copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Veliki Skolj (Veliki Školj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia And Herzegovina (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... [...] Veliki Skolj (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 7 day forecast Map and Photos Veliki Skolj
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-24): Mali Školj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Veliki Školj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[1][2] The temporary regime of the sea border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined in 1999. The Neum Agreement on the temporary border was signed by Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, and has not been ratified due to the emergence of the controversy surrounding the ownership of these two islands and the tip of the Klek peninsula. Croatia disputes the validity of the agreement and claims it as its own territory.[1] [...] - ^ Zoran Šagolj (9 July 2017). "Vlasnik spornih otoka u Malostonskom zaljevu: Mi jesmo Hrvati, ali Mali i Veliki školj pripadaju BiH. Dubrovačka republika to je područje prodala za svoju slobodu Turcima, a naši preci su ga kupili". slobodnadalmacija.hr (in Croatian). Slobodna Dalmacija. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-12-14): Category:Islands of Bosnia and Herzegovina Pages in category "Islands of Bosnia and Herzegovina"
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-06): Media in category "Veliki Školj"
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Vacation rentals in Veliki Školj [...] Top-rated vacation rentals in Veliki Školj [...] Other great vacation rentals in Veliki Školj
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-31): - cebwiki Veliki Školj (pulo sa Bosniya ug Ersogobina) - enwiki Veliki Školj - hrwiki Veliki Školj (Klek) [...] - srwiki Велики Шкољ - svwiki Veliki Školj (ö i Bosnien och Hercegovina)
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-24): Veliki Školj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Mali Školj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[1][2] The temporary regime of the sea border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined in 1999. The Neum Agreement on the temporary border was signed by Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, and has not been ratified due to the emergence of the controversy surrounding the ownership of these two islands and the tip of the Klek peninsula. Croatia disputes the validity of the agreement and claims it as its own territory.[1]
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): Bosnia and Herzegovina has a largely mountainous terrain. The Dinaric Alps dominate the western border with Croatia, and numerous ranges, including the Kozara, Vlašic, Plješevica, Grmeč, Cincar, and Raduša, run through the country, generally in a northwest-southeast direction. The highest peak, reaching 7,828 feet (2,386 metres), is Maglić, near the border with Montenegro. In the south and southwest is the Karst, a region of arid limestone plateaus that contain caves, potholes, and underground drainage. The uplands there are often bare and denuded (the result of deforestation and thin soils), but, between the ridges, depressions known as poljes are covered with alluvial soil that is suitable for agriculture. Elevations of more than 6,000 feet (1,800 metres) are common, and the plateaus descend abruptly toward the Adriatic Sea. The coastline, limited to a length of 12 miles (20 km) along the Adriatic Sea, is bounded on both sides by Croatia and contains no natural harbours. In central Bosnia the rocks and soils are less vulnerable to erosion, and the terrain there is characterized by rugged but green and often forested plateaus. In the north, narrow lowlands extend along the Sava River and its tributaries.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-22): Bosnia and Herzegovina, like many countries, is made of geographical, historical, and political regions. The current geopolitical regions were finalised with the signing of the Dayton Agreement.[1] [...] - Srednja Bosna / Central Bosnia - Tropolje - Herzegovina (Hercegovina) [...] - List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-04): An overview of the historical and geographical development of Bosnia and Herzegovina starts from the Old Stone Age—Paleolithic—continues through ancient times with the Illyrians and the rule of Rome, the arrival of the Slavs, the great Bosnian kingdom in the Middle Ages, more than 400 years of Ottoman rule, to the modern and independent state of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the twenty-first century. It is important to point out that the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, unlike neighboring countries, is poorly explored archaeologically, and quite significant discoveries are expected in the future. The oldest settlements belong to the Mousterian culture in northern Bosnia from the Middle Paleolithic period. In prehistoric and ancient times, the Illyrian peoples left their mark on historical and geographical development until the arrival of the Roman Empire. A significant period of prosperity began during the Bosnian kingdom from the second half of the fourteenth century. Over the last 500 years, Bosnia and Herzegovina has preserved its territorial borders significantly and is undoubtedly one of the most specific countries in the world. Some of the most important battles in the Second World War, crucial for the formation of socialist Yugoslavia, were fought on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, after leaving the socialist and communist system of the former state of Yugoslavia by declaring independence and joining the UN, suffered great material and human destruction and atrocities in the period 1992–1995 that had not been seen in Europe since the Second World War. In the third decade of the twenty-first century, Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to become full member of the European Union.