copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-02-16): FULL CLAIM: ‘Can we abnormalize taking a healthy baby to the doctor every two months, injecting poison into his/her arm, returning home with a sick baby—and then referring [to] it as a "wellness visit". Utter madness.’ [...] Owens described vaccination as "injecting poison", which is in line with many anti-vaccination claims that mislead about the safety of vaccine ingredients. Health Feedback has addressed several of these claims previously: [...] The childhood vaccine schedule is designed to protect against various infectious diseases. Contrary to the misleading claim of "injecting poison", vaccines are carefully formulated to train the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens without causing the disease.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2022-10-10): The jury heard she injected insulin, milk or air into her tiny victims, who included twins. [...] A police investigation found two baby boys were poisoned with insulin within days of being born, the court heard.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2023-10-25): Malashenko, Uliana. "Fact Check: Vitamin K Shots Do NOT ‘Poison’ Babies — They Protect Newborns From Life-Threatening Events." Lead Stories. 25 Aug 2023.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-09-10): Prosecutors said she harmed babies in ways that left little trace, including injecting air into their bloodstreams, administering air or milk into their stomachs via nasogastric tubes, poisoning them with insulin and interfering with breathing tubes.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2023-08-18): Letby deliberately injected babies with air, force fed others milk and poisoned two of the infants with insulin.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2022-10-11): He said that when doctors couldn't find a cause, police were called in and conducted a review that suggested someone in the neonatal unit had poisoned two infant boys with insulin two days after they were born. The two boys' blood sugar levels dropped to dangerous levels, Johnson said, but both survived after help from medical staff.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-10-07): A British doctor on Monday admitted trying to kill his mother's long-term partner, who stood between him and an inheritance, by injecting the man with poison disguised as a COVID-19 vaccine.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-10-07): LONDON (AP) — A British doctor on Monday admitted trying to kill his mother’s long-term partner, who stood between him and an inheritance, by injecting the man with poison disguised as a COVID-19 vaccine.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2023-08-18): Lucy Letby, 33, harmed babies in her care by injecting air into their blood and stomachs, overfeeding them with milk, physically assaulting them and poisoning them with insulin, Manchester Crown Court in northern England heard.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2022-10-10): Nurse Lucy Letby poisoned babies with insulin, trial told - Published A "poisoner was at work" at a hospital where there was a "significant rise" in the number of healthy babies dying, a court has heard.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2022-10-10): Nurse Lucy Letby poisoned babies with insulin, trial told A "poisoner was at work" at a hospital where there was a "significant rise" in the number of healthy babies dying, a court has heard.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2023-06-05): Lucy Letby denies poisoning babies with insulin
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2023-06-05): Lucy Letby denies poisoning babies with insulin - Published
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2023-08-19): Dr Das describes the case of Beverley Allitt - the nurse known as the "Angel of Death" who murdered four babies and attempted to kill others in Grantham, Lincolnshire, in 1991 - as "eerily similar" in terms of how the children were attacked. Letby injected air into babies' bloodstreams and overdosed them with insulin, as did Allitt. [...] This conditioning can be even higher for women, as women make up such a small percentage of killers, she adds. "This is a feminine form of abuse, even though there are quite a few male doctors and male nurses who engage in healthcare serial killing. We as a society recognise masculine forms of violence - bludgeoning, shooting, stabbing, strangling, raping, those kinds of acts are overtly aggressive. What we as a society do not recognise are the covert or the feminine forms of violence - smothering, injecting, poisoning."
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-02-16): Factually inaccurate: Childhood vaccines have saved hundreds of thousands of lives in the U.S. alone and save millions every year globally. Describing them as poison that turns a healthy baby into a sick one contradicts the scientific evidence showing the protection that vaccines provide against illness. [...] Owens described vaccination as "injecting poison", which is in line with many anti-vaccination claims that mislead about the safety of vaccine ingredients. Health Feedback has addressed several of these claims previously: [...] The childhood vaccine schedule is designed to protect against various infectious diseases. Contrary to the misleading claim of "injecting poison", vaccines are carefully formulated to train the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens without causing the disease.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2021-06-21): "The doctors would inject poison directly into the baby's skull to kill it," Chen says, drawing on recordings he made of interviews with hundreds of women and their families in Linyi. "Other doctors would artificially induce labor. But some babies were alive when they were born and began crying. The doctors strangled or drowned those babies."
