copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): In November 2019, India issued a new political map of the country which, like earlier maps, showed Kalapani as part of India. This new map was rejected by Nepal, and mass protest against India took place across the country and outside the Indian embassy in Nepal. Protesters accused India of occupying their land.[49] In May 2020, the Indian Defence minister, Rajnath Singh inaugurated an 80 km road from Dharchula to Lipulekh pass. Nepal protested against the construction of the road.[50] The Lipulekh area is currently under India's control. On 20 May 2020, Nepal launched its own map showing Kalapani, Limpiyadhura and Lipulekh as parts of its own territory.[51] The new map was subsequently approved by the Nepali parliament on 18 June 2020. India opposed the move, claiming that the decision to include Limpiyadhura, Lipulekh and Kalapani is not based on evidence or historical facts.[52] [...] - ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (20 May 2020). "Nepal's new political map claims India's territories". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): New Delhi [India], April 18 (ANI): Telecom connectivity has reached India's first village, Kaurik and Guea, in Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. This village is situated 14,931 feet above sea level. Telecom connectivity reaches 14,931 Ft above sea level at India’s first village, Kaurik and Guea, in Lahaul & Spiti District, HP. 🛜 Connecting the unconnected. pic.twitter.com/tD3CwsAUj9 — DoT India (@DoT_India) April 16, 2024 "Telecom connectivity reaches 14,931 Ft above sea level at India's first village, Kaurik and Guea, in Lahaul & Spiti District, HP. Connecting the unconnected," the Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, said in a post on X. Kaurik is a village in the Lahul and Spiti districts, in Himachal Pradesh. It is in the valley of the Parang or Pare Chu River before its confluence with the Spiti River. Kaurik is close to the border with Tibet. Gue is a village about 40 km from the Tabo Monastery, in the Tabo village of Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh. It is situated at latitude 31.11 and longitude 77.16. The village is a few kilometres away from the India-China border. (ANI)
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Ladakh (/ləˈdɑːk/)[10] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959.[2] Ladakh is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east, the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh to the south, both the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan to the west, and the southwest corner of Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in the far north. It extends from the Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram range to the north to the main Great Himalayas to the south.[11][12] The eastern end, consisting of the uninhabited Aksai Chin plains, is claimed by the Indian Government as part of Ladakh, but has been under Chinese control.[13][14][15][16] [...] Ladakh was established as a union territory of India on 31 October 2019, following the passage of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act. Prior to that, it was part of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ladakh is both the largest and the second least populous union territory of India.[22][citation needed]
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-30): Kaurik (Chinese: 曲惹) and (Hindi: कौरिक) is a village in the Lahul and Spiti district, in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is in the valley of the Parang or Pare Chu river before its confluence with the Spiti River. Kaurik is close to the border with Tibet, the opposite village on the Tibetan side being Tsurup Sumgyi (or Tsosib Sumkyil).[1][a] China claims the village as part of its Zanda County, Tibet. In 1975, landslides during an earthquake completely destroyed the village situated in Kaurik,[2][3] Largest number of survivors of Kaurik village now reside in Hoorling village in this area. The ruins of Kaurik are in a restricted area under Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) control.[citation needed] Kaurik is connected to the rest of India through the Kaurik–Sumdo Road, and from Sumdo, through two national highways—the NH 5 Sumdo-Nako-Shimla Highway through Kinnaur district and the NH 505 Sumdo-Kaza-Gramphu-Manali highway through the Spiti River valley. The latter remains closed for 7 months due to winter snows on the Kunzum Pass (4,551 m or 14,931 ft).[4] A dual-use airstrip, 100 km to the west, is under construction, scheduled to be completed in 2024.[5]
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-15): A province consisted of territory under the direct rule of the Emperor of India (who was also the King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions) and a few minor states, ruled by Indian princes under the suzerainty of the Emperor. A Governor or Lieutenant-Governor acted as the representative of the Emperor to that province and head of government of the directly ruled territories in the province. The governor or lieutenant-governor also served as the Emperor's representative to the constituent states of the province. The first three of the lieutenant-governorships were territories annexed to India from other powers and temporarily governed by the erstwhile Bengal Presidency before being made into their own separate provinces. Agra and Bengal were still considered de jure parts of the defunct Bengal Presidency for judicial and legal purposes. Agra was finally separated in 1878 and merged with Oudh. The Bengal Presidency was re-established in 1912 as a governorship. All these provinces had their own legislatures established by the Indian Councils Acts and high courts established by Indian High Courts Acts. [...] The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry, comprising the former French enclaves of Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon and Mahé, was transferred to India; this became a union territory in 1962.