copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-29): The Philippines has stood by its removal of China's barriers in the South China Sea and said it will continue defending its territory. Beijing has protested the removal of the buoys, heightening a long-running dispute over the Scarborough Shoal. [...] The Scarborough Shoal is one of several reefs and outcrops in the South China Sea that are claimed by both the Philippines and China.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-03-09): The Philippine claim to Bajo de Masinloc, otherwise referred to as Scarborough Shoal, finds solid basis in international law. The territorial claim of the Philippines over Bajo de Masinloc is strong relative to the claim of China as well as with respect to the principles on the acquisition of territory in international law, in particular, on the basis of effective occupation. The sovereign rights and jurisdiction asserted by the Philippines over the maritime entitlements of the features in Bajo de Masinloc are founded on principles of international law and consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which both the Philippines and China have signed and ratified. This paper aims to examine the Philippine claim over Bajo de Masinloc particularly focusing on the 2012 standoff between the Philippines and China and the arbitration case filed by the Philippines against China over the West Philippine Sea. [...] This paper adopts the Philippine name of Scarborough Shoal, which is Bajo de Masinloc. This paper treats China and Taiwan as one claimant and assumes that their positions over the Bajo de Masinloc are identical. [...] R. de Castro, China’s Realpolitik Approach in the South China Sea Dispute: The Case of the 2012 Scarborough Shoal Standoff, Managing Tensions in the South China Sea Conference, Center for Strategic and International Studies (2013), at 5; Department of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines, Philippines Asserts Sovereignty over Panatag (Scarborough) Shoal, Official Gazette (2012), available athttp://www.gov.ph/2012/04/11/philippines-asserts-sovereignty-over-panatag-scarborough-shoal/ (last visited Sept. 30, 2013).
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-24): Overview [edit]The Scarborough Shoal is claimed by both the Philippines and China. On April 8, 2012, a Philippine Navy surveillance plane spotted eight Chinese fishing vessels anchored in the waters of the shoal. BRP Gregorio del Pilar was sent on the same day by the Philippine Navy to survey the vicinity of the shoal, and confirmed the presence of the fishing vessels and their ongoing activities. On April 10, 2012, BRP Gregorio del Pilar came to inspect the catch of the fishing vessels. The Filipino inspection team claimed that they discovered illegally collected corals, giant clams, and live sharks inside the first vessel boarded by the team. BRP Gregorio del Pilar reported that they attempted to arrest the Chinese fishermen but were blocked by Chinese maritime surveillance ships, China Marine Surveillance 75 (Zhongguo Haijian 75) and China Marine Surveillance 84 (Zhongguo Haijian 84). Since then, tensions have continued between the two countries.[1][2][3] [...] Hong Kong protests [edit]Hong Kong activists organized a protest on May 11, to reiterate China's claim over the Scarborough shoal near the Philippine Consulate in Hong Kong. The protesters sent an open letter to the authorities claiming that the Scarborough shoal has been a Chinese territory since 1279 during the Yuan Dynasty. They also accuse the Philippines of inciting anti-China demonstrations among Filipinos and disrupting Chinese fishermen in the shoal.[16]
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-02-13): Scarborough Shoal is a rock in the South China Sea, approximately 120 nautical miles west of the Philippine island of Luzon. There are no structures built on Scarborough Shoal, but the feature is effectively controlled by China, which has maintained a constant coast guard presence at the feature since 2012. U.S. Board of Geographic Names: Scarborough Shoal [...] A Chinese coast guard vessel in pursuit of a Philippine fishing boat. November 18, 2015
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-05-26): China has long claimed sovereignty over Scarborough and other shoals, reefs and barren islands in the West Philippine Sea. It sits inside the Philippines' exclusive economic zone but is also part of the broader South China Sea. [...] But it emphasised that it was not deciding sovereignty over Scarborough Shoal and the tribunal noted that it would reach the same conclusion with respect to the traditional fishing rights of Chinese fishermen if the Philippines were to prevent fishing by Chinese nationals at Scarborough Shoal. [...] China this month reiterated its claim to Scarborough Shoal in a statement retaliating to an online attack by the Philippines' Foreign Secretary, Teodoro Locsin. It also denied there were armed militia on any of its vessels.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-07): South China Sea: The battle for Scarborough Shoal Five years ago this month, the Philippines won a landmark legal victory over China, concerning territorial incursions in the disputed South China Sea. A tribunal at the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled that Beijing had been unlawful in its occupation and blockade of traditional Filipino fishing grounds, including Scarborough Shoal.