copenlu/druid huggingface dataset:
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-30): States and federal territories of Malaysia The states and federal territories of Malaysia are the principal administrative divisions of Malaysia. Malaysia is a federation of 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federal territories (Wilayah Persekutuan). [...] The 3 federal territories were formed for different purposes: Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, Putrajaya is the administrative centre of the federal government, and Labuan serves as an offshore financial centre. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya were carved out of Selangor, while Labuan was ceded by Sabah. The territories fall under the purview of the Ministry of the Federal Territories, and the Parliament of Malaysia legislates on all matters concerning the territories. Each federal territory elects representatives from single-member constituencies drawn based on population to the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) of the Parliament. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints senators to represent the territories in the Dewan Negara; Kuala Lumpur has two senators, while Putrajaya and Labuan each has one.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-29): A historic moment that sheds light on Russia’s strategic vision in the Sea of Azov is the Yeysk meeting in 2003. The Tuzla Island conflict started on September 29, 2003 when Russia initiated the construction of an artificial dam on the tiny island within the Kerch Strait, and the Yeysk meeting was conducted under Vladimir Putin’s supervision on September 17, 2003. On the same day before Yeysk, he had met with Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma where he clearly stressed that "the Sea of Azov must be the internal sea of Russia and Ukraine." Already in Yeysk (an important Russian city on the Azov shores with heavy military presence), Putin held a historical meeting for Russian geopolitical ambitions in its southern region. All the most important ministers responsible for the state military, naval, and security policy were present. [...] Negotiations regarding the status of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait began in 1995, and Russia steadily avoided finalizing them on Ukrainian terms. Only after the Tuzla Island crisis in September 2003 did Ukraine and Russia finally sign the agreement in December of the same year. At the same time, the biggest political disaster that Russia faced as a result of Tuzla crisis was the consolidation and hardening of the Ukrainian nation toward Russia. The Tuzla events were partly preconditions for the Orange Revolution in 2004. For the first time in many years it posed the possibility of a direct confrontation between the two nations.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2020-03-02): This turbulent and divisive climate of Russian-Ukrainian relations has not been stopped by the signing of the Partition Treaty in 1997. The next stage of the Russian-Ukrainian turbulence over the Azov-Black Sea region started in 2003, with a completely new form and level of intensity. This time, both sides were engaged in a much deeper and more aggressive rivalry, which was beyond mere diplomatic means and pure political rhetoric. Tuzla Island, a tiny island located between the shores of the Kerch Strait, became the "island of contention." The island was transferred to the Crimean Autonomic Republic in 1941, but at that time the peninsula belonged to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialistic Republic. It was only in 1954 when the Crimean Peninsula was transferred to Ukraine, together with the entire military strategic infrastructure. Still, during those times it was a single country and all of those administrative-territorial differences were mostly nominal. The situation changed tremendously when both Ukraine and Russia gained their independence. However, the problem did not seem to be as urgent as the separatist movement in Crimea or the Russian naval base in Sevastopol. [...] In 2018, fifteen years since the beginning of the Tuzla Island conflict, it has become evident that the Russian investments have finally paid off and aided the building of the Crimean Bridge. Not so long ago, the former President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma recalled the Tuzla events from 2003 and claimed that only the tough and uncompromising policy preserved Ukrainian sovereignty over Tuzla Island.[29] However, in 2014, Ukraine was too fragile to properly respond to Russia.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-24): A dispute over Tuzla Island in the Kerch Strait arose between Russia and Ukraine in 2003, sparked by unannounced Russian construction of a causeway from their side of the strait toward the island, which is Ukrainian territory.[1] Russians offered various reasons for building the causeway, but Ukraine saw it as a threat to their territorial integrity. The dispute raised fears of an armed confrontation,[2] but a settlement was negotiated. Background [edit]Tuzla Island is a sandy island off the coast of the Crimean Peninsula. Formerly a spit connected by land to the Kuban region of Russia, it was disconnected from it by a heavy storm in 1925. In 1941, the island was transferred to the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which was part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. It became the Crimean Oblast in 1945, and the oblast was transferred to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1954. Tuzla Island came under the control of the briefly independent Republic of Crimea (1992–1995) before joining with Ukraine when the Crimean parliament joined Ukraine in 1995. [...] The Ukrainian government responded by deploying border troops on the island.[2][5] Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych said, "Tuzla is an integral part of Ukrainian territory". Deputy Prime minister Mykola Azarov later said that the Ukrainian government would spend "whatever amount necessary" to defend its national interest following the allocation of 5.5 million hryvnia to increase border security on Tuzla.[5]
