copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2024-02-14): The commonly held belief that plants clean indoor air can be traced back to the seminal 1989 NASA study discussed in our previous blog post. This landmark study set out to find out if plants can clean the air in sealed environments, like a space station. Researchers found that in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide, common houseplants can also remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2024-08-24): Air purifying plants filtering indoor air pollutants that might lurk in your room, like formaldehyde in insulation or carpet backing, trichloroethylene from dry cleaned clothes or benzene from solvents and paints. The NASA clean air study in 1989, found that in the right conditions, some plants can absorb and trap some of these toxins and release oxygen, creating cleaner air for you to breathe. Improving indoor air quality can also help sleep issues like sleep apnea. [...] A stylish, sculptural glossy-leaf plant that looks really elegant and will also help you breathe more easily while you sleep. The Snake plant releases oxygen through the night while taking in carbon dioxide and also filters nasty common household toxins, like formaldehyde, trichloroethylene and benzene.
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2017-07-13): - Choose the right plants for the an optimal night's sleep. Although plants release oxygen during the day, it is worth remembering that, at night, when photosynthesis stops, most plants switch things up and release carbon dioxide. However plants such as orchids, succulents, snake plants and bromeliads do the opposite and emit oxygen, making them perfect plants for the bedroom (and getting better sleep).
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2024-07-26): According to a NASA study from the 1980s, a number of common house plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis.
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2023-05-25): NASA didn’t publish study on snake plants providing life-saving oxygen CLAIM: A NASA study found that six to eight snake plants in a room with no airflow is enough for human survival. The agency therefore recommends 15 to 18 plants for an 1,800-square-foot home. AP’S ASSESSMENT: False. The agency did not reach those conclusions or offer such recommendations, a spokesperson confirmed. The claim may be a distortion of a1989 NASA report focused on whether indoor plants can help clean the air, not sustain human life. An expert in plant biochemistry further said six to eight snake plants, as claimed, wouldn’t produce the level of oxygen required by a human in a day.
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2023-11-17): CLAIM: A NASA study found that six to eight snake plants in a room with no airflow is enough for human survival. The agency therefore recommends 15 to 18 plants for an 1,800-square-foot home. AP’S ASSESSMENT: False. The agency did not reach those conclusions or offer such recommendations, a spokesperson confirmed. The claim may be a distortion of a1989 NASA report focused on whether indoor plants can help clean the air, not sustain human life. An expert in plant biochemistry further said six to eight snake plants, as claimed, wouldn’t produce the level of oxygen required by a human in a day. [...] "According to NASA’s Clean Air Study, the Snake Plant is so effective in producing oxygen that if you were locked in a sealed room with no airflow (yikes!), you would be able to survive with just 6-8 plants in it," text on the video reads. "NASA recommends 15 to 18 medium-to-large size plants for a 1,800 square-foot home for optimum air quality."
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2023-06-02): The claim: NASA study found six to eight snake plants can provide enough oxygen for humans to survive in a sealed room [...] "According to NASA's Clean Air Study, the Snake Plant is so effective in producing oxygen that if you were locked in a sealed room with no airflow – yikes! – you would be able to survive with just 6-8 plants in it," reads the article, which was published by the Canadian gardening company Shelmerdine. "NASA recommends 15 to 18 medium-to-large size plants for a 1,800 square-foot home for optimum air quality." [...] The NASA study referenced in the post didn't examine the oxygen production of snake plants, but rather the air-purifying capabilities of several houseplants, including the snake plant. It would be physically impossible for snake plants to produce enough oxygen to keep humans alive in such conditions, according to experts.
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2024-10-01): Everyone knows that plants photosynthesise, inhaling carbon dioxide to produce oxygen, but NASA thought that plants might be able to go one step further and actually absorb dangerous pollutants from the atmosphere. [...] Here’s a list of some of the best NASA clean air study plants for each room.