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-23): Filipino fisherman to China’s coast guard on disputed shoal: `This is Philippine territory. Go away’ [...] The fishermen, led by Saligan, reported to the Philippine coast guard that Chinese coast guard personnel drove them away from the disputed Scarborough Shoal off the northwestern Philippines and ordered them to dump their catch of fish and seashells. [...] China took control of the Scarborough Shoal in 2012 after a standoff between Chinese and Philippine ships, prompting Manila to bring the dispute to international arbitration. A United Nations-backed tribunal ruled in 2016 that China’s expansive claims in the South China Sea on historical grounds were invalid and that Beijing had violated the right of Filipinos to fish in the shoal.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-04-08): MANILA, Philippines – Ten years ago, the Philippines and China were locked in a tense blockade at Scarborough Shoal, prompting Manila to file – and later win – its historic arbitration case against Beijing. But after years of neglecting the legal victory, paths for the Philippines to assert the ruling in the reef have narrowed, with some analysts warning of a crucial window closing as a new administration takes over in Manila. Scarborough Shoal, known as Panatag Shoal or Bajo de Masinloc in the Philippines, was declared a common fishing ground for Filipinos, Chinese, and Vietnamese by the United Nations-backed tribunal in 2016. The landmark case was hoped to pave the way for a lasting settlement of disputes in a vital waterway, although no agreement of the sort was had been made in succeeding years. [...] In recent years, the Philippines has hardened its position in the West Philippine Sea by increasing patrols near the shoal, with the Department of Foreign Affairs mounting a public pushback against China’s actions. These moves, though welcomed by its allies, were long overdue and still ways away from ensuring that Filipinos could access Scarborough Shoal.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-15): The Philippines claims the northeastern section of the Spratly Islands as the Kalayaan Island Group, in addition to the Scarborough Shoal, which it calls the Bajo de Masinloc. Malaysia claims part of the Kalayaan Island, while China and Taiwan claim the entirety of the island group. China and Taiwan also claim the Scarborough Shoal, which is currently patrolled by Chinese maritime law enforcement vessels. In addition, the body of water enclosed within the nine-dash line promulgated by China and Taiwan overlaps with the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelf. [...] The Philippines claims that title to Scarborough Shoal passed from Spain to the United States in 1898 along with all other Spanish maritime features surrounding the Philippines archipelago. Following independence from the United States, the Philippines inherited title to the Scarborough Shoal. [...] April 2012: The Philippines deployed a warship and maritime patrol vessels to Scarborough Shoal in response to the presence of Chinese fishing boats, leading to a diplomatic standoff.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-10-11): The general U.S. policy of neutrality on questions of sovereignty over South China Sea land features was originally established in the 1930s in response to Japan’s pre-war annexation of the Paracel and Spratly islands. But Scarborough Shoal was treated separately and very differently from those island groups up until the 1990s. Unlike the Paracels and Spratlys, Scarborough was among the territories transferred by the United States to the Philippines upon the latter’s independence, though the shoal was not widely known. The 1900 Treaty of Washington between Spain and the United States clarified that any and all territories administered by Spain as part of the Philippine Islands, even if they were located outside the original 1898 Treaty of Paris lines circumscribing the Philippine archipelago, were ceded to Washington. The United States took over Spain’s administration of Scarborough for purposes of safety of navigation, fishing, research, search, rescue, and salvage activities. In 1938, upon official inquiries, the U.S. Department of State recognized that the United States acquired title to the shoal from Spain on the basis of the 1900 treaty, and subsequently allowed Scarborough’s transfer to the Philippines with concurrence of the Secretary of the Navy and the Secretary of Commerce.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-14): The fifth possible flashpoint is Scarborough Shoal, a high-tide rock whose territorial sea was declared by the arbitral tribunal as a common fishing ground of Philippine, Chinese and Vietnamese fishermen. Scarborough Shoal is about 120 nautical miles from the coast of the Philippines’ Zambales Province, the nearest land mass to Scarborough Shoal. China seized Scarborough Shoal from the Philippines in mid-2012, triggering the arbitration case that the Philippines filed against China. China plans to dredge Scarborough Shoal and convert it into an air and naval base to complete China’s control of the entire South China Sea. At present, China has no air and naval base in the northern part of the South China Sea. An air base in Scarborough Shoal will allow Chinese warplanes to cover the entire South China Sea from bases in islands on the eastern and western side of the South China Sea. It will also allow Chinese warplanes to easily reach the Bashi Channel, the gateway to the Pacific for China’s nuclear-armed submarines whose ballistic missiles at present can reach the continental United States only if fired from the Pacific Ocean. Of course, a Chinese air and naval base in Scarborough Shoal will be important for China if it invades Taiwan.