[5] [...] - ^ Balwant Singh Malik (1998). "Territoriality of executive powers of states in India". Constitutional Law. Archived from the original on 31 December 2009.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Jammu and Kashmir, union territory of India (until October 31, 2019, a state), located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent centered on the plains around Jammu to the south and the Vale of Kashmir to the north. The union territory is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. Legislation passed in August 2019 set the stage for downgrading Jammu and Kashmir from statehood to union territory status and splitting off a part of it, known as the Ladakh region, into a separate union territory. The change went into effect on October 31 of that year. Jammu and Kashmir, formerly one of the largest princely states of India, is bounded to the east by the Indian union territory of Ladakh, to the south by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, to the southwest by Pakistan, and to the northwest by the Pakistani-administered portion of Kashmir. The administrative capitals are Srinagar in summer and Jammu in winter. Area 16,309 square miles (101,387 square km). Pop. (2011) 12,367,013.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-06): - The union territory of Puducherry has former French establishments of Yanam, Karaikal, Mahe, all scattered in various places of south India. - Mahe district is enclosed by Kerala, Yanam district is enclosed by Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry and Karaikal are enclosed by the state of Tamil Nadu. [...] Puducherry is the capital of Puducherry. Puducherry is located on the Coromandel coast. It is bounded by Tamil Nadu and the Bay of Bengal. The union territory of Puducherry has former French establishments of Yanam, Karaikal, Mahe, all scattered in various places of south India.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-28): Below is a list of the eight Union Territories of India and their capitals. By area, Ladakh (59,146 km²) is the largest and Lakshadweep (32.62 km²) is the smallest Union Territory in India. By population, Delhi is the largest and Lakshadweep is the smallest Union Territory in India. India has 28 states.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-13): union territory, one of the first-order administrative units in the Republic of India. Union territories are governed, in part or wholly, by the union government of India. There are eight union territories in India: [...] Puducherry comprises four distinct locations and was formed out of four former colonies of French India. It includes Puducherry (then called Pondicherry) and Karaikal along India’s Coromandel Coast, surrounded by Tamil Nadu state; Yanam, farther north along the eastern coast in the delta region of the Godavari River, surrounded by Andhra Pradesh state; and Mahe, lying on the western Malabar Coast, surrounded by Kerala state. Transfer of these French possessions to the union of India took place on November 1, 1954. In 1962 Pondicherry became a union territory of India. The Government of Union Territories Act of 1963 granted Pondicherry a state legislature. The territory formally took the name Puducherry in 2006. [...] Jammu and Kashmir was formerly a state with a legislature. In 2019, after an outbreak of violence in the region of Kashmir, India’s union government passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, splitting the state into two union territories, one called Jammu and Kashmir and the other called Ladakh. The act followed a presidential order amending Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which in 1954 had conferred on the state of Jammu and Kashmir the power to have a separate constitution, a state flag, and autonomy of internal administration.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The region is located along the northernmost extremity of the Indian-Australian tectonic plate. The subduction of that plate beneath the Eurasian Plate—the process that for roughly 50 million years has been creating the Himalayas—has produced heavy seismic activity in Kashmir. One especially powerful earthquake in 2005 devastated Muzaffarabad, which is the administrative center of Azad Kashmir, and adjacent areas including parts of India’s Jammu and Kashmir state (now Jammu and Kashmir union territory) and Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-08): Today, Delhi and Islamabad both claim Kashmir in full, but control only parts of it - territories recognised internationally as "Indian-administered Kashmir" and "Pakistan-administered Kashmir". [...] Within Kashmir, opinions about the territory's rightful allegiance are diverse and strongly held. Many do not want it to be governed by India, preferring either independence or union with Pakistan instead. [...] India's parliament has now passed a bill splitting Indian-administered Kashmir into two territories governed directly by Delhi: Jammu and Kashmir, and remote, mountainous Ladakh.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-08-05): Kashmir is a Himalayan region that both India and Pakistan say is fully theirs. The area was once a princely state called Jammu and Kashmir, but it joined India in 1947 soon after the sub-continent was divided up at the end of British rule.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): In 1975, the Sikkimese monarchy held a referendum, in which the Sikkemese voted overwhelmingly in favour of joining India.[33][34] At the time China protested and rejected it as illegal. The Sino-Indian Memorandum of 2003 was hailed as a de facto Chinese acceptance of the annexation.