copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-04): Socotra (Arabic سقطرى ; Suquṭra) is an island and three islets in the Indian Ocean, an offshore territory of Yemen, near the "horn" of Somalia. [...] Additionally, high levels of pirate activity around Socotra (as reported by the U.S. Department of State)[1] make visiting the island by sea very hazardous as well. With sea and air links severed, Socotra is thus essentially inaccessible for the time being until hostilities cease. [...] Socotra is considered the jewel of biodiversity in the Arabian Sea. Although the region is small, it is characterized by unique land and marine biodiversity.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-05): What most people don’t realize at first is that the Socotra Archipelago is actually comprised of four islands and two rocky islets. Socotra Island is the largest island in the archipelago, followed by Abd al Kuri, Samha, and finally little Darsa. The islets include Kal Firun, which is two side-by-side pyramidal islets, and Sabuniya which sits fairly close to Qalansiya on the main island. Aside from Socotra Island, the only islands of the archipelago that are inhabited by humans are Abd al Kuri and Samha, though Darsa, Kal Firun, and Sabuniya are home to sizeable bird populations. [...] Access to fresh water is a problem all throughout Abd al Kuri and the Socotra Archipelago owing to the island chain’s arid conditions. In a single year, Abd al Kuri usually will see about one day of rain and no rain has come to the island since 2020 making it extra parched.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-05): Socotra is located in the Arabian Sea nearly halfway between Yemen and Somalia. About 80 million years ago during the Miocene Epoch, the island was separated from the Arabian Peninsula and left in isolation. Thanks to this long-standing isolation, Socotra was allowed to become home to one of the highest concentrations of endemic flora and fauna on Earth, putting it up in the ranks of places like the Galapagos, Hawaii, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. [...] Socotra is actually comprised of six islands. These include Abd al Kuri, Samha, Darsa, Kal Firun, and Sabuniya aside from the main island of Socotra. [...] - Samha- Samha is the smallest of the inhabited Socotra Islands and is home to a small population (I’ve seen estimates of around 100-200). There’s only one single village on Samha located on the northwest of the island. Much like Abd al Kuri, its sovereignty is disputed between Yemen and Somalia. The island is quite rugged and home to the rare endemic Begonia samhaensis.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-01): The history of Socotra describes the cultures, events, peoples and strategic relevance for sea trade of what is Socotra, an island of the Republic of Yemen, currently under control of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)-backed Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist participant in Yemen's ongoing civil war.[1] Lying between the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea and near major shipping routes, Socotra is the largest of the four islands in the Socotra archipelago. [...] - ^ Republic of Yemen, Socotra Archipelago, Proposal for inclusion in the World Heritage List - UNESCO, January 2006. [...] On Saturday, the STC announced it had seized government facilities and military bases on the main island of Socotra, a sparsely populated archipelago which sits at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden on one of the world's busiest shipping lanes.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-20): Socotra is located in the Indian Ocean and closer to Somalia than Mainland Yemen. It broke off from the Arabian Peninsula some 80 million years ago and is often called the "Galápagos of the Indian Ocean." Socotra is a treasure trove of endemic flora and fauna, meaning they are found nowhere else on Earth. Visiting Socotra is like stepping into another world, where natural beauty, unique wildlife, and rich culture create an unforgettable travel experience. The island has a total population of around 70,000 people who speak their Socotri language. Apart from the main town of Hadibo, there exists little infrastructure on the island, and visitors will spend most of their nights camping in the mountains and on desolate beaches. Socotra is a remarkable destination for camping, exploring, hiking, and immersing oneself in the natural world. [...] The reality of the situation is quite straightforward. Socotra is conflict-free. The war never came close to spreading to the island. Socotra is quite autonomous from Mainland Yemen and has been for some time. It has its own culture and language, a small population, and a lot of untamed nature.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): The Socotra Archipelago is located off the Horn of Africa, at the crossroads between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. It is recognised as a regional centre of biodiversity, with spectacular endemic species such as the Dragon Blood Tree (Dracaena cinnabari). Socotra has a rich cultural heritage, including the unique Soqotri language. Isolated from the rest of the world, traditional land and sea uses remained little changed until the 1970s. [...] Socotra is globally important for biodiversity conservation because of its exceptionally rich and distinct flora and fauna. 37% of Socotra’s plant species, 90% of its reptile species and 95% of its land snail species do not occur anywhere else in the world. Socotra is of particular importance to the Horn of Africa’s biodiversity hotspot and, as one of the most biodiversity rich and distinct islands in the world, has been termed the "Galápagos of the Indian Ocean".Socotra is particularly important for its diversity of plants and has 825 plant species of which 307 (37%) are endemic. Socotra has high importance for bird species as underlined by the identification by Birdlife International of 22 Important Bird Areas on Socotra. Socotra also supports globally significant populations of other land and sea birds, including a number of threatened species.The marine life of Socotra is also very diverse, with 253 species of reef-building corals, 730 species of coastal fish and 300 species of crab, lobster and shrimp.