copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: The EU could SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn't meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda. (Peter Imanuelsen (aka Peter Sweden), 2023-11-27)
Evidence (2023-12-19): "The EU is working on a new law to seize and scrap your car if it doesn’t meet their criteria. It’s all part of their climate agenda. The state will decide how long you will be allowed to own your car," said a post on X and Telegram by Silvano Trotta, whose false claims have repeatedly been debunked by AFP’s fact-checking team. [...] However, the proposed regulation does not grant the EU the right to "seize and scrap your car if it doesn’t meet their criteria", as the social media post claimed. [...] Finally, the social media post also claimed that "if the cost of repairing your car exceeds the value of your car, then the EU will seize it and scrap it for you". It also alleged that "if your car has missed its regular EU checkup for two years, then it is considered to be ‘waste’ and they will scrap it".
Claim: The EU could SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn't meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda. (Peter Imanuelsen (aka Peter Sweden), 2023-11-27)
Evidence (2021-04-08): - ^ European Commission, Recycling Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Claim: The EU could SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn't meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda. (Peter Imanuelsen (aka Peter Sweden), 2023-11-27)
Evidence (2024-04-09): Large item pickup would be a huge improvement for folks who don't have access to a car - just want to say thank you for considering this!
Claim: The EU could SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn't meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda. (Peter Imanuelsen (aka Peter Sweden), 2023-11-27)
Evidence (2024-09-30): One option for policymakers is to incentivize steel scrap recycling, primarily through tax and fee breaks. For instance, India has eliminated new car registration fees and is offering road tax rebates for businesses and people turning in old vehicles. And the US lets taxpayers claim accelerated depreciation for the purchase of machinery or equipment used to collect, distribute, or recycle scrap. Trade rules are another approach to expand a nation’s scrap supply. As many as 60 countries already restrict scrap exports; China is the largest and is also extremely selective about allowing only higher quality scrap to be imported. And encouraged by steel industry lobbyists, the EU is considering a series of measures to put into place protective trade regulations for scrap in the next few years.
Claim: The EU could SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn't meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda. (Peter Imanuelsen (aka Peter Sweden), 2023-11-27)
Evidence (2023-11-01): Avoiding the premature scrapping of functioning vehicles makes financial sense. Indeed, this is embedded in government plans to ban the sale of new combustion-engine cars by 2035 or before. [...] This means that an average UK driver replacing an "old banger" would pay off the carbon debt from buying a new EV within around four years, with the exact timelines depending on the fuel efficiency of the car being scrapped, annual mileage and the battery size of the new EV. [...] In early 2023, an EU rule banning the sale of new combustion-engine cars from 2035 was delayed by several weeks after Germany insisted on an exemption for cars running on "e-fuels".
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2020-04-20): Atmospheric CO2 has increased rapidly as a result of human activities. Although human-caused emissions of CO2 are small relative to natural flows into and out of the atmosphere, the human contribution has caused an imbalance in the global carbon cycle that jeopardizes land and ocean ecosystems.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Scientists know that the source of CO₂ in the atmosphere is the result of human activity (e.g. burning fossil fuels to produce electricity, transport, and industrial processes). This is because they can analyse the different isotopes of carbon in atmospheric CO₂ to understand their sources. [...] On the other hand, animals – including humans – breathe out CO₂ in the process of respiration. When plants and animals die, their stored carbon is also released as CO₂. Natural processes such as respiration and decay, forest fires and volcanic eruptions add an additional 190.2 billion tonnes of CO₂ to the atmosphere per year. [...] Humans generate CO₂ when burning fossil fuels such as gas, petrol, oil, and coal. This adds an additional 9.1 billion tonnes of CO₂ to the atmosphere each year.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2010-07-22): So, on the face of it, we humans are a significant contributor to global warming. But, in reality, the CO2 we’re breathing out is part of a natural cycle, by which our bodies convert carbohydrates from CO2-absorbing plants into energy, plus water and CO2. As such, we’re not adding any extra CO2. In contrast, burning fossil fuels like coal releases CO2 which has been locked up for millions of years, producing a net contribution to global warming.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2023-12-28): Human emissions of greenhouse gases are the primary driver of climate change today.1 CO2 and other greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide are emitted when we burn fossil fuels, produce materials such as steel, cement, and plastics, and grow the food we eat. If we want to reduce these emissions, we need to transform our energy systems, industries, and food systems. [...] How much CO2 can the world emit while keeping warming below 1.5°C and 2°C?
