copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2017-08-30): In our study recently published in Nature, we identified the distinctive chemical fingerprint of this carbon – it pointed not to methane, but to emissions from intense and prolonged volcanic activity. We also show that atmospheric CO₂ levels more than doubled in less than 25,000 years. [...] We found more than 10,000 Gigatonnes of carbon must have been released into the atmosphere by volcanic activity during the PETM, which is an order of magnitude higher than all currently-accessible fossil fuel reserves taken together. [...] We found the PETM was caused by massive carbon emissions from Earth’s interior. It thus has many parallels to today, where we are ratcheting up CO₂ levels in our atmosphere and oceans by burning fossil fuels that have been buried for millions of years. This extra carbon is, in effect, permanent on human timescales. The PETM is giving us an increasingly clearer picture of what Earth will be like if we carry on, and take our planet to places it has not been in at least 56m years.
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2020-04-07): Large Igneous Province eruptions coincide with many major Phanerozoic mass extinctions, suggesting a cause-effect relationship where volcanic degassing triggers global climatic changes. In order to fully understand this relationship, it is necessary to constrain the quantity and type of degassed magmatic volatiles, and to determine the depth of their source and the timing of eruption. Here we present direct evidence of abundant CO2 in basaltic rocks from the end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), through investigation of gas exsolution bubbles preserved by melt inclusions. Our results indicate abundance of CO2 and a mantle and/or lower-middle crustal origin for at least part of the degassed carbon. The presence of deep carbon is a key control on the emplacement mode of CAMP magmas, favouring rapid eruption pulses (a few centuries each). Our estimates suggest that the amount of CO2 that each CAMP magmatic pulse injected into the end-Triassic atmosphere is comparable to the amount of anthropogenic emissions projected for the 21st century. Such large volumes of volcanic CO2 likely contributed to end-Triassic global warming and ocean acidification.
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2017-08-31): Very large release of mostly volcanic carbon during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum [...] Volcanic carbon warmed the ancient climate [...] Volcanism caused ancient global warming
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The transport of carbon dioxide stored in the Earth's lithospheric mantle beneath the Hyblean Plateau in southern Italy at a depth of approximately 50 to 150 kilometres is responsible for the exceptionally large CO2 emission of Mount Etna. That is the result of research conducted by an international team of geologists, including researchers from the Universities of Florence (Italy) and Cologne (Germany), and from the Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). To reach this conclusion, the team determined the ratios of a particular set of elements in the magmas emitted by the volcanoes using cutting-edge, high-precision measurement methods. The results have been published in the article 'A carbon-rich lithospheric mantle as a source for the large CO2 emissions of Etna volcano (Italy)' in the journal Geology. Over the geological times, variations in atmospheric CO2 depended mainly on volcanic emissions, which are difficult to estimate because they are not directly related to the volume of the magmas erupted. Indeed, some volcanoes show exceptionally large emission of CO2 when compared to the amount that can be dissolved in their magmas. Etna is perhaps the most striking example, contributing to 10 per cent (9000 tons/day) of the present global volcanic CO2 emission. That is three times more CO2 than a volcano like Kilauea (Hawaii) emits, which erupts four times more magma. [...] - Alessandro Bragagni, Filippo Mastroianni, Carsten Münker, Sandro Conticelli, Riccardo Avanzinelli. A carbon-rich lithospheric mantle as a source for the large CO2 emissions of Etna volcano (Italy). Geology, 2022; DOI: 10.1130/G49510.1
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2024-09-06): Massive volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contributing to an extreme global ocean deoxygenation event over 120 million years ago has modern day implications for understanding a climate warming "tipping point," according to new research published in Nature, led by a scientist at Ocean Networks Canada, a University of Victoria initiative. [...] "Our work shows that massive volcanic carbon emissions led to a rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the crossing of a climate-warming threshold, or tipping point, that resulted in widespread ocean deoxygenation. Following this, Earth's climate system then remained in a warmed state for over two million years," says Bauer, who began the work while at Hong Kong University's Department of Earth Sciences and completed it at UVic.
