copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: “New medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use” (Anonymous, 2023-07-11)
Evidence (2009-03-09): Our findings substantially add to the current understanding of the relationship between glucose normalization and outcomes in hyperglycemic patients with AMI and address some of the important knowledge gaps highlighted in the American Heart Association's scientific statement on hyperglycemia and acute coronary syndrome.32 Using unique features of our database, including detailed information about glucose measurements and insulin therapy, and the ability to perform detailed subgroup analyses because of the large sample size, we determined that postadmission glucose normalization is associated with improved survival. In addition, our findings suggest that targeting posttreatment glucose levels of about 80 to 130 mg/dL may represent a reasonable initial strategy in this patient group. Because a causal relationship between glucose normalization and improved survival cannot be established based on the results of our study, testing these potential treatment targets in large properly designed randomized clinical trials is the next logical and necessary step before their implementation in routine clinical practice.
Claim: “New medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use” (Anonymous, 2023-07-11)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Excluding insulin therapy, almost all hypoglycemia in childhood occurs during fasting. Postprandial hypoglycemia is rare in children in the absence of prior gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Management efforts are directed toward the immediate normalization of glucose levels and the identification and treatment of the various causes. (See Treatment and Medications.)
Claim: “New medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use” (Anonymous, 2023-07-11)
Evidence (2024-08-30): Mounjaro is a new medication used to manage blood sugar levels in people who have type 2 diabetes. This medication offers weight loss and cardiovascular benefits, which can also help with insulin resistance. Mounjaro is a relatively new diabetes medication used to help improve blood sugar and A1C levels in people with type 2 diabetes. [...] Mounjaro is a new drug approved for people 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes. It can help improve insulin resistance, as well as aid in weight loss and improve blood sugar and A1C levels.
Claim: “New medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use” (Anonymous, 2023-07-11)
Evidence (2023-07-24): Glucagon tells the liver to break down stored energy. The liver then releases glucose back into the bloodstream to normalize blood sugar levels. [...] In the short term, receiving glucose helps blood sugar levels return to normal.
Claim: “New medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use” (Anonymous, 2023-07-11)
Evidence (2012-07-11): In the 1990s, NIA researcher Dr. Josephine Egan and colleagues teamed with Amylin Pharmaceuticals to begin preclinical testing of exendin-4. By 1999, they reported that a single daily injection of exendin-4 given to diabetic mice was sufficient to normalize blood glucose concentration, with benefits evident by the end of the first week of treatment. Dr. Egan and her collaborators later found that exendin-4 increased insulin production and protected the insulin-producing cells against damage in humans, and that its effects lasted for hours. After further clinical testing, it was deemed to be safe and effective, and it received FDA approval in 2005.
Claim: “New medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use” (Anonymous, 2023-07-11)
Evidence (2024-01-01): - Restoring normal blood glucose concentrations - Stopping or controlling weight loss - Stopping or minimizing signs of increased thirst and urination - Avoiding inappropriately low blood sugar due to treatment (hypoglycemia) These goals are traditionally achieved through a combination of insulin and dietary therapy, though new oral medications may be a good treatment option for some cats. Treatment options should be discussed with the veterinarian based on each individual cat. [...] In 2023, a new class of medications that are administered by mouth once daily was approved for the treatment of feline diabetes,. These medications, known as SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors, lower the concentration of glucose in the blood by increasing the amount excreted through the kidneys. These medications help improve the clinical signs of diabetes by lowering insulin resistance and reducing damage to the pancreas, allowing the cat to produce more of its own insulin. Because these treatments rely on the cat making at least some insulin on its own, it is not appropriate for every patient, and this treatment should be discussed with a veterinarian before starting. SGLT2 inhibitors are approved for treatment of newly-diagnosed diabetic cats who are otherwise healthy and have not been previously treated with any injectable insulin, and studies have shown these medications to be more than 80% effective at improving blood glucose control in appropriate patients.
