copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): The Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, sometimes referred to as the Irish border or British–Irish border, runs for 499 km (310 mi)[1][2] from Lough Foyle in the north-west of Ireland to Carlingford Lough in the north-east, separating the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland. [...] For as long as both states remain members of the EU (and thus the Common Fisheries Policy), the territorial waters are not disputed in practice between the two states. Their respective exclusive economic zones (EEZs) begin beyond their territorial waters and the boundary between them was agreed in 2014.[45][46][a] but the precise maritime boundary between Ireland and the United Kingdom concerning Lough Foyle (and similarly Carlingford Lough) remains disputed in principle. As recently as 2005, when asked to list those areas of EU member states where border definition is in dispute, a British Government minister responding for the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs stated: Border definition (ie the demarcation of borders between two internationally recognised sovereign states with an adjoining territorial or maritime border) is politically disputed [between] Ireland [and the] UK (Lough Foyle, Carlingford Lough—quiescent)[47]
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-01-01): It appears to have been the intention of the Cenél nEógain to allow Viking strongholds to survive further south in Ulaid territory at Strangford Lough and Carlingford, and later on also at Ruib Mena on Lough Neagh. However, these longphuirt too were eventually destroyed by the Irish of the north of Ireland, the final ones in a spiral of violence that surrounded the death of the famous king of Aileach, Muirchertach of the Leather Cloaks, who was killed by the Vikings in 943.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2015-01-20): British oysters, Carlingford Lough rocks, Cumbrian rocks, Duchy natives, Hix Soho, J Sheekey, Jersey rocks, Lindisfarne rocks, Loch Ryan natives, Menai rocks, Randall and Aubin, West Mersea natives [...] Tasting oysters finally proves that metaphysical realism is dead! So now to the oysters: the Irish Carlingford rock oysters from the border with Northern Ireland had nicely fluted shells, well-filled with juice and a plump, firm, pale meat content, which provided a good crunchy chew. Tones of veggie greens could be discerned but what surprised me most was the sudden rush of sweetness in the finish, probably a sign of the oyster’s capacity to build up glycogen reserves.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-12-10): Ireland is an island located in the North Atlantic Ocean. In terms of size, it is the second largest island within the British Isles. Additionally, it ranks as the third largest island in Europe and twentieth in the world in terms of size. Politically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom (UK). The Republic of Ireland, which is also known simply as Ireland, covers five-sixths of the island. Ireland is bordered by only one nation, which is the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland). Sometimes referred to as the Irish Border, the Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) border runs for about 310 miles from Lough Foyle (northern side of Ireland) to Carlingford Lough (northeastern side of Ireland), separating Ireland from Northern Ireland. [...] The shape of the Ireland border is extremely irregular due to the well-established borders of the different counties. Additionally, there is no official documentation that explicitly defines the border. Instead, it is implied in the 1920 Government of Ireland Act, which infers the territory of Northern Ireland. One of the most noticeable features of the border is its irregularity. For example, the length of the border between Lough Foyle to Carlingford Lough is four times longer then it would be if it was a simple straight line. In total, there are about 200 different border crossings, and some roads cross the border more than once. In fact, one railway line that was closed in 1957 traverses the border six times.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-11-07): An ancient Irish monastery at Ferry Hill was destroyed by the Vikings in 841. The Vikings renamed the lough as Kerlingfjörðr ‘narrow sea-inlet of the hag’ but left no physical traces of their presence. This name was copied into Irish as Loch Cairlinne. The next invaders were the descendants of Vikings who had invaded France, creating the territory of Normandy. In the mid eleventh century they invaded England and Wales and then invaded Ireland just over one hundred years later. The Normans set up a ferry service across the lough, which belonged to Inch Abbey, near Downpatrick, and built castles to guard the crossing. Carlingford and Greencastle castles remain imposing ruins to this day. Other castles were built around the lough, including a lost one of the O’Neills, north of Omeath and a motte castle and a fifteenth century tower house near Narrow Water.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-04-08): I' heading off to Carlingford on MOnday 11th April with the family for a few days.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-03-12): Carlingford Lough sits right between Northern Ireland (left) and the Republic of Ireland [...] Carlingford Lough – an estuary that forms part of the border between the county of Down in British-run Northern Ireland and Louth in EU member Ireland – is one of two waterways that present particularly complex issues as Britain removes itself from the EU over the next two years. [...] Carlingford LoughNorthern IrelandBrexitEuropean UnionBritainIrish RepublicRepublic of IrelandIrelandLondonderry
