copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: “Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines” (Anonymous, 2023-01-17)
Evidence (2023-01-25): In just a few months, the #DiedSuddenly meme has become a presence on most major social platforms, including Instagram and Facebook. At the end of 2022, researchers and reporters pointed to large Facebook groups dedicated to "Died Suddenly News." Last week, I was able to join a community that was created in October and had more than 34,000 members. They referred to themselves as "pure bloods" and to vaccines as "cookies" or "cupcakes," and alternated between mourning "sudden deaths" and gloating about them. And they had been careful to evade detection by Facebook’s automated content-moderation systems: Group administrators asked them to write about "de@ths and injury from the c0v1d sh0ts" and "disguise ALL words that have any medical meaning." (Facebook removed the group after I inquired about it.) But "died suddenly" thrives on Twitter. Tweets referencing news stories about unexpected deaths can be flooded with replies trumpeting the conspiracy theory, which go unmoderated. It’s a radical change from the earlier years of the pandemic, during which Twitter implemented new policies against health misinformation and updated them regularly, gradually finessing the wording and clarifying how the company assessed misleading information. These policies and the tactics used to enforce them tightened as the pandemic went on. According to a transparency report the company published in July 2022, Twitter suspended significantly more accounts and removed far more content during the vaccine rollout than during the earliest months of the pandemic, when various groups first expressed concern about dangerous misinformation spreading online.
Claim: “Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines” (Anonymous, 2023-01-17)
Evidence (2022-12-15): CLAIM: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention quietly confirmed that at least 118,000 children and young adults have "died suddenly" in the U.S. since the COVID-19 vaccines rolled out. [...] THE FACTS: A misleading article spreading widely online this week attempts to link recent child and young adult deaths in the U.S. to COVID-19 vaccines."CDC quietly confirms at least 118k Children & Young Adults have ‘Died Suddenly’ in the USA since the roll-out of the COVID Vaccines," reads its headline. The article originally appeared in November on The Exposé, a website that has repeatedly spread COVID-19 misinformation. [...] Other baseless claims that people "died suddenly" from COVID-19 vaccines have circulated on social media following the release of an online film that made false claims about vaccine deaths and included footage that predated the pandemic.
Claim: “Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines” (Anonymous, 2023-01-17)
Evidence (2021-06-10): CDC To Meet On Rare Heart Inflammation Following COVID Vaccine (yahoo.com) 114 "It's a bit of an apples-to-oranges comparison because, again, these are preliminary reports. Not all these will turn out to be true myocarditis or pericarditis reports," cautioned Dr. Tom Shimabukuro, a CDC vaccine safety official. Shimabukuro said their findings were mostly "consistent" with reports of rare cases of heart inflammation that had been studied in Israel and reported from the U.S. Department of Defense earlier this year. The CDC is working on more data and analysis on the reports ahead of the emergency meeting of its own advisers next week, he said, and also planned to analyze the risk of heart inflammation posed by catching COVID-19. The new details about myocarditis and pericarditis emerged first in presentations to a panel of independent advisers for the Food and Drug Administration, who are meeting Thursday to discuss how the regulator should approach emergency use authorization for using COVID-19 vaccines in younger children.
Claim: “Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines” (Anonymous, 2023-01-17)
Evidence (2024-09-26): Clinical Considerations: Myocarditis and Pericarditis after Receipt of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Adolescents and Young Adults Cases of myocarditis and pericarditis have rarely been observed after COVID-19 vaccination in the United States and evidence from multiple vaccine safety monitoring systems in the United States and around the globe supports a causal association between mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (i.e., Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech) and myocarditis and pericarditis. [...] - COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for everyone ages 6 months and older in the United States for the prevention of COVID-19. CDC recommends that people stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination.
Claim: “Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines” (Anonymous, 2023-01-17)
Evidence (2020-04-22): Momentum is building to speed the development of coronavirus vaccines by intentionally infecting healthy, young volunteers with the virus. A grass-roots effort has attracted nearly 1,500 potential volunteers for the controversial approach, known as a human-challenge trial. [...] COVID-19 has claimed the lives of nearly 23,000 people. More than 120,000 have recovered from the disease.
