copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-20): The People’s Republic of China has two distinct territories known as Special Administrative Regions (SARs). These territories are known as Hong Kong and Macau. Both are located along the coast of southern China. In fact, they are just 60 km from each other. Hong Kong is located on the eastern side of the Pearl River Estuary, while Macau is on the western side of it. Both Hong Kong and Macau were formerly European colonies that were returned to Chinese sovereignty. Both SARs also have a certain degree of economic and political autonomy, as opposed to other provinces and autonomous regions of China. Hong Kong is larger and much more populous than Macau. It is also one of the most important centers of economic activity in the world. For its part, Macau does not boast the same level of economic importance as Hong Kong, though it is a popular tourist destination, as well as a mecca for gambling.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-04-25): Taiwan has an interesting background within the divisions of China and, like Hong Kong and Macau, China offered it a position as a special administrative region in 1981. The belief is that unifying Taiwan (whose real name is the Republic of China) with China (or the People’s Republic of China) would allow the People’s Republic of China to be the only representative of China. This confusion began in 1949 after the Chinese Civil War. This war, as mentioned, was between Kuomintang (the founder of the Republic of China) and the Communists (now the People’s Republic of China). Since then, two Chinas have existed. China refers to Taiwan as "Taiwan, China" and does so to show that Taiwan is, in their view, under the rule of China. Taiwan is prohibited from using its official name, The Republic of China, and as such often uses the name "Chinese Taipei". The Taiwanese government and people do not agree with this, however. The Taiwanese believe that the label "Taiwan, China" is offensive and that it takes away from the sovereignty of the Republic of China. They are proponents of an independent Taiwan. Others within Taiwan support this claim and hope to one day see the reunification of Taiwan with China.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): People's Republic of China's position [edit]The Depsang Plains are located on the border of the Indian union territory of Ladakh and the disputed zone of Aksai Chin. The Chinese Army controls most of the plains,[4] while India controls the western portion of the plains.[5] The dispute remains unresolved.[6] [...] Within the geostrategic context of disputes between India and China, the disputes over Doklam and the Ten Degree Channel and South China Sea shipping lane are also relevant. Doklam is a dispute between Bhutan and China near the India-Bhutan-China tri-junction. India has sided with Bhutan in the dispute.[20][21] The area is of strategic importance to all three countries.[22] Doklam lies close to India's Siliguri "Chickenneck" Corridor where a Chinese military advance of less than 130 kilometres (81 mi) would cut off Bhutan, part of West Bengal and all of Northeast India, an area containing almost 50 million people. This scenario arose during the war between India and China in 1962.[23][18] India has embarked on a slew of Northeastern India connectivity projects to create multiple alternatives to the Silliguri corridor, including through Bangladesh, National Waterways and seaports, to mitigate the risk of being cut off.[citation needed]
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-22): Let us remember the basics to determine a border, as explained in the Report of the Officials of India and China in 1960/61; the Indian Report says: "In the Middle Sector both sides had referred to the watershed boundary and were clear as to where the watershed lay. In fact, the two alignments coincided for the most part along the main watershed. The Chinese alignment departed from it only at Gyuand Kauirik, Shipki, Nilang-Jadhang, Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla. All these departures from the watershed were also the points of divergence from the Indian alignment, and were, curiously enough, to the south and west, so as to include Indian territory in Tibet, and in no case the other way round. These isolated and small departures always in one direction were difficult to comprehend and emphasized that the correct traditional boundary lay along the watershed itself." [...] The Report of 1960 further noted: "In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas." [...] There was no quid pro quo as long as Tibet was independent (though the entire Nilang-Jadhang area was claimed by Lhasa).
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-12-25): Damzan and threatened an Indian detachment. In April 1956, an armed Chinese party of twelve, including an officer, intruded into the Nilang-Jadhang area in Uttar Pradesh. In [...] Tawang is the town that saw the maximum action during 1962 war. It is known as home to the biggest Buddhist monastery in India. It is also known for picturesque locations around. It is also known as the last civilian-town ahead of China border in this part of Arunachal Pradesh. Ta-Wang literally means ‘chosen by horse’. [...] Tawang and the Indian forces there were asked by bosses to withdraw. As a result, the Chinese took Tawang unopposed. There were many people in this town who actually saw the war, many who abandoned their houses.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-10): Four states—Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh—as well as the Union Territory of Ladakh (formerly the state of Jammu and Kashmir) border China. [...] It is situated between China's Xinjiang Province and the Union Territory of Ladakh, once the state of Jammu and Kashmir. [...] Nelang, Pulam Sumda,Sang, Jadhang and Lapthal( Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand).
