copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2009-06-01): Right in the heart the Asian continent, Bhutan shares nearly 375 miles of border with India to the south and about 290 miles with China to the north. Completely surrounded by these two gigantic countries, Bhutan is totally landlocked and has no access to the sea. As regards this, be aware, for example, that Bhutan's territory is 100% land and 0% water. This particularity is almost one of a kind on the planet. The immense Himalayan mountain range goes right across the country which counts several peaks above an altitude of 22 960 feet. The highest point is in fact the Kula Kangri which rises to an altitude of 24 773 feet. The rest of the landscape is composed for 70% of forest and also of high plateaus and valleys.
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): China and Bhutan have two border disputes Kula Kangri Mountain and parts of Haa district of Bhutan, both controlled by China and claimed by Bhutan. The ideal solution might be for China to give to Bhutan whatever the Indian map shows as being Bhutanese land along the Sino Bhutan boundary. And India should also give to Bhutan whatever land the Chinese map shows as Bhutanese land along the Indo Bhutan boundary.
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The northern region consists of an arc of glaciated mountain peaks with an extremely cold climate at the highest elevations. Most peaks in the north are over 23,000 feet (7,000 m) above sea level; the highest point is claimed to be the Kula Kangri, at 24,780 feet (7,553 m), but detailed topographic studies claim Kula Kangri is wholly in Tibet and modern Chinese measurements claim that Gangkhar Puensum, which has the distinction of being the highest unclimbed mountain in the world, is higher at 24,835 feet (7,570 m).The lowest point is in the valley of Drangme Chhu, where the river crosses the border with India. Watered by snow- fed rivers, alpine valleys in this region provide pasture for livestock, tended by a sparse population of migratory shepherds.
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-05): The rationale behind Beijing’s landgrab is not entirely clear. Unlike Doklam, which is near India and where the PRC has also pressed ahead to alter the situation on the ground through construction of roads and bunkers, control over Beyul Khenpajong would have no strategic value in the event of an India-China war. Stobdan suggests that it "may be spiritually important for the Drukpas and Nyingmapas living on the Tibetan side," something which Beijing could be playing on to boost support. [12] Alternatively, Beijing may be tightening its grip over the Beyul to pressure Thimphu to accept the package proposal. Stobdan believes that Beijing’s infrastructure buildup and "nomadic Tibetan infiltration" has been successful in the past. He notes that in 2006, Bhutan excluded Kula Kangri (an Himalayan peak) from its national map, supposedly under duress from the PRC. [13] Given such precedents, Beijing has likely learned the lesson that such pressure can pay off. In this case, as a Bhutanese official warned, the recent structures "are not temporary structures aimed at just pressuring Bhutan but seem built for the long run." They added that this activity amounts to Chinese "occupation" of the Beyul. [14] This perception is not necessarily commonly held.
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2005-09-19): On the border course, it seems that there has been no formal agreement between China and Bhutan. In this situation, there will be divergence of views. For my part, While I can accept our tendency to support the position of Bhutan in preference to that of its much larger neighbour, I will not allow that tendency to prejudice my conclusions. I argue that Kula Kangri belongs exclusively to Tibet. Nobody lives in the disputed area, so political considerations are irrelevant; therefore I argue that the most logical course for the border is along the watershed divide. In the past, the course of the divide was unclear, but now SRTM data, shown on this color relief map, clearly shows that the divide passes well to the south of Kula Kangri, which lies on a north-eastern spur. The SRTM void areas have been fixed for clarity, but the course of the divide is indisputable. Consequently Bhutan's claim that Kula Kangri is its high point should be rejected, whatever the relative elevations of KP and KK. And, despite what the Bhutanese websites and commercial maps may indicate, authorities with detailed topographical knowledge of this area tend to take this view.
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Recent reports and satellite imagery show that the Chinese have constructed a new village inside two kilometres of Bhutanese territory. The village lies on the eastern periphery of the disputed Doklam plateau where, in 2017, India and China were involved in a standoff. [...] The third and final phase is the normalisation phase, where multiple border talks have been held between the two countries and where China put pressure on Bhutan to cede Kula Kangri, the highest mountain peak in Bhutan. The Chinese government has promised Bhutan economic engagement and, over the last few years, China has started exporting telecommunication and farming products, but the border talks have not moved beyond a point.