Claim: “New medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use” (Anonymous, 2023-07-11)
Evidence (2009-01-01): The first step in managing type 2 diabetes is to normalize fasting glucose levels, with weekly or monthly adjustments in the regimen.14 Metformin is a first-line consideration. Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with its use can be minimized by beginning with a low dose and titrating slowly. Additional agents include sulfonylureas, nonsulfonylurea secretagogues, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Any of these agents can be combined with another. Once fasting blood glucose approaches near-normal levels, postprandial glucose is addressed by increasing the dose of the current medications or by adding additional agents. Once maximal benefit is achieved from first-line medications, other agents, such as exenatide (approved for use with metformin or sulfonylureas) and sitagliptin (approved for use with metformin or thiazolidinediones), can be considered.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-07-03): Whooping cough causes the body to produce very thick mucus that can block the airways, which induces violent coughing. This coughing, also called paroxysmal coughing, can be strong enough to break ribs, burst blood vessels, and produce hernias. Other complications associated with whooping cough are bacterial pneumonia, seizures, and brain inflammation. Childhood vaccination helps to prevent diseases that are associated with potentially serious complications leading to disability and death.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-03-07): Factually inaccurate: Studies have found no association between the DTaP vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Childhood vaccination isn’t a risk factor for SIDS. FULL CLAIM: The whooping cough vaccine was never needed because deaths had declined before the vaccine was available; the DTaP vaccine is associated with sudden infant death syndrome An Instagram reel posted in March 2024 suggested that the whooping cough vaccine was never needed, since whooping cough deaths had plummeted before the vaccine was available. It also implied that the DTaP vaccine is dangerous and associated with sudden infant death syndrome.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-10-03): You should not receive a pertussis vaccine if you’re allergic to any ingredient in the vaccine or have had a serious reaction to diphtheria, tetanus, or whooping cough vaccines in the past. Before you receive your whooping cough vaccine, let your healthcare provider know if you: Have had a previous reaction to vaccines Have seizures or other nervous system conditions Have had Guillain-Barre syndrome (an immune system disorder) If you’re not feeling well, it might be a good idea to wait until you're better to get your vaccine. Side Effects Many people have no side effects from the whooping cough vaccine or mild side effects that go away on their own within a few days. Some possible side effects include: Fever Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site Headache Feeling tired Upset stomach, diarrhea, or vomiting Fussiness (in kids) Loss of appetite In very rare cases, the DTaP vaccine has caused high fever, seizures, and excessive crying in children. Other Considerations There are additional reasons to stay up-to-date on your whooping cough vaccinations. Vaccine protection: The whooping cough vaccine doesn't last for life.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2022-01-17): The diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is licensed. This vaccine is an acellular vaccine, which causes fewer side effects than the whole-cell DTP vaccine. The DTaP vaccine eventually replaces the DTP vaccine. In 1996, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) will recommend DTaP in infants.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-07-05): - DTaP: Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough - Tdap: Tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough [...] Whooping cough vaccines work well but protection decreases over time. [...] In studies showing how well the whooping cough component works, Tdap protects against illness in:
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2020-04-19): Yes. Tdap is often used as a booster. Anyone over age 7 who needs diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccines gets Tdap. [...] Both DTaP and Tdap contain vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough, which is also called pertussis. The vaccine names come from the first letter of each disease it protects against. [...] For adults who need protection against tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough, Tdap is used. Even an adult who has never had a tetanus, diphtheria, or whooping cough vaccine gets Tdap.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-09-24): CDC recommends routine DTaP vaccination for all infants and children younger than 7 years old. [...] CDC only recommends Tdap in the immediate postpartum period for women who've never received Tdap, including during - Adolescence - Adulthood - A previous or current pregnancy [...] Immunity to pertussis following Tdap vaccination wanes after a few years. However, there's no recommendation to administer booster doses to maintain protection against pertussis.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2022-10-19): DTaP vaccine is safe and effective, contrary to social media claims [...] The DTaP vaccine has been found to be safe and effective for use in children, and the CDC said the risk of developing a serious adverse reaction after receiving it is rare. [...] Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Vaccines and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), Jan. 7, 2019
