copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe. (Martin Reilly, 2021-04-29)
Evidence (2016-06-23): The U.K. should look to the Netherlands as a model of success. The U.K. currently provides thirty hours of free childcare per week for thirty-eight weeks each year for low-income parents.323 If it wants to grow its economy through increased female labor force participation, it should consider emulating the Dutch model, where childcare costs are split between parents, employers, and the government.324 Dutch female labor force participation is 75.8%, which is among the highest in the Western world.325 The U.K. may be able to attain labor force participation levels such as this by alleviating the childcare burdens placed on British women. Moreover, the U.K. can learn from the Netherlands’ protection of part-time workers. The Adjustment of Working Hours Act grants part-time workers all the rights enjoyed by their full-time counterparts.326 Because U.K. women are three times more likely to be part-time workers than their male counterparts, bolstering these rights will directly improve their quality of life.327
Claim: The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe. (Martin Reilly, 2021-04-29)
Evidence (2024-02-07): Staff shortages also vary considerably by region, with the highest percentage of full-time equivalent vacancies in London (11.6%) and the lowest in the South West (6.7%). Previous analysis suggests practices that reported data in more deprived areas of England have fewer GPs per person on their list than those in less deprived areas. England also now appears to have the lowest level of GP staffing of any of the four UK countries. Although there are attempts to improve equity in GP supply across the country, 19 these initiatives must be able to constantly identify and monitor areas with the greatest patient need.
Claim: The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe. (Martin Reilly, 2021-04-29)
Evidence (2020-02-27): "These conditions may be determined in proportion to hours of work, contributions or earnings." (Article 6). It extends this proportional parity in pay norm to statutory social security schemes that are based on occupational activity, "so that part-time workers enjoy conditions equivalent to those of comparable full-time workers" (Article 6). Finally, it promotes that measures be taken to ensure that part-time workers receive conditions equivalent to those of comparable full-time workers for maternity leave, paid annual leave, paid public holidays, and sick leave—provided in proportion to hours of work or earnings (Article 7). The Netherlands (where 75% of women employed work fewer than 35 hours per week) has been at the forefront of creating pro-rata equivalence for part-time workers, particularly regarding salary levels and, where reasonable, also for employee benefits (Visser et al. 2004). In the United States, San Francisco’s Formula Retail Employee Rights Ordinances have such parity for part-time workers (San Francisco Office of Labor Standards Enforcement 2020, see Section 3300G.5 ). [...] Manning, Alan, and Barbara Petrongolo. 2008. "The Part‐Time Pay Penalty for Women in Britain." Economic Journal 118, no. 526: F28–F51.
Claim: The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe. (Martin Reilly, 2021-04-29)
Evidence (2020-05-16): Seven Member States (CY, EL, IE, MT, ES, NL, UK) provide unpaid parental leave, and in the remaining 21 Member States it is (at least partially) paid. The total amount of remuneration varies considerably, with every country setting a ceiling. Although a high level of pay is linked to a greater leave uptake by all parents, particularly by fathers (Lapuerta, Baizán, & González, 2011; Pull & Vogt, 2010; Ray, Gornick, & Schmitt, 2010), there are also many sociocultural factors that can discourage fathers’ uptake of parental leave regardless of the type of family leave provided. This includes gender stereotypes and roles that lead to gendered expectations and workplace practices and policies.
Claim: The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe. (Martin Reilly, 2021-04-29)
Evidence (2019-06-12): Produced by UNICEF’s Office of Research – Innocenti the report ranks countries across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and European Union (EU) based on their national family-friendly policies. These policies include the duration of parental leave at full pay equivalent, and childcare services for children aged between 0-6 years old. [...] Taking a closer look at parental leave at full pay equivalent in 41 countries, Are the world’s richest countries family friendly? Policy in the OECD and EU notes that only half of countries offer at least six months of leave at full pay for mothers. [...] The report uses 2016 data from the OECD and Eurostat to highlight the availability of paid leave for mothers and fathers at full-rate equivalent, and childcare enrollment for children under 3 and aged between 3 and school age.
Claim: The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe. (Martin Reilly, 2021-04-29)
Evidence (2015-07-24): 9 This is an alternative to the full rate equivalent used by the OECD (2012). Across countries there is substantial variation in the duration and generosity of maternity leave and so, in order to make policies comparable across countries, the OECD calculates the duration of the full-time equivalent of the leave period if paid at 100% of an employee’s last earnings. This is the Full Rate Equivalent (FRE). The average duration of FRE in the OECD is 12.8 weeks. While mothers across Scandinavia enjoy almost 40 weeks of FRE maternity leave, in the US mothers are not entitled to any paid leave.
