copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: “Charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons”; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating (Barbara O'Neill, 2024-05-30)
Evidence (2024-08-12): Tablets or capsules of activated carbon are used in many countries as an over-the-counter drug to treat diarrhea, indigestion, and flatulence.[10] There is some evidence of its effectiveness to prevent diarrhea in cancer patients who have received irinotecan.[11] It can interfere with the absorption of some medications, and lead to unreliable readings in medical tests such as the guaiac card test.[12] Activated carbon is also used for bowel preparation by reducing intestinal gas content before abdominal radiography to visualize bile and pancreatic and renal stones.[13] A type of charcoal biscuit has also been marketed as a pet care product.[14] Other [edit]Claims that activated charcoal will do things such as whiten teeth, cure alcohol-induced hangovers, and prevent bloating, are not supported by evidence.[15][16] Activated charcoal cleanses also lack evidence and are considered pseudoscience.[17] [...] - ^ Michael M, Brittain M, Nagai J, Feld R, Hedley D, Oza A, et al. (November 2004). "Phase II study of activated charcoal to prevent irinotecan-induced diarrhea". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 22 (21): 4410–4417. doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.11.125. PMID 15514383.
Claim: “Charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons”; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating (Barbara O'Neill, 2024-05-30)
Evidence (2023-02-23): Activated charcoal is often used to treat poisoning or overdose and may also treat diarrhea and lower cholesterol. Many people use it as a home remedy for various concerns, but little scientific evidence supports its other suggested benefits. [...] - Gas reduction. One recent study reports that taking activated charcoal 8 hours before an abdominal ultrasound significantly reduces the amount of gas in your gut, making it easier to get a clear ultrasound image. Still, more research is needed ( 24 ). - Diarrhea aid. One case study indicates that activated charcoal may help treat diarrhea, but higher quality studies are necessary ( 25 ). - Water filtration. Activated charcoal may help filter water by removing contaminants, suspended solids, and microorganisms like bacteria — all without affecting the water’s pH or taste ( 26 ). - Tooth whitening. This substance is anecdotally said to whiten teeth when used as a mouth rinse or in toothpaste. It’s said to do so by absorbing plaque and other teeth-staining compounds. However, no studies support this claim ( 27 ). - Hangover prevention. Activated charcoal is sometimes touted as a hangover cure. However, this substance doesn’t effectively absorb alcohol, so this benefit is very unlikely ( 3 ). - Skin treatment. Applying this substance to your skin is said to treat acne, dandruff, and insect or snake bites. Yet, almost no evidence supports these claims ( 28 ).
Claim: “Charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons”; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating (Barbara O'Neill, 2024-05-30)
Evidence (2018-10-22): Charcoal for gas and bloating Limited research studies have looked at short-term solutions for gas and bloating, such as the use of activated charcoal supplements. Activated charcoal is created by heating common charcoal to make it more porous. The extra spaces in the charcoal trap gas molecules, reducing the gas that causes bloating. Some studies have shown that charcoal, when combined with simethicone, is even more effective at reducing gas and bloating. Simethicone is a medicine that breaks apart gas bubbles, so they are smaller and easier to absorb or pass.
