copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2024-08-29): It has been touted as a treatment for cancer, COVID-19, diabetes, HIV, Lyme disease, the common cold … well, you get the picture. In all, folks have billed colloidal silver as a remedy for 650 different conditions, according to the FDA. [...] Colloidal silver’s ability to destroy germs and bacteria can make it effective in treating minor skin infections, irritations and burns, says Dr. Young. Manufacturers sometimes add silver to bandages and dressings to help people heal faster. "Silver’s antimicrobial effect can help prevent or treat an infection," she continues. "But if you see the affected area becoming red or inflamed after using colloidal silver, stop using it and seek medical attention."
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Colloidal silver’s appeal in alternative medicine stems from its historical use and modern-day claims. Historically valued for its antimicrobial properties, silver was a go-to treatment for infections and wounds before antibiotics were developed. This historical use has influenced contemporary perceptions, including its use in various health products. Today, colloidal silver is promoted for boosting immune health, improving skin conditions, and treating infections. However, these claims lack strong scientific support, creating skepticism among medical professionals. Its role in alternative medicine highlights the growing interest in natural health solutions, but it is also surrounded by controversies due to questions about its effectiveness and safety. [...] Colloidal silver is historically known for its antibacterial properties and has been used for wound healing, immune system support, and treating various infections. However, these benefits lack robust scientific backing and should be cautiously approached.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Colloidal silver’s benefits may extend to minor infections, irritations, skin wounds, and burns and in bandages and dressings for the treatment of burns. However, colloidal silver drugs that are marketed for oral intake are not legal for sale. [...] The only effective but debatable use of colloidal silver in humans is the topical application to wounds and burns. [...] Although these claims are not backed by research, many companies market colloidal silver supplements as an immune system booster, which can ease chest congestion and treat or prevent viral infections, such as the common cold.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2020-01-19): Antibacterial Activity of Colloidal Silver against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria - PMID: 31963769 - PMCID: PMC7167925 - DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010036 Antibacterial Activity of Colloidal Silver against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria Due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, new alternative therapies are needed. Silver was used to treat bacterial infections since antiquity due to its known antimicrobial properties. Here, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of colloidal silver (CS) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. A total of 270 strains (Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 25), Escherichia coli (n = 79), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 58)], Staphylococcus aureus (n = 34), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 14), and Enterococcus species (n = 15)) were used. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS was determined for all strains by using microdilution assay, and time-kill curve assays of representative reference and MDR strains of these bacteria were performed. Membrane permeation and bacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined in presence of CS. CS MIC90 was 4-8 mg/L for all strains. CS was bactericidal, during 24 h, at 1× and 2× MIC against Gram-negative bacteria, and at 2× MIC against Gram-positive bacteria, and it did not affect their membrane permeabilization. Furthermore, we found that CS significantly increased the ROS production in Gram-negative with respect to Gram-positive bacteria at 24 h of incubation.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2024-04-18): Colloidal silver has been used to prevent and treat infections since ancient times. The first use of colloidal silver for medical reasons was by a surgeon in 1891, who used it to clean wounds. In the years that followed, doctors mainly used it to treat skin infections. Some doctors believed that if you swallowed colloidal silver, it could cure a range of conditions like stomach ulcers, mental illness, colds, and epilepsy. It got more popular until the 1940s, when doctors started using antibiotics instead. Today, you’ll see it marketed and sold as a dietary supplement. [...] There is one exception: Colloidal silver can be safe for skin wounds. Some creams, bandages, and wound dressings have colloidal silver. It can help prevent and treat minor skin infections. It also can soothe skin irritation and burns. But if you notice redness or inflammation after using colloidal silver on your skin, stop and call your doctor. [...] Colloidal Silver FAQs - What can colloidal silver be used for? The only safe and effective use for colloidal silver is in creams that prevent and treat skin infections.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2024-09-06): Since the 1990s, colloidal silver has started to regain popularity as an alternative medicine, with advocates claiming that it can replace antibiotics or other medical therapies to treat bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. [...] To date, the only effective use of colloidal silver in humans is topical application to wounds and burns. Even then, its benefits are [...] Today, colloidal silver is used as an alternative medicine to ward off bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Its proponents claim that it treats various diseases, such as cancer, HIV, Lyme disease, and diabetes.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2022-04-01): The in vitro efficacy of betadine antiseptic solution and colloidal silver gel combination in inhibiting the growth of bacterial biofilms - PMID: 35439543 - DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.04.002 The in vitro efficacy of betadine antiseptic solution and colloidal silver gel combination in inhibiting the growth of bacterial biofilms [...] The ability of a colloidal silver gel wound dressing to kill bacteria in vitro and in vivo.J Wound Care. 2017 Apr 1;26(sup4):S16-S24. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.Sup4.S16. J Wound Care. 2017. PMID: 28379105 -
