copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-19): Olivenza is a municipality that was founded by the Order of the Temple in the 13th century. Because it is on the Spanish-Portuguese border, it has changed sides on some occasions between those two countries. This fact has provoked some diplomatic confrontations between them in the past. Nowadays, there are still irredentist movements that through propaganda and cultural activity try to move the Portuguese authorities to claim the territory of Olivenza from Spain. [...] Olivenza is in between Extremadura and Alentejo. In it you learn about the diversity of Spain, listening to its countrymen and their accents. We visited Olivenza on a cloudy winter day, where the first drops of a brief storm were beginning to fall. People ran to get into the church for the mass at twelve while we looked for a bar to drink coffee. Finding it, I stopped just before entering to look across the street. The Portuguese design of the town hall door captivated me, even more for being in Spanish territory than for the undeniable beauty of its Portuguese style. Petrified, I began to take pictures outdoors while the rain intensified. A neighbor came up to ask me if I was Portuguese with a plastic bag on his head as an umbrella. And he shrugged when I told him no, I’m Spanish. [...] Olivenza is in Spain, the Autonomous Community of Extremadura and the province of Badajoz.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Olivenza (Spanish: [oliˈβenθa]) or Olivença (Portuguese: [oliˈvẽsɐ]) is a town situated on a disputed section of the Portugal-Spain border. It is administered de facto by Spain, as part of the autonomous community of Extremadura. Portugal holds a claim on the town and its surrounding territory. As Olivença, the town was under Portuguese sovereignty between 1297 (Treaty of Alcañices) and 1801 when it was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Oranges and then ceded to Spain under the Treaty of Badajoz. Spain has since administered the territory (now split into two municipalities, Olivenza and Táliga), whilst Portugal invokes the self-revocation of the Treaty of Badajoz, plus the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, to claim the return of the territory. In spite of the territorial dispute between Portugal and Spain, the issue has not been a sensitive matter in the relations between these two countries. Olivenza and other neighbouring Spanish (La Codosera, Alburquerque and Badajoz) and Portuguese (Arronches, Campo Maior, Estremoz, Portalegre and Elvas) towns reached an agreement in 2008 to create a euroregion. [...] Plan your customized day by day trip plan for Olivenza. Choose from various experinces categories as adventure, romantic and family and kids friendly for your trip using using Olivenza trip planner.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-21): Olivenza is a town near the border of Portugal and Spain. Spain controls it but Portugal does not recognize it as Spanish. Unlike other disputes around the world such as Gibraltar in Spain vs UK, it does not seem to be brought up nor does it sour relations between the two countries. Why is this? Is it because it is of less significance than others due to both countries being in Schengen, EU and NATO? - 12There are a large number of disputed borders across Europe, few are politically hot topics. Commented Aug 22, 2023 at 7:22 - @JackAidley how many of those disputed areas have people living in them?– phoogCommented Aug 22, 2023 at 10:34 - 2@phoog, not counting irredentist claims and unrecognized states, four of Wikipedia's listed disputes involve inhabited areas: Gibraltar, Olivenza, the village of Sastavci, and an area around the mouth of the Dragonja river. The summit of Sveta Gera may also count, if you consider a military barracks "inhabited".– MarkCommented Aug 22, 2023 at 23:12 - 5Canada and the US have a fair few border disputes, but none of these are particularly politicized. During WW1, some US marines were even deployed (with Canadian agreement) to defend a Canadian lighthouse on a disputed island, which the US otherwise regards as illegal (and/or officially pretends doesn’t exist). Canada also had a dispute with Denmark until recently, a conflict "fought" by leaving each other bottles of whisky.– KRyanCommented Aug 23, 2023 at 2:45 3 Answers
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-11-23): I remember having read about how Olivenza was a small town in Portugal until it was conquered by the Spanish about 200 years ago and had remained under their control ever since; that the people here were Portuguese, as were their names, their architecture, their food and their language; and that the only thing Spanish here was the government they paid their taxes to and whose law they had to abide by. I found it shocking to think that this little piece of Portugal existed, under Spanish control, just along the Sp[ain-Portugal border](https://www.livetheworld.com/post/juromenha-an-abandoned-fort-from-a-forgotten-world-2mlr). So when I finally found myself within the region, I knew I would have to stop by and see for myself what it was like. [...] Although most of the local people seem to have become almost completely Spanish by now, many of the elderly people in town still speak Portuguese and recall memories of their grandparents speaking it as a first language. In 2010, in an effort to preserve the town's Portuguese past, the original Portuguese street names were returned to Olivenza and are now seen on every street. Portugal still claims the town as their own territory, but the dispute is a 'friendly' one and relations between the two nations are better than ever. It looks therefore as if Olivenza will remain Spanish but without doubt, its Portuguese heritage will live on forever.