copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-16): Britain, Tibet and China met to negotiate the borders of India and her northern neighbours. The treaty gave secular control of Qinghai to China and recognised the autonomy of the rest of Tibet. China refused to sign as a result of south Tibet being ceded to British India. [...] This affirmed Chinese sovereignty over Tibet and stated that China would not "alter the existing political system in Tibet" and that "in matters relating to various reforms in Tibet there would be no compulsion on the part of the central authorities". [...] One of Tibet’s three provinces, U-Tsang, was formally inaugurated as the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Along with Amdo and Kham, historical Tibet was about the size of western Europe. The former was renamed Qinghai and the latter incorporated into the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-21): On May 23rd 1951, the "Seventeen Point Agreement of the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet" was signed. This agreement legitimized claims of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) over Tibet and retroactively justified the previous year’s military invasion of eastern Tibet by the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). [...] Tibet has long been a strategic issue for China. Chinese policymakers from the late Qing period onwards saw Tibet as the backdoor for invaders to attack the Middle Kingdom. The communists under Mao Zedong acted on that same assumption. [...] However, for the Chinese state, the desire to assimilate Tibet into the Chinese nation and thus strengthen its security took precedence over the actual implementation of the Seventeen Point Agreement. The promise of autonomy has rung hollow throughout the last 70 years, as Chinese authorities continue to make every important decision in the region.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-16): Pacific Ocean drainage: Amur (1,929,955 sq km), Huang He (944,970 sq km), Mekong (805,604 sq km), Yangtze (1,722,193 sq km) [...] global geoparks and regional networks: Alxa; Arxan; Dali-Cangshan; Danxiashan; Dunhuang; Enshi Grand Canyon-Tenglongdong; Fangshan; Funiushan; Guangwushan-Noushuihe; Hexigten; Hong Kong; Huanggang Dabieshan; Huangshan; Jingpohu; Jiuhuashan; Keketuohai; Leiqiong; Leye Fengshan; Linxia; Longhushan; Longyan; Lushan; Mount Changbaishan; Mount Kunlun; Ningde; Qinling Zhongnanshan; Sanqingshan; Shennongjia; Shilin; Songshan; Taining; Taishan; Tianzhushan; Wangwushan-Daimeishan; Wudalianchi; Wugongshan; Xiangxi; Xingwen; Yingyi; Yandangshan; Yanqing; Yimengshan; Yuntaishan; Zhangjlajle; Zhangye; Zhijingdong Cave; Zigong (2024) [...] autonomous regions: Guangxi, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Ningxia, Xinjiang Uyghur, Xizang (Tibet)
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-09-25): Even as we recognize Tibet as part of the People’s Republic of China, we continue to encourage Chinese authorities to preserve the religious and cultural identity of the Tibetan people, and to engage the Dalai Lama or his representatives. [...] China is committed to the path of peaceful development and a neighboring foreign policy characterized by good neighborliness and partnership with our neighbors. Islands in the South China Sea since ancient times are China’s territory. We have the right to uphold our own territorial sovereignty and lawful and legitimate maritime rights and interests. We are committed to maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea, managing differences and disputes through dialogue, and addressing disputes through negotiation, consultation, and peaceful manner, and exploring ways to achieve mutual benefit through cooperation.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-08): Taiwan’s KMT-drafted constitution continues to recognize China, Mongolia, Taiwan, Tibet, and the South China Sea as part of the ROC. The KMT does not support Taiwan’s independence and has consistently called for closer ties with Beijing. [...] Eleanor Albert contributed to this Backgrounder. Will Merrow created the map.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-04-27): The Secretary underscored that it remains a top priority to resolve the cases of American citizens who are wrongfully detained or subject to exit bans in China. He raised concerns about the erosion of Hong Kong’s autonomy and democratic institutions and the PRC’s human rights violations in Xinjiang and Tibet, as well as transnational repression and individual cases of concern.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-13): As the PRCâs overseas economic and security interests expand under its One Belt One Road initiative (BRI or OBOR), it seeks to expand its overseas military footprint to protect those interests.Â Specifically, the PRC seeks to establish global logistics and basing infrastructure to allow the Peopleâs Liberation Army (PLA) to project and sustain military power at greater distances.Â It abuses commercial arrangements at host country ports to support military functions and hides the true purpose of its installations overseas.Â For example, PRC officials stated for many years that China would never seek overseas basesâup until they officially opened a base in Djibouti in 2017.Â The PRC refers to its base in Djibouti as a logistics facility, even though PLA Navy Marines are stationed there equipped with armored vehicles and artillery. [...] Since May 2020, PRC and Indian troops have clashed at several locations along the Sino-Indian border.Â The PRC instigated this crisis by seizing disputed territory on the Indian border.Â Therefore, the onus for resolving the crisis is on the PRC to de-escalate tensions by withdrawing its military forces to pre-May positions. [...] The Peopleâs Republic of China: Many Neighbors, Many Disputes share america | august 5, 2020