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2016-11-22): Evaluation of medicinal plants and colloidal silver efficiency against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured at low salinity - PMID: 27901504 - DOI: 10.3354/dao03060 Evaluation of medicinal plants and colloidal silver efficiency against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured at low salinity In shrimp aquaculture, reduction in the use of synthetic antibiotics is a priority due to the high incidence of resistant bacteria (Vibrio) in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. An increasing number of studies show bactericidal activity of natural treatments in aquaculture. The effectiveness of neem (Azadirachta indica) and oregano (Lippia berlandieri) aqueous extracts and colloidal silver against V. parahaemolyticus were evaluated in low salinity shrimp culture. Results show that aqueous extracts of oregano and neem each present a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.50 mg ml-1 and inhibitory halos of 12.0 to 19.0 mm. Colloidal silver gave a MIC of 2 mg ml-1, and the inhibitory halos were found to be between 11.8 and 18.8 mm, depending on treatment concentrations. An in vivo challenge test was conducted on white shrimp postlarvae cultured at low salinity (5 practical salinity units, PSU), and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in survival was demonstrated in the presence of the aqueous extracts (oregano 64%, neem 76% and colloidal silver 90%), when compared to the control (0%) in the challenge test.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2024-02-20): Like werewolves and vampires, bacteria have a weakness: silver. The precious metal has been used to fight infection for thousands of years — Hippocrates first described its antimicrobial properties in 400 bc — but how it works has been a mystery. Now, a team led by James Collins, a biomedical engineer at Boston University in Massachusetts, has described how silver can disrupt bacteria, and shown that the ancient treatment could help to deal with the thoroughly modern scourge of antibiotic resistance. The work is published today in Science Translational Medicine. [...] Collins and his team found that silver — in the form of dissolved ions — attacks bacterial cells in two main ways: it makes the cell membrane more permeable, and it interferes with the cell’s metabolism, leading to the overproduction of reactive, and often toxic, oxygen compounds. Both mechanisms could potentially be harnessed to make today’s antibiotics more effective against resistant bacteria, Collins says. [...] Before adding silver to antibiotics, "we’ll have to address the toxicity very carefully", says Fowler. Ingesting too much silver can also cause argyria, a condition in which the skin turns a blue-grey color — and the effect is permanent.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2019-11-02): Under the "News" tab of your website, your article titled "Using Colloidal Silver for Kidney Infections": - "Colloidal Silver just might be the next germ-fighting wonder drug. And not just for the serious threats making headlines. It’s also effective against bacterial infections like strep throat, viruses like the flu, and fungal infections like Candida." [...] - ". . . I just used colloidal silver for a kidney infection for three days . . . and my fever is gone . . .. I have a kidney disease that harbors infection in my kidneys continuously, and through the years, I have become resistant to a lot of the heavy antibiotics . . ."
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2020-01-01): Colloidal silver can kill certain germs by destroying proteins, which is why it was previously used in wound dressings. But silver has no known function in the body and is not an essential mineral. Taking silver by mouth can cause the skin to turn a permanent bluish color. It can also cause brain function problems. Colloidal silver has been used for infections, hay fever, skin conditions, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any of its uses. There is also no good evidence to support using colloidal silver for COVID-19. It can be unsafe when taken by mouth, applied to the skin, or inhaled. [...] Possibly Ineffective for - Swelling (inflammation) of the nasal cavity and sinuses (rhinosinusitis). Using a nasal spray containing colloidal silver does not work any better than saline nasal spray for reducing symptoms of sinusitis.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned that colloidal silver isn’t safe or effective for treating any disease or condition. Additionally, the FDA and the Federal Trade Commission have taken action against a number of companies for making misleading claims about colloidal silver products. [...] Colloidal silver was used to treat infections and wounds before antibiotics became available. [...] A few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of colloidal silver nasal spray to treat chronic sinus infections, but they did not demonstrate meaningful improvements.