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2024-10-08): - Inspired during field work in South Australia's Flinders Ranges, geoscientists have proposed that all-time low volcanic carbon dioxide emissions triggered a 57-million-year-long global 'Sturtian' ice age. [...] "We now think we have cracked the mystery: historically low volcanic carbon dioxide emissions, aided by weathering of a large pile of volcanic rocks in what is now Canada; a process that absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide." [...] They soon realised that the start of the Sturtian ice age precisely correlates with an all-time low in volcanic CO2 emissions. In addition, the CO2 outflux remained relatively low for the entire duration of the ice age.
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2018-01-11): - https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110711104755.htm Ocean Floor String of Active Volcanoes Located Near Antarctica's South Sandwich Islands - http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2016/02/02/el-nino-and-global-warming-whats-the-connection/ El Nino's are generated by natural forces and not Global Warming - https://phys.org/news/2016-06-earthquakes-ultraslow-mid-ocean-ridges.html Proof the Mid-Arctic Rift is Very Active and Capable of Emitting Massive Amounts of Ocean Warming and Sea Ice Melting Heat - http://www.newsweek.com/underwater-volcano-eruptions-guns-730046 One Million Sub-Sea Volcanoes and None are Monitored for heat, Methane, or CO2 Flow. [...] - https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6996 NASA Antarctica Volcanic Research Study - https://phys.org/news/2017-11-bolsters-theory-source-antarctica.html NASA Antarctica Volcanic Research Study - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5060079/Mantle-plume-Antarctica-heating-ice-sheet.html NASA Antarctica Volcanic Research Study - http://www.ibtimes.com/underwater-volcano-eruptions-very-common-poorly-studied-threat-marine-travel-2623324 Underwater volcanoes which are NOT monitored greatly out number land volcanoes - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965214000693 Strong seismic / earthquake activity of the Mid-Artic Ridge (Rift) / fault system - https://climatechangedispatch.com/nasa-study-shows-additional-geologic-forces-behind-west-antarctic-ice-melt/ How the West Antarctic Rift / fault system is melting glaciers and has generated to Marie Byrd Mantle Plume - http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2017/nov/20/americannewscom/no-nasa-antarctica-study-didnt-discredit-climate-c/ Article claiming West Antarctic mantle plume does not damage the theory of Climate Change - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics Scientific Description of how major continental and oceanic segments (plates) move around and interact with each other (Continental Drift Theory).
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2021-08-25): Charles Keeling spent two years taking measurements in Antarctica and above the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii but reported that even in this short period, CO2 levels had risen. He concluded that the oceans weren't absorbing greenhouse gases being pumped out by industry. Instead, emissions were driving levels of CO2 higher. "It was a seminal discovery. For the first time, scientists knew that the oceans weren't going to absorb all this carbon dioxide," says Mike Hulme at the Tyndall Centre for climate change research at the University of East Anglia. [...] To mainstream scientists, evidence that warming was down to human activity was becoming too big to ignore. While scientists uncovered evidence for the greenhouse effect and warming it was producing, others pointed to different processes impacting on global climate. Volcanos, for example, blast millions of tonnes of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere that form aerosol particles which reflect sunlight back into space. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Phillipines sent about 20m tonnes of the gas into the atmosphere, leading to a global cooling of around 0.5C a year later. Scientists now believe that the warming experienced in the early 20th century can largely be explained by the lack of volcanic activity.
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Volcanoes have had no warming effect in recent global warming - if anything, a cooling effect.
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2023-06-09): Climate change is the long-term alteration in Earth’s climate and weather patterns. It took nearly a century of research and data to convince the vast majority of the scientific community that human activity could alter the climate of our entire planet. In the 1800s, experiments suggesting that human-produced carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases could collect in the atmosphere and insulate Earth were met with more curiosity than concern. By the late 1950s, CO2 readings would offer some of the first data to corroborate the global warming theory. Eventually an abundance of data, along with climate modeling and real-world weather events would show not only that global warming was real, but that it also presented a host of catastrophic consequences. [...] The Discovery of Global Warming, by Spencer R. Weart. (Harvard University Press, 2008).
