copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: COVID-19 is caused by snake venom, not a virus; snake venom is in the COVID-19 vaccines and causes miscarriage (Bryan Ardis, 2023-05-12)
Evidence (2022-04-25): Conspiracies Show No Sign Of Slowing; Film Claims Covid Is Venom, Not Virus [...] Fact Check: COVID-19 Is Snake Venom, Claims Anti-Vax Documentary A new anti-vaccine documentary ridiculously claims that the coronavirus is not a virus, but a synthetic version of snake venom that evil forces are spreading through remdesivir, the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and drinking water to "make you a hybrid of Satan." The 48-minute film, released April 11, is the latest in an expanding genre of mega-viral, conspiracy-laden videos made in the mold of the "Plandemic" video from May 2020. Its title, "Watch the Water," is a nod to a favorite refrain of the QAnon conspiracy theory, which is centered around the belief that a secret cabal of Satan-worshipping pedophiles is running a global sex-trafficking ring. (McCarthy, 4/22)
Claim: COVID-19 is caused by snake venom, not a virus; snake venom is in the COVID-19 vaccines and causes miscarriage (Bryan Ardis, 2023-05-12)
Evidence (2022-12-20): Pregnancy outcomes often depend on different factors. Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect (called the background risk). Also, miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. For snake bites in particular, such factors that can affect outcomes include the amount of venom a pregnancy is exposed to, gestational age at the time of the bite, and when treatment is started, how long it lasts, and quality of treatment. Information on snake bites in pregnancy is limited. There are case reports that describe issues such as hydrocephalus (an abnormal buildup of fluid in the ventricles in the brain), intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding in the skull), reduced fetal movements, placental abruption (when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery), miscarriage, stillbirth, and maternal death. While case reports do not establish that the snake venom caused these issues, treating a snake bite is important.
Claim: COVID-19 is caused by snake venom, not a virus; snake venom is in the COVID-19 vaccines and causes miscarriage (Bryan Ardis, 2023-05-12)
Evidence (2022-01-19): The active ingredients are the parts of the vaccine made from viruses or bacteria, sometimes also called ‘antigens’. They challenge the immune system so that it makes antibodies to fight the disease - see our animation on 'How do vaccines work?'. [...] Some vaccines contain whole bacteria or viruses. In these cases, the bacteria or viruses will either be severely weakened (attenuated) so that they cannot cause disease in healthy people, or killed altogether (inactivated). Many vaccines contain only parts of viruses or bacteria, usually proteins or sugars from the surface. These stimulate the immune system but cannot cause disease. See our page on 'Types of vaccine'. [...] The Department for Social Justice of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales released a statement addressing the use of HEK-293 cells in the COVID-19 vaccine. They say that "one may in good conscience and for a grave reason receive a vaccine sourced in this way", and "that one does not sin by receiving the vaccine".
Claim: COVID-19 is caused by snake venom, not a virus; snake venom is in the COVID-19 vaccines and causes miscarriage (Bryan Ardis, 2023-05-12)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Stew Peters is an American far-right media personality who is known for promoting COVID-19 misinformation and conspiracy theories. He has referred to the vaccine as a "bio-weapon", claimed that the COVID-19 vaccines are responsible for the deaths of people, and has called for "the people in our government responsible" to be "put on trial and executed". He has been banned from Spotify for his disproven claims.[22][23] Peters has previously produced the anti-vaccine film Watch the Water, which purports that COVID-19 vaccines are derived from snake venom in order to transform people into "a hybrid of Satan".[24] [...] - ^ McCarthy, Bill (April 21, 2022). "Radio host Stew Peters' 'Watch the Water' film ridiculously claims COVID-19 is snake venom". Poynter Institute. Archived from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022. [...] A graph in the film showing stillbirths shooting up around 2021, making the unsupported suggestion Covid vaccines are causing miscarriages, looks shocking. The film-makers don't provide a source, though. Although the voiceover claims the data is from Waterloo, Canada, genuine data from Ontario, the province Waterloo is part of, has not seen any increase in stillbirths, according to Dr Victoria Male, a reproductive immunologist. In fact, a large study found a "lower (not higher) rate of stillbirth among those vaccinated in pregnancy, compared to those who were not," she said.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2023-07-14): Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that commonly becomes apparent in early childhood. ASD affects the ability of the autistic person to behave, interact, and communicate. Individuals with ASD don’t all exhibit the same symptoms or the same severity of symptoms. To account for this diversity, the criteria for diagnosing ASD have evolved and broadened over time, which may result in an increase in the number of cases diagnosed each year. The scientific evidence overwhelmingly shows that vaccines don’t cause autism.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-08-12): Guide health care providers in determining recommended vaccines for each age group. Stay up-to-date on getting recommended vaccines. View and print CDC immunization schedules for adult...