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-05): Bay Tree - Newry Street, Carlingford, A91 V054, Ireland - $$$ · Modern Cuisine [...] Find bookable restaurants near meBay Tree - Newry Street, Carlingford, A91 V054, Ireland - $$$ · Modern Cuisine This honest little neighbourhood restaurant sits on the bustling high street of a small town, just a stone’s throw from Carlingford Lough. The carefully prepared dishes are hearty and well-balanced, often featuring vegetables from the garden and seafood from the lough – including its renowned oysters. A range of Asian influences are also on display, be it rogan josh curry or char siu pork belly. Simple, cosy bedrooms are on hand for those staying the night.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The Danes clearly had the Norse – and not the Irish – as their target; in 851 CE they attacked both Viking Dublin and the longphort at Linn Duachaill, and defeated the Norse after a three-day long naval battle at Carlingford Lough in 853 CE, after which the Norse bounced back and finally drove the Danes off. With the Norse and the Danish as rival Viking groups, according to Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (250-251), it is not impossible that the Irish had initiated an alliance with the Danes and then sat back to watch things unfold.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-11-18): THE BRITISH Government have reignited a territorial dispute with Ireland over Lough Foyle, on the boundary between Northern Ireland and the Republic. [...] It said both Governments "agreed to seek to address and resolve jurisdictional issues relating to both Lough Foyle and Carlingford Lough", a smaller body of water which is also in dispute. [...] In 1927, the Chairman of the Irish Free State’s provisional government W.T. Cosgrave provoked the Britain by asserting that the entirety of Lough Foyle was Irish territory.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-01-01): The Irish government complained to British ministers about the alleged harassment of vessels in Carlingford Lough by a patrol boat manned by Royal Marine Commandos, in 1991. [...] The Irish side wished to highlight the need for sensitivity on the part of British search parties on the lough, he said. [...] The memo noted that on 21 October 1991, the crew of one yacht, Gurlough, complained to the Irish government and made a number of allegations a boarding party of Royal Marines had searched it in Carlingford Lough.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-01-01): State papers: Searches in disputed lough raised by Dublin - Published The Irish government complained to British ministers about the alleged harassment of vessels in Carlingford Lough by a patrol boat manned by Royal Marine Commandos, in 1991. [...] The memo noted that on 21 October 1991, the crew of one yacht, Gurlough, complained to the Irish government and made a number of allegations a boarding party of Royal Marines had searched it in Carlingford Lough.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-02-06): McCoillte, The Last Whisperer to the Last remaining Leprechauns in Ireland. He hails from the village of Carlingford, A village set at the foot of Slieve Foye mountain. Below the mountain live the last surviving 236 leprechauns in the country. Explore the Cavern in Carlingford and discover the Leprecahuns History [...] The Leprechaun and Fairy Cavern is located in a folklore park on the shores of Carlingford Lough, County Louth. The experience begins with a fully seated introduction to the story, followed by a visit to the Leprechaun and Fairy Cavern below the earth.
Claim: Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland (Carlingford Lough, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-05-07): The Ramsar Site lies between Killowen Point and Soldiers Point on the northern shores of Carlingford Lough and the landward boundary is entirely coincident with that of the Carlingford Lough Area of Special Scientific Interest. The Ramsar Site boundary is also entirely coincident with that of the Carlingford Lough Special Protection Area. [...] The site forms part of an extended cross-border site which qualifies under Criterion 3c for regularly supporting internationally important numbers of overwintering light-bellied Brent geese.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-15): The Doumeira Islands (Somali: Dumeera, Tigrinya: ዱሜራ, Arabic: دميرة) are situated northeast of Djibouti and east of Eritrea near the Bab el-Mandeb in the Red Sea. They consist of Doumeira, located less than one kilometer off of the Eritrean and Djiboutian shore, and the much smaller island of Kallîda, which is 250 metres (820 ft) to the east. History [edit]The currently-in-force 1900 boundary agreement specifies that the international boundary starts at Cape Doumeira (Ras Doumeira) at the Red Sea and runs for 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) along the watershed divide of the peninsula. Furthermore, the 1900 protocol specified that Ile Doumeira (Doumeira Island) immediately offshore and its adjacent smaller islets would not be assigned sovereignty and would remain a demilitarized neutral zone.[1] In January 1935, Italy and France signed the Franco-Italian Agreement wherein, among other things, a strip of territory at the northernmost end of French Somaliland (Djibouti), including the Doumeira Islands, was ceded to Italy (Eritrea).[2] However, the question of ratification has brought this agreement, and its provision of substantial parts of Djibouti to Eritrea, into question.