copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2016-02-01): Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility - PMID: 26956130 - DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9815-0 Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility Autism (MIM 209850) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease that manifests within the first 3 years of life. Numerous articles reported that dysfunctional folate-methionine pathway enzymes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme of this pathway and MTHFR C677T polymorphism reported as risk factor for autism in several case control studies. However, controversial reports were also published. Hence the present meta-analysis was designed to investigate the relationship of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism with the risk of autism. Electronic databases were searched for case control studies with following search terms - 'MTHFR', 'C677T', in combination with 'Autism'. Pooled OR with its corresponding 95 % CI was calculated and used as association measure to investigate the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of autism. Total of thirteen studies were found suitable for the inclusion in the present meta-analysis, which comprises 1978 cases and 7257 controls.
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2016-03-08): Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility [...] Autism (MIM 209850) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease that manifests within the first 3 years of life. Numerous articles reported that dysfunctional folate-methionine pathway enzymes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme of this pathway and MTHFR C677T polymorphism reported as risk factor for autism in several case control studies. However, controversial reports were also published. Hence the present meta-analysis was designed to investigate the relationship of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism with the risk of autism. Electronic databases were searched for case control studies with following search terms - ‘MTHFR’, ‘C677T’, in combination with ‘Autism’. Pooled OR with its corresponding 95 % CI was calculated and used as association measure to investigate the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of autism. Total of thirteen studies were found suitable for the inclusion in the present meta-analysis, which comprises 1978 cases and 7257 controls. [...] Rai, V. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility.
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2021-02-25): As one of the key enzymes in metabolic regulation, MTHFR is also one of the important candidate genes for common neurodevelopmental disorders. More than 10 mutations have been found contributing to effects of the MTHFR enzyme, of which C677T is one of the most common mutations found up to the present (24, 25). Decreased enzyme activity and heat tolerance caused by mutations can lead to folic acid metabolic abnormalities, methylation abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental disorders (17). This study suggested that carriers of MTHFR 677T allele were more likely to show an increased risk of autism than carriers of CC homozygotes (P = 0.004, OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02–1.29), to some extent, which verifies that MTHFR may be one of the predisposing genes for autism. Paşca et al. (39) first reported the association between MTHFR C677T and risk of autism; however, it was a small sample study that just was carried out in 15 cases of autism and 25 cases of autism spectrum disorders. However, dos Santos (40) did not find any association between MTHFR C677T and risk of autism in Brazilian population.
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2020-09-24): To conclude, this meta-analysis confirms that C677T polymorphism of MTHFR is remarkably linked with ASD risk. Nevertheless, the findings agree that the A1298C polymorphism of MTHFR is not significantly correlated with ASD. Exploring gene-gene and gene-environment interactions could throw more light on the genetic link between MTHFR variants and ASD risk. [...] Pu D, Shen Y, Wu J. Association between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and the risk of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Autism Res. 2013;6:384–92. Rai V. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility. Metab Brain Dis. 2016;31(4):727–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-016-9815-0.
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2020-09-18): Imbalanced one carbon metabolism and aberrant autophagy is robustly reported in patients with autism. Polymorphism in the gene methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr), encoding for a key enzyme in this pathway is associated with an increased risk for autistic-spectrum-disorders (ASDs). Autistic-like core and associated behaviors have been described, with contribution of both maternal and offspring Mthfr+/− genotype to the different domains of behavior. Preconception and prenatal supplementation with methyl donor rich diet to human subjects and mice reduced the risk for developing autism and autistic-like behavior, respectively. Here we tested the potential of choline supplementation to Mthfr-deficient mice at young-adulthood to reduce behavioral and neurochemical changes reminiscent of autism characteristics. We show that offspring of Mthfr+/− mothers, whether wildtype or heterozygote, exhibit autistic-like behavior, altered brain p62 protein levels and LC3-II/LC3-I levels ratio, both, autophagy markers. Choline supplementation to adult offspring of Mthfr+/− mothers for 14 days counteracted characteristics related to repetitive behavior and anxiety both in males and in females and improved social behavior solely in male mice. Choline treatment also normalized deviant cortical levels of the autophagy markers measured in male mice. [...] We recently reported that mice heterozygosity of Mthfr-KO causes ASD-like behavior, with a significant contribution of both the offspring and the maternal genotype18. Using a similar phenotyping protocol the possibility to normalize behavior in young adult offspring of Mthfr+/− mothers by choline supplementation was addressed. [...] Goin-Kochel, R. P. et al. The MTHFR 677C–>T polymorphism and behaviors in children with autism: exploratory genotype-phenotype correlations. Autism Res.2, 98–108 (2009).
