copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-08-16): Kuwait had a history of conflict along the border while it was a British protectorate with a notable example being from 1920 to 1921 when Kuwait and Najd were at war. One of the most influential people in determining the boundaries of Kuwait was Percy Cox who in his capacity as the high commissioner of Baghdad put in place the Uqair Protocol of 1922 to identify the boundaries around Kuwait as well as reduce the Bedouin raids into the territory of Kuwait. Kuwait's land boundary extends for about 295 miles and is shared with two nations of Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The borders of Kuwait have been subject of several controversies as both neighboring nations believed that they had a right to rule over Kuwait. [...] Saudi Arabia was one of the nations that rose to aid Kuwait in 1990 after forces from Iraq invaded Kuwait. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait work together in some international organizations such as the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries as well as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf. Despite the cooperation between the two nations, a few issues remain such as the ownership of a couple of islands, for example, Umm al Maradim. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait maintain close diplomatic ties with Saudi Arabia having an embassy in Kuwait's capital; the government of Kuwait is represented by an embassy located in Riyadh as well as a consulate in Jeddah.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Spc. Terriean Lakes, a U.S. Army Central Soldier with the 368th Engineer Battalion, picks up trash during a beach cleanup hosted by Kuwaiti volunteers Oct. 15, 2016 at Umm al Maradim Island, Kuwait. The project allowed five USARCENT Soldiers support the environment and spend time with their host nation. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Angela Lorden)
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The nine islands pertaining to State of Kuwait are: Failaka Island, Bubiyan Island, Miskan Island, Warbah Island, Auhah Island, Umm al Maradim Island, Umm an Namil Island, Kubbar Island and Qaruh Island. [...] Umm Al Maradim Island Last Kuwaiti island from the south. It gained its name from the "Maradim" birds that are found in great numbers on this island. Contrary to most of the other islands, ships can safely and directly anchor on its coasts due to the great depth of the sea surrounding the island. This island is located in the southern tip of the Kuwait maritime borders with the Saudi Arabia. Its length reaches 1.5 kilometers in the east and west and its width, 540 meters. It has an oval shape with a protruding armlet.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-01): Kuwait: Complete update of Kuwait's protected areas by the Kuwait Environment Public Authority. First update since 2016. Update includes 5 new protected areas, Al-Judailiyat Natural Reserve, Al-Nuwaiseeb Natural Reserve, Faidat Alsidr Fenced Area, Troob Protected Area and Saad Extension Protected Area. Sulaibikhat Gulf Beach (Al-Doha) Natural Reserve (North & South) has been split into two seperate protected areas. The boundaries of the Umm Al-Maradim Island, Qaruh Island and Kubber Island have been updated.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-04-05): - Al-Enezi, E.; Al-Ghadban, A.N.; Al-Refai, I.; Pieretti, N.; Frontalini, F. Living benthic foraminifera around the unique Umm al Maradim Island (Kuwait). Kuwait J. Sci. 2019, 46, 59–66. [Google Scholar] [...] - Al-Enezi, E.H. Environmental Factors Controlling the Distribution of Foraminifera in the Umm Al-Maradem Island and Khor Iskandar Southern Part of Kuwait. Master’s Thesis, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait, 2002. [Google Scholar] [...] - Al-Enezi, E.; Al-Hazeem, S. Benthic Foraminifera as Proxies for the Environmental Quality Assessment of the Kuwait Bay: Morphological and Environmental DNA Approaches; Technical report KISR No. EM084C; Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research: Safat, Kuwait, 2019. [Google Scholar]
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-01): Kuwait has a hyper arid desert climate that is highly variable with recurrent extremes. The climate is marked by four distinct seasons, with long, hot and dry summers and short winters. Maximum daily temperatures can reach 45°C during summer in which there is no rainfall. Rainfall is concentrated in the winter and spring months. Rainfall totals are highly variable from year to year, and drought is a recurrent phenomenon. The average annual rainfall is typically approximately 112 millimeters (mm) per year and varies from 75 to 150 mm/yr. The annual recorded rainfall levels at Kuwait International Airport have been as low as 34.4 mm and as high as 218 mm, while a level of 319.5 mm was recorded in Umm Al-Maradim Island in October 2013.