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-04): According to the area it occupies, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the category of small countries. Accordingly, it is the 125th country globally and the 27th in Europe, right after Croatia and ahead of Slovakia and Estonia. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a highly favorable, compact shape of the territory and exits to the Adriatic Sea in the area of Neum in 29.6 km of the coast length. Its post-conflict nature, multicultural and multiethnic population, and the overcomplicated political and administrative structures among others all create a unique political geographical environment. The current geopolitical position of Bosnia and Herzegovina, however, cannot be assessed as favorable. For the last 30 years, the influences of the neighboring countries, namely, the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the interest influences of the great world powers of the USA and the Russian Federation, have intertwined throughout the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the most specific globally, with a Constitution and an electoral system that discriminates against its citizens and a vaguely defined structure.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-23): To this day, both countries claim ownership over Mali Školj and Veliki Školj, and the tip of the Klek peninsula, which is found nearby. [...] Once on Veliki Školj, they unfurled a Bosnian flag and raised it on a stick. [...] The Bosnian flag stunt on Veliki Školj didn’t go by unnoticed in Croatia, Panjeta explains. It also coincided with protests that were being organised across Croatia, spurred by Zoran Milanović — who was prime minister at the time and is currently the president of the country — after he said that Bosnia could have the islands because "we won’t be getting into an argument with our neighbours over two pebbles in the sea".
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-27): Disputed territories - Other languages There are multiple cases where there is dispute over exact boundary. Sometimes it escalates into outright wars (in which case border mapping is typically suspended, OSM is not making daily updates to borders as armies move ) but there are many cases where conflict is frozen and stable. Sometimes territory is occupied/controlled/administered for longer or shorter term by one country while another claims that area as its territory. [...] Given how incomplete the list is and how quickly thing can change (humanity!), it might really make more sense to just read Wikipedia:List of territorial disputes. The geolocation on articles can be clicked back to OSM.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-11): The entire disputed area is around Neum, Pelješac Peninsula and, obviously, the Pelješac Bridge, whose exact location was one of the reasons so many unimportant problems kept being brought up. The first is the small Klek peninsula, rather, its very tip, which Croatia has claimed as theirs for a while, together with two small islands next to it, Veliki Školj and Mali Školj. Both islands are uninhabited and too small to serve any useful purpose, but Croatia insisted that it should have control over them. While Croatia has hundreds of similar islands in its part of the Adriatic Sea, Bosnia and Herzegovina has a very short coast around Neum, and these two islands would virtually be the only ones it would have, so they have great symbolic importance for it as a supposedly "maritime" country. Another disputed area is a part of the border near Hrvatska and Bosanska Kostajnica, where at issue is a small castle currently controlled by Croatia, with both countries claiming it as theirs.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-03-03): According to veteran Bosnian politician and MP Halid Genjac, "the claims that Croatia is building a bridge on its territory are incorrect because the sea waters beneath the Pelješac Bridge are not and cannot be Croatian or internal waters, but international waters stretching from the territorial waters of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the open sea." [...] Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia agreed on a border demarcation treaty in 1998. The treaty was signed by the two former presidents, Alija Izetbegović and Franjo Tuđman, but it was never ratified by the respective parliaments so, therefore, it had never entered into force. The agreement foresees a definition of the two countries' territory, in the area of Pelješac which is slightly different from what is shown on maps, since Croatia agreed to recognise the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina over two small rock islands (Mali Školj and Veliki Školj) and the tip of the peninsula of Klek near Neum.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1995-04-05): In order to possess a licence a concession has to be obtained.The use of maritime resources requires a marine resource concession which is issued by the County for a period of up to 12 years, by the Government for period of up to 30 years, and by the Parliament for a period of over 30 years (Maritime Code).