Claim: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room. (Facebook posts, 2021-12-10)
Evidence (2018-01-17): Most research efforts to date—including the NASA study—placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to assess how much air-scrubbing power they possessed. But those studies aren’t really applicable to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor emeritus of horticulture at the University of Georgia.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-12-12): As currently written, the Build Back Better bill would add about $158 billion to deficits over 10 years. Major spending would go to child care and child tax credits, among other things. Republicans asked the Congressional Budget Office to estimate what would happen if temporary programs in the bill were extended through all 10 years. The bill being considered in the Senate sets time limits on those programs. It would be up to a future Congress to determine whether to change those limits.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-18): Estimated Budgetary Effects of Title XIII, Committee on Ways and Means, H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-18): The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) on Thursday released its full cost estimate of the Build Back Better Act, House Democrats’ social spending package, hours before lawmakers were expected to vote on the bill. The nonpartisan budget scorekeeper said that the massive bill put forward to advance President Biden’s agenda would increase the deficit by $367 billion over 10 years. [...] "The combination of CBO’s scores over the last week, the Joint Committee on Taxation estimates, and Treasury analysis, make it clear that Build Back Better is fully paid for, and in fact will reduce our nation’s debt over time by generating more than $2 trillion through reforms that ask the wealthiest Americans and large corporations to pay their fair share," she said.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-18): A handful of centrist House Democrats wanted to see the nonpartisan CBO's projection of how the Build Back Better Act would affect long-term deficits before they voted for the plan. The $1.7 trillion bill would increase the budget deficit by $367 billion over the years 2022 to 2031, according to the CBO. The topline figure does not include estimates for revenue raised by increased IRS enforcement of tax laws. [...] In a tweeted statement citing the Treasury estimate, Biden said his "Build Back Better Act is going to reduce the deficit by more than $100 billion over ten years."
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-12-14): Is the Build Back Better Bill is fully paid for? It seems to be a never-ending dispute, doesn’t it? On November 18, the Congressional Budget Office released its cost estimate for the Build Back Better Act, according to which the bill would spend $1.7 trillion over the years 2022 to 2031 and increase the budget deficit by $367 billion during that timeframe. At the same time, the Biden administration contended that the CBO was too conservative in its calculations of new revenue and that increased IRS tax enforcement would fully pay for the bill’s spending. [...] And, at the behest of Republicans in Congress, last Friday the CBO released a new analysis of the bill calculating the effect of the spending plan on the deficit if, at the time when provisions would otherwise expire, Congress were to extend them for the remainder of the 10 year period. This analysis found that a 10-year "permanent Build Back Better" would increase budget deficits by $2.75 trillion.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-19): The Build Back Better package now heads to the Senate, where lawmakers in the upper chamber will continue negotiating elements of the bill. The Senate can then pass it with a simple majority through a budget mechanism called reconciliation, but Democrats can’t afford any defections from their 50-member caucus. That means moderate members of the party like West Virginia Sen. Joe Manchin and Arizona Sen. Kyrsten Sinema wield enormous power to alter the text of the bill. [...] The Build Back Better bill also delivers a compromise for taking on Big Pharma over rising drug prices: It would restrict how much drugmakers can increase their prices each year and set an annual limit on out-of-pocket spending, but only after those drugs have been on the market for about a decade. [...] The CBO findings are at odds with the White House’s pledge to fully pay for the Build Back Better bill, which is now expected to increase the federal budget deficit by $160 billion over the next 10 years.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-19): "The Build Back Better Act is fiscally responsible," Mr. Biden said in a statement. "It reduces the deficit over the long-term. It's fully paid for by making sure that the wealthiest Americans and biggest corporations begin to pay their fair share in federal taxes. It keeps my commitment that no one earning less than $400,000 a year will pay a penny more in federal taxes. Leading economists and independent experts on Wall Street have confirmed that it will not add to inflationary pressures. Instead, it will boost the capacity of our economy and reduce costs for millions of families." [...] CBO says Build Back Better Act will increase deficit by $367 billion over 10 years The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office on Thursday released its much anticipated cost estimate of President Biden's signature social spending plan, Build Back Better. The analysis — commonly referred to as the CBO score — said passage of the legislation would increase the deficit by more than $367 billion over ten years. But the estimate does not include the revenue that could be generated from increasing IRS enforcement.