copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Chandigarh (/ˌtʃʌndɪˈɡɑːr/) is a city and union territory in northern India, serving as the shared capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana. Situated near the foothills of the Himalayas, it borders Haryana to the east and Punjab in the remaining directions. Chandigarh constitutes the bulk of the Chandigarh Capital Region or Greater Chandigarh, which also includes the adjacent satellite cities of Panchkula in Haryana and Mohali in Punjab. It is located 260 km (162 miles) north of New Delhi and 229 km (143 miles) southeast of Amritsar. [...] Government and politics [edit]Administrator of the Union Territory [edit]Article 239 of the Constitution of India provides for the administration of the Union Territories by the President through an administrator.[64] Since 1984 the Governor of Punjab has served concurrently as the administrator of Chandigarh. Gulab Chand Kataria has been the administrator of the union territory since 27 July 2024.[65] [...] External links [edit]- Government - General information - Chandigarh at Curlie - Geographic data related to Chandigarh at OpenStreetMap - Chandigarh - North India - Planned capitals - 1948 establishments in India - Districts of Chandigarh - Indian union territory capitals - Le Corbusier buildings in India - Planned communities in India - Populated places established in 1948 - States and union territories of India - Union territories of India - Tourist attractions in Chandigarh - Smart cities in India
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-17): - ^ Shillong was the joint capital of Assam and Meghalaya until 1972.[3] [...] - ^ Gangtok has been the capital of Sikkim since 1890. Kingdom of Sikkim joined the Indian Union in 1975.[6] [...] Citations - ^ "Jammu and Kashmir bifurcated: India has one less state, gets two new UTs in J&K, Ladakh". India Today. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): The Jad people are a semi-nomadic tribe living in the Great Himalayas mountain range in the Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand states of India. They are primarily settled in the bordering region of Uttarakhand (Uttarkashi district), Himachal Pradesh (Kinnaur district) and Tibet. They mainly practiced sheep rearing and were shrewd traders trading with the Tibet. They were also recognised as the rulers of the Gartang Garh (one among the 52 Garhs or forts of the Garhwal Kingdom). They were entrusted by the King of Garhwal, with the important strategic task of securing the borders of Garhwal Kingdom from the Bushahr kingdom of Himachal and the Tibetan Empire. [...] Etymology [edit]Jadhang village itself and the Jad people living in Jadhang and Nelang valley are named after a man named Jadha, who was resettled here in 1849 by British adventurer Frederick Wilson. The settlement document of the Garhwal Kingdom, which administered this area, from that era reads, "Wilson invited certain Jadha from the upper Pargana of Kunawar in Bashahr state (now in Himachal Pradesh) to settle at Nilang, re-establish the hamlet of Jadhang and administered the area on behalf of Maharaja Bhavani Shah [r. 1859-71 CE]." Wilson also built the Gartang Gali stairway.[2]
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-11): The places are Nilang (also written as Nelang), a village located in the Jadh Ganga valley, Jadhang (or Jadhung) and Pulam Sumda, the latter two lying on the upper reaches, towards the India-Tibet frontier. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) with the Chinese army occupying Tibet is located on top of the ridge. [...] At one point, the British, great adepts of compromise, suggested that Nelang could remain with Tehri State while Jadhang would go to Tibet. But a complication soon cropped up: Jadhang (and even Nelang) was claimed by the Bashahr state. [...] Already in May 1950, the Ministry of External Affairs had sent a note to the Ministry of Defence asking the latter to comment on the feasibility of occupying the Nelang/Jadhang area. The Political Officer in Sikkim had noted: 'The guiding principle in the new circumstances must, however, be the Government of India's ability to vindicate what they would regard as the appropriate frontier.'