[3][4] In April 1996 the two countries almost went to war after a Djibouti official accused Eritrea of shelling Ras Doumeira.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-24): In a recent statement, China offered to mediate in the lingering border dispute in the Horn of Africa region where Eritrea and Djibouti are both claiming ownership of the Dumeira Mountains and Islands. [...] Fast-forward 12 years, the thin ice on which both countries stood hasapparently melted away as war broke outin June 2008. Djibouti accused Eritrea of digging trenches at Ras Doumeira and of stationing troops in its territory before Qatar’s intervention in 2010. The Doumeira region is highly disputed because it is close to a vital shipping route for global trade, the Baba-el-Mandeb strait.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-31): Eritrean movements in Ras Doumeira region [edit]In January, Eritrea reportedly requested to cross the border in order to get sand for a road, but instead occupied a hilltop in the region.[13] On April 16, Eritrea is reported by Djibouti to have set up fortifications and dug trenches on both sides of the Djiboutian border near Ras Doumeira.[6] Djibouti, in a letter to the UN calling for intervention, claimed new maps put out by Eritrea showed Ras Doumeira as Eritrean territory. Eritrea denied it had any problems with Djibouti.[14]
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2010-03-01): In May 2008, Djibouti referred the situation in Ras Doumeira, on its border with Eritrea, to the Security Council and various regional organizations (the AU, the Arab League), denouncing the strengthening of Eritrea’s military capacities and the occupation of territories belonging to Djibouti. The two countries have a longstanding border dispute in the region, where the border—established by agreements signed by France and Italy in 1900 and 1901—has never been delineated. [...] Mr. President, the conflict between Djibouti and Eritrea has now begun to ease. The situation remains tense, but calm on the border between these two countries; they are no longer fighting on the Doumeira promontory or Doumeira Island, and the armed forces of both countries are no longer in contact with each other. This development is to Djibouti’s credit, which, in accordance with the Security Council’s presidential declaration of 12 June past, withdrew its troops to the position of the status quo ante, thus ensuring that both armies would no longer be in contact. However, the Security Council must not lose sight of the most important issue: deadly fighting, for which Eritrea is responsible, took place in Doumeira in June and the effects of this aggression have lingered. In its presidential declaration of 12 June, the Security Council unequivocally condemned Eritrea. The report of the UN fact-finding mission established that, unlike Djibouti, Eritrea had not pulled its troops back to the status quo ante positions. Therefore, the first urgent matter at hand is for Eritrea to meet the extremely clear request that the Security Council made of it.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-10-23): There was now no other choice but to mass troops at the border and defend the territory, he said. The good offices of the African Union, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and of the United Nations were being sought to resolve the dispute. His country was determined to recover the entirety of its territory, including Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island. Djibouti's forces had been withdrawn to their earlier positions in response to the Council's presidential statement. [...] The exact position of the land boundary in Ras Doumeira is critical for establishing whether Eritrea has actually occupied Djibouti territory since March, as claimed by Djibouti authorities. The position of the borderline would also be critical if the two States were to negotiate their maritime boundary on the Red Sea. In 1996, Eritrea made an attempt to seize control of Ras Doumeira. The ensuing dispute was short-lived and was resolved through bilateral mechanisms, but the question of the borderline remained unresolved, the report says. [...] He said the high point of the mission had been a visit to Doumeira, where it could see the deployment of the two forces. Given that Eritrea continued to reject efforts to diffuse the tension, it was becoming clear that Eritrea did not want to abide by international standards and obligations. Confronted with a silent aggressor, discussion could not find place. His country was determined to recover the entirety of its territory, including Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island. Djibouti's forces had been withdrawn to the status quo ante in response to the Council's presidential statement.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-10-30): The team toured extensively the city of Sawa and its old oil installations, three camps in Kaleema — Iraq, Horaina and Saleena — Jabel Ras Doumeira, from which Eritrean authorities had earlier banned entry by a UN delegation as part of its probe into the border conflict between Eritrea and Djibouti in May 2008, the Haleb peninsula, Raas Dorma, which is regarded as the largest military zone in the Assab or southern Red Sea region and where the headquarters of the Eritrean regional naval command is located. [...] In January 2008, Djibouti announced that Eritrea invaded its territory and occupied Jabel Ras Doumeira, a small mountain surrounded by an uninhabited region full of sand. [...] GULF NEWS TOUR: We set out from Kaleema camp to Ras Doumeira. When we reached Rakheeta village, we noticed a huge signboard, "Eritrean Djibouti friendship."