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-13): Socotra or Soqotra (Arabic سقطرى ; Suquṭra) is a small archipelago of four islands and islets in the northwest Indian Ocean near the Gulf of Aden. Nearly 190 nautical miles (220 mi/350 km) south of the Arabian Peninsula, the archipelago is 250 kilometers (155 mi) long, west to east, and protracts from continental Africa along the Horn of Africa. It is part of the Republic of Yemen. [...] Socotra is one of the most isolated landforms on Earth of continental origin (rather than volcanic origin). The islands of the archipelago stand on coral banks and are believed to have once been connected with the African and Arabian mainlands as part of the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana. They detached during the Middle Pliocene (ca 6 million years ago), in the same set of rifting events that opened the Gulf of Aden to its northwest.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-22): Socotra (Somali: Suqadara, Arabic: سُقُطْرَى Suquṭra) is an island east of the Horn of Africa. It lies between the Guardafui Channel and the Indian Ocean. Although Socotra belongs to Yemen, in 2018 it was taken over by the United Arab Emirates. [...] Country [change | change source]Socotra belongs to the Republic of Yemen. From late 2017 to mid-2018, Socotra was occupied by the United Arab Emirates. In 2018, the island was also occupied by Saudi Arabia. The Emiratis and later the Saudis came to Socotra because of the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present). Since 2017, Socotra is no longer under the control of the internationally recognized Yemeni government. The island is under the control of the UAE and under the authority of the sessecionist Southern Transitional Council which is supported by UAE troops.[5] [...] References [change | change source]- ↑ "Socotra islands scenery in Yemen". en.youth.cn. 25 April 2008.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-20): Nature and people in the Socotra Archipelago The Socotra Archipelago is a true treasure of Yemen, located in the western Indian Ocean near the Horn of Africa. This ancient and until recently relatively isolated part of the Arabian Peninsula is known for its exceptional biodiversity on land and in the sea. Socotra’s iconic Dragon’s Blood Trees are known worldwide and symbolize a close bond between nature and the indigenous inhabitants of the island who depend on it, and who speak their unique, endangered language. Due to its remarkable and highly vulnerable island ecosystems containing many endemics, the Socotra Archipelago was designated as a UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB) Reserve in 2003, a Ramsar Site in 2007 (Detwah Lagoon) and then as UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site in 2008. These remarkable designations came primarily as recognition of Socotra’s outstanding biodiversity richness, characterised by a high proportion of unique species living in special island habitats. In addition, the cultural landscape of Socotra has been gently shaped through natural and human influences over several millennia. However, a recent decline of that vital bond, combined with the devastating effects of climate change, unsustainable resources use and other impacts, have affected life on these islands for humans, plants and animals alike. This richly illustrated publication, based on the currently available scientific knowledge and stories from the island’s inhabitants, provides a brief overview of the rich biodiversity of the Socotra Archipelago Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage Site, highlighting the vital bond between humans and nature.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-27): Location and Values: The Socotra Archipelago is located about 250 km from the Horn of Africa, at the junction of the Western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden. It is a small group of four islands and two rocky islets, set in a diverse marine environment of coral reefs, rocky shorelines and open ocean. It has been termed the ‘Galapagos of the Indian Ocean’ on account of its extraordinary plants and other biodiversity, found nowhere else on Earth. Two thirds of the world heritage area is terrestrial with one third of it covering coastal-marine areas and reefs. It is configured as a serial site with 12 separate terrestrial areas and 25 marine sanctuaries. The main island of Socotra (approximately 135 x 33 km in size) has three rapidly-developing settlements and much of its land is used for domestic stock grazing. Nevertheless 73% of the island’s land and 50% of its coastal/marine areas (stretching 3-4 km offshore) is included within the world heritage site. All the terrestrial areas of the other islands and most of the near-shore marine areas also fall within the site.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-02-01): Socotra Archipelago, in the northwest Indian Ocean near the Gulf of Aden, is 250 km long and comprises four islands and two rocky islets which appear as a prolongation of the Horn of Africa. The site is of universal importance because of its biodiversity with rich and distinct flora and fauna: 37% of Socotra’s 825 plant species, 90% of its reptile species and 95% of its land snail species do not occur anywhere else in the world. The site also supports globally significant populations of land and sea birds (192 bird species, 44 of which breed on the islands while 85 are regular migrants), including a number of threatened species. The marine life of Socotra is also very diverse, with 253 species of reef-building corals, 730 species of coastal fish and 300 species of crab, lobster and shrimp. Read more about this site on the UNESCO World Heritage website.