copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Cocotiers is a territory of Gabon (Cocotiers, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): CIJ: face à la Guinée équatoriale, le Gabon défend sa position sur les îles de Mbanié, Cocotier et Conga [...] Pendant toute l'audience, le Gabon a en effet défendu l’existence de ce document contesté par Malabo et demandé aux juges de la CIJ de lui accorder tout son poids afin de permettre aux protagonistes de pouvoir - enfin - négocier sur une base commune. Les représentants gabonais ont expliqué que les deux pays avaient signé cette convention en 1974 dans la ville équato-guinéenne de Bata et qu'avec elle, la Guinée équatoriale avait reconnu que les îles de Mbanié, Cocotier et Conga appartenait au Gabon. [...] De son côté, la Guinée équatoriale continue de contester l'existence de cette convention et affirme que si les trois îles sont géographiquement plus proches des côtes gabonaises, elles sont tombées dans son escarcelle à l’indépendance. Selon Malabo, Mbanié, Cocotier et Conga avaient été annexées sans résistance par le colon espagnol il y a presque deux siècles.
Claim: Cocotiers is a territory of Gabon (Cocotiers, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-15): The territorial dispute between Gabon and Equatorial Guinea is once again in the spotlight. These two Central African countries have been disputing the sovereignty of three islands since the 1970s. After the failure of UN mediation, Libreville and Malabo had agreed to resort to the International Court of Justice to settle the dispute. [...] The two countries have been invited to designate their representatives and file their defenses. The case dates back to 1972 when Equatorial Guinea claimed sovereignty over Mbanié, the largest island with an area of 20 hectares, and two other islets, Cocotiers and Conga. In 1974, a treaty was signed. It reduced the tension. But 15 years later, Equatorial Guinea revived the dispute.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-17): Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea) [...] The Case of the "Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea)" refers to an ongoing territorial dispute over the common land and maritime frontiers between the two States and the sovereignty over the islands of Mbanié/Mbane, Cocotiers/Cocoteros, and Conga. [...] Bădescu, M. (2023). Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea).
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Geography [edit]Equatorial Guinea is on the west coast of Central Africa. The country consists of a mainland territory, Río Muni, which is bordered by Cameroon to the north and Gabon to the east and south, and five small islands, Bioko, Corisco, Annobón, Elobey Chico (Small Elobey), and Elobey Grande (Great Elobey). Bioko, the site of the capital, Malabo, lies about 40 kilometers (25 mi) off the coast of Cameroon. Annobón Island is about 350 kilometers (220 mi) west-south-west of Cape Lopez in Gabon. Corisco and the two Elobey islands are in Corisco Bay, on the border of Río Muni and Gabon.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Equatorial Guinea, country located on the west coast of Africa. It consists of Río Muni (also known as Continental Equatorial Guinea), on the continent, and five islands (known collectively as insular Equatorial Guinea): Bioko (formerly Fernando Po), Corisco, Great Elobey (Elobey Grande), Little Elobey (Elobey Chico), and Annobón (Pagalu). Bata is the administrative capital of the mainland. Formerly a colony of Spain with the name Spanish Guinea, the country achieved its independence on October 12, 1968. The capital is Malabo, on Bioko. Continental Equatorial Guinea is a roughly rectangular territory bounded by Cameroon to the north and Gabon to the east and south. Near the coast are the small islands of Corisco and Great and Little Elobey. Bioko, by far the largest of the islands, lies off the coast of Cameroon in the Bight of Biafra. Annobón, a volcanic island, lies south of the Equator and almost 400 miles (640 km) to the southwest of Bioko. [...] Annobón is an isolated fragment of the country, about 93 miles (150 km) southwest of the island of São Tomé in Sao Tome and Principe and about 400 miles (650 km) southwest of Bioko. Like the latter, it is a volcanic island but is less elevated, consisting of a conglomeration of cones, including Mount Santa Mina and Mount Quioveo. The highest elevation is about 2,200 feet (670 metres). The small, rugged island is not quite 4 miles (6 km) long by 2 miles (3 km) wide.