copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-08-07): Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is not toxic when consumed orally, even in large amounts. However, menadione (a synthetic, water-soluble vitamin K precursor) can cause toxicity (infants have developed hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, and kernicterus) and should not be used to treat vitamin K deficiency. [...] Vitamin K toxicity is rare but is most common in formula-fed infants. The effects of vitamin K toxicity can include hemolytic anemia and jaundice. Jaundice in newborns can cause kernicterus. Treatment is to stop vitamin K and provide supportive care.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-05-22): Before having a baby, most parents don't give much thought to the vitamin K injection (shot) for their newborn. It's just not something that is talked about during prenatal checkups, even though babies have been routinely given this important shot at birth since the practice was first recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1961. Vitamin K is needed for blood to clot normally. Babies are born with very small amounts of vitamin K in their bodies, which can lead to serious bleeding problems. Research shows that a single vitamin K shot at birth protects your baby from developing dangerous bleeding that can lead to brain damage and even death. Ask your healthcare provider about the benefits of vitamin K before your delivery. Protect your newborn by making sure they get the shot after birth. [...] The good news is that VKDB is easily prevented. The easiest and most reliable way to give babies vitamin K is by a shot into a muscle in the leg. One shot given after birth will protect your baby from VKDB.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-04-05): Aluminum-containing vaccines are generally injected into the muscle, and the aluminum is released gradually into the bloodstream from the injection site over time. Taking into account the multiple possible sources of aluminum in the babies’ blood and the slow release from the vaccines, the body burden of aluminum would not be expected to rise above the safe limit, the researchers found. In fact, the level stayed at less than half the safe limit, they wrote, pointing out that this limit itself has a cushion built in and that exposure at or slightly above the limit might be safe. [...] "If the baby’s typical size, and let’s say he or she weighs about 8 pounds, the amount of aluminum in the hepatitis B vaccine alone is almost 14 times the amount of aluminum that’s FDA approved," Ty Bollinger misleadingly said in a video clip shared in a recent Instagram post. Bollinger, who owns a publishing company, has long been a prolific spreader of misinformation on topics such as cancer and vaccines. [...] Jefferson, Tom et al. "Adverse Events after Immunisation with Aluminium-Containing DTP Vaccines: Systematic Review of the Evidence." The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Feb 2004.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-01-16): The video also showed an image of a Vitamin K injectable label that says it contains 110 micrograms of aluminum per liter. "Vitamin K at birth is not a vitamin," another sticker on the video warns. The post’s caption included a list of vaccines along with aluminum levels that it asserted exceed what children can safely receive. [...] The Defender, "Baby who died 34 hours after vaccines had toxic level of aluminum in his blood, report confirms", Sep. 14, 2023.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2023-10-25): It is "definitely untrue" that the vitamin K shot is harmful and unnecessary, Dr. Eugene Shapiro, a professor of pediatrics and epidemiology at Yale School of Medicine, told us in an email. [...] Ingredients of Vitamin K Shot Are Safe Misinformation about the safety of vitamin K injections is not new. Just in the past year, our fact-checking colleagues have published at least five articles correcting false or misleading information about the safety of the shot’s ingredients.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-05-22): A: The vitamin K shot is safe. Vitamin K is the main ingredient in the shot. The other ingredients make the vitamin K safe to give as a shot. One ingredient keeps the vitamin K mixed in the liquid; another keeps the liquid from being too acidic. One of the ingredients is benzyl alcohol, a preservative. Benzyl alcohol is a common ingredient in many medications. In the 1980s, doctors recognized that very premature infants who were in neonatal intensive care units might become sick from benzyl alcohol toxicity because many of the medicines and fluids needed for their intensive care contained benzyl alcohol as a preservative. Although the toxicity was only reported for very premature infants, since then doctors have tried to minimize the number of benzyl-alcohol-containing medications they give. Clearly, the small amount of benzyl alcohol in the vitamin K shot is not enough to be dangerous, even when given in combination with other medications that also contain small amounts of this preservative. [...] The risks of the vitamin K shot are the same risks that are part of getting most any other shot. These include pain or even bruising or swelling at the place where the shot is given. A few cases of skin scarring at the site of injection have been reported. Only a single case of allergic reaction in an infant has been reported, so this is extremely rare.