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2023-08-08): Holly A. Hill, MD, PhD, David Yankey, PhD, James A. Singleton, PhD, Laurie Elam-Evans, PhD, Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [...] - Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern Epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1998.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-02-09): Increasing vaccination rates to achieve these targets could result, over the course of 30 years, in an additional 33 million averted disease cases, a saving of $96 billion in costs, and nearly $83 billion in incremental vaccination costs5. The impact of VPDs also goes beyond measurable economic impacts as older adults play an invaluable role in the informal economy, offering childcare, and financial and emotional support6. Such contributions cannot be quantified through economic analyses alone. [...] To date, the limited variety of adult vaccines—just seven recommended by the CDC—has made managing vaccination schedules relatively straightforward (Supplementary Fig. 2). This has fostered a ‘there’s always next year’ attitude among patients. However, the increasing number of vaccines threatens to disrupt this status quo. Currently, adults aged 50 and 65 years old could be advised to receive a maximum of 2.8 and 3.5 of recommended vaccines, respectively, in a single visit depending on risk factors. These estimates were based on 50- or 65-year-old Americans (assuming average lifespan) who require all adult vaccinations, and who only received vaccines at annual appointments. In 10 years, we estimate that the number of recommended doses for adults aged 50 and 65 years is expected to increase to 5.6 and 6.4 per year, respectively. [...] Rand, C. M. & Goldstein, N. P. N. Patterns of primary care physician visits for US adolescents in 2014: implications for vaccination. Acad. Pediatr.18, S72–S78 (2018).
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-10-02): - CDC helps reduce differences in vaccine access and uptake through activities and partnerships. - Why vaccine equity is important - How to achieve vaccine equity - What CDC is doing to improve access to vaccines [...] What CDC is Doing
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-08-10): CDC is committed to helping health care professionals improve adult vaccination rates and reduce the number of missed opportunities for vaccinations. A Call to Action: Protect all adults from vaccine-preventable diseases [...] The Community Guide: Vaccination Programs
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2022-12-08): Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that can cause significant social, communicative, and behavioral difficulties. With autism rates rising dramatically in recent years, researchers and concerned parents have theorized the causes of autism, and the subject has received much attention. Is the high rate of autism now due to increased diagnosis and reporting, changing autism definitions, or a rise in the number of people with ASD? People started to blame vaccines as a cause of the increased number of people with ASD. Vaccines and their connection to autism have been the subject of continuous debate. Some parents are concerned that vaccines, particularly the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and preservatives used in other childhood vaccines, may play a role in developing autism in their children. This systemic review explores the link between vaccination and autism in children. We conducted a literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar. We included papers written in the English language from 1998 to 2022, conducting human research that examines the relationship between vaccination and the development of autism using appropriate quality assessment tools. Two reviewers independently reviewed the content of the included studies. In total, 21 studies were deemed eligible. [...] Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Vaccine. 2014 Jun 17;32(29):3623-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085. Epub 2014 May 9. Vaccine. 2014. PMID: 24814559 -
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2016-08-29): Viral image perpetuates misconception that vaccines cause autism [...] To vet this claim of causality between vaccines and autism, we consulted Dennis Cunningham, an associate professor of clinical pediatrics at the Ohio State University. He is on the physician team on infectious diseases at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. [...] The problem with this claim, however, is putting the two numbers together to lead people to believe that vaccines are causing the increase in autism rates. A pediatrician and specialist in infectious diseases said that any connection between vaccines (with or without thimerosal) and autism has been thoroughly dismissed through more than two dozen peer-reviewed studies.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-02-20): The prevalence of autism in the United States has risen steadily since researchers first began tracking it in 2000. The rise in the rate has sparked fears of an autism ‘epidemic.’ But experts say the bulk of the increase stems from a growing awareness of autism and changes to the condition’s diagnostic criteria. [...] Increased awareness of autism has undoubtedly contributed to its rise in prevalence, Durkin says. [...] Greater awareness of autism is also likely to boost CDC estimates by increasing the chances that autism traits, such as lack of eye contact, show up in school and medical records, says Fombonne.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2018-05-01): In the present study, within each recommended age category of vaccination before age 10 years, younger siblings of children with ASD were significantly more likely to be undervaccinated compared with younger siblings of children without ASD, suggesting that the ASD diagnosis of the older sibling may have contributed to the undervaccination of the younger children. Knowing that younger siblings of children with ASD are at higher risk for ASD34-37 may have led some parents of children with ASD to either delay or refuse vaccinations for the younger siblings. It is also possible that health care professionals may have been more likely to assign the code for vaccine refusal for the siblings of children with ASD when they know that the family has a child with ASD. Parents of children with ASD may also delay or alter the vaccination schedule of their younger children because of concerns that vaccines may have had a role in causing the ASD of the older siblings27,30; this is despite considerable scientific evidence that vaccines do not cause autism. [...] F. MMR vaccine and autism: a review of the evidence for a causal association. [...] CP, et al. Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-08-09): Medical and public health experts review available data on newly licensed and existing vaccines. These experts, who include vaccine experts, scientists, doctors, and public health professionals, form the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). [...] The final vaccine recommendations include the - Number of doses of each vaccine, - Timing between each dose, - Age when infants and children should receive the vaccine, and - Precautions and contraindications (who should not receive the vaccine). CDC sets the immunization schedules based on ACIP's recommendations. The childhood and adolescent schedules are also approved by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The adult schedule is also approved by the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American College of Physicians, and the American College of Nurse-Midwives.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2023-04-26): Biological plausibility: A causal association (or relationship between two factors) consistent with existing medical knowledge. [...] Causal association: Listen [MP3] [...] The process of being made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. It implies that a vaccine will trigger an immune response.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-10-02): CDC released the 2022 recommended immunization schedules for children and adolescents, as well as for adults, on its website. February 18, 2022 [...] Vaccine Court ruled that the MMR vaccine, when administered with thimerosal-containing vaccines, does not cause autism. February 12, 2009 [...] The eighth and final report of the Immunization Safety Review Committee was issued by the Institute of Medicine. The report concluded that the body of epidemiological evidence favors the rejection of a causal relationship between the MMR vaccine (and thimerosal-containing vaccines) and autism. 2004
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-02-07): Do Vaccines or Thimerosal Cause Autism? No. Many studies have found no link between vaccines and autism. And a 2004 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) found that thimerosal (an organic mercury compound used as a preservative in vaccines since the 1930s) does not cause autism. Recent studies have not shown any cognitive and behavioral problems in babies who have gotten thimerosal-containing vaccines. And now, vaccines for infants and young children contain no or very little thimerosal. [...] There are concerns, many of which circulate on the Internet, linking some vaccines to multiple sclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and other problems. To date, studies have not shown any connection between vaccines and these conditions. SIDS cases have actually dropped by more than 50% in recent years, while the number of vaccines given yearly continues to rise.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-01-01): According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated one in 36 children has been identified with autism spectrum disorder. [...] Certain medications, such as valproic acid and thalidomide, when taken during pregnancy, have been linked with a higher risk of autism as well.2 Having a sibling with autism also increases the likelihood of a child being diagnosed with autism. Parents being older at the time of pregnancy is additionally linked with greater risk of autism. Vaccines on the other hand have not been shown to increase the likelihood of an autism diagnosis, and race, ethnicity or socioeconomic status does not seem to have a link either. Male children tend to be diagnosed with autism more often than those assigned female sex at birth. [...] - Connect with other parents of children with autism and resources in your community.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-01-01): If a child shows developmental differences in behavior or functioning during this screening process, the health care provider may refer the child for additional evaluation. [...] Because ASD is a complex disorder that sometimes occurs with other illnesses or learning disorders, the comprehensive evaluation may include:
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2020-12-22): Despite widespread misleading reporting about links between the measles–mumps–rubella vaccine and autism from the end of the 1990s, there is no evidence that any vaccines or their components cause autism101,102. Indeed, the evidence now overwhelmingly shows that there is no increased risk of autism in vaccinated populations. Thiomersal (also known as thimerosal) is an ethyl mercury-containing preservative that has been used widely in vaccines since the 1930s without any evidence of adverse events associated with it, and there is also no scientific evidence of any link between thiomersal and autism despite spurious claims about this102. Thiomersal has been voluntarily withdrawn from most vaccines by manufacturers as a precautionary measure rather than because of any scientific evidence of lack of safety and is currently used mainly in the production of whole-cell pertussis vaccines.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-08-28): Recommendations for Healthcare Providers [...] Additional Information for the Public: [...] Additional Information for Healthcare Providers:
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2023-07-20): Incorrect: Many scientific studies have shown that vaccines don’t cause autism. Implications to the contrary are thus contradicted by scientific evidence. Flawed reasoning: The claim is based on the observation that both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and the number of autism cases increased over the years. However, a correlation between two phenomena doesn’t mean that one causes the other. [...] While autism diagnoses have also increased during the same period, this doesn’t mean that vaccines cause autism. On the contrary, the weight of scientific evidence overwhelmingly shows that vaccination isn’t associated with autism. The most plausible explanation for the rise in autism diagnoses so far is a broader diagnostic criteria thanks to improved understanding of the condition, rather than an actual rise in the incidence of autism in the population. An increase in public awareness of ASD is also likely to drive this trend.
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2024-08-15): Whether vaccines are linked to autism [...] I've heard some parents say their child's behavior changed after vaccines; how do you know vaccines don't cause autism? If parents raise other possible hypotheses linking vaccines to autism, three items are key:
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2018-04-27): Enter your email address Subscribe Form error message goes here. Thank you. Please check your inbox to confirm. Meanwhile, any increase in the autism rate is met with a strong public scrutiny, as parents of children with the conditions continue to look, sometimes in alternative places, for a cause and cure. This year also marks two decades since The Lancet published a now retracted study by Dr. Andrew Wakefield that falsified a link between measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism. Since its publication, dozens of studies have looked into any possible link between the measles vaccine and autism, and the evidence overwhelming shows no link. After Wakefield’s study, the autism advocacy and medical communities endured a strained relationship, said Dr. Susan Hyman, division chief of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at the University of Rochester Medical Center. Just last autumn, a study found children whose older siblings have autism are about 14 percent less likely to be vaccinated than siblings of those without the disorder. "Parents are still afraid because when you put that scary idea out there, it’s hard to put it back in," said Alison Singer, president of the Autism Science Foundation (ASF).
Claim: The increase in both the number of vaccines in the CDC schedule and in autism rates implies that vaccines cause autism (Grant Cardone, 2023-07-14)
Evidence (2023-01-26): Precisely what those other factors are is still unknown, but researchers are at least clear on one fact: Autism has nothing to do with vaccines. "We know for sure, for so many years now, that vaccines don’t cause autism," said Santhosh Girirajan, an associate professor at Pennsylvania State University who studies the genetic underpinnings of neurodevelopmental disorders and wasn't involved in the new study. [...] "A reduction in disparities has led to increases in autism [rates], but that doesn't mean that the disparities have disappeared," said an author of the new study, Josephine Shenouda, an epidemiologist at Rutgers.