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2024-04-09): The more we overshoot what natural processes can remove in a given year, the faster the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide rises. In the 1960s, the global growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide was roughly 0.8± 0.1 ppm per year. Over the next half century, the annual growth rate tripled, reaching 2.4 ppm per year during the 2010s. The annual rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 60 years is about 100 times faster than previous natural increases, such as those that occurred at the end of the last ice age 11,000-17,000 years ago. [...] Natural increases in carbon dioxide concentrations have periodically warmed Earth’s temperature during ice age cycles over the past million years or more. The warm episodes (interglacials) began with a small increase in incoming sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere due to variations in Earth’s orbit around the Sun and its axis of rotation. (For more details, see the "Milankovitch cycles and ice ages" section of our Climate change: incoming sunlight article.) That little bit of extra sunlight caused a little bit of warming. As the oceans warmed, they outgassed carbon dioxide—like a can of soda going flat in the heat of a summer day. The extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere greatly amplified the initial, solar-driven warming.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2024-09-28): The ocean plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and climate. Every year, it absorbs, on average, 25% of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels and land-use change1,2. The ocean will be the main storage for most of the CO2 emitted to the atmosphere from human activities, absorbing more than half of the cumulative emissions on a timescale of 1000 years, and between 60% and 85% on timescales of 10,000 years or longer3. The ocean CO2 sink responds mainly to the increase in atmospheric CO2 and is the result of processes taking place on different timescales: the dissolution of anthropogenic CO2 at the surface, its buffering by carbonate chemistry, and its transport to the intermediate and deep ocean by ocean circulation4. This uptake is modulated by the variable growth rate in atmospheric CO25. Furthermore, the ocean carbon reservoir is also sensitive to climate variability and climate change6,7, which modulates the response of the ocean CO2 sink to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, generates variability, and can alter both the decadal rate of change and long-term storage of carbon in the ocean.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2015-05-17): It’s a well-kept secret, but 95% of the climate models we are told prove the link between human CO₂ emissions and catastrophic global warming have been found, after nearly two decades of temperature stasis, to be in error. It’s not surprising. – Maurice Newman, AC, Chair of the Prime Minister’s Business Advisory Council, writing in The Australian newspaper, May 8, 2015. [...] To understand what’s happening, it is critical to realise that the climate changes for a number of reasons in addition to CO₂. These include solar variations, volcanic eruptions and human aerosol emissions. [...] These metrics are far less sensitive to random fluctuations as they don’t suffer from the complications of heat redistribution. Moreover, over 90% of the additional heat from anthropogenic warming goes into the ocean, with only a small fraction going to raising surface temperatures.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2023-08-15): Since the onset of industrial times in the 18th century, human activities have raised atmospheric CO2 by 50% – meaning the amount of CO2 is now 150% of its value in 1750. This human-induced rise is greater than the natural increase observed at the end of the last ice age 20,000 years ago. The animated map shows how the historical changes in global carbon dioxide over time. Note the colors change as the amount of CO2 rises from 365 parts per million (ppm) in 2002 to over 420 ppm currently. It's important to understand that "parts per million" refers to the number of carbon dioxide molecules per million molecules of dry air. These measurements are from the mid-troposphere, the layer of Earth's atmosphere that is 8 to 12 kilometers (about 5 to 7 miles) above the ground. This data provides insights into the significant rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, highlighting the impact of human activities on Earth's climate. [...] This boom-and-bust cycle of plant growth gives the graph of CO2 a sawtooth pattern of ups and downs from year to year. At a larger scale, the upward climb of the trend line over the decades is caused by CO2 emissions, primarily from burning fossil fuels. Thus, the data illustrate both natural factors and human additions of CO2.