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-13): In so far as the Central Sector is concerned, a perfect watershed line exists, that besides separating ethnic aspects, has also at many places become a dividing line even to the extent of separating fauna & flora on either side. Here, no territorial dispute existed between India & Tibet in the past. In Spiti & Shipki La ( Himachal Pradesh ), there was no dispute, & as far as Barahoti in Uttarakhand is concerned, the only controversy that existed was whether Tibetan Officials could come into Indian territory for taxation of their traders. The same was the issue in the Nilang-Jadhang area (Uttarakhand).These matters had been discussed between the Indian & Tibetan Officials in 1890, 1914 and 1926. The Barahoti question was also discussed between Indian & Chinese Officials in 1958 & a partial agreement reached. China knows today that most of the area disputed by it falls in actual control of India. Should there be a desire on part of the Chinese to settle these issues reasonably, these controversies could be solved easily.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-13): Los archivos británicos muestran que la aceptación de la nueva frontera por parte del gobierno tibetano en 1914 estaba condicionada a que China aceptara la Convención de Simla. Como los británicos no consiguieron la aceptación de China, los tibetanos consideraron inválida la línea McMahon.[27] Los funcionarios tibetanos siguieron administrando Tawang y se negaron a ceder territorio durante las negociaciones de 1938. El gobernador de Assam afirmó que Tawang era "indudablemente británica", pero señaló que estaba "controlada por Tíbet y ninguno de sus habitantes tiene idea de que no son tibetanos". Durante la II Guerra Mundial, con el este de la India amenazado por las tropas japonesas y ante la amenaza del expansionismo chino, las tropas británicas aseguraron Tawang para reforzar su defensa. [...] - ↑ Murty, T. S.; Maxwell, Neville (1971). «Tawang and "The Un-Negotiated Dispute"». The China Quarterly (en inglés) 46 (46): 357-362. doi:10.1017/S0305741000010754. [...] - ↑ «China's Ladakh Incursion Well-planned». The Times of India (en inglés). Archivado desde el original el 19 de agosto de 2017.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-28): L'accord pour résoudre le différend conclu en 1996 comprenait des « mesures de confiance » et la ligne de contrôle effectif. En 2006, l'ambassadeur de Chine en Inde a affirmé que tout l'Arunachal Pradesh est un territoire chinois[5] au milieu d'un renforcement militaire[6]. À l'époque, les deux pays revendiquaient des incursions jusqu'à un kilomètre à la pointe nord du Sikkim[7]. En 2009, l'Inde a annoncé qu'elle déploierait des forces militaires supplémentaires le long de la frontière[8]. En 2014, l'Inde a proposé que la Chine reconnaisse une politique « d'une seule Inde » afin de résoudre le différend frontalier[9],[10]. [...] - (en) « China's Ladakh Incursion Well-planned », Times of India, (lire en ligne [archive du ]).
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-06): You can drive up to 23 km from Bhaironghati Forest Check Post to the Nelong Valley Checkpost (3,500 m / 11,485 ft). There was once a village at this check post, Nelong Village, but now only the ruins remain. Further ahead are other villages of the valley and Janak Tal, and to go there, you need permission, which is given in special cases only. The villages were inhabited by the Jadh tribe once. Nelong, Jadhang Village, Sumla, Dumka, Pulam Sumda, and Keelang were some of the villages here before the 1962 Sino-Indian War. [...] Within the valley, there are multiple water streams that eventually join and become Jaad Ganga, which then joins the Bhagirathi River in Bhaironghati. A few of the "Gad" (streams) are Tirpani Gad, Chor Gad, Mana Gad, and Jadhung Gad.8 [...] References - Exploring the Valley of Jadhs https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/69/7/exploring-the-valley-of-the-jadhs/ ↩︎ - The Last Indian Villages On Tibet Border https://www.rediff.com/news/special/the-last-indian-villages-on-tibet-border/20240523.htm ↩︎ - Nilang Valley reopened https://claudearpi.blogspot.com/2015/12/nilang-valley-reopened-to-tourism.html ↩︎ - Exploring the Valley of Jadhs https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/69/7/exploring-the-valley-of-the-jadhs/ ↩︎ - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelang ↩︎ - https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nelong-valley-opens-for-tourists-first-time-since-1962/article7232872.ece ↩︎ - Snow Leopard sighting in https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/uttarakhand/snow-leopard-spotted-in-uttarakhand/na20230317145745636636541 ↩︎ - Jadh Ganga Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadh_Ganga ↩︎