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-13): For Beijing, there are six ‘disputed’ areas in the Central Sector which stretch over the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, namely Chuva-Chuje, near Sumdo/Kaurik in Kinnaur district, an area south of Shipki-la (pass) in the same district; Nilang-Jadhang in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand; and three areas in Chamoli district, namely Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla.To these, one should add Kalapani/Lipulekh, recently included in Nepal’s new maps. [...] This is another tenuous claim from China, with no historical, cartographical or geographical backup. Presently, it is a dormant claim, but with Beijing claiming parts of Ladakh, it is worth looking into the facts. [...] Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-04): Jadhang (जादंग) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. [...] Nelang and Jadhang villages are inhabited by the Char Bhutia tribe who practice Buddhism. During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, India evacuated these villages. The villagers of Nelong-Jadhang villages situated on Indo-China border have a twinge of eviction during Indo-China War of 1962. The elders of the border area say that the Indo-China war went on from October 20 to November 21 in 1962. The next year, when they started going to their villages, the government stopped them. Their Nelong and Jadhang villages were handed over to the army, declaring a threat from China. The villagers of Nelong-Jadhang used to migrate to the traditional pasture camps of Dunda, Tehri, Mussoorie, Rishikesh, and Dehradun with their flocks. The villagers returned from these villages to their winter camps in the month of September before Diwali in 1962. The security of this border was dependent on the police and the Special Task Force. Later ITBP and Army were deployed here.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Ladakh (/ləˈdɑːk/)[10] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959.[2] Ladakh is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east, the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh to the south, both the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan to the west, and the southwest corner of Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in the far north. It extends from the Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram range to the north to the main Great Himalayas to the south.[11][12] The eastern end, consisting of the uninhabited Aksai Chin plains, is claimed by the Indian Government as part of Ladakh, but has been under Chinese control.[13][14][15][16] [...] Ladakh was established as a union territory of India on 31 October 2019, following the passage of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act. Prior to that, it was part of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ladakh is both the largest and the second least populous union territory of India.[22][citation needed]
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-18): Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. [...] Jadhang village itself and Jad people living in Jadhang and Nelang valley are named after a man "Jadha" who was resettled here by British adventurer Frederick Wilson. The settlement document of Garhwal Kingdom, which administered this area, from that era reads, "Wilson invited certain Jadha from the upper Pargana of Kunawar in Bashahr state (now in Himachal Pradesh) to settle at Nilang, re-establish the hamlet of Jadhang and administered the area on behalf of Maharaja Bhavani Shah [r. 1859-71 CE]."[3] [...] The India-held valley of the Jadh Ganga river is also claimed by China.[4]
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-18): Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Mana Pass and some of the nearby villages are Tirpani, Nelang and Pulam Sumda, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[1] [...] The valley of the Jadh Ganga is claimed by China.[2]
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-02-22): Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Mana Pass and some of the nearby villages are , Nelang and Pulam Sumda, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-28): Nilang/Jadhang is the third places ‘disputed’ by China in the Central Sector (going westward). [...] The Report of 1960 further noted: "In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas." The Indian delegates argued that the traditional and customary boundary in this sector lay along the watershed range, marked by the passes of Tsangchok La, Mana, Niti, Tunjun La, Balcha Dhura, Kungri Bingri, Darma and Lipulekh; therefor "Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda were in Uttarkashi district (formerly Tehri-Garhwal State), Barahoti in Garhwal district and Sangchamalla and Lapthal in Almora district, in Uttar Pradesh State."
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-10): Four states—Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh—as well as the Union Territory of Ladakh (formerly the state of Jammu and Kashmir) border China. [...] It is situated between China's Xinjiang Province and the Union Territory of Ladakh, once the state of Jammu and Kashmir. [...] Nelang, Pulam Sumda,Sang, Jadhang and Lapthal( Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand).