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-10-11): Scarborough Shoal lies about 120 nautical miles from the main Philippine island of Luzon and 185 nautical miles from Manila. It is situated in an otherwise empty area of the South China Sea more than 250 nautical miles from each of the region’s two disputed island groups, the Paracels to the northwest and the Spratlys to the southwest. Were China to undertake reclamation at Scarborough, it would allow the Chinese military to maintain a presence throughout the South China Sea and even extend its reach over parts of the Philippine home islands. That would have enormous strategic implications for both the Philippines and the United States, which just negotiated U.S. access to five Philippine bases under the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement. [...] The final and most difficult step to blocking Chinese reclamation at Scarborough Shoal will be having Philippine assets prepared to intervene at short notice. Despite the severe gaps in its naval and coast guard capabilities, the Philippines, not the United States, must take the lead in confronting Chinese activities at Scarborough. The shoal includes several rocks that entitle it to a territorial sea. Sending a U.S. naval vessel into the territorial sea of a disputed feature in the absence of any use of force by China would violate (or at least seriously muddy) the very international laws and norms that the United States is looking to uphold. Even if successful in blocking Chinese reclamation, such a U.S. operation would be a Pyrrhic victory.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-15): The Philippine coast guard deployed three patrol ships and a light plane to keep watch from a distance on the group of about 100 people who set off from western Zambales province to assert Manila’s sovereignty over Scarborough Shoal and surrounding waters. Dozens of journalists joined the three-day voyage. [...] China effectively seized Scarborough Shoal, a triangle-shaped atoll with a vast fishing lagoon ringed by mostly submerged coral outcrops, by surrounding it with its coast guard ships after a tense 2012 standoff with Philippine government ships. [...] The ruling declared Scarborough Shoal a traditional fishing area for Chinese, Filipino and Vietnamese fishermen. In the past, fishermen have anchored in the shoal to avoid large waves in the high seas in stormy weather.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-31): China and the Philippines engaged in a tit-for-tat early this week after a Philippine warship sailed near Scarborough Shoal, a barren rock about 120 miles west of the island of Luzon that has become one of the region's hottest points of instability. China claims sovereignty over 80 percent of the South China Sea, pitting it against the territorial claims of Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The sea's Scarborough Shoal, known in the Philippines as Bajo de Masinloc, has effectively been under Chinese control since 2012 and is at the heart of much of the recent escalation between Beijing and Manila. [...] China moved in on Scarborough Shoal in 2012 after its maritime forces intervened to prevent Philippine law enforcement from arresting Chinese fishermen who were fishing illegally. After a weeks-long standoff both sides agreed to leave the area. The Philippines' forces honored the agreement, but China's did not, and they have maintained a presence there ever since.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-03-14): The tribunal also ruled on the legality of activities of Chinese officials and Chinese vessels in the areas of the South China Sea located within the Philippines’ EEZ and CS. It concluded that China breached the provisions of UNCLOS, in particular by (a) temporarily prohibiting fishing in areas of the South China Sea falling within the Philippines’ EEZ, (b) failing to prevent Chinese vessels from fishing in the Philippines’ EEZ at Mischief Reef and Second Thomas Shoal and (c) preventing Filipino fishermen from engaging in traditional fishing at Scarborough Shoal. Regarding China’s construction of artificial islands, installations and structures at Mischief Reef – a LTE which is part of the Philippines’ EEZ and CS – without the authorisation of the Philippines, the tribunal also found China to have violated UNCLOS. [...] Scarborough Shoal is a disputed territory claimed by China, Taiwan and the Philippines. Since the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff, access to the shoal has been restricted by China. Scarborough Shoal forms a triangle-shaped chain of reefs and rocks with a perimeter of 46 km. It covers an area, including an inner lagoon, of 150 km2. The shoal’s highest point, South Rock, measures 1.8 m above water during high tide.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-06-01): In addition, noting that "traditional fishing rights might exist even within the territorial waters of another State", the Tribunal also found jurisdiction to consider matters raised by the Philippines’ Submission 10 "to the extent that the claimed rights and alleged interference occurred within the territorial sea of Scarborough Shoal".70 In this connection the Tribunal is of the view that for the consideration of this matter, it is irrelevant whether Scarborough Shoal is a rock or island pursuant to article 121. It also noted that articles 297 and 298 have no application in the territorial sea. Similarly, the Tribunal found no impediment for it to consider matters raised by Submission 11 (on matters of the protection and preservation of the marine environment at Scarborough Shoal and Second Thomas Shoal and the application of articles 192 and 194 of UNCLOS)71 and Submission 13 (concerning operation of China’s law enforcement activities in the vicinity of Scarborough Shoal and the application of articles 21, 24, and 94 of UNCLOS "to the extent that the claimed rights and alleged interference occurred within the territorial sea of Scarborough Shoal".72