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Equatorial Guinea and Gabon face off at the ICJ over oil-rich islands of Mbanié, Cocotier and Conga [...] Gabon and Equatorial Guinea are currently presenting their case before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague to resolve a five-decade territorial dispute over three oil-rich islands in the Gulf of Guinea. Following hearings of Malabo, Libreville presented its arguments on October 2, focusing on a 1974 convention signed in Bata which Gabon claims. The central Africa country confirms its sovereignty over the islands of Mbanié, Cocotier, and Conga.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-22): Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region was most likely predominantly inhabited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island, and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule. [...] Equatorial Guinea is one of the smallest and least populated countries in continental Africa and is the only independent African country where Spanish is an official language. Despite a boom in oil production in the 1990s, authoritarianism, corruption, and resource mismanagement have concentrated the benefits among a small elite. These practices have perpetuated income inequality and unbalanced development, such as low public spending on education and health care. Unemployment remains problematic because the oil-dominated economy employs a small labor force dependent on skilled foreign workers. The agricultural sector, Equatorial Guinea’s main employer, continues to deteriorate because of a lack of investment and the migration of rural workers to urban areas. About two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line as of 2020.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): The Hague (AFP) – Gabon and Equatorial Guinea faced off Monday at the International Court of Justice, hoping to resolve a decades-old scrap over the sovereignty of three disputed islands in potentially oil-rich waters. The two West African nations have been squabbling over the 30-hectare (74-acre) island of Mbanie and two smaller low-lying islets, Cocotier and Conga, since the early 1970s. [...] Esono said that Gabon invaded the islands in 1972 and "has occupied them illegally ever since".
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. It is one of the smallest countries in Africa consisting of a mainland territory and five inhabited islands. Major oil reserves were discovered offshore in the late 1990s, but systemic corruption has hindered economic development.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-01-21): The longstanding dispute between the two nations regarding the Mbanié, Cocotiers and Congas islands, and common boundaries, dates back to the early 1970’s.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-23): Subdivisions of Equatorial Guinea [...] Regions [edit]Equatorial Guinea is divided into a continental region known as Río Muni, and an insular region comprising Bioko, Annobón, Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, Mbañe , Conga, Leva, Cocotero and other smaller islets.[1][2] The islets of Mbañe, Conga, and Cocotero are subject to a territorial dispute with Gabon, pending resolution at the International Court of Justice.[3][4] [...] - ^ Entidades Locales Menores en la República de Guinea Ecuatorial [Minor local entities in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea] (PDF) (Law 6) (in Spanish). 15 November 2012. pp. 4, 18.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-15): Gabon and Equatorial Guinea settle territorial dispute in The Hague [...] The territorial dispute between Gabon and Equatorial Guinea is once again in the spotlight. These two Central African countries have been disputing the sovereignty of three islands since the 1970s. After the failure of UN mediation, Libreville and Malabo had agreed to resort to the International Court of Justice to settle the dispute. [...] The two countries have been invited to designate their representatives and file their defenses. The case dates back to 1972 when Equatorial Guinea claimed sovereignty over Mbanié, the largest island with an area of 20 hectares, and two other islets, Cocotiers and Conga. In 1974, a treaty was signed. It reduced the tension. But 15 years later, Equatorial Guinea revived the dispute.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-11-26): 179- Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea) On March 05th 2021, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) a compromise signed by the two States on November 15th 2016 and entered into force in March 2020. The Court is requested "to determine whether the legal titles, treaties and international conventions invoked by the Parties have the force of law in the relations between the Gabonese Republic and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea in so far as they concern the delimitation of their common maritime and land boundaries and sovereignty over the islands of Mbanié/Mbañe, Cocotiers/Cocoteros and Conga".