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-08-19): The Jadhs of Jadhung (Jadh-Dung) [...] The name Jadung seems to have come from the compound word Jadh (name of the tribe that inhabited the valley)- Dung (Mountain). [...] Jadung was tucked away too far into the center of the Nelang watershed. For example the British Army map of Garhwal in 1936 does not mention about any detail ahead of Jadung except for some vague and inaccurate contour lines (including erroneous plot of the origin of Jadung Gaad)
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): 6 Six border passes (specified in the Agreement between China and India on Trade and Intercourse, 1954, Lok Sabha Secretariat, Foreign Policy of India, Text of Documents, 1947-58, p. 87 (1958)) are Shipki, Mana, Niti, Kungri, Bingri, Darma, and Lipu Lekh. Specific places under controversy include: Spiti area (Chuva and Chuji), Shipki Pass, Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha), Barahoti (Wu-je), Sangchamalla and Lapthal. Report, at CE-39. [...] 56 Additional evidence of China's acceptance of India's responsibilities towards Bhutan can be afforded by the fact that the Indian Government has taken up a number of matters with the Chinese Government on behalf of Bhutan, including the delineation of Bhutan's external boundaries. Report, at 199. [...] 93 Ladakh was part of the Harsha Empire in the seventh century A.D. The account of the noted Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang about his extensive travels in Northern India at that time included a spirited reference to the State of Kashmir and Ladakh. For a brief description of the subsequent history, see White Paper II, at 128-130.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Jadhang, India on the map — exact time, time zone Exact time and date — Jadhang, India. [...] Jadhang is located in the time zone India Standard Time. Data on the UTC standard, universal coordinated time.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-18): Disputes along the Himalayan border [change | change source]Former Kingdom of Sikkim [change | change source]In 1975 India annexed the territory of Sikkim. This was rejected by China. Today, the Sikkim-China border's most northern point, "The Finger", is still disputed.[2]
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-11): During a recent inspection of the central sector of the LAC in Uttarakhand, CDS Anil Chauhan urged local formations to assist in rehabilitating Nelang and Jadung villages, which have been abandoned since 1962 Indo-China war. [...] Attempts are also underway to promote the Jadh festival in Jadhang village, with plans to assist in constructing local temples. [...] The officials feel that the Jadung village should be developed on priority followed by the Nelang village as it involves relocating military infrastructure to advance positions, contributing to the overall forward development of the area.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-23): The places are Nilang (also written as Nelang), a village located in the Jadh Ganga valley, Jadhang (or Jadhung) and Pulam Sumda, the latter two lying on the upper reaches, towards the India-Tibet frontier. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) with the Chinese army occupying Tibet is located on top of the ridge. [...] At one point, the British, great adepts of compromise, suggested that Nelang could remain with Tehri State while Jadhang would go to Tibet. But a complication soon cropped up, Jadhang (and even Nelang) was claimed by the Bashahr state. [...] Already in May 1950, the ministry of external affairs had sent a note to the ministry of defence asking the latter to comment on the feasibility to occupy the Nelang/Jadhang area; the Political Officer in Sikkim had noted: 'The guiding principle in the new circumstances must however be the Government of India's ability to vindicate what they would regard as the appropriate frontier.'
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-04-22): For Beijing, there are six ‘disputed’ areas in the Central Sector which stretch over the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand; namely Chuva-Chuje, near Sumdo/Kaurik in Kinnaur district, an area south of Shipki-la (pass) in the same district; Nilang-Jadhang in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand; and three areas in Chamoli district, namely Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla; to this one should add Kalapani/Lipulekh, recently includedin Nepal’s new maps. [...] On September 1, 1956, Delhi received a report that a party of about 10 Chinese Army personnel entered and took up position about 2 furlongs from Hupsong Khad on the Indian side of Shipki-la Pass. Later, the Chinese withdrew after an officer of the Indian Border Police informed the Chinese that the Indian territory extended up to the Shipki-la. But the matter continued to be discussed during the following years. Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-11): NEW DELHI: Working towards development of villages on the northern borders, Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan has directed the local Army formations to help in the rehabilitation of Nelang and Jadhang villages in Uttarakhand near the China border. [...] "Operation Sadbhavna has also been extended to these areas where the Army formations can also carry out activities to support the villages. As part of these, the CDS has directed the local Army units to help rehabilitate the villages of Nelang and Jadhang," defence officials told ANI. [...] The attempt is also to promote the Jadh festival of the Jadhang village where the natives visit their local devatas (deities) and the Army is also trying to help them build their temples there, they said.