Claim: The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe. (Martin Reilly, 2021-04-29)
Evidence (2022-02-14): This paper extends the UK studies examining costs in a number of ways. It combines all the parameters of a fully universal full-time high-quality system for all pre-school children, that is increasing free provision as well as pay and qualifications. It also adds essential dimensions to understand the fuller short-term economic effects, based on the findings in other countries. The paper extends the method developed for Turkey, firstly by looking at the wider employment effects, i.e. not just indirect but also induced employment creation in the wider economy and, secondly, by estimating fiscal revenue generated, not just from income and expenditure taxes but also from interactions with the means-tested benefit system, using a reputable tax-benefits microsimulation tool for the UK, the UKMOD tool. It also provides estimations of longitudinal fiscal revenues stemming from increased earnings of mothers over time, following the findings of persistent employment effects of universal childcare policies in Norway and Quebec (Andresen & Havnes, 2018; Lefebvre et al., 2009). Unlike these studies which examined a natural experiment of a policy that had taken place, this paper focuses on appraising potential effects of government childcare policy by modelling various scenarios of take-up and pay rises. [...] The choice of starting the provision at six months implies a shorter maternity leave than currently available in the UK, more in line with other western European countries but still above the EU minimum of 14 weeks. [...] Full-time equivalent - GDP:
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2021-01-06): Data shows that there have been no motorcyclists of Sammy Wilson MP’s age who have died as a result of a motorcycle collision in Northern Ireland, in the past three years. In 2020, there were 157 deaths registered related to COVID-19, of men aged 65–74. At the time of this claim, the probability of being infected by COVID-19 in Northern Ireland was an estimated 1 in 200 (now thought to be 1 in 60).
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2022-03-23): Data shows that there have been no motorcyclists of Sammy Wilson MP’s age who have died as a result of a motorcycle collision in Northern Ireland, in the past three years. In 2020, there were 157 deaths registered related to COVID-19, of men aged 65–74. At the time of this claim, the probability of being infected by COVID-19 in Northern Ireland was an estimated 1 in 200 (now thought to be 1 in 60). [...] At my age … I’m more in danger of being killed on a motorbike than I am of being affected by this virus. [...] For those motorcyclists in the 65–74 age band, such as Sammy Wilson MP, data shows that there have been no deaths by motorcycle in the past three years. However, for men his age in Northern Ireland, there were 157 COVID-19 related registered deaths, equating to a probability of 1 in 528.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2018-01-01): The aging motorcyclist: a comparative epidemiologic study on pattern and severity of injury - PMID: 22743387 - DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31824acc08 The aging motorcyclist: a comparative epidemiologic study on pattern and severity of injury [...] Conclusions: Advanced age demonstrated correlation with prolonged hospital stay and requirement of more aggressive medical care. An increased risk of mortality was demonstrated for the older motorcyclist. However, age alone did not affect the severity or distribution of orthopedic injuries in this study. As the motorcycle riding population ages, it is important to understand the injuries and hospital course of these patients, along with the increased mortality rates and health care expenditure burden which can be expected.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2022-05-11): Motorcyclists are more vulnerable on the road and are more likely to be injured or killed than car occupants, with a 2019 data comparison showing 29 times more fatalities. Data from that year also indicates that older riders appear to sustain more serious injuries than younger riders, as riders over 50 account for 37 percent of all deaths.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2024-07-25): Motorcyclists experience a higher rate of hitting a fixed object, due to factors such as easy maneuverability that allows a motorcyclist to get into places a car simply can’t. This translates to higher rates of collision. [...] Motorcyclists will typically suffer more severe, life-threatening injuries than victims of a car accident. Motorcyclists don’t have safety measures such as airbags and seat belts to protect them during an accident and are often ejected from their bikes. [...] Riding a motorcycle is more dangerous than driving a passenger vehicle. Data from industry leaders and governing officials like the NHTSA highlight that fatalities in a motorcycle accident are nearly 30 times higher than in an accident involving a passenger vehicle. National data highlights the dangers that exist when driving a motorcycle. The odds of dying in a motorcycle accident versus a car accident are higher because of these greater safety risks.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Thirty-seven percent of motorcyclist deaths in 2022 occurred in single-vehicle crashes, and 63% occurred in multiple-vehicle crashes. [...] Forty-six percent of motorcyclist deaths in 2022 occurred on weekends, and those deaths were more likely to occur after 6 p.m. compared with weekdays. Fifty-six percent of motorcyclist deaths in 2022 occurred on major roads other than interstates and freeways. Deaths were more likely to occur in urban than rural areas (66% vs. 34%).
