copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Croatia (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-28): Along come new complications in the past few weeks. Bosnia and Herzegovina are disputing the border around the area where the bridge is to be built. I.e., a document purporting to represent an agreement between dr Franjo Tudjman (President of Croatia) and Alija Izetbegovic (Bosniak member of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Presidency) in 1999. This is a border agreement with which Croatia reportedly transfers to Bosnia and Herzegovina the tip of the Klek peninsula and two tiny islets Mali and Veliki Skoj near the proposed Peljesac bridge site. The Milanovic government decided recently to pass the agreement for ratification in Parliament, thus causing fiery disputes in Croatia’s public domain, which grew into delicate attacks between President Ivo Josipovic and the government, stirring the spirits among experts too. The document is reportedly ratified by the lower chamber of Bosnia’s parliament and whether it will be ratified in the Croatian parliament is yet to be seen. There are new calls against possible swift ratification, including comments by Tomislav Karamarko, leader of HDZ opposition, that late President Tudjman was very ill at the time in 1999 and may not have been fully informed or aware of implications of the so-called agreement.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Croatia (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-11): The entire disputed area is around Neum, Pelješac Peninsula and, obviously, the Pelješac Bridge, whose exact location was one of the reasons so many unimportant problems kept being brought up. The first is the small Klek peninsula, rather, its very tip, which Croatia has claimed as theirs for a while, together with two small islands next to it, Veliki Školj and Mali Školj. Both islands are uninhabited and too small to serve any useful purpose, but Croatia insisted that it should have control over them. While Croatia has hundreds of similar islands in its part of the Adriatic Sea, Bosnia and Herzegovina has a very short coast around Neum, and these two islands would virtually be the only ones it would have, so they have great symbolic importance for it as a supposedly "maritime" country. Another disputed area is a part of the border near Hrvatska and Bosanska Kostajnica, where at issue is a small castle currently controlled by Croatia, with both countries claiming it as theirs.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-24): Mali Školj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Veliki Školj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[1][2] The temporary regime of the sea border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined in 1999. The Neum Agreement on the temporary border was signed by Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, and has not been ratified due to the emergence of the controversy surrounding the ownership of these two islands and the tip of the Klek peninsula. Croatia disputes the validity of the agreement and claims it as its own territory.[1] [...] - ^ Zoran Šagolj (9 July 2017). "Vlasnik spornih otoka u Malostonskom zaljevu: Mi jesmo Hrvati, ali Mali i Veliki školj pripadaju BiH. Dubrovačka republika to je područje prodala za svoju slobodu Turcima, a naši preci su ga kupili". slobodnadalmacija.hr (in Croatian). Slobodna Dalmacija. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Mali Skolj (Mali Školj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia And Herzegovina (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... [...] Weather Mali Školj (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.) [...] Mali Skolj (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 7 day forecast
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-02): - cebwiki Mali Školj - enwiki Mali Školj - hrwiki Mali Školj (Klek) [...] - mkwiki Мал Шкољ - shwiki Mali Školj - slwiki Mali Školj (Klek) - srwiki Мали Шкољ - svwiki Mali Školj
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-06): Media in category "Mali Školj"
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-24): Veliki Školj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Mali Školj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[1][2] The temporary regime of the sea border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined in 1999. The Neum Agreement on the temporary border was signed by Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, and has not been ratified due to the emergence of the controversy surrounding the ownership of these two islands and the tip of the Klek peninsula. Croatia disputes the validity of the agreement and claims it as its own territory.[1]
