copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of Suriname (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Suriname is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, by French Guiana to the east, by Brazil to the south, and by Guyana to the west. Suriname is involved in territorial disputes with both Guyana and French Guiana that are legacies of colonial rule. The dispute with Guyana centres on the New River Triangle, a 6,000-square-mile (15,600-square-km) area between two tributaries of the Courantyne River in southern Guyana. In addition to claiming the New River Triangle, Suriname also contests its border with Guyana along the Courantyne: Suriname claims sovereignty over the entire river and thus views its west bank as the border, while Guyana claims that the thalweg, or deepest channel of the river, is the boundary. In 2007 a United Nations international tribunal settled another long-standing boundary dispute between the two countries, in which Suriname was awarded one-third of a disputed area of the Caribbean Sea. The area in contention with French Guiana is the 5,000-square-mile (13,000-square-km) region between the Itany and Marouini rivers in the southwestern corner of French Guiana. [...] Suriname’s major rivers flow northward into the Atlantic. They include the Courantyne, which forms part of the boundary with Guyana; the Coppename; the Suriname; and the Maroni, which forms part of the border with French Guiana. Suriname’s most fertile soils occur in the inundated lands reclaimed by diking and drainage (polders), which are principally in the New Coastal Plain.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of Suriname (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-01): Land Use Changes and Ecosystem Services Supply in Transboundary River Basins. The Case of the Maroni River (French Guiana/Suriname) The Maroni River in the Guiana Shield marks the border between French Guiana and Suriname. In the Maroni River Basin, as in many transboundary river basins of the world, socio-political borders criss-cross through natural ecosystems and hence intersect through ecological boundaries. As neighbouring countries share ecosystems, they also share inherent ecosystem processes, functions and, hence, the ecosystem services (ES) that these areas provide. However, life and land uses are changing in the river basin. A growing need for land, urbanization, a decrease of shifting cultivation patterns towards smallholder agriculture and a run for gold put pressure on natural ecosystems.Our work on ES in this area was twofold: under the umbrella of the ECOSEO Project, we conducted a first ecosystem services assessment for the river basin, extracted from two national ES assessments on the base of Land Use Land Cover data. In participatory expert workshops in Paramaribo, Suriname and Cayenne, French Guiana, stakeholders from the territory assessed the capacity of abundant ecosystem types to supply 21 different ecosystem services using a matrix-based approach. [...] Especially regulating ES in the Upper Maroni River were affected, with consequences on freshwater quality, supply of wild foods and fish and transportation for the entire lower River Basin.As LULC changes, especially gold mining-related activities, on both sides of the river have a severe degrading effect on ecosystem condition and related ES supply, cross- or transboundary conservation efforts are needed to safeguard ecosystems and their services for the population on both sides of the Maroni River.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of Suriname (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-16): French Guiana is a territory of France, and like Suriname next door, it is pretty unique in South America because it is not Spanish or Portuguese speaking. Instead, it is the only place in the continent that speaks French. The French first attempted to colonize the area and its hostile equatorial jungles in the 1600s with no success. Every wave of settlers was met with disaster. Plantations were eventually created using enslaved Africans, but the French colony remained an unsuccessful distant outpost. It wasn’t until the 1850s, during Napoleon’s time, that France realized the usefulness of the territory. Slavery had been outlawed in France, and French Guiana became an excellent alternative to send all of France’s prisoners, including political prisoners, along with unwanted formerly enslaved people. Prisoners would be used for forced labor in prison camps in the territory, and most would never survive their experience. The most notorious prisons were on Devil’s Island, an island in the Atlantic Ocean to the north of Saint Laurent along the Maroni River. Both prisons were built by prisoners for prisoners. Due to their isolation, surrounded by jungle or ocean were believed to be inescapable.