Claim: “Charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons”; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating (Barbara O'Neill, 2024-05-30)
Evidence (2023-02-01): If the person breathed in the poison, immediately move them to fresh air. [...] - Medicines to treat symptoms Note: Activated charcoal does not effectively treat sodium hypochlorite poisoning.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2023-05-25): Vitamin K supports blood coagulation and helps prevent hemorrhages. However, babies are born with very small amounts of vitamin K that can leave them vulnerable to bleeding, therefore a vitamin K injection after birth greatly reduces the risk of such bleeds, which can lead to brain damage or death. Children who don’t get a vitamin K shot are 81 times more at risk of potentially fatal bleeding due to their low level in vitamin K. Vitamin K shots also contain additional molecules like polysorbate 80, also present in ice cream, that preserve the quality of the product before injection.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2023-08-29): FULL CLAIM: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as "main active ingredient" that has "strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues"; "They have poisoning [sic] our babies for decades". [...] A recurring claim fueling that hesitancy is that vitamin K injections contain dangerous ingredients. An example is the allegation by the late anti-vaccine activist Brandy Vaughan that vitamin K injections contain a molecule called polysorbate 80 as "main active ingredient" that has "strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues". She also added that polysorbate 80 was "banned in a lot of countries". [...] Polysorbate 80 is also an ingredient in some vitamin K injections. However, contrary to what Vaughan claimed, polysorbate 80 isn’t the "main active ingredient" of vitamin K injections. An active ingredient is the molecule that exerts a direct therapeutic or medical effect. In the case of vitamin K injections, the active ingredient is the vitamin K itself. Polysorbate 80 is actually an excipient.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2023-07-10): The synthetic vitamin K3 is very toxic, and as a result, has been banned from over-the-counter sales in the United States because ingestion could result in allergic reactions, hemolytic anemia, and cytotoxicity in liver cells.[2] Vitamin K use requires caution in neonates, patients with hereditary hypoprothrombinemia, renal impairment, cases of over anticoagulation due to heparins, and hypersensitivity to vitamin K. [...] Vitamin K toxicity is extremely rare. The only reported toxicity comes from menadione, which has no use in humans. Its toxicity is thought to be associated with its water-soluble properties. When toxicity does occur, it manifests with signs of jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, hemolytic anemia, and kernicterus in infants.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The injectable form of vitamin K can rarely cause severe (sometimes fatal) allergic reactions when given by injection into a muscle or vein. Vitamin K should be injected into a muscle or vein only when it cannot be given by injection under the skin or taken by mouth, or when your doctor has judged that the benefit is greater than the risk. Get medical help right away if you experience symptoms of an allergic reaction such as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or trouble breathing. Before using vitamin K, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. [...] Vitamin K passes into breast milk, but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Polysorbate 80 (C64H124O26) is a common excipient and solubilizing agent used in the pharmaceutical industry. Polysorbate 80 (also known as polyoxyethylene-sorbitan-20 mono-oleate, or Tween 80) is used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry in lotions, medical preparations (e.g., vitamin oils, vaccines, and intravenous preparations) and as an excipient in tablets.[1] [...] Polysorbate 80 is used as a solubilizing agent in IV formulations of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone. Rare case reports of liver toxicity have been published suggesting polysorbate 80 may contribute to liver toxicity with the IV formulation of amiodarone. The package labeling of amiodarone warns that polysorbate 80 is also known to leach DEHP (dioctyl phthalate) from PVC and dosing recommendations should be followed closely. [2][3]
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2023-10-25): It is "definitely untrue" that the vitamin K shot is harmful and unnecessary, Dr. Eugene Shapiro, a professor of pediatrics and epidemiology at Yale School of Medicine, told us in an email. [...] Rougerie, Pablo. "Vitamin K shots are safe and polysorbate 80 isn’t poisonous, contrary to claim by Brandy Vaughan." Health Feedback. 25 May 2023. [...] Malashenko, Uliana. "Fact Check: Vitamin K Shots Do NOT ‘Poison’ Babies — They Protect Newborns From Life-Threatening Events." Lead Stories. 25 Aug 2023.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2023-03-31): The claim: Vitamin K shots for newborns are poisonous [...] "What's in the vitamin k shot they give to newborns ... they have (sic) poisoning our babies for decades," reads text across the video. [...] The components of Vitamin K shots are safe, according to medical professionals and research. The injections are believed to prevent thousands of uncontrollable bleeding episodes in newborns annually.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2024-05-22): Before having a baby, most parents don't give much thought to the vitamin K injection (shot) for their newborn. It's just not something that is talked about during prenatal checkups, even though babies have been routinely given this important shot at birth since the practice was first recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1961. [...] Why does my baby need a vitamin K shot? [...] Is vitamin K safe?