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-28): The Himalayas peaks in Bhutan can reach as high as 7,000 m along the country's northern border with China. As observed on the physical map of Bhutan above, the tallest point in the country is the Kula Kangri. However, there is a lot of dispute regarding the location of this peak as some authorities claim it is part of Tibet. Instead, the 7,570 meters (24,840 ft) tall Gangkhar Puensum is often regarded as Bhutan's tallest peak. The latter is the world's tallest unclimbed mountain.
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-07-15): BHUTAN CEDES ITS TERRITORY TO CHINA [...] Under mounting pressure from China and its encroachment policy, Bhutan revised its map. Its new map, shown to the members of Parliament, excluded the tallest mountain of Bhutan - Kula Kangri or KK. Bhutan lost its glacial reserve as a gift to China. The new map was approved by Bhutan's Parliament and signed by its king. But, this did not end its border disputes with China, which had some other ideas. China has not officially accepted territorial control over Kula Kangri.
Claim: Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan (Kula Kangri, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2003-06-22): Highest point on mainland : Kula Kangri (7,553 meters/24,781 feet) [...] Bhutan has no territories or dependencies. [...] The mountains of Bhutan are known for their dramatic differences in elevation. Elevations vary from approximately 305 meters (1,000 feet) in the south to almost 7,620 meters (25,000 feet) in the north—in some places as close together as 100 kilometers (60 miles). The snowcapped Great Himalayas rise along the Tibetan border, stretching across Bhutan in a belt about 16 kilometers (10 miles) wide. Four peaks in this range have elevations above 6,096 meters (20,000 feet). The highest is Kula Kangri, north of Gasa Dzong, at 7,553 meters (24,781 feet). Next in height is the country's most famous peak, picturesque Chomo Lhari, which towers over the Chumbi Valley at an elevation of 7,314 meters (23,997 feet).
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The most recent administrative change have included the elevation of Hainan (1988) and Chongqing (1997) to provincial level status, and the creation of Hong Kong (1997) and Macau (1999) as Special administrative regions. [...] 【街道办事处】 jiēdào bànshìchù 市辖区、不设区的市的人民政府派出机关。 在上一级政府领导下，负责本辖区内的社区服务、经济发展、社会治安等工作。 - ^ 中国的行政区划——省级行政单位. Government of the People's Republic of China. 2009-04-17. Archived from the original on 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2015-09-07. - ^ 中华人民共和国行政区划 [Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China], 15 June 2005, archived from the original on 2010-07-23, retrieved 5 June 2010 - ^ Chapter II : Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Article 12, archived from the original on 2010-07-29, retrieved 5 June 2010 - ^ Chapter II Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Macau Special Administrative Region, Article 12, archived from the original on 5 February 2012, retrieved 5 June 2010 - ^ "Hudong Wiki" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2010-09-06. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-07-20): The People’s Republic of China has two distinct territories known as Special Administrative Regions (SARs). These territories are known as Hong Kong and Macau. Both are located along the coast of southern China. In fact, they are just 60 km from each other. Hong Kong is located on the eastern side of the Pearl River Estuary, while Macau is on the western side of it. Both Hong Kong and Macau were formerly European colonies that were returned to Chinese sovereignty. Both SARs also have a certain degree of economic and political autonomy, as opposed to other provinces and autonomous regions of China. Hong Kong is larger and much more populous than Macau. It is also one of the most important centers of economic activity in the world. For its part, Macau does not boast the same level of economic importance as Hong Kong, though it is a popular tourist destination, as well as a mecca for gambling.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-27): At present, there are two SARs established by the Constitution: Hong Kong and Macau. These former British and Portuguese territories were transferred to China in 1997 and 1999, following the Sino-British and Sino-Portuguese Joint Declarations signed in 1984 and 1987, respectively.[8] Pursuant to their Joint Declarations, which are binding inter-state treaties registered with the United Nations, and their Basic laws, the Chinese SARs "shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy".[9] Generally, the two SARs are not considered to constitute a part of mainland China, by both SAR and mainland Chinese authorities. The provision to establish special administrative regions appeared in the constitution in 1982, in anticipation of the talks with the United Kingdom over the question of the sovereignty over Hong Kong. It was envisioned as the model for the eventual unification with Taiwan and other islands, where the Republic of China has resided since 1949. [...] See also [edit]- Autonomous regions of China - Constitution of the People's Republic of China - Federacy - History of Hong Kong - British Hong Kong (1841-1997)
