copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2024-06-20): But across the globe many women and girls still face discrimination on the basis of sex and gender. Gender inequality underpins many problems which disproportionately affect women and girls, such as domestic and sexual violence, lower pay, lack of access to education, and inadequate healthcare. [...] Often, women are the subject of gender based discrimination in the workplace. One way of illustrating this is to look at the gender pay gap. Equal pay for the same work is a human right, but time and again women are denied access to a fair and equal wage. Recent figures show that women currently earn roughly 77% of what men earn for the same work. This leads to a lifetime of financial disparity for women, prevents them from fully exercising independence, and means an increased risk of poverty in later life.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2017-12-14): About four-in-ten working women (42%) in the United States say they have faced discrimination on the job because of their gender. They report a broad array of personal experiences, ranging from earning less than male counterparts for doing the same job to being passed over for important assignments, according to a new analysis of Pew Research Center survey data. [...] Women with a bachelor’s degree or more education report experiencing discrimination across a range of items at significantly higher rates than women with less education. And in some regards, the most highly educated women stand out. While 57% of working women with a postgraduate degree say they have experienced some form of gender discrimination at work, for example, the same is true for 40% of women with a bachelor’s degree and 39% of those who did not complete college. [...] Women’s experiences with discrimination in the workplace also differ along party lines. Roughly half (48%) of working Democratic women and Democratic-leaning independents say they have experienced at least one form of gender discrimination at work, compared with a third of Republican and Republican-leaning women. These party differences hold up even after controlling for race. The partisan gap is in keeping with wide party differences among both men and women in their views of gender equality in the U.S.; a separate 2017 Pew Research Center survey found Democrats largely dissatisfied with the country’s progress toward gender equality.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2023-03-08): Working mothers bring diverse thoughts and ideas to the workplace. Much has also moved on in recent years. Most women expect to return to the workplace and want to pursue their careers. But still some barriers remain, and for many the statutory protections designed to help mothers do not fully mitigate all of the challenges they face. To ensure that the workplace is accessible and a place where mothers can thrive, and to retain key talent, employers are increasingly recognising the importance of revisiting and addressing the impact of any barriers that apply to their business. [...] Despite this, a Trade Union Congress and Mother Pukka study on flexible work revealed that almost 50% of the mothers surveyed had their request rejected or only partly accepted. In addition, 86% of the women who were working flexibly said they faced discrimination and disadvantage at work due to the fact that they worked flexibly. There were further findings that many women were worried about asking for flexible working or thought there was no point in asking for it, as their request would be turned down.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2022-03-02): However, women here do report having felt discriminated in the workplace due to being pregnant or a mother: 36% of mothers report feeling they were treated unfairly, and 50% of mothers believing their career opportunities are worse than before pregnancy. On 15 August 2016, while speaking on the BBC Radio Ulster programme Talk Back, Joeli Brearley (Pregnant then Screwed contributor) claimed that "77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination". The debate surrounding this statistic refers to an Equality and Human Rights Commission (Great Britain) report, which to be exact, stated: "Three in four mothers (77%) said they had a negative or possibly discriminatory experience during pregnancy; maternity leave; and on their return from maternity leave." [...] The aforementioned report applies to Great Britain (Scotland, Wales and England) and does not include Northern Ireland in its findings. Furthermore, this is the rate among women who report a wide range of negative experiences when surveyed. It is important to draw a distinction between cases of legal discrimination that have been brought forward and ruled upon by a tribunal, and complaints that range all the way from illegal dismissal, to unwanted comments from colleagues. 22% of mothers raised the issue, either formally or informally, with their employer.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2016-03-23): More than 70% of working mothers have experienced pregnancy or maternity-related discrimination, a new report has shown. [...] Of the 77% of mums who reported discrimination, only 3% went through their employer's internal grievance procedure and less than 1% pursued a claim to the employment tribunal. [...] "We simply cannot ignore the true scale of the hidden discrimination that working mothers face," Caroline Waters, deputy chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission said.