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The Jadhs of Jadhung (Jadh-Dung) The name Jadung seems to have come from Jadh (name of the tribe that inhabited the valley) and Dung (mountain). The British mapmakers have mentioned this place as Jadhang, but all local residents of Uttarkashi use the name Jadung (perhaps Jadh-Dung) for this village and valley. The pronunciation agrees well with the nomenclature. Agriculture, livestock and commerce drove economy of their villages of Jadh-Dung and Nelang2. The Jadh population3 is estimated at around 2500 today of which more than 60% are residents of the Kinnaur valley in Himachal and the rest in the villages of Harsil and Dunda in Uttarakhand. Although of predominantly Bhotia origins, the Jadh people have a strong Garhwali influence. Even though they have converted to Buddhism and changed their rituals during the time of Tibetan domination; the legend of King Janak and festivals like Pandav Lila4 continues to live on in the Jadh consciousness. [...] Due to some communication issue, the post-commander at Jadung had not been informed about our arrival through official channels. By about 8 in the evening the official hassles were sorted out. The day ended with a nice campfire in the farmlands of Jadung. The little solar-powered lights of the ITBP post shone at a distance across a little stream. The silhouettes of the ruins of the Jadung village around created an ambience that was surreal and ghostly.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-18): The Sino-Indian border dispute is about several territories that are claimed by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India. The farthest west, Aksai Chin, is part of another dispute involving Pakistan. It is controlled by China but is claimed by the Government of India. They consider it part of the region of Xinjiang. It is a place where very few people live. The other large disputed territory is to the east. It is south of the McMahon Line. It used to be called the North East Frontier Agency. It is now called South Tibet. The McMahon Line was part of the 1914 Simla Convention between British India and Tibet. China rejected the agreement.[1]
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): 6 Six border passes (specified in the Agreement between China and India on Trade and Intercourse, 1954, Lok Sabha Secretariat, Foreign Policy of India, Text of Documents, 1947-58, p. 87 (1958)) are Shipki, Mana, Niti, Kungri, Bingri, Darma, and Lipu Lekh. Specific places under controversy include: Spiti area (Chuva and Chuji), Shipki Pass, Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha), Barahoti (Wu-je), Sangchamalla and Lapthal. Report, at CE-39. [...] 56 Additional evidence of China's acceptance of India's responsibilities towards Bhutan can be afforded by the fact that the Indian Government has taken up a number of matters with the Chinese Government on behalf of Bhutan, including the delineation of Bhutan's external boundaries. Report, at 199. [...] 93 Ladakh was part of the Harsha Empire in the seventh century A.D. The account of the noted Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang about his extensive travels in Northern India at that time included a spirited reference to the State of Kashmir and Ladakh. For a brief description of the subsequent history, see White Paper II, at 128-130.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-10-27): - ↑ "China's Ladakh Incursion Well-planned". The Times of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-26/india/38842635_1_pla-troops-indian-military-delegation-lt-general-b-s-jaswal. [...] - ↑ "Big surge in Chinese transgressions, most of them in Ladakh". 22 May 2020. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/aksai-chin-army-big-surge-in-chinese-transgressions-most-of-them-in-ladakh-6421674/. [...] - ↑ Gupta, Shishir (5 June 2020). "Ahead of today's meet over Ladakh standoff, India signals a realistic approach". Hindustan. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ahead-of-talks-with-china-over-ladakh-standoff-india-signals-a-realistic-approach/story-yhfSaZk0vucG6f1vPKZHrK.html.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-08-19): The Tale of the Jadhs of Jadhung "They must have cooked the name up" I thought when one of the officers of the Jadung post said… "हाँ हाँ, दस कीलोमीटर आगे ताल है बहुत सुन्दर- जनक ताल ." [...] The Jadhs of Jadhung (Jadh-Dung) [...] The name Jadung seems to have come from the compound word Jadh (name of the tribe that inhabited the valley)- Dung (Mountain).
