copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-18): Jerusalem in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Whose capital is it? [...] For decades Jerusalem’s status has been among the most contentious issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The city is home to hundreds of thousands of people who belong to either nationality, Israeli or Palestinian, and both Israelis and Palestinians want the historic city to serve as their capital. Some proponents of a two-state solution have proposed splitting the city in two: it was divided after the first Arab-Israeli war (1948–49) into a western portion under Israeli rule, called Jerusalem, and an eastern portion under Arab (Jordanian) rule, called East Jerusalem. But Israel occupied East Jerusalem in the Six-Day War (1967) and applied Israeli law and administration there shortly afterward. In 1980 Israel declared East Jerusalem part of its "complete and united" capital, and since then Israeli development in East Jerusalem has complicated the practicality of splitting the city once again. But, at the same time, the eastern portion is heavily populated by Palestinians who want to return it to Arab rule, and their communities retain a central place in the Palestinian economy.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): The Palestinian National Authority views East Jerusalem as occupied Palestinian territory, in line with UNSC Resolution 242. The PNA claims all of East Jerusalem, including the Temple Mount, as the capital of the State of Palestine, and claims that West Jerusalem is also subject to final status negotiations, but is willing to consider alternative solutions, such as making Jerusalem an open city. In the Palestine Liberation Organization's Palestinian Declaration of Independence of 1988, Jerusalem is called the capital of the State of Palestine. In 2000 the Palestinian Authority passed a law designating the city as such, and in 2002 this law was ratified by Chairman Yasser Arafat.[51] The official position of the PNA is that Jerusalem should be an open city, with no physical partition and that Palestine would guarantee freedom of worship, access and the protection of sites of religious significance.[52] The status quo on the Temple Mount now is that tourists are allowed to visit, but not pray, on the Temple Mount, although this seems to be slowly changing.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): It was based on a December 2022 Resolution by the UN General Assembly, asking the ICJ for its legal opinion on the consequences of Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territories, including East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza. An advisory opinion from the court confirmed that Israel's occupation of Gaza and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, was illegal, as well as the associated settlement regime in those areas, the annexation of land and the use of Palestinian natural resources. [...] Israel is not a member of the ICC, but the state of Palestine was granted membership in 2015. Therefore, the court can investigate Israeli individuals for crimes committed in the occupied Palestinian territories, which include Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-19): Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem - The Court gives its Advisory Opinion and responds to the questions posed by the General Assembly Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem (Request for Advisory Opinion) - The Court to deliver its Advisory Opinion on Friday 19 July 2024 at 3 p.m. [...] Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem (Request for Advisory Opinion) - The Court makes an Order organizing the proceedings; it fixes the time-limits for the presentation of written statements and for written comments on those statements
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-13): The study takes it as a starting point that the Palestinian territory – i.e., the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip – was occupied by Israel in 1967, in the course of an international armed conflict. That the territory is under belligerent occupation is recognized by the International Court of Justice in the Wall advisory opinion: The territories situated between the Green Line… and the former eastern boundary of Palestine under the Mandate were occupied by Israel in 1967 during the armed conflict between Israel and Jordan. Under customary international law, these were therefore occupied territories in which Israel had the status of occupying Power. Subsequent events in these territories… have done nothing to alter this situation. All these territories (including East Jerusalem) remain occupied territories and Israel has continued to have the status of occupying Power.[65] [...] [505] United Nations Human Rights Council, "Independent International Fact-finding Mission to Investigate the Implications of the Israeli Settlements on the Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of the Palestinian People Throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem" A/HRC/22/63, (7 February 2013) para. 38.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-29): Israel’s building of settlements in the West Bank, including in East Jerusalem, does not respect any of these rules and exceptions. Transferring the occupying power’s civilians into the occupied territory is prohibited without exception. Furthermore, as explained earlier, the settlements and associated infrastructure are not temporary, do not benefit Palestinians and do not serve the legitimate security needs of the occupying power. Settlements entirely depend on the large-scale appropriation and/or destruction of Palestinian private and state property which are not militarily necessary. They are created with the sole purpose of permanently establishing Jewish Israelis on occupied land. [...] The Israeli authorities have created a discriminatory urban planning and zoning system. Within Area C, where most settlement construction is based, Israel has allocated 70% of the land to settlements and only 1% to Palestinians. In East Jerusalem, Israel has expropriated 35% of the city for the construction of settlements, while restricting Palestinians to construct on only 13% of the land. These figures clearly illustrate Israel’s use of regulatory measures to discriminate against Palestinian residents in Area C. [...] Most states and international bodies have long recognized that Israeli settlements are illegal under international law. The European Union (EU) has clearly stated that: "settlement building anywhere in the occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, is illegal under international law, constitutes an obstacle to peace and threatens to make a two-state solution impossible."