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2022-07-19): Rai, V. (2016). Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: Evidence of genetic susceptibility. Metabolic Brain Disease,31(4), 727–735. Razi, B., Imani, D., Makoui, M. H., Rezaei, R., & Aslani, S. (2020). Association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,70, 101473. [...] Sadeghiyeh, T., Dastgheib, S. A., Mirzaee-Khoramabadi, K., Morovati-Sharifabad, M., Akbarian-Bafghi, M. J., Poursharif, Z., et al. (2019). Association of MTHFR 677C> T and 1298A> C polymorphisms with susceptibility to autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry,46, 54–61.
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2023-11-23): In November 2023, obstetrician and gynecologist Nathan Riley, who has more than 23,000 followers on Instagram, posted an Instagram reel suggesting that vaccines, glyphosate, and mutations in the MTHFR gene contribute to the development of autism in children with brainneurologic injury. The reel’s caption stated "Asking questions is the thesis of science. Being unwilling to question your bias is antithetical to science". Riley’s speculation can be traced back to misinformation that attributes autism to childhood vaccines, the MTHFR gene, or glyphosate, that has been cropping up for years, as Health Feedback reviews and other science-related articles have documented. The assertion that he is "just asking questions" also presumes that there are grounds to suspect vaccines, MTHFR mutations, and glyphosate cause autism. However, most of these claims have already been investigated and discredited. We explain below. [...] Riley’s speculation that a combination of vaccines, MTHFR mutations, and glyphosate can lead to autism can ultimately be traced back to old misinformation around the causes of autism. The claim that vaccines contain toxic ingredients is false, and there have already been numerous studies looking to see if an association between childhood vaccines and autism exists. Large-scale reliable studies have found no such association. There’s also no evidence that MTHFR mutations affect a person’s ability to process folate or their response to vaccines. Evidence regarding a potential link between glyphosate and autism is scarce at the moment, although the few studies available at the moment are insufficient to support claims that glyphosate contributes to autism risk.
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2017-09-28): How it is damaging: In addition to the negative impact it has on methylation, glyphosate causes oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, which means it adversely affects the nervous system. Studies have linked glyphosate to neurological conditions such as dementia and autism.1,4,5 It is also a potential carcinogen. A 2017 review of the research did not lead the European Union to ban Glyphosate, although the International Agency for Research on Cancer did find it to be a cancer-causing substance.2,3
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2021-02-03): Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD. Vaccines are not associated with autism: An evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine. 2014; 32(29):3623-3629. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085 - 18.
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2017-12-02): Autistic Self-Advocacy Network "Vaccinations do not cause autism – but the use of autism as a means of scaring parents from safeguarding their children from life-threatening illness demonstrates the depths of prejudice and fear that still surrounds our disability. Autism is not caused by vaccines – and Autistic Americans deserve better than a political rhetoric that suggests that we would be better off dead than disabled." [...] Autism Women’s Network "Vaccines do not cause autism. Neither does thimerosal." [...] American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry "Years ago, some people questioned whether the onset of characteristic symptoms of autism coincided with the timing of immunizations. Since then, multiple studies conducted in several different countries have demonstrated that there is no causal association between vaccines and autism. Neither vaccines nor their preservatives increase the rate of autism compared to unvaccinated children. Vaccines do not change the timing of autism symptoms, nor is there any effect on autism severity. Even in families at greater risk for autism, for example, where there is already a child with autism, there is no increase in the likelihood that the second child will have autism if he or she is vaccinated. Recent studies have also demonstrated that brain changes associated with autism risk most likely occur before birth and well before any immunizations are ever administered."
