copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-23): Sea of Azov, inland sea situated off the southern shores of Ukraine and Russia. It forms a northern extension of the Black Sea, to which it is linked on the south by the Kerch Strait. The Sea of Azov is about 210 miles (340 km) long and 85 miles (135 km) wide and has an area of about 14,500 square miles (37,600 square km). Into the Sea of Azov flow the great Don and Kuban rivers and many lesser ones such as the Mius, the Berda, the Obitochnaya, and the Yeya. In the sea’s western part lies the Arabat Spit, a 70-mile- (113-kilometre-) long sandbar that separates it from the Syvash, a system of marshy inlets that divides the Crimean Peninsula from the Ukrainian mainland. [...] The Sea of Azov is rich in marine life as a result of its shallowness, the excellent mixing and even warming of the water, and the input of great quantities of nutrient material by the rivers. The sea’s fauna includes more than 300 species of invertebrates and about 80 species of fish, including sturgeon, perch, bream, herring, sea-roach, gray mullet, minnow, shemaja, and bullheads. Sardines and anchovies are particularly abundant. The Sea of Azov handles much freight and passenger traffic, although the progress of heavy oceangoing craft is hampered by shallowness at some points. Icebreakers assist in winter navigation. Principal ports are Taganrog, Mariupol, Yeysk, and Berdyansk.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-03-22): Covering an area of about 39,000 km2, the Sea of Azov is a northern extension of the Black Sea and is located in Eastern Europe. The Sea of Azov is an internal sea of the countries of Ukraine and Russia that is linked with the Atlantic Ocean via the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. [...] The Sea of Azov is bordered by Ukraine in the northwest and by Russia in the southeast. It is connected to the Black Sea in the south via the Strait of Kerch, which has a width of about 4km at its narrowest point. The Kerch Strait is located between the Crimean Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The Sea of Azov measures about 360 km long and has a maximum width of 180 km. The sea is regarded as one of the world’s shallowest seas with a maximum depth of only 14 m and an average depth of about 7 m. The two large rivers that drain into the Sea of Azov are the Don and Kuban rivers. Several smaller rivers also flow into the sea including the Berda, Mius, Yeya, Beysug, Molochna, Kalmius, Atmanai rivers. The deposits and inflow from these rivers are responsible for the low salinity of the Sea of the Azov.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-05-28): The Sea of Azov (Russian: Азо́вское мо́ре - Azovskoye more; Ukrainian: Озівськe or Азо́вське мо́ре - Ozivs'ke or Azovs'ke more) is the world's shallowest sea, linked by the Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea to the south. It is bounded on the north by Ukraine, on the east by Russia and on the west by the Crimean peninsula. The Don River flows into it. [...] Other websites [change | change source]Media related to Sea of Azov at Wikimedia Commons
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-01-01): Azov, Sea of (Map: Sea of Azov) (Latin: Palus Maeotis; Greek: Μαιώτις [Maeotian Swamp or Maeotian Sea]; old Rus': Surozke more; Ukrainian: Ozivske more). A shallow branch of the Black Sea, connected to it by the Kerch Strait. It covers a part of the Black Sea Depression lying between the Donets Ridge and the Azov Upland in the north and the foothills of the Crimean Mountains and the Caucasus Mountains in the south. The Sea of Azov is located between mainland Ukraine in the north, the Crimea in the west, and the Kuban region in the east. In the northeast it is bordered by the Don region. The large rivers that flow into the Sea of Azov—the Don River and the Kuban River—connect it with the continental heartland. The Sea of Azov now lies within the borders of Ukraine and the Russian Federation.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Sea of Azov, Inland sea in Europe between Ukraine and Russia. It is connected to the Black Sea by Kerch Strait. About 210 mi (340 km) long and 85 mi (135 km) wide, it occupies an area of 14,500 sq mi (37,600 sq km). With a maximum depth of only about 46 ft (14 m), it is the world’s shallowest sea. It is fed by the Don and Kuban rivers, and at their entrance in the Taganrog Gulf, its depth is 3 ft (1 m) or less. In the west lies the Arabat Spit, a 70-mi- (113–km-) long sandbar that separates the Sea of Azov from the Syvash, a system of marshy inlets dividing the Crimean Peninsula from the Ukrainian mainland.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-29): Ukraine says the move violated the 2003 agreement between the two nations on treating the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait as shared waters without any restrictions. [...] The strait that connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov has significant political, military and economic importance for Ukraine. Losing access to it would cut off the ports of Ukraine’s Mariupol and Berdyansk cities from the Black Sea, essentially turning the Sea of Azov into a backwater for the country.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-09-25): The Sea of Azov is a small body of water surrounded by Russia and Ukraine connected to the Black Sea by the Kerch Strait. It is a shallow body of water and has proven to be strategically important for centuries. Today, the Sea of Azov is important for three geopolitical reasons. First, the Sea of Azov is vital for Ukraine’s economic and military wellbeing. Along the coastline lies Mariupol, Ukraine’s 10th-largest city and one of the country’s leading trade ports. Mariupol is also near the frontlines of the fighting in the Donbas. Under the 2003 Treaty on the Legal Status of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait, both the Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait are shared territorial waters between Russia and Ukraine. However, Russia illegally delays Ukrainian commercial ships from passing through the Kerch Strait. Considering the importance of the strait for Ukraine’s sea-based exports, the economic impact of Russia’s actions is expected to be severe. [...] Second, the Sea of Azov is important for Russia’s continued occupation of Crimea for logistical reasons. With Ukraine still controlling access to the Isthmus of Perekop, the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait play a role in connecting mainland Russia with Crimea and allows the resupply of Russian troops based there.