The next step consisted of including the leptonic decay for an on-shell top quark, preserving full spin correlations, and including separate NLO corrections in production and decay [32] [33] [34] . The on-shell approximation relies on the assumption that off-shell effects are expected to be small of the order Γ t /m t inclusively, where Γ t is the top-quark decay width, and m t is its mass. This allows for a significant simplification of the analytical expressions at the cost of little error for the inclusive observables used in discovery.

The next step consisted of including the leptonic decay for an on-shell top quark, preserving full spin correlations, and including separate NLO corrections in production and decay.


For the present study, cassiterite samples collected in the NW Iberian territory were reduced to produce tin in a very simple and small-scale manner, using a small open pit structure to reproduce what could have been the manufacturing process of tin in prehistoric times. The aims were to get a better understanding on the facility of tin production, the time/effort needed, and to obtain materials that can serve for comparison to archeological finds. Chemical and structural analyses of the products by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were made to achieve a detailed knowledge of the characteristics of the obtained materials. Additionally a short discussion to the sensorial aspects (nondiscursive knowledge) of the experiments is presented, since these were and important part of early manufacturing techniques [15] .

Additionally a short discussion to the sensorial aspects (nondiscursive knowledge) of the experiments is presented, since these were and important part of early manufacturing techniques.


Two doses of influenza vaccine have been reported to be necessary to provide sufficient protection in children, especially in young children [6, 7, 35, 36] . However, the results of the present study showed that only one dose of influenza vaccine was effective in protecting against influenza A (52%) and influenza B (27%). Two doses of influenza vaccine were needed to optimize protection only against influenza A in the present study (one dose vs. two doses, OR = 0.72) (Table 3) . However, a second dose did not have any additive effect against influenza B.

Two doses of influenza vaccine have been reported to be necessary to provide sufficient protection in children, especially in young children.


The governmental report from ICEX presents a longitudinal analysis of the aerospace industry (ICEX 2016) . The period of study comprises the years from 2006 to 2015. The report compiles facts and figures on the market, aerospace clusters, industrial infrastructure and the main players. A novel aspect of this report is that it addresses industry drivers, though not from a scientific standpoint. It focuses on local strengths, international programmes, governmental support and human resources availability. Finally, it outlines business opportunities for investors.

The governmental report from ICEX presents a longitudinal analysis of the aerospace industry.


One approach that has been proposed to address the problem of limited training data is to harvest the web for bilingual texts (Resnik, 1998) . The STRAND method automatically gathers web pages that are potential translations of each other by looking for documents in one language which have links whose text contains the name of another language. For example, if an English web page had a link with the text "Español" or "en Español" then the page linked to is treated as a candidate translation of the English page. Further checks verify the plausibility of its being a translation (Smith, 2002) .

One approach that has been proposed to address the problem of limited training data is to harvest the web for bilingual texts.

Further checks verify the plausibility of its being a translation.


Duloxetine and placebo were compared based on category frequencies at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment, confirming the results seen in the individual studies [4, 5, 16, 19] . While frequencies per category were similar between treatment groups at baseline, more duloxetine than placebo patients fell into the 2 best categories after 12 weeks. This was confirmed in the analysis of transition probabilities.

Duloxetine and placebo were compared based on category frequencies at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment, confirming the results seen in the individual studies.


Single photon detection and timing capabilities are important in a number of fields such as fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, lidar, optical tomography and quantum cryptography, as has been reviewed recently [1] [2] [3] [4] . Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), in particular, is a precise, reliable and mature technique to time photon arrival. Its popularity and widespread use are due to its advantages afforded by its digital nature, and include a high dynamic range, high sensitivity, linearity, well-defined Poisson statistics and easy visualization of photon arrival time data [5, 6] .

Single photon detection and timing capabilities are important in a number of fields such as fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, lidar, optical tomography and quantum cryptography, as has been reviewed recently.

Its popularity and widespread use are due to its advantages afforded by its digital nature, and include a high dynamic range, high sensitivity, linearity, well-defined Poisson statistics and easy visualization of photon arrival time data.