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-19): Ras Doumeira (Cape Doumeira, Somali: Raas Dumeera) is a geographic cape that extends into the Red Sea, towards the Doumeira Islands. The area is in the north of Djibouti and also border Eritrea, and was the subject of the 2008 border dispute between the two countries. In September 2018 ten years after the conflict, it was announced that Djibouti and Eritrea agreed to normalize their relations. [1]
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-11-24): The Doumeira Islands (Somali: Dumeera, Tigrinya: ዱሜራ, Arabic: دميرة) are situated northeast of Djibouti and east of Eritrea near the Bab el-Mandeb in the Red Sea. They consist of Doumeira, located less than one kilometer off of the Eritrean and Djiboutian shore, and the much smaller island of Kallîda, which is 250 metres (820 ft) to the east. The currently-in-force 1900 boundary agreement specifies that the international boundary starts at Cape Doumeira (Ras Doumeira) at the Red Sea and runs for 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) along the watershed divide of the peninsula. Furthermore, the 1900 protocol specified that Ile Doumeira (Doumeira Island) immediately offshore and its adjacent smaller islets would not be assigned sovereignty and would remain a demilitarized neutral zone.[1] In January 1935, Italy and France signed the Franco-Italian Agreement wherein, among other things, a strip of territory at the northernmost end of French Somaliland (Djibouti), including the Doumeira Islands, was ceded to Italy (Eritrea).[2] However, the question of ratification has brought this agreement, and its provision of substantial parts of Djibouti to Eritrea, into question.[3][4] In April 1996 the two countries almost went to war after a Djibouti official accused Eritrea of shelling Ras Doumeira.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-15): Eritrea is bordered to the south by Ethiopia, to the west by Sudan and the east by Djibouti. The nation has had a long and hostile relationship with its neighbors with some such as Ethiopia claiming the territory as a means to gain access to the sea. Before the arrival of the Italians, the territory which Eritrea currently lies on had its borders defined by various civilizations and kingdoms that ruled the area. Some of the civilizations that resided in the area include Gash Group, Punt, Kingdom of D’mt, Ona Culture, Medri Bahri, Kingdom of Aksum, Aussa Sultanate and Habesh Eyalet. [...] The two nations share a 70-mile border and have had strained relations over the years. The current boundary between Eritrea and Djibouti is derived from a boundary agreement established in the year 1900. The agreement indicated that the boundary would start at Ras Doumeira. The agreement, however, did not assign sovereignty to the nearby Doumeira Island and neighboring islets. The boundary had witnessed conflict sometimes including during colonial times when Djibouti was under French rule. Recent conflict over the border was reported in 1996 when Djibouti claimed that Eritrean forces had made a 4.5 mile incursion into Djibouti’s territory. The border also experienced the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict in the year 2008 that lasted between June 10 and June 13.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-01): The border dispute between Djibouti and Eritrea over the Ras Doumeira peninsula and Doumeira Islands dates back to the colonial era and has roots in competing colonial interests between Italy and France in the Horn of Africa region. Despite intermittent attempts at resolution, the dispute continues to fester and remains a source of tension between the two countries. This article will provide an overview of the historical origins and key dimensions of the border dispute, analyze the impact it has had on relations between Djibouti and Eritrea, and assess expected and possible future developments. [...] The ongoing border dispute has proven to be a major impediment to normalizing relations between Eritrea and Djibouti. The countries have not had diplomatic relations since 2008.[15] Resolution of the issue via bilateral channels has been complicated by the hardened stances of both governments. The Afwerki and Gouled administrations insist on sovereignty over Ras Doumeira.[16] Litigating the dispute at the International Court of Justice also does not appear politically viable for either country.[17] [...] Strategically, the dispute fuels mutual suspicions between Asmara and Djibouti. The Ras Doumeira peninsula overlooks the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, a sensitive maritime chokepoint leading to the Suez Canal.[21] Djibouti hosts military bases for the U.S. and France, while Eritrea has cultivated closer ties to countries like Russia, Iran and China.[22] Each capital perceives motives to monitor or influence the other’s strategic outlook and external partnerships.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Doumeira Islands #53 among destinations in Eritrea [...] The Doumeira Islands are situated northeast of Djibouti and east of Eritrea near the Bab el-Mandeb in the Red Sea. They consist of Doumeira, located less than one kilometer off of the Eritrean and Djiboutian shore, and the much smaller island of Kallîda, which is 250 meters to the east. ()
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1999-02-22): The Doumeira Islands (Somali: Dumeera, Tigrinya: ዱሜራ, Arabic: دميرة) are situated northeast of Djibouti and east of Eritrea near the Bab el-Mandeb in the Red Sea. They consist of Doumeira, located less than one kilometer off of the Eritrean and Djiboutian shore, and the much smaller island of Kallîda, which is 250 meters to the east.
Claim: Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea (Doumeira Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-06-20): The peacekeepers had been in place since 2010 as part of efforts to resolve a dispute over the status of Dumeira Mountain and Dumeira Island, claimed by both Djibouti and Eritrea. The tiny Dumeira Island lies just off the coast of the two countries, at the southern end of the Red Sea. It is close to the Bab-el-Mandeb strait, an important shipping lane for global commerce.