copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-27): On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Territorial Collectivity of Guyana’s Country-office in Paramaribo, the President of the Republic of Suriname, Chandrikapersad Santokhi, accompanied by his wife, Melissa Santokhi, gave a speech at the Residence of France. Together with the French ambassador to Suriname and Guyana and Mrs Mirta Tani, territorial councillor of the CTG in charge of cross-border cooperation, the close and growing links between the two banks of the Maroni river were recalled. The Territorial Collectivity of French Guiana’s office in Paramaribo has existed since November 2013. With Anne Mathieu as head of mission, exchanges between Suriname and France, and at regional level with French Guiana, have gained momentum.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-25): Land Use Changes and Ecosystem Services Supply in Transboundary River Basins. The Case of the Maroni River (French Guiana/Suriname) [...] The Maroni River in the Guiana Shield marks the border between French Guiana and Suriname. In the Maroni River Basin, as in many transboundary river basins of the world, socio-political borders criss-cross through natural ecosystems and hence intersect through ecological boundaries. As neighbouring countries share ecosystems, they also share inherent ecosystem processes, functions and, hence, the ecosystem services (ES) that these areas provide. However, life and land uses are changing in the river basin. A growing need for land, urbanization, a decrease of shifting cultivation patterns towards smallholder agriculture and a run for gold put pressure on natural ecosystems. [...] How to cite: Sieber, I. M., Campagne, S., and Burkhard, B.: Land Use Changes and Ecosystem Services Supply in Transboundary River Basins. The Case of the Maroni River (French Guiana/Suriname), EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-13353, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-13353, 2022.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-12-02): Guyana, delimited by its border rivers, the Oyapock and the Maroni, is a French Amazonian territory in South America, remarkable for its rich biodiversity. The Guyanese coastline, which stretches for 350 km between the estuaries of these two rivers, is extremely unstable, constantly modified by mud banks formed by sediments carried from the Amazon delta in Brazil which move along sides. One of the best preserved mangroves in the world is developing there, at the heart of considerable ecological challenges due to its role as nursery and nursery for many species and its ability to store carbon. Very productive in terms of fishing, the Guyanese maritime fringes are under heavy pressure on fishery resources while numerous socio-environmental changes are taking place under the effect of strong demographic growth and significant human migration. Guyana must therefore meet many environmental, human and economic challenges today. This richly illustrated book is both a showcase of the Guyanese coastline and these exceptional estuaries, and an invitation to rethink the interactions between man and his environment.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Purpose: Over the past decade, the Amazon basin has faced numerous infectious epidemics. Our comprehension of the actual extent of these infections during pregnancy remains limited. This study aimed to clarify the clinical and epidemiological features of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases during pregnancy in western French Guiana and along the Maroni River over the previous nine years.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-01): Land Use Changes and Ecosystem Services Supply in Transboundary River Basins. The Case of the Maroni River (French Guiana/Suriname) The Maroni River in the Guiana Shield marks the border between French Guiana and Suriname. In the Maroni River Basin, as in many transboundary river basins of the world, socio-political borders criss-cross through natural ecosystems and hence intersect through ecological boundaries. As neighbouring countries share ecosystems, they also share inherent ecosystem processes, functions and, hence, the ecosystem services (ES) that these areas provide. However, life and land uses are changing in the river basin. A growing need for land, urbanization, a decrease of shifting cultivation patterns towards smallholder agriculture and a run for gold put pressure on natural ecosystems.Our work on ES in this area was twofold: under the umbrella of the ECOSEO Project, we conducted a first ecosystem services assessment for the river basin, extracted from two national ES assessments on the base of Land Use Land Cover data. In participatory expert workshops in Paramaribo, Suriname and Cayenne, French Guiana, stakeholders from the territory assessed the capacity of abundant ecosystem types to supply 21 different ecosystem services using a matrix-based approach. [...] Especially regulating ES in the Upper Maroni River were affected, with consequences on freshwater quality, supply of wild foods and fish and transportation for the entire lower River Basin.As LULC changes, especially gold mining-related activities, on both sides of the river have a severe degrading effect on ecosystem condition and related ES supply, cross- or transboundary conservation efforts are needed to safeguard ecosystems and their services for the population on both sides of the Maroni River.