copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-11-17): Built along the cliffs at about 700 metres above sea level, Preah Vihear Temple seemingly lives amongst the clouds. The marvelous temple is an example of some of the greatest ancient arts and architectural feats in Cambodia. It has become an iconic, cultural jewel and the triumph of hundreds of years of Khmer history. [...] "The Preah Vihear temple is a masterpiece of Khmer creative genius, a unique testimony to the cultural tradition of civilisation and the most outstanding architectural feat of an ancient technological ensemble, with a landscape illustrating a significant stage in human history," said Chuch Phoeun, secretary of state at the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts. [...] Preah Vihear temple is located in Preah Vihear province near the border with Thailand. It is a two hour drive from Siem Reap.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): This sacred site is situated spectacularly atop Poy Tadi, a 525-metre (1720 ft) cliff in the Dangrek Mountains located in Choam Khsant District in the Province of Preah Vihear in northern Cambodia; 140 km from Angkor Wat; approximately 320 km from Phnom Penh. The temple gives its name to Cambodia’s Preah Vihear province. [...] Preah Vihear is truly an outstanding masterpiece of Khmer architecture; very ‘pure’ both in plan and in the detail of its decoration. The temple has four levels and four courtyards which comprise of five Gopuras (entrance pavilions). The third level was the Palace Building. [...] Through the energetic efforts of the Royal Government of Cambodia under the wise, brilliant leadership of Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo HUN SEN, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Preah Vihear Temple was listed and declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO on 8 July, 2008.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-08-19): In the north of Cambodia, near the Thai border, lies one of the most controversial temples of Asia: the Preah Vihear Temple. The Preah Vihear Temple, also known as the Prasat Preah Vihear, is claimed by both Thailand and Cambodia and in 2011 there were even deaths during a military confrontation between the two countries. Fortunately, things have remained calm in recent years… [...] Although in today’s Cambodia 95% of the population is Buddhist, the Khmer Empire was a mixture of Hinduism and Buddhism. The Preah Vihear Temple is dedicated to the god Shiva, the destroyer. It represents Mount Meru, the home of the god Shiva. The remarkable thing is that the Preah Vihear Temple was built to the north, while in Hinduism temples are mainly focused on the east. [...] In 1904, the French set up a committee to determine the exact border between Thailand and present-day Cambodia. The river is used as a border, but that would mean that the holy temple belongs to Thailand. In 1907 an official map was made: the Preah Vihear Temple is located on Cambodian territory. This is to the displeasure of Thailand. Before the French controlled this area, the Thai guarded the temple for decades.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Preah Vihear Temple is located in a pleasant environment with an attractive countryside slightly east of the mid section of the Dongrek Mountains.It is perched on the edge of a giant cliff, about 625 meters above sea level in Preah Vihear Province, Northern part of Cambodia, 625km from the capital city of Phnom Penh. It is also situated close to the Cambodia-Thai border.The temple has four levels and four courtyards which comprise of five Gopuras ( entrance pavilions some times surmounted by tower ) [...] The temple can be reached by crossing the Cambodia-Thai gateway border from the Ubon Ratchantani Province of Thailand. Currently the visits are from 8.00 till 16.00 hours. For all the grandeur of its site, perched on the edge of a giant cliff and with a commanding view over northern Cambodia, Preah Vihear is difficult to visualize as a whole. The experience is truly a memorable one the series of ascents over the best part of a kilometer, the ornate Gopuras and the wealth of decorative detail truly staggers one's imagination. [...] Noreay temple are located in Krala Peal Village, Pring Thom commune, Choam Ksan district, about 32 kilometers northeast of Preah Vihear provincial town. There are 3 temples stand separate from each other about 200 meters. The first site is surrounded by double rampart which is 100 meters long and 50 meters wide made of laterite.It... read more
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-15): The Preah Vihear Temple is a sacred Angkorian site on the border between Cambodia and Thailand which is dedicated to the Hindu deity, Shiva. The site is heavily contested, with Thailand having been ordered to withdraw a military presence which has been stationed around the temple since 1954. [...] The Preah Vihear Temple was built by the leaders of the Khmer Empire, firstly by King Suryavarman I (1002-50) and then expanded upon by Suryavarman II (1113-50). [...] Officially, the Preah Vihear Temple is based in Cambodia, although the site is more easily reached from Thailand. Soldiers from both sides are still posted at the site and it is still quite a volatile area. In 2008, UNESCO listed the Preah Vihear Temple, which was also a contentious issue.