If the phosphor decay function and the camera dead-time are known, the ratio-to-time conversion can be calculated using equation (2) . In this work, the conversion function was obtained experimentally, because neither the phosphor decay function nor the exact camera dead-time were known. According to the camera manufacturer the Photron SA1.1 dead-time is ∼0.6 μs and does not vary with the frame rate or image size. However, it was found that at 54 kHz frame rate and 320 × 256 pixels image size, measurements with less than ∼3 μs delay between the frame exposure start time and the laser pulse yielded results which did not fit the conversion function (see figure 5(c) ). For decay measurements, a 5 μs delay was therefore chosen for the excitation pulse. The calibration and the decay measurements have to be carried out under identical experimental conditions, in particular the intensifier gain settings: a change in the intensifier gain can affect the phosphor decay function [46] . We note here that illumination or emission intensity variations in principle do not affect the decay measurement as TCSPC is independent of this-a change in intensity only changes the number of detected photons, but not their arrival time.

If the phosphor decay function and the camera dead-time are known, the ratio-to-time conversion can be calculated using equation.

The calibration and the decay measurements have to be carried out under identical experimental conditions, in particular the intensifier gain settings: a change in the intensifier gain can affect the phosphor decay function.


The presence of fullerene C 60 additives shifts the decomposition process of poly-n-alkyl acrylates and polymethacrylates under dynamical and isothermal conditions from a radical pathway to a non-radical mechanism [13] . For poly-nalkyl acrylates the addition of fullerenes lead to the increase in the yields of olefin and alcohol, degradation products coming from non-radical pathways. On the other hand, the yields of the pyrolysis products deriving from the random main-chain scission, i.e. monomer, dimer, saturated diester, trimer, corresponding acetate and methacrylate, decrease. The stabilizing effect of fullerene is more noticeable in the thermal behaviour of poly-n-alkyl methacrylates, where enhancements of the temperature of maximum weight loss are 19-25°C. The mixtures containing fullerene give rise to a marked decrease of the monomer yield and, at the same time, an increase of olefin and methacrylic acid amounts. The fullerene acts as radical acceptor suppressing the unzipping process and favouring the non-radical side-chain reactions [13] .

The presence of fullerene C 60 additives shifts the decomposition process of poly-n-alkyl acrylates and polymethacrylates under dynamical and isothermal conditions from a radical pathway to a non-radical mechanism.

The fullerene acts as radical acceptor suppressing the unzipping process and favouring the non-radical side-chain reactions.


Thermal stabilisation of isotactic polypropylene(i-PP) in the presence of fullerene C 60 , its adduct with levopimaric acid, nanocarbon and carbon black is investigated by chemiluminescence at temperatures 170, 180 and 190 o C [6] . The thermal oxidation of i-PP samples was carried out in air. Several kinetic parameters: oxidation induction time, half time of degradation, oxidation rate, maximum CL intensity and maximum oxidation times were calculated from CL measurements. The efficiency of additives places the studied compounds on the following order: fullerene C 60 < nanocarbon < carbon black < fullerene C 60 adduct.

Thermal stabilisation of isotactic polypropylene(i-PP) in the presence of fullerene C 60 , its adduct with levopimaric acid, nanocarbon and carbon black is investigated by chemiluminescence at temperatures 170, 180 and 190 o C.


The strong antioxidative activity of fullerene C 60 /C 70 has been found in model reaction of the initiated oxidation of styrene and then in accelerated tests the fullerenes mixtures with polystyrene. For the first time the rate constant for the addition of styryl radicals to C 60 /C 70 has been determined to be k (333 K) = (9.0 +/-1.5) 10 7 M -1 s -1 . By means of thermal analysis of polystyrene using DSC and TGA methods it was demonstrated that fullerenes show a stabilizing effect purely comparable with that of for sterically-hindered phenol Irganox 1010 and amine Agerite White. The suggestion was made that the retarding effect of fullerenes is connected with its interaction with macroradicals R leading to formation of less active compounds [12] .

The suggestion was made that the retarding effect of fullerenes is connected with its interaction with macroradicals R leading to formation of less active compounds.


The C 60 additives inhibit the thermo-oxidative degradation of copolymers of MMA with styrene, butyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate for a long time. It is given the feasible schemes describing the reactions of C 60 fullerene with macroradicals produced by the thermo-oxidative degradation of copolymers and explaining the inhibiting effect of C 60 fullerene [8, 9] . This behaviour of fullerene C 60 is extended to atactic, anionic syndiotactic and isotactic forms of the PMMA. It is suggested that fullerene-containing polymers produced upon the thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of PMMAs together with the non-chain inhibition of PMMA´s oxidation accounts for the stabilizing effect of fullerene [10] .