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-11): Socotra (Arabic سقطرى ; Suquṭra) is an archipelago consisting mainly of one large island and three smaller islands in the Indian Ocean, an offshore territory of Yemen, near the "horn" of Somalia. Understand [edit]While an integrated province of Yemen, Socotra has much in common with the East African islands. [...] See [edit]Socotra is considered the jewel of biodiversity in the Arabian Sea. Although the region is small, it is characterized by unique land and marine biodiversity.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-18): Socotra Archipelago, in the northwest Indian Ocean near the Gulf of Aden, is 250 km long and comprises four islands and two rocky islets which appear as a prolongation of the Horn of Africa. The site is of universal importance because of its biodiversity with rich and distinct flora and fauna: 37% of Socotra’s 825 plant species, 90% of its reptile species and 95% of its land snail species do not occur anywhere else in the world. The site also supports globally significant populations of land and sea birds (192 bird species, 44 of which breed on the islands while 85 are regular migrants), including a number of threatened species. The marine life of Socotra is also very diverse, with 253 species of reef-building corals, 730 species of coastal fish and 300 species of crab, lobster and shrimp. [...] De Socotra-archipel is 250 km lang en bestaat uit vier eilanden en twee rotsachtige eilandjes die een verlenging vormen van de Hoorn van Afrika. De groep eilanden ligt in het noordwesten van de Indische Oceaan in de buurt van de Golf van Aden. Er is een schat aan flora en fauna: 37% van Socotra’s 825 plantensoorten, 90% van z'n reptielensoorten en 95% van z'n landslakkensoorten komen nergens anders ter wereld voor. Ook zijn er aanzienlijke hoeveelheden land- en zeevogels (192 soorten vogels) waaronder een aantal bedreigde soorten. Verder kent Socotra 253 soorten koralen, 730 soorten vissen en 300 soorten krabben, kreeften en garnalen.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-01): On 20 March 2009, the Republic of Yemen submitted to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in accordance with Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured in respect of south east of Socotra Island. [...] On 15 July 2010, the Republic of Yemen submitted to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in accordance with Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, amended information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured in respect of south east of Socotra Island. On 18 January 2017, the Republic of Yemen submitted to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in accordance with Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, revised amended information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured in respect of south east of Socotra Island, which according to the coastal State replaces in its entirety the previous submission.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): - Covers Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and the Socotra archipelago - Features more than 2,600 illustrations on 213 stunning color plates - Provides a color distribution map for every species - Detailed species accounts on facing pages describe key identification features, similar species, geographical variation, habitat, status, and voice - Includes a glossary, identification tips, and information about habitats - Key identification features are shown more prominently in the text - Now includes an annotated distributional checklist by country and a comparison table for large white-headed gulls
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-23): Socotra, island in the Indian Ocean about 210 miles (340 km) southeast of Yemen, to which it belongs. The largest of several islands extending eastward from the Horn of Africa, it has an area of about 1,400 square miles (3,600 square km). The Hajīr (Hajhir) Mountains occupy Socotra’s interior, whereas narrow coastal plains lie in the north and a broader plain in the south. To the southwest and west are the smaller islands of Samḥah and Darzah, called al-Ikhwān ("the Brothers"), and ʿAbd al-Kūrī, all of which also belong to Yemen. The islands stand on coral banks and may once have been connected with the African and Arabian mainlands. Socotra’s flora includes several famous species, among them myrrh, frankincense, and the dragon’s blood tree. In recognition of its distinct plant and animal life, the archipelago was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008. Socotra’s name is traced to the Sanskrit dvipa-sakhadara, "island abode of bliss." The island is mentioned in various legends. The inhabitants long were Christians, but that religion disappeared from the island in the 17th century. Socotra was long ruled by the Mahra sultans of southeastern Yemen. Their rule on Socotra was interrupted by Portuguese occupation between 1507 and 1511. In 1834 the British tried and failed to purchase the island; in the 1880s, however, the sultan accepted British protection for the entire sultanate. The sultanate came to an end in 1967, when Socotra became part of independent South Yemen, and later, unified Yemen.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-18): The Socotra Archipelago lies in the north-western corner of the Indian Ocean between 12°5'N and 12°43'N and 53°0'E and 54°35'E at the junction between the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea (Fig. 1). The Archipelago includes the main island of Socotra, three smaller islands Darsa, Samha, Abd al-Kuri, and two islets Sabuniya and Kal Farun. [...] Distribution: Socotra Archipelago south to South Africa, east to Pitcairn Islands. Known in the Arabian region from Somalia (Sommer et al. 1996) and Socotra Archipelago (Zajonz et al. 2019; present study). [...] Distribution: Socotra Archipelago south to South Africa, east to Tuamotu Archipelago. Known in the Arabian region from Somalia (Sommer et al. 1996), Socotra Archipelago (Zajonz et al. 2019; present study), and Pakistan (Moazzam et al. 2017).
