copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: These two very different cultures have different ADHD levels in children, in America the rate is 19 percent, and in France, it’s .5% – a half of a percent (Anonymous, Marilyn Wedge, 2019-10-21)
Evidence (2024-02-27): In such cultures, harmony, support, and nurturing relationships within the community are central. Economic growth may be of lesser importance. Individuals with ADHD in such societies can channel their energy into contributing to collective well-being by undertaking communal tasks, supporting others in times of need, and fostering a sense of unity within the community. This is something the Western world could learn from. [...] Viewing ADHD positively in various cultures It's fascinating to contemplate how we would perceive neurological diversity if we were raised in other cultures. While ADHD receives much attention in Western countries, elsewhere it might not even be recognized as a disorder. These cultural differences challenge us to reconsider our perception of neurodiversity.
Claim: These two very different cultures have different ADHD levels in children, in America the rate is 19 percent, and in France, it’s .5% – a half of a percent (Anonymous, Marilyn Wedge, 2019-10-21)
Evidence (2004-01-09): There are no specific cognitive, metabolic or neurological markers and no medical tests for ADHD. Because of uncertainty about definition, epidemiological studies produce hugely differing prevalence rates: from 0.5% to 26% of children. Despite attempts at standardising criteria, in cross-cultural studies major and significant differences between raters from different countries in the way they rate symptoms of ADHD, as well as major differences in the way children from different cultures are rated for symptoms of ADHD, are apparent. More than 30 neuroimaging studies have been published; however, researchers have yet to compare unmedicated children diagnosed with ADHD with an age-matched control group. Sample sizes in these studies have been small and have produced a variety of inconsistent results. In no study were the brains considered clinically abnormal, nor is it possible to work out whether any differences seen are caused by (rather than being the causes of) different styles of thinking, or are the result of the medication the children had taken. What we end up with is a modern version of the long-discredited ‘science’ of phrenology.
Claim: These two very different cultures have different ADHD levels in children, in America the rate is 19 percent, and in France, it’s .5% – a half of a percent (Anonymous, Marilyn Wedge, 2019-10-21)
Evidence (2014-10-15): ADHD in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Children [...] Guided by ecological models, findings of ADHD in culturally and linguistically diverse children are organized into the four levels of development: (1) child-level factors, (2) the microsystem, (3) the exosystem, and (4) the macrosystem. The chapter concludes with future directions for culturally relevant research and interventions for ADHD. [...] Slobodin, O. (2023). ADHD in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Children.
Claim: These two very different cultures have different ADHD levels in children, in America the rate is 19 percent, and in France, it’s .5% – a half of a percent (Anonymous, Marilyn Wedge, 2019-10-21)
Evidence (2023-09-08): Incidence peaked at age 5–9 years, and prevalence and DALYs at age 10–14 years. Our re-analysis of data prior to 2013 showed a prevalence in children/adolescents two-fold higher (5.41%, 95% CI: 4.67–6.15%) compared to the corresponding GBD estimated prevalence (2.68%, 1.83–3.72%), with no significant differences between low- and middle- and high-income countries. We also found meta-analytic evidence of significantly increased ADHD-related mortality due to unnatural causes. While it provides the most detailed evidence on temporal trends, as well as on geographic and sex variations in incidence, prevalence, and burden of ADHD, the GBD may have underestimated the ADHD prevalence and burden. Given the influence of the GBD on research and policies, methodological issues should be addressed in its future editions. [...] DysCo Lab, Department of Psychology, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
Claim: These two very different cultures have different ADHD levels in children, in America the rate is 19 percent, and in France, it’s .5% – a half of a percent (Anonymous, Marilyn Wedge, 2019-10-21)
Evidence (2005-01-06): Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a diverse culture: do research and clinical findings support the notion of a cultural construct for the disorder? [...] There is still some debate in the literature whether Attention-Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity (ADHD) is best conceptualized as a biological disorder or if it is best understood as a cultural construct. This review aims to contribute to disentangle this issue assessing clinical and research data on ADHD in a complete diverse culture from a developing country. We performed a systematic computerized review of the literature on ADHD in Brazil. All investigations were included if dealing with ADHD prevalence, etiology, symptomatological construct, or treatment. Findings were compared to those from studies in developed countries. The prevalence rates of ADHD (5.8% using DSM-IV criteria, 1.5% using ICD-10), the bi-dimensional factor construct extracted from factor analyses (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), the pattern of ADHD comorbidity in clinical samples, the family genetic data suggesting a 39% family transmission in clinical samples and the role of some potential candidate genes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, as well as data on the efficacy of methylphenidate in the disorder are all very similar to findings from developed countries. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADHD is not a cultural construct, reinforcing the importance of applying similar research methodology in different cultures to make findings comparable.
