copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: There are approximately 100 lorries per day crossing the border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, and cross-border trade represents 0.5% of UK-EU trade. (Gerard Batten, 2019-01-30)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Removing carbon from the atmosphere [...] The impact of the economic downturn and lower oil prices [...] Economic stimulus funding for CCUS after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009
Claim: There are approximately 100 lorries per day crossing the border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, and cross-border trade represents 0.5% of UK-EU trade. (Gerard Batten, 2019-01-30)
Evidence (2023-12-05): Traditional Unionist Voice or TUV [...] note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection [...] total: 12.5% (2023 est.)
Claim: There are approximately 100 lorries per day crossing the border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, and cross-border trade represents 0.5% of UK-EU trade. (Gerard Batten, 2019-01-30)
Evidence (2023-05-15): UK trade in goods with EU and non-EU countries [...] Taking into account the differences in methodologies, the available empirical evidence suggests that Brexit has reduced UK-EU trade in both directions. Table 1 provides an overview of recent results obtained using various approaches. Estimates of the decline in UK trade with the EU range from around 10% to 25%.[8] As the updates by Springford and Du et al. show, the results also depend on the time horizon being considered. As both UK and EU firms are still adjusting to the new environment, the gap between estimates may narrow again over time. Apart from providing estimates of Brexit effects since 2021, the available studies generally find no evidence of anticipation effects, i.e. a decline in UK-EU trade as a proportion of total UK trade prior to the provisional implementation of the TCA at the start of 2021. Across EU Member States, Brexit has led to a significant decline in trade with the United Kingdom in almost all cases, although at varying magnitudes.
Claim: There are approximately 100 lorries per day crossing the border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, and cross-border trade represents 0.5% of UK-EU trade. (Gerard Batten, 2019-01-30)
Evidence (2021-07-01): Based on European Border and Coast Guard Agency data, as of November 2021, following the relaxation of COVID-19 measures, illegal border crossings at all of the EU’s external borders showed an upward trend (+ 60 % compared to the same period in 2020), with significant peaks on the central Mediterranean and western Balkan routes. [...] EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement 2021 marked the beginning of a new relationship with the United Kingdom following its departure from the EU on 31 January 2020 and the end of the transition period on 31 December 2020. The EU’s objective is to establish a positive and stable relationship with the United Kingdom. The EU and the United Kingdom remain partners with shared values, and will have to tackle a number of global challenges side by side. Four treaties now govern EU–UK relations. In 2021, the European Commission focused on ensuring their full and effective implementation and the operation of their governance structures.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2021-10-11): customs and the movement of goods (Article 5) the monthly exchange of information on customs matters (Article 12(2), second subparagraph) technical regulations (Article 7) VAT and excise (Article 8) the single electricity market (Article 9), and state aid (Article 10)
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2023-01-01): - Court of Justice: 1 judge from each EU country, plus 11 advocates general - General Court: 2 judges from each EU country - Established in: 1952 - Location: Luxembourg - Website: Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) interprets EU law to make sure it is applied in the same way in all EU countries, and settles legal disputes between national governments and EU institutions. [...] - Name - Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2007-09-13): THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (CJEC) The Court of Justice comprises as many judges as there are Member States. The number of Advocates-General remains the same (eight), but the Council may at any time decide unanimously to increase their number. [...] The Court of Justice, as the supreme judicial institution of the Union, retains competence for other judicial actions on fundamental questions for the Community order and carries out this mission by way of questions referred by the national jurisdictions for a preliminary ruling. However, the Treaty provides that the Statute may empower the Court of First Instance with preliminary competence in certain areas.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2022-06-27): Composition and role of the Court of Justice of the EU The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the judicial institution of the European Union. This means that it deals with disputes between parties as the courts do in Ireland. The CJEU ensures that European law is interpreted and applied in the same way in every member state. [...] What does the Court of Justice do?