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2020-01-23): Colloidal silver does not treat infections when taken orally and can cause side effects [...] This claim was published in a Jan. 2020 blog post promoting the sale of colloidal silver products. The post went viral on Facebook in the same month, receiving more than 11,000 interactions on the platform within a week of publication. The article claims that colloidal silver effectively fights against any bacterial, fungal, or viral infection, calling it "a modern and fabulously effective treatment with virtually no side effects". [...] However, effective applications of silver as a medicine have been limited to topical treatments (such as application of a cream containing silver directly to a wound). There is no evidence that consuming or nasally spraying colloidal silver treats "any infection", as the claim states, or "supports the immune system". According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, consuming colloidal silver or using it as a nasal spray can even cause health problems such as argyria, which is an irreversible blue-gray skin discoloration[9]. A 2018 review estimated that 70 – 1500 mg silver/kg body weight could induce argyria[10]. Colloidal silver can also interfere with the action of other drugs, such as thyroxine which is used to treat thyroid deficiency.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2014-11-01): Results: Silver has been used for at least six millennia to prevent microbial infections. It has been effective against almost all organisms tested and has been used to treat numerous infections and noninfectious conditions, sometimes with striking success. Silver also has played an important role in the development of radiology and in improving wound healing. Conclusion: Silver was the most important antimicrobial agent available before the introduction of antibiotics. [...] An In Vitro Study on the Application of Silver-Doped Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Prevention of Post-Implant-Associated Infections.Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 29;25(9):4842. doi: 10.3390/ijms25094842. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. PMID: 38732057 Free PMC article.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2017-01-04): The ability of a colloidal silver gel wound dressing to kill bacteria in vitro and in vivo - PMID: 28379105 - DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.Sup4.S16 [...] Objective: Inhibiting bacterial biofilms is of major significance for proper wound healing. The choice of the dressing material plays a key role, as bacteria can live in dressings and keep reinfecting the wound. This study examines the effectiveness of a colloidal silver gel (Ag-gel) wound dressing in inhibiting the growth of bacteria in a mouse wound model. [...] Antibacterial Activity of Colloidal Silver against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Jan 19;9(1):36. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9010036. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020. PMID: 31963769 Free PMC article.
Claim: Colloidal silver is effective for any infection (Anonymous, 2020-01-23)
Evidence (2018-04-11): To date, numerous topical agents have been tested and although some have shown anti-biofilm activity (Chiu et al., 2008; Le et al., 2008; Alandejani et al., 2009; Jardeleza et al., 2011; Jervis-Bardy et al., 2012; Paramasivan et al., 2014; Richter et al., 2016, 2017a,b), none have been widely accepted as a treatment option in recalcitrant CRS. Recent evidence suggests that colloidal silver (CS) may be effective against bacterial biofilms. We have previously shown that CS showed significant anti-biofilm activity in vitro and in vivo against S. aureus (Goggin et al., 2014; Rajiv et al., 2015), and against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Spherical nanoparticles were also shown to be non-toxic in human cell culture (THP-1, Nuli-1) (Richter et al., 2017c) and safe in a sheep sinusitis model (Rajiv et al., 2015). Moreover, they were physically stable for over 6 months in storage with no observed loss in anti-biofilm activity (Richter et al., 2017c). [...] Richter, K., Facal, P., Thomas, N., Vandecandelaere, I., Ramezanpour, M., Cooksley, C., et al. (2017c). Taking the silver bullet colloidal silver particles for the topical treatment of biofilm-related infections. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 21631–21638. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b03672
Claim: human breast milk naturally contains the same cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant (Anonymous, 2017-01-15)
Evidence (2017-01-15): Human breast milk contains endocannabinoids, which are neurotransmitters naturally produced by the human body and are important for infant development. However, endocannabinoids are not the same as the cannabinoids found in cannabis/marijuana. The suggestion that cannabis exposure is beneficial to infant development is not supported by scientific evidence.
Claim: human breast milk naturally contains the same cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant (Anonymous, 2017-01-15)
Evidence (2022-10-04): Although a few authors have reported on the presence of cannabinoids in the milk of cannabis users, there are no studies reporting the effect of maternal cannabis use on breast milk composition.7,8,47 We report that maternal cannabis consumption during lactation is associated with the presence of several cannabinoids, including metabolites of THC, and attenuated IgA levels in the milk of users. This indicates that maternal cannabis consumption may impact an infant’s health due to direct cannabinoid exposure and altered milk composition. Further studies are needed to increase the body of evidence and to better inform mothers and the general population. [...] Ramnarine, R. S., Poklis, J. L. & Wolf, C. E. Determination of cannabinoids in breast milk using QuEChERS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol.43, 746–752 (2019).