Claim: These two very different cultures have different ADHD levels in children, in America the rate is 19 percent, and in France, it’s .5% – a half of a percent (Anonymous, Marilyn Wedge, 2019-10-21)
Evidence (2019-10-21): While there are significant cultural differences between the US and France, ADHD prevalence in France is similar to that of the US and other developed countries. The notion that ADHD is significantly lower in France compared to the US because of differences in culture and treatment approaches is inaccurate. Inaccurate: The claim that the prevalence of ADHD in France is 0.5% is inaccurate. A 2011 study placed it between 3.5 - 5.6%. [...] One of its chief claims is that ADHD prevalence in France is 0.5%, lower than that of the US. This appears to have originated from a 2012 article published in Psychology Today by Dr. Marilyn Wedge (archived here), however, Wedge did not cite any data or peer-reviewed study to support her claim. In fact, a 2011 study conducted by researchers in France disproved this claim, reporting a prevalence between 3.5 – 5.6%[1]. The authors of the study concluded that "the epidemiology of ADHD in French children is similar to the epidemiology of ADHD in other countries". This 2018 article also explains that this claim and others made in the Psychology Today article are false.
Claim: These two very different cultures have different ADHD levels in children, in America the rate is 19 percent, and in France, it’s .5% – a half of a percent (Anonymous, Marilyn Wedge, 2019-10-21)
Evidence (2023-09-05): The prevalence of childhood AD has increased from 8% to 15% since 1997.4,10
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2020-04-06): Wireless communications use electromagnetic waves to transfer data. Electromagnetic waves carry energy that is proportional to their frequency and can interact with biological tissues. However, the energy level and the penetration depth of the type of waves used for 5G do not allow them to alter the structure and function of important biological macromolecules such as hemoglobin. In addition, there is no correlation between the very limited 5G coverage in the world and the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2020-05-30): FULL CLAIM: We are dealing with a phenomenon where 5G radiation exposures ... occupies the hemoglobin molecule with other elements that alter its structure and therefore its function, inhibiting its ability to bind with oxygen. This is very likely happening all across the world wherever 5G is currently functioning, it’s just that the coronavirus is now exacerbating the symptoms and conditions to the point where mass death is occurring. [...] The capacity of the hemoglobin protein to bind and release oxygen is tightly associated with its structure and to the conformational changes it undergoes when bound. According to Mike Adams, the author of the Natural News article, 5G radiation exposure "occupies the hemoglobin molecule with other elements that alter its structure and therefore its function, inhibiting its ability to bind with oxygen." The author further states that this binding deficiency is what makes people vulnerable to COVID-19: "This is very likely happening all across the world wherever 5G is currently functioning, it’s just that the coronavirus is now exacerbating the symptoms and conditions to the point where mass death is occurring."