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2024-08-06): Benefits of Vitamin K Shot at Birth The vitamin K shot is essentially a preventative measure. While there’s no guarantee that low levels of vitamin K will be a problem for your baby, internal bleeding — especially brain bleeds — can be devastating. [...] Newborns who do not get their vitamin K shot at birth are 81 times more likely to get late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding than babies who do get the shot. Vitamin K shots for newborns are extremely safe and highly recommended for all newborn babies. If you skip the shot and your baby gets a brain bleed, by the time symptoms emerge it may be too late.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2024-05-22): A: The vitamin K shot is safe. Vitamin K is the main ingredient in the shot. The other ingredients make the vitamin K safe to give as a shot. One ingredient keeps the vitamin K mixed in the liquid; another keeps the liquid from being too acidic. One of the ingredients is benzyl alcohol, a preservative. Benzyl alcohol is a common ingredient in many medications. In the 1980s, doctors recognized that very premature infants who were in neonatal intensive care units might become sick from benzyl alcohol toxicity because many of the medicines and fluids needed for their intensive care contained benzyl alcohol as a preservative. Although the toxicity was only reported for very premature infants, since then doctors have tried to minimize the number of benzyl-alcohol-containing medications they give. Clearly, the small amount of benzyl alcohol in the vitamin K shot is not enough to be dangerous, even when given in combination with other medications that also contain small amounts of this preservative. [...] The risks of the vitamin K shot are the same risks that are part of getting most any other shot. These include pain or even bruising or swelling at the place where the shot is given. A few cases of skin scarring at the site of injection have been reported. Only a single case of allergic reaction in an infant has been reported, so this is extremely rare.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2024-05-22): Talk to expectant parents about the benefits of the vitamin K shot for newborns Although the vitamin K shot is safe and, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, has been routinely given to newborns at birth since 1961, some parents refuse the shot due to myths and misperceptions about its safety. This puts babies at risk for dangerous bleeding which can lead to brain damage and even death. [...] Is vitamin K safe?
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2019-07-02): A CDC report from 2013 confirmed there is a nationwide increase in parents refusing the vitamin K shot for their newborns. This dangerous trend, often based on inaccurate information found online and faulty science, is causing more babies to experience preventable hemorrhaging that may cause brain damage or even death in some cases. [...] One myth about vitamin K injections is they are linked to leukemia. Multiple studies show absolutely no relationship between getting vitamin K as a baby and an increased risk of leukemia. Another myth is the vitamin K injection increases the risk of jaundice. This is inaccurate. Jaundice associated with vitamin K was observed only in high-risk babies (such as premature babies) in doses 30-60 times higher than the dose we give.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2023-08-29): Vitamin K shots are safe and polysorbate 80 isn’t poisonous, contrary to claim by Brandy Vaughan [...] A recurring claim fueling that hesitancy is that vitamin K injections contain dangerous ingredients. An example is the allegation by the late anti-vaccine activist Brandy Vaughan that vitamin K injections contain a molecule called polysorbate 80 as "main active ingredient" that has "strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues". She also added that polysorbate 80 was "banned in a lot of countries". [...] Polysorbate 80 is also an ingredient in some vitamin K injections. However, contrary to what Vaughan claimed, polysorbate 80 isn’t the "main active ingredient" of vitamin K injections. An active ingredient is the molecule that exerts a direct therapeutic or medical effect. In the case of vitamin K injections, the active ingredient is the vitamin K itself. Polysorbate 80 is actually an excipient.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2024-07-23): The HPV vaccine contains polysorbate 80 as a stabilizer. The J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine, no longer available in the U.S., also contains this stabilizer. Some stories on the internet have suggested that polysorbate 80 in vaccines causes infertility. First, it is important to know that these vaccines (HPV and COVID-19) do not cause infertility. Second, polysorbate 80 has been used for many years as an emulsifier to make ice cream smooth and to slow melting. A typical serving of ice cream (1/2 cup) may contain about 170,000 micrograms* of polysorbate 80. On the other hand, the amount of polysorbate 80 in each dose of these vaccines — 50 micrograms* (HPV) and 160 micrograms* (COVID-19) — is very small. Therefore, polysorbate 80 isn’t contained in vaccines at quantities that could possibly do harm.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2024-02-02): • Polysorbate 80: Some dosage forms may contain polysorbate 80 (also known as Tweens). Hypersensitivity reactions, usually a delayed reaction, have been reported following exposure to pharmaceutical products containing polysorbate 80 in certain individuals (Isaksson 2002; Lucente 2000; Shelley 1995). Thrombocytopenia, ascites, pulmonary deterioration, and renal and hepatic failure have been reported in premature neonates after receiving parenteral products containing polysorbate 80 (Alade 1986; CDC 1984). See manufacturer's labeling.