Claim: “Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines” (Anonymous, 2023-01-17)
Evidence (2023-07-19): A superficial analysis of publicly available data published by an anti-vaccine outlet named "The Exposé" went viral in December 2022. The piece, entitled "CDC quietly confirms at least 118k Children & Young Adults have 'Died Suddenly' in the USA since the roll-out of the COVID Vaccines," frequently cited its own inability to find publicly available information as evidence of a nefarious plot, claiming that: Official figures quietly published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) confirm nearly half a million children and young adults have died ever since the Food & Drug Administration first granted emergency use authorisation to a Covid-19 vaccine in the USA. This has sadly resulted in nearly 118,000 excess deaths compared to the 2015-2019 average. [...] Ultimately, The Exposé claims that "figures provided by the Office for National Statistics … are definitive proof that the Covid-19 injections increase a person's risk of dying. Which means the Covid-19 injections have been and are continuing to kill people…. This is why it should come as no surprise to find that a secret CDC report confirms half a million American children & young adults have died following the Covid vaccine roll-out."
Claim: “Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines” (Anonymous, 2023-01-17)
Evidence (2023-01-24): On 17 January 2023, the website The Exposé published an article, proclaiming in the headline that "Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters ‘Died Suddenly’ in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines". Citing excess death statistics in the U.S. and non-COVID death statistics in the U.K., the article alleged that these were due to COVID-19 vaccination. No author was listed in the article’s byline, as is typically the case for articles by the Exposé, but an investigation by the organization Logically found that the website was owned by an individual named Jonathan Allen-Walker. [...] None of those datasets were included by The Exposé, which then ascribed excess deaths in the U.S. to COVID-19 vaccination by citing data from the U.K. Office of National Statistics (ONS) instead, specifically the report titled "Deaths by Vaccination Status, England, 1 January 2021 to 31 May 2022". Showing a graph of non-COVID deaths in people aged 18 to 39 in England for January to May 2022, the article highlighted the spikes in deaths in those who received one dose of vaccine compared to unvaccinated people. [...] Overall, these observations are inconsistent with the claim that COVID-19 vaccines are responsible for excess deaths in the young. Instead, the evidence points to COVID-19 as the main cause of excess deaths in the U.S. Rather than contributing to excess deaths, COVID-19 vaccines can instead help to minimize such deaths, given that they are highly effective at reducing a person’s risk of severe disease.
Claim: “Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines” (Anonymous, 2023-01-17)
Evidence (2023-08-11): A new report reveals that a secret Centers for Disease Control document confirms that nearly 120,000 children and young adults died "due to the COVID-19 vaccine’s dangerous side effects." [...] The report elaborated, "Compared to other countries, the U.S. government has been terrible at publishing relevant and up-to-date data allowing us to analyze the consequences of rolling out the COVID-19 injections. However, we have finally managed to stumble upon it thanks to an institution known as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OEC)." [...] The report said the number of excess deaths surged after the rollout of the COVID-19 shots.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2019-08-11): It is clear from many lines of evidence that human activities—not solar activity—are responsible for modern climate change.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2014-08-17): Changes in solar activity have previously been proposed to cause decadal- to millennial-scale fluctuations in both the modern and Holocene climates1. Direct observational records of solar activity, such as sunspot numbers, exist for only the past few hundred years, so solar variability for earlier periods is typically reconstructed from measurements of cosmogenic radionuclides such as 10Be and 14C from ice cores and tree rings2,3. Here we present a high-resolution 10Be record from the ice core collected from central Greenland by the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP). The record spans from 22,500 to 10,000 years ago, and is based on new and compiled data4,5,6. Using 14C records7,8 to control for climate-related influences on 10Be deposition, we reconstruct centennial changes in solar activity. We find that during the Last Glacial Maximum, solar minima correlate with more negative δ18O values of ice and are accompanied by increased snow accumulation and sea-salt input over central Greenland. We suggest that solar minima could have induced changes in the stratosphere that favour the development of high-pressure blocking systems located to the south of Greenland, as has been found in observations and model simulations for recent climate9,10. [...] Figure 4: Solar forcing response in twentieth-century reanalysis23 and a coupled chemistry–climate model.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2021-12-29): Solar Activity and Climate Change at the End of the Ice Age and Transition to the Holocene