Claim: human breast milk naturally contains the same cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant (Anonymous, 2017-01-15)
Evidence (2023-10-11): Because cannabinoids are a key element in our immune system, it can be argued that we all have cannabis in our bodies. It is shown that only very few people know that there are completely natural cannabinoids in breast milk. Back in the 1970s, it was demonstrated that cannabinoids were directly involved in chemical processes related to eating and appetite. [...] According to the results of several scientific studies, human breast milk contains the same natural cannabinoids that are found in cannabis. Cell membranes in the human body are thus naturally equipped with cannabinoid receptors. There are two types of cannabinoid receptors in the body: CB1 which is found in the brain - and CB2 which is found in the immune system and throughout the rest of the body. Both of these receptor types respond positively to cannabinoids. Whether the cannabinoids come from breast milk to children or directly from the cannabis plant itself. [...] Study Confirms Cannabinoids Occur Naturally In Human Breast Milk https://www.yournaturalhealthcare.com/2019/10/07/study-confirms-cannabinoids-occur-naturally-in-human-breast-milk/
Claim: human breast milk naturally contains the same cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant (Anonymous, 2017-01-15)
Evidence (2021-08-14): Detection of Cannabinoids by LC-MS-MS and ELISA in Breast Milk - PMID: 33002141 - DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa142 Detection of Cannabinoids by LC-MS-MS and ELISA in Breast Milk Cannabis is the most commonly used drug of abuse in pregnancy and after delivery. However, little is known regarding the disposition of cannabinoids in breast milk, although delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component, is highly lipophilic. Quantification of cannabinoids in breastmilk is essential for clinical monitoring and research studies and breastmilk banks mainly rely on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in terms of screening for cannabinoids. To support clinical studies on disposition of cannabinoids in breastmilk, we validated a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) assay for the simultaneous quantification of 12 cannabinoids and their metabolites in human breast milk. Said assay was based upon a simple one-step protein precipitation, online column extraction and detection in the positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. After successful validation, the assay was used to analyze 30 samples from a clinical research study that had tested negative using an ELISA kit that is commonly used by breastmilk banks. In human breast milk, depending on the analyte, the lower limits of quantification of the LC-MS-MS assay ranged from 0.39 to 7.81 ng/mL. Acceptance criteria for intra- and inter-batch accuracy (85-115%) and imprecision (<15%) were met for all compounds. Mean extraction efficiencies were above 60% for all analytes.
Claim: human breast milk naturally contains the same cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant (Anonymous, 2017-01-15)
Evidence (2018-01-06): Marijuana Use by Breastfeeding Mothers and Cannabinoid Concentrations in Breast Milk - PMID: 30150212 - PMCID: PMC6317767 - DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1076 [...] Cannabis use and measurement of cannabinoids in plasma and breast milk of breastfeeding mothers.Pediatr Res. 2021 Oct;90(4):861-868. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01332-2. Epub 2021 Jan 19. Pediatr Res. 2021. PMID: 33469174 - [...] Human Milk Cannabinoid Concentrations and Associations with Maternal Factors: The Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study.Breastfeed Med. 2024 Jul;19(7):515-524. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2024.0021. Epub 2024 May 2. Breastfeed Med. 2024. PMID: 38695182 -
Claim: human breast milk naturally contains the same cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant (Anonymous, 2017-01-15)
Evidence (2021-01-19): Information on cannabinoids in breast milk and maternal cannabis use is limited. We quantified cannabinoids in plasma and breast milk of breastfeeding mothers and assessed cannabis use patterns. [...] All but a single breast milk sample had at least one cannabinoid or metabolite detected. The sample with no detectable cannabinoids was collected 40 h after last cannabis use. Plasma and breast milk cannabinoid concentrations from both visits combined are summarized in Table 2. There was a moderate positive correlation between plasma THC concentration and breast milk THC concentration (ρ = 0.6 and 0.92, respectively) at both visits (Fig. 1a, b). [...] The cannabinoids THC and CBD are present and accumulate in breast milk after maternal cannabis use, whether by inhalation or edible ingestion. They appear rapidly after exposure and may remain present for at least 1–2 days. Mothers using cannabis during breastfeeding were well educated and used cannabis daily for medical purposes. Their cannabis use increased significantly during the early postpartum period.
Claim: human breast milk naturally contains the same cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant (Anonymous, 2017-01-15)
Evidence (2021-01-01): Cannabis use and measurement of cannabinoids in plasma and breast milk of breastfeeding mothers - PMID: 33469174 - DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01332-2 [...] Background: Information on cannabinoids in breast milk and maternal cannabis use is limited. We quantified cannabinoids in plasma and breast milk of breastfeeding mothers and assessed cannabis use patterns. [...] Human Milk Cannabinoid Concentrations and Associations with Maternal Factors: The Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study.Breastfeed Med. 2024 Jul;19(7):515-524. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2024.0021. Epub 2024 May 2. Breastfeed Med. 2024. PMID: 38695182 -