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2024-01-01): It is tautological that a study that is not capable of testing a hypothesis of causality will fail to provide sufficient weight of evidence in support of causality. Since prospective blinded randomized clinical trials comparing total health outcome of vaccinated vs. unvaccinated children have not been conducted, we are left with a slew of retrospective studies that only obliquely address the issue of causality, if at all; none of which can disprove the role of mutations in ER-folded proteins as contributing to vaccine-induced encephalopathy mediated autism. Of the studies conducted often-cited as "disproving" that vaccines do not cause autism, seven merely analyzed trends, failing to provide a sufficient test of the hypothesis of causality [144-150]. Kaye studied only MMR, and their study used no separate control group [145]. Many of these studied the effect of only one vaccine or just the MMR and measles vaccine [151-154]. These studies cannot be used to assert that "vaccines" do not cause autism. Indeed, vaccines exist in the CDC pediatric schedules that have never been studied for association w/ASD. Zerbo suffered numerous additional flaws, including over-correcting for multiple hypothesis testing using the Bonferroni adjustment, which is generally considered too strict [154].
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2021-05-31): AHHH VACCINES CAUSE AUTISM YOU DAMN WEIRDOS. MY CHILD GOT VACCINATED AND DIED. (IT WAS IN A CAR CRASH BUT THE PERSON DRIVING WAS VACCINATED, COINCIDENCE, I THINK NOT!) [...] NEW STUDY VACCINES CAUSE AUTISM, LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOMAS: Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology. [...] Through my extensive research and my work throughout the years, I have discovered that vaccinations are causing impaired blood flow (ischemia) to brain and body from clinically silent to death. These are strokes – across the board for all of us. I have reason to believe that all are being affected and all vaccinations ARE causing the overwhelming rise in autism, specific learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders, sudden infant death, gulf war syndrome, dementia, seizure disorders, some cancers it would appear, and much much more.
Claim: Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury (Nathan Riley, 2023-11-19)
Evidence (2021-01-25): - Sadeghiyeh, T.; Dastgheib, S.A.; Mirzaee-Khoramabadi, K.; Morovati-Sharifabad, M.; Akbarian-Bafghi, M.J.; Poursharif, Z.; Mirjalili, S.R.; Neamatzadeh, H. Association of MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms with susceptibility to autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J. Psychiatr. 2019, 46, 54–61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-17): COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020. More than two years later, the disease has caused about 1 million deaths in the U.S. and an estimated 15 million excess deaths worldwide, according to health agencies.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-16): The U.S. death toll from COVID-19 hit one million on Monday, a once-unimaginable figure that only hints at the multitudes of loved ones and friends staggered by grief and frustration. [...] Three out of every four deaths were people 65 and older. More men died than women. White people made up most of the deaths overall. But Black, Hispanic and Native American people have been roughly twice as likely to die from COVID-19 as their white counterparts. [...] The milestone comes more than three months after the U.S. reached 900,000 dead. The pace has slowed since a harrowing winter surge fuelled by the Omicron variant. The U.S. is averaging about 300 COVID-19 deaths a day, compared with a peak of about 3,400 a day in January, 2021.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-18): More than 1 million people, or 1 in every 331 Americans, have died of COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The virus has not been equally fatal for all Americans. Black people, Native Americans and white people hold a higher percentage of COVID-19 deaths than their share of the US population. Americans 65 and older were more than 80% of all deaths from the virus in the first year of the pandemic. And while the Northeast and Midwest were hit hard by COVID-19 in 2020, deaths from the virus were more evenly distributed around the country since then. [...] One reason for the racial and ethnic differences may be that older Americans — who tend to be more white than the population overall — make up the majority of COVID-19 deaths. In 2020, more than 80% of COVID-19 deaths were from those 65 or older. Since then, the share of deaths among older Americans fell to 75%.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2023-03-10): Compare cases, deaths and more since 2020 and for last 90 days. After three years of around-the-clock tracking of COVID-19 data from... [...] Examine the pandemic through a variety of demographic lenses: age, race, ethnicity, and gender.