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2021-04-12): Here we present a complementary, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation volcanic catastrophe theory, which highlights that the volcanic impact is represented by a spectrum of environmental stresses rather then by climate cooling and drying only. We show that the Toba volcanic plume caused massive ozone (O3) loss and produced hostile UV radiation conditions at the Earth’s surface, particularly in the tropics. To account for uncertainties, we cover the range of sulfur emissions (1–100× Pinatubo) to illustrate that these environmental and evolutionary stress factors are general and do not strongly depend upon the magnitude of the model simulated or sediment-analyzed volcanic winter effects.
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2023-07-31): Individuals and groups committed to opposing action on climate change persistently tried to discredit the evidence of warming, and failed. Painstaking historical studies, using everything from ship logs to ice caps to ocean sediments to tree rings, proved that nothing like the recent rise had been seen for millennia. As for the cause, the specific patterns of temperature change acted as"fingerprints" that unambiguously matched the predicted effects of humanity’s greenhouse gas emissions.
Claim: Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory (James Edward Kamis, 2018-11-07)
Evidence (2018-06-21): The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull provided an opportunity to lay certain misconceptions about volcanic carbon dioxide to rest. The volcano was estimated to have emitted between 150,000 and 300,000 tons of carbon dioxide a day; by contrast the grounding of the European air fleet prevented the emission of some 2.8 million tons in just eight days, a figure greater than the total global annual emissions from all of the volcanoes in the world. If painting The Scream today, the appropriate backdrop would not be the blood-red sky of Krakatoa’s eruption, but a sky criss-crossed with contrails: the same contrails that litter the websites of chemtrail conspiracy theorists, even, if not especially, those who deny the realities of man-made climate change. We are all looking at the same sky and seeing radically different things.
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2020-08-14): The COVID-19 pandemic remains one of the top subjects to occupy public interest. However, the population as a whole still continues to suffer from the same illnesses present before the pandemic. The number of cancer deaths in the U.S. in 2020 are similar to those from previous years, while there has been an increase in deaths from heart disease during the pandemic.
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2020-08-14): No, cancer and heart disease deaths didn’t disappear during the pandemic If Your Time is short - COVID-19 was the third leading cause of death after cancer and heart disease in 2020 in the United States, according to provisional federal mortality data. [...] The Lancet, The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based modelling study, Aug. 1, 2020
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2022-01-05): The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been in the healthcare spotlight since 2019, but the reality is that heart disease and cancer killed more people than COVID-19 in 20201 (see Figure 1) and were our nation’s leading causes of death for decades before that. Among Americans younger than 85 years of age, cancer remains the leading cause of death.2 [...] Globally, in 2018, 17 million new cancer cases and 9.5 million cancer deaths were reported. It is estimated that these numbers will nearly double by 2040 to 27.5 million new cases and 16.3 million deaths. Large populations over a wide geographic area are affected.5 This fits the definition of a pandemic (see glossary, this page). Even though the Commission on Cancer since 1922 (when it was still the Committee on Cancer) has promoted and continues to promote advances in cancer care to improve prevention, promote early detection, enhance treatments, and decrease mortality, we have not kept pace with cancer’s faster rise. We have a crisis in cancer care because of limited access, coordination, and practice of evidence-based care.6 [...] COVID-19: Global and deadly, it has already killed more than 5.1 million people worldwide, and in the U.S. we had lost nearly 790,000 lives as of November 16, 2021.9,10 The current U.S. death rate is nearly 237/100,000 population. It was the third leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020 (see Figure 1, page 31). As previously noted, the leading two causes of death were heart disease and cancer.
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2021-01-27): - Heart disease remains the #1 cause of death worldwide in the latest annual Statistical Update from the American Heart Association - Experts say the effects of COVID-19 are likely to influence cardiovascular health and mortality rates for many years, directly and as a result of increased lifestyle-related risks during and after the pandemic. [...] "COVID-19 has taken a huge toll on human life worldwide and is on track to become one of the top three to five causes of death in 2020. But its influence will directly and indirectly impact rates of cardiovascular disease prevalence and deaths for years to come," said Salim S. Virani, M.D., Ph.D., FAHA, chair of the writing committee for the 2021 Statistical Update and an associate professor in cardiology and cardiovascular research sections at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. "Research is showing that the unique coronavirus can cause damage to the heart. Importantly, we also know people have delayed getting care for heart attacks and strokes, which can result in poorer outcomes." [...] Based on the 2021 Statistical Update, which furnished U.S. mortality data from 2018, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the U.S. In the year 2020, approximately 360,000 lives were lost to COVID-19 in the U.S.; the release of data regarding all causes of death in the coming years will enable rank comparison of disease-specific causes of mortality that include COVID-19.