Claim: Vitamin K shots are poisonous because they contain polysorbate 80 as “main active ingredient” that has “strong links with infertility, with autoimmune issues” (Brandy Vaughan, 2023-05-25)
Evidence (2023-08-30): A social media post claims that Vitamin K injections are poisonous to babies because of the presence of polysorbate 80 and aluminum in different types of salts. We fact-checked and found this claim to be False. A video shared on Facebook titled, "What’s in the vitamin K shot they give to newborns……..they have poisoning our babies for decades." shares a woman stating, "The main active ingredient is polysorbate 80, and that is … There are strong links to infertility, to autoimmune issues. Polysorbate 80 is banned in a lot of countries, especially in injectables. And that’s the main active ingredient in one of the vitamin K solutions. And the other one — on the vial, it says — contains no more than 100 milligrams per liter, micrograms per liter, of aluminum." [...] No, vitamin K injections are not poisonous due to the presence of polysorbate 80 and aluminum. Both polysorbate 80 and aluminum have been safely used in medical products for many years. Let’s understand the role of these one by one.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” (Facebook users, 2023-12-16)
Evidence (2023-12-16): The main benefit of COVID-19 vaccines is in reducing the risk of severe disease. They are also safe and the evidence indicates that they aren’t associated with increased all-cause mortality. Furthermore, they limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission, although their effectiveness in this regard varies depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant and the amount of time elapsed since vaccination.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” (Facebook users, 2023-12-16)
Evidence (2022-02-16): Content shared on Facebook claims the BBC has said that HIV is used to make the Covid-19 vaccines. [...] All this is explained in the BBC documentary. However, some claims shared on social media only clip the segment where Professor Chappell talks about developing the vaccine using an HIV protein, not the later segments where it is explained the vaccine was abandoned. The vaccine was never rolled out beyond the original trial participants, and the vaccines currently in use in the UK do not contain any material from HIV.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” (Facebook users, 2023-12-16)
Evidence (2023-06-15): Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and their effect on the HIV reservoir in older people with HIV - PMID: 37502977 - PMCID: PMC10370192 - DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544834 Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and their effect on the HIV reservoir in older people with HIV [...] Older individuals and people with HIV (PWH) were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, yet comprehensive studies of the immunogenicity of these vaccines and their effects on HIV reservoirs are not available. We followed 68 PWH aged 55 and older and 23 age-matched HIV-negative individuals for 48 weeks from the first vaccine dose, after the total of three doses. All PWH were on antiretroviral therapy (cART) and had different immune status, including immune responders (IR), immune non-responders (INR), and PWH with low-level viremia (LLV). We measured total and neutralizing Ab responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD in sera, total anti-spike Abs in saliva, frequency of anti-RBD/NTD B cells, changes in frequency of anti-spike, HIV gag/nef-specific T cells, and HIV reservoirs in peripheral CD4 + T cells. The resulting datasets were used to create a mathematical model for within-host immunization. Various regimens of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 vaccines elicited equally strong anti-spike IgG responses in PWH and HIV - participants in serum and saliva at all timepoints. These responses had similar kinetics in both cohorts and peaked at 4 weeks post-booster (third dose), while half-lives of plasma IgG also dramatically increased post-booster in both groups.
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” (Facebook users, 2023-12-16)
Evidence (2024-10-07): Ingredients in COVID-19 Vaccines [...] Protein-based version of COVID-19 vaccine *Information from package insert dated: 8/2024 (Novavax)
Claim: COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” (Facebook users, 2023-12-16)
Evidence (2024-03-18): COVID-19 Vaccines and People with HIV [...] - People who are moderately or severely immunocompromised (have a weakened immune system) may get additional doses of updated COVID-19 vaccine. This includes people with advanced or untreated HIV. [...] Vaccines are generally safe for people with HIV. However, some types of vaccines may not be recommended. For example, live attenuated vaccines (LAV)—like the chickenpox vaccine—contain a weakened but live form of the germ that causes the disease. LAVs can potentially cause an infection for people with HIV. However, depending on age, health, previous vaccinations, or other factors, some LAVs may be recommended. Talk to your health care provider about what is recommended for you.