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-19): Veliki Školj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Mali Školj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[1][2] The temporary regime of the sea border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined in 1999. The Neum Agreement on the temporary border was signed by Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, and has not been ratified due to the emergence of the controversy surrounding the ownership of these two islands and the tip of the Klek peninsula. Croatia disputes the validity of the agreement and claims it as its own territory.[1] [...] - ^ Zoran Šagolj (9 July 2017). "Vlasnik spornih otoka u Malostonskom zaljevu: Mi jesmo Hrvati, ali Mali i Veliki školj pripadaju BiH. Dubrovačka republika to je područje prodala za svoju slobodu Turcima, a naši preci su ga kupili". slobodnadalmacija.hr (in Croatian). Slobodna Dalmacija. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-12-14): Category:Islands of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Veliki Skolj (Veliki Školj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia And Herzegovina (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... [...] Veliki Skolj (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 7 day forecast [...] Mali Skolj (2 km)
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-24): Mali Školj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Veliki Školj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[2] [...] The temporary regime of the sea border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined in 1999. The Neum Agreement on the temporary border was signed by Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, and has not been ratified due to the emergence of the controversy surrounding the ownership of these two islands and the tip of the Klek peninsula. Croatia disputes the validity of the agreement and claims it as its own territory.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): In 1918, as a consequence of Austro-Hungarian defeat, Neum joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes which would become the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. Under the Karađorđević dynasty, the Yugoslav Government ignored the historical borders twice: in 1929, when the Neum area was included in the Littoral Banovina, and in 1939 when, following the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, it was included in the Banovina of Croatia. Josip Broz Tito's federal Yugoslavia was founded on the principle, declared at the 1943 AVNOJ session in Jajce and comparatively well-respected by the Đilas commission in 1945, of establishing the federative republics in their borders of 1878, which is why the Neum enclave is now part of independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, including most of Klek (Ponta Kleka, Rep Kleka), the two islets Veliki and Mali Školj and the rock of Lopata in the Bay of Klek.[8]
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-06-15): Neum (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - Klek (Croatia) - M2/R8 - Webcam: None - Popular nearby: Mali Školj Nature Preserve in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a coastal location great for water-based activities. Velik Kladusa (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - Maljevac (Croatia) - R400a/R216 - Webcam: None - Popular nearby: About an hour from Karlovac, where you can visit the Dubovac Castle and other sights of historical and cultural interest. [...] - Popular nearby: The historic city of Dubrovnik is a Croatian historic city. The beautiful Bosnian Dobrićevo Monastery overlooks Bileca Lake, not far from the borders of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. To reach Sarajevo from Dubrovnik, use the M20/M18.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Phytogeographically, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region and Adriatic province of the Mediterranean Region. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina can be subdivided into four ecoregions: Balkan mixed forests, Dinaric Mountains mixed forests, Pannonian mixed forests and Illyrian deciduous forests.[132] The country had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.99/10, ranking it 89th globally out of 172 countries.[133] In Bosnia and Herzegovina forest cover is around 43% of the total land area, equivalent to 2,187,910 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, down from 2,210,000 hectares (ha) in 1990. For the year 2015, 74% of the forest area was reported to be under public ownership and 26% private ownership.[134][135]
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-07): The second difficulty should be addressed together with the first. It would be especially important to define the sea boundary, regarding the tip of the Klek Peninsula and the uninhabited islets, Veliki and Mali Školj or, more precisely, the rocks in the Mali Ston Bay, which are part of a unique geomorphologic unit, together with the Klek Peninsula. If we draw the line of equidistance for purposes of delimitation of two states whose shores in one bay lie or are opposite to one another (the Peninsula of Klek and Pelješac), which is in accordance with the international law of the sea, as well as Article 4 (3) of the bilateral Agreement which, inter alia, prescribes that border at the sea stretches "the median line of the sea area between the land of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia", it could be claimed that the disputed area would belong to Bosnia and Herzegovina. [...] It would be worth questioning, moreover, whether Croatian internal waters should be left where they are now. The same question appeared to have been posed by a legal scholar from Croatia – "the question remains whether the waters of Croatia delimited by the territorial sea of Bosnia and Herzegovina can continue to be considered as having the legal status of internal waters." (B. Vukas, 2006).