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), the judicial branch of the European Union (EU). Its basic mission is to ensure the observance and uniform application and interpretation of EU law within EU member states and institutions. Its headquarters are in Luxembourg. [...] The Court of Justice issues rulings on the interpretation of EU law for national courts of EU member states and hears various actions involving member states and institutions, including actions brought by the European Commission or by a member state for failure of a member state to fulfill its obligations under EU law; actions brought by a member state against the European Parliament or the European Commission, or by one EU institution against another, seeking annulment of a regulation, directive, or decision; and appeals on points of law of judgments of the General Court. The General Court hears actions involving member states, institutions, and natural or legal persons, including actions brought by natural or legal persons against EU institutions for failure to act in accordance with EU law or brought by them to seek annulment of a regulation, directive, or decision; actions brought by a member state against the European Commission; and various actions against EU institutions concerning specific issues, such as state aid, trade, intellectual property, or employment relations.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2022-02-27): The Court of Justice of the European Union is the ultimate arbiter on certain Articles of the Protocol, and has an indirect role in interpreting EU laws as part of the agreed arbitration process. During an interview on BBC Radio Ulster’s The Nolan Show on 11 October 2021 (starts 23:43), the TUV leader, Jim Allister MLA, claimed that the European Court of Justice — as part of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) — is the supreme court regarding any challenge to the Northern Ireland Protocol: "You know, in any international trade deal, the mechanism for arbitration is independent arbitration. In this protocol, it’s so one-sided that the arbitrator is the EU themselves… [The Court of Justice of the European Union is] their supreme court. Northern Ireland has a supreme court. It sits in London, but not under the protocol. Under the protocol, our supreme court on all protocol issues sits in Luxembourg."
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2023-09-06): The decisions of the General Court may, within two months, be subject to an appeal before the Court of Justice, limited to points of law. In certain categories of cases, appeals against decisions of the General Court are considered by the Court of Justice after an initial procedure determining whether such appeals are allowed to proceed. This procedure applies to appeals (i) in cases that have already been considered twice, first by an independent board of appeal of a body, office or agency of the European Union and then by the General Court, and (ii) against decisions of the General Court relating to the performance of a contract containing an arbitration clause (under Article 272 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). In such cases, the appeal must be accompanied by a request that it be allowed to proceed setting out the issue or issues raised by the appeal that is or are significant with respect to the unity, consistency or development of European Union law. [...] Requests for a preliminary ruling transferred to the General Court are treated in the same way as those examined by the Court of Justice.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The European Court of Justice (ECJ), formally just the Court of Justice (French: Cour de Justice), is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).[2] [...] Notes [edit]- ^ Under the terms of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, concluded as part of the Brexit withdrawal agreement, the CJEU — and hence the ECJ — continues to have jurisdiction over the operation of EU law applying to Northern Ireland in relation to customs and the movement of goods, technical regulations, VAT and excise, the Single Electricity Market and State aid, and may hear applications for preliminary rulings made by Northern Irish courts.[1] [...] The Protocol will also confer full jurisdiction on the CJEU to oversee the operation of EU law applying to Northern Ireland in relation to customs and the movement of goods, technical regulations, VAT and excise, the Single Electricity Market and State aid; including the jurisdiction to hear applications for preliminary rulings submitted by the courts of Northern Ireland. The UK will have the right to participate in these proceedings as if it were a Member State.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2024-09-02): The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (French: Cour de justice de l'Union européenne or "CJUE"; Latin: Curia[2]) is the judicial branch of the European Union (EU). Seated in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, this EU institution consists of two separate courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court.[3][4] From 2005 to 2016, it also contained the Civil Service Tribunal. It has a sui generis court system, meaning 'of its own kind', and is a supranational institution.[5] [...] See also [edit]Notes [edit]- ^ Under the terms of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, concluded as part of the Brexit withdrawal agreement, the CJEU continues to have jurisdiction over the operation of EU law applying to Northern Ireland in relation to customs and the movement of goods, technical regulations, VAT and excise, the Single Electricity Market and State aid, and may hear applications for preliminary rulings made by Northern Irish courts.