[35] China published a map showing Sikkim as a part of India and the Foreign Ministry deleted it from the list of China's "border countries and regions".[35] However, the Sikkim-China border's northernmost point, "The Finger", continues to be the subject of dispute and military activity.[36] [...] - ^ "Arunachal Pradesh is our territory": Chinese envoy Rediff India Abroad, 14 November 2006. Archived 8 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine - ^ Subir Bhaumik, "India to deploy 36,000 extra troops on Chinese border", BBC, 23 November 2010. Archived 2 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine - ^ "The China-India Border Brawl", The Wall Street Journal, 24 June 2009, archived from the original on 23 September 2011 - ^ 何, 宏儒 (12 June 2014). "外長會 印向陸提一個印度政策". 中央通訊社. 新德里. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-04): Table 3: Type of Incidents were aerial incidents. While three aerial incidents were reported in the Western Sector, no aerial incidents were found in the Eastern Sector. The highest number of aerial incidents occurred in the period 2012- 2014, and all three of them were in the Middle Sector, over the state of Himachal Pradesh. Chinese helicopters were reported to have entered Indian airspace near Kaurik and Lapcha areas in the tribal districts of Kinnaur and Lahaul Spiti on 16 March and 19 March. Nothing is known about the third incident except its mention by Indo-Tibetan Border Police Inspector General, M.S. Bhurji as reported by TH.21 [...] 53. "Sukhoi base in east to counter China," The Times of India, September 28, 2007.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-28): This ‘dispute’ is different from the two precedents, Chuva-Chuje (Kaurik sector) and Shipki-la, in the sense that the Nilang-Jadhang area (South of Tsangchok-la) was disputed by the Tibetan government before Independence. [...] Let us remember the basics to determine a border, as explained in the Report of the Officials of India and China in 1960/61; the Indian Report says: "In the Middle Sector both sides had referred to the watershed boundary and were clear as to where the watershed lay. In fact, the two alignments coincided for the most part along the main watershed. The Chinese alignment departed from it only at Gyuand Kauirik, Shipki, Nilang-Jadhang, Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla. All these departures from the watershed were also the points of divergence from the Indian alignment, and were, curiously enough, to the south and west, so as to include Indian territory in Tibet, and in no case the other way round. These isolated and small departures always in one direction were difficult to comprehend and emphasized that the correct traditional boundary lay along the watershed itself." [...] Lipulekh pass is a far western point near Kalapani, a disputed border area between Nepal and India. Both India and Nepal claim Kalapani as an integral part of their territory."
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-30): According to The Hindustan Times, the Indian villagers have asked security agencies to increase their vigil along the border after the incidents in Ladakh and in view of China's renewed activities (road construction and two air incursions which are said to have taken place in the Kaurik sector in April). [...] Historically, the customary border was east of Kaurik, and this China can't change it, but this will not make Beijing drop its claim. [...] What was the location of Kauirik village? From inset 'A' on the map handed over by the Indian side, it appeared that it was situated north-west of the junction of the Pare and the Spiti rivers. Did the Indian alignment also pass in the vicinity the junction of the Pare and the Spiti rivers as indicated on the Indian map?
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-05-05): Read MoreCategory: Himachal Pradesh, Spiti, Trans-Himalayas, Travels Tags: Chango, Dalai Lama, Gelugpa, Gue, Hangarang, Himachal Pradesh, Himalayas, Hurling, Kaurik, Kinnaur, Lari, Maling, Maling Slide, Manerang, Meditation-caves, Nako, Parechu, Satluj, Sham, Shialkar, Spiti, Sumdo, Sumra, Sutlej, Tabo, Tibet, trans-Himalayas, UNESCO
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-11): Kinnaur district has been cut off from state capital Shimla following flash floods between Pooh and Kaurik and a landslide on the National Highway 5 near Negulsariin | (File Photo: PTI) [...] Kinnaur district has been cut off from state capital Shimla following flash floods between Pooh and Kaurik and a landslide on the National Highway 5 near Negulsariin.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-11): Kinnaur district has been cut off from state capital Shimla following flash floods between Pooh and Kaurik and a landslide on the National Highway 5 near Negulsariin.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-07): With snow melting in the high-altitude areas, China’s People Liberation Army has begun constructing a post along the Indian border in the sensitive Kaurik sector of Himachal Pradesh’s tribal Lahaul and Spiti district. [...] Five battalions of the ITBP guard the border with China in the state. In all, there are 20 ITBP posts along the border and Kaurik is a sensitive one being the last village beyond Sumdoh. [...] China stepped up activity in the region after air incursions in Kaurik sector in April last year. Chinese helicopters violated Indian airspace twice in April 2020.