copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-19): Earlier in 2023, China’s Ministry of Natural Resources ordered that new maps must use the former Chinese names of its lost territories in what is now Russia’s Far East. Vladivostok, home to Russia’s Pacific Fleet headquarters, became Haishenwai; Sakhalin Island became Kuyedao. Then in late August, the ministry released a map that showed the disputed Russian territory of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island within China’s borders.
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-23): Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin announced that funding has already been allocated for the construction of a border crossing between Russia and China on Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island in the Khabarovsk Territory. The funds are designated for the construction of the border crossing between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island. During a working visit to Khabarovsk on Monday, the Prime Minister was presented with master plans for Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Khabarovsk. Dmitry Dameshin, the acting governor of the Khabarovsk Territory, while sharing information about these projects, also mentioned plans for joint development of the island with China.
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-04): "Most of the contention seems to be that it claims Indian territory – Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin – as Chinese territory, but it also claims some territory of Russia [Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island], as well as the entirety of the South China Sea and Taiwan," Malcolm Davis, an Indo-Pacific expert at The Australian Strategic Policy Institute in Canberra.
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-07): A new border crossing between Russia and China on Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island in Russia's Khabarovsk Territory should be put into operation in the next three years, Russian Far East and Arctic Development Minister Alexei Chekunkov told Sputnik in an interview. [...] Russia, China to Open Border Crossing on Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island in 3 Years 09:37 GMT 07.06.2024 (Updated: 09:38 GMT 07.06.2024) ST. PETERSBURG (Sputnik) - A new border crossing between Russia and China on Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island in Russia's Khabarovsk Territory should be put into operation in the next three years, Russian Far East and Arctic Development Minister Alexei Chekunkov told Sputnik in an interview.
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-31): China has published a map that appears to revise its territorial borders to lay claim to large swathes of territory owned by its neighbors, including the island of Bolshoy Ussuriysky, part of which is in Russia. [...] As part of that historic agreement, Russia handed over Tarabarov (Yinlong) and part of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, with China agreeing not to claim more territory from Russia. [...] Bolshoy Ussuriysky and the neighboring island of Tarabarov were taken "under protective custody" by Soviet troops in 1929. Both islands remained under Russian control after the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991.
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-01): The map touches on multiple territorial disputes, among them Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island, which sits at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers that separate Russia and China. The island is known as Heixiazi, or Black Bear, in Chinese. [...] "Its settlement was marked by the ratification in 2005 of the Supplementary Agreement on the Russian-Chinese state border on its eastern part, according to which Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island was divided between the parties." "The delimitation and demarcation of our common border has been completed along its entire length (almost 4,300 km [2,670 miles]), including in 2008 on Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island."
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-10-14): Once negotiations were concluded, Tarabarov Island and part of the Abagaitu Islet were relinquished by Russia, and Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island was divided in half. The agreement was ratified in 2005, and it came into effect on October 14, 2008. In both the Russian Federation and the Republic of China, the agreement was unpopular because of the mutual loss of territory. Russian Cossacks protested the division of Bolshoy Ussuriyski Island in 2005. Media outlets in Taiwain and Hong Kong were critical of the agreement, as they felt the islands were Chinese territory forever lost to Russia. Furthermore, Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is still claimed by Taiwan. Despite the unpopularity of the agreement, the Russian Federation and the Republic of China consider the agreement to be a success. The border between the two states is now definitively declared, and economic cooperation in the region has been increased.
