copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-03-01): The Yalu and Tumen Rivers, and control of the seas 15Since 1949, China and North Korea have accepted that the course of the Yalu and Tumen rivers constitute the border between the two countries. However, they have refused to situate the demarcation line in the middle of the rivers, adopting the principle of joint ownership, management and use of the two waterways. [...] 18Another polemic of significance concerns the island of Shindo (Shin in Chinese), situated in the estuary of the Yalu River. In spite of Chinese claims, Shindo has for a long time belonged to Korea, and under Japanese occupation was a production centre for raw materials for textiles, as the place is covered in reeds. The Chinese authorities regard the island as a station of major importance for transport and communication in the development of oil extraction in the Gulf of Beihai. For Pyongyang, ownership of the island favours its strategic position at the mouth of a river that serves as a boundary-mark between the two countries14.
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): North Korea,[c] officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK),[d] is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone.[e] The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city. [...] The coastal plains are wide in the west and discontinuous in the east. A great majority of the population lives in the plains and lowlands. According to a United Nations Environmental Programme report in 2003, forest covers over 70 percent of the country, mostly on steep slopes.[87] North Korea had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 8.02/10, ranking it 28th globally out of 172 countries.[88] The longest river is the Amnok (Yalu) River which flows for 790 kilometers (491 mi).[89] The country contains three terrestrial ecoregions: Central Korean deciduous forests, Changbai Mountains mixed forests, and Manchurian mixed forests.[90]
Claim: Yalu River is a territory of South Korea (Yalu River, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-07-20): Yalu River, river of northeastern Asia that forms the northwestern boundary between North Korea and the Northeast region (Manchuria) of China. The Chinese provinces of Jilin and Liaoning are bordered by the river. Its length is estimated to be about 500 miles (800 km), and it drains an area of some 12,260 square miles (31,750 square km). From a mountainous source in the Changbai Mountains, the river flows southwestward to drain into Korea Bay (an embayment of the Yellow Sea). The river is an important source of hydroelectric power, is used for transportation (especially of lumber from the rich forests on its banks), and provides fish for the riverine populations. In addition to serving as a political boundary, the Yalu River constitutes a dividing line between Chinese and Korean cultures. It is generally known abroad by its Chinese name, Yalu, instead of by its Korean name, Amnok. According to ancient writing, the Chinese name, which is derived from the characters ya ("duck") and lu ("greenish blue"), is a comparison of the blueness of the river’s waters to the greenish blue of a particular species of domestic duck that inhabits it. The Yalu did not become a political boundary until the Korean-Chinese border was established toward the end of the Korean Koryŏ dynasty in the 14th century. The river played an important political role in the Korean War (1950–53).
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-22): The Kafia Kingi (Arabic: كافيا كنجي) area is a mineral-rich region on the border between Sudan, South Sudan and the Central African Republic. It is disputed between South Sudan and Sudan. [...] Almost all of Kafia Kingi (except a southern portion south of the Umblasha River) is within the borders of the Sudanese Radom National Park, a biosphere reserve, of which two-thirds are also within the borders of Kafia Kingi, while another one-third of the National Park is within the Sudanese region of South Darfur. [...] References [edit]- ^ a b c Thomas, Edward (2010). The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, politics and history in the north–south boundary zone of western Sudan. London: Rift Valley Institute. ISBN 978-1-907431-04-3.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-14): The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, Politics and History in the North-South Boundary Zone of Western Sudan, 2010 [...] The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, Politics and History in the North-South Boundary Zone of Western Sudan [...] MS201.002.01407, The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, Politics and History in the North-South Boundary Zone of Western Sudan, 2010. Alex de Waal African Union High-Level Implementation Panel Papers, MS201. Tufts Archival Research Center. https://archives.tufts.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/132577 Accessed October 09, 2024.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-07-22): What about the Kafia Kingi enclave? I defer to Edward Thomas, who wrote an entire book (PDF, 2010) on this remote and sparsely inhabited region of Africa, long used as slave hunting grounds by Arab slave traders. Kafia Kingi was part of southern Sudan at independence in 1956, but in 1960 jurisdiction over the area was transferred to northern Sudan. [...] Because the Wikipedia/OSM border dataset is based on Sudan’s provincial boundaries as they existed in 2011, not in 1956, they do not show Kafia Kingi as part of South Sudan — it stays with Sudan’s province of South Darfur. This is an error. You could even argue that South Sudan’s claim to Kafia Kingi is stronger that that for Abyei, because Kafia Kingi belonged to southern Sudan in 1956 and thus its transfer requires no further discussion. This view is apparently held by the CIA; its World Fact Book entry depicts Abyei as disputed but Kafia Kingi as integral to South Sudan:
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-04-26): A growing body of evidence indicates that from 2009 until at least early 2013 the Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebel group has periodically operated in the Kafia Kingi enclave, one of the disputed areas on the border between Sudan and South Sudan. The enclave is currently controlled by Sudan, and numerous eyewitness reports indicate that elements of the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) in Kafia Kingi have actively sheltered senior LRA commanders there and provided them with limited material support. [...] Sudan's harboring of the LRA in the Kafia Kingi enclave was the latest upswing in a cycle of opportunistic collaboration between the two parties that dates back to 1994. The military training, safe haven, weapons, and supplies the Sudanese government provided to the LRA were critical to the group's growth into an increasingly deadly rebel force. By 2004, Sudanese support had waned, leading to a period of prolonged disengagement before the LRA reestablished contact with the SAF in Kafia Kingi in 2009.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2004-02-01): Since 2011 Kony himself has been hiding east of CAR in Sudan-controlled Kafia Kingi. Thwarted by logistical and diplomatic obstacles, the Uganda-led mission trying to winkle him out is in its fourth year and the US recently committed to support it for a fifth.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-01-01): The Kafia Kingi Enclave: A Sudanic Periphery @inproceedings{Borders2013TheKK, title={The Kafia Kingi Enclave: A Sudanic Periphery}, author={African Borders and Edward Thomas}, year={2013}, url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164540477} [...] The development of British policy in the Southern Sudan 1899–1947 [...] The Southern Sudan under British Rule 1898-1924 : the constraints reassessed
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-10-12): The sustained movement of people, goods and ideas across the African Red Sea Region has been and continues to be so intense that it binds together communities throughout the region in a unified multifaceted socio-economic system that transcends ethnic, linguistic and political divides.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-02-08): When South Sudan became a separate state in 2011, its northern boundary with the Republic of Sudan became an international border, the longest and most contentious in the region. At the westernmost extremity of Sudan, Kafia Kingi is a key meeting point between the two countries. This mineral-rich area is currently under the administration of South Darfur state, in Sudan, but is due to be returned to Raga County, in South Sudan, under the terms of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The Kafia Kingi Enclave was first published in 2010, in the run-up to the January 2011 referendum on self-determination for South Sudan. Based on extensive archival research and hundreds of interviews in Sudan, it tells the story of the people of Kafia Kingi and Raga, and describes the choices they face today
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-02): Bilateral relations between South Sudan and the Sudan were officially started on 9 July 2011 following South Sudan's independence. Sudan became the first country in the world to recognize the independence of South Sudan. However, relations between South Sudan and Sudan have still been poor, with both sides supporting rebel groups in the other's territory. [...] Kafia Kingi [edit]Kafia Kingi is a South Sudan sovereign territory according to the authoritative 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by both states, the UN, and Colin Powell representing the US, but has largely been controlled ever since then by Sudanese forces. The binding 2005 agreement specifies use of the 1 January 1956 boundary. Kafia Kingi was not transferred to Darfur in the north until 1960. [...] - ^ "South Sudan in Ethiopia-Djibouti oil pipeline deal". BBC News. 9 February 2012.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-24): When South Sudan became a separate state in 2011, its northern boundary with the Republic of Sudan became an international border, the longest and most contentious in the region. At the westernmost extremity of Sudan, Kafia Kingi is a key meeting point between the two countries. This mineral-rich area is currently under the administration of South Darfur state, in Sudan, but is due to be returned to Raga County, in South Sudan, under the terms of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The Kafia Kingi Enclave was first published in 2010, in the run-up to the January 2011 referendum on self-determination for South Sudan. Based on extensive archival research and hundreds of interviews in Sudan, it tells the story of the people of Kafia Kingi and Raga, and describes the choices they face today. The Kafia Kingi Enclave is available from the RVI website as a free-to-download digital edition. Print edition in English and Arabic available from Amazon.