[1] [...] The Protocol will also confer full jurisdiction on the CJEU to oversee the operation of EU law applying to Northern Ireland in relation to customs and the movement of goods, technical regulations, VAT and excise, the Single Electricity Market and State aid; including the jurisdiction to hear applications for preliminary rulings submitted by the courts of Northern Ireland. The UK will have the right to participate in these proceedings as if it were a Member State.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Mr Maciej Szpunar is re-elected First Advocate General of the Court of Justice [...] Election of the Presidents of the Chambers of five Judges of the Court of Justice [...] Mr Thomas von Danwitz is elected Vice-President of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2024-05-01): The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is one of the EU’s seven institutions. It consists of two courts of law: the Court of Justice proper and the General Court. It is responsible for the jurisdiction of the European Union. The courts ensure the correct interpretation and application of primary and secondary EU law in the EU. They review the legality of acts of the EU institutions and decide whether Member States have fulfilled their obligations under primary and secondary law. The Court of Justice also provides interpretations of EU law when so requested by national judges. [...] According to Article 281(2) TFEU, the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union is amended by Parliament and the Council, which act in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure (in the form of a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council). An example of Parliament’s participation is the Court of Justice’s own proposal of 30 November 2022 to amend its Statute.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2024-05-01): The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) consists of two courts, the Court of Justice proper and the General Court, and it offers various means of redress, as laid down in Article 19 of the Treaty on European Union, Articles 251-281 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), Article 136 Euratom, and Protocol No 3 annexed to the Treaties on the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union. [...] The Court of Justice of the European Union consists of two courts, the Court of Justice proper and the General Court. As the Court of Justice has exclusive jurisdiction over actions between the institutions and those brought by a Member State against the European Parliament and/or against the Council, the General Court has jurisdiction, at first instance, in all other actions of this type, particularly in actions brought by individuals and those brought by a Member State against the Commission. [...] According to Article 281 TFEU, the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union is laid down in a separate protocol, Protocol 3, and Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, may amend this Statute. Parliament and the Council have recently reviewed a request by the Court to amend Protocol 3.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2023-09-06): The Court of Justice in the legal order of the European Union [...] The Court of Justice cooperates with all the courts of the Member States, which are the ordinary courts in matters of European Union law. To ensure the effective and uniform application of European Union legislation and to prevent divergent interpretations, the national courts may, and sometimes must, refer to the Court of Justice and ask it to clarify a point concerning the interpretation of EU law, so that they may ascertain, for example, whether their national legislation complies with that law. A request for a preliminary ruling may also seek the review of the validity of an act of EU law. [...] The Court of Justice of the European Union is the judicial institution of the European Union and of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). It is made up of two courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court. Their primary task is to examine the legality of EU measures and ensure the uniform interpretation and application of EU law.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2023-09-06): Since the establishment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in 1952, its mission has been to ensure that "the law is observed" "in the interpretation and application" of the Treaties. [...] The Court of Justice of the European Union, which has its seat in Luxembourg, consists of two courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court (created in 1988). The Civil Service Tribunal, established in 2004, ceased to operate on 1 September 2016 after its jurisdiction was transferred to the General Court in the context of the reform of the European Union’s judicial structure. As each Member State has its own language and specific legal system, the Court of Justice of the European Union is a multilingual institution. Its language arrangements have no equivalent in any other court in the world, since each of the official languages of the European Union can be the language of a case. The Court is required to observe the principle of multilingualism in full, because of the need to communicate with the parties in the language of the proceedings and to ensure that its case-law is disseminated throughout the Member States.