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-26): China has a long historical memory of Far Eastern territories being seized by the Russians. In the mid-19th century, at the end of the Opium Wars, the weak Qing dynasty ceded 1.4 million square kilometers of land, including the whole area east of the Ussuri, and north and east of the Amur River to the Pacific Coast, in what was then called Outer Manchuria and now constitutes much of Russia’s Far East. This territory, annexed to the Tsarist Empire in the Aigun (1858) and Beijing (1860) Treaties, was later absorbed by the Soviet Union. By some calculations, the total territory once under Chinese imperial sovereignty that passed to Russian control amounted to almost 6 million square kilometers. [...] Chinese investment interests are focused on two key areas. One is the junction of the Amur (Heilongjiang) and Ussuri rivers, where Bolshoy Ussuriysky (Heixiazi) Island and the Russian city of Khabarovsk (with its population of 620,000) are located. The other is near the mouth of the Tumen River, not far from Russia’s great Pacific port of Vladivostok (population 600,000), where the Chinese border lies just 15 kilometers away from the Sea of Japan. In both of these strategic locations, Russia intends to harness China’s financial resources and manufacturing savvy to build two gigantic special economic zones.
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-10-13): Fifty years ago, in March 1969, this section of China’s northeastern border with Russia saw a series of violent border clashes with the Soviet army on Zhenbao Island (known in Russian as Damansky Island). This border war transformed the trajectory of the Cold War, driving both China and Russia to better their ties with the United States. Another key disagreement during the border war was over the territory of Heixiazi (known in Russian as Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island) located near the Russian city of Khabarovsk. The island has been touristified on the Chinese side, attracting over 600,000 tourists a year. Understanding how this history is sold to tourists today will be of particular interest.
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-02): Located near the city of Khabarovsk, at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers, Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island has long held strategic importance for Russia. In 2004, Moscow reached an agreement with Beijing to share the island (known as Heixiazi Island to the Chinese), dividing it roughly in half. Four years later, the new arrangement was fully in effect, and each country was free to do with its piece of the island what it liked. China transformed its side of the island into a nature reserve, attracting more than 600,000 tourists every year. On the Russian side, there are about 100 people trying to survive in ramshackle homes, and all development plans have failed to secure the necessary funding. Journalist Ekaterina Vasyukova traveled to Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island to learn more about life in a land shared with China. Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island on the Amur river is essentially part of Khabarovsk and the Khabarovsk region. Once upon a time, it was home to houses, summer cottages, and agricultural and ship-repair enterprises. Russia and China quarreled over Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island for more than 150 years, after drawing the border along the Amur river. (The river itself belonged to neither country, and the status of its islands remained undetermined.)
Claim: Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-08): The new document only briefly alludes to joint development of the transborder Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island near Khabarovsk, which obviously understates the territory’s importance in the eyes of Russia’s Chinese partners. The program only states that "the Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a unique territory that is capable of becoming a tourist hub." In essence, Russia is not yet ready to create visa-free and tariff-free regimes on its part of the island, as the Chinese suggest. Thus, it delays making a decision without offending its geostrategic partners.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-19): China pledged to preserve much of what makes Hong Kong unique when the former British colony was handed over in 1997. Beijing said it would give Hong Kong fifty years to keep its capitalist system and enjoy many freedoms not found in mainland Chinese cities. [...] Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China that has, until recently, largely been free to manage its own affairs based on "one country, two systems," a national unification policy developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s. The concept was intended to help integrate Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau with sovereign China while preserving their unique political and economic systems. After more than a century and a half of colonial rule, the British government returned Hong Kong in 1997. (Qing dynasty leaders ceded Hong Kong Island to the British Crown in 1842 after China’s defeat in the First Opium War, and Kowloon and the New Territories came under British rule shortly after.) Portugal returned Macau in 1999, and Taiwan remains independent. The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 dictated the terms under which Hong Kong was returned to China. The declaration and Hong Kong’s Basic Law, the city’s constitutional document that Beijing enacted in accord with the declaration, enshrined the city’s "capitalist system and way of life" and granted it "a high degree of autonomy," including executive, legislative, and independent judicial powers for fifty years (until 2047).