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2023-01-05): Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are responsible for more than 1.3 million deaths worldwide, which makes them the 8th most prevalent cause of mortality among the total population and the first cause among children and adults aged 5–29 years [1]. Motorcycle riders constitute 28% of these deaths worldwide; however, this statistic varies considerably between different World Health Organization (WHO) regions. For instance, in the South-East Asia region, 43% of road traffic deaths are among motorcycle riders, and this proportion is 36% for the Western Pacific region and 23% for the Americas region [2]. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) statement, the establishment of a universal helmet law is the single most effective strategy to tackle the issue of motorcyclists’ deaths and associated costs [3]. Wearing a motorcycle helmet can alleviate the risk of death and head injuries by approximately 42% and 69%, respectively [4].
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2023-01-19): Explanation: Data shows that there have been no motorcyclists aged over 65 who have died as a result of a motorcycle collision in Northern Ireland, in the past three years.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2020-03-10): Motorcyclists represent a significant percentage of road traffic victims worldwide and have a greater risk of injury-related death than car occupants [1, 2]. Despite the burden of injuries associated with motorcycle incidents, few comprehensive studies have been conducted to examine the outcome of these patients according to age and site of injuries. Identifying high-risk injury patterns and common clusters of ages may allow for targeted interventions leading to improved care [3, 4]. [...] Motorcyclists represent a quarter of road deaths in the world and a consistent part of all traffic victims. The number of motorcyclists suffering from road trauma is growing due to the rapid global expansion of the motorcycle market. The use of motorcycles is expanding also in older ages for enhanced mobility in heavy-traffic urban areas. Some evidences suggest that age is generally an important predictor of mortality related to traumatic events [16, 17]. Our data demonstrate that older patients had an increased mortality for severe injuries. Head, chest, abdominal, and pelvic injuries were all independent predictors of death; severe head injuries occurred more frequently in younger patients, while chest injuries were more common in older patients.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2013-02-07): Older motorcycle riders are up to three times as likely to be seriously injured in a crash as young adults, according to new research from Brown University in the US. [...] While the study did not indicate the types of motorcycles involved in crashes or circumstances surrounding the crashes, the authors of the study said that previous research suggests older adults are more likely to purchase motorcycles with large engines than young adults are. [...] "As well as the need to think about additional strategies to decrease fatal instances in older motorists, we could also look at improving roads, riding conditions and road behaviour."
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2020-08-05): Aging Motorcyclists Hit the Road, But at Greater Risk of Injury, Death Motorcycle riders across the country are growing older, and the impact of this trend is evident in emergency rooms daily. Doctors are finding that these aging road warriors are more likely to be injured or die as a result of a motorcycle mishap compared to their younger counterparts. [...] Motorcycle crashes are a significant cause of injury and death on our nation’s roadways, despite the fact that motorcycles are responsible for only a small fraction of the total miles traveled annually in the United States. The authors say that the study provides justification for expanding the scope of motorcycle safety research, education and training initiatives to specifically target the older motorcyclist.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2021-02-01): The effect of motorcyclists' age on injury severities in single-motorcycle crashes with unobserved heterogeneity - PMID: 34092302 - DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.010 The effect of motorcyclists' age on injury severities in single-motorcycle crashes with unobserved heterogeneity Introduction: Due to the myriad of unique characteristics associated with motorcycle operation, motorcycle safety is a public health concern as complex as it is serious. National crash data suggest motorcyclists are 28 times more likely to be killed when compared to passenger car occupants. In the state of Florida, motorcycle crashes are 1.5 times more likely to result in the death of the rider, placing Florida among the top deadliest states for motorcyclists in the nation. Using police-reported data from 2016, this study addresses the complex and interconnected nature of the many characteristics associated with motorcycle operation by investigating the effect of age on motorcyclists' riding behavior as it relates to injury severity for single-motorcycle crashes in the state of Florida.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2021-09-28): Death is mainly caused by high-energy transfer from the vehicle to the road traffic users during the crash. The mortality of pedestrians and motorcyclists are much higher compared with vehicle occupants in the same setting because the pedestrians and motorcyclists are vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists) compared with the vehicle occupants [112, 113]. The interaction between the road infrastructure, environment, size and speed of a vehicle, behavior of drivers, traffic mobility, congestion, empty lines will explain the differences in mortality between different states and countries [114,115,116]. The reduction of road deaths on rural roads in Spain during lockdown by 62% resulted in a 10% reduction of the number of road deaths among vulnerable road users (from 37% before lockdown to 27% during lockdown) [44]. Similarly, the reduction of death or seriously injured pedestrians (by 24%) and motorcyclists (by 16%) were less compared with passengers (by 38%) in Northern Ireland, UK [51]. In Australia, there was reduction of the number road traffic deaths among pedestrians (by 20%), motorcyclists (by 12%), passengers (by 11%), and drivers (by 5%), but cyclists death increased by 29% during the initial stage of the lockdown compared with the prior three years [49]. [...] Vandoros S, Papailias F. Empty streets, speeding and motor vehicle collisions during Covid-19 lockdowns: evidence from Northern Ireland. medRxiv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.03.21249173.
