copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-03): Stung Treng[2] (Khmer: ស្ទឹងត្រែង, UNGEGN: Stœ̆ng Trêng [stɨŋ traeŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງແຕງ, Xiang Taeng, pronounced [sía̯ŋ tɛ̀ːŋ]; lit. "River of Reeds") is a province of Cambodia in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratié to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong River bisects the province. The province is mostly covered by forest, but logging and fishing put high pressure on the forest and fishery reserves.[3] [...] Stung Treng was first a part of the Khmer Empire, then the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, and later the Lao kingdom of Champasak. After the Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893, Chiang Taeng (Stung Treng) was administered by French Lower Laos from 1893 to 1904. In 1904 French Laos traded the province to the French Protectorate of Cambodia in exchange for Champassak, leaving a small Laotian minority in Cambodia. [...] Stung Treng province, which covers an area of 11,092 square kilometers borders Laos to the north, Ratanakiri to the east, Preah Vihear to the west and Kratié and Kampong Thom to the south.[7]
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-01-27): It was formerly called Xieng Teng and was once a part of the vast Khmer Empire, then the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang and later the Lao kingdom of Champassack. During the period of French Indochina it was again ceded to Cambodia. The provincial capital is also named Stung Treng and is an important trade hub with a few hints of Lao influence scattered about, owing to the fact that the Lao border is about 50 km away. It’s a friendly, quiet country town situated on the confluence of the San River and the Mekong River. It actually sits on the banks …
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-25): Stung Treng (also Stoeng Treng, Khmer: ស្ទឹងត្រែង) is a small town in northeastern Cambodia, and can easily be described with the word "outpost" more than anything else. Many tourists heading to/from Laos pass through here, though few stay long as Banlung and Kratie offer far more excitement, activities and remedies. [...] Do [edit]Stung Treng Province is a beautiful place with some historical value as well. The Ramsar site to the north that connects to Laos is a real treat to explore and several (nearly extinct) Irrawaddy dolphin pools surround this charming provincial town. Furthermore, several NGOs such as Tourism for Help and Mlub Baitong are active in the region and welcome any kind of support from travellers where needed. The town links well to Banlung (Ratanakiri) and can be used for more than just a stopover. Hikes are available to see the 4,000 Islands area from the mountain top and the unique merging of 4 main rivers (also known as the Mekong plus 3 Area) makes the place for a great river exploration. [...] Border crossing to Laos [edit]Stung Treng is the last major town before the Nong Nok Khiene Border Crossing into Laos. Minibus from some other Cambodian cities that go to Laos (e.g. to 4000 Islands / Don Det or Pakse) thru this checkpoint usually change bus in this town, that is, passengers change into another van specifically going the Stung Treng -> Nong Nok Khiene border, where passegers cross the border into Laos on foot, then board a different, Laotian minibus to continue the rest of the journey.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-26): Appearance (Redirected from Stung Treng Province) The capital city is also named Stung Treng. The Mekong River bisects the province. It one of the few provinces where you can see the rare and endangered Irrawaddy dolphins.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-22): Project : KH005 Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary - Stung Treng REDD+ project [...] Region/State/Province etc: Siem Bouk and Thala Barivat districts, Stung Treng Province City/Town/Community etc: The project area is majority of forest area in Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary portion within Stung Treng province and the activity area comprises of the communes Siem Bouk, Anlong Chrey Anlong Phe and Kang Cham
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-06-09): In the 1960s the brilliant jurist and nationalist Khmer student Sarin Chhak wrote a political science doctoral dissertation in Paris, focusing on the borders between Cambodia and Laos and South Vietnam. His thesis was later published as a book.Footnote 66 Chhak argued not only that Stung Treng should be part of Cambodia, but also parts of present-day Laos, such as Attapeu, and from Vat Phou in Champasak south, since ruins there indicated that Khmers once inhabited areas north of the present Laos–Cambodia border. He emphasised that the territories that were previously occupied by Khmers, including the Pakse region (in present-day Laos), and areas lost to Vietnam, including Dak Lak Province, and areas of the Song Be, Tay Ninh, Go Dau Ha and Ha Tien further south should belong to Cambodia. Later he became Cambodia's Ambassador in Egypt, and in 1970 he became Foreign Minister for the Royal Government for the National Unification of Kampuchea (GRUNK), the pro-Sihanouk government in-exile established by a broad coalition of leftists and neutralists, based in Beijing, China.Footnote 67 He remained Foreign Minister for a short period even after Cambodia came under the full control of the Khmer Rouge in 1975, but without any real power.