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-13): (a) Immediately and completely cease and reverse the establishment and expansion of Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, and all other related activity, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions, including Security Council resolutions 497 (1981) and 2334 (2016); [...] (c) Cease and reverse the transfer of powers from the military administration to the Israeli civilian government over the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan, and ensure that all measures taken as occupying Power are fully consistent with international law; [...] (l) End the 56-year military occupation of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan, as part of a broader process towards achieving equality, justice, democracy, non-discrimination and the fulfilment of all human rights for all Palestinians.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-05-13): The eastern side — including key Jewish, Muslim and Christian holy sites — was captured by Israel in 1967. It's populated by Palestinians who seek it for their capital. Israelis are increasing their numbers there and it's highly contested. [...] With the status of the city unresolved, Israelis who move to occupied areas of eastern Jerusalem are seen by most of the world as settlers. Israel, not recognizing the city as occupied, rejects that label. Palestinians say Israel is using settlers to divide their neighborhoods and diminish the Palestinian presence in the city. [...] One more shape-shifter on these maps: The Jerusalem city limits are much bigger than they were after the 1949 war. Israel has enlarged the boundaries since then, including both Jewish and Palestinian neighborhoods within the expanded city limits. And since Israel declares sovereignty in the city, Palestinians see the growth through their areas as a way for Israel to claim more territory.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-15): The Hague - The ICJ delivers its Advisory Opinion in respect of the Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem [...] The International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivers its Advisory Opinion in respect of the Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem. The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, delivers its Advisory Opinion in respect of the Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem on 19 July 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court. Session held under the presidency of Judge Nawaf Salam, President of the Court.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-02): From the perspective of safeguarding a two state solution where Jerusalem could serve as a capital of both states, the Israeli settlement developments on the southern periphery of Jerusalem is severing the chances for contiguity between East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Construction in this area began on the first new settlement to be built in East Jerusalem in over 20 years, Givat Hamatos and a new settlement, the Lower Aqueduct, was fully approved just before the end of 2023. New settlement plans were also advanced in 2023 slated to be constructed within Palestinian neighbourhoods which has been known to cause friction. [...] [2] All settlements in occupied territory are regarded as illegal according to international humanitarian law while outposts are considered illegal according to Israeli law too, until they have gone through a process of legalization.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-13): On Thursday (19 September), members expect to hear a briefing from Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process Tor Wennesland on the implementation of resolution 2334. Adopted in 2016, this resolution demanded that Israel cease all settlement activities in the occupied Palestinian territory (OPT), including East Jerusalem, and called for immediate steps to prevent violence against civilians, including acts of terror. A civil society representative is also expected to brief. Slovenia’s Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, Tanja Fajon, will chair the meeting. Closed consultations are scheduled to follow. On Tuesday (17 September), the General Assembly is expected to resume its Tenth Emergency Special Session (ESS) on "Illegal Israeli actions in occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory". During the ESS, UN members are expected to vote on a draft resolution tabled by the State of Palestine on the 19 July International Court of Justice (ICJ) Advisory Opinion on the "Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem". The General Assembly requested the Advisory Opinion in December 2022.