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The Jadhs of Jadhung (Jadh-Dung) The name Jadung seems to have come from Jadh (name of the tribe that inhabited the valley) and Dung (mountain). The British mapmakers have mentioned this place as Jadhang, but all local residents of Uttarkashi use the name Jadung (perhaps Jadh-Dung) for this village and valley. The pronunciation agrees well with the nomenclature. Agriculture, livestock and commerce drove economy of their villages of Jadh-Dung and Nelang2. The Jadh population3 is estimated at around 2500 today of which more than 60% are residents of the Kinnaur valley in Himachal and the rest in the villages of Harsil and Dunda in Uttarakhand. Although of predominantly Bhotia origins, the Jadh people have a strong Garhwali influence. Even though they have converted to Buddhism and changed their rituals during the time of Tibetan domination; the legend of King Janak and festivals like Pandav Lila4 continues to live on in the Jadh consciousness. [...] Romesh Bhattacharjee and Harish Kapadia visited the area in 1990 and documented the Tirpani gad and Mana gad valleys respectively. Today, nestled in that pretty valley of Jahnavi, the quaint little village of Jadung stands neglected and ruined. However, during all these developments, geographical details of the Jadung area were never recorded. In fact most of the mapping and documentation focus of the British explorers were on the passes going out to Tibet or Badrinath - (Tsangchok la/ Jelu Khaga, Thaga la and Muling la to Tibet and Tara col / Arwa col to Badrinath). For example the British army map of Garhwal in 1936 does not mention Janak tal ahead of Jadung.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-15): Nelang and Jadhang were the only two villages in this vast valley. Now both are evacuated for the last 30 years and people resettled near Harsil, just behind the ex-private Wilson’s bungalow. [...] A little ahead of Nelang, at Naga, is the confluence of Nilapani gad and Jadh ganga. Up north from here at Dosindhu, the Jadhang and Jadh ganga meet. On the Jadhang gad was a village of the same name. The original name of Jadh ganga is Jahanvi with an interesting legend narrated in the ancient Indian text of the Puranas. King Jahnu was disturbed by the whole place being flooded by the waters of the Ganga. He drank up the Ganga in anger which, by intercession of the gods was restored as his daughter; hence the river is called the Jahanvi. Jahnu’s wife was Kaveri, who by his curse became the river Kaveri, which flows south of Madras in South India. Thus both mother and daughter are rivers. The connection between the Jadh ganga valley and Madras can be baffling like many ancient tales! [...] Dosindhu: Meeting of two-rivers, here Jadh ganga (Jahanvi) and Jadhang.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-20): Lapthal is located in the Pithoragarh district and Chamoli district of Uttarakahand, India.[1] Lapthal is historically part of India territory and currently controlled by India with some claim on the region by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. Origins of Lapthal [edit]The Lapthal Region, located in Pithoragarh District in the north-east of Uttarakhand, Himalayas, holds a fascinating geological history that traces back to the ancient Tethys Sea. During the Mesozoic Era, the Tethys Sea was a vast ocean separating the supercontinents of Gondwana and Laurasia. As tectonic movements gradually pushed these landmasses together, the Tethys Sea began to close, giving rise to the majestic Himalayas. Today, the Lapthal Region offers a rare glimpse into this bygone era, with marine fossils and sedimentary rock formations that once lay at the bottom of the Tethys Sea now visible on the surface. These geological remnants provide invaluable insights into the Earth's dynamic history and the processes that shaped the current Himalayan landscape. [2][3][4] [...] Presently, access to Lapthal is limited to trekking routes from Sumna in Chamoli or Munsiyari in Pithoragarh, although the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has plans to construct a new route from Sumna to Lapthal.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-08): At the 15th meeting at Beijing on July 18, 1960, while answering the question of the Indian side, the Chinese suddenly stated that Barahoti (Wu-je), Sangchamalla and Lapthal formed one composite area on the Chinese side of the alignment claimed by them, and there was no Indian territory wedged between these three pockets. [...] The Report continued: "In the winter of 1958, when according to usual practice, the Indian border check-posts retired south, Chinese patrols for the first time intruded into these two places; in 1959 the Chinese Government put forward a claim to these places; and now for the first time it was stated that Wu-je, Sangchamalla and Lapthal formed one composite area and the Chinese side claimed not merely these three places but also the territory lying between them, even though in the description given at an early stage of the meetings, Wu-je, Sangchamalla and Lapthal were specified as three separate places." [...] The Chinese negotiators had quoted a passage from Strachey who said that Lapthal was more accessible from Tibet: "But comparative accessibility has never been a criterion in the determination of a boundary."
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-17): The territory of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has frequently been revised since its formation on 1 October 1949.
Claim: Lapthal is a territory of Republic of China (Lapthal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): The territory of China lies between latitudes 18° and 54° N, and longitudes 73° and 135° E. China's landscapes vary significantly across its vast width. In the east, along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, there are extensive and densely populated alluvial plains, while on the edges of the Inner Mongolian plateau in the north, broad grasslands predominate. Southern China is dominated by hills and low mountain ranges, while the central-east hosts the deltas of China's two major rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Other major rivers include the Xi, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur. To the west sit major mountain ranges, most notably the Himalayas. High plateaus feature among the more arid landscapes of the north, such as the Taklamakan and the Gobi Desert. The world's highest point, Mount Everest (8,848m), lies on the Sino-Nepalese border. The country's lowest point, and the world's third-lowest, is the dried lake bed of Ayding Lake (−154m) in the Turpan Depression.