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-23): Equatorial Guinea and Gabon have a long-standing maritime and territorial dispute over the ownership of three islands Mbanie/Mbane, Cocotiers/Cocoteros, and Congas. The dispute has been simmering since 1972 when there was a small military skirmish on the island of Mbanie/Mbane. It remained in obscurity until the hydrocarbon fields were discovered in the surrounding waters. In 2004, the leaders of both States jointly pledged before the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to negotiate a joint development zone in order to exploit the oil reserves. In 2004, the Secretary-Generalinitialized mediation through his special representative, but it had to be suspended in 2010 because of the souring relationship between the new Gabonese government and Equatorial Guinea. In 2011, at the invitation of the new UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon that the negotiations were restarted, with the aim of finding a mutually acceptable solution of the border dispute between the two parties for submission to the International Court of Justice. In 2016, these mediation efforts were successfully concluded. [...] If for this or any other reason, the 1974 Convention is considered to be valid on the basis of counter-evidence that Gabon may present, then Equatorial Guinea might be considered bound by its provisions other than Art 4 (which stipulates that it is to be finalized on a later date). In that case, the matters concerning the boundary in river Muni, the land boundary terminus, the sovereignty over islands Mbanie/Mbane, Ccoctiers/Cocoteros, and Conga, and the allocation of territorial patches along the boundary will be seen as settled.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Gabon presented its case to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on Wednesday, asserting sovereignty over three disputed islands in oil-rich waters, a claim contested by Equatorial Guinea. The two West African nations are locked in a territorial dispute over the 30-hectare island of Mbanie and two smaller islets, Cocotier and Conga, potentially rich in oil and gas deposits. The origins of the dispute date back to 1900, when colonial powers France and Spain signed a treaty setting the borders between their territories, now Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. Gabon claims that the 1974 Bata Convention settled the sovereignty issue in its favour, but Equatorial Guinea dismisses the document as unofficial and incomplete. Marie-Madeleine Mborantsuo, honorary president of Gabon’s constitutional court, told the ICJ, "This treaty, which we regard as being fully valid, resolves all sovereignty issues regarding the islands and border delimitation." However, Equatorial Guinea accuses Gabon of illegally occupying the islands since 1972.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-10): Cameroon,[a] officially the Republic of Cameroon,[b] is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Its coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. Due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West Africa and Central Africa, it has been categorized as being in both camps. Cameroon's population of nearly 31 million people speak 250 native languages, in addition to the national tongues of English and French, or both. Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest. Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões (Shrimp River), which became Cameroon in English. Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century, and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Since the beginning of the week, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea have been engaged in a legal confrontation at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague, seeking to resolve a territorial dispute that has persisted for five decades. The conflict centers on the sovereignty claimed by both nations over three small islands in the Gulf of Guinea, whose surrounding waters are believed to be rich in oil. Following the arguments presented by Malabo on Monday, September 30th, the focus shifted to Libreville’s legal representatives on Wednesday, October 2nd. At the heart of Gabon’s defense was a 1974 convention between the two nations, which the lawyers from Equatorial Guinea disparagingly referred to as a "piece of paper." Nevertheless, Gabon believes this document serves as compelling evidence of its sovereignty over the islands of Mbanié, Cocotier, and Conga, which Equatorial Guinea contests. [...] Conversely, Equatorial Guinea continues to dispute the existence of this convention, asserting that, despite the islands being geographically closer to Gabon’s coast, they became part of its territory upon independence. Malabo contends that Mbanié, Cocotier, and Conga were annexed without resistance by the Spanish colonizer nearly two centuries ago.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-08): Corisco Bay is a small bay on the border of two states: Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. Three islands, Corisco, Elobey Grande and Elobey Chico, have long been under the control of Spain, and more recently of the independent republic of Equatorial Guinea. Further South, a tiny sand island called Mbanié is closer to Gabon than to Equatorial Guinea. Gabon claims sovereignty on the basis of proximity of the mainland, while Equatorial Guinea claims it is part of a larger group of islands that are under its own sovereignty. While of little value itself, the island is of great importance in the delimitation of territorial waters in an area that is very rich in mineral resources, particularly oil. This is the source of continual tension between the two states. As of today, Gabon administers Mbanié and maintains a military presence on the island.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-01-01): Equatorial Guinea is a sovereign, independent, republican, social and democratic State, in which the supreme values are unity, peace, justice, freedom and equality. [...] Article 3 - The territory of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea is comprised of the continental area known as Río Muni and the Bioko, Annobón, Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, Mbañe, Conga, Leva, Cocotero islands and adjacent islets, the fluvial waters, the maritime zone, the continental shelf determined by the Law and the air space that covers them. [...] The Republican and Democratic Regime of the State of Equatorial Guinea, the National Unity, and the Territorial Integrity may not be the object of any reform
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Gabon and Equatorial Guinea faced off on Monday at the International Court of Justice, hoping to resolve a decades-old scrap over the sovereignty of three disputed islands in potentially oil-rich waters. The two West African nations have been squabbling over the 30-hectare (74-acre) island of Mbanie and two smaller low-lying islets, Cocotier and Conga, since the early 1970s. [...] Esono said that Gabon invaded the islands in 1972 and "has occupied them illegally ever since."