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-30): Last Sunday, two small Ukrainian artillery ships and a tugboat were prevented by Russian vessels from crossing the narrow Kerch Strait and reaching the Ukrainian port of Mariupol on the Sea of Azov, which both countries share. [...] Mariupol sits on the Sea of Azov, a small, shallow body of water that is shared by Russia and Ukraine under a 2003 treaty. Its only outlet to the Black Sea is through the Kerch Strait, a 15km-wide channel that is spanned by a recently completed and highly controversial bridge linking Russia to annexed Crimea. [...] Kiev and the West are also calling on Russia to end a de facto blockade of Ukrainian ports in the Sea of Azov, which this week prevented dozens of commercial ships from entering or leaving the area through the Kerch Strait.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-12-17): In adopting the resolution "The problem of militarization of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (Ukraine), as well as parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov" (document A/73/L.47), by a recorded vote of 66 in favour to 19 against, with 72 abstentions, the Assembly expressed concern about the use of force by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, including seizing three Ukrainian vessels on 25 November. It also called for the release of Ukraine’s vessels and crew members it captured. [...] The Assembly further condemned the increasing military presence of the Russian Federation in parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It called on the Russian Federation to refrain from impeding the lawful exercise of navigational rights and freedoms and stressed that the presence of Russian troops in Crimea is contrary to the territorial integrity of Ukraine.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-10-09): It is particularly with respect to the 2016 UNCLOS claims that the broader territorial dispute concerning Crimea may be implicated, and even more so than in the ICJ proceedings.Footnote 25 This is because they involve claims that Russia has violated Ukraine's rights as the coastal State under UNCLOS in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait.Footnote 26 Given the law of the sea principle that sovereignty over maritime areas is determined by sovereignty over adjacent land (the so-called ‘land dominates the sea’ principle), this requires a determination of which State is the territorial sovereign in Crimea.Footnote 27 Indeed, in contrast to its pleadings thus far in the UNCLOS dispute relating to the November 2018 Kerch Strait incident,Footnote 28 Ukraine does not dispute that its 2016 claims are premised on its sovereignty over Crimea.Footnote 29 These particular UNCLOS claims thus seem to implicate the sovereignty dispute over Crimea.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-07-18): On April 23, the FAA issued a Notice to Airman (NOTAM) prohibiting U.S. carriers from flying over the Crimean region and portions adjacent to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It didn't cover the air space where MH17 crashed. "This action was taken due to the unilateral and illegal action by Russia to assert control over Crimean air space, including international air space administered by Ukraine, without agreement by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)," the FAA said in a statement. Similar notices were issued by other countries.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-26): 25. Demand Russia to stop obstructing the freedom of navigation in the Sea of Azov and Black Sea, causing severe regional and international disruptions, in particular in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and the global food security.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-07-24): URZUF, Ukraine — From his watch post overlooking the sandy beaches of the Azov Sea, Nemets is charged with guarding the shoreline against a possible Russian incursion. [...] Nemets, who prefers to go only by his nom de guerre, comes from the central Ukrainian city of Kirovohrad and is a member of the all-volunteer Azov Battalion, one of Ukraine’s many paramilitary groups formed in response to the government’s struggle against pro-Russian separatists in the country’s east, the territory where a Malaysia Airlines jet was shot down on July 17.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-21): The Ukrainian ships had attempted to pass from Ukraine’s port at Odessa to its port at Mariupol, on the Sea of Azov. Doing so requires transiting the very narrow and shallow Kerch Strait, over which Russia has now built a road and rail bridge connecting Russia with Russian-occupied Crimea. The Ukrainian vessels refused to recognize Russia’s assertion of unilateral control over the strait or to comply with the instructions of the Russian Coast Guard to wait outside the strait. The ships proceeded anyway and were first blocked, then attacked by the Russian Coast Guard. By firing on the Ukrainian naval ships in international waters, by treating Ukraine’s sailors as civilians rather than members of a sovereign state’s armed forces, and by basing these actions on its claimed annexation of Crimea and its territorial waters, Russia violated international law, the laws of armed conflict, and a 2003 bilateral agreement in which Russia and Ukraine agreed to share sovereignty and control over the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait. Russia argues that it now has sole sovereignty over the strait; most of the world disagrees. [...] On the economic side, the European Union and United States should introduce sanctions tied specifically to Russia’s unilateral claim to control the Kerch Straits and access to the Sea of Azov. The United States should also redouble efforts to persuade Germany to defer the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project, at least as long as Russia’s aggression against Ukraine continues—or better yet, to cancel it altogether.
