copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Measles vaccine caused Samoa measles outbreak (Anonymous, 2019-12-07)
Evidence (2024-03-01): "Anytime there’s measles in a community, it is a threat. Even countries that have achieved elimination can’t relax. They have to maintain high coverage of measles vaccination and strong systems for picking up cases that get imported through international travel. Without this, measles transmission can become re-established," says Dr Saia Ma’u Piukala, WHO Regional Director for the Western Pacific. If measles is imported into communities where vaccination coverage is below 95%, the risk of outbreaks increases. Countries and areas in the Western Pacific are working hard to close immunity gaps. [...] "The Western Pacific must not forget the bitter lessons we have learned from previous measles resurgences in the Region," says Dr Saia Ma’u Piukala. "Countries must keep working to reach every child with lifesaving vaccines, strengthen surveillance systems, encourage health workers to stay vigilant and educate people about the importance of checking that their vaccinations are up-to-date so we can avoid a resurgence in the future."
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2020-01-13): Many lines of evidence have enabled scientists to conclude that humans are responsible for global warming. Physics dictates that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap additional heat in Earth's climate system, and human-caused emissions of greenhouse gases have increased those concentrations. Climate has changed in the past for a number of reasons, and studying those events helps scientists understand the way the climate system works.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2021-10-25): Climate change: How do we know it is happening and caused by humans? [...] But what's the evidence for global warming and how do we know it's being caused by humans? [...] A key UN report released in 2021 said it "is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, oceans and land".
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-03-08): Within a week, an international group of scientists had analyzed this extreme heat and concluded it would have been virtually impossible without climate change caused by humans. The planet’s average surface temperature has risen by at least 1.1 degree Celsius since preindustrial levels of 1850–1900 — because people are loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases produced during the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and gas, and from cutting down forests. [...] Humans began substantially affecting the atmosphere around the turn of the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution took off in Britain. Factories burned tons of coal; fueled by fossil fuels, the steam engine revolutionized transportation and other industries. In the decades since, fossil fuels including oil and natural gas have been harnessed to drive a global economy. All these activities belch gases into the air. [...] Here was the insight underlying modern climate science: Atmosheric CO2 is increasing, and humans are causing the buildup. Revelle and Suess became the final piece in a puzzle dating back to Svante Arrhenius and John Tyndall.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2021-08-09): - Changes to the ocean, including warming, more frequent marine heatwaves, ocean acidification, and reduced oxygen levels have been clearly linked to human influence. These changes affect both ocean ecosystems and the people that rely on them, and they will continue throughout at least the rest of this century. [...] Human influence on the past and future climate "It has been clear for decades that the Earth’s climate is changing, and the role of human influence on the climate system is undisputed," said Masson-Delmotte. Yet the new report also reflects major advances in the science of attribution – understanding the role of climate change in intensifying specific weather and climate events such as extreme heat waves and heavy rainfall events. The report also shows that human actions still have the potential to determine the future course of climate. The evidence is clear that carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main driver of climate change, even as other greenhouse gases and air pollutants also affect the climate.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2020-07-06): Contrary to popular belief, scientists do not disagree that climate change is happening and that it is caused by humans. Various analyses over many years have shown that between 90% and 100% of publishing climate scientists agree that humans are the main cause of our warming climate. Many studies have evaluated the scientific consensus, but the most famous, which as of this summer has been downloaded 1 million times, is this 2013 paper quantifying that agreement at over 97%. [...] Despite this scientific consensus, only 1 in 5 Americans understand that almost all climate scientists agree that climate change is real and caused by humans. That is called the "Consensus Gap." [...] The Skeptical Science website has compiled an exhaustive list of common myths and misconceptions about human-caused climate change, each complemented by peer-reviewed scientific research to illuminate the topics.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2022-12-28): A more recent study conducted by a group of international authors confirmed that over 90% of climate scientists share the consensus that climate change is human-caused. [...] Human-caused climate change is endorsed by the IPCC. As far back as 1995, the intergovernmental body said"the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate." [...] "And this all tells us that the current climate change is caused by human activities."
