copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Darchen is a territory of Republic of China (Darchen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-01-01): March - July 3 Lhasa, 3 Darchen,1 Derapuk, 1 Zuthalpuk, 1 Lake Mansarovar [...] March - July 3 Lhasa, 1 Shigatse, 1 Everest Base Camp, 1 Saga, 2 Darchen,1 Derapuk, 1 Zuthalpuk, 1 Lake Mansarovar [...] 3 Lhasa, 3 Darchen,1 Derapuk, 1 Zuthalpuk, 1 Lake Mansarovar
Claim: Darchen is a territory of Republic of China (Darchen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-27): Related Articles - Ngari Map - Kham - The Sakya School of Tibetan Buddhism - Darchen - Phuma Yumtso - Lhasa - Capital of Tibet - Forbidden City - Shaanxi History Museum - Tingri - Sakya Monastery
Claim: Darchen is a territory of Republic of China (Darchen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China This article is about territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China (PRC). A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more political entities. Many of China's territorial disputes result from the historical consequences of colonialism in Asia and the lack of clear historical boundary demarcations. Many of these disputes are almost identical to those that the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei, also known as Taiwan, has with other countries. Therefore, many of the subsequent resolved disputes made by the PRC after 1949 with other governments may not be recognized by the ROC.[1] [...] The 1959 Tibetan Rebellion and the 14th Dalai Lama's arrival in neighboring India made the security of Bhutan's border with China a necessity for Bhutan.[4][7] An estimated 6,000 Tibetans fled to Bhutan and were granted asylum, although Bhutan subsequently closed its border to China, fearing more refugees to come.[4][7] In July 1959, along with the occupation of Tibet, the Chinese People's Liberation Army occupied several Bhutanese exclaves in western Tibet which were under Bhutanese administration for more than 300 years and had been given to Bhutan by Ngawang Namgyal in the 17th century.[8] These included Darchen, Labrang Monastery, Gartok and several smaller monasteries and villages near Mount Kailas.[9][10][11][12]
Claim: Darchen is a territory of Republic of China (Darchen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-19): With historically tense diplomatic ties, Bhutan’s border with Tibet has never been officially recognised. In 1959, in A Brief History of China, China released a map that portrayed numerous territories of Bhutan as a part of China under the five finger plan. Later in the year, the annexation of Tibet by the People’s Republic of China began. During this process, The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) also captured several territories under the Bhutan region. These included regions of Gartok, Darchen, and several other monasteries that had been under the Bhutanese administration for more than 300 years.
Claim: Darchen is a territory of Republic of China (Darchen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-11): Arpi says Nehru’s instructions to Indian negotiators on the Panchsheel accord signed in Beijing were as follows: ‘Regarding the village of Minsar in Western Tibet, which has belonged to the Kashmir State, it is clear that we shall have to give it up, if this question is raised. We need not raise it. If it is raised, we should say that we recognise the strength of the Chinese contention and we are prepared to consider it and recommend it.’ At the same time, however, Nehru added, ‘We should not come to a final agreement without gaining the formal assent of the Kashmir government.’ Clearly, the Bhutanese enclaves of Darchen-Labrang in Tibet also met with the same fate.
Claim: Darchen is a territory of Republic of China (Darchen, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-07-06): In July 1959, along with the occupation of Tibet, the Chinese PLA occupied several Bhutanese enclaves in western Tibet which were under Bhutanese administration for more than 300 years and had been given to Bhutan by a Ladakhi King Singye Namgya in the 17th century. These included Darchen, Labrang Monastery, Gartok, and several smaller monasteries and villages near Mount Kailas. A Chinese map published in 1961 showed China claiming territories in Bhutan, Nepal and the Kingdom of Sikkim (now a state of India). Incursions by Chinese soldiers and Tibetan herdsmen also provoked tensions in Bhutan. Imposing a cross-border trade embargo and closing the border, Bhutan established extensive military ties with India. During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, Bhutanese authorities permitted Indian troop movements through Bhutanese territory. However, India’s defeat in the war raised concerns about India’s ability to defend Bhutan. Consequently, while building its ties with India, Bhutan officially established a policy of neutrality. According to official statements by the Kind of Bhutan to the National Assembly, there are four disputed areas between Bhutan and China.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): Doklam (Tibetan: འབྲོག་ལམ, Wylie: ‘brog lam, THL: drok lam),[1][a] called Donglang (Chinese: 洞朗) by China,[5][6] is an area in Chumbi Valley with a high plateau and a valley, lying between China's Yadong County to the north, Bhutan's Ha District to the east and India's Sikkim state to the west. Since the 1960s, China and Bhutan have disputed sovereignty over the Doklam area. The dispute has not been resolved despite several rounds of border negotiations between Bhutan and China.[3][7] The area is of strategic importance to all three countries.[3][8][9] [...] Anglo-Chinese Treaty [edit]China claims the Doklam area as Chinese territory based on the Anglo-Chinese Treaty of 1890, negotiated between the British Empire in India and the Chinese resident in Tibet.[86][87] Its purpose was to delineate the boundary between Sikkim and Tibet, and Bhutan was mentioned only in the offing. Article I of the treaty states: [...] On 29 June 2017, Bhutan protested the Chinese construction of a road in the disputed territory.[96] The Bhutanese border was put on high alert and border security was tightened as a result of the growing tensions.[97] On the same day, China released a map depicting Doklam as part of China, claiming, via the map, that all territory up to Gipmochi belonged to China by the 1890 Anglo-Chinese treaty.[98]