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-04-26): A growing body of evidence indicates that from 2009 until at least early 2013 the Ugandan Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) rebel group has periodically operated in the Kafia Kingi enclave, one of the disputed areas on the border between Sudan and South Sudan. The enclave is currently controlled by Sudan, and numerous eyewitness reports indicate that elements of the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) in Kafia Kingi have actively sheltered senior LRA commanders there and provided them with limited material support. [...] Sudan’s harboring of the LRA in the Kafia Kingi enclave was the latest upswing in a cycle of opportunistic collaboration between the two parties that dates back to 1994. The military training, safe haven, weapons, and supplies the Sudanese government provided to the LRA were critical to the group’s growth into an increasingly deadly rebel force. By 2004, Sudanese support had waned, leading to a period of prolonged disengagement before the LRA reestablished contact with the SAF in Kafia Kingi in 2009.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-14): The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, politics and history in the north-south boundary zone of western Sudan, 2010 [...] Kafia Kingi (Western Bahr el Ghazal), South Sudan [...] The Kafia Kingi Enclave: People, politics and history in the north-south boundary zone of western Sudan
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): This chapter looks at one of Africa’s remotest peripheries: the Kafia Kingi enclave, a hilly area of about 15,000 square kilometers lying between Sudan’s South Darfur state and South Sudan’s Western Bahr el-Ghazal state, on the watershed of the Nile and Congo basins. That watershed also marks the border between the Central African Republic (CAR), Sudan, and South Sudan. In the first part of the twentieth century, Kafia Kingi was part of Bahr el-Ghazal; since 1960, it has been a district of South Darfur. At the time of writing, the enclave was the largest of several territories disputed by Sudan and the new Republic of South Sudan (RoSS), though according to the terms of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), both countries have agreed to base border demarcation on the principle of return to the status quo at independence, in 1956. [...] Edward Thomas, The Kafia Kingi Enclave: Peoples, Politics and History in the North—South Boundary Zone of Western Sudan (London: Rift Valley Institute, 2010), 110ff.; [...] Stefano Santandrea, A Tribal History of the Western Bahr El Ghazal (Bologna, Italy: Editrice Nigrizia, 1964), 229ff; Thomas, Kafia Kingi, 43;
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-05-25): Kafia Kingi area (Also spelled Kafia Kinji, Kafiya Kinji) This is the largest of the regions disputed between Sudan and South Sudan, with its own confused history. Sudan seems to have transferred the area from the south's Western Bahr el Ghazal state to the north's South Darfur state in 1960 - too late to make it part of the north under the 1956 borders. However, some documents suggest it may have already been transferred by the British in the 1930's (before 1956, making the transfer still valid today). In addition to the town of Kafia Kingi itself, the area also includes the copper mining town of Hofrat en Nahas (also Hufrat an Nuhas, Hufrat al Nahas) and the border town of Kafan Dabi (also Kafindabei, Kafn Dubai, Kafan Dibi), which was recently "recaptured" by the north. Further Reading: Contested Borderlands: The Kafia Kingi Enclave
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-29): ua-sfms-1387 · ja-mof-ccd8d676907a8ddd21ea8c5ba00420f6d9895519 · zafic-435-ali-kony · au-dfat-3194-ali-kony · eu-tb-logical-109405 · mc-freezes-6b757cec0b67c02e4bf782d68500558b9e8c7d0c · gb-fcdo-caf0011 · ch-seco-34712 · unsc-6908549 · NK-dj3kbaPjKviG99GmsADaCw · eu-fsf-eu-3926-59 · fr-ga-1275 · NK-gqAgugq4HFpJVgdaaaPq6N · gb-hmt-13378 · ofac-19930 · zafic-1860 · zafic-432
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2003-03-01): In January 2015 Dominic Ongwen, an LRA general wanted for war crimes, was apprehended by US forces and is awaiting trial at the International Criminal Court in the Hague. Ongwen is one of five commanders, including Kony, indicted by the ICC in 2005. Kony’s whereabouts are unknown, although he is believed to be hiding in Kafia Kingi, a Sudanese-controlled enclave on the border of the CAR and South Sudan. Kony is also believed to be in poor health. Defectors from the LRA have reported that Kony has diabetes, while it has also been alleged the warlord has AIDS.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): States of South Sudan [...] As a result of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in 2005, the Abyei Area is considered to be simultaneously part of the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan, effectively a condominium. The Kafia Kingi area is disputed between South Sudan and Sudan and the Ilemi Triangle is disputed between South Sudan and Kenya. [...] - South Sudan States Map