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Facing Slovenska beach lies the isle Sveti Nikola (St Nicolas) with its own beach. This is the largest island in this area of the Adriatic. The length of 2 km and its position is close to the Gulf of Budva. The island is covered with typical Mediterranean vegetation, most of the conifer trees. It represents a haven for birds and is also rich in small games and deer. The island is called Školj by locals, which comes from Italian scoglio or from Venetian scogio meaning islet or reef. The island has three sandy beaches 840m long in total, with a surface of 2,700 m². The beaches are pebbled, and there is a restaurant and beach bar. [...] It is located right in the center of the city promenade, across from the famous Hotel Princess, and stretches from the river Željeznica to the city port. This is a real family beach where you have services everywhere and many children's playgrounds at the same time. The whole area is very neat and clean. Near the beach, there are a few restaurants, cafes, and beach bars. [...] This a small place located in the Bay of Kotor, where is created the rose of mountain and sea winds, particularly suitable for pulmonary patients in the late spring and early fall. The village is situated about 8 km from Kotor and the same distance from Tivat, and across Perast.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-09): - Bosnia și Herțegovina: Mali Školj și Veliki Školj - Muntenegru: Sveti Stefan, Sveti Nikola, și grupul de insule mici în Golful Kotor: Mamula, Sveti Marko, Ostrvo Cvijeća ("Insula florilor"), precum și Gospa od Škrpjela și Sveti Đorđe, Perast - Albania: Sazan înainte de peninsula Karaburun lângă strâmtoarea Otranto - Italia: Isole Tremiti, la nord de peninsula Gargano
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-12-13): Moj galebe! Mali i Veliki Školj – bosanski ili hrvatski pašaluk? 155
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-28): 18Existem apenas duas disputas territoriais em duas regiões diferentes de fronteira. A primeira e mais importante se dá perto da cidade de Neum, onde a Croácia reivindica duas pequenas ilhas chamadas Mali Skolj e Veliki Skolj, bem como a ponta da península Klek (Pavlic, 2017). Essa disputa pode ser observada na figura 2 a seguir. [...] Legenda (Tradução Livre) - Linha verde: Fronteira de Avnoj (fronteira em 25 de junho de 1991), - Linha vermelha: Fronteira de acordo com o acordo sobre a fronteira dos estados da República da Croácia e a Bósnia e Herzegovina (fronteira temporária), - Linha amarela: A ponta de Klek, Mali e Veliki Skoljs com o mar correspondente 19A linha verde do mapa caracteriza os limites da fronteira em 1991, estabelecida pelo Conselho Antifascista pela Libertação Nacional da Iugoslávia, ou AVNOJ, após libertação da região dos governos fantoches nazistas. A linha vermelha no mapa representa a fronteira atual reconhecida pela Bósnia e Herzegovina e pela comunidade internacional, tendo sido estabelecida em 1991 em um acordo assinado entre a Croácia e Bósnia, mas que nunca foi ratificado pelo parlamento croata (Vlada, 2005). Os trechos demarcados pela linha amarela pontilhada, delimitam as reivindicações croatas das ilhas, da ponta da península Klek, bem como os ganhos de territórios marítimos, caso obtenham sucesso nas reivindicações terrestres.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-28): - Revera (Veli Školj) [...] - scoglio Grande (Veli Školj) [...] - scoglio Grande (Veliki Školj)
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): Link with border demarcation treaty ratification [edit]Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia agreed on a border demarcation treaty in 1998. The treaty was signed by the two former presidents, Alija Izetbegović and Franjo Tuđman, but it was never ratified by the respective parliaments and so it never entered into force. The agreement included a border between the two countries in the area of Pelješac which is slightly different from that shown on maps, since Croatia agreed to recognise the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina over two small rock islands (Mali Školj and Veliki Školj) and the tip of the peninsula of Klek near Neum.[43] On 17 October 2007, the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted an official position stating that "Bosnia and Herzegovina opposes the construction of the [Pelješac] Bridge until the issues related to the determination of the sea borderline between the two countries are resolved" and asking Croatia not to undertake any unilateral actions concerning the construction of the bridge. Bosnian MP Halid Genjac stated that this official position has never been reversed and is thus still in force, and no official Bosnian body has given its express consent to the construction of the bridge. He argued that "the claims that Croatia is building a bridge on its territory are incorrect because the sea waters beneath the Pelješac Bridge are not and cannot be Croatian or internal waters, but international waters stretching from the territorial waters of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the open sea".[43][62]
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The second difficulty should be addressed together with the first. It would be especially important to define the sea boundary, regarding the tip of the Klek Peninsula and the uninhabited islets, Veliki and Mali Školj or, more precisely, the rocks in the Mali Ston Bay, which are part of a unique geomorphologic unit, together with the Klek Peninsula. If we draw the line of equidistance for purposes of delimitation of two states whose shores in one bay lie or are opposite to one another (the Peninsula of Klek and Pelješac), which is in accordance with the international law of the sea, as well as Article 4 (3) of the bilateral Agreement which, inter alia, prescribes that border at the sea stretches "the median line of the sea area between the land of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia", it could be claimed that the disputed area would belong to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Closely connected to this, the question of Bosnia-Herzegovina's access to the High Seas or international waters of the Adriatic Sea and other world seas should be addressed, where no country in the world has territorial sovereignty, nor does it exercise any sovereign rights.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-11): After the Badinter Commission Yugoslavia was decided to enter "in process of the dissolution", the first boundary agreement between successor states has been achieved. The Treaty on the State Border between Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was signed by the Croatian President, Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, who was the member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999. The agreement was signed on 30 July 1999 in Sarajevo. The state border between the countries is determined according to the borders at the end of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. The sea border in the area of Neum and Klek peninsula is delimitated by way of an equidistance line. (see figure 1 below). Article 4 of the treaty states that the State border on the sea stretches along the central line of the sea between the territories of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.[12] It is important to consider that both small islands near the Klek peninsula which are Mali Školj and Veliki Školj are given to BiH as well since they are so close to Klek peninsula.