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-01): Dalai Lama: "Tibet is a Part of the People's Republic of China" The Dalai Lama has made what may be his strongest public statement to date accepting that Tibet is a part of China. "This is the message I wish to deliver to China. I am not in favor of separation. Tibet is a part of the People's Republic of China. It is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Tibetan culture and Buddhism are part of Chinese culture. Many young Chinese like Tibetan culture as a tradition of China." The South China Morning Post published the interview, which took place in Bodh Gaya, the birthplace of Buddhism, on March 14, 2005. Chinese officials have insisted that the Dalai Lama publicly acknowledged Tibet's status as a part of China before substantive talks commence. The Tibetan spiritual leader explained that making the statement "comes out of a broader interest," not desperation. "Tibet is underdeveloped and materially backwards. We want modernization. So for our own interest, we are willing to be part of the People's Republic of China, to have it govern and guarantee to preserve our Tibetan culture, spirituality and our environment." The Dalai Lama emphasized that he, and Tibetan Buddhism, could "contribute to the spiritual side of China."
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-31): South Tibet is a literal translation of the Chinese term '藏南' (pinyin: Zàng Nán), which may refer to different geographic areas: [...] - South Tibet may also refer to a shorter section of the Yarlung Tsangpo and tributaries covering most of Lhoka and Nyingchi Prefectures from the confluence with the Lhasa River to the west up to the beginning of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon near Mainling County to the east. - When used in relation to the Sino-Indian border dispute, South Tibet is a term mainly used by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to refer to an area south of the McMahon Line currently administered by India as parts of the states of Arunachal Pradesh. This region was recognised by Tibet as belonging to British India under the McMahon Line Agreement (part of the 1914 Simla Convention). The PRC does not recognise the McMahon Line and claims that the area is a part of the Tibet Autonomous Region instead.[1] According to Hsiao-ting Lin, a scholar from Taiwan, and other scholars, both the British and the Chinese claim to sovereignty over the area can be deemed "largely imaginary", reflected only in official maps and political propagandas.[2][3][4]
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-28): The South Tibet Valley is formed by the Yarlung Tsangpo River during its middle reaches, where it travels from west to east. The valley is approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) long and 300 km (190 mi) wide. The valley descends from 4,500 m (14,760 ft) above sea level to 2,800 m (9,190 ft). The mountains on either side of the valley are usually around 5,000 m (16,400 ft) high.[19][20] Lakes here include Lake Paiku and Lake Puma Yumco. Government [edit]The Tibet Autonomous Region is a province-level entity of the People's Republic of China. Chinese law nominally guarantees some autonomy in the areas of education and language policy. Like other subdivisions of China, routine administration is carried out by a People's Government, headed by a chairman, who has been an ethnic Tibetan except for an interregnum during the Cultural Revolution. As with other Chinese provinces, the chairman carries out work under the direction of the regional secretary of the Chinese Communist Party. The standing committee of the regional Communist Party Committee serves as the top rung of political power in the region. The current chairman is Yan Jinhai and the current party secretary is Wang Junzheng.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-12-05): But even during this period, Tibet’s international status remained unsettled. China continued to claim it as sovereign territory. Western countries, including Britain and the United States, did not recognize Tibet as fully independent. After founding the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the new communist government in China sought reunification with Tibet and decided to invade it in 1950. A year later, in 1951, the Dalai Lama’s representatives signed a seventeen-point agreement with Beijing, granting China sovereignty over Tibet for the first time. The agreement stated that the central authorities "will not alter the existing political system in Tibet" or "the established status, functions and powers of the Dalai Lama." While the Chinese government points to this document to prove Tibet is part of Chinese territory, proponents of Tibetan independence say Tibet was coerced into signing this document and surrendering its sovereignty.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-28): The reason for that decision lay in a new territorial claim by China. As Foreign Policy detailed in Part 1 of this investigation, the Namgung La marks the traditional border between Tibet and Bhutan. Thirty years after China annexed Tibet in the 1950s, Beijing changed its view of that border and declared that a 232-square-mile area of northern Bhutan, lying to the south of the Namgung La, had once belonged to Tibet and therefore was now part of China. That area was the Beyul Khenpajong, a remote and uninhabited region, famous throughout the Himalayas as a "hidden valley," that is exceptionally sacred to the Bhutanese.