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-06-12): CANBERRA: The term "rocky relations" took on new meaning after Chinese civilian maritime enforcement ships confronted a Philippines Navy frigate in a standoff over a disputed shoal in the South China Sea. The Scarborough Shoal is marked by five rocks, the tallest of which projects 3 meters above water at high tide. The surrounding fishing grounds and, more importantly, the legal principles determining ownership and right of exploitation are at issue. [...] Both China and the Philippines claim that Scarborough Shoal is an integral part of their national territory. China refers to Scarborough Shoal as Huangyan Island, claiming "indisputable sovereignty" over the island and adjacent waters on the basis of historical discovery. [...] The Philippines refers to Scarborough Shoal as Panatag Shoal, arguing that if falls within its 200- nautical-mile EEZ. The claim rests on sovereign rights to the resources within the EEZ and continental shelf.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-31): The Philippines has said its vessels have "every right" to operate around Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea after Beijing claimed the ships entered the area illegally. "Under international law, the Philippines has the right to patrol the length and breadth of the West Philippines Sea which necessarily includes Bajo de Masinloc," National Security Adviser Eduardo Ano said in a statement on Tuesday, referring to the South China Sea and using the Philippine name for Scarborough Shoal. [...] After China seized control of Scarborough Shoal, the Philippines took its case to the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-03-31): Opinion | Why did US diplomat say Scarborough Shoal belonged to the Philippines? - Amid South China Sea tensions, Nicholas Burns’ incorrect assertion that the disputed Scarborough Shoal and Second Thomas Shoal were Philippine territory may reflect US bias at work - This highlights a hardening US stance against China and Beijing’s communication challenges He added: "The International Court of Justice, which is the relevant legal body, ruled in July 2016 decisively in favour of the Philippines. And so that that territory is the sovereign territory of the Philippines and that China’s legal claim to it has no basis in international law. All the rest of the world understands that and recognises that this is sovereign Filipino territory."
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-16): The Scarborough Shoal, a triangular coral reef formation which surrounds a lagoon, is famed for its rich waters and marine resources. It is located 124 nautical miles off Masinloc, Zambales, and is considered within the Philippines’ 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone, based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). [...] For retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio Carpio, the shoal has been in the territory of the Philippines since 1734, when it was called "Panacot." "The official maps of the Philippine territory during the Spanish regime, starting from 1734, 1808, until 1875, that’s just a few years before the Paris Treaty of 1898, all show that Scarborough Shoal is part of Philippine territory," Carpio said.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-07-07): Both the Philippines and China also lay claim to the Scarborough Shoal (known as Huangyan Island in China) - a little more than 100 miles (160km) from the Philippines and 500 miles from China. Malaysia and Brunei also lay claim to territory in the South China Sea that they say falls within their economic exclusion zones, as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, or UNCLOS. [...] In early 2012, China and the Philippines engaged in a lengthy maritime stand-off, accusing each other of intrusions in the Scarborough Shoal.
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Republic of China (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-20): Scarborough Shoal, also known as Panacot, Bajo de Masinloc ("Masinloc Shoal" in Spanish),[3][4] Huangyan Island (Mandarin Chinese: 黄岩岛; pinyin: Huáng Yán Dǎo; lit. 'yellow rock island'),[5] Minzhu Jiao (Mandarin Chinese: 民主礁; lit. 'Democracy Reef'), and Panatag Shoal (Filipino: Buhanginan ng Panatag, lit. 'serene sandbank'),[6] are two skerries located between Macclesfield Bank to the west and Luzon to the east. Luzon is 220 kilometres (119 nmi) away and the nearest landmass.[7] The atoll is a disputed territory claimed by the Republic of the Philippines through the Treaty of Washington in 1900 via the 1734 Velarde map, as well as the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). The atoll's status is often discussed in conjunction with other territorial disputes in the South China Sea, such as those involving the Spratly Islands, and the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff. In 2013, the Philippines initiated arbitration against China under UNCLOS. In 2016, the tribunal ruled that China's historic title within the nine-dash line was invalid but did not rule on sovereignty.[8][9] [...] China published a map including Scarborough Shoal as its territory in April 1935.[27]: 15
Claim: Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Republic of China (Scarborough Shoal, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-28): China’s PLA launches Scarborough Shoal drills as US, Philippine forces train together [...] The Southern Theatre of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), which is responsible for military operations in the South China Sea, said that it had organised routine exercises and training activities around Huangyan Island, the Chinese name for the Beijing-controlled Scarborough Shoal. [...] "Some external countries are meddling in the South China Sea and creating regional instability … The theatre forces remain highly vigilant, and resolutely defend national sovereignty, security, and maritime rights and interests," the post said, without explicitly referring to the Philippines or other regional US allies.