copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-12-03): For over forty years, the dispute over the three islands of Abu Musa, Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb has been a sore in relations between the United Arab Emirates and Iran. Initially occupied by Iran in 1971 during the time of the Shah and the formation of the UAE, the islands are a useful study of a seemingly intractable territorial dispute between a small set of city states and a regional hegemon.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-14): Koch, C. (2009). Thomas R. Mattair, the three occupied UAE Islands: The Tunbs and Abu Musa (Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 2005). International Journal of Middle East Studies, 41(1), pp.158–159. [...] Al-Mazrouei, N.S. (2015). Disputed Islands between UAE and Iran: Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb in the Strait of Hormuz (pp. 3–31). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Gulf Research Centre Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/194095/GRM_Noura_paper__30-09-15_new_7634.pdf. [...] Eslami, M., Sotoudehfar, S. (2021). Iran–UAE Relations and Disputes Over the Sovereignty of Abu Musa and Tunbs.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-29): New Delhi: The long-standing territorial dispute between Iran and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the islands of Abu Musa, Lesser Tunb and Greater Tunb has flared up once again, this time at the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly. [...] "Nonetheless, and to show its utmost respect for the principle of good neighbourliness, Iran has always expressed its readiness to talk with the UAE bilaterally with a view to removing any misunderstanding that may exist on the part of the UAE over Abu Musa Island," said Ghadirkhomi. Unofficial map for illustrative purposes only showing the islands of Abu Musa, Lesser Tunb and Greater Tunb (Map courtesy: UAE Foreign Ministry)
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-12): Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb [edit]In 1971, after the British left the area Iranian forces claimed the islands of Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb, located at the mouth of the Persian Gulf between Iran and the UAE. The Iranians asserted their claims to the islands. Iran continued to hold the islands in 1993, and its action remained a source of contention with the UAE, which claimed authority by virtue of Britain's transfer of the islands to the emirates of Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah. However, Britain had also agreed to give full authority to the Iranians in return for Iran's withdrawal of its claim on Bahrain. By late 1992, Sharjah and Iran had reached agreement with regard to Abu Musa, but Ras al-Khaimah had not reached a settlement with Iran concerning Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb.[1] The UAE have attempted to bring the dispute before the International Court of Justice,[2] but Iran refused. Tehran says the islands always belonged to it as it had never renounced possession of the islands, and that they are part of Iranian territory.[3] [...] References [edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h "Territorial Disputes." United Arab Emirates country study. Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division (January 1993). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): The United Arab Emirates has consistently and forcefully protested Iran’s illegal occupation of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs from the moment Iranian military forces occupied the three islands on 30 November 1971, just two days before the establishment of the UAE.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-29): On 29 November 1971, shortly before the end of the British protectorate and the formation of the United Arab Emirates, Iran and the ruler of Sharjah signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for the joint administration of Abu Musa. Under the MoU, Sharjah was to have a local police station on Abu Musa and Iran was to station troops on the island according to a map attached to the MoU. Iran and Sharjah were each to have full jurisdiction in the designated areas and their flags were to continue to fly. The MoU provided for equal distribution of petroleum oil revenues.[1] It has been said that the ruler of Sharjah had no other feasible option but to sign the MoU. He either had to negotiate to save part of his territory or forego the restoration of the remaining part of the island for good.[3] On the same day Iran regained the Greater and Lesser Tunbs. [...] – "Abu Musa and the Tumbs: The Dispute That Won't Go Away, Part Two". The Estimate. 4 August 2001. Retrieved 15 June 2009. - ^ Taryam, Abdulla Omran (2019). The Establishment of the United Arab Emirates 1950–85. Routledge. p. 162. ISBN 978-1138225787.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-09-14): The decades-long dispute is over the Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu Musa – three islands in the Strait of Hormuz that have been governed by Iran since 1971 and are claimed by the UAE as part of its territory.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-25): The declaration was made once again by the foreign ministers of the six member states of the GCC, who claim the Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa have been unlawfully occupied by the regime. [...] Iranian forces remain on the islands, with only Abu Musa having a civilian population which is less than two thousand.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-23): Boating: The UAE and Iran have had a long-standing dispute concerning jurisdiction of Abu Musa, approximately 20 miles from Dubai. Fishing or sailing in these waters may result in seizure of vessels and detention of passengers and crew in Iran. Obtaining consular assistance in Iran for U.S. citizens is difficult and can only be done through the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, which acts as a Protecting Power, providing limited U.S. consular services.