It is given the feasible schemes describing the reactions of C 60 fullerene with macroradicals produced by the thermo-oxidative degradation of copolymers and explaining the inhibiting effect of C 60 fullerene.

It is suggested that fullerene-containing polymers produced upon the thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of PMMAs together with the non-chain inhibition of PMMA´s oxidation accounts for the stabilizing effect of fullerene.


For the thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation in fullerene (C 60 , C 70 ) -polymer (PMMA, polystyrene) systems, concentration limits were observed for the stabilizing effect of fullerenes that depend on the solubility of the fullerene in a polymer: for polystyrene and PMMA, these values are 4 10 -3 and 8 10 -3 mol/kg of fullerene, respectively. For polystyrene-based systems containing C 60 or C 70 , the temperature limit of thermal degradation was 380°C; for PMMA-based systems, this parameter amounted to 339 and 336°C for C 60 and C 70 , respectively. For the thermooxidative degradation of these polymers and a polycarbonate, the temperature range of 335-340°C was the highest temperature limit for fullerene C 60 acting as an antioxidant, which was much lower than 370°C, the temperature corresponding to the onset of the intense oxidation of fullerene [11] .

For the thermooxidative degradation of these polymers and a polycarbonate, the temperature range of 335-340°C was the highest temperature limit for fullerene C 60 acting as an antioxidant, which was much lower than 370°C, the temperature corresponding to the onset of the intense oxidation of fullerene.


Fractional calculus has been widely studied recently since its numerous practical applications have not been realized until a couple of last decades [1] . It has found increasing place in wide field of applications including control system community, turbulent flows, viscoelasticity, plasma physics, thermodynamics, anomalous diffusion in porous media, finance theory and so on. These applications prompted the emergence of various fractional differential equations in mathematical and physical world [1] [2] [3] . To seek the solutions of these equations becomes an essential part of mathematicians' work. The integral transform method, power series method and Green's function method are employed to produce the analytical solution of some fractional differential equations. Consequently, the solution usually refers to some special functions which are quite complicated in real calculation. Numerical solutions of fractional differential equations are preferred by many scholars.

Fractional calculus has been widely studied recently since its numerous practical applications have not been realized until a couple of last decades.

These applications prompted the emergence of various fractional differential equations in mathematical and physical world.


The results indicate that multiple-goal pursuit enables the unconscious to isolate an alternative that is acceptable given both goals. These results are important because they show that the unconscious can outperform the conscious in more complex goal pursuit environments. The unconscious was more likely to choose the option that was acceptable on both goals, even though the conscious had the opportunity to reason about the attractiveness of the acceptable option. For some participants, the conscious could not reject an option that was poor on one of the goals. Thus, the results provide insight into when the unconscious is able to make a good decision (Dijksterhuis and Nordgren 2006) .

Thus, the results provide insight into when the unconscious is able to make a good decision.


Participants and design. Participants were 229 (60.7% female; M age = 20 years) students who participated in exchange for course credit. This was the final sample after we removed 26 participants who did not follow instructions from the analysis. In this and all subsequent studies, participants were excluded when they failed an attention check (Oppenheimer, Meyvis, and Davidenko 2009) . The attention check consisted of a short paragraph at the top of a page that instructed participants not to answer two questions at the bottom of the page. Participants that did not answer the two questions passed the attention check. The design was a one-factor, between-subjects manipulation of goal instantiation (control, conscious, unconscious).

Participants and design.

In this and all subsequent studies, participants were excluded when they failed an attention check.


Regarding chemical characteristics as grape ripening develops under different weather conditions in summer and off-season crops, a slight change between them usually occurs in terms of the main berry chemical properties ( Table 2 ) but does not decrease the grape quality. During cold storage, the recommended temperature for grapes is around 0 • C because most of the variables, such as SS, TA, and SS/TA, remain stable in different grape cultivars at this temperature with controlled atmosphere [36, 37] . Table grapes intended for long periods of storage are kept in cold chambers, but each cultivar has a different behavior, i.e., each one has a different storage performance that may comprise from a few days to few weeks, which is determined by its susceptibility to quality defects under low temperatures. Regarding the behavior of the new hybrid seedless grape, 'BRS Isis', this cultivar showed to have a high potential to be stored for long periods under cold chambers, since, after 50 days under these conditions, the bunches packaged with SO 2 -generating pads and liners were virtually intact. Additionally, the natural incidence of gray mold was found to be very low, which indicates that the natural incidence of B. cinerea in this hybrid grape, unlike in some Vitis vinifera table grape cultivars, is not a major concern. Even with the use of SO 2 -generation pads, unwanted situations like bleaching, hairline cracking, and berry softening were not found on the surface of the berries, as these were the main barriers for grape post-harvest quality and maintenance. Shattered berries were also noticed in low levels, which contributes to a better storability and marketability of this grape cultivar in markets.