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-09-24): Key points - CDC recommends whooping cough (pertussis) vaccination for babies, children, preteens, pregnant women, and adults. [...] There are two types of combination vaccines that protect against whooping cough: DTaP and Tdap. [...] Babies need 3 shots of DTaP to build up high levels of protection against whooping cough. CDC recommends these shots at the following ages:
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-09-30): Controversy in the 1970s–1980s [edit]During the 1970s and 1980s, a controversy erupted related to the question of whether the whole-cell pertussis component caused permanent brain injury in rare cases, called pertussis vaccine encephalopathy. Despite this allegation, doctors recommended the vaccine due to the overwhelming public health benefit, because the claimed rate was very low (one case per 310,000 immunizations, or about 50 cases out of the 15 million immunizations each year in the United States), and the risk of death from the disease was high (pertussis killed thousands of Americans each year before the vaccine was introduced).[27] No studies showed a causal connection, and later studies showed no connection of any type between the DPT vaccine and permanent brain injury. The alleged vaccine-induced brain damage proved to be an unrelated condition, infantile epilepsy.[28] In 1990, the Journal of the American Medical Association called the connection a "myth" and "nonsense".[29] [...] It is plausible that in humans, as in nonhuman primates, asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections in DTaP-immunized persons may result in transmission of B. pertussis to others and may drive pertussis outbreaks.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-05-22): DTaP is a vaccine that helps children younger than age 7 develop immunity against three deadly diseases caused by bacteria: diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis). [...] The DTaP vaccine is a vaccination that prevents infections from diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). It's given to children younger than age 7. As the immunity wears off, the Tdap shot is recommended and given to adolescents at age 11 and is recommended in adults every 10 years (or after 5 years if there is an instance of a dirty wound or burn). The risk of serious side effects from the vaccination is extremely small. [...] DTaP is a vaccine that helps children younger than age 7 develop immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis).
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2020-04-27): The DTaP vaccine is recommended for children under age 7. [...] The DTaP and Tdap vaccines are very safe and effective at preventing diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. But all medications and vaccines can have side effects. [...] The whooping cough vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent infection. Babies are at greatest risk of severe illness and death from this bacterial infection.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2018-11-26): DTaP is a vaccine that protects children from three serious infectious diseases caused by bacteria: diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), and pertussis (aP). [...] The DTaP vaccine is only for use in infants and young children. Pregnant women shouldn’t receive the DTaP vaccine. [...] The DTaP vaccine is given to infants and young children in five doses and protects against three infectious diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Infants should receive their first dose at 2 months of age.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-09-24): Talk about an unwelcome comeback. Reports of whooping cough cases, which have been lower than usual these past few years, are creeping back up to pre-pandemic levels, according to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [...] In the first year after vaccination, Tdap (for tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) prevents the illness in about 7 of 10 people who receive the shot. The vaccine can also help keep you from passing on the virus to other people, including babies and young children, who are at highest risk for complications from an infection, says Gregory Poland, M.D., an infectious disease expert and director of the Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group. That’s why it is crucial for people who have close contact with children younger than 12 months — including parents, grandparents and childcare providers — to get a booster.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2019-04-08): A total of 793 deaths following receipt of DTaP vaccines were reported in VAERS during the study period (CDC, unpublished data, 2016). An autopsy report or other type of medical record was available for 682 (86%) reports and reviewed for cause of death. The most frequent reported cause of death was sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in 338 (49.6%) reports. Other categories of death included asphyxiation (47 [6.8%]); diseases of the respiratory system (44 [6.5%]); diseases of the circulatory system (27 [3.9%]); certain infections or parasitic diseases (27 [3.9%]); diseases of the nervous system (24 [3.5%]); and congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (23 [3.4%]). In 90 (13.2%) death reports, the cause was undetermined and in 62 (9.1%) death reports various other causes were reported (e.g., blunt force trauma). These reported frequencies are similar to those observed with overall U.S. infant mortality data and among recipients of other recommended childhood vaccines (128). Two recent VSD studies do not suggest a causal relation or increased risk for death following vaccination of any type (129,130).