Claim: Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait (Umm al Maradim, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-18): The total area of the State of Kuwait is 17,818 sq km. Most of the mainland is a flat sandy desert gradually sloping towards sea level in the east. It is broken by shallow depressions and low hills, which form a ridge at Jal Al-Zor (145 metres above sea level), cut by the Umm Al-Ramam Wadi. The area is locally known as Ghodai, meaning a hill. The southern part of Kuwait is generally flat, with the exception of Ahmadi hill which is 137 metres above sea level. [...] An Amiri Decree issued on December 17, 1967, defined the boundaries of Kuwait’s territorial waters as 12 miles — for both the mainland and islands. It also regarded the Bay of Kuwait as purely inland waters, with the limits of territorial waters starting at the line between the two headlands of the little Gulf. [...] There are nine islands off the coast of Kuwait: Failaka, Bubiyan, Miskan, Warba, Auhha, Umm Al-Maradim, Umm Al-Naml, Kubbar and Qaruh.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Sabah (Malay pronunciation: [ˈsabah]) is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalimantan province to the south. The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off Sabah's west coast. Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the state capital and the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sabah State government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. The 2020 census recorded a population of 3,418,785 in the state.[11] It has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests, abundant with animal and plant species. The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which forms part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River, the second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah. The highest point of Sabah, Mount Kinabalu is also the highest point of Malaysia. [...] Prior to the formation of Malaysia in 1963, the then North Borneo interim government submitted a 20-point agreement to the Malayan government as conditions before North Borneo would join the federation. Subsequently, North Borneo legislative assembly agreed on the formation of Malaysia on the conditions that North Borneo's rights would be safeguarded. North Borneo then entered Malaysia as an autonomous state with autonomous laws in immigration control and Native Customary Rights (NCR), and the territory name was changed to "Sabah".
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-02-24): Sabah is the easternmost state of Malaysia. It is at the northern tip of Borneo Island and one of the two Malaysian states on the island. The other state and the largest in the country is Sarawak, which is on the southwest of Sabah. To the south, it shares border with Indonesia. [...] Since Sabah is part of the Borneo Island, its history is entwined with that of Malaysia and Brunei. However, the earliest record of organised civilisation in Sabah is that from the Sultanate of Brunei and dates back to the 15th century. Prior to the establishment of the sultanate, tribal societies existed. Though they reduced in numbers and size, they thrived even in early 20th century. Sultan of Brunei granted eastern part of the state to Sultan of Sulu, who had allied with him against certain enemies of Brunei. However, there are studies that claim that no part of the state was given up by Sultan of Brunei. British infiltration in the region started in late 19th century, when both Sultans granted their territories to the foreign syndicate. It did not take long for Sabah to become a brown colony from being protectorate of the UK in 1888. Sabah was called as North Borneo until then. It merged with Singapore, Sarawak and Malaya to form Federation of Malaysia.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Malaysia, a member of the Commonwealth, represents the political marriage of territories that were formerly under British rule. When it was established on September 16, 1963, Malaysia comprised the territories of Malaya (now Peninsular Malaysia), the island of Singapore, and the colonies of Sarawak and Sabah in northern Borneo. In August 1965 Singapore seceded from the federation and became an independent republic. Peninsular Malaysia occupies most of the southern segment of the Malay Peninsula. To the north it is bordered by Thailand, with which it shares a land boundary of some 300 miles (480 km). To the south, at the tip of the peninsula, is the island republic of Singapore, with which Malaysia is connected by a causeway and also by a separate bridge. To the southwest, across the Strait of Malacca, is the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. East Malaysia consists of the country’s two largest states, Sarawak and Sabah, and is separated from Peninsular Malaysia by some 400 miles (640 km) of the South China Sea. These two states occupy roughly the northern fourth of the large island of Borneo and share a land boundary with the Indonesian portion (Kalimantan) of the island to the south. Surrounded by Sarawak is a small coastal enclave containing the sultanate of Brunei. Of the country’s total area, which includes about 265 square miles (690 square km) of inland water, Peninsular Malaysia constitutes about 40 percent and East Malaysia about 60 percent.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-29): TOKYO -- A 60-year-old dispute over the sovereignty of Sabah, Malaysia's second largest state, has recently reignited, creating tensions between Kuala Lumpur and Manila and adding a further complication to the many sovereignty issues in the South China Sea. It began as a diplomatic spat on Twitter. "Sabah is not in Malaysia," Philippine Foreign Secretary Teodoro Locsin, Jr. tweeted in July, replying to a message by the U.S. Embassy in Manila about donations to Filipinos repatriated from Sabah.