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-07-10): The prosecution alleged there were two principal ways in which Letby inflicted harm: insulin poisoning and injecting air into babies to cause a fatal air embolism.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-06-18): Depending on your case, your doctor may give you steroid injections along with pain medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or devices such as canes and braces.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-06-20): Leuprolide injection comes as a long-acting suspension that is injected intramuscularly (into a muscle) by a doctor or nurse in a medical office or clinic and is usually given once a month or every 1, 3, 4, or 6 months depending on the product chosen for you (Lupron Depot-PED, Lupron Depot, leuprolide acetate for suspension). Leuprolide injection also comes as a long-acting suspension that is injected subcutaneously (just under the skin) by a doctor or nurse in a medical office or clinic and is usually given every 1, 3, 4, or 6 months depending on the product chosen for you (Camcevi, Eligard, Fensolvi). Your doctor will tell you how long your treatment with leuprolide injection will last. When used in children with precocious puberty, leuprolide injection (Lupron Depot-PED, Lupron Depot-PED-3 month, Fensolvi) will likely be stopped by your child's doctor before 11 years of age in girls and 12 years of age in boys. [...] In children receiving leuprolide injection for precocious puberty, new or worsening symptoms of sexual development may occur during the first few weeks of treatment. In girls receiving leuprolide injection for precocious puberty, the onset of menstruation or spotting (light vaginal bleeding) may occur during the first two months of treatment. If bleeding continues beyond the second month, call your doctor.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2024-04-09): In children weighing 15 kg (33 lb) to less than 30 kg (66 lb), the first dose is two 300-mg injections given at one time. Then, they would receive one 300-mg injection once every 4 weeks. [...] In children weighing 15 kg (33 lb) to less than 30 kg (66 lb), the recommended dosage is a 300-mg injection once every 4 weeks.
Claim: Doctors are ‘injecting poison’ into babies every two months. (Candace Owens, 2024-02-16)
Evidence (2022-09-15): A Dallas anesthesiologist who allegedly injected nerve blocking agents and other drugs into patient IV bags at a local surgery center – resulting in at least one death and multiple cardiac emergencies – was arrested Wednesday on federal criminal charges, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Brian M. Boynton, head of the Justice Department’s Civil Division, and U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas Chad E. Meacham announced today.
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2023-08-12): Water vapor is fundamentally different from the other greenhouse gasses which directly cause global warming. It leaves the atmosphere in a matter of days and its atmospheric concentration is ultimately governed by temperature. It is critical for the natural greenhouse effect, but it is a negligible contributor to the enhanced greenhouse effect. We already know, beyond any reasonable doubt, that human emissions of the other greenhouse gasses is the primary cause of global warming.
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2021-09-28): Water Vapor—The Major Greenhouse Gas [...] Among all of the planets in our solar system, Earth is unique in that its ‘solid’ surface is mostly covered by the liquid form of H2O, water. A much smaller amount of H2O is in the solid phase, ice, concentrated in the Polar Regions. A much smaller fraction of H2O is present in its gaseous phase, as vapor in the atmosphere where it acts as a greenhouse gas. [...] Hay, W.W. (2021). Water Vapor—The Major Greenhouse Gas.
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2022-11-01): While most GHGs are naturally occurring, human activities have also been leading to a problematic increase in the amount of GHG emitted and their concentration in the atmosphere. This increased concentration, in turn, can lead to adverse effects on climate. Effects include increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events – including flooding, droughts, wildfires and hurricanes – that affect millions of people and cause trillions in economic losses. [...] Water vapour is the most abundant GHG in the atmosphere and is the biggest overall contributor to the greenhouse effect. However, almost all the water vapour in the atmosphere comes from natural processes. Human emissions are very small and thus relatively less impactful. [...] However, GHGs, unlike other atmospheric gases such as oxygen and nitrogen, are opaque to outgoing infrared radiation. As the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere increases due to human-caused emissions, energy radiated from the surface becomes trapped in the atmosphere, unable to escape the planet. This energy returns to the surface, where it is reabsorbed.