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-02-07): There are concerns, many of which circulate on the Internet, linking some vaccines to multiple sclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and other problems. To date, studies have not shown any connection between vaccines and these conditions. SIDS cases have actually dropped by more than 50% in recent years, while the number of vaccines given yearly continues to rise. [...] The whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine also does not give lifelong immunity, and that may be one reason why outbreaks still happen. Whooping cough isn't a serious problem for older kids and adults, but it can be for infants and young children. Because of this, teens and adults now get a pertussis booster along with the tetanus and diphtheria booster (Tdap) — an important step in controlling this infection, particularly for pregnant women and other adults who will be around newborn babies. [...] And talk with your doctor about which vaccines your kids need. Working together, you can help keep your family healthy.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-01-01): - (on their) Back—Babies should always sleep on their back to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. [...] - Close family and friends who spend time with your baby should ask their doctor for the Tdap immunization to protect your baby from pertussis (also known as whooping cough), the influenza vaccine during flu season, and the COVID-19 vaccine. [...] Always supervise your baby when in the bathtub or when near water.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2015-04-09): Finally, we should use our present vaccines in the best possible way. In many countries, DTwP vaccines are still used and their continued use should be supported. What should be encouraged in these countries is the use of Tdap in pregnant women as this can prevent most pertussis-related deaths in young infants [54, 92]. [...] Heininger U, Kleemann WJ, Cherry JD, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Study Group. A controlled study of the relationship between Bordetella pertussis infections and sudden unexpected deaths among German infants. Pediatrics. 2004;114:e9–15.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2022-02-11): Deaths associated with whooping cough are rare but most commonly occur in infants. That's why it's so important for pregnant women — and other people who will have close contact with an infant — to be vaccinated against whooping cough. [...] In infants — especially those under 6 months of age — complications from whooping cough are more severe and may include: [...] Because infants and toddlers are at greatest risk of complications from whooping cough, they're more likely to need treatment in a hospital. Complications can be life-threatening for infants younger than 6 months old.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2024-05-23): If a student did not receive the Tdap in seventh grade and is currently in eighth grade, does he or she need to get a dose of Tdap? Yes. If a student has not received a dose of Tdap and is in seventh or subsequent grades, he or she needs a dose on or before the start of school. This is an example of a single-dose vaccine and is required on the child's first day of attendance for that school year. [...] Yes. The ACIP schedule recommends the Tdap vaccine be given at age 11-12. This is the ideal and preferred age group for administration of the vaccine. We understand there are times when a 10-year-old who is up to date with vaccination may receive the Tdap dose. Therefore, a 10-year-old who is already up-to-date with vaccinations that intentionally receives Tdap due is considered to have received a valid and accepted dose that may be counted as the seventh grade Tdap dose and does not need to have the vaccine repeated at age 11-12.
Claim: Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome (Jaclyn Simone, 2024-07-03)
Evidence (2018-02-28): All adults should receive one dose of Tdap vaccine if they have not previously received pertussis-containing vaccines in adulthood. In particular, adults who have not previously received pertussis-containing vaccines in adulthood, and who anticipate having regular contact with an infant, should receive a dose of Tdap vaccine, ideally administered at least 2 weeks before contact with the infant. Persons who have had pertussis infection should receive pertussis-containing vaccines as recommended because infection does not confer long term immunity. A Tdap vaccine should be routinely offered to all pregnant women in every pregnancy, irrespective of their immunization history. One dose of Tdap vaccine should ideally be provided between 27 and 32 weeks of gestation. Earlier immunization between 13 and 26 weeks of gestation may also be considered in some situations (e.g. in case of an increased risk of preterm delivery or travel) to allow for longer placental exposure to higher antibody levels and maximization of antibody transfer. While it is preferable that immunization is administered at least 4 weeks before birth to allow optimal transfer of antibodies and direct protection of the infant against pertussis, it should be considered until the end of pregnancy as it has the potential to provide partial protection. [...] All health care and child care workers, regardless of age, should receive a single dose of Tdap vaccine for pertussis protection if this vaccine was not previously administered in adulthood, even if the person is not due for a tetanus and diphtheria booster. Refer to Immunization of Workers in Part 3 for additional general information.