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2024-09-28): Causes of the current increase [edit]Anthropogenic CO2 emissions [edit]While CO2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.[18] Anthropogenic carbon emissions exceed the amount that can be taken up or balanced out by natural sinks.[42] Thus carbon dioxide has gradually accumulated in the atmosphere and, as of May 2022, its concentration is 50% above pre-industrial levels.[2] [...] Earlier still, a 200-million year period of intermittent, widespread glaciation extending close to the equator (Snowball Earth) appears to have been ended suddenly, about 550 Ma, by a colossal volcanic outgassing that raised the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere abruptly to 12%, about 350 times modern levels, causing extreme greenhouse conditions and carbonate deposition as limestone at the rate of about 1 mm per day.[125] This episode marked the close of the Precambrian Eon, and was succeeded by the generally warmer conditions of the Phanerozoic, during which multicellular animal and plant life evolved. No volcanic CO2 emission of comparable scale has occurred since. In the modern era, emissions to the atmosphere from volcanoes are approximately 0.645 billion tons of CO2 per year, whereas humans contribute 29 billion tons of CO2 each year.[126][125][127][128]
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2023-06-12): The small fraction of CO2 in the atmosphere can be misleading: consider instead the mind-boggling amount of CO2 we’ve added. [...] What’s 424 ppm of this bottle of air? It’s 11.4 billion billion molecules of CO2, of which almost 4 billion billion were added by human activities. And any infrared radiation trying to get through our bottle—which is how the Earth gives off heat into space—will have to run the gauntlet of all those CO2 molecules, each one of which can absorb infrared light and keep it from escaping to space. [...] So don’t get distracted by how small a percentage 424 ppm is: this is still a mind-boggling amount of CO2 we’ve added to the atmosphere, and a monumental change from the 280 ppm humanity has experienced for most of our history. "These molecules are strong infrared absorbers," says Kroll, "and their concentration is going up."
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2024-01-22): Since 1751 the world has emitted over 1.5 trillion tonnes of CO2.2 To reach our climate goal of limiting average temperature rise to 2°C, the world needs to urgently reduce emissions. One common argument is that those countries that have added most to the CO2 in our atmosphere – contributing most to the problem today – should take on the greatest responsibility in tackling it. [...] As the world's largest CO2 emitter, this inaccuracy had a significant impact on global emissions estimates, resulting in a 10% overestimation. More typically, uncertainty in global CO2 emissions ranges between 2-5%.7 [...] Macknick, J. (2011). Energy and CO2 emission data uncertainties. Carbon Management, 2(2), 189-205. Available online.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2020-04-20): The claim appeared in multiple outlets, including Watts Up With That, the Daily Signal, and a Facebook post published by I Love Carbon Dioxide in April 2020. While human additions of CO2 are small relative to natural processes, atmospheric CO2 measurements are currently much higher than pre-industrialization CO2 levels and not within the "margin of error of current estimates," as described by the reviewers below[1,2]. The ocean does release CO2, but scientific evidence demonstrates that oceans have absorbed approximately 23% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions since the Industrial Revolution, thus serving as a net sink rather than a source of CO2[3,4]. This claim also fails to recognize that human-induced CO2 emissions have caused imbalances in the global carbon cycle. [...] Secondly, the claim that the increase results as "the Planet emerges from the last ice age" is wrong for multiple reasons. Firstly, ice-core atmospheric CO2 records suggest that such a strong increase (from 280ppm to 412 ppm) is unprecedented in the last 800,000 years. Secondly, these records also show that the speed at which atmospheric CO2 increases is unprecedented in the ice-core record history.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2020-04-20): Human activities have dramatically increased atmospheric CO2 levels, causing imbalances in the global carbon cycle [...] Ian Plimer incorrectly claims human-caused emissions are short-lived