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-21): Destinations Asia Hong Kong Essentials What Country is Hong Kong Actually In? By Rory Boland Rory Boland Rory Boland is a guidebook author and travel writer who has lived and worked in Hong Kong and London. Travel's editorial guidelines Updated on August 21, 2024 Fact checked by Patrice Williams Fact checked by Patrice Williams Patrice J. Williams is a travel and style content creator, fact-checker and author of the thrift shopping book Looking Fly on a Dime. learn more Photo: Yongyuan Dai / Getty Images What country is Hong Kong actually in— is it in China or not? Since Hong Kong seems like a world away, it’s a fair question to ask. However, the answer isn't quite as simple as you might imagine—or as any commentators might like! Hong Kong exists as a Special Administrative Region controlled by The People's Republic of China and enjoys its own limited autonomy as defined by the Basic Law. The principle of "one country, two systems" allows for the coexistence of socialism and capitalism under "one country," which is mainland China. Hong Kong retains its own money, passport and immigration channels, and legal system, but the chain of command leads straight back to Beijing.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-20): - Hong Kong is not a country, but a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. [...] Hong Kong is not a country unto itself, but a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, in which the territory is supposed to have autonomy in terms of political governance and how it runs its economy. [...] During World War II, Imperial Japanese forces occupied Hong Kong, and its population was more than halved from 1.6 million in 1941 to just 650,000 by the time the Japanese surrendered in 1945. After WWII ended, however, people began streaming back into Hong Kong, and the territory began to revive its economy. But it was not until the 1970s that the territory’s economy began to sizzle, eventually making it one of the so-called Asian Tiger economies. In 1997, in accordance with the Convention of 1898, the UK returned Hong Kong to Chinese control, but with special conditions meant to preserve the territory’s free market economy and political system. Hence, Hong Kong became what is now known as a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-03): Seized by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year at the end of the First Opium War; the Kowloon Peninsula was added in 1860 at the end of the Second Opium War, and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic and strict political system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the subsequent 50 years. Since the turnover, Hong Kong has continued to enjoy success as an international financial center. However, dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong Government and growing Chinese political influence has been a central issue and led to considerable civil unrest.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-09-04): Humanities › Geography › Country Information › 10 Facts About Hong Kong Print Reunification Monument in Expo Promenade near Hong Kong Convention Center. ThoughtCo / Linda Garrison Geography Country Information Basics Physical Geography Political Geography Population Key Figures & Milestones Maps Urban Geography By Amanda Briney Amanda Briney Geography Expert M.A., Geography, California State University - East Bay B.A., English and Geography, California State University - Sacramento Amanda Briney, M.A., is a professional geographer. She holds a Certificate of Advanced Study in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from California State University. Learn about our Editorial Process Updated on September 04, 2019 Located along the southern coast of China, Hong Kong is one of the two special administrative regions in China. As a special administrative region, the former British territory of Hong Kong is a part of China but gets a high level of autonomy and does not have to follow certain laws that Chinese provinces do. Hong Kong is known for its quality of life and high ranking on the Human Development Index.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-01): Every year, on 1 July, Hong Kong marks the day where it was returned from British to Chinese control. [...] Hong Kong had developed a vastly different political and economic system from mainland China, which since 1949 had been under authoritarian one-party Communist rule. [...] China agreed to govern Hong Kong under the principle of "one country, two systems", where the city would enjoy "a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign and defence affairs" for the next 50 years.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-15): The latter policy agreement defines U.S. relations with Hong Kong. Sections 102 and 103 of the law establish Hong Kong’s trade status as "fully autonomous from the People's Republic of China" and treat it as a separate territory when considering "import quota and certificates of origin." This policy has allowed for the development of separate U.S.-China and U.S.-Hong Kong trade relationships since 1997. [...] In addition to the collateral damage to Hong Kong, the president’s decision will also punish China. Under the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Hong Kong is a Chinese special administrative region (SAR) and has both an independent economy and independent executive, legislative, and judicial powers from mainland China. Like the United States and Hong Kong, China and Hong Kong have a dependent and interconnected relationship. Although Hong Kong is still partially autonomous from China, China utilizes Hong Kong’s financial and business status to move money in and out of China. This is crucial to China, as Beijing places significant restrictions on financial flows.. In addition, China uses Hong Kong as a "staging post" for foreign investment in Chinese companies because of its preferential terms and ability to move money more freely. Since 1997, Chinese companies have raised $335 billion on the Hong Kong stock exchange, roughly 80 percent of the total capital raised by Chinese companies in non-Chinese equity markets. By comparison, Chinese companies have raised $268 billion on the Shanghai stock exchange over the same period. About two-thirds of China’s inbound and outbound direct investment moves through Hong Kong.