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-07-03): Who is right in the territorial dispute between the Philippines and Malaysia over Sabah is a question best not asked. In answer, each side will reaffirm their absolute sovereign claim to Sabah, on the northern part of the island of Borneo, and mutual recriminations will result. [...] During the 2016 Philippine presidential campaign, one prominent candidate, Jejomar Binay (who ended up losing badly) promised to pursue the Philippine claim to Sabah. As expected, Kuala Lumpur was far from pleased. [...] Last weekend, the Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs strongly criticised repeated comments by "Nene" Pimentel Jr that Sabah should be recognised as a federal state of the Philippines. Pimentel is a senior member of the consultative committee in the Philippines appointed by Duterte that wrote the draft federal constitution now tabled in Congress, and founder of the ruling PDP-Laban party. Duterte is the party chairman.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-02-02): Sabah, located in the northern half of the island of Borneo has been at the centre of a diplomatic row between Malaysia and the Philippines – which claims much of its eastern half – since the early 1960s. Currently, Sabah remains under the sovereignty of Malaysia and the matter has laid dormant for many years. [...] When World War 2 ended, Sabah was handed over to the British government and made a crown colony. Sabah gained independence in 1963 when in a referendum, its people overwhelmingly voted in favour of joining the Federation of Malaysia. [...] In a post-colonial era, the right to self-determination should be made a priority in view of such territorial disputes that involve large swathes of the population. The people of Sabah for all these years have identified themselves as Malaysians and an overnight citizenship change could likely ruffle the feathers of the patriotic among them.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-14): Northeastern Borneo, the territory that is now Sabah, was the last area to be brought under British control. In the early 1700s Brunei transferred its claims over much of the region to the sultan of Sulu, who ruled from the Sulu Archipelago (now part of the Philippines) to the east. Except in the far northeast, actual Sulu power remained limited. Occasional local resistance to Brunei or Sulu influence, as well as extensive coastal raiding and confusion of suzerainty, invited Western interest beginning in the 18th century. Despite short-lived American activity in the 1860s, British power proved most decisive. By 1846 the British had already acquired the offshore island of Labuan from Brunei. They gained a toehold in northeastern Borneo proper in 1872, when British merchant William Cowie founded an east-coast settlement at Sandakan, on lease from Sulu. Having obtained rights to much of the territory by 1881, the British launched the British North Borneo Company, which, based in Sandakan, ruled the British protectorate—as North Borneo—until 1941.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-25): That year, Britain agreed to relinquish control of most of its remaining colonies in Southeast Asia — Singapore, North Borneo (now called Sabah) and Sarawak. They then joined with Malaya, which had gained independence from Britain in 1957, to form a new nation called Federation of Malaysia. [...] In a nutshell, most people in Sabah and Sarawak (also known as East Malaysia) are unhappy with federation because they think it has not delivered on two main promises made in 1962 — high levels of autonomy and economic development. [...] In terms of economic development, Sabah remains one of the poorest states in Malaysia. And the infrastructure in both Sabah and Sarawak is vastly underdeveloped compared to the west of Malaysia.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-12): "It was also a victory for everyone. With the amendment of Article 1(2) and Article 160(2) of the MA63, it will become entrenched in the Federal Constitution and be the basic reference of the rights of the Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak in the Malaysian Federation." – Datuk Seri Dr Maximus Ongkili, Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department (Sabah and Sarawak Affairs) OK, so let’s just start by saying that it doesn’t mean Sabah and Sarawak are no longer a part of Malaysia! But to understand why they don’t just want to be recognised as ‘states’, we need to go back to 1963 when the Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63) happened. [...] This would also mean that Sabah and Sarawak cannot be lose their status as founding members of Malaysia if any of the signatories disagreed with it. Waitamin, does that mean Sabah and Sarawak agreed to this?!
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Situated on the beautiful island of Borneo, Sabah is one of the thirteen states which Malaysia is made of. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and shares the island of Borneo with Sarawak, Brunei, and Indonesian Kalimantan. [...] Once known as North Borneo, Sabah was under the British colony during the late 19th century till the early 20th century. Sabah gained self-government on the 31st of August, 1963. Sabah, together with Malaya, Singapore and Sarawak formed the Federation of Malaysia on the 16th of September 1963. [...] Sabah Malaysia My 2nd Home (SMM2H)