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-03-03): Cérémonie concernant le Compromis relatif au différend frontalier entre le Gabon et la Guinée équatoriale [...] Under the Special Agreement concluded by the Heads of States of the two countries on 15 November 2016, the International Court of Justice is requested to determine whether the legal titles, treaties, and international agreements invoked by the Parties are applicable to the relations between the Gabonese Republic and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea regarding the delimitation of their common maritime and territorial boundaries and the sovereignty over the Mbanié, Cocotiers and Conga islands.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-14): For lack of consensus, the two neighboring countries, members of the international community and members of continental and regional groupings have decided to bring their border dispute to international justice on the subject of the property of the Mbanié, Cocotiers and Conga islands. Competent to judge territorial disputes between the States, the ICJ was seized so that the law is said on this subject which poisons the relations between the two countries. [...] In this perspective, the ICJ awaits the brief of Equatorial Guinea on October 5, 2021 and that of Gabon on May 5, 2022. A stage considered "important" since it precedes that of the pleadings, where each party relying on arguments of right, should seek to demonstrate that these islands reputed to be rich in oil but also in fish are within its territorial jurisdiction. In its capacity as civil party, Equatorial Guinea asks to "say whether the legal titles, treaties and international conventions invoked by the Parties are lawful in the relations between the Gabonese Republic and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea with regard to the delimitation of their common maritime and land borders and sovereignty over the Mbanié, Cocotiers and Conga islands ".
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-03): In the Special Agreement, the Parties request the Court "to determine whether the legal titles, treaties and international conventions invoked by the Parties have the force of law in the relations between the Gabonese Republic and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea in so far as they concern the delimitation of their common maritime and land boundaries and sovereignty over the islands of Mbanié/Mbañe, Cocotiers/Cocoteros and Conga". It is stated in the Special Agreement that "[t]he Gabonese Republic recognizes as applicable to the dispute the special Convention on the delimitation of French and Spanish possessions in West Africa, on the coasts of the Sahara and the Gulf of Guinea, signed in Paris on 27 June 1900, and the Convention demarcating the land and maritime frontiers of Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, signed in Bata on 12 September 1974", and that "[t]he Republic of Equatorial Guinea recognizes as applicable to the dispute the special Convention on the delimitation of French and Spanish possessions in West Africa, on the coasts of the Sahara and the Gulf of Guinea, signed in Paris on 27 June 1900". The Special Agreement further states that both Gabon and Equatorial Guinea reserve the right to invoke other legal titles.
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Gabon (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-17): Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea) [...] The Case of the "Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea)" refers to an ongoing territorial dispute over the common land and maritime frontiers between the two States and the sovereignty over the islands of Mbanié/Mbane, Cocotiers/Cocoteros, and Conga. [...] Bădescu, M. (2023). Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea).
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Gabon (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-16): lyrics/music: Georges Aleka DAMAS note: adopted 1960 [...] UN urges Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane Island and lesser islands and to establish a maritime boundary in hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay
Claim: Congas Island is a territory of Gabon (Congas Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Gabon Claims Oil-rich Islands In ICJ Clash With E.Guinea - Order Reprints - Print Article © Agence France-Presse [...] Gabon claimed sovereignty over three islands in oil-rich waters Wednesday, telling the International Court of Justice the matter had already been settled by a 1974 treaty hotly disputed by Equatorial Guinea. The two west African nations have been squabbling over the 30-hectare (74-acre) island of Mbanie and two smaller low-lying islets, Cocotier and Conga, since the early 1970s.