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-07): While the Sulu claim rests on the treaty signed by Sultan Jamalul Alam of Sulu appointing Baron de Overbeck as Dato Bendahara and Raja Sandakan on 22 January 1878, a further, earlier treaty signed by Sultan Abdul Momin of Brunei appointed Baron de Overbeck as the Maharaja Sabah, Rajah Gaya and Sandakan. This was signed on 29 December 1877, and granted the territories of Paitan as far as the Sibuco River,[29] which overlaps the Sulu Sultanate's claim of their dominion in Sabah.[23] [...] This ruling has often been quoted by proponents of the Sulu Sultanate's claim as proof of North Borneo's acknowledgment of the sultan's ownership of the territory, although it was made solely to determine who as heir was entitled to the "cession money" of 5,300 Malaysian ringgit per year. [...] - Sulu version of English translation of 1878 agreement[2]
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2003-10-30): ict over the miniscule island of Tuzla should lead all of us to ask: why? This is the last development we expected to happen only twelve days after the signing of the Common Economic Space agreement (CES) by Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The creation of the CES crowned three years during which Ukraine’s multi-vector foreign policy was reoriented from west to east. [...] Launching territorial claims against Ukraine in Tuzla is a less risky strategy than reopening the Sevastopol issue (although some Russian politicians have linked the two). If we add this nationalist issue to the "anti-oligarch" campaign that has stepped up with the arrest of Yukos CEO Mikhail Khodorkovsky, then we can see that Putin is riding a populist wave.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-04-04): Tuzla Island (Crimean Tatar; Crimean Turkish: Tuzla; from Turkic "tuzla" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. [...] Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925. In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-03-04): Barely 30 families live on the narrow sliver of sand known as Tuzla Island, fewer when the weather gets bad, or the fishing gets good. The only other landmarks on the half-mile-wide, 4-mile-long sand spit between Russia and Ukraine are two aging, Soviet-era vacation spas, empty except for occasional visits by port workers from the mainland. The issue of who owns Tuzla Island has been a matter of extreme inconsequence for as long as anyone can remember. When Ukraine and Russia were adjoining republics in the Soviet Union, it hardly mattered. When Ukraine declared independence more than a decade ago, it faced no serious argument from Russia when it penciled its national boundary around Tuzla and began administering the narrow shipping strait nearby that links the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. [...] A phone call between Russian President Vladimir V. Putin and Ukrainian President Leonid D. Kuchma defused the crisis, halting construction of the nearly 2-mile causeway, just 102 yards short of Ukrainian territory. Last week, the two sides agreed to negotiate the real bones of contention: the Kerch Strait, which flows on either side of Tuzla Island, and more importantly, the adjoining Sea of Azov -- a strategic gateway to the Black Sea and a possible new oil frontier.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2023-10-16): Tuzla, in the Kerch Strait, was the first hybrid Russian operation against Ukraine, setting in motion a train of events that resulted in 2022’s full-scale invasion. It also established a pattern of Russian interference in other neighboring countries. [...] The Kremlin questioned whether the island belonged to Ukraine, despite the mutual recognition of borders in 1991 and 1997, while TV stations stoked anti-Ukrainian hysteria. The madness reached its peak when a TV poll found 82% of Russians said Tuzla was more important than good neighborly relations. [...] And indeed, the international community’s reaction to Tuzla was weak. It was seen as a minor incident between two states, more of a misunderstanding than a land grab.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2001-01-01): Tuzla Island, minimally inhabited, lies in the Kerch Strait between the Crimean Peninsula and the Taman Peninsula. Although this was disputed by the Russian Federation, the island belonged administratively to the Crimea, and was part of Ukraine until 2014. In September 2003, without authorization or notification, the Russian authorities began to construct a causeway from the Taman Peninsula side towards Tuzla Island. The project would have resulted in the island’s incorporation into the Russian Federation. The Ukrainian government dispatched border guards to the area as a show of force. After a conversation between presidents Leonid Kuchma and Vladimir Putin, construction was halted in October 2003 about 100 meters short of the island. In December, a treaty was concluded between the two states making the Sea of Azov an internal body of water common to them both, not under the rule of international law and restricting passage of foreign naval vessels (e.g., NATO) thereto. This gave Moscow control over shipping in the Sea of Azov, to the detriment of Ukrainian port facilities located there while Ukraine retained control of the island.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-04-04): Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: Тузла, Russian: Тузла, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic "tuzla" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. [...] Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-06-09): Such a turn of events was not part of the Kremlin’s plans. Two months later (29th of September 2003), Russia initiated its operation of taking over the island of Tuzla. Construction vehicles suddenly appeared on the shore of the Taman peninsula, as the workers then started constructing a dam in the direction of the island, so as to connect Tuzla with mainland Russia. Attempts from the Ukrainian side to inquire as to what was going on and then protest against Russia’s actions were simply ignored. Kuchma tried to call Putin, however, his call went unanswered. The head of Russia’s presidential administration Alexander Voloshin even threatened Ukraine with the bombing of Tuzla, and claimed to have said (off record) that the Kerch Strait would never belong to Ukraine, that it was a ‘common’ strait and any efforts to make it Ukrainian are senseless and unfriendly.