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2020-10-29): Are humans causing or contributing to global warming? Yes, by increasing the abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, human activities are amplifying Earth’s natural greenhouse effect. Virtually all climate scientists agree that this increase in heat-trapping gases is the main reason for the 1.8°F (1.0°C) rise in global average temperature since the late nineteenth century. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and various chlorofluorocarbons are all human-emitted heat-trapping gases. Among these, carbon dioxide is of greatest concern to scientists because it exerts a larger overall warming influence than the other gases combined. At present, humans are putting an estimated 9.5 billion metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year by burning fossil fuels, and another 1.5 billion through deforestation and other land cover changes. Of this human-produced carbon, forests and other vegetation absorb around 3.2 billion metric tons per year, while the ocean absorbs about 2.5 billion metric tons per year. A net 5 billion metric tons of human-produced carbon remain in the atmosphere each year, raising the global average carbon dioxide concentrations by about 2.3 parts per million per year. Since 1750, humans have increased the abundance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by nearly 50 percent. Learn more.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2014-11-19): Why Doesn’t Everyone Believe Humans Are Causing Climate Change? [...] Yet back home, President Obama still faces an electorate that doesn’t believe climate change is caused by humans. Only 40% of Americans attribute global warming to human activity, according to a recent Pew Research Center poll . This, despite decades of scientific evidence and the fact that Americans generally trust climate scientists . [...] Kahan’s ideas are based on his own surveys of the American public. In one recent study of 1,769 participants recruited through the public opinion firm YouGov, he assessed people’s "ordinary climate science intelligence" with a series of climate change knowledge questions. He also collected demographic data, including political orientation. Kahan found no correlation between one’s understanding of climate science and his or her acceptance of human-caused climate change. Some people who knew quite a bit on the topic still didn’t accept the premise of anthropogenic climate change, and vice versa. He also found that, as expected, conservatives are less likely to accept that humans are changing the climate.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2009-07-14): Humans cause climate change. How do we know? Scientists agree that global warming is caused mainly by human activity. Specifically, the evidence shows that certain heat-trapping gases, such as carbon dioxide, are warming the world—and that we release those gases when we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. [...] We know that warming and cooling have happened in the past, long before humans were around. Natural "climate drivers" include the energy from the sun; aerosols from periodic volcanic eruptions, dust, and salt spray; natural ecological phenomena like methane-emitting termite mounds and CO2 uptake by plants; and variations in snow and ice cover that change how much the Earth’s surface reflects the sun’s energy back into space (referred to as albedo).
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-02-20): CLAIM 1: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide can’t be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources. Water vapor is by far the most important greenhouse gas, so changes in CO2 are irrelevant. [...] But hypothetically, even if the hockey stick was busted ... What of it? The case for anthropogenic global warming originally came from studies of climate mechanics, not from reconstructions of past temperatures seeking a cause. Warnings about current warming trends came out years before Mann’s hockey-stick graph. Even if the world were incontrovertibly warmer 1,000 years ago, it would not change the fact that the recent rapid rise in CO2 explains the current episode of warming more credibly than any natural factor does—and that no natural factor seems poised to offset further warming in the years ahead.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2017-11-27): The climate is changing — the thing is, it isn’t just due to humans. Natural forces beyond human control are also gradually affecting our climate. These geophysical forces are vital to understanding global warming. Man is indeed responsible for a large portion — possibly even a majority — of global warming. But also in play are complex gravitational interactions, including changes in the Earth’s orbit, axial tilt and torque. [...] Still, even President Donald J. Trump has implied the whole of idea climate change may just be a hoax. Most Republicans seem to agree that it is not a serious problem.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2022-10-12): What evidence exists that Earth is warming and that humans are the main cause? [...] We know this warming is largely caused by human activities because the key role that carbon dioxide plays in maintaining Earth’s natural greenhouse effect has been understood since the mid-1800s. Unless it is offset by some equally large cooling influence, more atmospheric carbon dioxide will lead to warmer surface temperatures. Since 1800, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from about 280 parts per million to 410 ppm in 2019. We know from both its rapid increase and its isotopic "fingerprint" that the source of this new carbon dioxide is fossil fuels, and not natural sources like forest fires, volcanoes, or outgassing from the ocean. Finally, no other known climate influences have changed enough to account for the observed warming trend. Taken together, these and other lines of evidence point squarely to human activities as the cause of recent global warming.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-03-07): Myth #2: Climate change is a natural process. It has nothing to do with people. [...] A 2021 study revealed that 99 per cent of peer-reviewed scientific literature found that climate change was human-induced. That was in line with a widely read study from 2013, which found 97 per cent of peer-reviewed papers that examined the causes of climate change said it was human-caused. "The idea that there is no consensus is used by climate deniers to muddy the waters and sow the seeds of doubt," says Tsering. "But the scientific community agrees: the global warming we are facing is not natural. It is caused by humans."