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (1998-11-04): Abu Musa has a population of around 600 people, and is situated at the mouth of the narrows of the Strait of Hormuz. The other islands are closer to the Persian Gulfs sea lane, but only one of these, the Greater Tunbs, is inhabited, with about 350 people. There are few significant resources on the islands apart from red oxide (coloring pigment)and oil, and only Abu Musa can accommodate large ships. Tehran claims that Britain took the islands from Iran and gave them to the Arabs in the nineteenth century. The UAE counters that Arabs from the eastern Gulf littoral have always controlled the islands, and that Iran has no claim to either Abu Musa or the Tunbs. 22 [...] The UAE president has reconciled these opposing interests by using his personal authority to forge a consensus in support of a policy that uses peaceful means to pressure Iran to relinquish control of the islands. He has also exploited his reputation for piety and rectitude to heighten the moral urgency of the UAEs claim to the islands an urgency impossible for the regions governments, including Irans ally Syria, to ignore. Every Arab state is on record as supporting the immediate restoration of the UAEs sovereignty over Abu Musa and the Tunbs. Other countries, such as the United States, have signed similar documents as well. [...] Note 26: Abu Musa: Island Dispute Between the Iran and the UAE, http://WWW.Columbia.univeristylibrary/Mideast/UAE.edu, February 20, 1998. (Hereafter cited as Islands Dispute.) Shaykh Muhammad reportedly made this statement at Ohio State University in 1995. Back.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-24): The islands in the strategic Strait of Hormuz, namely the Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu Musa, have been governed by Iran since 1971 when its navy took control of them after British troops withdrew from what is today the UAE.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2012-04-17): The United States reiterates its support for a peaceful resolution between the United Arab Emirates and the Islamic Republic of Iran over the Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and the Lesser Tunb islands. The United States appreciates the UAE’s efforts in this regard and urges Iran to respond positively to the UAE’s initiative to resolve the issue through direct negotiations, the International Court of Justice or another appropriate international forum. Actions such as the April 11 visit by Iranian President Ahmadinejad to the Abu Musa Island only complicate efforts to settle the issue.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-09-26): "The actions taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran with the aim of changing the legal, physical and demographic situation of the islands are null and void and have no legal effect whatsoever," he said, referring to Abu Musa, and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs islands.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Abu Musa is a small island situated in the Persian Gulf whose strategic position allows the power that controls it to influence the maritime traffic that passes through the Strait of Hormuz. This characteristic made it the point of contention between Iran and the United Arab Emirates, both states actively claiming their sovereignty over the island along with its sister islands of the Greater and Lesser Tunb. [...] The Island of Abu Musa is the largest of the three islands that Iran and UAE are contesting, and along with the other two islands holds a very strategically important position in the Persian Gulf due to the maritime traffic passing through the Strait of Hormuz. The dispute started to take shape over a century ago and it still affects the bilateral relations between the two states. The rationales for possessing these territories are both economic and military. From an economic point of view, the islands confer the owner an increased influence of the trade the passes through the Straits, and from a military point of view, military bases on these islands can exert significant control over the maritime commerce in the region.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-01): "We renew our demand to end Iran's occupation of the UAE's three islands: Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa," the Emirati speaker explained. "History and international law bear testimony to the UAE’s sovereignty over the three islands. We will never stop our legitimate claim to these islands, either through direct negotiation or through the International Court of Justice." "We renew our demand to end Iran's occupation of the UAE's three islands: Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa. History and international law bear testimony to the UAE’s sovereignty over the three islands. We will never stop our legitimate claim to these islands, either through direct negotiation or through the International Court of Justice." [...] Though the UAE claims sovereignty over them, with Abu Musa belonging to the Emirate of Sharjah and the Tunbs belonging to the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, all three islands are de facto controlled by Iran and are administered as part of the Hormozgan Province.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2013-10-04): In 1968, Great Britain announced that it would withdraw from the Gulf region in 1971. In 1971 the island of Abu Musa was divided between Iran and the emirate of Sharjah in a memorandum of understanding (MoU). The MoU provided for joint administration on the islands and a division of resources. On November 30, Iran sent military forces to Abu Musa in accordance with the MoU, however Iran also took control of the two nearby Tunb islands. Iran has occupied them ever since. [...] On 24 September 2013 the Ambassador of the United Arab Emirates, H.E. Abdalla Hamdan Alnaqbi, visited the Peace Palace Library and generously donated a publication entitled: The Three Occupied UAE Islands, The Tunbs and Abu Musa, written by Thomas R. Mattair. Mr. Mattair says Sharjah signed the MoU under duress, therefore making it invalid. "The Shah (of Iran) was on record many times as indicating that if he couldn’t get the islands any other way, he would take the islands by force and he talked about the military assets he had that would enable him to do that", Mattair said. "So the ruler of Sharjah signed the MoU under those circumstances, and he was right to be afraid that Abu Musa would be taken by force, because when his counterpart, the ruler of Ras Al-Khaimah did not sign an agreement with Iran, Iran did use force to take the Tunbs islands as well".