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2021-12-31): The ocean’s uptake of anthropogenic carbon affects its chemistry in a process referred to as ocean acidification, which increases the concentrations of aqueous CO2, bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, and decreases pH, carbonate ion concentrations and calcium carbonate mineral saturation states (Doney et al., 2009). Ocean acidification affects a variety of biological processes with, for example, lower calcium carbonate saturation states reducing net calcification rates for some shell-forming organisms and higher CO2 concentrations increasing photosynthesis for some phytoplankton and macroalgal species (Section 3.3.2). [...] Anthropogenic CO2 emissions trigger a suite of changes that alter ocean temperature, pH and CO2 concentration, oxygen concentration and nutrient supply at global scales (Section 3.2). The response pathways of these climate-induced drivers have been investigated primarily as single variables. [...] Sulpis, O., et al., 2018: Current CaCO3 dissolution at the seafloor caused by anthropogenic CO2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 115 (46), 11700–11705, doi:10.1073/pnas.1804250115.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2019-01-17): Human beings are now dramatically changing our planet and altering the environment by modifying the global carbon cycle through anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. The CO2 concentration of air was around 280 ppm in 1750 AD (the beginning of Industrial Revolution), but it has increased over the last two centuries and is currently above 400 ppm. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere, together with water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, and others. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) intermediate RCP 6.0 scenarios (IPCC 2013b) predicts that the CO2 concentration in air will increase to 720–1000 ppm by 2100 AD and that the global mean temperature will rise by 2.6 °C. Comparison of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere with fossil-fuel burning data indicates that about 60% of fossil-fuel emissions remain in the air. The remainder is mainly absorbed by the ocean, which may provide some relief from severe warming.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2022-06-27): The strong warming at the onset of MIS11 results both in a strong increase in high-latitude terrestrial biosphere productivity and in a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration probably driven by ocean physical and chemical degassing processes. [...] Ganopolski, A. and Brovkin, V.: Simulation of climate, ice sheets and CO2 evolution during the last four glacial cycles with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity, Clim. Past, 13, 1695–1716, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1695-2017, 2017. [...] Prentice, I. C., Harrison, S. P., and Bartlein, P. J.: Global vegetation and terrestrial carbon cycle changes after the last ice age, New Phytol., 189, 988–998, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03620.x, 2011.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2020-07-15): Regionally, uncertainties in emissions may reach 40 %–60 % (e.g. for South America, Africa, China, and India; see Saunois et al., 2016). [...] 3.1.2 Total anthropogenic emissions [...] Although we recognize these emissions are potentially large (particularly tree transport from inundated soil), global estimates for each of these pathways remain highly uncertain and/or are currently ascribed here to other flux category sources (e.g. inland waters, wetlands, upland soils).
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2013-12-03): Carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates to form bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions (H+), so that increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have been decreasing the pH (acidifying) of the surface ocean (NRC, 2010c). Since the preindustrial period, pH has declined by approximately 0.1 pH unit corresponding to a 30 percent increase in acidity. By 2100, the acidity is projected to increase by 100-150 percent compared to preindustrial values. Geologic records indicate that when the increase in atmospheric CO2 is gradual, oceanic pH and carbonate levels remain relatively stable due to processes that occur in equilibrium, such as dissolution of CaCO3 shells, weathering of terrestrial rock, and tectonic processes. However, the current rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 exceeds the rate at which natural processes can buffer these pH changes.
Claim: Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. (Cole Ryan, 2020-04-20)
Evidence (2022-01-15): Last ice sheet recession and landscape emergence above sea level in east-central Sweden, evaluated using in situ cosmogenic 14C from quartz [...] Anthropogenic CO2, air-sea CO2 fluxes and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51°S-68°E) [...] Enhanced Southern Ocean CO2 outgassing as a result of stronger and poleward shifted southern hemispheric westerlies