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-07-22): The 500 Km road from Ambala to Kaurik is also Known as National Highway No. 22. It passes through the foothills of Shivalik Ranges, Shimla, Kingal and then runs along the river Satluj and thereafter passes through Rampur, Poari, and Pooh. From Khab to Sumdo, the road runs along the river Spiti. From Kalka to Wangtu, the 335 Km stretch is under the control of Himachal Pradesh Public Works Department. While from Wangtu to Korik, it is under the Border Roads Organisation. [...] About 569 km from Delhi and 28 km from Sangla, the village Chitkul in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh is the last inhabited village on this road on the Indo-Tibet border.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-06-10): In the Middle Sector, opposite Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, there is a great chunk of territory claimed by China, which is hardly known to a common man in India. These areas are , Chumar, Kaurik, Shipki La, Nelang and Laptha. It is a 507 Km long belt but thinly held by India. Therefore, this region presents itself as an easy and a soft objective for China to capture in a limited border conflict, which would have larger impact in the current world geo-politics. These areas are Kaurik & Shipki La in Himachal Pradesh; Nelang Valley with areas Leptha, Pulam Sumda and Sang etc in Uttarakhand. These are claimed by China as a part of the Ngari Prefecture of the Zanda County of Tibet.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-13): In 1960, during the course of negotiations with China, Indian officials defined the sector thus: "From the Gya Peak, the boundary follows the watershed between the Spiti and Pare rivers and crosses the Pare river a mile south of the village of Kaurik. South of the Pare River, the boundary ascends one of the ranges leading to the high peak of Leo Pargial, crosses the Sutlej at its bend, and following the Zaskar range lies through the Shipki Pass, the Raniso Pass, and the Shimdang Pass. Thereafter, it follows the main watershed between the Sutlej and the Ganges basins. Passes such as Tsangchok-la, Mana-la, Niti-la, Tunjun-la, Kungri Bingri-la, and Darma-la mark the boundary." [...] For Beijing, there are six ‘disputed’ areas in the Central Sector which stretch over the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, namely Chuva-Chuje, near Sumdo/Kaurik in Kinnaur district, an area south of Shipki-la (pass) in the same district; Nilang-Jadhang in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand; and three areas in Chamoli district, namely Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla.To these, one should add Kalapani/Lipulekh, recently included in Nepal’s new maps. [...] India should also not ignore some recent maps of the Indian boundary published in China. Though Beijing’s and New Delhi’s stands are similar in the Lipulekh/Kalapani sector, the Nepali claims are shown as ‘disputed’ by some ‘private’ maps published in China. Knowing that there is nothing such as ‘private’ in China, it should not be ignored.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of India (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-04-20): - No access on roads leading to Shipkila and Kaurik areas from NH-22 will be permitted.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China This article is about territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China (PRC). A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more political entities. Many of China's territorial disputes result from the historical consequences of colonialism in Asia and the lack of clear historical boundary demarcations. Many of these disputes are almost identical to those that the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei, also known as Taiwan, has with other countries. Therefore, many of the subsequent resolved disputes made by the PRC after 1949 with other governments may not be recognized by the ROC.[1] [...] - ^ See the text of the "Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China on the Kazakhstan-China international border, signed in Almaty on Aprel 26, 1994" in О ратификации Соглашения между Республикой Казахстан и Китайской Народной Республикой о казахстанско-китайской государственной границе. Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 15 июня 1995 г. N 2331 Archived 2013-10-05 at the Wayback Machine. The border shown on Google Maps follows the description in the treaty; specifically, border point 38 described in the text is at the border line's crossing with the Terekty River (铁列克提河; Tiělièkètí Hé) can be seen at 45°37′00″N 82°15′30″E / 45.61667°N 82.25833°E. The 1969-era Soviet claim in the area can be seen on the period's topo maps, e.g. border point No. 40 on this map Archived 2013-10-01 at the Wayback Machine.
Claim: Kaurik is a territory of People's Republic of China (Kaurik, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory[48] amidst a military buildup.[49] At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim.[36] In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border.[50] In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a "One India" policy to resolve the border dispute.[51][52] [...] See also [edit]- Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China - China containment policy - Chinese salami slicing strategy - Himalayan Rim - India-China Border Roads - List of disputed territories of China - List of disputed territories of India - List of territorial disputes - McMahon Line - Sino-Indian relations - Sino-Indian War [...] - ^ "Arunachal Pradesh is our territory": Chinese envoy Rediff India Abroad, 14 November 2006. Archived 8 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine - ^ Subir Bhaumik, "India to deploy 36,000 extra troops on Chinese border", BBC, 23 November 2010. Archived 2 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine - ^ "The China-India Border Brawl", The Wall Street Journal, 24 June 2009, archived from the original on 23 September 2011 - ^ 何, 宏儒 (12 June 2014). "外長會 印向陸提一個印度政策". 中央通訊社. 新德里. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.