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2021-09-29): Evidence for a connection between coronavirus disease-19 and exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless communications including 5G - PMID: 34778597 - PMCID: PMC8580522 [...] Background and aim: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) public health policy has focused on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and its effects on human health while environmental factors have been largely ignored. In considering the epidemiological triad (agent-host-environment) applicable to all disease, we investigated a possible environmental factor in the COVID-19 pandemic: ambient radiofrequency radiation from wireless communication systems including microwaves and millimeter waves. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, surfaced in Wuhan, China shortly after the implementation of city-wide (fifth generation [5G] of wireless communications radiation [WCR]), and rapidly spread globally, initially demonstrating a statistical correlation to international communities with recently established 5G networks. In this study, we examined the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the detrimental bioeffects of WCR and identified several mechanisms by which WCR may have contributed to the COVID-19 pandemic as a toxic environmental cofactor. [...] - - Mordachev VI. Correlation between the Potential Electromagnetic Pollution Level and the Danger of COVID-19. 4G/5G/6G can be Safe for People. Doklady BGUIR. 2020;18:96–112.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2021-12-17): "Their analysis revealed a clear overlap between the effects of wireless communication technologies on the human body and the symptomatology of COVID-19 disease," a blog post on the paper said. "In other words, the electromagnetic radiation from wireless technologies, including and especially 5G, can cause the same symptoms as COVID-19!" [...] As for 5G's effect on COVID-19 infections, the World Health Organization and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which evaluates the health risks of radiation exposure from devices like cell phones, both have issued statements dispelling this false link. [...] GQ, Here's the Bonkers Conspiracy Theory Blaming 5G for the Coronavirus, Apr. 7, 2020
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2020-04-09): To be clear, these theories are wrong. As you'll see from our fact checks linked throughout this article, there's no connection between 5G and coronavirus, and no evidence of any health risk from 5G. But it's not clear that simply dismissing them is the right approach. Given the upheaval the coronavirus pandemic has caused, people are understandably worried and looking for answers. And to give those answers well, we'll need to understand where these theories come from. Because while the idea that 5G is harmful may seem to have exploded from nowhere during the coronavirus pandemic, in fact it has been steadily building online for years. And its origins can be traced back even further, to panics about earlier generations of mobile phone and wireless technology at the turn of the millennium. [...] While the conspiracy theories about 5G and the coronavirus pandemic burst into public awareness at the start of April, they have been building online for months. We started seeing the link between 5G and coronavirus claims in the second half of January, shortly after the virus started getting significant UK media coverage, but before the outbreak had been declared a pandemic.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2020-07-03): The people who think coronavirus is caused by 5G The idea that 5G could have health implications isn't new. But conspiracy theories linking 5G with Covid-19 went viral during lockdown. [...] Major health organisations have said that 5G is safe and that there's no link between it and coronavirus. But while most of the UK was isolating at home, anti-5G protesters took to the streets.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2020-04-09): 5G is not linked to the coronavirus pandemic in any way. Here's the science. [...] A conspiracy theory claiming 5G can spread the coronavirus is making the rounds on social media. The myth supposedly gained traction when a Belgian doctor linked the "dangers" of 5G technology to the virus during an interview in January. [...] 5G radiation can't penetrate skin, or allow a virus to penetrate skin. There is no evidence 5G radio frequencies cause or exacerbate the spread of the coronavirus.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2020-03-31): The headline quoted above has now been changed by the Daily Star to read "Coronavirus: Activists in bizarre claim 5G could be acting as 'accelerator' for disease" and includes a statement by the UK government to say there is "no convincing evidence that 5G is dangerous". The article refers to two theories to support the claim that 5G accelerates the new coronavirus. Firstly that 5G might suppress the immune system and, secondly, that viruses can communicate through radio waves. Neither of these theories is backed up by evidence. The new coronavirus is also affecting countries and regions where no 5G is present. [...] The Daily Star quotes an "activist and philosophy lecturer at the Isle of Wight College" saying that electromagnetic radiation from 5G suppresses the immune system, helping the virus to thrive. As mentioned above, the level of radiation from 5G is far below levels of electromagnetic radiation thought to cause damage to cells in the human body.