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-25): An elite French gendarme was shot dead in France's overseas territory of French Guiana in South America while taking part in an operation against illegal gold mining, the French presidency said Saturday. [...] French Guiana is one of several significant overseas territories which remain part of France and span South America to the Indian Ocean to the Pacific.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-16): French Guiana is a French overseas territory located in South America. It shares a border to the west with Suriname, along the Maroni River, and to the east with Brazil along the Oyapock River. Although France has adopted the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, French Guiana’s 10,000 Indigenous inhabitants are facing a number of challenges, especially in relation to illegal gold mining affecting the natural habitats and the local populations who depend on those habitats. [...] French Guiana is a French overseas territory located in South America. It shares a border to the west with Suriname, along the Maroni River, and to the east with Brazil along the Oyapock River. It covers an area of 83,846 km2. The population numbers 268,700 inhabitants (INSEE, 2017) who live mainly in the capital of Cayenne and along the coast. The interior of the country is covered with dense equatorial forest and is only accessible by plane or canoe. [...] French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France in South America. It is bordered to the west by Suriname and to the south and east by Brazil. It has a population of 268,700 inhabitants (INSEE, 2017). The interior of the country is covered by dense equatorial forest that is only accessible by plane or canoe along the Maroni River to the west or the Oyapock River to the south-east. Ninety (90) per cent of the territory is owned by the French state, under the system of "terra nullius" that was applied during the colonial era, to the detriment of the Indigenous Peoples who were dispossessed of their lands.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-25): The view offered by ethnography with respect to the Bushinengue inhabitants thus allows us to identify the contours of a housing administration anchored in a French cultural reference framework, which reproduces a racialized social and spatial order. The broad outlines of housing policy are enacted by French laws, applied locally by public-service executives who are often white. These executives spend their working lives moving from one overseas territory to another, exporting their conceptions of the so-called "local" populations and benefiting from particularly wide margins of action. These policies are applied by local Creole middle-class employees, who reproduce the colorist hierarchies. In the case of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, in the face of stigmatization, inhabitants may develop critical attitudes and a certain reserve towards representatives of the state, their policies, or the way they treat citizens. Tenants also continue to deploy their own spatial and residential practices, which defy administrative boundaries and extend across both sides of the Maroni, within networks of extended kinship. [...] - Léobal, C. 2017. « Osu », « baraques » et « batiman ». Redessiner les frontières de l’urbain à Soolan (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Guyane), PhD thesis in sociology, Université Paris-Descartes.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-25): Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ loʁɑ̃ dy maʁɔni], lit. 'Saint-Laurent of the Maroni'; French Guianese Creole: Sen-Laurent-di-Maronni) is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is one of the three sub-prefectures of French Guiana and the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. It is the second most populous city of French Guiana, with 50,250 inhabitants at the January 2021 census.[3] [...] Geography [edit]Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is a border town in north-west French Guiana. It is located on the Maroni River (in Dutch: Marowijne), opposite the town of Albina in Suriname which can be reached by ferry or pirogue.[8] It does not, therefore, have an Atlantic coast; this may have motivated the choice of the town's location, as the penal authorities wanted to prevent the escape of prisoners from the Prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni by a sea route.[7] [...] Other notable sights from the penitentiary years include Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, formerly the Camp de la Relégation and today's main military HQ for western French Guiana. There is also a small island in the middle of the Maroni River which used to house the prisoners affected with leprosy. Papillon wrote about hiding there during one of his daring escapes.[30]
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-06-26): The Maroni River (border between Suriname and French Guyana) is composed by 3 rivers: the Litany, the Lawa and the Maroni). From upstream to the estuary, many gold-mined streams flow into the main rivers and many dredges are present on the rivers themselves. Therefore, the mean Hg concentrations increased from upstream to the estuary: from 128 ± 30 ng g-1 (Litani River), to 169 ± 63 ng g-1 (Lawa River) and 193 ± 53 ng g-1 (Maroni River). (i) The river sector from "upstream to Antécum Pata" is not gold mined on the French side but it is gold mined on the Surinamese side (Oulemali River). Hg concentrations are lower than the Background. (ii) The river sectors of Maripasoula ("Tampok" et "Inini") with the Ouaqui, Grand Inini and Petit Inini rivers are gold mined (235 ± 70 ng g-1).