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-04-20): Cambodia celebrates 13 years of Preah Vihear Temple as a UNESCO World Heritage Site [...] For the past thirteen years, UNESCO has been assisting the National Authority for Preah Vihear in safeguarding the Outstanding Universal Value of the historical monument in line with the World Heritage Convention. Today, Mr. Sardar Umar Alam, UNESCO Representative to Cambodia, reaffirmed UNESCO’s commitment for the conservation and restoration of the Preah Vihear Temple, outlining that: "Safeguarding the rich cultural heritage of Cambodia requires collective efforts among all Cambodians, and heritage education will play an important role to encourage youth as agents of change to participate in heritage conservation and sustainable development". Preah Vihear Temple is located in the northern province of Preah Vihear 400 km north of Phnom Penh and 140 km northwest of Angkor, on the central summit perched on the edge of the precipice under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Cambodia. It is dedicated to the Hindu God Shiva in the form of Shri Shikarashvara or Lord of the Summit, is an outstanding masterpiece of the Khmer Art, in terms of plan and the details of its decoration and relationship to the spectacular landscape environment.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Under the Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1904 and 1907, the line of frontier between Cambodia and Thai along the Dongrak Mountains followed justice at the Hague officially found that the Preah Vihear Temple situated inside the Cambodia territory. Preah Vihear Temple is located in a pleasant environment with an attractive countryside slightly east of the mid section of the Dongrek Mountains. It is perched on the edge of a giant cliff, about 625 meters above sea level in Preah Vihear Province, Northern part of Cambodia, 625km from the capital city of Phnom Penh. It is also situated close to the Cambodia-Thai border.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): PREAH VIHEAR The Sacred Site of Preah Vihear Temple; a World Heritage This sacred site is situated spectacularly atop Poy Tadi, a 525-metre (1720 ft) cliff in the Dangrek Mountains located in Choam Khsant District in the Province of Preah Vihear in northern Cambodia; 140 km from Angkor Wat; approximately 320 km from Phnom Penh. The temple gives its name to Cambodia’s Preah Vihear province. [...] Preah Vihear is truly an outstanding masterpiece of Khmer architecture; very ‘pure’ both in plan and in the detail of its decoration. The temple has four levels and four courtyards which comprise of five Gopuras (entrance pavilions). The third level was the Palace Building.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-02-14): The Temple of Preah Vihear Situated on the edge of a plateau that dominates the plain of Cambodia, the Temple of Preah Vihear is dedicated to Shiva. The Temple is composed of a series of sanctuaries linked by a system of pavements and staircases over an 800 metre long axis and dates back to the first half of the 11th century AD. Nevertheless, its complex history can be traced to the 9th century, when the hermitage was founded. This site is particularly well preserved, mainly due to its remote location. The site is exceptional for the quality of its architecture, which is adapted to the natural environment and the religious function of the temple, as well as for the exceptional quality of its carved stone ornamentation.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-25): Prasat Preah Vihear (ព្រះវិហារ) is a Khmer (Cambodian) temple crowning a 525-m cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains in Cambodia, across the border from Si Saket and Kantharalak in northeastern Thailand. It is also the name of the surrounding province. [...] Though at the edge of a cliff whose top mostly belongs to present-day Thailand, and for some years occupied by that country, the temple was nonetheless claimed by Cambodia on the basis of a map prepared during French colonial times. In 1959 Cambodia brought the dispute to the International Court of Justice, which in 1962 ruled that, because Thailand had for years accepted this map, Cambodia had sovereignty over Preah Vihear. Soon afterwards Cambodia was plunged into civil war. The temple remained open to the public from Thailand (although unreachable from Cambodia) until 1975, when it was occupied by the Khmer Rouge, whose rusting artillery guns still litter the area. It was re-opened from the Thai side in 1998, and in 2003 Cambodia completed the construction of a long-awaited access road allowing Cambodians to visit the temple. In 2008, after a contentious nomination process, the temple was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [...] Stay safe [edit]Preah Vihear is the subject of a long-running territorial dispute between Thailand and Cambodia, and several soldiers on both sides were killed in clashes in 2008, 2009 & 2011. In Nov 2013 the UN's International Court of Justice ruled that the temple area and most of the disputed land were sovereign Cambodian territory. Thai officials pledged to abide by the ruling.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Nestled in the lush Dongrek Mountains along the Cambodia-Thailand border sits the majestic Preah Vihear Temple, one of Cambodia’s most awe-inspiring ancient sites. Constructed in the early 9th century under King Yasovarman I, Preah Vihear has undergone centuries of expansion and remodeling, culminating in its current form as a stunning Khmer architectural masterpiece. [...] A visit to Preah Vihear offers the chance to take in one of Cambodia’s most significant heritage sites. The temple stands as testament to the mighty Khmer Empire and the ingenuity of Cambodia’s ancient architects and artisans. Trekking to the cliff-top temple complex, wandering through the ornate Khmer structures, and admiring the far-reaching views allows visitors to glimpse Cambodia’s glorious past. For travelers interested in Cambodia’s ancient history and culture, a journey to the heights of Preah Vihear is an experience not to be missed. [...] Preah Vihear’s location right on the border between Cambodia and Thailand has also made it the center of political disputes over the centuries. Thailand occupied the temple in the 1950s, leading to a bitter legal battle with Cambodia over ownership. In 1962, the International Court of Justice awarded sovereignty of Preah Vihear to Cambodia, cementing its status as a proudly Cambodian national symbol.