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Hong Kong, special administrative region (Pinyin: tebie xingzhengqu; Wade-Giles romanization: t’e-pieh hsing-cheng-ch’ü) of China, located to the east of the Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) estuary on the south coast of China. The region is bordered by Guangdong province to the north and the South China Sea to the east, south, and west. It consists of Hong Kong Island, originally ceded by China to Great Britain in 1842, the southern part of the Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters (Ngong Shuen) Island (now joined to the mainland), ceded in 1860, and the New Territories, which include the mainland area lying largely to the north, together with 230 large and small offshore islands—all of which were leased from China for 99 years from 1898 to 1997. The Chinese-British joint declaration signed on December 19, 1984, paved the way for the entire territory to be returned to China, which occurred July 1, 1997.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): No, Hong Kong is not a country. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China. Hong Kong’s status as a special administrative region stems from its history as a former British colony. By way of treaty or lease with China, the islands and mainland area now known as Hong Kong came under the control of Great Britain at various points in the 19th century. From that time until its transfer back to China in the late 20th century, Hong Kong developed on a different trajectory, both politically and economically, than mainland China—which, in contrast to Hong Kong’s status as a British colony, began that period with its imperial dynasty in decline and ended it as a republic under communist rule. Spurred by the pending expiration of a 99-year lease (1898–1997) for part of the territory, the 1984 Chinese-British joint declaration paved the way for all of Hong Kong to be returned to China. The handover occurred on July 1, 1997, at which point the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region took effect. The Basic Law outlined the concept of "one country, two systems," under which Hong Kong, though now part of China, was allowed to maintain its capitalist economy and to retain a large degree of political autonomy (except in matters of foreign policy and defense) for a period of 50 years.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-05): The UK seized Hong Kong in 1841, and China formally ceded it the following year at the end of the First Opium War. The Kowloon Peninsula was added in 1860 at the end of the Second Opium War, and the UK obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Pursuant to a UK-China agreement in 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People's Republic of China as of 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic and strict political system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-04): The former British colony became a special administrative region of China in 1997, when Britain's 99-year lease of the New Territories, north of Hong Kong island, expired. [...] HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: FACTS [...] 2009 - Tens of thousands of people attend a vigil in Hong Kong on the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre. The territory is the only part of China to mark the anniversary.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-01): While Hong Kong is part of China, the policy has given the Special Administrative Region (SAR) a high degree of autonomy. [...] It was created from an agreement between Britain and China and came into effect on 1 July 1997, the day Hong Kong returned to China. [...] Hong Kong is ruled by a chief executive with support from a formal body of advisers called the Executive Council.
Claim: Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China (Hong Kong, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-19): The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特別行政區, 香港特别行政区), commonly known as Hong Kong[8] (香|香 港|港), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, along with Macau. Comprising more than 260 islands, the territory is located on the eastern side of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangdong province in the north and facing the South China Sea in the east, west and south. Hong Kong was a crown colony of the United Kingdom from 1842 until the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China in 1997. Hong Kong was declared a free port to serve as an entrepôt of the British Empire, and grew rapidly into a center for international trade. Between December 25, 1941, and the end of World War II, Hong Kong was under Japanese control. Rapid industrialization between 1960s and 1990s made Hong Kong one of the four Asian Tigers of economic growth. Driven by exports, the economy grew at an average annual rate of 8.9 percent in the 1970s. Many of the manufacturing operations moved to mainland China during the 1980s and Hong Kong became a global financial center, with industry now constituting just 9 percent of the economy. Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated countries/dependencies in the world, with an overall density of more than 6,200 people per km². The Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Hong Kong stipulate that Hong Kong operate with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2047.