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-12-20): - List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - List of settlements in Illyria - Livanjsko Polje - Lištica (river) [...] - Treskavica - Troglav (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - Uvac - Velika Usora - Veliki Kabao - Vjetrenica Cave - Vlašić (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-07-30): The Croatian government intends to submit to the parliamentary procedure the agreement from 1999, according to which Croatia cedes to Bosnia and Herzegovina the tip of the Klek peninsula and Veliki and Mali Školj, two small islands in the Maloston Bay. [...] Veliki and Mali Skolj in the Maloston and Neum bays should belong to Bosnia and Herzegovina, but Croatia must have the opportunity to connect its territory in an appropriate manner, Lagumdžija told "Dnevni avaz" about the talks on the subject, as reported by Croatian media. [...] Lagumdžija dismissed the possibility that BiH and Croatia would "trade" the Pelješki bridge in exchange for the Veliki and Mali Školj and the tip of the Kleka peninsula, stressing that "something like that might be appropriate for the market, but not for the relations between the two countries."
Claim: Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veliki Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-28): As things stand now, persons wanting to travel by car from northern part of Croatia into Dubrovnik, Peljesac Peninsula, the islands of Mljet, Vis, Lastovo, Korcula etc must enter Bosnia and Herzegovina and 5 kilometers later re-enter Croatia. And vice versa! [...] Along come new complications in the past few weeks. Bosnia and Herzegovina are disputing the border around the area where the bridge is to be built. I.e., a document purporting to represent an agreement between dr Franjo Tudjman (President of Croatia) and Alija Izetbegovic (Bosniak member of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Presidency) in 1999. This is a border agreement with which Croatia reportedly transfers to Bosnia and Herzegovina the tip of the Klek peninsula and two tiny islets Mali and Veliki Skoj near the proposed Peljesac bridge site. The Milanovic government decided recently to pass the agreement for ratification in Parliament, thus causing fiery disputes in Croatia’s public domain, which grew into delicate attacks between President Ivo Josipovic and the government, stirring the spirits among experts too. The document is reportedly ratified by the lower chamber of Bosnia’s parliament and whether it will be ratified in the Croatian parliament is yet to be seen. There are new calls against possible swift ratification, including comments by Tomislav Karamarko, leader of HDZ opposition, that late President Tudjman was very ill at the time in 1999 and may not have been fully informed or aware of implications of the so-called agreement.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Croatia (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-24): Mali Školj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Veliki Školj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[1][2] The temporary regime of the sea border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined in 1999. The Neum Agreement on the temporary border was signed by Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, and has not been ratified due to the emergence of the controversy surrounding the ownership of these two islands and the tip of the Klek peninsula. Croatia disputes the validity of the agreement and claims it as its own territory.[1] [...] - ^ Zoran Šagolj (9 July 2017). "Vlasnik spornih otoka u Malostonskom zaljevu: Mi jesmo Hrvati, ali Mali i Veliki školj pripadaju BiH. Dubrovačka republika to je područje prodala za svoju slobodu Turcima, a naši preci su ga kupili". slobodnadalmacija.hr (in Croatian). Slobodna Dalmacija. Retrieved 24 July 2022.