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand) [...] Cambodia complained that Thailand had occupied a piece of its territory surrounding the ruins of the Temple of Preah Vihear, a place of pilgrimage and worship for Cambodians, and asked the Court to declare that territorial sovereignty over the Temple belonged to it and that Thailand was under an obligation to withdraw the armed detachment stationed there since 1954. Thailand filed preliminary objections to the Court’s jurisdiction, which were rejected in a Judgment given on 26 May 1961. In its Judgment on the merits, rendered on 15 June 1962, the Court noted that a Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1904 provided that, in the area under consideration, the frontier was to follow the watershed line, and that a map based on the work of a Mixed Delimitation Commission showed the Temple on the Cambodian side of the boundary. Thailand asserted various arguments aimed at showing that the map had no binding character. One of its contentions was that the map had never been accepted by Thailand or, alternatively, that if Thailand had accepted it, it had done so only because of a mistaken belief that the frontier indicated corresponded to the watershed line. The Court found that Thailand had indeed accepted the map and concluded that the Temple was situated on Cambodian territory. It also held that Thailand was under an obligation to withdraw any military or police force stationed there and to restore to Cambodia any objects removed from the ruins since 1954.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-04-23): The hearings are the latest round in a centuries-old battle between the two countries over the contested area, located along Cambodia’s northern border with Thailand. Preah Vihear and the land in question are geographically small and remote but the clash over them has represented larger internal struggles of nationalism and domestic political posturing. For both Thailand and Cambodia, the question of the land surrounding Preah Vihear represents critical issues of sovereignty and national pride. [...] A2: Thailand and Cambodia have each controlled the area of Preah Vihear at different points since the construction of the temple in the 11th century by two Khmer kings. Both sides have disputed its ownership for hundreds of years. Cambodia took Thailand to the ICJ in 1962 to settle the dispute; the ICJ ruled that the temple was "situated in territory under the sovereignty of Cambodia." Cambodia was shortly thereafter engulfed in the Vietnam War, followed by the brutal Khmer Rouge regime and a Vietnamese occupation, so Preah Vihear received little attention until recently. [...] Widespread protests erupted in both countries. On July 15, 2008, Thailand sent soldiers to Preah Vihear to reclaim the territory surrounding the temple. Cambodia responded by increasing its troop levels as well. The border near Preah Vihear became increasingly militarized and relations between Cambodia and Thailand deteriorated. By mid-July over 1,200 Cambodian and Thai troops patrolled the area.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-17): As Thai historian Thonchai Winichakul emphasized, the idea that a modern nation-state should be spatially bounded by geographical borders was imported from Europe. In the case of Preah Vihear temple, the problem dates back from 1904 when the French authorities controlling Cambodia drew the current border line along the Dangrek mountain range watershed, which should have left the temple on the Thai side, but nonetheless they ensured that the temple was within Cambodian territory. At that time, the Thai authorities did not pay much attention. This attitude changed in the following years. In 1940, the Thai government took advantage of France’s weakened position after her defeat to Germany to "take back" Preah Vihear. Following the withdrawal of French troops from Cambodia in 1954, Thai forces again occupied the temple to enforce their claim. The newly independent Cambodia succeeded in having the International Court of Justice [ICJ] rule that the temple and the surrounding land lay in Cambodian territory (The Hague, 1962). The international accepted view of the legal jurisdiction of the temples is therefore clearly in Cambodia’s favor. If the case has been legally cleared, it has remained a volatile political issue in both countries ever since. Diplomatic relations were severed a number of times, and threats of force were voiced by both governments.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Reviews "Instead of being a place for peace, meditation, contemplation and prayer, the ancient Khmer temple of Prasat Preah Vihear (Phra Wihan, to the Thai) has become in recent years the object of political dispute and even military clashes between two ASEAN members: Thailand and Cambodia. This short book by Thai historian Puangthong Pawakapan is a welcome addition to the growing corpus of literature on the temple dispute which has been produced since the controversial decision by UNESCO in July 2008 to inscribe Preah Vihear on its World Heritage list. The author , who is Associate Professor in the International Relations Department of Chulalongkorn University's Faculty of Political Science, is most qualified to write on this subject as she has in the past conducted extensive research on Thai-Cambodian relations. The main purpose of this well-written book, however, is not only to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical background of the conflict but also to analyse the actions, strategy, and objectives of the campaign of Thailand's People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) to exploit the border conflict for its own anti-Thaksin agenda" (New Mandala Review).