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2023-03-08): A study by the Equality and Human Rights Commission found that 77% of working mothers surveyed had potentially discriminatory or negative experiences. For many, the statutory protections designed to help mothers are not effective in re-balancing the disadvantages faced. With most mothers being of working age, we explore what employers can do to tackle these issues in order to retain mothers in the workplace. Working mothers bring diverse thoughts and ideas to the workplace. Much has also moved on in recent years. Most women expect to return to the workplace and want to pursue their careers. But still some barriers remain, and for many the statutory protections designed to help mothers do not fully mitigate all of the challenges they face. To ensure that the workplace is accessible and a place where mothers can thrive, and to retain key talent, employers are increasingly recognising the importance of revisiting and addressing the impact of any barriers that apply to their business. [...] Despite this, a Trade Union Congress and Mother Pukka study on flexible work revealed that almost 50% of the mothers surveyed had their request rejected or only partly accepted. In addition, 86% of the women who were working flexibly said they faced discrimination and disadvantage at work due to the fact that they worked flexibly. There were further findings that many women were worried about asking for flexible working or thought there was no point in asking for it, as their request would be turned down.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2021-07-23): The research also forewarns why mothers may face increased workplace discrimination post-pandemic, according to Patrick Ishizuka, assistant professor of sociology in Arts & Sciences. [...] Previous research into employer discrimination against mothers in the hiring process has focused exclusively on college-educated women in professional and managerial occupations. Little was known about whether less educated mothers navigating the low-wage labor market experience similar disadvantages. [...] According to Ishizuka, discrimination against mothers likely results from conflict between the perceived time commitments necessary to be a "good mother" and an ideal worker. Whereas many professional and managerial workers are expected to work all the time, low-wage service workers are increasingly expected to work at any time, he said.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2016-08-20): Working mothers face different sets of challenges with regards to social identity, stigmatization, and discrimination within each stage of the employment cycle, from differential hiring practices, unequal career advancement opportunities, ineffective retention efforts, and inaccessible work-family supportive policies (Jones et al. in The Psychology for Business Success. Praeger, Westport, CT, 2013). Not only do these inequalities have negative effects on women, but they can also have a detrimental impact on organizations as a whole. In this chapter, we review several theoretical and empirical studies pertaining to the challenges faced by women throughout their work-motherhood transitions. We then offer strategies that organizations, mothers, and allies can use to effectively improve the workplace experiences of pregnant women and mothers. This chapter will specifically contribute to the existing literature by drawing on identity management and ally research from other domains to suggest additional strategies that female targets and supportive coworkers can engage into help remediate these negative workplace outcomes. Finally, we highlight future research directions aimed at testing the effectiveness of these and other remediation strategies, as well as the methodological challenges and solutions to those challenges associated with this important research domain. [...] King, E. B. (2008). The effect of bias on the advancement of working mothers: Disentangling legitimate concerns from inaccurate stereotypes as predictors of advancement in academe. Human Relations,61, 1677–1711. doi:10.1177/0018726708098082 [...] Williams, J. C., & Segal, N. (2004). Beyond the maternal wall: Relief for family caregivers who are discriminated against on the job. Harvard Women’s Law Journal,26, 77–162.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2022-01-24): Research indicates that mothers experience higher levels of discrimination across different employment settings, both formally (e.g., in pay, hiring, and promotion opportunities) and interpersonally (e.g., incivility, hostility), as compared to fathers, men without children, and women without children (Budig & England, 2001; Budig & Hodges, 2010; Correll et al., 2007; Hebl et al., 2007; Heilman & Okimoto, 2008). The obstacles that mothers face at work are often referred to as the "maternal wall," which is a metaphoric impediment to working women’s success once they have children (Barnett, 2004; Williams, 2001). As approximately 80–90% of women will become mothers during their lifetime (Johnson, 2008; Taylor et al., 2010), and a majority (70%) of mothers who have children under 18 are employed (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2019), there are widespread social and economic implications to the workplace discrimination that mothers face. [...] Practically, our findings suggest that organizations, especially hiring managers, should increase their awareness of the subtle manifestations of discrimination against working mothers beyond formally documented decisions. Indeed, subtle negative treatment can have an equally deleterious impact on working mothers’ work and health outcomes (Jones et al., 2016) and may contribute to job withdrawal and turnover in the long term. Considering maternal turnover is costly and negatively impacts organizational diversity goals, it is crucial for employers to consider approaches to reduce subtle discrimination throughout the employee lifecycle, beginning with the hiring process.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2023-03-01): About half of employed women (48%) report feeling a great deal of pressure to focus on their responsibilities at home, compared with 35% of employed men. Among working mothers with children younger than 18 in the household, two-thirds (67%) say the same, compared with 45% of working dads. When it comes to supporting their family financially, similar shares of working moms and dads (57% vs. 62%) report they feel a great deal of pressure, but this is driven mainly by the large share of unmarried working mothers who say they feel a great deal of pressure in this regard (77%). Among those who are married, working dads are far more likely than working moms (60% vs. 43%) to say they feel a great deal of pressure to support their family financially. (There were not enough unmarried working fathers in the sample to analyze separately.) About four-in-ten working parents say they feel a great deal of pressure to be successful at their job or career. These findings don’t differ by gender.