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2023-07-06): Although the sun provides nearly all the energy needed to warm the planet, its contribution to climate change remains widely questioned. Many empirically based studies claim that it has a significant effect on climate, while others (often based on computer global climate simulations) claim that it has a small effect. [...] Modeling the total solar activity (TSA) change effect on the climate [...] This result suggests that about 80% of the solar influence on the climate may not be induced by TSI forcing alone, but rather by other sun-climate processes (e.g., by a solar magnetic modulation of cosmic ray and other particle fluxes, and/or others). These alternative mechanisms must be thoroughly investigated and physically understood before trustworthy GCMs can be created to correctly interpret climate change and produce reliable climate change projections for the future.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2023-05-05): It is equally dangerous to evaluate other solar/heliospheric/terrestrial indices from sunspot numbers by extrapolating an empirical relation obtained for the last few decades back in time. This is because the last decades (after the 1950s) were well covered by direct observations of solar, terrestrial and heliospheric parameters, corresponding to a very high level of solar activity. After a steep rise in the activity level between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, the activity remained at a roughly constant high level, being totally dominated by the 11-year cycle without a long-term trend. Accordingly, all empirical relations built based on data for this period are focused on the 11-year variability and can overlook possible long-term trends (Mursula et al. 2003). This may affect all regression-based reconstructions, whose results cannot be independently (directly or indirectly) tested. In particular, this may be related to solar irradiance reconstructions, which are often based on regression-like models, built and verified using data from the last three solar cycles, when there was no strong trend in solar activity. [...] Lal D, Jull AJT, Pollard D, Vacher L (2005) Evidence for large century time-scale changes in solar activity in the past 32 Kyr, based on in-situ cosmogenic \(^{14}\)C in ice at Summit, Greenland. Earth Planet Sci Lett 234:335–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.011 [...] Mursula K, Martini D (2006) Centennial increase in geomagnetic activity: latitudinal differences and global estimates. J Geophys Res 111:A08209. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011549
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2020-10-29): If the Sun were to intensify its energy output then, yes, it would warm our world. Indeed, sunspot data indicate there was a small increase in the amount of incoming sunlight between the late 1800s and the mid-1900s that experts estimate contributed to at most up to 0.1°C of the 1.0°C (1.8°F) of warming observed since the pre-industrial era. However, there has been no significant net change in the Sun’s energy output from the late 1970s to the present, which is when we have observed the most rapid global warming. Learn more.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2019-11-30): The amount of solar energy Earth receives has followed the Sun’s natural 11-year cycle of small ups and downs, with no net increase since the 1950s. Over the same period, global temperature has risen markedly. It is therefore extremely unlikely that the Sun has caused the observed global temperature warming trend over the past half-century.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2021-01-04): The Sun provides the principal energy input into the Earth system and solar variability represents a significant external climate forcing. Although observations of solar activity (sunspots) cover only the last about 400 years, radionuclides produced by cosmic rays and stored in tree rings or ice cores serve as proxies for solar activity extending back thousands of years. However, the presence of weather-induced noise or low temporal resolution of long, precisely dated records hampers cosmogenic nuclide-based studies of short-term solar variability such as the 11-yr Schwabe cycle. Here we present a continuous, annually resolved atmospheric 14C concentration (fractionation-corrected ratio of 14CO2 to CO2) record reconstructed from absolutely dated tree rings covering nearly all of the last millennium (ad 969–1933). The high-resolution and precision 14C record reveals the presence of the Schwabe cycle over the entire time range. The record confirms the ad 993 solar energetic particle event and reveals two new candidates (ad 1052 and ad 1279), indicating that strong solar events that might be harmful to modern electronic systems probably occur more frequently than previously thought.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2009-09-01): Averaged over the complete solar cycle, there’s been minimal long-term change in the Sun’s overall brightness since the start of the Industrial Revolution. Records of sunspots show increased solar activity during the first 7 decades of the 20th century, likely tied to the peak of the last 100-year Gleissberg Cycle. Following that peak around 1960, solar activity declined. In fact, activity during the most recent solar cycle is among the lowest in a century. Meanwhile, the rate of global warming has accelerated over the past few decades. [...] Taken together, the increasing solar activity of the first half of the 20th century and the decreasing activity since then have largely canceled each other out in terms of their influence on global temperature. In the Sixth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, experts concluded that the best estimate for the influence of the Sun on climate between the pre-industrial (1850-1900) and the present (2010-2019) was that it added 0.01 Watts per square meter to the global energy imbalance causing global warming. Such a small energy imbalance (scientists call it a radiative forcing) is likely to be responsible for no more than 0.01 degrees Celsius of warming over that period. That’s 100 times smaller than the overall warming that’s occurred on Earth over the industrial period, which the IPCC estimates as 0.95–1.2 degrees Celsius in 2011–2020 versus 1850–1900.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2018-09-04): The Sun has an 11-year geomagnetic cycle. From the peak to the minimum, the average amount of energy reaching the top of Earth’s atmosphere varies by about 0.1%. It’s a small difference: in an average cycle, it’s only enough to warm or cool Earth’s surface temperature by approximately 0.05 degrees Celsius. (There also appears to have been a small, long-term increase in solar activity in the early twentieth century, which added to the human-caused global warming trend during that period).