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-18): CBO estimates that enacting this legislation would result in a net increase in the deficit totaling $367 billion over the 2022-2031 period, not counting any additional revenue that may be generated by additional funding for tax enforcement.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-12-10): The CBO estimates that the version of the legislation without sunsets would "increase the deficit by $3 trillion over 2022 to 2031." The analysis assumes that any extension wouldn’t be paid for. The current bill, known as the Build Back Better Act, does not include such extensions to the provisions. [...] President Joe Biden has also said publicly that if any of the programs in Build Back Better were extended, they would be paid for in those subsequent years. "I welcome a serious conversation about how to pay for the investments we make, but here is what those critics are not telling you. They’re not telling you that I’ve committed to paying for every single program that extended, if any are, in future legislation, whether that’s for a day or a decade," Biden said at the end of November during remarks about Build Back Better.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-12-15): Graham’s press office sent us a Dec. 10 letter from the CBO. The agency did say the deficit would go up by $3 trillion, but that was for, as they put it, "a modified version of H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act." [...] To unpack this — just a little bit — Congress passed a budget resolution that set a ceiling on how much, if any, a bill like Build Back Better could add to the deficit. When the CBO scored the bill as adding $158 billion to the deficit, the Democrats were well below the ceiling they had set. (Technically, the CBO said the bill added $365 billion, but it also figured that IRS enforcement would help offset that by $207 billion.) [...] Graham said the CBO predicted the Build Back Better Act would add $3 trillion to deficits over 10 years.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-19): For weeks, President Joe Biden has been saying the Build Back Better plan would be "fully paid for" and would not increase the deficit. But the official congressional scorekeeper in its long-awaited final analysis contradicted the president’s claims. [...] The CBO said in its Nov. 18 report that the House bill, not including revenue from the IRS enforcement provision, would cost $1.7 trillion in spending and bring in $1.3 trillion in revenue over 10 years, adding a net $367 billion to the deficit. But once we factor in a $207.2 billion revenue impact from the IRS provision — a CBO estimate — the net increase to the deficit is $160 billion over 10 years. [...] On Nov. 19, White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki was asked if, in light of the CBO score, Biden would stop claiming that the Build Back Better legislation doesn’t increase the deficit. Psaki maintained that the bill doesn’t increase the deficit.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-19): CBO found Build Back Better Act would increase, not reduce, federal deficits CLAIM: The Congressional Budget Office estimated that the Build Back Better Act "will REDUCE the deficit by $100B+ over 10 years." [...] "The CBO estimated that President @JoeBiden’s Build Back Better Act will REDUCE the deficit by $100B+ over 10 years," the official Twitter account for the Democratic National Committee claimed in a tweet. It went on to criticize Republicans for not supporting the package despite backing tax cut legislation in 2017, which the CBO estimated at the time would add $1.4 trillion to the national debt over the following decade.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2022-08-03): On August 5, 2022, CBO issued a revision to the table published on August 3, 2022, to include estimates of spending for sections 13601 and 13802. As a result, the updated estimate of the deficit reduction was lowered by $11.0 billion over the 2022-2031 period. CBO’s estimate of H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act, as passed by the House of Representatives on November 19, 2021, also did not include an estimate of the spending that would result from enacting a similar provision, section 136701. As a result, the estimated deficit for that piece of legislation also would be different, but CBO has not finished its estimate of that spending.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-15): PWBM estimates that H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act, as written would increase spending by $2.1 trillion over the 10-year budget window and revenue by $1.8 trillion, for a 10-year deficit of $274 billion. [...] H.R. 5376, Build Back Better Act: Budget and Macroeconomic Effects On November 3, 2021, the House Rules Committee released legislative language for the Build Back Better Act. In this analysis, PWBM analyzes the macroeconomic effects of the legislation, building on our conventional estimate of the budgetary effects of the bill.