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2021-11-17): People have long claimed, incorrectly, that the past century's temperature changes are just part of the Earth's natural cycle, rather than the result of human behaviour. [...] We know recent temperature rises weren't caused by the changes in the Sun's natural cycle because the layer of atmosphere nearest the earth is warming, while the layer of atmosphere closest to the Sun - the stratosphere - is cooling. [...] If temperature changes on Earth were being caused by the Sun, we would expect the whole atmosphere to warm (or cool) at the same time.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2022-06-15): - According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), "Since systematic scientific assessments began in the 1970s, the influence of human activity on the warming of the climate system has evolved from theory to established fact."1 - Scientific information taken from natural sources (such as ice cores, rocks, and tree rings) and from modern equipment (like satellites and instruments) all show the signs of a changing climate. [...] Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 800,000 years, there have been eight cycles of ice ages and warmer periods, with the end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives. The current warming trend is different because it is clearly the result of human activities since the mid-1800s, and is proceeding at a rate not seen over many recent millennia.1 It is undeniable that human activities have produced the atmospheric gases that have trapped more of the Sun’s energy in the Earth system. This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-10-05): Nearly all actively publishing climate scientists say humans are causing climate change.[4][5] Surveys of the scientific literature are another way to measure scientific consensus. A 2019 review of scientific papers found the consensus on the cause of climate change to be at 100%,[6] and a 2021 study concluded that over 99% of scientific papers agree on the human cause of climate change.[7] The small percentage of papers that disagreed with the consensus often contained errors or could not be replicated.[8] [...] - ^ Gertz, Emily (10 January 2014). "Infographic: Scientists Who Doubt Human-Caused Climate Change". Popular Science. Retrieved 12 February 2014. [...] - ^ Ramanujan, Krishna. "More than 99.9% of studies agree: Humans caused climate change". Cornell Chronicle. Environmental Research Letters. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-10-08): More than 99.9% of studies agree: Humans caused climate change - Date: [...] - More than 99.9% of peer-reviewed scientific papers agree that climate change is mainly caused by humans, according to a new survey of 88,125 climate-related studies. More than 99.9% of peer-reviewed scientific papers agree that climate change is mainly caused by humans, according to a new survey of 88,125 climate-related studies.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2021-10-28): Despite the overwhelming evidence, it’s still common to see politicians, media commentators or social media users cast doubt on the role of humans in driving climate change. [...] The 2013 study examined 11,944 climate research papers and found almost one-third of them expressed a position on the cause of global warming. Of these 4,014 papers, 97% endorsed the consensus position that humans are the cause, 1% were uncertain, and 2% explicitly rejected it. [...] In reaching this conclusion, it is important to distinguish between changes caused by human activities altering the atmosphere’s chemistry, and climate variability caused by natural factors.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2023-08-09): Nationally representative Pew Research Center surveys show that fewer than half of all Americans reject that humans are major contributors to climate change or say addressing the issue is not too important for the country. Even smaller shares take the most skeptical views and say the Earth is not warming at all and that no action should be taken. [...] - Climate change is seen as part of Earth’s natural cycles and humans play a small role. Most of the 32 interviewees were in agreement that the Earth’s climate is changing, but they typically explained these changes as part of natural patterns over time, with humans described as having little control over these changes. Two interviewees expressed extreme skepticism, calling climate change a "hoax." [...] Analyses of scientific publications show widespread agreement among climate scientists that human activity is the primary cause of climate change. Yet some interviewees said they wanted to hear from a variety of scientists to be able to get a balanced view of multiple opinions within the scientific community.