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-06): Olivença (Spanish: Olivenza) is a territory disputed by Portugal and Spain. The territory was under Portuguese rule between 1297 (Treaty of Alcañices) and 1801. Then, it was occupied and ruled by Spain. After the Napoleonic Wars, Spain promised to give Olivença back to Portugal. It still has not done this to this day. Portugal does not recognize the Spanish rule of the Olivença/Olivenza territory. Therefore, the border between Portugal and Spain in the Olivença/Olivenza region has never been defined. Olivença/Olivenza territory is 750 Km2 in area.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-19): Olivenza is a walled city of Templar origin located less than 30 kilometers south of Badajoz, on the eastern margin of the Guadiana river, a place that has always been halfway between the rule of the Spanish and the Portuguese. [...] Olivenza It is a municipality that includes several villages such as Saint George of Alor, which stands out for its Alentejo-influenced chimney, Villarreal de Olivenza, with its connection to Guadiana, San Benito de la Contienda, where better Portuguese is spoken. [...] The consequence is that Olivenza It is a unique place in the Iberian Peninsula that mixes Portuguese and Spanish, forming a unique culture.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-27): Olivenza or Olivença is a town situated on a disputed section of the Portugal–Spain border. Its territory is administered by Spain as a municipality belonging to the province of Badajoz, and to the wider autonomous community of Extremadura. Picture credit: © Tajido
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Olivenza, a merge of Spain and Portugal [...] As a frontier zone, Olivenza has many defensive buildings and castles scattered in many towns or isolated in mountain ranges all arround the Olivenza city. [...] You can taste in Olivenza a delicious dessert called Tecula-Mecula, among other delicious dishes and foods of this beautiful land.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2003-05-01): The Olivença issue (Portugal/Spain) and of the 'Ajuda' Bridge 27.3.2003 [...] By the Treaty of Alcanizes, signed in 1297 by Dom Dinis, King of Portugal, and Fernando IV, King of Castille, Olivença was definitively integrated into Portuguese territory, and remained so following the end of the 'Dynastic Union' between Portugal and Spain (1580-1640). On 20 May 1801, Spanish troops occupied Olivença. On 6 June 1801, in the face of a threatened French invasion, Portugal was coerced by the Treaty of Badajoz into ceding Olivença to Spain. The Spanish invasion of Portugal in 1807, in violation of the Treaty, led to its annulment. The Treaty of Paris of 30 May 1814 declared the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz null and void. The Final Act of the Vienna Congress (9 June 1815), Article 105, recognised the rights of Portugal. On 7 May 1817, Spain signed the Treaty of Vienna, 'recognising the just claims made His Royal Highness, the Prince Regent of Portugal and Brazil, to the town of Olivença and the other territories ceded to Spain by the Treaty of Badajoz of 1801', and thereby undertook to make 'its best efforts to ensure that these territories were handed over (in the shortest time possible) to Portugal'. To this day, the frontier between Portugal and Spain from the mouth of the river Caia to the mouth of the river Cuncos is still undefined, thanks to the Olivença issue.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-21): Olivenza – The Spanish-Portuguese border town with a shared history and heritage [...] Olivenza (Spanish) or Olivença (Portuguese) is a town located in southwestern Spain, near the Portuguese border, on a historically disputed section of the Portugal–Spain border. [...] Spain has since administered the territory (now split into two municipalities, Olivenza and also Táliga), whilst Portugal invokes the self-revocation of the Treaty of Badajoz, plus the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, to claim the return of the territory.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-02-18): There is a more than 200-year old dormant claim by Portugal to territories ceded to Spain around the town of Olivenza near the border with Elvas. Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over Olivenza and as a result the border between the two countries in the Olivenza area has never been clearly defined. Even under the right-wing dictatorships of General Franco (1939-75) in Spain and António de Oliveira Salazar (1932-68) in Portugal the two countries ignored one another. Nevertheless, in March 1939, six months before the outbreak of the Second World War, and as the Spanish Civil War was ending, they signed a treaty of friendship to mutually protect their interests and independence. [...] The relationship between Galicia and North Portugal was strengthened in 1991 with the creation of a Working Community between the two regions. The so-called Territorial Co-operation Communities combine all the Galician town councils and Portuguese municipal councils along the border. There is also official co-operation between trade unions, consumer institutes and employers’ associations. As an autonomous region Galicia is able to negotiate some matters directly with the Portuguese government in Lisbon without having to refer them to Spain’s central government in Madrid.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-17): "As far as Olivenza is concerned, the Portuguese state does not recognise it as being Spanish territory." [...] Despite Portugal’s persistent claims, Spain has maintained that Olivenza is an integral part of its territory. [...] Extremadura’s current president, María Guardiola, was clear in her stance: "Olivenza has been Spanish since 1801, and it will remain so. This debate isn’t even on the table."