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-18): Biden's Build Back Better bill would add to national debt, congressional estimate says WASHINGTON – The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office on Thursday released its full cost estimate of President Joe Biden's Build Back Better bill, projecting the measure would add $160 billion to the national debt over the next decade. [...] A recent analysis from the nonpartisan Joint Committee on Taxation found the Build Back Better Act would raise $1.48 trillion in revenue over a decade and also said the plan would be unlikely to add to the deficit long term.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-11-18): CBO estimates that enacting this title would result in a net increase in the deficit totaling $281.5 billion over the 2022-2031 period. That increase in the deficit would result from an increase in direct spending of $304.4 billion and an increase in revenues of $22.9 billion.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-12-10): Budgetary Effects of Making Specified Policies in the Build Back Better Act Permanent CBO and the Joint Committee on Taxation project the budgetary effects, including the effects on interest costs, of a modified version of H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act, that would make various policies permanent rather than temporary. [...] The Congressional Budget Office and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation project that a version of the bill modified as they have specified would increase the deficit by $3.0 trillion over the 2022–2031 period. That amount includes three components: effects usually counted in CBO’s cost estimates, the effects of increased resources for tax enforcement, and effects on interest on the public debt. Under long-standing guidelines agreed to by the legislative and executive branches, estimates to be used for budget enforcement purposes include the first component but not the second and third.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2021-12-12): Sen. Graham’s false claim about Build Back Better adding $3 trillion in deficits [...] Graham’s press office sent us a Dec. 10 letter from the CBO. The agency did say the deficit would go up by $3 trillion, but that was for, as they put it, "a modified version of H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act." [...] Graham said the CBO predicted the Build Back Better Act would add $3 trillion to deficits over 10 years.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2024-09-17): - Outlays were $3.1 trillion, an increase of 12%, largely due to:* - $132 billion (11%) increase in the largest mandatory spending programs, such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, reflecting increases in both the cost of benefits and number of beneficiaries. [...] The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the federal government ran a deficit of $198 billion in August, the eleventh month of fiscal year 2020. This deficit—the difference between $223 billion of revenues and $420 billion of outlays—is $3 billion less than last August’s, although this apparent improvement is an illusion created by shifts in the timing of certain payments. Without these timing shifts, this August’s deficit would have been $106 billion (or 72%) greater than last August’s. The cumulative deficit in FY2020 has risen to $3.0 trillion, an increase of $1.9 trillion from this point last year. [...] CBO now projects that the total deficit this fiscal year will run to $3.3 trillion, more than triple last year’s and the largest deficit as a share of the economy since 1945.
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2022-09-26): Explaining the Prescription Drug Provisions in the Build Back Better Act [...] On November 19, 2021, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act (BBBA), which includes a broad package of health, social, and environmental proposals supported by President Biden. The BBBA includes several provisions that would lower prescription drug costs for people with Medicare and private insurance and reduce drug spending by the federal government and private payers. These proposals have taken shape amidst strong bipartisan, public support for the government to address high and rising drug prices. CBO estimates that the drug pricing provisions in the BBBA would reduce the federal deficit by $297 billion over 10 years (2022-2031).
Claim: “The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.” (Lindsey Graham, 2021-12-12)
Evidence (2022-09-12): Infrastructure Investment & Jobs Act: $625 billion Inflation Reduction Act: $745 billion* *Only after Democrats failed to increase spending by an additional $5 trillion as part of their Build Back Better agendaBiden’s Executive Actions: $1+ trillion - Fact Sheet: $330 Billion Student Loan Cancellation for the Wealthy - Biden’s Executive Actions Have $1+ Trillion Price Tag - Report: Rising interest rates impact on the federal budget - As Democrats Ready More Inflationary Spending, CBO Confirms Biden’s Inflation Crisis Already Added $2.5 Trillion to the Cost of Servicing Nation’s Debt - In 2021, the deficit was $2.78 trillion – the second highest in American history - The annual deficits in Biden’s FY 2023 budget are $1.6 trillion – the highest sustained level of debt in American history - Under policies enacted by President Biden and Washington Democrats, the federal government is slated to spend $10 trillion more over the coming decade than was projected prior to the Biden Administration - Revenues are on pace to reach $5 trillion for the year, with income tax receipts up 32 percent, and corporate tax receipts up 12 percent so far this year - Revenues are up by 23 percent compared to the same point