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2017-02-17): So, when people talk about climate change today, they mean anthropogenic (human-made) climate change. This is the warming of Earth’s average temperature as a result of human activity, such as burning coal, oil and gas to produce energy to fuel our homes and transport, and cutting down trees to produce the food we eat. You can read more about it here: How do we know climate change is real? [...] Human-induced climate change is something that has been happening for many years and Western countries, like the UK, have played a big role in contributing to carbon emissions over the past 200 years. This means that only looking at who the biggest emitters of greenhouse gases are today is an oversimplification of a very nuanced topic. [...] We’re already seeing the devastating effects of climate change on global food supplies, migration, conflict, disease and global instability, which will only get worse if we don’t act now. Human-made climate change is the biggest crisis of our time. It threatens the future of the planet that we depend on for our survival and we're the last generation that can do something about it.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2020-12-16): In fact, our consumer habits are actually driving climate change. A 2015 study found that the production and use of household goods and services was responsible for 60 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Not surprisingly, wealthy countries have the most per capita impact. A new U.N. report found that the richest one percent of the global population emit more than twice the amount than the poorest 50 percent; moreover, the wealthier people become, the more energy they use. A typical American’s yearly carbon emissions are five times that of the world’s average person. In 2009, U.S. consumers with more than $100,000 in yearly household income made up 22.3 percent of the population, yet produced almost one-third of all U.S. households’ total carbon emissions. [...] After basic needs are met, consumers begin buying items for social status; as people try to acquire more and more status, more and more expensive status products are needed. Producing all these things generates climate-changing greenhouse gas emissions. And in fact, across its life cycle, the average product results in carbon emissions of 6.3 times its own weight, according to a study done by Christoph Meinrenken, associate research scientist at the Earth Institute’s Research Program on Sustainability Policy and Management.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2022-01-31): During a recent congressional hearing, Rick Perry, the US energy secretary, remarked that "to stand up and say that 100% of global warming is because of human activity, I think on its face, is just indefensible". However, the science on the human contribution to modern warming is quite clear. Humans emissions and activities have caused around 100% of the warming observed since 1950, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) fifth assessment report. [...] In its 2013 fifth assessment report, the IPCC stated in its summary for policymakers that it is "extremely likely that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature" from 1951 to 2010 was caused by human activity. By "extremely likely", it meant that there was between a 95% and 100% probability that more than half of modern warming was due to humans.
Claim: The idea that 'climate change' is new or is caused by Humans is nonsense. (Anonymous, 2020-01-13)
Evidence (2024-01-18): Human activities, principally through emissions of greenhouse gases, have unequivocally caused global warming, with global surface temperature reaching 1.1°C above 1850-1900 in 2011-2020. [...] The likely range of total human-caused global surface temperature increase from 1850–1900 to 2010–2019 is 0.8°C to 1.3°C, with a best estimate of 1.07°C [2.01 ˚F]. Over this period, it is likely that well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributed a warming of 1.0°C to 2.0°C, and other human drivers (principally aerosols) contributed a cooling of 0.0°C to 0.8°C, natural (solar and volcanic) drivers changed global surface temperature by –0.1°C to +0.1°C, and internal variability changed it by –0.2°C to +0.2°C. The amount of future warming Earth will experience depends on how much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases we emit in coming decades. Today, our activities—burning fossil fuels and to a lesser extent clearing forests—add about 11 billion metric tons of carbon (equivalent to a little over 40 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide) to the atmosphere each year. Because that is more carbon than natural processes can remove, atmospheric carbon dioxide amounts increase each year.