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of Suriname (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-16): French Guiana is a French overseas territory located in South America. It shares a border to the west with Suriname, along the Maroni River, and to the east with Brazil along the Oyapock River. Although France has adopted the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, French Guiana’s 10,000 Indigenous inhabitants are facing a number of challenges, especially in relation to illegal gold mining affecting the natural habitats and the local populations who depend on those habitats. [...] French Guiana is a French overseas territory located in South America. It shares a border to the west with Suriname, along the Maroni River, and to the east with Brazil along the Oyapock River. It covers an area of 83,846 km2. The population numbers 268,700 inhabitants (INSEE, 2017) who live mainly in the capital of Cayenne and along the coast. The interior of the country is covered with dense equatorial forest and is only accessible by plane or canoe. [...] French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France in South America. It is bordered to the west by Suriname and to the south and east by Brazil. It has a population of 268,700 inhabitants (INSEE, 2017). The interior of the country is covered by dense equatorial forest that is only accessible by plane or canoe along the Maroni River to the west or the Oyapock River to the south-east. Ninety (90) per cent of the territory is owned by the French state, under the system of "terra nullius" that was applied during the colonial era, to the detriment of the Indigenous Peoples who were dispossessed of their lands.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-25): The Maroni (French: [maʁɔni]) or Marowijne (Dutch: [maːroːˈʋɛinə]; Sranan Tongo: Marwina-Liba) is a river in South America that forms the border between French Guiana and Suriname. Course [edit]The Maroni runs through the Guianan moist forests ecoregion.[1] It originates in the Tumuk Humak Mountains and forms the (disputed) border between France (region of French Guiana) and Suriname. In its upper reaches, it is also known as the Lawa, and close to its source it is known as the Litani. The total length of Litani, Lawa and Maroni is 612 km (380 mi).[2] [...] Territorial dispute [edit]In 1860, the question was posed from the French side, which of the two tributary rivers was the headwater, and thus the border. A joint French-Dutch commission was appointed to review the issue. The Dutch side of the commission consisted of J.H. Baron van Heerdt tot Eversberg, J.F.A. Cateau van Rosevelt and August Kappler. Luits Vidal, Ronmy, Boudet and Dr. Rech composed the French side. In 1861 measurements were taken, which produced the following result: the Lawa had a discharge of 35,960 m3/minute at a width of 436 m; the Tapanahony had a discharge of 20,291 m3/minute at a width of 285 m. Thus, the Lawa River was the headwater of the Maroni River.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-30): Fun fact: French Guiana is the only territory of the mainland Americas that is still officially part of a European country and the European Union. French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France! [...] The Maroni River forms a natural border with Suriname, flowing through the heart of French Guiana’s lush rainforests. Boat trips down this river offer an intimate glimpse into the lives of the Maroon communities, descendants of escaped African slaves who’ve retained their unique cultural heritage. [...] Situated on the Maroni River’s banks, Maripasoula is an exceptional place to encounter French Guiana’s indigenous Amerindian and Maroon cultures. It holds the title as France’s largest commune by land area and is accessible only by river or air.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-09): French Guiana (Guyane), an overseas territorial collectivity of France, is located on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. Almost the entire territory is covered by rainforest, and its many large rivers and streams constitute the only natural means of penetration into the interior. [...] An overseas territorial collectivity of France, French Guiana's capital is Cayenne. It is part of the region known as "The Guianas," which includes Guyana and Suriname. With a land area of 83,534 sq km (32,253 sq mi), it is mainland South America's smallest country or territory. [...] Numerous protected areas, such as national parks, nature reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries, cover a significant portion of the land and marine territory. Key among them are the Guiana Amazonian Park (Parc Amazonien de Guyane) and the Maroni River Nature Reserve.