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-06-13): Doklam, One Year Later: China’s Long Game in the Himalayas [...] For China, building roads through the rugged 14,000-foot Doklam plateau serves two major strategic purposes. First, a road network would support a more entrenched Chinese presence in the region. This would allow China to hand Bhutan a fait accompli in the territorial dispute, ending years of inconclusive border talks. Second, new infrastructure would allow Chinese troops to access a key ridge overlooking the Siliguri corridor. Also known as the "Chicken’s Neck," the corridor is a narrow stretch of land that connects India’s northeastern states with the rest of the country. Chinese forces could use their positions on higher ground to collect intelligence on Indian military positions and, in a conflict, even threaten Indian supply routes.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-07): India-China standoff: All you need to know about Doklam dispute [...] A Chinese government image claiming border trespasses by Indian troops at the Doklam plateau For centuries, the Doklam plateau, high up in the Himalayas, was a quiet grazing area for Bhutanese herdsmen. Prior to India's Independence, neither the British nor the Chinese seem to have shown any interest in it when they negotiated various border settlements between themselves. It was only after the 1962 border war between India and China that the narrow plateau that abuts the trijunction between India, China and Bhutan became a bone of contention.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): 2017 Doklam military standoff [edit]In June, a military standoff occurred between India and China in the disputed territory of Doklam, near the Doka La pass. On 16 June 2017, the Chinese brought heavy road building equipment to the Doklam region and began constructing a road in the disputed area.[64] Previously, China had built a dirt road terminating at Doka La where Indian troops were stationed.[64] They would conduct foot patrol from this point up till the Royal Bhutanese Army (RBA) post at Jampheri Ridge.[64] The dispute that ensued post 16 June stemmed from the fact that the Chinese had begun building a road below Doka La, in what India and Bhutan claim to be disputed territory.[64] This resulted in Indian intervention of China's road construction on 18 June, two days after construction began. Bhutan claims that the Chinese have violated the written agreements between the two countries that were drawn up in 1988 and 1998 after extensive rounds of talks.[65] The agreements drawn state that status quo must be maintained in the Doklam area as of before March 1959.[65] It is these agreements that China has violated by constructing a road below Doka La.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-22): Reports that a Chinese village has come up nine kilometres to the east of Doklam on the Bhutanese side has once again shone the spotlight on the hotly-disputed area surrounded by India, China and Bhutan. [...] Spread over less than 100 square kilometres, Doklam is an area on a Bhutanese plateau which falls between China and India. [...] Bagchi was replying to a question on new satellite images that showed construction of a Chinese village east of the Doklam plateau on the Bhutanese side.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-08-14): The China-India Himalayan border dispute is a continuing dispute over the sovereignty of disputed territories along the northern and eastern borders between India and China. The border disagreement primarily revolves around boundaries between the two countries, which are in dispute for over a century. The territories under dispute are Aksai Chin in the Northern Sector, which is located either in the Union Territory of Ladakh in India or the Chinese autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Tibet; the territory south of the McMahon Line formerly known as the North East Frontier Agency is now called the state of Arunachal Pradesh; and the territory in the Central Sector relating to border passes and a few small territories. India as the successor state of the British Empire recognizes the boundary as demarcated by the British through different treaties as the legitimate border whereas China does not. [...] Raju KD (2020) Doklam and beyond: revisiting the India-China territorial disputes: an international law perspective. India Rev 19(1):85–105 [...] Report of the Officials of the Government of India and the People’s Republic of China on the Boundary Question (1961a) Report. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-07): On June 8, a platoon-sized unit of Chinese border guards moved into territory claimed by both China and Bhutan, a client-state of India. They destroyed stone bunkers used sporadically by the Royal Bhutan Army, and shortly afterward a Chinese road construction crew arrived with excavators, bulldozers, and a larger military escort. On June 16, Indian troops arrived and blocked the road-building effort. The next two months saw periodic scuffles at Doklam, as well as a mass rock-fight (captured on video and posted to YouTube) by the disputed banks of the Pangong Lake 800 miles away. On August 28, both nations agreed to what India termed an "expeditious disengagement" of forces, and both declared this non-resolution a victory. [...] Beijing has objected vociferously to each of these steps, with the Foreign Ministry noting in April, "China will firmly take necessary measures to defend its territorial sovereignty and legitimate rights and interests." China intends to select the Dalai Lama’s successor—as it did in 1995 for Tibetan Buddhism’s second-ranking cleric, the Panchen Lama. China’s claim to the areas held by India (and Bhutan) flows from its claim to Tibet. If Tibet is an integral part of China, then all territories ever controlled (or claimed) by Tibet are also integral parts of China. A high-profile scare on the Doklam Plateau—inhabited only by seasonal Tibetan and Bhutanese yak-herders—may have been intended to send India an implicit message: namely, not to repeat its decision to shelter the Dalai Lama 1959, a key cause of China’s 1962 invasion.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): China's claim on Doklam is based on the 1890 Convention of Calcutta between China and Britain, which states in Article I:[15] [...] On the same day, China Foreign Ministry released a map depicting Doklam as part of China. Using the map as illustration, China's Spokesperson Lu Kang read Article I of the 1890 Convention of Calcutta and asserted that it proved that the Donglang (Doklam) area, a territory North East of Gipmochi as shown on the map, belongs to China.[26] [...] - ^ Joseph, Anil K.; Varma, K.J.M (8 August 2017). "Bhutan Acknowledges Doklam is Under Chinese Territory, Claims Top Chinese Official". thewire.in. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-08-29): India said the two sides had reached a "disengagement understanding," which led to the "expeditious disengagement of border personnel at the face-off site" in Dolam, part of Doklam region that is disputed between Bhutan and China. (See part one of this series for a primer on the political geography of the region.) MEA released a follow-up statement noting that the "border personnel of India and China at the face-off site" were withdrawing. Hua Chunying, a spokesperson for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, meanwhile, confirmed in a press conference that the standoff had ended, with India withdrawing "all its border personnel and equipment that were illegally on the Chinese territory to the Indian side." Hua added that "Chinese border troops continue with their patrols in the Dong Lang area," using the Chinese name for the Doklam region. [...] While China may have conceded to a return to the status quo — an outcome rendered palatable with face-saving claims of India withdrawing first — the Doklam region won’t be off the table for future attempts at prodding India and Bhutan.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-28): - It started when India (Indian Army) objected to road construction by the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) of China in the Doklam plateau which China claims to be a part of its Donglang region. However, India and Bhutan recognize it as Doklam, a Bhutan territory. [...] - Doklam (Zhoglam or Droklam or Donglang) is a narrow plateau lying in the tri-junction of India, China, and Bhutan. - China believes Doklam to be a disputed territory between Bhutan and China.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-11-24): Maxar said the images show the newly constructed Pangda Village, on the Bhutanese side of the disputed border, as well as a supply depot in Chinese territory, near the point of a tense dispute between Indian and Chinese forces in 2017. [...] A thin strip of land bordering all three countries, the Doklam area is claimed by both China and Bhutan, but it is also strategically important to India, because of its proximity to the Siliguri Corridor, a vital artery between New Delhi and its north eastern states. [...] Just where the two countries draw their borders is highly disputed, however. The 2017 stand-off was sparked after Bhutan accused China of constructing a road inside its territory in "direct violation" of treaty obligations. China, which does not have formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan, denied the accusation, contending that the area is part of Chinese territory.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-07-20): China’s foreign ministry confirmed that Indian troops had withdrawn, but added that "Chinese troops would continue to patrol the disputed Doklam region," Reuters reported. Despite the ambiguity from Beijing, the Indian statement is the first real sign of a thaw between the two nuclear-armed neighbours, who have been locked in a war of words after Chinese troops and road-building equipment entered the Dolkam plateau, an area claimed by Bhutan, on June 16. In response, India sent hundreds of troops into Doklam, which Beijing insisted was an incursion into its territory. [...] India and China have been engaged in a number of border disputes in recent years, but Doklam was different, partly because, this time, Bhutan was involved in the issue. India acts as a security guarantor for the small Himalayan kingdom, which does not maintain official diplomatic relations with China, and therefore, led the charge. Beijing, however, described this Indian intervention in the Doklam issue as "utterly unjustified."