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2020-04-23): What does 5G have to do with coronavirus? [...] What does 5G have to do with COVID19? [...] One version of the theory falsely claims the symptoms of coronavirus are a result of radiation from the 5G network, another claims the virus is a natural infection made worse by 5G, and yet another that the entire pandemic is a hoax designed to distract people from the installation of the 5G network.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2020-04-11): The capacity of the hemoglobin protein to bind and release oxygen is tightly associated with its structure and to the conformational changes it undergoes when bound. According to Mike Adams, the author of the Natural News article, 5G radiation exposure "occupies the hemoglobin molecule with other elements that alter its structure and therefore its function, inhibiting its ability to bind with oxygen." The author further states that this binding deficiency is what makes people vulnerable to COVID-19: "This is very likely happening all across the world wherever 5G is currently functioning, it’s just that the coronavirus is now exacerbating the symptoms and conditions to the point where mass death is occurring." [...] In summary, the article does not provide adequate scientific evidence to support its claim that 5G increases vulnerability to COVID-19. In addition, no scientific studies have established an impact of 5G electromagnetic radiation on hemoglobin structure. Although research on the potential health impacts of EMF remains relevant, the characteristics of the EMF used in 5G suggest that it is unlikely it would cross the thickness of the skin and reach the blood, nor that it could alter the structure of biomolecules in vivo. The strength of radiation required to alter the structure of biological macromolecules is far higher than that used in telecommunications. Finally, 5G is not available in most parts of the world and the regions that do have it are not hotspots for COVID-19.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2024-06-15): Claim reviews are graded on a scale that ranges from Correct to Inaccurate. For example, this claim by Natural News "Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells." is rated as Incorrect. Multiple scientists within the medical field review each fact check. In general, Health Feedback displays minimal bias and stays focused on science.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2024-10-09): How 5G radiation exposure alters the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygenGetting back to the oxygen question, the answer to why 5G radiation exposure may alter the function of hemoglobin is found in understanding the protein structure of hemoglobin itself. Hemoglobin relies on something called the "heme group" which is a complex molecule with iron (FE 2+) in its center. This is surrounded by something called a "porphyrin ring" which is a cluster of unique structures (made of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen) that has a special affinity for other oxygen atoms. The ability for oxygen to "leap" onto this molecule in the lungs depends entirely on the structure (which also implies the ionic charges) of these complex molecules. [...] The real question in all this is best phrased as I have asked it above. I doubt that we are dealing with a phenomenon where 5G radiation exposures blocks the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen, but rather occupies the hemoglobin molecule with other elements that alter its structure and therefore its function, inhibiting its ability to bind with oxygen. [...] In other words, the coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure / radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells in the bodies of people who live in 5G cities.This doesn’t mean the coronavirus isn’t real, of course; just that these two attacks on the human body have a synergistic effect of toxicity and mortality.
Claim: Coronavirus pandemic would likely not be nearly as bad if 5G exposure/radiation pollution wasn’t already compromising the structure and function of hemoglobin cells. (Mike Adams, 2020-04-06)
Evidence (2022-03-18): Narrative Doubling and the Structure of Helaman, Kimberly M. Berkey
Claim: the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere has climbed to a level last seen more than 3 million years ago — before humans even appeared on the rocky ball we call home (Denise Chow, 2019-05-14)
Evidence (2019-05-14): The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing several parts per million each year, and has already reached levels not seen since much warmer climates in the geologic past.
Claim: the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere has climbed to a level last seen more than 3 million years ago — before humans even appeared on the rocky ball we call home (Denise Chow, 2019-05-14)
Evidence (2024-09-28): - The daily average concentration of atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa Observatory first exceeded 400 ppm on 10 May 2013[27][28] although this concentration had already been reached in the Arctic in June 2012.[29] Data from 2013 showed that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is this high "for the first time in 55 years of measurement—and probably more than 3 million years of Earth history."[30] [...] Concentrations in the geologic past [edit]Estimates in 2023 found that the current carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere may be the highest it has been in the last 14 million years.[11] However the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report estimated similar levels 3 to 3.3 million years ago in the mid-Pliocene warm period. This period can be a proxy for likely climate outcomes with current levels of CO2.[101]: Figure 2.34