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-03): This Maroni 2021 mission echoes a pilot mission carried out in 2017, which only targeted fish and vertebrates. It will therefore be possible, thanks to this new expedition, to monitor the evolution of the Maroni River over a 4-year period using standardised methods. These first two sampling campaigns initiate a long-term monitoring process with a view to the eventual deployment of a permanent scientific observatory on this exceptional territory, which is still one of the most preserved areas in Amazonia. This observatory project will be developed in consultation with the actors of research, conservation, and institutions in charge of local and national public policies for the knowledge and preservation of biodiversity in French Guiana.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-16): The Tigri Area (Dutch: Tigri-gebied) or New River Triangle is a forested area in the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana that has been disputed by Suriname[1] since the 19th century. In Suriname, it is seen as an integral part of the Coeroeni Resort located in the Sipaliwini District. [...] - ^ bchamch, Auteur; ralall (2017-07-30). "IS TIGRI WEL VAN SURINAME?". B-cham Chandralall (in Dutch). Retrieved 2021-02-27.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-05): The Tigri Area (Dutch: Tigri-gebied) or New River Triangle is a forested area in the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana that has been disputed by Suriname[1] since the 19th century. In Suriname, it is seen as an integral part of the Coeroeni Resort located in the Sipaliwini District. [...] In the present village of Kuruni near the Coeroenie Airstrip, prefab houses were placed for workers on a planned weir.[5] Work also began on a camp near the Oronoque River. On 12 December 1967, four armed men of the Guyana police force landed at Oronoque, and ordered the workers to leave the area.[6][5] Four military posts were initially established by the Surinamese army, however (mainly for financial reasons) only Camp Tigri (also known as Camp Jaguar) remained.[7] On 19 August 1969, border skirmishes occurred between Guyanese forces and Surinamese militias at Camp Tigri, which was subsequently conquered by Guyana. On 18 March 1970, Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago offered to mediate the conflict.[3] In November 1970 the Surinamese and Guyanese governments agreed in Trinidad and Tobago to withdraw their military forces from the Triangle.[3] Prior to Suriname's independence in 1975, President Henck Arron asked Prime Minister Joop den Uyl of the Netherlands for a precise definition of the borders. The reply included the Tigri area.[8] Guyana has not held upon this agreement and continues to hold a firm grip on the New River Triangle.[9][10][11]
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Pages in category "Tigri Area"
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-13): Suriname maintains the Tigri area, a huge, mineral rich landmass in the south west section of the country belongs to the Dutch Caribbean Community (CARICOM) despite claim by Guyana dating back to the 1840s. [...] "Tigri is Suriname territory, but as a developing country we have chosen for the path of diplomacy with as goal sustainable development for both our nations. We are convinced that a constructive solution is the best outcome," he said. [...] The Minister said that the decision could also have been made to go to war with Guyana over Tigri,. "But wars cost money. We rather use those for public health and education," he said, adding: "Fact is that Tigri is part of Suriname territory."
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-24): Media in category "Maps of Suriname (territory claimed by Suriname)" [...] Map of Tigri Area Suriname.png 2,523 × 1,785; 3.35 MB - [...] Suriname Territorial Integrity.png 2,000 × 1,333; 1.6 MB -
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-12): [www.inewsguyana.com] -Suriname maintains the Tigri area, a huge, mineral rich landmass in the south west section of the country belongs to the Dutch Caribbean Community (CARICOM) despite claim by Guyana dating back to the 1840s. [...] "Tigri is Suriname territory, but as a developing country we have chosen for the path of diplomacy with as goal sustainable development for both our nations. We are convinced that a constructive solution is the best outcome," he said. [...] The Minister said that the decision could also have been made to go to war with Guyana over Tigri,. "But wars cost money. We rather use those for public health and education," he said, adding: "Fact is that Tigri is part of Suriname territory."