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2022-12-23): - motorcyclists 65 and older increased 208%. Figure 35: Motorcyclist fatalities by age group in 2011 and 2020 [...] Figure 37: Bicyclist fatalities by age group in 2011 and 2020
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2020-06-01): Deborah A. Coughlin, 67 [...] Silvio A. Berni, 67
Claim: There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19. (Sammy Wilson, 2021-01-06)
Evidence (2024-05-21): In 2022, 350 motorcyclists died in the UK, and 5,618 were seriously injured6. The death rate was 123 per billion miles traveled, much higher than for people in cars6. Motorcyclists are a small part of the traffic but make up a big chunk of those who die in accidents5. Riding a motorcycle is much riskier than driving a car, with at least a 57 times higher chance of dying5. [...] Though motorcycle accidents are most common in London and the Southeast, the risk measurement is key. In 2018, for every mile travelled, a motorcyclist in Great Britain was 52 times more likely to die in a crash than a car user. This big gap shows how at-risk motorcyclists are, no matter where they ride. [...] Motorcyclists face a higher risk of dying in a crash, 50 times more than drivers in cars. This gear is crucial as bikers make up about 21% of all road deaths in the UK.
Claim: 40% of Unionists are happy about a potential trade border in the Irish Sea. (Simon Jenkins, 2019-08-22)
Evidence (2019-08-22): 15.0%: As part of Brexit, there should be a Northern Ireland-only ‘Backstop’ with Northern Ireland more closely aligned with the EU than the rest of the UK 81.0%: As part of Brexit, there should not be a Northern Ireland-only ‘Backstop’ and Northern Ireland should leave the EU on exactly the same terms as the rest of the UK 4.0%: Not sure/Don’t know, but would probably vote 0.0%: Uncertain
Claim: 40% of Unionists are happy about a potential trade border in the Irish Sea. (Simon Jenkins, 2019-08-22)
Evidence (2022-05-10): On 14 January 2022, the DUP published a document, "7 reasons the Irish Sea border must go" highlighting "the impact of the Protocol on Northern Ireland and the wider United Kingdom".
Claim: 40% of Unionists are happy about a potential trade border in the Irish Sea. (Simon Jenkins, 2019-08-22)
Evidence (2022-05-26): The survey suggested 44% of unionists said on balance the protocol was bad for Northern Ireland, with 40% describing it as a "mixed bag".
Claim: 40% of Unionists are happy about a potential trade border in the Irish Sea. (Simon Jenkins, 2019-08-22)
Evidence (2018-09-25): Tánaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) of Ireland and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Simon Coveney criticised May's plan to allow the DUP a veto on a backstop agreement. Speaking on RTE's Marian Finucane show Saturday, he said: "We cannot allow one party in Northern Ireland to veto any proposals." Although assuring that there was "no question of a border down the Irish Sea", Coveney said that "there are practical realities of trade" need to be considered and that a proposal needs to "protect the concerns of both unionists and nationalists, neither of whom want a border re-emerging on the island of Ireland". [...] The DUP are looking to safeguard their union with Britain. European Union’s chief Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier proposed a sea border between Ireland and the UK, which was hailed unacceptable by Foster. Hitting out at Barnier for suggesting a border along the Irish Sea, Foster said that the proposal was "an all-Ireland regulatory scenario" and added that she didn't "think he does understand the wider unionist culture of Northern Ireland".