Claim: Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia (Sea of Azov, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-12-09): The Russian Federation’s violations of international law have led to a dangerous escalation of tensions at the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov, he said. The European Union notes the release of unlawfully detained Ukrainian seamen and the return to Ukraine of the three vessels seized a year ago in the Black Sea near the Kerch Strait. The Union has repeatedly stressed that the Russian Federation needs to comply with the 25 May 2019 order of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea and return the seized vessels to Ukraine. It was deeply disturbed to read reports about the dismantled state in which the vessels were returned to their legitimate owners. The European Union condemns the construction of the Kerch Bridge without Ukraine’s consent, which is an additional violation of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Union expects the Russian Federation to ensure unhindered and free passage of all ships through the Kerch Strait to and from the Azov Sea, in accordance with international law.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, and Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.[37][38][2][39] They exercise administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy drew attention to this fact in August 2022 when he stated that it was "necessary to liberate Crimea" from Russian occupation and to re-establish "world law and order".[103]
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-06-23): Crimea is a peninsula in eastern Europe at the top of the Black Sea. Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine in March 2014 in part of a wider conflict between pro-Russian separatists and Ukrainian forces.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-07-23): After the Revolution of Dignity in February 2014, Russian troops took control of the territory.[8] Russia formally annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014, incorporating the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol as the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia.[9] While Russia and 17 other UN member states recognize Crimea as part of the Russian Federation, Ukraine continues to claim Crimea as an integral part of its territory, supported by most foreign governments and United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262.[10] [...] Ukraine, meanwhile, continues to claim Crimea as its territory and in 2015 the Ukrainian parliament designated 20 February 2014 as the (official) date of the start of "the temporary occupation of Crimea."[1] On 27 March 2014 100 United Nations member states voted for United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262 affirming the General Assembly's commitment to the territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders while 11 member states voted against, 58 abstained and 24 member states absented.[10] Since then six countries (Cuba, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Syria, Afghanistan, and North Korea) have publicly recognized Russia's annexation of Crimea while others have stated support for the 16 March 2014 Crimean referendum.[55] [...] - ^ a b Regions and territories: The Republic of Crimea, BBC News - ^ "Government Portal of The Autonomous Republic of Crimea". Kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-15): It is not clear what, if any, effect such a law would have on the international legal status of Crimea as part of sovereign Ukrainian territory. But it suggests a degree of nervousness in Moscow regarding its grip on the peninsula.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-17): Brunei is a stable, developed country in Southeast Asia. The nation is governed by an absolute "Malay Muslim Monarchy" with no official political or social opposition. There are no threats to the existing leadership, nor is there a credible risk of uncertainty over royal succession. Unrest and terrorism pose little threat in the country, partly due to an extensive welfare system that has minimized potential socio-economic grievances. Crime rates are similarly low, with the recent implementation of sharia law, an Islamic legal system that outlines severe corporal punishments, providing an even stronger deterrent to illicit activities. Some law provisions apply to non-Muslims as well. Brunei is generally safe from powerful earthquakes and strong storm systems. Adequate healthcare is available, although modern and major hospitals are limited to urban centers.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Brunei,[b] officially Brunei Darussalam,[c][d] is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with its territory bifurcated by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state entirely on Borneo; the remainder of the island is divided between its multi-landmass neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia. As of 2023[update], the country had a population of 455,858,[11] of whom approximately 180,000 resided in the capital and largest city of Bandar Seri Begawan. Its official language is Malay and Islam is the state religion of the country, although other religions are nominally tolerated. The government of Brunei is a constitutional absolute monarchy ruled by the Sultan, and it implements a fusion of English common law and jurisprudence inspired by Islam, including sharia. [...] Brunei is a southeast Asian country consisting of two unconnected parts with a total area of 5,765 square kilometres (2,226 sq mi) on the island of Borneo. It has 161 kilometres (100 mi) of coastline next to the South China Sea, and it shares a 381 km (237 mi) border with Malaysia. It has 500 square kilometres (193 sq mi) of territorial waters, and a 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone.[71]