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-16): French Guiana is a territory of France, and like Suriname next door, it is pretty unique in South America because it is not Spanish or Portuguese speaking. Instead, it is the only place in the continent that speaks French. The French first attempted to colonize the area and its hostile equatorial jungles in the 1600s with no success. Every wave of settlers was met with disaster. Plantations were eventually created using enslaved Africans, but the French colony remained an unsuccessful distant outpost. It wasn’t until the 1850s, during Napoleon’s time, that France realized the usefulness of the territory. Slavery had been outlawed in France, and French Guiana became an excellent alternative to send all of France’s prisoners, including political prisoners, along with unwanted formerly enslaved people. Prisoners would be used for forced labor in prison camps in the territory, and most would never survive their experience. The most notorious prisons were on Devil’s Island, an island in the Atlantic Ocean to the north of Saint Laurent along the Maroni River. Both prisons were built by prisoners for prisoners. Due to their isolation, surrounded by jungle or ocean were believed to be inescapable.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-12-31): The Marouini River Tract and Its Colonial Legacy in South America @article{Donovan2004TheMR, title={The Marouini River Tract and Its Colonial Legacy in South America}, author={Thomas W. Donovan}, journal={Chicago-Kent journal of international and comparative law}, year={2004}, volume={4}, pages={1}, url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54062539} [...] In perhaps the most desolate and under-populated area in the South America lies one of the most lingering boundary conflicts of modern nations. Suriname and French Guiana (an overseas colony of France) dispute which of the upper tributaries of the Maroni River was originally intended to form the southern extension of their border. The Maroni River exists as the northern boundary between the two bordering nations on the Caribbean coast, and was intended to serve as the boundary to the Brazilian… studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu 1 Citation
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): A chronic issue affecting French Guiana is the influx of illegal immigrants and clandestine gold prospectors from Brazil and Suriname. The border between the department and Suriname, the Maroni River, flows through rain forest and is difficult for the Gendarmerie and the French Foreign Legion to patrol. There have been several phases launched by the French government to combat illegal gold mining in French Guiana, beginning with Operation Anaconda beginning in 2003, followed by Operation Harpie in 2008 and 2009 and Operation Harpie Reinforce in 2010. Colonel François Müller, the commander of French Guiana's gendarmes, believes these operations have been successful. However, after each operation ends, Brazilian miners, garimpeiros [fr], return.[69] Soon after Operation Harpie Reinforce began, an altercation took place between French authorities and Brazilian miners. On 12 March 2010 a team of French soldiers and border police were attacked while returning from a successful operation, during which "the soldiers had arrested 15 miners, confiscated three boats, and seized 617 grams of gold... currently worth about $22,317". Garimpeiros returned to retrieve their lost loot and colleagues.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-12-21): French Guiana: A tropical overseas territory Situated north of the Amazon rainforest, French Guiana is France’s only overseas territory on the American continent. Some 95% of its land is blanketed by tropical woodland. The Maroni river, which separates French Guiana from Suriname, is at the heart of people's lives. FRANCE 24 takes you to meet some of the locals, who make a living along the river's banks.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): The Malani (Dutch: Marowijnekreek), also Marouini (Dutch: Marowini), is a river in the disputed area between French Guiana and Suriname. According to Suriname, it is the border river,[1] however France considers the Litani the border.[2] The river has its source at Pic Coudreau in the Tumuk Humak Mountains. It has its mouth at the confluence with the Litany at Antecume Pata and continues its journey as the Lawa River. The Malani has a length of 245 kilometres (152 mi).[3] Name [edit]The river is known in Suriname and the Netherlands as the Marowijnekreek.[1] It used to be called Marouini in France, however the Wayana name of Malani is becoming the accepted version.