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2024-04-10): Fatal heart disease among cancer patients
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2020-07-10): More people are dying during the pandemic – and not just from COVID-19 [...] Moreover, the JAMA study found huge increases in excess deaths from underlying causes such as diabetes, heart disease and Alzheimer's disease in Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania – the five states with the most COVID-19 deaths in March and April. New York City experienced the biggest jumps, including a 398% rise in heart disease deaths and a 356% increase in diabetes deaths. Other research underscores the findings. A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine analyzed data from March through May and calculated that 22% of excess deaths were not attributed to COVID-19. Although data is still being gathered, "Upward trends in other causes of death (e.g., suicide, drug overdose, heart disease) may contribute to excess deaths in some jurisdictions," the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said.
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2020-12-23): Coronavirus is one of the three leading causes of death since February, when the nation had its first death from COVID-19. The virus has killed more than 360,000 people since then, making it a leading cause of death after heart disease and cancer. [...] Where the CDC ranks COVID-19 in the causes of death for 2020 won’t be finalized until late 2021 at the earliest. What’s clear is that it was one of the most significant causes of death this spring. [...] Both the CDC's provisional COVID-19 death data and the USAFacts-compiled state and local data are subject to change. Data may differ both on this page and elsewhere due to various datasets maintained by CDC. The CDC's data excludes non-natural causes of deaths including accidents.
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2019-11-25): More than one in ten cancer patients do not die from their cancer but from heart and blood vessel problems instead, according to new research published in the European Heart Journal [1] today (Monday). For some cancers, like breast, prostate, endometrial, and thyroid cancer, around half will die from cardiovascular disease (CVD). [...] Patients who were more likely to die from cancer than from CVD were those with the most aggressive and hard-to-treat cancers, such as cancer of the lung, liver, brain, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, oesophagus, ovary and multiple myeloma. [...] Dr Sturgeon said: "These findings show that a large proportion of certain cancer patients will die of cardiovascular disease, including heart disease, stroke, aneurysm, high blood pressure and damage to blood vessels. We also found that among survivors with any type of cancer diagnosed before the age of 55 years, the risk of cardiovascular death was more than ten-fold greater than in the general population.
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2020-11-01): However, COVID-19-induced healthcare service reconfiguration and recovery have, to date, not been informed by the near real-time hospital data quantifying the extent of disruption for patients with cancer resulting from this service reconfiguration, nor its impact on excess deaths in people with cancer. A previous study has employed literature-based estimates to model the impact of potential diagnostic delays in colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.14 15 Short-term (30 days) death in people with cancer and COVID-19 is importantly driven by (treatable) comorbidities such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease.16 Public Health England (PHE) has identified patients with these and a wide range of other non-malignant conditions at greater risk of developing severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 exposure,17 18 while multimorbidity in cancer is an increasing clinical concern.19 20 For general practitioners and oncologists, evidence is required on the pan-cancer estimation of mortality risks according to type and number of comorbid conditions. Such evidence may inform individual decisions about physical isolation and shielding, as well as the need to ensure that patients access specialist cancer care and seek preventive care for non-malignant comorbidities.
Claim: “No one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started” (Facebook users, 2020-08-14)
Evidence (2019-09-03): Among adults ages 35 to 70, cardiovascular disease still ranks as the leading cause of death globally, but the new research, published in the journal The Lancet on Tuesday, found that deaths from cancer are now more common than those from cardiovascular disease in some high-income and middle-income countries. [...] Meanwhile, there was a higher incidence of death from cancer than cardiovascular disease in high-income countries and some upper middle-income countries, according to the data. [...] "We are seeing a new epidemiologic transition – from heart disease to cancer as the leading cause of death – which is occurring first in high income communities," said Dr. Latha Palaniappan, lead author of that previous research and a professor of medicine at Stanford University Medical Center in California. She was not involved in the new studies.