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-06): The Silwan neighbourhood in East Jerusalem, where Al-Bustan lies, faces significant challenges including overcrowding, inadequate services, and the constant threat of demolitions and displacement. So far this year, 19 Palestinian properties have been demolished, displacing 52 people, including the Odeh and Badran families. Additionally, Silwan is heavily targeted by Israeli settler organisations, who are seizing Palestinian properties to establish settlements. Demolitions of Palestinian structures in East Jerusalem reached a record high of 229 in 2023, marking the highest number since the UN began monitoring in 2009. Half of these demolitions were homes. This year, between 1 January and 2 August, Israel has demolished 128 Palestinian structures, including 61 homes, displacing 330 people. [...] - On 19 July 2024, the International Court of Justice established in an Advisory Opinion that Israel’s presence in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, is unlawful and must immediately end. Israel is to withdraw its settlements, allow for the return of displaced Palestinians, and offer reparations for damages to real property.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-03): Palestinian territory – encompassing the Gaza Strip and West Bank, including East Jerusalem – has been occupied by Israel since 1967. On 19 July 2024 the ICJ issued an advisory opinion detailing that Israel’s continued presence in the OPT is unlawful, asserting Israel must end its presence as rapidly as possible, immediately cease all new settlement activities and evacuate all settlers from the OPT. Various UN officials and investigative mechanisms have previously affirmed that Israel’s permanent occupation of Palestinian territory has no legal validity and has resulted in de facto annexation, which may amount to a war crime. In March 2022 the UN Special Rapporteur also reported that Israel has imposed a system of racial oppression and discrimination that satisfies the prevailing evidentiary standard for the crime of apartheid, a crime against humanity.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-07): The Occupied Territories, which include the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, are subject to the jurisdiction of Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA), with the division of responsibilities overlapping in much of the territory. The PA Basic Law, which serves as an interim constitution, establishes Islam as the official religion, but calls for respect of "all other divine religions." Violence between Palestinians and Israeli security forces in Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza, and the West Bank continued. During the year, 91 Palestinians and eight Israelis were killed in attacks outside the Green Line in Jerusalem, Gaza, and the West Bank. Because religion and ethnicity or nationality were often closely linked, it was difficult to categorize much of this violence as being solely based on religious identity. Visits by Jewish Temple Mount activists to the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount facilitated by Israeli authorities increased to record levels during the year; there were fewer incidents of violence at the site, as compared to last year.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-12-23): The Security Council reaffirmed this afternoon that Israel’s establishment of settlements in Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, had no legal validity, constituting a flagrant violation under international law and a major obstacle to the vision of two States living side-by-side in peace and security, within internationally recognized borders.
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-29): For half a century, Israel’s occupation of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip has resulted in systematic human rights violations against Palestinians living there. [...] The very existence of settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories violates international humanitarian law and is a war crime. Despite multiple UN resolutions, Israel has continued to appropriate Palestinian land and support at least 600,000 settlers living in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem. Until 2005, more than 9,000 Israeli settlers were illegally residing in Gaza. [...] Israel is (…) under an obligation to return the land, orchards, olive groves and other immovable property seized (…) for purposes of construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (…) All States are under an obligation not to recognize the illegal situation resulting from the construction of the wall
Claim: East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine (East Jerusalem, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-27): VANESSA FRAZIER (Malta), noting that the situation remains "increasingly unsustainable for Palestinians and Israelis alike", emphasized that Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, are a violation of international law. She voiced concern about demolitions and the forceable transfer of Palestinian communities. Condemning terror attacks upon Israeli civilians and "episodes of settler violence which have terrorized Palestinian communities", she urged swift justice for those responsible. Expressing support to credible negotiations on all final status issues, she addressed the fiscal and political situation of the Palestinian Authority, calling for engagement towards reconciliation and the prompt holding of national elections. She emphasized the need to address the humanitarian needs of Palestinians, particularly in Gaza, and expressed support for UNRWA’s critical role in providing assistance.