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-02-09): Council members are taking seriously the clashes between the Thai and Cambodian military in the vicinity of the Preah Vihear temple complex on the Thailand-Cambodia border. Unlike past Council responses to similar events on the Thai-Cambodian border, this time Council members have not been deterred from taking up the issue. [...] There is a long-running border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia over territory in the vicinity of Preah Vihear, a temple complex dating from the 11th century. The site sits atop a ridge on the Thai-Cambodia border overlooking the plain of Cambodia in the north-west. In 1959 the dispute was referred to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). In 1962 the ICJ ruled (in a 9-3 decision) that the area in the vicinity of Preah Vihear was part of Cambodian territory, based upon maps that had been prepared in 1907 by a joint border commission established by Siam and the French colonial authorities in Cambodia. While the ICJ ruling meant the temple complex was in Cambodian territory, the geography of the area determines that the most easily accessible entrance to the complex is in Thailand. Thailand accepts Cambodia’s sovereignty over Preah Vihear. However land surrounding the temple remains in dispute.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-11-11): Border land around the cherished Preah Vihear temple belongs to Cambodia and Thailand’s police and security forces must leave the territory, the United Nation’s highest court ruled Monday in a decades-old dispute between the Southeast Asian neighbors. [...] "Cambodia had sovereignty over the whole territory of the promontory of Preah Vihear," Judge Peter Tomka wrote in the decision of the 17-member panel in The Hague, Netherlands. [...] The territorial dispute over the Preah Vihear originates from maps drawn in 1907 when Cambodia was under French colonial rule.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-03-18): Cambodia and Thailand have been engaged in a territorial dispute over land in the vicinity of the temple of Preah Vihear, located near the countries' shared border, for over fifty years. This dispute has persisted in spite of a 1962 International Court of Justice (ICJ) judgment declaring the temple to be in Cambodia and a long history of negotiation and mediation attempts following the judgment. More recently, in July 2011, the IC, in connection with a request for intepretation of its 1962 judgment, indicated provisional measures creating a demilitarized Zone around the temple and steering both countries to cooperation with the help of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The establishment of this demilitarized Zone, which included territory not subject to overlapping claims, was hotly contested among judges on the court, raising broader questions about the scope of the court's authority to issue provisional measures. Additionally, the court's inclusion of ASEAN as a body to facilitate resolution of the dispute fashioned the provisional measures into a channel for integrated dispute resolution, pairing adjudication with mediation. [...] "Temple of Preah Vihear: Lessons on Provisional Measures,"
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-11-13): Fears of clashes were high between Thai and Cambodian forces deployed near the contentious Preah Vihear temple, as the court in The Hague prepared its verdict. Skirmishes in 2011 resulted in 28 dead – soldiers and civilians – on both sides, and tens of thousands of people were forced to flee the fighting. [...] The Phreah Vihear temple has in the past been a cause célèbre for ultra-nationalists, helping them mobilise against previous incarnations of the current ruling party. Yingluck’s brother Thaksin, a former prime minister who fled the country following abuse of power convictions, is regarded as being close to Hun Sen, the Cambodian prime minister. [...] An International Court of Justice ruling that decisively turned over land surrounding Preah Vihear to Cambodia would have reinforced the perception that Thaksin and his allies, including Hun Sen, are exploiting Thailand for personal gain, placing the Yingluck administration under greater pressure.
Claim: Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia (Preah Vihear Temple, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-25): Conservation of Northern Staircase of the 11th-Century Temple of Preah Vihear Temple, Phase 4 $360,804 (U.S. Department of State – Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation) Goal: Conservation and restoration works of ancient drainage system along both sides of the staircase, restoration of section 11 to section 14 of the staircase and ornamented lion sculptures, and public awareness campaign on conservation works of Preah Vihear temple. Partner: National Authority for Preah Vihear Location: Preah Vihear Year: 2022 Conservation of Northern Staircase of the 11th-Century Temple of Preah Vihear Temple, Phase 3 $86,664 (U.S. Department of State – Ambassador Funds for Cultural Preservation) Goal: Conservation and restoration works of ancient drainage system along both sides of the staircase, restoration of section 6 to section 7 of the staircase and ornamented lion sculptures, and public awareness campaign on conservation works of Preah Vihear temple. Partner: National Authority for Preah Vihear Location: Preah Vihear Year: 2021 [...] Partner: National Authority for Preah Vihear Location: Preah Vihear Year: 2018