[4][3] The names Marouini and Marowijnekreek were also used in the past for the Lawa River.[5] [...] The Malani Ouest and the Malani are considered one river - ^ Francis Dupuy. "Un territoire, deux peuples : autochtonie, histoire, légitimité dans le sud-ouest de la Guyane" (PDF). Université de la Réunion. p. 2. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Maroni River, river forming the boundary between French Guiana and Suriname (formerly Dutch Guiana), in South America. It rises on the northern slopes of the Tumuc-Humac Mountains, near the Brazilian border, and descends generally northward through dense tropical rain forests, to enter the Atlantic Ocean at Point Galibi, Suriname, about 19 miles (30 km) below the river ports of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana, and Albina, Suriname. For much of its 450-mile (725-kilometre) length the river divides French Guiana on the east from Suriname on the west. Its upper course is known as the Litani in Suriname, or Itany in French Guiana; its middle course, along which there is placer gold mining, is called the Lawa, or Aoua. Shallow-draft vessels can penetrate 60 miles (100 km) upstream from the river’s mouth; beyond that point there are many waterfalls and rapids. The river’s chief tributary is the Tapanahoni, in Suriname, from the southwest.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-09): • The Maroni River Natural border with Suriname, the Maroni is the longest river of Guiana. Going down part of the Maroni is a must because it is an essential communication route to the villages of Guyana. Several islands and 90 rapids punctuate its course: a real change of scenery! [...] Essential activities in French Guiana – Amazonia • Attend the laying of leatherback turtles on the beaches of Amana Located between the Organabo River and the Maroni River, this reserve is one of the world's most important sites for the laying of four species of sea turtles: the leatherback turtle, the green turtle, the olive ridley turtle and, rarer, the hawksbill turtle. It is also home to 286 species of birds and many mammals.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-28): French Guiana, overseas territorial collectivity of France, situated on the northeastern coast of South America. French Guiana is bounded by Brazil to the south and east, Suriname to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the northeast. The capital is Cayenne. Geologically, the rock underlying French Guiana forms part of the crystalline massif of the Guiana Highlands. Rivers—which flow generally northeastward, to the sea—have greatly eroded the massif, and most of French Guiana is low-lying. The Maroni River forms the French Guiana–Suriname border in the west, and the Oyapock River forms the border with Brazil in the east. The Tumuc-Humac Mountains in the south reach an elevation of 2,300 feet (700 metres). Recent alluvial deposits have formed a swampy coastal plain southeast of Cayenne. Older alluvial deposits form a savanna west of Cayenne. Dense tropical forests (mostly hardwoods) predominate outside the coastal plain and cover more than nine-tenths of the land area.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-01): French Guiana is an overseas department of France, located on the northern coast of South America. Like the other French departments, French Guiana is an overseas region of France, one of 26 regions of France. As a part of France, French Guiana is thus part of the European Union's territory, and its currency is the euro. [...] A chronic issue affecting French Guiana is the influx of illegal immigrants and clandestine gold prospectors from Brazil and Suriname. The border between the Department and Suriname is formed by the Maroni River, which flows through rainforest and is difficult for the Gendarmerie and the French Foreign Legion to patrol. The border line with Suriname is disputed. [...] Following the signing of an international treaty between France and Brazil in July 2005, a bridge over the Oyapock River (marking the border with Brazil) is currently being built and is due to open at the end of 2008. This bridge will be the first land crossing between France and Brazil, and indeed between French Guiana and the rest of the world (there exists no other bridge crossing the Oyapock River, and no bridge crossing the Maroni River marking the border with Suriname). When the bridge is opened, it will be possible to drive uninterrupted from Cayenne to Macapá, the capital of the state of Amapá, in Brazil.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-09): The Malani (Dutch: Marowijnekreek), also Marouini (Dutch: Marowini), is a river in the disputed area between French Guiana and Suriname. According to Suriname, it is the border river,[1] however France considers the Litani the border.