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2024-05-09): Fossil fuel era [edit]The link between recent solar activity and climate has been quantified and is not a major driver of the warming that has occurred since early in the twentieth century.[24] Human-induced forcings are needed to reproduce the late-20th century warming.[25] Some studies associate solar cycle-driven irradiation increases with part of twentieth century warming.[26][27] [...] Benestad and Schmidt[45] concluded that "the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 ± 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980." This paper disagreed with Scafetta and West,[46] who claimed that solar variability has a significant effect on climate forcing. Based on correlations between specific climate and solar forcing reconstructions, they argued that a "realistic climate scenario is the one described by a large preindustrial secular variability (e.g., the paleoclimate temperature reconstruction by Moberg et al.)[47] with TSI experiencing low secular variability (as the one shown by Wang et al.).[48] Under this scenario, they claimed the Sun might have contributed 50% of the observed global warming since 1900.[49] Stott et al. estimated that the residual effects of the prolonged high solar activity during the last 30 years account for between 16% and 36% of warming from 1950 to 1999.[50]
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2010-06-24): Scientists are still debating whether or not the Sun’s activity increased during the latter half of the 20th century, but even the highest estimates of activity can’t account for the warming observed since about 1950. Studies do show that solar variability has significantly influenced past climate changes. For example, a decrease in solar activity is thought to have triggered the Northern Hemisphere’s Little Ice Age between approximately 1650 and 1850, when temperatures dipped low enough that rivers that don’t freeze in today’s human-warmed climate froze over. [...] Regardless, even when scientists assume that solar activity is increasing based on proxy data and the satellite record, they can’t account for all of the warming observed at the end of the twentieth century. Climate models can only reproduce the warming observed since 1950 when a rise in greenhouse gases is built into the system.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2019-09-06): According to the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the current scientific consensus is that long and short-term variations in solar activity play only a very small role in Earth’s climate. Warming from increased levels of human-produced greenhouse gases is actually many times stronger than any effects due to recent variations in solar activity.
Claim: Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change (Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv, 2019-08-11)
Evidence (2024-06-21): Variations in solar activity have been proposed to play an important role in recent and past climate change. To study this link on longer timescales, it is essential to know how the Sun has varied over the past millennia. Direct observations of solar variability based on sunspot numbers are limited to the past 400 years, and beyond this we rely on records of cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 14C and 10Be in tree rings and ice cores. Their atmospheric production rates depend on the flux of incoming galactic cosmic rays, which is modulated by Earth’s and the Sun’s magnetic fields, the latter being linked to solar variability. Here we show that accounting for differences in hemispherical production rates, related to geomagnetic field asymmetries, helps resolve so far unexplained differences in Holocene solar activity reconstructions. We find no compelling evidence for long-term variations in solar activity and show that variations in cosmogenic radionuclide production rates on millennial timescales and longer, including the 2,400-year Hallstatt cycle, are explained by variations in the geomagnetic field. Our results also suggest an on-average stronger dipole moment during the Holocene, associated with higher field intensities in the Southern Hemisphere.