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2022-12-15): Vaccines containing adjuvants are tested extensively in clinical trials before being licensed. Aluminum salts, monophosphoryl A (a detoxified bacterial component), QS21 (isolated from the bark of Quillaja Saponaria trees), CpG (nucleic acids), and squalene (a compound of the body’s normal cholesterol synthesis pathway) are used as adjuvants in the United States. The quantities of aluminum present in vaccines are low and are regulated by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). [...] Why Is Aluminum in Vaccines? Isn’t It Dangerous? [...] Although aluminum at high doses can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, the quantity of aluminum in vaccines is too small to cause a direct toxic effect. Indeed, the quantity of aluminum in biological specimens from those receiving aluminum-containing vaccines is indistinguishable from unvaccinated subjects. The concern that aluminum in vaccines might be associated with a rare autoimmune disease called macrophagic myofasciitis has been refuted by previous studies.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2023-12-13): Addressing false claims that Vitamin K shots have toxic levels of aluminum, Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients, and more [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous to neonates because they contain toxic levels of aluminum has appeared before, such as in this post by Children’s Health Defense, an anti-vaccine website that often disseminates vaccine disinformation. Similar claims have been reviewed in the past and found to be inaccurate. [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous because they contain 20,000 times the recommended amount of aluminum is inaccurate. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that the total allowable exposure to aluminum through the intravenous route not exceed five micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day. One microgram is one thousandth of a milligram, or one millionth of a gram.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2017-12-01): Aluminum is an experimentally demonstrated neurotoxin and the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant. Despite almost 90 years of widespread use of aluminum adjuvants, medical science's understanding about their mechanisms of action is still remarkably poor. There is also a concerning scarcity of data on toxicology and pharmacokinetics of these compounds. In spite of this, the notion that aluminum in vaccines is safe appears to be widely accepted. Experimental research, however, clearly shows that aluminum adjuvants have a potential to induce serious immunological disorders in humans. In particular, aluminum in adjuvant form carries a risk for autoimmunity, long-term brain inflammation and associated neurological complications and may thus have profound and widespread adverse health consequences. In our opinion, the possibility that vaccine benefits may have been overrated and the risk of potential adverse effects underestimated, has not been rigorously evaluated in the medical and scientific community. We hope that the present paper will provide a framework for a much needed and long overdue assessment of this highly contentious medical issue. [...] Critical analysis of reference studies on the toxicokinetics of aluminum-based adjuvants.J Inorg Biochem. 2018 Apr;181:87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.12.015. Epub 2017 Dec 28. J Inorg Biochem. 2018. PMID: 29307441 Review. Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations.Lupus. 2012 Feb;21(2):223-30. doi: 10.1177/0961203311430221. Lupus. 2012. PMID: 22235057 - [Aluminum as an adjuvant in vaccines and post-vaccine reactions].Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1993;44(1):73-80. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1993. PMID: 8235346 Review. Polish.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The injectable form of vitamin K can rarely cause severe (sometimes fatal) allergic reactions when given by injection into a muscle or vein. Vitamin K should be injected into a muscle or vein only when it cannot be given by injection under the skin or taken by mouth, or when your doctor has judged that the benefit is greater than the risk. Get medical help right away if you experience symptoms of an allergic reaction such as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or trouble breathing. Before using vitamin K, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. [...] Images vitamin K 1 mg/0.5 mL injection solution
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2021-11-18): Most killed vaccines contain a very small amount of aluminium-based adjuvant. Although aluminium can be toxic in large quantities, no harmful effects are seen with the level of aluminium used in such small amounts in vaccines.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2023-11-21): Appendix A—Hepatitis B vaccine declination—Mandatory. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 [...] (E) Avoid skin contact with HBr because it is highly toxic and a strong irritant to eyes and skin. [...] K. You should not keep food, beverage, or smoking materials, or eat or smoke in regulated areas where MC concentrations are above the permissible exposure limits.