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2008-09-08): Since 1971, the dispute has been a key element of UAE diplomacy in Arab forums and in the international community, serving to bind the country's disparate federation whose members, though notionally equal, vary widely in terms of oil wealth. Abu Musa is claimed by Sharjah, the third largest member of the UAE after Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The other two mainly uninhabited islands of Greater and Lesser Tunb are claimed by Ras al-Khaimah, another emirate in the seven-member union. On November 13, 1971, the ruler of Sharjah reluctantly accepted an interim deal with Iran, which led to the sharing of the Abu Musa's offshore oil revenues. While both sides continued to claim full sovereignty, Iran changed the status quo in 1992 by restricting UAE access and dramatically increasing Iranian presence on the islands, including military. Although the UAE and Iran have partially agreed on a continental-shelf boundary between the two countries, the agreement does not include the area around the islands.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-10-25): Pointing to some cases not related to Non-Self-Governing Territories that may still be in violation of the United Nations Charter, the representative of the United Arab Emirates stressed her country’s sovereign right over Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunb islands and called on Iran to renew efforts to resolve that dispute diplomatically through the international court system. [...] ABDULRAHMAN HASAN YAHYA AL-BARATI (Yemen), associating himself with the Arab Group and the Non-Aligned Movement, said his country signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction in 1997 and eliminated all of its stocks. However, the Houthi militias, supported by Iran, have planted more than 2 million landmines in the country, causing the death and injury of thousands. He called on the global community to pressure the Houthis and Iran to comply with international resolutions, cease planting mines and provide detailed maps of their location. Noting the Palestinian issue remains a priority for the Arab and Muslim world, he said there can be no peace or normal relations with Israel without the end of its occupation, and no stability in the Middle East without a just and comprehensive solution. Citing efforts by Morocco to reach a just and lasting solution to the question of Western Sahara through compromise, he also reaffirmed the United Arab Emirates’ sovereignty over Abu Musa and the Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb islands.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2016-09-29): It always sought to enhance peace and security and promote respect for the United Nations Charter. He said the United Arab Emirates had always shown such respect, including for sovereignty and territorial integrity when dealing with the occupation by Iran of the three United Arab Emirates islands of Abu Musa, and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs. Since the illegitimate occupation of those islands, his Government had adopted a flexible diplomatic approach to resolving that matter through peaceful means, including direct negotiations or referring the situation to the International Court of Justice. [...] The representative of the United Arab Emirates, responding to the Iranian representative’s statement, said the latter had made illegal allegations to the Assembly about Iran’s occupation of the three islands that in fact belonged to the United Arab Emirates — Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu Musa. The United Arab Emirates had repeatedly made its position well known. He expressed his "severe disappointment" over Iran’s repeated allegations every year in the Assembly. Iran’s position was in contravention to all facts, documents and history, which proved that the three islands were an integral part of the United Arab Emirates. They were part of the United Arab Emirates’ air space and exclusive economic zone.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-12-24): Iran took control of the three islands of Abu Musa, the Greater Tunb and the Lesser Tunb after British forces withdrew in 1971. It considers them an "inseparable" part of its territory. The UAE also claims the three islands and has long pressed for a negotiated solution. [...] Iran says the islands have been part of Persian states from antiquity up until they were occupied by the British in the early 20th century. It also says an agreement reached with Sharjah, one of the UAE's seven emirates, gives it the right to administer Abu Musa and station troops there.
Claim: Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Abu Musa, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-05-30): A diplomatic source close to the UAE-China negotiations told Iran International that Beijing has decided not to support the UAE's claim of ownership over the islands of Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb at this meeting. [...] In the joint statement from the Russia-Arab countries meeting held on December 20, 2023, in Morocco, Russia once again supported Abu Dhabi's position on the three islands of Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa was once again supported.