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-01): Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz [...] Spain-Portugal: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Nuno Melo, Portugal’s defence minister, has rekindled a diplomatic row over the contested sovereignty of Olivenza. Though the town and its 12,000 inhabitants have been under Spanish control since 1801, some Portuguese groups claim it should have been handed back to them 16 years later. Speaking at a military parade in Estremoz, in the Portuguese district of Évora, 40 miles across the border, Melo said that "Olivenza is Portuguese", adding: "In fact, by treaty, Olivenza should be handed over to the Portuguese state." Portuguese campaigners have long compared their claim to Olivenza, or Olivença in Portuguese,
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-06): Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde [...] embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisboa mailing address: 5320 Lisbon Place, Washington DC 20521-5320 telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 [...] Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-02-28): The "La Raya" is the international land border shared between Spain and Portugal. With a length of at least 754 miles, the border is the longest of its kind in the European Union. However, the two countries recognize different lengths of the border. Portugal defines the border as being 754 miles in length, while Spain states that the border is 765 miles in length. The difference of 11 miles stems from Olivenza, a region which is claimed both by Portugal and Spain, in a territorial dispute that goes back 200 years. In Portugal, this border is referred to as "The Stripe" (A Raia). Spain has seven provinces found along the border; Ourense, Badajoz, Pontevedra, Zamora, Huelva, Caceres and Salamanca Provinces, while Portugal has ten districts along the border which are Faro, Beja, Evora, Portalegre, Castelo Branco, Guarda, Braganca, Vila Real, Braga, and Viana do Castelo. [...] Olivenza is a region along the Spain-Portugal border whose ownership is disputed by the two countries. According to Spain, the region is part of the country’s Extremadura autonomous community, while Portugal believes the town to be part of its Province of Alto Alentejo. Nonetheless, the administration of Olivenza is done by the Spanish government. The region covers an area of 290 square miles and is home to an estimated population of 11,512 people. Portugal claimed the region since 1297 but had the sovereignty of the town taken by Spain in the aftermath of the 17th century War of Oranges and the signing of the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-12): The War of the Oranges (Portuguese: Guerra das Laranjas; French: Guerre des Oranges; Spanish: Guerra de las Naranjas) was a brief conflict in 1801 in which Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France, and ultimately supported by the French military, invaded Portugal. It was a precursor to the Peninsular Wars, resulting in the Treaty of Badajoz, the loss of Portuguese territory, in particular Olivenza, as well as ultimately setting the stage for the complete invasion of the Iberian Peninsula by French forces.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-11-22): There is a 200-year old dormant claim by Portugal to territories ceded to Spain around the town of Olivenza near the border with Elvas. Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over Olivenza and as a result the border between the two countries in the Olivenza area has never been clearly defined. [...] The relationship between Galicia and North Portugal was strengthened in 1991 with the creation of a Working Community between the two regions. The so-called Territorial Co-operation Communities combine all the Galician town councils and Portuguese municipal councils along the border. There is also official co-operation between trade unions, consumer institutes and employers’ associations. As an autonomous region Galicia is able to negotiate some matters directly with the Portuguese government in Lisbon without having to refer them to Spain’s central government in Madrid.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-04-12): To have that discussion, Spain should return a territory it has held illegally for 211 years: the town of Olivença (Olivenza in Spanish). This border town was Portuguese from 1297 to 1801, when the Spanish army, along with French troops, invaded. The Treaty of Vienna of 1815 returned the town to Portugal, but Spanish forces never left. They outlawed the Portuguese language and prevented a bridge linking it to Portugal to be rebuilt. Despite Spain’s refusal to return the town of 290 square miles and 11,000 people, the two nations have been able to coexist peacefully since 1815, and Portugal has resisted political rhetoric that could have led to war. If Spain wants Gibraltar back, which had been in British hands for almost a century when it captured Olivença, then it should consider autonomy for Olivença and honor its obligation under the Treaty of Vienna of 1815.