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-23): To this day, both countries claim ownership over Mali Školj and Veliki Školj, and the tip of the Klek peninsula, which is found nearby. [...] The islands turned out not to be Majorca, after all. The smaller of the two, Mali Školj, resembles a pile of rocks and it becomes completely submerged when the tide rises. Veliki Školj is barely the size of two football pitches, Panjeta describes. [...] One of the two brothers who own the Mali Školj and Veliki Školj, Tihomir Putica, told Euronews that although he doesn’t mind the occasional curious explorer of his islands, he doesn’t care about the decades-long questions about which country they belong to.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-05-11): Compared to Slovenia, the border disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina seem insignificant, but listening to some politicians in the past, you could get the impression that it was the most important thing in the world. The entire disputed area is around Neum, Pelješac Peninsula and, obviously, the Pelješac Bridge, whose exact location was one of the reasons so many unimportant problems kept being brought up. The first is the small Klek peninsula, rather, its very tip, which Croatia has claimed as theirs for a while, together with two small islands next to it, Veliki Školj and Mali Školj. Both islands are uninhabited and too small to serve any useful purpose, but Croatia insisted that it should have control over them. While Croatia has hundreds of similar islands in its part of the Adriatic Sea, Bosnia and Herzegovina has a very short coast around Neum, and these two islands would virtually be the only ones it would have, so they have great symbolic importance for it as a supposedly "maritime" country. Another disputed area is a part of the border near Hrvatska and Bosanska Kostajnica, where at issue is a small castle currently controlled by Croatia, with both countries claiming it as theirs.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-03-03): Thus, someone travelling from Dubrovnik to mainland Croatia would undergo three distinct border checks: a Croatian (Schengen) exit check, a Bosnian-Herzegovinian entry check, and a Croatian (Schengen) entry check. While Bosnia and Herzegovina's border checks for European countries passport holders at tourist locations are usually quick visual checks to verify that the passport photograph matches the individual presenting the passport and that the passport has not expired, Schengen checks now involve scanning all passports (even those of citizens with a right to unrestricted EU-wide free movement) against various databases, which can take up to 30 seconds per individual. Thus, as an example, a car containing four people could be stopped for two minutes at each Croatian border. In the summer tourist season, such a prospect would lead to unsustainable border delays and require an urgent solution, such as a bridge bypassing Neum and remaining in Croatia. [...] Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia agreed on a border demarcation treaty in 1998. The treaty was signed by the two former presidents, Alija Izetbegović and Franjo Tuđman, but it was never ratified by the respective parliaments so, therefore, it had never entered into force. The agreement foresees a definition of the two countries' territory, in the area of Pelješac which is slightly different from what is shown on maps, since Croatia agreed to recognise the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina over two small rock islands (Mali Školj and Veliki Školj) and the tip of the peninsula of Klek near Neum.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-27): Disputed territories - Other languages
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1995-04-05): There is an ancient shellfish culture tradition in this area. The first records of shellfish culture in the Bay of Mali Ston (Republic of Dubrovnik) and the River Krka estuary go back to as far as the fifteen and seventeen centuries (Lorini, 1903). From the beginning of thislastcentury there have been more than one hundred sites on the East Adriatic coast where fish and shellfish have been cultured. Shellfish production hads been stable during the past few decades,but was interrupted as most production sites were directly affected by the recent war activities. Limiting factors for a more rapid revitalization after the war are the lower domestic market demand, and European Union (EU) import restrictions. As shell fish production has always been considered as a family business, transitional changes had no significant effects. Today there are more than one hundred small family farms that have now started to organize themselves in the various associations. Today all shellfish production is concentrated in the Bay of Mali Ston, the River Krka estuary, and Istria. [...] In order to possess a licence a concession has to be obtained.The use of maritime resources requires a marine resource concession which is issued by the County for a period of up to 12 years, by the Government for period of up to 30 years, and by the Parliament for a period of over 30 years (Maritime Code).