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-17): Given the existing drastic variations of malaria conditions in Cambodia, this work aimed to study the mosquito diversity and molecular phylogeny of secondary vectors i.e., An. nivipes in the Cambodia-Laos border. Siem Pang County (Stung treng Province) was taken as the investigation site and mosquito surveillance was firstly performed. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (COII) of mtDNA from An. nivipes samples were subsequently sequenced. Furthermore, the gene variability and phylogenetic relationship of An. nivipes along the Cambodia-Laos border were investigated and compared with other samples from India, Thailand, and Myanmar for examining their gene relations. This work largely aimed at gaining more insights into the continuous surveillance of mosquito vectors, as well as molecular phylogeny and evolution of An. nivipes in the Cambodia-Laos border by using an effective genetic marker, mtDNA-COII. Stung treng borders Laos in the north and is located on the east bank of the Mekong River. This endemic region takes up nearly 11,000 square kilometres and has about 42,000 residents. The average population density is 3.82 people per square kilometre. It has dense forests, diversified landforms, the temperature changes greatly and the annual rainfall is 1800 mm.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1997-01-01): Koh Kong, Preah Vihear, Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Cham, Kratie, and Stung Treng provinces. Marijuana production and trafficking is not thought to have a major effect on the U.S. The country's principal involvement in the international narcotics trade is as a transit route for Southeast Asian heroin to overseas markets, including the United States. There are numerous reports that narcotics traffickers, alien smugglers, and other criminals have found refuge in Cambodia. [...] Cambodia shares borders with Thailand, Laos and Vietnam and lies near the major trafficking routes for Southeast Asian heroin. The country's recently-formed enforcement agencies have very few resources, and generally lack even basic training in law enforcement techniques and drug enforcement measures, including drug identification. The country's geographical location and the lack of funds for training and operations make Cambodia a vulnerable target for drug traffickers and money launderers operating in Southeast Asia.Anecdotal evidence and reports of seizures by the Cambodian authorities suggest that Cambodia is a viable trafficking route and may be emerging as a magnet for ethnic Chinese groups involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, and alien smuggling. [...] RGC in 1998, including narcotics control. Nonetheless, in 1998 the RGC translated into Khmer and forwarded to the Council of Ministers one of the two UN Drug
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Oknha Try Pheap’s illegal logging network starts with individuals hired to seek out luxury timber, often inside national parks. Many local villagers say they were reluctant to become involved in the trade but were either threatened or coerced with ‘cash gifts’. Virachey National Park, Stung Treng Province, 2014. [...] Subcontractors hired by Oknha Try Pheap all have individual identification codes used to mark the trees they fell, so can be easily tracked. Virachey National Park, Stung Treng Province, 2014. Many of the areas of Virachey National Park being targeted by the Try Pheap Group are so remote that timber must be transported across a number of large rivers to the depots. Sesan River, Stung Treng Province, 2014.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-02-22): Cambodia stands at the crossroads of economic growth and natural resource preservation. It has a vibrant young population, one of the highest rates of deforestation of any country on the planet, and significant development challenges. Private sector interests in cash crops, timber, and textile mills compete with Cambodia’s need to feed its people and protect its natural resources. Government decision-makers must try to balance private investments with sustainable development goals. It has been difficult to compare the potential benefits and costs of development options because decision-makers lacked information. [...] Local communes use the WESTool to create land-use plans and evaluate how dams, roads, and other land-use decisions will affect the landscape. "Just by clicking on the tools in the WESTool home page, we can see potential impacts regarding land use, deforestation, drought, or flood modeling," said Ley Phanna, chief of the Planning and Supporting Communes office in Stung Treng Province, Cambodia.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-30): The study was conducted in July 2018 and from June to July 2019 at Siem Pang village in the Cambodian Siem Pang District of Stung Treng Province (14°20’N, 106°38’E) along the Cambodia-Laos border, and also Loum village in Thai Pak Lay Town of Sainyabuli Province (19°39’N, 101°82’E) along the Thailand-Laos border, and Pangkhom village in Lao Yot Ou District of Phongsaly Province (22°12’N, 101°79’E) along China-Laos border, respectively (Fig. 1). The sentinel sites for mosquito collection are 63.5, 689.7 and 398.6 m above sea level respectively, close to forested hillsides and adjacent to rice farming wetlands. Ten ethnic minorities with a total population of 25 348 in 2018 reside at Siem Pang village in the Siem Pang District. There are 666 local residents (Dai Ethnic Group, Flatland region) in 325 households in Loum village of Yot Ou District, and 1 210 local residents (Laotian Ethnic Group, Semi-mountainous area) in 127 households in Pangkhom village of Pak Lay Town, respectively, in 2019.