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2022-01-19): Many vaccines contain aluminium salts such as aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate or potassium aluminium sulphate. They act as adjuvants, strengthening and lengthening the immune response to the vaccine. Aluminium salts appear to slow down the release of the active ingredient from the vaccine once it is injected, and stimulate the immune system to respond to the vaccine. They also absorb protein well, and stop the proteins in the vaccine sticking to the walls of a container during storage. [...] Vaccines that contain aluminium are associated with more redness and hardness at the injection site than other vaccines. Rarely, aluminium adjuvants may cause small itchy lumps (granulomas) to form at the injection site. A 2014 Swedish study found that this happened in a small number of children (fewer than 1 in 100) after vaccination with the 5-in-1 vaccine (Infanrix) and pneumococcal vaccine (Prevenar). Granulomas are not dangerous but can be irritating and last for months or even years. The study found that children with granulomas often developed an aluminium contact allergy. However, most children recovered from their symptoms.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-01-12): Aluminum adjuvant containing vaccines have a demonstrated safety profile of over many decades of use and have only uncommonly been associated with severe local reactions. Of note, the most common source of exposure to aluminum is from eating food or drinking water.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2022-12-22): This is also the case with aluminium, which can be neurotoxic in high doses. It is one of the ingredients contained in the 6-in-1 vaccine which is recommended by the NHS for babies at 8, 12 and 16-weeks-old. It provides protection against diphtheria, hepatitis B, polio, hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), tetanus and whooping cough. [...] It is also possible the post may be referring to injections of Vitamin K, which are offered to all newborns to prevent a rare bleeding disorder that can occur due to low levels of the vitamin at birth. However, these injections contain only the vitamin and a small amount of alcohol as a preservative, which is not enough to be dangerous. Vitamin K has not been linked to neurotoxicity and studies suggest it may have a protective effect on brain cells.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2024-09-16): It has been reported that some parents refuse the injection because they are concerned about ingredients in the shot, which the parents call "toxins." One way to alleviate this concern is to ask your hospital if they have the preservative-free version of Vitamin K. [...] However, these fears still persist in the general public. In fact, some of the children in Tennessee who developed life-threatening VKDB did not receive Vitamin K because their parents thought that the shot could cause leukemia. This is not surprising, given that rumors, myths, and non-evidence based information about Vitamin K run rampant on the internet. For example, I found a 2013 blog article on a very popular natural health website, claiming that your child’s chance of getting leukemia from the Vitamin K shot is 1 in 500. The same article, as well as others, lists the side effects of intravenous Vitamin K and state that your child is at risk for these side effects if they receive the Vitamin K shot. These authors do not even understand the difference between intravenous and intramuscular injections. And yet parents all over the world are reading information from these websites and making important health decisions based on misleading and inaccurate claims.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2021-03-24): Guidelines for Vitamin K Prophylaxis [...] - One study published in the British Medical Journal in 1990 raised this concern, suggesting that the risk of cancer was doubled in babies who received vitamin K at birth. [...] References - American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Controversies Concerning Vitamin K and the Newborn. Pediatrics 2003 July; 112(1):191-2.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients (Social media users, 2023-12-07)
Evidence (2017-07-11): Mostly because someone on the Internet told them to be worried about them, even though vitamin K shots are safe, are free of mercury and any other toxins you might really need to be concerned about, and the dose of synthetic vitamin K your baby gets in the shot will not cause an overdose. Or they might be worried that their baby might get up to 100mcg/L of aluminum with each shot. Of course, since they are only getting 0.5ml with the shot, that only equals about 0.05mcg of aluminum! Although it is an extremely tiny amount, why is it even in there? It is not working as an adjuvant as some would propose (again, vitamin K is not a vaccine), but rather is likely just a byproduct of the manufacturing process. And you can be assured that your baby can quickly, and safely eliminate the small amount from their body. [...] There are isolated case reports of anaphylaxis in newborns to other things, including antibiotics, hepatitis B immunoglobulin, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and atracurium (used in anesthesia) – but not to vitamin K shots.
Claim: Regulatory agencies didn’t know of residual DNA contamination in COVID-19 RNA vaccines; residual DNA could integrate into our DNA and cause cancer (Steve Kirsch, 2023-10-25)
Evidence (2023-10-25): Concerns over the potential health effects of residual DNA in biological products like vaccines aren’t new or unknown to regulatory agencies. In fact, recommended guidelines for acceptable levels of residual DNA were already established by the World Health Organization and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines containing DNA, such as the chickenpox vaccine—a live attenuated vaccine containing a DNA virus—have also been widely used before the pandemic and have been shown to be safe.