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2014-01-01): SLAM LAVORI AEREI S.R.L. [...] TURK HAVA KURUMU HAVA TAKSI ISLETMESI [...] TYROLEAN JET SERVICES MALTA LTD.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2022-10-18): Moreover, Russia already had experience conducting special operations in Crimea, in particular during a dispute over tiny Tuzla island in the Kerch Strait in 2003 when Russia tried to connect the Ukrainian island with its Taman Peninsula, and the campaign of Yuri Meshkov, who was elected president of Crimea in 1994 after calling for the peninsula’s accession to Russia. [...] - "Probna viyna. 15 rokiv tomu Rosiya sprobuvala zakhopyty ukrayinsʹkyy ostriv Tuzla (The trial war. Fifteen years ago, Russia tried to capture the Ukrainian island Tuzla)." NV.ua, September, 29, 2018, https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/events/probna-vijna-15-rokiv-tomu-rosija-sprobuvala-zakhopiti-ukrajinskij-ostriv-tuzla-2496372.html. [↩]
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-01-01): Guzelyali Mah. Sahil Bulvari No: 72 Istanbul, 34903 Turkey
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Brunei (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-08-15): Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: Тузла, Russian: Тузла, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic "tuzla" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. [...] History [edit]Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Brunei (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2018-11-29): A historic moment that sheds light on Russia’s strategic vision in the Sea of Azov is the Yeysk meeting in 2003. The Tuzla Island conflict started on September 29, 2003 when Russia initiated the construction of an artificial dam on the tiny island within the Kerch Strait, and the Yeysk meeting was conducted under Vladimir Putin’s supervision on September 17, 2003. On the same day before Yeysk, he had met with Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma where he clearly stressed that "the Sea of Azov must be the internal sea of Russia and Ukraine." Already in Yeysk (an important Russian city on the Azov shores with heavy military presence), Putin held a historical meeting for Russian geopolitical ambitions in its southern region. All the most important ministers responsible for the state military, naval, and security policy were present. [...] Negotiations regarding the status of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait began in 1995, and Russia steadily avoided finalizing them on Ukrainian terms. Only after the Tuzla Island crisis in September 2003 did Ukraine and Russia finally sign the agreement in December of the same year. At the same time, the biggest political disaster that Russia faced as a result of Tuzla crisis was the consolidation and hardening of the Ukrainian nation toward Russia. The Tuzla events were partly preconditions for the Orange Revolution in 2004. For the first time in many years it posed the possibility of a direct confrontation between the two nations.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Brunei (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-09-11): Brunei covers only some 2,226 square miles (5,765 square kilometers), but in the early sixteenth century, when it was already an Islamic sultanate, its control extended over the entire northwestern area of the island of Borneo, including the present-day Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, and some portions of the Sulu islands in the southern Philippines. Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to visit the sultanate of Brunei, and trade with Europe quickly ensued. Internal strife brought on by conflicts over royal succession, and colonial expansion by European powers, caused a period of decline. By the end of the eighteenth century, Brunei was known as a haven for marauding pirates. Predominant British influence began in 1849, when the British, looking for a way to protect their lucrative trade between Singapore and northwest Borneo, took action against the pirate fleets and disabled them within five years. Previous British influence in the region had come from a British officer, Sir James Brooke (1803–1868), who was instrumental in helping the Sultan of Brunei quell a civil war; in 1841 the grateful sultan ceded to Brooke the state of Sarawak.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Brunei (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2019-04-04): Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: Тузла, Russian: Тузла, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic "tuzla" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.
Claim: Tuzla Island is a territory of Brunei (Tuzla Island, 2024-10-09)
Evidence (2024-10-09): Brunei, independent Islamic sultanate on the northern coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is bounded to the north by the South China Sea and on all other sides by the East Malaysian state of Sarawak, which also divides the state into two disconnected segments of unequal size. The western segment is the larger of the two and contains the capital city of Bandar Seri Begawan. Brunei achieved independence in 1984, having been a British protectorate since 1888. It is a member of the Commonwealth and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). [...] Brunei consists of a narrow coastal plain in the north, which gives way to rugged hills in the south. The country’s highest point is Pagon Peak (6,070 feet [1,850 metres]), in the southeast. Brunei is drained by the Belait, Tutong, and Brunei rivers in the western segment and by the Pandaruan and Temburong rivers in the east; all flow generally northward to the South China Sea. The Belait is the largest river in the country. The soils of Brunei are deeply weathered, highly leached, and generally infertile. Richer alluvial soils are found along the rivers and in some parts of the coastal floodplain, and these offer the best agricultural potential. White quartz sands are prevalent in some areas.