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): STUNG TRENG, Cambodia — Rain poured down in torrential sheets as Ouk Mao guided reporters through the winding dirt tracks that were, in August, rutted with deep trenches of mud and rainwater as Cambodia’s wet season began in earnest. Thunder cracked across the largely flat plains of Stung Treng province, in Cambodia’s northeast, and Mao joked about getting struck by lightning as he led Mongabay to the foot of Phnom Chhngok, a limestone mountain some 45 kilometers (28 miles) west of the provincial capital. [...] Men Kong, the Stung Treng provincial administration’s spokesperson, also denied that anything was happening in the community forest and claimed there was no connection between Lin Vatey and the apparent privatization of land by Lin Vatey’s directors and their families.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-02-02): China Eximbank provides $113.4 million preferential buyer’s credit for National Road No. 214 (NR 214) and 6th Cambodia-China Friendship Mekong-Stung Treng Bridge Project [...] On February 2, 2012, China Eximbank and the Government of Cambodia signed a $113,441,875 preferential buyer’s credit( PBC) agreement for the National Road No. 214 (NR 214) and 6th Cambodia-China Friendship Mekong-Stung Treng Bridge Project. The PBC carried the following terms: 20-year maturity, 7-year grace period, and 2% interest rate. The proceeds of the PBC were to be used by the borrower to partially finance an EPC (commercial) contract between Shanghai Construction Group (SCG), which was signed on August 20, 2011. The purpose of this project was to (a) construct a 1,731-meter bridge (the 6th Cambodia-China Friendship Bridge or Stung Treng Bridge) over the Mekong River at the Junction of NR7 & NR9 in Stung Treng, and (b) construct a 143.412 km National Road No. 214 (NR 214) that stretches from PK458 of NR 7 in Stung Treng Province to PK130 of NR 62 in Preah Vihear Province. SCG was the EPC contractor responsible for implementation. The project was supervised by Guangzhou Wanan Construction Supervision Company. The expected duration of the construction period was 45 months. Road construction started on May 8, 2012, and bridge construction began on April 15, 2012.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): STUNG TRENG, Cambodia — It was late in the afternoon of Sept. 16 when Ouk Mao finally answered his phone. The environmental journalist had spent much of that Monday making preparations in case he was jailed the next day. Mao was accused of illegal logging in the northeastern province of Stung Treng. Mao is known in his community for having played a key role in exposing a land grab perpetrated by mining company Lin Vatey, which has ties to senior figures within the Cambodian military. [...] Over the course of 2022 and 2023, Mongabay investigated a massive illegal logging operation in what is now Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park in Stung Treng province. We uncovered that the ultimate beneficial owner of the operation was Meuk Saphannareth, deputy director of Cambodia’s prisons department and a three-star military general.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-08-11): Hun Sen accuses Laotian troops of trespassing into border area and threatens military response if they fail to withdraw. [...] Hun Sen said on Friday that about 30 Laos soldiers crossed into Cambodian territory in April in northern Stung Treng province despite repeated requests by his government for them to leave the area. [...] "I appeal to Laos Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith to withdraw troops from Cambodian territory without any conditions," Hun Sen said during a ceremony in the capital, Phnom Penh.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-10-13): The alarm was sounded early that day in the province of Battambang. It was October 2020 and heavy rains in the provinces cradled by the Mekong River Basin were causing severe flooding. The authorities' evacuation orders saved the lives of many people, despite the significant property damage. Unfortunately, others were not as lucky. Cambodia is one of the countries most vulnerable to severe flooding during low season (mid-May to mid-October). But this could change in the coming years thanks to new technologies. The Czech NGO People in Need launched an initiative in 2013 to develop an instrument using these technologies. Codenamed EWS 1294 (for Early Warning System), this instrument contains cutting-edge technology providing systematic warnings for the population when heavy rainfall or high-water risks become particularly acute. Coupled with another system that collects groundwater level data, EWS 1294 aims to reinforce people's resilience and help local authorities better coordinate their decision-making, enabling immediate, rapid responses. First tested in 2013, the system has been the hub of cooperation at all levels, making it one of the most promising pilot projects in the region. There has been almost universal support at both the regional and national levels. Internationally, several governmental and non-governmental actors have funded the technology's upscaling, including the UNDP, the United Nations Development Programme. Switzerland, for its part, has been supporting the project since December 2017.