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2010-01-11): The Court of Justice of the European Union 11.1.1 In this Practice Direction - - unless otherwise stated, an Article referred to by number means the Article so numbered of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement, as given effect by sections 7A and 7C of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018; [...] 11.1.2 Under Article 158, the European Court has jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings on questions concerning the interpretation of Part Two of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement (on Citizens' Rights) and, where such a question is raised before the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the European Court to give such a ruling. [...] 11.1.4 Under Article 12(4), the European Court has jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings on questions concerning the provisions of EU law made applicable by the second subparagraph of Article 12(2), Article 5, and Articles 7-10 of the Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol and, where such a question is raised before the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court will request the European Court to give a ruling thereon unless:
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2024-10-07): The contested enforcement of the Northern Ireland Protocol [...] Pending the introduction of these IT facilities, fears of recurrent disruptions in the supply chains of the province of Northern Ireland have prompted unionists from the DUP (Ian Paisley Jr) to invoke Article 16 of the Northern Ireland Protocol, which allows the European Union or the United Kingdom to take "appropriate safeguard measures" - in this case the suspension of controls - "if the application of this Protocol leads to serious economic, societal or environmental difficulties which are likely to persist, or to a reorientation of trade". Alerted to the risk of food shortages, Brandon Lewis, UK Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, was reassuring and said that he would work to ensure the flow of trade. But the announcement on January 27, 2021 of reduced deliveries of vaccines for the European market by the pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca was to trigger renewed tension between the European Union and the United Kingdom. The first reaction of the European authorities was to use the safeguard clause provided in Article 16 of the Protocol to set up, for greater transparency, a mechanism to control exports of vaccines produced at the Belgian site of Seneffe to the United Kingdom and especially to Northern Ireland. [...] [21] Colin Murray, "Oven-ready or half-baked? Implementing the Northern Ireland Protocol", UK in a changing Europe, 17/2/2020.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2023-02-27): The UK government has said it wants to remove the European Court of Justice from its oversight role as part of the Northern Ireland Protocol, saying as long as it continues the deal will never survive. [...] The Court of Justice of the European Union - to give it its full name - is the EU's highest legal authority. It is based in Luxembourg. [...] But that did not stop the government signing up to the NI Protocol, complete with ECJ oversight. It is that which Lord Frost wanted to change.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2023-01-21): The Lady Chief Justice Keegan acknowledged submissions made both by the NI Human Rights Commission and by the Equality Commission in assisting the Court with their decision. SPUC sought permission to appeal their case to the UK Supreme Court but this was refused by the UK Supreme Court in November 2023. [...] Article 2(1) of the Windsor Framework (formerly the Protocol on Ireland/ Northern Ireland) to the European Union Withdrawal Agreement requires the UK government to ensure that there is no diminution of the rights, safeguards and equality of opportunity provisions set out in the Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement as a result of the UK leaving the European Union, including in the area of discrimination.
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2023-11-13): Notification under article 8 (6) of the Protocol: [...] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 10 April 2006
Claim: The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues. (Jim Allister, 2021-10-11)
Evidence (2022-06-03): The Court of Justice of the EU has been active in recent years in protecting Article 2 TEU values more broadly. This has included the development of a principle of "non-regression" from commitments entered into upon accession for Member States. Do you think that such a principle would prevent a Member State constitutional or apex court from issuing a judgment such as the U.S. Supreme Court’s upcoming judgment, if were to remove fundamental rights of individuals? [...] I concur with their argument. The Court of Justice of the EU’s jurisprudence since the Portuguese Judges ruling is crucial for protecting fundamental rights and the Rule of Law in the EU. I would also argue that the incremental incorporation of the rights found in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights displays a process of incorporation in the EU. For example, in the SEGRO ruling in 2018, the European Court of Justice protected the right to property of EU citizens in the Member States. [...] However, leaving interpretative theories aside, I think the Court of Justice of the EU’s shift toward a European constitutional identity is vital as it could be crucial for solving the Rule of Law backsliding in the Member States.