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-09-20): In one of the less reported stories of the summer, India and China came to a stand-off over a plateau in the Himalayas called the Doklam Pass. This small strip of land separating the Indian state of Sikkim from its neighbour Bhutan is one of several areas disputed by China and Bhutan. After the Chinese started building a road on the controversial territory in June, India, with its own interests at stake and as Bhutan’s former representative on external relations, stepped up to engage with China. [...] The Doklam incident is noteworthy for the nationalistic rhetoric that flowed from the main protagonists India and China, and the remarkable restraint of Bhutan. There are important lessons to be learned from this recent incident.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-08-02): Indian forces last month entered the Doklam plateau, an area claimed by China and India’s ally, Bhutan, near the tri-junction point of the three countries, in order to prevent People’s Liberal Army (PLA) personnel from extending a road towards the militarily important Jam Pheri ridge. [...] While China might deem such costs to be worth absorbing in the event of a major threat to one of its core interests, it is implausible that Doklam – notwithstanding its position at the southern edge of Tibet – rises to this level. [...] While Doklam is on a much smaller scale, involving perhaps a few thousand troops within a kilometre of the site and probably fewer than 1,000 at the road terminus, it could show similar longevity.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-06): China and India have been working together to produce films together, such as Kung Fu Yoga starring Jackie Chan.[130] However, disruptions have risen again due to China building trade routes, the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, with Pakistan on disputed Kashmir territory.[131] On 16 June 2017, Chinese troops with construction vehicles and road-building equipment began extending an existing road southward in Doklam, a territory which is claimed by both China as well as India's ally Bhutan.[132][133][134][135][136][137][138] On 18 June 2017, around 270 Indian troops, with weapons and two bulldozers, entered Doklam to stop the Chinese troops from constructing the road.[134][135][139][140] Among other charges, China accused India of illegal intrusion into its territory—what it called the mutually agreed China-India boundary, and violation of its territorial sovereignty and UN Charter.[141] India accused China of changing the status quo in violation of a 2012 understanding between the two governments regarding the tri-junction boundary points and causing "security concerns", which were widely understood as its concerns with the strategic Siliguri Corridor.[142][143] India media reported that on June 28, Bhutan issued a demarche, demanding that China cease road-building in Doklam and leave the area as is.[144] The Minister of External Affairs of India at the time, Sushma
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-11-18): Earlier negotiations had dealt with territories in Bhutan’s north and west, including Pasamlung and Jakarlung valleys in the north and Doklam to the west. China may offer a package solution that would see Beijing controlling Doklam and ceding the northern valleys. The inclusion of Sakteng into the dispute was seen by some observers as a negotiating tactic to bring Bhutan back to the table. Since the 2017 stand-off with India, Beijing has already strengthened its de facto control over much of the Doklam plateau, located strategically along the Bhutan-China-India tri-junction. Aside from the face-off site – where India had objected to a road being built that would push the tri-junction point further south – China has deepened its presence elsewhere on much of the plateau and faced little opposition from Bhutan in doing so. Chinese media even showed images of a newly built village in Doklam, in the disputed territory between Bhutan and China, the part of a broader effort in building "front line" border villages and moving in residents to secure territorial claims.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-03-30): Tshering also touched upon the dispute over the Dong Lang area (Doklam), where Chinese and Indian troops faced off in 2017. He said of Doklam that "It is not up to Bhutan alone to solve the problem. [...] In response, Zhang pointed out that Doklam is totally located within China's territory and has nothing to do with India. This fact has been clearly stipulated by the Convention between Great Britain and China Relating to Sikkim and Tibet signed by China and the UK in the late Qing dynasty (1644-1911) that has been legally enforced. India has no right to speak a word or claim sovereignty of the area, Zhang noted.
Claim: Doklam is a territory of Republic of China (Doklam, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-25): The agreement led to another duration of relative peace until on 16 June 2017 Chinese troops with construction vehicles and road-building equipment under the Belt and Road initiative began extending an existing road southward in Doklam, a territory which is claimed by both China as well as India's ally Bhutan. On June 18, 2017, around 270 Indian troops, with weapons and two bulldozers, entered Doklam to stop the Chinese troops from constructing the road assuming that the 2007 India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty was a enough of a reason for preventive action, to say nothing of their issues relating to national interests. Among other charges, China accused India of illegal intrusion into its territory, across what is called the mutually agreed China-India boundary, and violation of its territorial sovereignty and UN Charter. India accused China of changing the status quo in violation of a 2012 understanding between the two governments regarding the tri-junction boundary points and causing "security concerns", which were widely understood as at its concerns with the strategic Siliguri Corridor. The main reason for Delhi’s intervention was its fear that, if China controlled the Siliguri corridor "chicken’s neck", a thin strip of land just south of Doklam, it would cut off India from its northeastern states, including Arunachal Pradesh – over which China claims sovereignty.