Claim: Kalapani is a territory of Nepal (Kalapani, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-27): The Kalapani territory is an area under Indian administration as part of Pithoragarh district in the Kumaon Division of the Uttarakhand state,[4][5] but it is also claimed by Nepal since 1997.[6][7] According to Nepal's claim, it lies in Darchula district, Sudurpashchim Province.[8] The territory represents part of the basin of the Kalapani river, one of the headwaters of the Kali River in the Himalayas at an altitude of 3600–5200 meters. The valley of Kalapani, with the Lipulekh Pass at the top, forms the Indian route to Kailash–Manasarovar, an ancient pilgrimage site. It is also the traditional trading route to Tibet for the Bhotiyas of Kumaon and the Tinkar valley of Nepal.[9][10] [...] No changes in India's border with Nepal are discernible from the maps of the period.[55] The Kalapani territory continued to be shown as part of India. Following the Chinese take-over of Tibet in 1951, India increased its security presence along the northern border to inhibit possibilities of encroachment and infiltration.[56] The Kalapani area is likely to have been included among such areas.[57] Nepal too requested India's help in policing its northern border as early as 1950, and 17 posts are said to have been established jointly by the two countries.[58][59]
Claim: Kalapani is a territory of Nepal (Kalapani, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): The national mapping authority of India has been including Kalapani and areas south of Lipulekh Pass in its maps since the 1950s.Atit Babu Rijal A new political map released by India has sparked controversy in Nepal as it places Kalapani within its own territory. The Government of Nepal has objected to the inclusion of Kalapani within Indian territory, and rightly so. The Foreign Ministry said that the two countries had agreed to resolve border disputes through consultation between their respective foreign secretaries. India's latest step is clearly against the agreement and is a breach of good faith. But this is not the first time that encroachment at Lipulekh and Kalapani has been criticised. India wants to keep a close watch over Chinese movements on the border, and Kalapani seems to be strategically the best point to do so. India had built check posts at 17 places within Nepali territory in the 1950s, all of which were removed in the 1970s except the one at Kalapani in the northwest. Its national mapping authority has been including Kalapani and areas south of Lipulekh Pass since then. But Nepal has firm proof to show that Lipulekh, Kalapani and Limpiyadhura belong to it. The maps published by the then British Survey of India in 1827 and 1856 clearly show how these areas have been accepted as part of Nepal. Limpiyadhura in the north-western corner of Nepal has been accepted as the origin of the Mahakali River as per Article 5 of the Sugauli Treaty of 1816.
Claim: Kalapani is a territory of Nepal (Kalapani, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-03): The Kalapani dispute is a long-standing territorial dispute between India and Nepal over a small but strategically significant region located in the Himalayas. The dispute primarily revolves around the Kalapani River, which serves as part of the western boundary between the two countries. Learn more through the explainer video. [...] Kalapani is a 35 square kilometer area, which is claimed by both India and Nepal. [...] The present status is that both India and Nepal claim Kalapani as an integral part of their territory — India as part of Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district and Nepal as part of Darchula district. (Source: The Print)
Claim: Kalapani is a territory of Nepal (Kalapani, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-12-14): The Kalapani issue is a proverbial thorn in the otherwise rosy India-Nepal relations. It is a territorial dispute between the two that has acquired many political dimensions over the years. [...] The origins of the Kalapani dispute can be traced back to 1816, when the Treaty of Sagauli was ratified following the end of the Anglo-Nepal war. The name Kalapani is derived from the river Kali that flows in the region. The Kali river marked the boundary of the Kingdom of Nepal and that of British India. [...] Following this Nepal released a new political map showing the parts of Uttarakhand and Bihar along with all of Kalapani valley as part of Nepal. No motive for these new claims was given.