Claim: Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Greater and Lesser Tunbs, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-06-14): Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb (Persian: تنب بزرگ و تنب کوچک, Tonb-e Bozorg and Tonb-e Kuchak, Arabic: طنب الكبرى و طنب الصغرى, Tunb el-Kubra and Tunb el-Sughra) are two small islands in the eastern Persian Gulf, close to the Strait of Hormuz. They lie at 26°15′N 55°16′E / 26.250°N 55.267°E and 26°14′N 55°08′E / 26.233°N 55.133°E, respectively, some 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from each other and 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Iranian island of Qeshm. The islands are administered by Iran as part of its Hormozgan Province.[2] Greater Tunb has a surface area of 10.3 km2 (4.0 sq mi). It is known for its red soil. There are conflicting descriptions about its population: While some sources state there are between a few dozen and a few hundred inhabitants,[3] others describe the island as having no native civilian population.[4] There is reported to be an Iranian garrison and naval station, an aircraft runway, a fish storage facility and a red-soil mine. Lesser Tunb has a surface of 2 km2 (0.77 sq mi) and is uninhabited with the exception of a small airfield, harbour, and entrenched Iranian military unit.
Claim: Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Greater and Lesser Tunbs, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-14): In a move that escalated the longstanding dispute between Iran and UAE over the sovereignty of the three islands of Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa, in April 2020, the IRGC Navy Commander Admiral Alireza Tangsiri announced that under the direct order of the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, the islands of the Persian Gulf in the Iranian territory are to be converted into residential properties. While addressing the strategic importance of these three islands, the present research sets out to investigate and test the factors that led to Iran’s current political decision through a survey answered by 94 Iranian academic, political, and military experts. In addition, this research investigates the consequences of this strategic decision which could affect the political, military, and economic situation of the Persian Gulf. Therefore, our main argument is that although Iran’s primary purpose for turning the three islands into residential areas is to settle the disputes over sovereignty as well as to preserve its territorial integrity, the latter aims to increase its domination over the Persian Gulf and extend its influence in the region. [...] Al-Mazrouei, N.S. (2015). Disputed Islands between UAE and Iran: Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb in the Strait of Hormuz (pp. 3–31). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Gulf Research Centre Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/194095/GRM_Noura_paper__30-09-15_new_7634.pdf.
Claim: Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Greater and Lesser Tunbs, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2021-09-29): - Contested territories - Administered by Iran - Claimed by United Arab Emirates - Area 12,3 km² The Tunbs (Persian: تنب بزرگ و تنب کوچک, Arabic: طنب الكبرى و طنب الصغرى) are two Islands in the Persian Gulf. Over the course of time the islands have been ruled by various rulers: the kings of Hormuz, Portuguese colonizers, Persian emperors and the British Empire. The British put the Emirate of Sharjah in control in 1921. In 1971, just two days before the British protectorate was about to end and the United Arab Emirates were formed, Iran seized the opportunity to take the islands by force, claiming that they never acknowledged the possession by others. Iran now administers the islands, but they are claimed by the UAE. The islands’ location near the busy Strait of Hormuz, through which numerous oil tankers pass, gives the islands great strategic importance in the region.
Claim: Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates (Greater and Lesser Tunbs, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2011-07-15): Abdullah Abu Dhabi Abu Musa agreement Al-Qasimi Ambassador Arab coast Arab League argued attack Bahrain bilateral Britain British officials concession Cordesman December Declassified defense discussions Dubai Ely and Chance federation filed at Politics force Foreign Minister Foreign Office GCC summit Government Greater Tunb international law Interview Iran Iran's occupation Iranian claim Iranian occupation Iraq islands dispute islands issue islands of Abu January Julfar Khaimah Kuwait Lesser Tunb London Luce median line missiles naval negotiations November October peaceful Persian Gulf Political Resident President proposals Qatar Qawasim Ras al-Khaimah region reported resolve Ruler of Ras Ruler of Sharjah Saudi Arabia Secretary Security Council September Shah Shah's Shaikh Khalid Shaikh Saqr Shaikh Zayed Sharjah and Ras Sirri sovereignty Strait of Hormuz Tadmori Taryam Tehran territorial threat three islands Tonb Toye Trucial Tunbs and Abu UAE's United Arab Emirates Vinson and Elkins