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2023-07-23): New Deaths Per Day In the United States, there were 0 newly reported COVID-19 cases and 0 newly reported COVID-19 deaths on Jul 23, 2023 7-day average cases per 100k From cities to rural towns, stay informed on where COVID-19 is spreading to understand how it could affect families, commerce, and travel. Follow new cases found each day and the number of cases and deaths in the US. The county-level tracker makes it easy to follow COVID-19 cases on a granular level, as does the ability to break down infections per 100,000 people. This county visualization is unique to USAFacts and will be updated with the most recent data as frequently as possible. The underlying data is available for download below the US county map and has helped government agencies like Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in its nationwide efforts.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2024-08-19): According to the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University as of 19:21 Eastern Standard Time (EST) on August 7, 2021, the total COVID-19 cases in the US had crossed the 35.73 million mark, with the death toll reaching 616,712.[114] [...] - ^ a b Foster, Robin; Mundell, E.J. (September 29, 2020). "Global Death Toll From COVID-19 Passes One Million". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved March 10, 2021. [...] - ^ "US COVID-19 Deaths Reach 240K as Daily Cases Set Another Record". NBC Connecticut. November 9, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-12): United States passes one million Covid deaths The US has passed more than one million Covid-related deaths, says the White House. [...] "One million Covid deaths, one million empty chairs around the family dinner table, each irreplaceable losses," said President Biden in a televised statement on Thursday morning.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-16): 1 million COVID deaths: Pandemic's tragic toll in U.S. extends far beyond the numbers As the U.S. faces the tragic milestone of 1 million deaths from COVID-19, President Biden says the "irreplaceable losses" of the pandemic must not be forgotten. [...] A provisional count of COVID-19 deaths by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reached 1,000,292 on Monday, based on an analysis of death certificate records published by the agency's National Center for Health Statistics.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-16): 1 million COVID-19 deaths: A look at the U.S. numbers Doug Lambrecht was among the first of the 1 million Americans to die from COVID-19. His demographic profile — an older white male with chronic health problems — mirrors the faces of many who would be lost over the next two years. [...] The pandemic has generated gigabytes of data that make clear which U.S. groups have been hit the hardest. More than 700,000 people 65 and older died. Men died at higher rates than women.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-12): Americans must not "grow numb" to the sorrow of the coronavirus pandemic, President Joe Biden said Thursday, as he marked 1 million Covid-19 deaths in the United States. [...] "One million empty chairs around the dinner table. Each an irreplaceable loss. Each leaving behind a family, a community, and a nation forever changed because of this pandemic," Biden said in a statement published by the White House early Thursday morning. [...] According to data compiled by NBC News, the U.S. passed the 1 million mark earlier this month, reaching a number equivalent to the population size of San Jose, California, the 10th largest city in the U.S. As of Wednesday, Covid-19 deaths in the U.S. had reached 1,002,848, the data showed.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-13): More than two years into the Covid-19 pandemic, the United States has hit another grim milestone. 805 days after the CDC recorded the first official Covid-19 death in the U.S. on February 27, 2020, President Biden mourned the death of one million Americans, speaking of "irreplaceable losses, each leaving behind a family, a community forever changed because of this pandemic." "As a nation, we must not grow numb to such sorrow. To heal, we must remember," Biden said in an official statement. "The idea of one million deaths in an outbreak is historic in nature," Biden's Chief Medial Adviser Dr. Anthony Fauci said, lamenting that many of those deaths could have been avoidable. "It's estimated that, if people had been vaccinated to a much greater extent right now, that vaccines would have avoided at least a quarter of those deaths, namely about 250,000," Dr. Fauci said in an interview with PBS. After a brief respite in the spring/summer of 2021, when vaccinations and warmer weather combined to slow down the spread of the virus and consequently the number of deaths, the Delta wave that hit in late summer/early fall made things worse again. As the following chart shows, the rate of Covid deaths re-accelerated in late 2021 and early 2022, before thankfully slowing down in the last three months. While it took just 50 days to go from 800,000 deaths in December 2021 to 900,000 on February 3. It has taken twice as long to go from 900,000 to one million Covid casualties.
Claim: U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million (Carla Johnson, 2022-05-17)
Evidence (2022-05-17): US deaths from COVID hit 1 million, less than 2 1/2 years in The U.S. death toll from COVID-19 hit 1 million on Monday, a once-unimaginable figure that only hints at the multitudes of loved ones and friends staggered by grief and frustration. [...] The U.S. has the highest reported COVID-19 death toll of any country, though health experts have long suspected that the real number of deaths in places such as India, Brazil and Russia is higher than the official figures.