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-28): Brunei is an incredibly small country that covers an area of 5,765 sq. km (2,226 sq mi) on the island of Borneo. It has a 161 km (100 mi) coastline along the South China Sea. It can be seen on the map above that Brunei is divided into two non-contiguous territories that are separated by the Malaysian State of Sarawak. Brunei shares two separate borders with Malaysia. [...] Brunei Darussalam (officially, Nation of Brunei) is divided into 4 districts. In alphabetical order, these districts are: Belait, Brunei dan Muara, Temburong and Tutong. These districts are further divided into 38 sub-districts and several smaller subdivisions of villages (kampong) and municipalities (bandaran). [...] The country of Brunei is located along the northern coast of the Borneo Island in Southeast Asia. It is situated both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Brunei is bordered by the South China Sea in the north and on all other sides by Malaysia. Brunei is divided into two non-contiguous parts by a portion of the Malaysian State of Sarawak. Brunei shares its maritime borders with China and Malaysia.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-31): In 2022, President Volodymyr Zelensky cemented Ukraine's goal of liberating all its territories, including Crimea, in a peace formula he presented at the G20 summit in Bali.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): The dispute began during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but did not escalate into a conflict until the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, when Russian special forces were deployed to occupy Crimea and took over its government buildings.[6][7][8] The official results of an internationally unrecognized referendum held during the occupation allegedly indicated overwhelming support for Russian annexation.[9] The Crimean parliament and the autonomous city of Sevastopol unilaterally declared independence from Ukraine[10][11] to ideally form a country named Republic of Crimea. Russia then annexed the region and created two federal subjects, the Republic of Crimea (as a republic) and Sevastopol (as a federal city). Ukraine and the majority of the international community continue to regard Crimea as occupied Ukrainian territory; a United Nations General Assembly resolution declared the referendum invalid and affirmed the territorial integrity of Ukraine.[12] Despite international opinion however, the currency, tax, time zone and legal system are all operational under de facto Russian control. Ukraine has attempted to resolve the matter by filing litigation in multiple international criminal, environmental, political (European Union), and other courts. [...] - ^ a b "Крым – ваш: кто в мире признал полуостров частью России / Крым.net" [Crimea is yours: who in the world recognized the peninsula as part of Russia]. Ikrim.net. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-11-22): Regions and territories: Crimea The Republic of Crimea, a part of Ukraine, lies on a peninsula stretching out from the south of Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It is separated from Russia to the east by the narrow Kerch Strait.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-06-24): Crimea, formerly known as the Tauric Peninsula, is a peninsula in Eastern Europe surrounded by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connect the peninsula to Kherson on mainland Ukraine, with the Strait of Kerch separating it from Kuban, Russia. However, it is linked to the Russian region by the Crimea Bridge. Crimea covers an area of approximately 27,000 square kilometers, roughly the size of the US state of Massachusetts. The peninsula has been a subject of dispute between Ukraine and Russia, with the dispute popularly referred to as the Crimean Question or the Crimean Problem. Although Russia administers Crimea, most international governments consider the peninsula a Ukrainian territory. [...] Currently, Crimea is a disputed territory between Ukraine and Russia, with both countries considering the peninsula as their respective republics. Ukraine claims the region as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, while Russia claims it as the Republic of Crimea. When Ukraine reestablished itself as an independent state, Crimea renamed itself to the Republic of Crimea. Although Ukraine did not initially oppose the name, it did not accept the peninsula’s claim of being a state. In 1992, Russia declared the 1954 Crimea transfer illegal, a move that Ukraine condemned.
Claim: Crimea is a territory of Brunei (Crimea, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-03-09): Indonesia, Brunei and the Philippines condemned Moscow’s attack on Ukraine, but did not name Russia as the aggressor.