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2012-12-13): Water vapor is a powerful greenhouse gas. The amount of water vapor in the air depends on temperature. Its saturation level doubles with every 10 °C increase in temperature. Its concentration also depends on availability of sources such as water surfaces and vegetation. Because of its strong temperature dependence its role as a greenhouse gas is limited to the equatorial region and the tropics diminishing to nil in the polar regions. [...] Hay, W.W. (2013). In: Experimenting on a Small Planet. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28560-8_19
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2020-10-23): Ozone is also a greenhouse gas, but it differs from other greenhouse gases in several ways. The effects of ozone depend on its altitude, or where the gas is located vertically in the atmosphere. Most ozone naturally exists in the layer of the atmosphere called the stratosphere, which ranges from approximately 6 to 30 miles above the Earth’s surface. Ozone in the stratosphere has a slight net warming effect on the planet, but it is good for life on Earth because it absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the Earth’s surface. In the troposphere—the layer of the atmosphere near ground level—ozone is an air pollutant that is harmful to breathe, a main ingredient of urban smog, and an important greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change (see the Climate Forcing indicator). Unlike the other major greenhouse gases, tropospheric ozone only lasts for days to weeks, so levels often vary by location and by season. [...] Loulergue, L., A. Schilt, R. Spahni, V. Masson-Delmotte, T. Blunier, B. Lemieux, J.-M. Barnola, D. Raynaud, T.F. Stocker, and J. Chappellaz. 2008. Orbital and millennial-scale features of atmospheric CH4 over the past 800,000 years. Nature 453:383–386. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/loulergue2008/loulergue2008.html. [...] Battle, M., M. Bender, T. Sowers, P. Tans, J. Butler, J. Elkins, J. Ellis, T. Conway, N. Zhang, P. Lang, and A. Clarke. 1996. Atmospheric gas concentrations over the past century measured in air from firn at the South Pole. Nature 383:231–235. ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/global_climate/global_N_cycle/data/global_N_perturbations.txt.
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2016-04-26): The five most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, listed in decreasing order of average global mole fraction, are:[5][6] water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone. Other greenhouse gases of concern include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs and HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons, SF 6, and NF 3. Water vapor causes about half of the greenhouse effect, acting in response to other gases as a climate change feedback.[7] [...] Special role of water vapor [edit]Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas overall, being responsible for 41–67% of the greenhouse effect,[31][32] but its global concentrations are not directly affected by human activity. While local water vapor concentrations can be affected by developments such as irrigation, it has little impact on the global scale due to its short residence time of about nine days.[34] Indirectly, an increase in global temperatures cause will also increase water vapor concentrations and thus their warming effect, in a process known as water vapor feedback. It occurs because Clausius–Clapeyron relation establishes that more water vapor will be present per unit volume at elevated temperatures.[35] Thus, local atmospheric concentration of water vapor varies from less than 0.01% in extremely cold regions and up to 3% by mass in saturated air at about 32 °C.[36]
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2024-03-31): Water vapor is also the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Heat radiated from Earth's surface is absorbed by water vapor molecules in the lower atmosphere. The water vapor molecules, in turn, radiate heat in all directions. Some of the heat returns to the Earth's surface. Thus, water vapor is a second source of warmth (in addition to sunlight) at the Earth's surface. These maps show the average amount of water vapor in a column of atmosphere in a given month. The units are given in centimeters, which is the equivalent amount of water that could be produced if all the water vapor in the column were to condense. The lowest amounts of water vapor (0 centimeters) appear in white, and the highest amounts (6 centimeters) appear in dark blue. Areas of missing data appear in shades of gray. The maps are based on data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on NASA's Aqua satellite. [...] Another pattern that shows up in the time series is that water vapor amounts over land areas decrease more in winter months than adjacent ocean areas do. This is largely because air temperatures over land drop more in the winter than temperatures over the ocean. Water vapor condenses more rapidly in colder air.