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-01): Course [edit]Jadh Ganga rises north of Mana Pass from the Lambi glacier, where the river is known as Lambi Gad (Lambi River). Though administered by India, this area lies near the Line of Actual Control, the disputed de facto border between India and China, and is also claimed by China as part of Zanda County of Tibet. [...] After this last confluence, the Mendi Gad is known as the Nilapani Gad, which continues another ~5 km west and converges with the northeast-to-southwest flowing Jadhang Gad (Jadhang river) at Naga. Sites along the Jadhang River include Jadhang (Sang), Pulam Sumdo, Jadhang Peak (5290 m), Sonam Peak, (5262 m), Tirpani, Pulam Sumda, Tsangchok, and Sumla near the LAC. [...] Territory dispute [edit]The valley of Jadh Ganga is claimed by China,[1] though the whole extent of Jadh Ganga is administered by India.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-03): The Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board (UTDB) has recently unveiled Jadung, a picturesque village situated on the border of Tibet, as the newest tourist destination in Uttarakhand. This ancient village, abandoned during the Indo-China War, will be revitalized and transformed into a sustainable tourism hub for trekkers, Astro-tourists, nature enthusiasts, and hikers. [...] Jadung, nestled at an altitude of 3,800 m, is a time capsule village that will come to life again with this initiative. In addition to its scenic beauty, Jadung is a centre for special interest tourism, particularly Astro-tourism, as it offers a breathtaking view of the starry night sky, unspoiled by light pollution. [...] By road: Well-connected by roads, Jadung is 480 km from Delhi.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-24): During a visit to the central sector of the Indo-Tibet boundary in Uttarakhand, Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan directed Army formations to work for the rehabilitation of the border villages of Nelang and Jadung, near the Line of Actual Control in Chamoli district. [...] After discussing at great length the advisability of pushing forward a post to Tawang, it was decided to go ahead. It was also decided to send troops to Nelang (then written Nilang) and Jadung (then Jadhang), two tiny villages south of the Tsangchok-la, the pass marking the watershed in the area, in the Chamoli district. [...] Already in May 1950, the Ministry of External Affairs had sent a note to the Ministry of Defense asking the latter to comment on the feasibility of walking into the Nilang/Jadhang area. The Ministry of Defense then observed: "The area under dispute is an extremely difficult country physically and climatically, with hardly any communications. It therefore follows that operations in the area will have to be confined to short periods and undertaken by specially trained infantry organized on an ad hoc basis with very scanty artillery support and no support whatsoever from either tanks or aircraft."
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-21): Uttrakhand: Jadung, 1st Village from The Tibet Border, Announced As Tourism Destination [...] A village frozen in time and nestled amidst the breathtaking Himalayas, Jadung is the first village at the Indo Tibet border and boasts of unmatched scenic beauty with its snow-capped mountains to lush green valley’s. Located at an altitude of approximately 3800 meters and around 45-50 kilometers from Harsil, Jadung offers a picture-perfect landscape. The village is a testament to the state's efforts to develop border villages through sustainable and responsible tourism, which aligns with the Central Government's vision of creating vibrant border villages. Uttrakhand Tourism Minister Satpal Maharaj today flagged off the first FAM tour to Jadung. The Minister, expressing his excitement about the new initiative, stated, "We are delighted to announce 'JADUNG' as Uttarakhand’s latest tourism destination. This is a great opportunity for visitors to experience the unique culture and beauty of Uttarakhand. We are committed to promoting responsible and sustainable tourism in the state, and with the introduction of Astro Tourism we hope that this initiative will benefit the local communities and further help promote the state's tourism sector."
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-12): Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. [...] History [edit]Etymology [edit]Jadhang village itself and Jad people living in Jadhang and Nelang valley are named after a man "Jadha" who was resettled here by British adventurer Frederick Wilson. The settlement document of Garhwal Kingdom, which administered this area, from that era reads, "Wilson invited certain Jadha from the upper Pargana of Kunawar in Bashahr state (now in Himachal Pradesh) to settle at Nilang, re-establish the hamlet of Jadhang and administered the area on behalf of Maharaja Bhavani Shah [r. 1859-71 CE]."[3] [...] Since 1962: Territorial dispute [edit]The India-held valley of the Jadh Ganga river is also claimed by China.[4]
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-04): The Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board has announced that Jadung will be developed as the newest tourist destination in the state. [...] Perched at an elevation of 3,800 m, Jadung is a border village in the Uttarkashi district. It is the first village on the Indo-Tibet border with hardly any inhabitants to count, as the locals were displaced during the 1962 Indo-China war. The glory of Jadung lies in its pristine nature and rustic landscape, with rolling views of snow-clad mountains and bubbling brooks surrounding the village. [...] Jadung is located in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, near the Indo-Tibet border.
Claim: Jadhang is a territory of India (Jadhang, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2005-11-26): Jadh Ganga rises, north of Mana Pass, from Lambi glacier where the river is known as Lambi Gad (Lambi river). This area administered by India lies near the LAC, the disputed defacto border between India and China, which is also claimed by China as part of Zanda County of Tibet. [...] After this confluence of point Mendi Gad and Nilapani Gad, the Mendi Gad is known as the Nilapani Gad, which continues another ~5 km west and confluences with the northeast-to-southwest flowing Jadhang Gad (Jadhang river) at Naga. Sites along the Jadhang River are Jadhang (Sang), Pulam Sumdo, Jadhang peak (5290 m), Sonam peak, (5262 m), Tirpani, Pulam Sumda, Tsangchok, and Sumla near LAC. [...] - Geography of Jadh Ganga and tributaries - India-China Border Roads - Line of Actual Control - List of disputed territories of India