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-08-25): PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: FACTS [...] 1911-12 - Military revolts lead to the proclamation of Republic of China under Sun Yat-sen, but much of the country is taken over by warlords. [...] 1997 and 1999 - British Hong Kong and then Portuguese Macau return to China under the principle of one country, two systems.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Hainan Island was geologically connected with the southern Chinese mainland until a rift through the Hainan Strait opened sometime during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (about 23 to 2.6 million years ago). The island is approximately oval in shape and measures about 160 miles (260 km) from east to west and 130 miles (210 km) from north to south at its widest point. The land rises abruptly in the southwestern interior of the island, reaching an elevation of 6,125 feet (1,867 metres) above sea level at Mount Wuzhi. Immediately to the northwest of the Wuzhi massif is the Limu Range, with several peaks above 4,600 feet (1,400 metres). Lower hills and tablelands fan out from this mountainous centre, culminating in narrow coastal alluvial plains that reach their broadest extent in the northeast. Dozens of rivers and streams cascade out of the mountains to the sea through tablelands and plains; the longest, the Nandu River, flows northeastward, while the other two major rivers, the Changhua and Wanquan, flow to the west and east, respectively, from the mountainous core. Hainan’s long coastline of more than 930 miles (1,500 km) contains numerous bays and natural harbours.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): India's Sikkim state lies to the west of the Dongkya range, the western shoulder of the Doklam plateau and the 'southwest spur' issuing from Mount Gipmochi. This spur is cut by the Dichu river (also called Jaldhaka) which originates below the Jelep La pass and enters Bhutan. The 'southeast spur', called Zompelri ridge, separates Bhutan's Haa District (to the north) from the Samtse (to the south). [...] According to Sikkimese tradition, when the Kingdom of Sikkim was founded in 1642, it included all the areas surrounding the Doklam plateau: the Chumbi Valley to the north, the Haa Valley to the east as well as the Darjeeling and Kalimpong areas to the southwest. During the 18th century, Sikkim faced repeated raids from Bhutan and these areas often changed hands. After a Bhutanese attack in 1780, a settlement was reached, which resulted in the transfer of the Haa valley and the Kalimpong area to Bhutan. The Doklam plateau sandwiched between these regions is likely to have been part of these territories. The Chumbi Valley was still said to have been under the control of Sikkim at this point.[36][37] [...] Depictions of historical Chinese maps by the People's Republic of China show Sikkim and Bhutan as part of Tibet or China for a period of 1800 years, starting from the second century B.C., noted as dubious claims by scholars.[h] From 1958, Chinese maps started showing large parts of Bhutanese territory as part of China.[62]
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-06): Haa District 27°15′N 89°10′E / 27.250°N 89.167°E [...] The Haa District is a destination for tourists, offering scenery, cultural heritage, and outdoor activities.[citation needed] Attractions in the district include:[citation needed] The Haa District is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its various festivals, monasteries, and traditional architecture. Some of the prominent cultural attractions include:[citation needed]
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-26): After the revolution of Wuchang Uprising in 10 October 1911, The Republic of China was formally established. From 1912-1949 the central authority of government had to deal with [...] The border between PRC and ROC is located in territorial waters. The PRC exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly administered municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two highly autonomous special administrative regions (SARs) – Hong Kong and Macau. It borders with 14 Nations Vietnam, Laos, Burma, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and North Korea.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2017-04-25): Different from other first level governing divisions, the special administrative regions consist of separate Chinese territories. These regions fall under the rule of the central government though are not located within the Chinese mainland. They practice a more complete level of autonomy with their own governments, multiparty legislatures, currency, immigration policies, and legal systems (to name a few). This is called the One China, Two Systems principle. The two special administrative regions are Hong Kong and Macau. [...] Taiwan has an interesting background within the divisions of China and, like Hong Kong and Macau, China offered it a position as a special administrative region in 1981. The belief is that unifying Taiwan (whose real name is the Republic of China) with China (or the People’s Republic of China) would allow the People’s Republic of China to be the only representative of China. This confusion began in 1949 after the Chinese Civil War. This war, as mentioned, was between Kuomintang (the founder of the Republic of China) and the Communists (now the People’s Republic of China). Since then, two Chinas have existed.