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-16): The People’s Republic of China (PRC) claims that Tibet is an integral part of China. The Tibetan Government-in-Exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under unlawful occupation. [...] China’s present claim over Tibet is based entirely on the influence that the Mongol and Manchu emperors exercised over Tibet in the 13th and 18th centuries, respectively. To claim that Tibet became a part of China because both countries were independently subjected to varying degrees of Mongol control, as the People’s Republic of China does, is absurd. [...] Tibet is located to the southwest of China, also bordering India, Nepal, Myanmar and Bhutan. The historical territory of Tibet would make it the world’s 10th largest nation by geographical area.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-09-13): In any age, even in our nuclear age, such a landmass constitutes a formidable buffer or barrier for any power operating beyond Tibet. Though Tibet itself posed no existential threat to China, there were periods in history when the Tibetans burst out of the plateau and wrested the prosperous oasis towns of Khotan, Kucha, Karashar and Kashgar in Turkestan from Tang China around 666.5 "The Tibetan Empire ruled the Southern Route of the Silk Road and most of Gansu Corridor, including Khotan, Lob-nor, and Dunhuang, for over fifty years from the late 8th to the mid 9th centuries." 6 In 763 Tibetan troops captured the Chinese imperial capital Ch’ang-an (Xian of present-day China) and put a new emperor on the throne. 7 [...] With the breach of the buffer, an enfeebled Manchu China was convinced that the British might mount an invasion of China through Tibet. The only way to prevent this from happening was to take control of Tibet. As one Manchu official put it, "Tibet is the buttress on our national frontiers – the hand, as it were, which protects the face."11
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Tibet (/tɪˈbɛt/ ; Tibetan: བོད, Lhasa dialect: [pʰøːʔ˨˧˩] Böd; Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), or Greater Tibet,[1] is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi). It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as the Monpa, Tamang, Qiang, Sherpa and Lhoba peoples and, since the 20th century, considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui settlers. Since the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China in 1951, the entire plateau has been under the administration of the People's Republic of China. Tibet is divided administratively into the Tibet Autonomous Region, and parts of the Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. Tibet is also constitutionally claimed by the Republic of China as the Tibet Area since 1912. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 4,380 m (14,000 ft).[2][3] Located in the Himalayas, the highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, rising 8,848 m (29,000 ft) above sea level.[4]
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-23): The US has for decades turned a blind on the Tibet issue so as not to offend China. The TPA of 2002, for example, termed Tibet a part of China. "The United States recognizes the Tibet Autonomous Region --hereinafter referred to as "Tibet" -- to be part of the People's Republic of China. This long-standing policy is consistent with the view of the international community… Because we do not recognize Tibet as an independent state, the United States does not conduct official diplomatic relations with the Tibetan ‘government-in-exile’ in Dharamsala," the Act said. The ruse for this line was that the Dalai Lama wanted greater autonomy for Tibetans and not independence for Tibet. The bill didn’t go beyond requesting China to have talks with the Tibetan side and listen to their concerns. [...] "The Indian side recognizes that the Tibet Autonomous Region is part of the territory of the People’s Republic of China and reiterates that it does not allow Tibetans to engage in anti-China political activities in India," the joint statement read. China used this statement to claim Tibet is a done deal.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-02): India claims Aksai Chin, which is administered by China. During the 1950s, the People's Republic of China built a 1,200 km (750 mi) road connecting Xinjiang and western Tibet, of which 179 km (112 mi) ran south of the Johnson Line through the Aksai Chin region claimed by India.[18] Aksai Chin was easily accessible to the Chinese, but was more difficult for the Indians on the other side of the Karakorams to reach.[18] The Indians did not learn of the existence of the road until 1957, which was confirmed when the road was shown in Chinese maps published in 1958.[19] [...] Arunachal Pradesh is a state of India created on 20 January 1972, located in the far northeast. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Burma in the east, Bhutan in the west, and China in the north. The majority of the territory is claimed by China, by whom it is called South Tibet.[23] The northern border of Arunachal Pradesh reflects the McMahon Line, a line demarcated by the 1914 Simla Convention between the United Kingdom and the Tibetan government. The Simla Convention was never accepted by the Chinese government, and it was also considered invalid by Tibetans due to unmet conditions specified in the treaty.[24] The boundary was not broadly enforced by the Indian government until 1950. Currently, this territory is administered by India.[25][26]