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-30): File:Map of Suriname Showing the Tigri Area (Claimed by Guyana).png
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-10): Suriname is a country in the northeast of South America. This map of Suriname contains satellite imagery and an elevation map. It also shows cities, towns, highways, roads, lakes, rivers, and disputed areas. [...] Suriname is the smallest country in South America occupying an area of just 163,821 square kilometers (63,252 sq mi). Also, it’s the second least populated country with the majority of people living on the north coast. Paramaribo is the capital and largest city, also located in the north. Other towns are Lelydorp, Brokopondo, Brokopondo, and Nieuw Nickerie. [...] First, both Suriname and Guyana claim the Tigri Area to the southwest of Suriname. Secondly, its other disputed territory is the Lawa headwaters area with French Guiana. It lies mostly between latitudes 1°N and 6°N above the equator so the climate is mostly tropical in Suriname.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-13): The Coeroeni River is in South America, specifically around Southwest Suriname. Considered a large river, the Coeroeni River starts at the Tumuc-Humac Mountains, creating a drainage divide between Brazil, Suriname, and Pará, and continues flowing northward. The river is located downstream of the Kutari (or Koetari) River, a small tributary that sits in Southern Suriname. The area surrounding the Coeroeni River, alongside the Upper Corentyne and Kutari Rivers, makes up the Tigri Area, an area of political dispute between Suriname and Guyana. Its waters are sourced from Suriname's Kutari, Aramatau, and Sipaliwini Rivers. [...] The Coeroeni River, together with the Upper Corentyne River and the Kutari River, encompasses the area that comprises the Tigri Area, a "triangular" area of an ongoing dispute concerning territory boundaries between Guyana and Suriname. Also known as The New River Triangle, this conflict has separated both sister countries, putting them at odds. The conflict has been around since the Dutch and English colonization and remains ongoing even after Guyana and Suriname claimed independence. To date, countries have not agreed upon the rights and appropriate to the area around The New River Triangle. Though Suriname regards it as a part of the Coeroeni Resort in the Sipaliwini District, Guyana considers it part of an area in the East Berbice-Corentyne region. Though the conflict peaked in 1968 and 1969, both governments agreed to continue discussing the border dispute.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-19): GEORGETOWN, Guyana (CMC) – Guyana has described as "regrettable" a recent statement by Suriname that the Tigri area, a huge, mineral-rich landmass in the south west section of the country doesn’t belong Guyana. Earlier this month, Suriname’s Foreign Minister Winston Lackin told the National Assembly that Guyana has been "making moves on the Tigri area for 40 years now. [...] Lackin’s insistence that Tigri belongs to Suriname comes a month after Guyana declined an invitation to take part in the International Mining, Energy & Petroleum Conference and Exhibition (SURIMEP 2014) that takes place in Paramaribo in June.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-13): PARAMARIBO, Suriname, CMC – Suriname maintains that the Tigri area, a huge, mineral rich landmass in the south west section of the country belongs to the Dutch Caribbean Community (CARICOM) despite claims by Guyana dating back to the 1840s.Foreign Affairs Minister Winston Lackin told the National Assembly that Guyana has been "making moves on the Tigri area for 40 years now. "Tigri is Suriname territory, but as a developing country we have chosen for the path of diplomacy with as goal sustainable development for both our nations. We are convinced that a constructive solution is the best outcome," he said. [...] The Minister said that the decision could also have been made to go to war with Guyana over Tigri. "But wars cost money. We rather use those for public health and education," he said, adding: "Fact is that Tigri is part of Suriname territory."
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-12): PARAMARIBO, Suriname – Suriname maintains that the Tigri area, a huge, mineral rich landmass in the southwest section of the country, belongs to the Dutch Caribbean Community despite claims by Guyana dating back to the 1840s. [...] "Tigri is Suriname territory, but as a developing country we have chosen for the path of diplomacy with as goal sustainable development for both our nations. We are convinced that a constructive solution is the best outcome," he said. [...] The minister said that the decision could also have led to war with Guyana over Tigri, "But wars cost money. We rather use those for public health and education," he said, adding, "Fact is that Tigri is part of Suriname territory."
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-11): The New River (Dutch: Nieuwe Rivier) is a river of South America located in the southeastern region of Guyana. It forms the Western border of the Tigri Area or New River Triangle, a disputed territory that is claimed by both Guyana and Suriname.[1] In 1965, to bolster this territorial claim, the Surinamese government issued a decree to begin referring to the river as the Upper Corantyne River in Suriname.[2] The river rises in the Acarai Mountains and flows, together with the Coeroeni River, to the Courantyne River.[1] The Oronoque River is a major tributary of the New River and within the Tigri Area. It was the location of a skirmish between Guyana Police Force and a Surinamese labor camp, 15 December 1967.[3] [...] - ^ "Starnieuws - Een halve eeuw Tigri". www.starnieuws.com. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-11-01): The disputed area is known in Suriname as the Tigri area and in Guyana as the New River Triangle. It has been under Guyana’s control since 1969. [...] Nevertheless, Suriname’s President recently told that country’s National Assembly that the "Tigri" issue will be placed "back on the agenda." [...] President Granger said that Guyana is confident that the boundary between Guyana and Suriname was definitively established by 1936. He added that there is an agreement as to what constitutes the territory of Guyana and what constitutes the territory of Suriname despite the fact that there is no formal treaty that encapsulates that agreement.
Claim: Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname (Tigri Area, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-31): 2) Guyana faces three territorial disputes: the area to the west of the Essequibo River is claimed by Venezuela, preventing any discussions of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that Trinidad and Tobago’s maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; Suriname claims the Tigri Area, a triangle of land between the Upper Corentyne, the Coeroeni and the Kutari rivers.