[2] The river has its source at Pic Coudreau in the Tumuk Humak Mountains. It has its mouth at the confluence with the Litany at Antecume Pata and continues its journey as the Lawa River. The Malani has a length of 245 kilometres (152 mi).[3] The river is known in Suriname and the Netherlands as the Marowijnekreek.[1] It used to be called Marouini in France, however the Wayana name of Malani is becoming the accepted version.[4][3] The names Marouini and Marowijnekreek were also used in the past for the Lawa River.[5] The Malani has its source at Pic Coudreau, a 711 metres (2,333 ft) high inselberg in the Tumuk Humak Mountains near the border with Brazil.[6] The river first heads south and makes a 180 degree turn around Pic Coudreau and continues its journey northwards through the tropical rainforest. The largest tributary is the Wanapi which measures 92 kilometres (57 mi).[7] After a meandering journey of 245 kilometres (152 mi), there is a confluence with the Litani, and both rivers continue as the Lawa River. The Lawa in turn flows into the Maroni which has its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean.[3]
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): French Guiana , French Guyane Française, Overseas department of France, northeastern coast of South America. Area: 32,373 sq mi (83,846 sq km). Population: (2024 est.) 311,400. Capital: Cayenne. It is bounded by Brazil to the south and east, by Suriname to the west, and by the Atlantic Ocean to the northeast. Most of French Guiana is low-lying, with mountains in the south and a swampy coastal plain. The Maroni River forms the border with Suriname. French Guiana’s population is mostly Creole. The principal languages are French (official) and creole; nine-tenths of the people are Roman Catholic. Originally settled by the Spanish, French, and Dutch, the territory of French Guiana was awarded to France in 1667, and the inhabitants were made French citizens after 1877. By 1852 the French began using the territory for penal settlement; the penal colony at Devils Island was notorious. French Guiana became a department of France in 1946; the penal colonies were closed by 1953.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2007-10-01): At the beginning of January 2004, the health services of French Guiana (Directorate of Health and Social Development) were informed by the Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology at Hospital of Cayenne (Cayenne, French Guiana) of 5 cases of multivisceral toxoplasmosis in adults, including 1 case that resulted in death and 2 cases of lethal congenital toxoplasmosis (in 1 fetus and 1 newborn). All of the patients resided in the village of Patam. This small, rural Surinamese village, located near the French Guianan border between the Maroni River (∼1 km from the village) and the Surinamese frontier town of Albina (∼5 km from the village), is surrounded by the Amazonian forest. Thirty-four Maroon persons belonging to the same family were living in the village. The eldest inhabitants were 2 sisters living with their descendents. The first 4 patients (including 2 pregnant women) were hospitalized in the French hospital of Saint-Laurent-du Maroni (Saint-Laurent-du Maroni, French Guiana). A serological diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis was made on the basis of a high level of anti-Toxoplasma IgG, presence of IgM, and low avidity (<30%) of IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. At the same time, a fifth patient from Patam was admitted to the hospital in Paramaribo, Suriname.
Claim: Marouini River is a territory of France (Marouini River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-07): - Sondag, F.; Guyot, J.L.; Moquet, J.S.; Laraque, A.; Adele, G.; Cochonneau, G.; Doudou, J.C.; Lagane, C.; Vauchel, P. Suspended sediment and dissolved load budgets of two Amazonian rivers from the Guiana Shield: Maroni River at LangaTabiki and Oyapock River at SautMaripa (French Guiana). Hydrol. Process. Int. J. 2010, 24, 1433–1445. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version] [...] Abascal-Zorrilla, N.; Vantrepotte, V.; Huybrechts, N.; Ngoc, D.D.; Anthony, E.J.; Gardel, A. Dynamics of the Estuarine Turbidity Maximum Zone from Landsat-8 Data: The Case of the Maroni River Estuary, French Guiana. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132173 [...] Chicago/Turabian StyleAbascal-Zorrilla, Noelia, Vincent Vantrepotte, Nicolas Huybrechts, Dat Dinh Ngoc, Edward J. Anthony, and Antoine Gardel. 2020. "Dynamics of the Estuarine Turbidity Maximum Zone from Landsat-8 Data: The Case of the Maroni River Estuary, French Guiana" Remote Sensing 12, no. 13: 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132173