero Draft." O’Neill Insititue for National & Global Health. Georgetown Law. 5 Dec 2022.
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2024-03-28): WHO Member States agreed to resume negotiations aimed at finalizing a pandemic agreement during 29 April to 10 May. The decision came at today’s end of two weeks of intensive country-led discussions on critical subjects aimed at making all countries of the world better prepared for, and able to effectively and equitably respond to, future pandemics. [...] "Our Member States are fully aware of how important the pandemic agreement is for protecting future generations from the suffering we endured through the COVID-19 pandemic," said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. "I thank them for their clear commitment to finding common ground and finalizing this historic agreement in time for the World Health Assembly." [...] Dr Precious Matsoso, Co-Chair of the INB Bureau, said: "There is clear recognition from governments that the goal of a pandemic agreement is to prepare the world for preventing and responding to future pandemics, built on consensus, solidarity and equity. These goals must remain our North Star as we move toward the finalization of this historic, pressing commitment for the world. We know that if we fail, we will be failing humanity, including all those who suffered from COVID-19, and those at risk of future pandemics."
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2024-05-16): Furthermore, to solidify collaboration and coordination at the highest levels of government, all of WHO’s 194 Member States resolved in December 2021 to develop an international agreement, referred to as a pandemic accord (and sometimes called a pandemic treaty), which will define rules and norms for how countries can better prevent pandemics from happening and respond to future health emergencies in order to protect the safety and well-being of people everywhere. [...] Countries are negotiating the pandemic accord based on the principles of solidarity, equity, science and evidence, respect for human rights, and protection of national sovereignty over all health decision-making. [...] What it would not do is hand over control of domestic public health policies to WHO or any other international body. As with other international agreements, the pandemic accord would not affect countries’ sovereignty. How each country goes about implementing the agreement would depend on its own domestic laws and policies.
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2024-02-15): Some form of an independent monitoring mechanism is essential, and there are models from treaties in other areas, from atomic energy to chemical weapons, that can help inform how a new pandemic accord will keep its signatories in line. It seems unlikely that the pandemic treaty can include on-site inspection authority, but an authoritative monitor able to call out states for noncompliance is key to the treaty’s effective implementation. [...] How a public health monitoring authority could work. While emergency on-site investigative authority would be meaningful, these are currently a non-starter for the pandemic accord. WHO member states have shown little appetite for ceding sovereignty to improve enforcement. The "big powers," including the United States and other high-income countries, have made clear that they would be unwilling to participate in an agreement that opened them up to mandatory investigation. [...] Thaks for a very insightful and rightfully critical article on the Pandemic Accord – or Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response treaty, as it used to be called. But a great shame you skipped the more important failings – the absence of anything related to prevention, mitigation, airborne transmission etc. of crucial importance to Covid19, or any new pandemic pathogen. THIS is the more serious and substantial failing of the negotiations. Without which, we are condemed to ongoing unbridled transmission, deaths and disability from what is emerging as a very serious and debilitating pathogen. See collated evidence here: http://www.c19.life WHO, member… Read more »
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2024-06-13): False claims that pandemic treaty abolishes nations’ sovereignty and allows WHO to impose health policies circulate on social media [...] Conspiracy theories surrounding the World Health Organization (WHO) pandemic treaty have been rife in popular discourse. For instance, some websites, as well as politicians, have alleged that countries that sign the treaty would lose their sovereignty, enabling the WHO to dictate health policies such as forced vaccination. [...] Accord doesn’t allow the WHO to force vaccination or lockdowns on citizens, nor does it mention arrest of vaccine opponents
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2023-11-17): WHO ‘pandemic treaty’ draft doesn’t sign over US sovereignty CLAIM: A legally-binding World Health Organization "pandemic treaty" will give the organization the authority to control U.S. policies during a pandemic, including those on vaccines, lockdowns, school closures and more. [...] "It should be noted that the US is far from agreeing to sign the Pandemic Treaty, and it will take many months, or longer, even to negotiate a text," Gostin said, adding, "Even if the United States signs the treaty, it would not empower WHO to make any public health decisions in the US or in any other country."
Claim: Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents (Social media posts, Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 2024-06-13)
Evidence (2021-01-01): - Allies, including Japan and the Republic of Korea, committed to increase burden-sharing. [...] - Signed the largest arms deal ever, worth nearly $110 billion, with Saudi Arabia. [...] - Led a coalition of countries to sign the Geneva Consensus Declaration, declaring that there is no international right to abortion and committing to protecting women’s health.