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-11): East Malaysia (Malay: Malaysia Timur), or the Borneo States,[1] also known as Malaysian Borneo, is the part of Malaysia on and near the island of Borneo, the world's third-largest island. East Malaysia comprises the states of Sabah, Sarawak, and the Federal Territory of Labuan. The small independent nation of Brunei comprises two enclaves in Sarawak. To the south and southeast is the Indonesian portion of Borneo, Kalimantan.[2] East Malaysia lies to the east of Peninsular Malaysia (also known as the States of Malaya), the part of the country on the Malay Peninsula. The two are separated by the South China Sea.[3][4] [...] Federation [edit]Sabah (formerly British North Borneo) and Sarawak were separate British colonies from Malaya, and did not become part of the Federation of Malaya in 1957. Later on however, the then Federation merged with the self-governing State of Singapore and the British Colonies of North Borneo (now known as Sabah) and Sarawak under the Malaysia Agreement as the States of Malaya, the Borneo States of Sabah and Sarawak, and the State of Singapore of the new Federation called Malaysia on 16 September 1963, now known as Malaysia Day. Singapore left the Federation two years later in 1965 after being expelled[11] by then the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman. Previously, there were efforts to unite Brunei, Sabah, and Sarawak under the North Borneo Federation but that failed after the Brunei Revolt occurred.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-29): The earliest recorded history of Sabah being part of any organised civilisation began in the early 15th century during the thriving era of the Sultanate of Brunei.[1] Prior to this, early inhabitants of the land lived in predominantly tribal societies, although such tribal societies had continued to exist until the 1900s.[2] The eastern part of Sabah was ceded to the Sultan of Sulu by the Sultan of Brunei in 1658 for the former helping a victory over Brunei enemies, but many sources stated it had not been ceded at all.[3] By the late 19th century, both territories previously owned by Sultan of Brunei and Sultan of Sulu was granted to British syndicate and later emerged as British North Borneo under the management of the North Borneo Chartered Company.[4] Sabah became a protectorate of the United Kingdom in 1888 and subsequently became a Crown colony from 1946 until 1963, during which time it was known as Crown Colony of North Borneo. On 16 September 1963, Sabah merged with Malaya, Sarawak and Singapore (left in 1965) to form Malaysia.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-15): Sabah is a state in Malaysia. It makes up Malaysian Borneo along with the state of Sarawak, and the Labuan Federal Territory. [...] On September 16, 1963, North Borneo together with Malaya, Sarawak and Singapore formed the Federation of Malaysia and from then on it became known as Sabah. This was opposed by Indonesia and the Philippines, both of whom claimed Sabah as their own territory, with President Sukarno of Indonesia launching a policy known as konfrontasi in which the Indonesian government sponsored terrorist attacks in Malaysia. Sukarno was overthrown by Suharto in 1968, who ended konfrontasi and abandoned Indonesia's claims to Sabah, and peace has held ever since. The Philippines still claims Sabah, but is not pursuing its claim. Culture [edit]Sabah is one of the most culturally diverse states in Malaysia. Sabah's population in 2017 is more than 3 million, including immigrants whose numbers are not always recorded. There is a mixture of native groups, Chinese, Indians, Europeans and Asians. The main native groups are today the Kadazandusun, Murut, Bajau, Suluk, Bisaya and Orang Sungai, though there are at least 33 native groups in total, speaking 50 languages and 80 dialects. Most of the Chinese who migrated to the state during the 19th and early 20th centuries under British rule belong to the Hakka dialect group, although there are also large numbers of Cantonese, especially in Sandakan. There are also many Filipino and Indonesian immigrants many of whom entered Sabah illegally and later became naturalised under a controversial state policy.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): The North Borneo dispute, also known as the Sabah dispute, is the territorial dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines over much of the eastern part of the state of Sabah. Sabah was previously known as North Borneo prior to the formation of the Malaysian federation.[2] [...] This is an irresponsible statement that affects bilateral ties. @MalaysiaMFA will summon the Philippines Ambassador on Monday to explain. Sabah is, and will always be, part of Malaysia. [...] - ^ Hishammuddin Hussein [@HishammuddinH2O] (29 July 2020). "This is an irresponsible statement that affects bilateral ties. @MalaysiaMFA will summon the Philippines Ambassador on Monday to explain. Sabah is, and will always be, part of Malaysia" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Malaysia. [...] Eastern Area of Sabah State – Level 2: Exercise Increased Caution [...] The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in eastern Sabah as U.S. government employees must obtain special authorization to travel to parts of eastern Sabah.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-01-19): - Effective Jan. 3, the state of Sabah in Malaysian Borneo has ended a ban on exporting unprocessed logs. [...] Activists in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, say they fear logging will ramp up following the state government’s decision to overturn a ban on exporting unprocessed timber. [...] Banner image: A pair of proboscis monkeys in Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Image by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.
Claim: Sabah is a territory of Malaysia (Sabah, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-02-26): The leader of the rebel unit is the brother of Jamalul Kiram III, one of the two main claimants to the title of Sultan of Sulu. Back in the 17th century, before the Philippines existed in its present form, the two principle sultanates in the region were Sulu and Brunei. In 1658, the Sultan of Brunei for some reason gave Sabah to the Sultanate of Sulu, which today is considered part of the Philippines. However, the picture is further complicated by an 1878 deal between the Sultanate of Sulu and the British North Borneo Company, in which Sabah was leased to the Europeans on a rolling contract. To this day, the Malaysian government pays a token sum, equivalent to around $1,500, to the Philippines every year in recognition of this continuing arrangement. The Royal Army of Sulu interprets this deal as a lease that can be canceled, while Malaysia believes that it represents the permanent transfer of the territory.