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Facing Slovenska beach lies the isle Sveti Nikola (St Nicolas) with its own beach. This is the largest island in this area of the Adriatic. The length of 2 km and its position is close to the Gulf of Budva. The island is covered with typical Mediterranean vegetation, most of the conifer trees. It represents a haven for birds and is also rich in small games and deer. The island is called Školj by locals, which comes from Italian scoglio or from Venetian scogio meaning islet or reef. The island has three sandy beaches 840m long in total, with a surface of 2,700 m². The beaches are pebbled, and there is a restaurant and beach bar. [...] SMALL BEACH (MALA PLAŽA) AND LIMAN BEACH [...] This a small place located in the Bay of Kotor, where is created the rose of mountain and sea winds, particularly suitable for pulmonary patients in the late spring and early fall. The village is situated about 8 km from Kotor and the same distance from Tivat, and across Perast.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-09): - Bosnia și Herțegovina: Mali Školj și Veliki Školj - Muntenegru: Sveti Stefan, Sveti Nikola, și grupul de insule mici în Golful Kotor: Mamula, Sveti Marko, Ostrvo Cvijeća ("Insula florilor"), precum și Gospa od Škrpjela și Sveti Đorđe, Perast - Albania: Sazan înainte de peninsula Karaburun lângă strâmtoarea Otranto - Italia: Isole Tremiti, la nord de peninsula Gargano
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-12-13): Moj galebe! Mali i Veliki Školj – bosanski ili hrvatski pašaluk? 155
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-28): 18Existem apenas duas disputas territoriais em duas regiões diferentes de fronteira. A primeira e mais importante se dá perto da cidade de Neum, onde a Croácia reivindica duas pequenas ilhas chamadas Mali Skolj e Veliki Skolj, bem como a ponta da península Klek (Pavlic, 2017). Essa disputa pode ser observada na figura 2 a seguir. [...] Legenda (Tradução Livre) - Linha verde: Fronteira de Avnoj (fronteira em 25 de junho de 1991), - Linha vermelha: Fronteira de acordo com o acordo sobre a fronteira dos estados da República da Croácia e a Bósnia e Herzegovina (fronteira temporária), - Linha amarela: A ponta de Klek, Mali e Veliki Skoljs com o mar correspondente 19A linha verde do mapa caracteriza os limites da fronteira em 1991, estabelecida pelo Conselho Antifascista pela Libertação Nacional da Iugoslávia, ou AVNOJ, após libertação da região dos governos fantoches nazistas. A linha vermelha no mapa representa a fronteira atual reconhecida pela Bósnia e Herzegovina e pela comunidade internacional, tendo sido estabelecida em 1991 em um acordo assinado entre a Croácia e Bósnia, mas que nunca foi ratificado pelo parlamento croata (Vlada, 2005). Os trechos demarcados pela linha amarela pontilhada, delimitam as reivindicações croatas das ilhas, da ponta da península Klek, bem como os ganhos de territórios marítimos, caso obtenham sucesso nas reivindicações terrestres.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-10): Link with border demarcation treaty ratification [edit]Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia agreed on a border demarcation treaty in 1998. The treaty was signed by the two former presidents, Alija Izetbegović and Franjo Tuđman, but it was never ratified by the respective parliaments and so it never entered into force. The agreement included a border between the two countries in the area of Pelješac which is slightly different from that shown on maps, since Croatia agreed to recognise the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina over two small rock islands (Mali Školj and Veliki Školj) and the tip of the peninsula of Klek near Neum.[43] [...] - Bosnia forbids passage of Dubrovnik motorway through its territory (archived 2008 news article)
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-07): The second difficulty should be addressed together with the first. It would be especially important to define the sea boundary, regarding the tip of the Klek Peninsula and the uninhabited islets, Veliki and Mali Školj or, more precisely, the rocks in the Mali Ston Bay, which are part of a unique geomorphologic unit, together with the Klek Peninsula. If we draw the line of equidistance for purposes of delimitation of two states whose shores in one bay lie or are opposite to one another (the Peninsula of Klek and Pelješac), which is in accordance with the international law of the sea, as well as Article 4 (3) of the bilateral Agreement which, inter alia, prescribes that border at the sea stretches "the median line of the sea area between the land of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia", it could be claimed that the disputed area would belong to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Closely connected to this, the question of Bosnia-Herzegovina’s access to the High Seas or international waters of the Adriatic Sea and other world seas should be addressed, where no country in the world has territorial sovereignty, nor does it exercise any sovereign rights.
Claim: Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mali Školj, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-11): After the Badinter Commission Yugoslavia was decided to enter "in process of the dissolution", the first boundary agreement between successor states has been achieved. The Treaty on the State Border between Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was signed by the Croatian President, Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, who was the member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999. The agreement was signed on 30 July 1999 in Sarajevo. The state border between the countries is determined according to the borders at the end of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. The sea border in the area of Neum and Klek peninsula is delimitated by way of an equidistance line. (see figure 1 below). Article 4 of the treaty states that the State border on the sea stretches along the central line of the sea between the territories of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.[12] It is important to consider that both small islands near the Klek peninsula which are Mali Školj and Veliki Školj are given to BiH as well since they are so close to Klek peninsula.