Claim: Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia (Stung Treng Province, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-07): Indigenous peoples are found in 22 provinces throughout Cambodia, with the majority of them concentrated in the northern and northeast parts, including Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Kratie, Preah Vihear, and Stung Treng provinces. The spread of indigenous peoples could be attributed to occupation, education, marriages, and other factors.11 The long-term well-being of indigenous cultures is strongly linked to their land use systems and access to forest resources. They practice rotational (shifting) cultivation and animal husbandry, and in forests, harvest rattan and vine, resin, cardamom, and honey. Weaving is another key source of income. Some income sources depend on location, such as zircon gemstone mining outside Banlung in Ratanakiri. [...] By 2022, 152 indigenous communities have registered with the Ministry of Interior (MoI) as legal entities, and 94 have requested communal land titles from the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC). 26 of these communities were suspended due to various challenges and encounters. 38 indigenous communities in four provinces have received communal land titles totaling 39,342 hectares: Stung Treng (02 communities), Kratie (04 communities), Mondulkiri (07 communities), and Ratanakiri (25 communities).14 [...] - 16. Bunly Soeung, "Campaigns, criminalization and concessions: indigenous land rights in Cambodia," new mandala, 11 August 2022, accessed on 27 February 2023.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Preah Vihear Temple (Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារ Prasat Preah Vihear; Thai: ปราสาทพระวิหาร; RTGS: Prasat Phra Wihan) is an ancient Hindu temple built by the Khmer Empire, located on top of a 525-metre (1,722 ft) cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains, in the Preah Vihear province of Cambodia. [...] Modern history and ownership dispute [edit]In modern times, Prasat Preah Vihear was rediscovered and became subject of a dispute between Thailand and the newly independent Cambodia. This came about due to the different maps each party used in national delimitation. In 1904, Siam and the French colonial authorities ruling Cambodia formed a joint commission to demarcate their mutual border to largely follow the watershed line of the Dângrêk mountain range, which placed nearly all of Preah Vihear temple on Thailand's side. France, who was the protector of Cambodia at the time, agreed with Siam in the Franco-Siamese boundary treaty of 1904. The Mixed Commission was set up in 1905, and it was to carry out delimitation between Siam and Cambodia. In 1907, after survey work, French officers drew up a map to show the border's location. Cambodia used the map published by French geographers in 1907 (called "Annex I map"), which showed the temple on Cambodian territory, while Thailand used the provisions of the treaty of 1904, which reads: [...] - ^ "Preah Vihear temple: Disputed land Cambodian, court rules". BBC News. 11 November 2013. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-26): Preah Vihear was one of the Khmer Empire’s most important Shiva temples. Shiva has a strong association with mountains, as his mythical abode is at the peak of Mt. Kailash, a mountain which really exists in present-day Tibet. The Khmer Empire itself was founded atop Mt. Kulen, while the mountaintop temple Phnom Bakheng was also meant to represent Mt. Kailash. Considering Preah Vihear’s size, though, this may have been the most significant. As Khmer kings traditionally identified themselves as incarnations of Shiva, they most likely would’ve made royal pilgrimages here from Angkor. [...] Up until very recently, the temple of Preah Vihear and the territory around it were in dispute for decades. After the French colonialists left Cambodia, the border between Cambodia and Thailand was never officially resolved. The two countries took the matter to the International Court of Justice in 1962, who ruled in favor of Cambodia. For whatever reason, though, the ICJ failed to make a clear ruling on the land surrounding the temple, and the area remained in dispute. Preah Vihear was actually accessible from both countries for many years. In 2008, the temple was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which reignited tensions over which country owned it. Over the next three years, fighting would break out that ultimately ended in the death of 8 soldiers. Thousands of civilians had to be displaced and there was also slight damage to the temple itself.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1995-08-15): Prasat Preah Vihear (ប្រាសាទ ព្រះវិហារ) is one of Cambodia’s revered temples located on the plateau of Dângrêk Mountains in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, though some of the outter areas are still under Thailand’s control. The temple has beautiful views all around and has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. [...] In 1954, Thailand troops invaded Preah Vihear and occupied the temple illegally. In 1959, Cambodia took the incident to the world court, The Hague International Court of Justice, and was ruled that Preah Vihear is in Cambodia territory. On June 15, 1962, the judgment delivered by The Hague Internaional Court of Justice, by 9 votes to 3 votes, ruled that the Preah Vihear Temple lay in Cambodia territory under the sovereignty of Cambodia. Thailand must withdraw its forces from the temple and from Cambodia territory. And by 7 votes to 5 votes, The Hague International Court of Justice ruled that Thailand must restore any sculptures, stelae (carved stone/pillar), fragments of monuments, sandstone models and ancient pottery of the temple.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1995-08-15): Prasat Preah Vihear (ប្រាសាទ ព្រះវិហារ) is one of Cambodia’s revered temples located on the plateau of Dângrêk Mountains in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, though some of the outter areas are still under Thailand’s control. The temple has beautiful views all around and has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. [...] There is no doubt, both based on the court of laws and historical facts, that the Temple of Preah Vihear is a Khmer heritage and belonging to Cambodia, and that the disputed area also belongs to Cambodia.