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2024-07-26): Discrimination in the workplace remains a persistent issue in today’s society despite the legal strides made by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which is expressly illegal under state and federal law. Unfortunately, recent data from a Monster poll revealed that a staggering 91% of employed individuals have personally endured discrimination either by their employer, while 77% have observed discriminatory acts directed towards others while at work. Experiencing discrimination at such a heightened rate underscores the ongoing need for awareness and education surrounding illegal discrimination, its implications, and the rights and responsibilities of both employees and employers. [...] The Americans with Disabilities Act also prohibits discrimination against applicants or employees based on pregnancy related disabilities, such as gestational diabetes, which is hereditary. While pregnancy itself is not classified as a disability under the ADA, individuals develop impairments stemming from pregnancy are entitled to reasonable accommodations to address their specific needs. These laws and protections related to pregnancy collectively ensure that pregnant employees are protected from discrimination and afforded necessary accommodations to maintain their health and equal opportunities in the workplace.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2024-09-18): - 81% of women and 43% of men reported experiencing some form of sexual harassment and/or assault in their lifetime. - More than 3 in 4 women (77%) and 1 in 3 men (34%) experienced verbal sexual harassment. [...] Women are more likely to leave a job or avoid their harasser due to expectations of retaliation or other negative consequences if they should make a formal complaint. It is estimated only about 6 to 13% of people experiencing sexual harassment actually report it. In Nevada, it’s a growing problem.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2024-09-01): Workplace stress also remains at a concerning level, with 77% of workers having reported experiencing work-related stress in the last month. Further, 57% indicated experiencing negative impacts because of work-related stress that are sometimes associated with workplace burnout, such as: [...] Fundamental to the surgeon general’s framework is the principle that employees should be protected from discriminatory workplace practices. However, more than one in five (22%) indicated witnessing discrimination in their current workplace and 15% reported experiencing discrimination. In addition, nearly one-third (28%) reported having witnessed slights, insults, or jokes that devalued the identity or negated the thoughts and feelings of others based on their identity or background. Further, 19% said they were targets of such behaviors. The discrimination being experienced was not limited to race, ethnicity, or gender. For example, one respondent, a full-time, female employee from the South, stated that the aspects of her job that have a negative impact on her overall happiness, mental health and well-being are:
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2023-11-25): Saying the gender pay gap is a result of women making positive choices, rejects the idea that discrimination towards mothers exists. With 54,000 women a year losing their jobs for getting pregnant and 77% of working mums saying they have endured some kind of discrimination in the workplace, we now know that this is a massive issue, with women having their careers snatched away from them when they become mothers. We also know that this type of discrimination affects women before they get pregnant, with 40% of managers saying they would avoid hiring a women of childbearing age. Women are being discriminated against just because they have a uterus. That doesn’t sound like a positive choice to me.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2009-04-01): Key Finding: 77% of Latina Women Say Sexual Harassment is a Major Problem on the Job [...] * Women were far more likely to report they believe women are the victims of discrimination at work — 72 percent versus 48 percent of men. * 77 percent of women said sexual harassment was a major workplace problem.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2024-02-25): Wage discrimination is decreasing in the developed world, albeit slowly. And in some countries there has been little or no change. For example, according to The ILO Yearbook of Labour Statistics, in 1992 salaried women in Belgium and the Netherlands earned, respectively, 75% and 77% of what males earned - the same figure as in 1984. In Germany, female wage earners (in non-agricultural activities) in 1984 collected only 72% of what their male counterparts earned: by 1993 that figure had edged up to 74%. In France, women's earning fluctuated between 80% and 82% during the period 1984-1993. In the UK, women wage earners, who took home 69% of male earnings in 1985, saw an increase of only 2%, to 71% of male earnings. [...] In developing countries, women make up only 31% of the formal labour force. These women, however, often face discrimination and are rarely able to rely on an organization to protect their rights. The ILO has found that economic hardships in developing countries resulting from structural adjustment programmes were forcing more women into the overcrowded, informal sector as men lose jobs in the formal sector. [...] Sexual harassment is a global problem. Between 15 to 30% of working women questioned in surveys conducted in industrialized countries say they have been subjected to frequent, serious sexual harassment - unwanted touching, pinching, offensive remarks and unwelcome requests for sexual favours. These offensive and demeaning experiences often result in emotional and physical stress and related illnesses, reducing morale and productivity.