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2020-10-01): Greenhouse gases are gases—like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, and nitrous oxide—that keep the Earth warmer than it would be without them. The reason they warm the Earth has to do with the way energy enters and leaves our atmosphere. When energy from the sun first reaches us, it does so mainly as light. But when that same energy leaves the Earth, it does so as infrared radiation, which we experience as heat. Greenhouse gases reflect infrared radiation, so some of the heat leaving the Earth bounces off the greenhouse gases in our atmosphere and comes back to the Earth’s surface. This is called the "greenhouse effect," in a comparison to the heat-trapping glass on a greenhouse. [...] For climate change, the most important greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, which is why you hear so many references to "carbon" when people talk about climate change. There are three main reasons CO2 is so central to the global warming happening today. First, there is just so much of it: we now add over 35 billion tons of CO2 to the atmosphere every year, mostly by burning carbon-rich fuel like coal and oil that had previously been trapped in the ground. Second, it lasts a long time in the atmosphere. The CO2 we emit today will stay above us reflecting heat for hundreds of years. This means that, even if we stop all new CO2 emissions tomorrow, it will take many lifetimes before the warming effect of our past emissions fades away.
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2023-09-13): Some people mistakenly believe water vapour is a driver of Earth’s current warming. But as I explain below, water vapour is part of Earth’s hydrological cycle and plays an important role in the natural greenhouse effect. Its rise is a consequence of the atmospheric warming caused by our emissions arising especially from burning fossil fuels. [...] Water vapour is a powerful greenhouse gas. Since the 1970s, its rise likely increased global heating by an amount comparable to that from rising carbon dioxide. We are now seeing the consequences. In many ways, water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas as it makes Earth habitable. But human-induced climate change is primarily caused by increases in the long-lived greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2023-04-27): We can thank water vapor for about half of the "greenhouse effect" keeping heat from the sun inside our atmosphere.1 "It’s the most important greenhouse gas in our climate system, because of its relatively high concentrations," says Kerry Emanuel, professor emeritus of atmospheric science at MIT. "It can vary from almost nothing to as much as 3% of a volume of air." Compare that to CO2, which today makes up about 420 parts per million of our atmosphere—0.04%—and you can see immediately why water vapor is such a linchpin of our climate system. [...] But water vapor differs in one crucial way from other greenhouse gases like CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide. Those greenhouse gases are always gases (at least when they’re in our atmosphere). Water isn’t. It can turn from a gas to a liquid at temperatures and pressures very common in our atmosphere, and so it frequently does. When it’s colder it falls from the air as rain or snow; when it’s hotter it evaporates and rises up as a gas again.
Claim: Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming (Facebook users, 2023-08-12)
Evidence (2023-04-27): When hearing the words "greenhouse gas," most people think immediately of carbon dioxide. This is indeed the greenhouse gas that is currently producing the greatest impact on the Earth’s rapidly changing climate. But it is far from the only one making its mark, and for mitigating climate change it’s important to be able to compare the effects of the various gases that contribute to warming the planet. [...] Gases are not the only contributors to the greenhouse effect: Black carbon, otherwise known as soot, as well as some other particulate matter can also play a role. But such materials have even shorter residence times, typically just days or weeks, as they tend to be flushed out of the air by the next rainfall. Which brings us to the biggest greenhouse gas of all: water vapor. There’s no doubt that water vapor is responsible for more greenhouse warming than any other atmospheric constituent. But water vapor’s behavior depends on the climate, so it is not a driver of climate change but rather an amplifying feedback, since the water cycle is a constant part of the atmospheric circulation. As the air gets warmer, it can hold more water vapor, so a warming climate leads to more vapor in the air, providing a feedback effect — and potentially leading to dramatic changes in rainfall patterns. But, water vapor only stays around until the next rainfall. "Water vapor is a slave to the climate system, it’s not a master," Solomon says.