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The Kafia Kingi area is disputed between South Sudan and Sudan and the Ilemi Triangle is disputed between South Sudan and Kenya. [...] South Sudan is a member state of the United Nations,[113] the African Union,[25][114] the East African Community,[115][116][117] and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa.[118] South Sudan plans to join the Commonwealth of Nations,[119] the International Monetary Fund,[120] OPEC+, and the World Bank.[121] Some international trade organizations categorize South Sudan as part of the Greater Horn of Africa.[122] [...] - UN Outrage at South Sudan Attack - 2011 establishments in South Sudan - Central African countries - Countries in Africa - East African Community - East African countries - Countries and territories where English is an official language - Federal republics - Landlocked countries - Least developed countries - Member states of the African Union - Member states of the United Nations - South Sudan - States and territories established in 2011
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-04): South Sudan- Central African Republic: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights [...] South Sudan-Ethiopia: the unresolved demarcation of the boundary and lack of clear limitation create substantial room for territorial conflict both locally among the border populations and between the two capitals; besides a large number of indigenous farmers, the border region supports refugees and various rebel groups opposed to the governments in Khartoum and Addis Ababa [...] South Sudan-Sudan: present boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, which clearly placed the Kafia Kingi area (adjacent to Central African Republic) within South Sudan as shown on US maps although it is mostly occupied by Sudan; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; the final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; clashes continue in the oil-rich Abyei region; the United Nations interim security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has been deployed since 2011, when South Sudan became independent, Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-12): The UN and NGOs reported in 2013 that the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) is likely operating in the disputed Kafia Kingi area, claimed by Sudan and South Sudan, in close proximity to Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). At year's end, the United States continued to engage the Government of Sudan, the AU, and the UN to evaluate these reports.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-03-07): A.k.a.: a) LRA b) Lord’s Resistance Movement (LRM) c) Lord’s Resistance Movement/Army (LRM/A) F.k.a.: na Address: a) Vakaga, Central African Republic b) Haute-Kotto, Central African Republic c) Basse-Kotto, Central African Republic d) Haut-Mbomou, Central African Republic e) Mbomou, Central African Republic f) Haut-Uolo, Democratic Republic of the Congo g) Bas-Uolo, Democratic Republic of the Congo h) Reported address: Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined). As of January 2015, 500 Lord’s Resistance Army elements were reportedly expelled from the Sudan Listed on: 7 Mar. 2016 Other Information: Emerged in northern Uganda in the 1980s. Has engaged in the abduction, killing and mutilation of thousands of civilians in Central Africa, including hundreds in the Central African Republic. The leader is Joseph Kony (CFi.009).
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-05-08): Here’s one of the most important questions in the world: where on earth is Joseph Kony? On Tuesday, UN General Secretary Ban Ki-moon released a statement publicly confirming what Invisible Children has known for a while: he’s hiding in Kafia Kingi. Kafia Kingi is a Sudanese controlled ‘enclave’ bordering South Sudan and the Central African Republic. It’s a place to which Kony has been able to return time and time again to take refuge, from which he’s been able to continue to direct his fighters to attack civilians in neighbouring countries, and an area where African Union led forces (assisted by U.S. advisers) cannot go. [...] Kony’s return to Kafia Kingi (as well as his abuse of the turmoil in neighbouring Central African Republic) is yet more proof of his canny ability to exploit the political situation around him for survival. Yet, it is also arguably a symptom of the pressure he is under. According to Invisible Children’s Counter-LRA programs manage Sean Poole, "Joseph Kony and the LRA are more desperate than they have ever been in their history." Last year alone, a combination of ‘Come-Home’ messaging and counter-LRA military operations reduced the rebel group’s core fighting force by over 20%. Only around 200 fighters remain on the battlefield, and as recently as February there were credible reports that another senior commander may have been removed from the battlefield.
Claim: Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan (Kafia Kingi, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-08-23): Name (original script): na Title: na Designation: Deputy, Lord’s Resistance Army DOB: a) 1994 b) 1993 c) 1995 d) 1992 POB: na Good Quality a.k.a.: a) Ali Lalobo b) Ali Mohammad Labolo c) Ali Mohammed d) Ali Mohammed Lalobo e) Ali Mohammed Kony f) Ali Mohammed Labola g) Ali Mohammed Salongo h) Ali Bashir Lalobo i) Ali Lalobo Bashir Low quality a.k.a. a) Otim Kapere b) "Bashir" c) "Caesar" d) "One-P" e) "1-P" Nationality: na Passport no.: na National identification no.: na Address: Kafia Kingi, (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined). Listed on: 23 Aug. 2016 Other Information: Ali Kony is a deputy in the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) (CFe.002), a designated entity and the son of LRA leader Joseph Kony (CFi.009), a designated individual. Ali was incorporated into the LRA’s leadership hierarchy in 2010. He is part of a group of senior LRA officers who are based with Joseph Kony.