Claim: 77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination. (Joeli Brearley, 2016-08-15)
Evidence (2018-02-21): Now an online survey launched in January by a nonprofit called Stop Street Harassment offers some of that missing evidence. It found that 81 percent of women and 43 percent of men had experienced some form of sexual harassment during their lifetime. [...] The results, released in a report Wednesday, show that 77 percent of women had experienced verbal sexual harassment, and 51 percent had been sexually touched without their permission. About 41 percent said they had been sexually harassed online, and 27 percent said they had survived sexual assault. [...] However, 38 percent of women said they experienced sexual harassment at the workplace. Thirty-five percent said they had experienced it at their residence. These experiences are more likely to be assaults and the "most severe forms" of harassment, says Raj.
Claim: Northern Ireland is one of the least expensive places in the UK for childcare. (Penfold, 2023-03-11)
Evidence (2023-03-11): A survey from pensions firm Penfold suggests that the average daily rate for childcare in NI is lower than most of the UK The company stated that Northern Ireland is therefore one of the cheapest regions without taking into account other factors England, Scotland and Wales have significant government-funded childcare options that aren’t available here – and local wages are also relatively low
Claim: Northern Ireland is one of the least expensive places in the UK for childcare. (Penfold, 2023-03-11)
Evidence (2023-12-18): "Northern Ireland has been named as one of the cheapest regions in the UK for childcare costs according to a new study" [...] And, while it is not mentioned in their online study, Penfold’s press release sent to media in NI said that "Northern Ireland is one of cheapest [places to have a child, with regards to childcare]." [...] However, that does not mean that NI’s childcare is amongst the cheapest in the UK for parents and guardians, because this fails to take into account the wider help that is available, and the fact that the economic context in each country is different. Wages in Northern Ireland are relatively low, compared with other parts of the UK.
Claim: Northern Ireland is one of the least expensive places in the UK for childcare. (Penfold, 2023-03-11)
Evidence (2023-08-08): In Collier’s Top UK Residential Investment Cities Report 2021, Belfast took the take top spot in the Liveability Pillar and ranks second in its Property Pillar. House prices in Northern Ireland are much cheaper than the UK average; in mid-2021 the average house price in NI was only £159, 109 compared to £270,708 elsewhere in the UK. The region also offers the highest residential investment in rental yields: the average rental yield for a standard flat in Belfast is 8.9% compared to 7.6 % in Edinburgh and a mere 5.1% in London. [...] Northern Ireland is a destination location for investors. Belfast ranks as the 5th best investment city in the UK with recent investors such as Aflac, Agio and Insurance Office of America opening their doors. The region has also had the best economic recovery post-covid in the UK, promising a strong future. [...] If you’re considering moving back to Northern Ireland or relocating here for the first time, you won’t be disappointed. With its excellent professional opportunities, cheaper living costs and access to world-class services, Northern Ireland offers it all. And as the happiest place in the UK, you couldn’t ask for more!
Claim: Northern Ireland is one of the least expensive places in the UK for childcare. (Penfold, 2023-03-11)
Evidence (2022-10-29): Student living in Belfast: Belfast is a thriving student city, with Ulster University and Queen’s University close to the city centre. Compared to similar cities across England and Scotland, Northern Ireland’s capital is a relatively cheap place to study. [...] How expensive is Northern Ireland? Northern Ireland is comparable to the rest of the United Kingdom and Ireland. In many cases, it is cheaper to take a trip to the North rather than the South of Ireland. Travelling from Britain is affordable, and most goods and services are priced similarly to those within Scotland, England, and Wales.
Claim: Northern Ireland is one of the least expensive places in the UK for childcare. (Penfold, 2023-03-11)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Average rent in Northern Ireland is £891 per month, but prices can vary depending on the location.