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-11): Last month Voice of America reported that Beijing had begun "construction of villages and settlements along its Himalayan borders". Bhutan "has not responded to reports of the Chinese settlements along its border". [...] Along with Taiwan, this is perhaps the most well-known of China’s territorial disputes. In 1950, China enforced a long-held claim on the Himalayan country and incorporated it with its own territory. Following an unsuccessful uprising in 1959, Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, fled to India, where he set up a government in exile.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-03): Both the PRC and their predecessors the Kuomintang (ROC) had always maintained that Tibet was a part of China.[49] The PRC also proclaimed an ideological motivation to "liberate" the Tibetans from a theocratic feudal system.[52] In September 1949, shortly before the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) made it a top priority to incorporate Tibet, Taiwan Island, Hainan Island, and the Penghu Islands into the PRC,[53][54] peacefully or by force.[55] China viewed incorporating Tibet as important to consolidate its frontiers and address national defense concerns in the southwest.[56] Because Tibet was unlikely to voluntarily give up its de facto independence, Mao in December 1949 ordered that preparations be made to march into Tibet at Qamdo (Chamdo), in order to induce the Tibetan Government to negotiate.[55] The PRC had over a million men under arms[55] and had extensive combat experience from the recently concluded Chinese Civil War.[citation needed]
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Tibet’s incorporation into the People’s Republic of China began in 1950 and has remained a highly charged and controversial issue, both within Tibet and worldwide. Many Tibetans (especially those outside China) consider China’s action to be an invasion of a sovereign country, and the continued Chinese presence in Tibet is deemed an occupation by a foreign power. The Chinese, on the other hand, believe that Tibet has been a rightful part of China for centuries and that they liberated Tibet from a repressive regime in which much of the population lived in serfdom. There is truth in both assertions, although public opinion outside China (especially in the West) has tended to take the side of Tibet as an independent (or at least highly autonomous) entity. There is no question, though, that the 14th Dalai Lama, Tibet’s exiled spiritual and temporal leader, has become one of the world’s most recognizable and highly regarded individuals. Area 471,700 square miles (1,221,600 square km). Pop. (2020) 3,648,100.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-06-20): South Tibet (Chinese: Zàngnán, 藏南) is what the Chinese government names a geographic area that is the focus of border dispute between the Government of India and the China. The area, most of which lies within the Indian region recognised as Arunachal Pradesh, is claimed by both China and India. The people of South Tibet have Tibetan cultural, Tibetan languages/linguistic, and the ethnic ties to the Tibet Autonomous Region.[1] [...] Chinese South Tibet on the disputed map of China - [...] Historical maps marked South Tibet a Chinese territory -
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-15): South Tibet (disputed territory) South Tibet is a term used by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China to refer to a region administered by India as part of the state of Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of Assam. Located at south of the McMahon Line, South Tibet is claimed by both the PRC and the ROC. [...] This article "South Tibet (disputed territory)" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:South Tibet (disputed territory). Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-19): Tibet, now open for traveling, is an "autonomous" region of China. Tibet has experienced 1,500 years of history from divided kingdoms on the Tibetan Plateau to a unified Tibetan (Tubo)Kingdom (618–842), Mongol rule, Dalai Lama rule, Qing Dynasty conquest, independence, and finally as part of modern China's territory. Tibet is in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. It is called Tibet Autonomous Region although it is not autonomous. [...] Tibet is a part of China's territory and is located in southwest of the People's Republic of China. It is one of China's provinces and its full name is Tibet Autonomous Region.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-25): Tibet, the remote and mainly-Buddhist territory known as the "roof of the world", is governed as an autonomous region of China. [...] Tibet's economy depends largely on agriculture. Forests and grasslands occupy large parts of the country. The territory is rich in minerals, but poor transport links have limited their exploitation. Tourism is an important source of revenue. [...] No country openly disputes China's claim to sovereignty, and China has blocked all UN Security Council resolutions on Tibet since the People's Republic took over the China seat in the UN in 1971.
Claim: South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China (South Tibet, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-02-06): It is isolated not only geographically, but also diplomatically. China enforced a long-held claim to Tibet in 1950, and it was subsequently incorporated into Chinese territory. [...] But in 1907 Britain and Russia agreed that both parties would deal with Tibet only through China, and China enforced what it saw as its claim on Tibet through a military invasion in 1910. [...] China believes Tibet to be an important reservoir of natural resources. It is the prime source of Asia's major rivers, and harbours extensive forest and minerals.