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-28): Nuno Melo, Portugal’s new defense minister, has revived an almost forgotten debate. "Olivenza is Portuguese, naturally, and this is not a provocation," said Melo during a visit to the Portuguese town of Estremoz, near the border with Spain, on September 13. The minister was thus claiming sovereignty over a locality of 11,776 residents in the Spanish province of Badajoz, on the border between the two countries, on the basis of the Treaty of Alcañices, which dates back to 1297 and according to which the Portuguese State does not recognize Olivenza as Spanish territory. [...] Spain gained Olivenza after the War of the Oranges against Portugal at the beginning of the 19th century, after returning Campo Maior and Portalegre, which had been conquered by the Spanish during the conflict. This is how the official chronicler of the city of Badajoz, Luis Alfonso Limpo, tells it. Olivenza had been "abandoned by the Portuguese army" and "no one died in its conquest," the chronicler said in an interview on the radio network Cadena SER. Spain did not want to give up this strategic enclave on the left bank of the Guadiana River, whose foreign control could, due to its proximity, represent a danger for the city of Badajoz. King Charles IV’s favorite aide, Manuel Godoy — First Secretary of State of the Kingdom of Spain — guaranteed in the Treaty of Badajoz (1801) that Portugal would recognize Olivenza as Spanish.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Spain (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-08-06): Asturias Forum or FAC [Carmen MORIYON] [...] Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR] [...] Spain-Portugal: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Portugal (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Portugal claims de jure sovereignty over Olivenza on the grounds of the cancellation of the Treaty of Badajoz, since it was revoked by its own terms. The breach of any of its articles would lead to its cancellation, and that happened when Spain invaded Portugal in the Peninsular War of 1807. Portugal further bases its case on Article 105 of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 (which Spain signed in 1817) that states that the winning countries are "committed to employ the mightiest conciliatory effort to return Olivenza to Portuguese authority" and that the winning countries "recognize that the return of Olivenza and its territories must be done".[41] Thus, the border between the two countries in the region of Olivenza should be demarcated by the Treaty of Alcanizes of 1297 and that the duty acknowledged by Spain to give back the region must be carried out.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Portugal (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): Defence minister Nuno Melo shocked Spaniards when he told local media that the town of Olivenza, in Badajoz, is ‘naturally Portuguese’, adding: "This is not a provocation." [...] "As far as Olivenza is concerned, the Portuguese state does not recognise it as being Spanish territory." [...] Meanwhile, the former president of Extremadura – and an Olivenza native – Guillermo Fernández Vara, wrote on X: "Olivenza is an Extremaduran and Spanish city, proud of its Portuguese past.
Claim: Olivenza is a territory of Portugal (Olivenza, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-16): The Extremaduran population of Olivenza (Badajoz) has lived for years in pleasant and peaceful coexistence with Portugal. But this weekend the call was revived Olivenza issue (the historic territorial claim that Portugal maintains over the towns of Olivenza and Táliga) after the surprising announcement by the Portuguese Minister of Defense, Nuno Melo, of awaken an old claim to Spain: to hand over Olivenza, right on the border of both countries. The issue has reached none other than the CIA. "Olivenza is Portuguese, naturally, and it is not a provocation," he said. Nuno Melo in statements to the media. Melo finished dlinking his statements to the Portuguese Governmentbut insisted on claiming that Olivenza is Portugal, based on the provisions of the Treaty of Alcañices in 1297 between the Crown of Castile and Portugal, by which the municipality passed to the neighboring country, although Olivenza returned to Spanish sovereignty during the War of las Naranjas, with the signing of the Treaty of Badajoz in 1801. [...] However, and in defense of Portugal, it is worth remembering that already in 2003, when it was made public The World Factbook of the CIA, the Portuguese Government, through the mouth of its then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martins da Cruzstated regarding the CIA publication that the Olivenza issue "it is frozen and should not be reopened"ensuring that "the Olivenza problem has been frozen since the Treaty of Vienna of 1815", rejected by Spain, which refused to cede the territory to Portugal, although it did not rule out that the issue could be resolved "at another time."