Claim: Regulatory agencies didn’t know of residual DNA contamination in COVID-19 RNA vaccines; residual DNA could integrate into our DNA and cause cancer (Steve Kirsch, 2023-10-25)
Evidence (2023-10-28): Residual DNA present in the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is a result of the process used to make the vaccine. The Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is manufactured by mass producing the genetic material for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the bacterium Escherichia coli. This is accomplished by placing the spike protein’s genetic material into a plasmid, which is a circular DNA molecule, which is replicated by E. coli. [...] It’s incorrect to claim that regulatory agencies were unaware of residual DNA in the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines until now, as the same document submitted to the European Medicines Agency indicated that residual DNA was among the impurities quantified by the manufacturer ("Process- and product-related impurities including host cell genomic DNA, RNA, proteins, endotoxins, bioburden and plasmid isoforms, for the plasmid DNA, are routinely quantified"). [...] In brief, the claim that regulatory agencies like Health Canada hadn’t known about residual DNA in COVID-19 vaccines or that vaccine manufacturers didn’t disclose the presence of residual DNA in the vaccines is inaccurate.
Claim: Regulatory agencies didn’t know of residual DNA contamination in COVID-19 RNA vaccines; residual DNA could integrate into our DNA and cause cancer (Steve Kirsch, 2023-10-25)
Evidence (2024-01-11): The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are created using starting material that contains DNA. The manufacturing process includes steps to eliminate any residual DNA, but some small fragments might be found in finished vaccine doses. [...] Ladapo’s statement did not include any evidence that COVID-19 vaccines have caused "DNA integration," in which DNA fragments in the vaccines combine with a recipient’s DNA. [...] Offit told PolitiFact the discussion of "DNA contaminants" in the COVID-19 vaccines is really one about "utterly harmless manufacturing residuals." Plus, he said people are exposed to foreign DNA all the time, including when they eat animal or plant products.
Claim: Regulatory agencies didn’t know of residual DNA contamination in COVID-19 RNA vaccines; residual DNA could integrate into our DNA and cause cancer (Steve Kirsch, 2023-10-25)
Evidence (2024-02-01): Despite being unsupported by research, claims about COVID-19 mRNA vaccines interfering with human DNA continue to circulate. This week, one in six adults (17%) surveyed in four states said they’d heard the claim in the last 7 days; 72% of those believed it could be true. Persistence of this claim may be due to concerns recently expressed by Florida’s Surgeon General that mRNA vaccines can carry foreign DNA into a cell. However, mRNA only enters the cell cytoplasm and does not enter the cell’s nucleus where human DNA is found. Messenger RNA (mRNA) in COVID-19 vaccines teaches cells to make a spike protein from the virus, helping the body fight the actual virus. Once the mRNA gives instructions to the cells, the body breaks it down so it cannot harm the body. The survey asked if people had heard that "DNA fragments in mRNA vaccines change your DNA, impact reproductive health, and can cause cancer." Some adults were more likely to hear the claim than others.
Claim: Regulatory agencies didn’t know of residual DNA contamination in COVID-19 RNA vaccines; residual DNA could integrate into our DNA and cause cancer (Steve Kirsch, 2023-10-25)
Evidence (2024-02-20): Last December Ladapo sent a letter to the commissioner of the FDA and the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in which he questioned the safety of DNA fragments in Pfizer’s and Moderna’s COVID mRNA vaccines. The letter laid out unfounded concerns about these fragments entering human cell nuclei in the presence of the lipid nanoparticles that are used to deliver the mRNA to cells. He also stated concerns about DNA contamination from a virus called simian virus 40 (SV40). Ladapo suggested that if such DNA were to be integrated into cells, it could activate cancer-causing genes or cause chromosomal instability. [...] In order to enter human cell nuclei, any such residual viral DNA would first have to enter the cell’s main compartment, or cytoplasm, which normally keeps foreign DNA out. Next it would have to cross the nuclear membrane; this would be impossible without an access signal, which these fragments don’t have, Offit notes. The residual DNA would also have to integrate into the nuclear DNA, which would require DNA-cutting enzymes that aren’t present in the mRNA vaccine. The chances that mRNA vaccination would in any way affect your DNA "are zero," Offit says.