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): Updated due to new national security legislation in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. [...] Reconsider travel to the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) due to a limited ability to provide emergency consular services. Exercise increased caution when traveling to the Macau SAR due to the arbitrary enforcement of local laws. [...] Summary: Hong Kong SAR authorities have dramatically restricted civil liberties since the Government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) imposed the Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR on June 30, 2020. Following the Hong Kong SAR government’s enactment of its own Safeguarding National Security Ordinance on March 23, 2024, Hong Kong SAR authorities are expected to take additional actions to further restrict civil liberties.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Main Socail and Economic Indicators of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-08): Historical sources suggest it first came under the full control of a Chinese empire in the 17th Century. It became a Japanese colony in 1895, after the Qing empire lost the first Sino-Japanese war. Then in 1945, after Japan lost World War Two, China took the island but now a nationalist government, led by General Chiang Kai-shek, was in power.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-04): ROC government congratulates the Bharatiya Janata Party on winning India’s 16th general election [...] Naha Branch, Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Japan [...] Trade Mission of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in Papua New Guinea
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-08): The territory of China lies between latitudes 18° and 54° N, and longitudes 73° and 135° E. The geographical center of China is marked by the Center of the Country Monument at 35°50′40.9″N 103°27′7.5″E / 35.844694°N 103.452083°E. China's landscapes vary significantly across its vast territory. In the east, along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, there are extensive and densely populated alluvial plains, while on the edges of the Inner Mongolian plateau in the north, broad grasslands predominate. Southern China is dominated by hills and low mountain ranges, while the central-east hosts the deltas of China's two major rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Other major rivers include the Xi, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur. To the west sit major mountain ranges, most notably the Himalayas. High plateaus feature among the more arid landscapes of the north, such as the Taklamakan and the Gobi Desert. The world's highest point, Mount Everest (8,848 m), lies on the Sino-Nepalese border.[129] The country's lowest point, and the world's third-lowest, is the dried lake bed of Ayding Lake (−154 m) in the Turpan Depression.[130] [...] - ^ Hale, Erin (25 October 2021). "Taiwan taps on United Nations' door, 50 years after departure". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2023-01-29. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-01-19): Designating PRC and Hong Kong Officials After Widespread Pro-Democracy Arrests in Hong Kong
Claim: Haa District is a territory of People's Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-11-06): Haa District 27°15′N 89°10′E / 27.250°N 89.167°E [...] The Haa District is a destination for tourists, offering scenery, cultural heritage, and outdoor activities.[citation needed] Attractions in the district include:[citation needed] The Haa District is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its various festivals, monasteries, and traditional architecture. Some of the prominent cultural attractions include:[citation needed]
Claim: Haa District is a territory of People's Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-26): The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially, often called China (Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; literally "Central State"), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third or fourth largest country by total area.[16] Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of People's Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-02-11): The document claimed China has been trespassing in the district of Humla, in the far west of Nepal. The Chinese embassy in Kathmandu denies any encroachment. [...] Along with Taiwan, this is perhaps the most well-known of China’s territorial disputes. In 1950, China enforced a long-held claim on the Himalayan country and incorporated it with its own territory. Following an unsuccessful uprising in 1959, Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, fled to India, where he set up a government in exile.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of People's Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-02-26): The border between PRC and ROC is located in territorial waters. The PRC exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly administered municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two highly autonomous special administrative regions (SARs) – Hong Kong and Macau. It borders with 14 Nations Vietnam, Laos, Burma, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and North Korea.
Claim: Haa District is a territory of People's Republic of China (Haa District, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-17): Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China The territory of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has frequently been revised since its formation on 1 October 1949. [...] See also [edit]- Land reclamations of the People's Republic of China - Borders of China - Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China