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-07-09): Socotra’s institutions, mostly transposed from the mainland, have undergone profound changes over the last century. Socotra used to be part of the Mahra Sultanate, in which the Sultan ruled, through his representative and a retinue of tax farmers, by fear and superstition (Elie, Reference Elie2008). The socialist government (1968–1990) integrated the cave-dwelling Bedouin in the mountains, agropastoralists in the interior plains and artisanal fishermen in the coastal areas into a civil society run by a party-controlled hierarchical system of committees. New institutions provided education, food relief and palliative health services. With unification of Yemen in 1990 freedom was obtained to practise religion, trade and travel. The village committees of the previous regime continued functioning on an informal level, alongside the new administration (Elie, Reference Elie2008). Since 2000 the Socotra archipelago has comprised two districts, which depend on the mainland Hadramout governorate: Hadibu in the centre and east with c. 32,000 inhabitants, and Qalansiya in the west with c. 12,000, and the islands of Abdul al Kuri (500 people), Samha (250 people) and Darsa (uninhabited). Most ministries (Fisheries, Agriculture, Health, Education) are represented, albeit with a low capacity.
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): Wednesday, October 27, 2010 newsinsidSomalia has claimed that the islands of Yemeni Socotra Archipelago are part of it, requesting the United Nations to determine the status of the archipelago, executive director of the Saba Center for Strategic Studies said. The unstable horn of Africa country with a transitional government receiving unlimited support from Yemen said it has the right to administer the archipelago, which lies about 340 km from the Yemeni coast, because it is located within its territory and borders, Ahmed Abdul Karim Saif made clear. 'The Somali claim is an unprecedented and dangerous indicator at a time when local activists and organizations are demanding to give Socotra a suitable status according to its geopolitical and strategic location, boost all services on it and take all necessary measures to keep other countries away from thinking of any part of Yemen.'
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-04-13): While more studies are needed to address the generality of the island effect on empirical grounds, a major stumbling block is the need of well-sampled phylogenies in both island and continental domains. The present study uses a completely sampled mainland-island system, the so-called arid clade of Hemidactylus geckos14 to test whether the patterns of phenotypic diversification in islands actually differ from those occurring in the continent. The arid clade represents a well-studied monophyletic radiation of 48 species distributed across the arid regions of northeast Africa, the Levant, Arabia, the adjoining areas of southwest Asia and, interestingly for our purposes, also in the Socotra Archipelago14,15,16,17,18 (Fig. 1). This archipelago is located in the northwestern Indian Ocean and originated as a continental fragment that detached from Arabia around 30 Ma19. It comprises two main islands, Socotra and Abd al Kuri (with areas of 3,625 km2 and 133 km2 respectively) and two small islets, Darsa and Samha (5.4 km2 and 40 km2, respectively), situated 380 km off the southeast coast of Arabia (Yemen), and approximately 100 km east of Somalia off the Horn of Africa (Fig. 1).
Claim: Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia (Socotra Archipelago, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-12): For the uninitiated, Socotra is Africa’s second-largest island. It is also of the Arabian Peninsula, though firmly adjacent — Socotri is among the few remaining South Semitic languages not subsumed into the belly of Arabic. Today there are some fifty to sixty thousand native Socotris. It has often been compared to a land-before-time, a veritable Eden, and has been labeled among the last places on earth to be truly fully explored. [...] Today, Socotra is part of Yemen, where a civil war exacerbated by foreign intervention rages. The very basic elements of the state are at best fractured, more often non-existent. The market values all of the aloes, frankincense, and Dragon’s Blood that Socotra could sustainably produce in one year less than it does a single oil well. Most of the results when searching Google Images for "Map of Yemen" even forget to include Socotra. It is peripheral even when considering a conflict whose position on the periphery has seen its tragedy all too often forgotten and ignored.