During cold storage, the recommended temperature for grapes is around 0 • C because most of the variables, such as SS, TA, and SS/TA, remain stable in different grape cultivars at this temperature with controlled atmosphere.


Our findings confirm that SO 2 -generating pads gave better results in controlling B. cinerea mold of 'BRS Isis' seedless grapes at 50 days of cold storage and at seven days at 22 ± 2 • C. This new hybrid seedless cultivar showed to be non-sensitive to the amount of SO 2 gas released by the evaluated pads, since, at high concentrations, this compound can cause bleaching or premature stem browning and may also damage the fruits, resulting in unwanted conditions. Considering these aspects, combined with cold storage, the SO 2 -generating pads can be used as a tool to control the gray mold of 'BRS Isis' seedless grapes, at least for a period of 50 days. A similar performance has also been observed in rthe maximum reduction of the disease incidence of 'BRS Vitoria' and 'Italia' table grapes at 50 days of cold storage and at seven days at 22 ± 2 • C, respectively [17, 22] .

A similar performance has also been observed in rthe maximum reduction of the disease incidence of 'BRS Vitoria' and 'Italia' table grapes at 50 days of cold storage and at seven days at 22 ± 2 • C, respectively.


SMA are alloys in which thermoelastic phase transitions are caused by supplied thermal energy and/or applied external stress. One can distinguish three effects occurring in SMA connected with phase transitions: one-way, two-way shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity [11, 12] . Thanks to their unique properties these alloys are used in many fields of technology and medicine. Most often they are used as connecting elements and actuators or as prostheses or implants and other elements implanted in organisms in the form of clamps, screws, grips, etc.

One can distinguish three effects occurring in SMA connected with phase transitions: one-way, two-way shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity.


One example of the use of SMA springs might be a dynamic vibration absorber system [19, 20, 21, 22, 23] . Using SMA springs with controlled stiffness, one can tune a dynamic vibration absorber to the actual frequency of disturbance. Thanks to changes of stiffness and damping, one can shape the dynamic characteristics of the vibration reduction system. Therefore it is possible to operate the spring so that the vibration amplitude is amplified by being tuned to resonance.

One example of the use of SMA springs might be a dynamic vibration absorber system.


Clinically, patients can be treated with chloroquine to inhibit autophagy or rapamycin to stimulate autophagy. Published reports have shown that inhibition of autophagy in adult brain tumor cell lines can improve responses to chemotherapy and radiation [23, 24] . We therefore used an adult glioma cell line (U87) to confirm that chloroquine inhibition and rapamycin induction of autophagy can influence cell survival in a setting where survival is influenced by autophagy. U87 cells were exposed to both chloroquine and rapamycin and levels of LC3-II were evaluated by immunoblotting (Fig. 5a ). U87 cells were treated with either chloroquine or rapamycin and starved for 24 h. Cells were then grown in regular media in a clonogenic assay and the percent survival was evaluated (Fig. 5b ). There was a significant decrease in cell survival in chloroquine treated cells with a concomitant increase in survival in the rapamycin treated cells. These findings confirm that pharmacological manipulation of autophagy is sufficient to positively or negatively affect tumor cell survival after exposure to a stress (starvation) that is known to be autophagy-dependent. We then used these same pharmacologic autophagy manipulations in pediatric brain tumor cells where we previously showed that autophagy is induced by chemotherapy (Fig. 2) to test if pharmacological manipulation of autophagy affects chemosensitivity in this context. Cells were treated with increasing doses of CCNU or cisplatin in the presence of rapamycin or chloroquine and cell viability was assessed by MTS assay. There was a shift in the survival curve in a short-term assay when autophagy in BT-16 cells was inhibited by pre-treatment with chloroquine, with these cells showing improved survival compared to cells with baseline or up-regulated autophagy (Fig. 6) . However, no significant difference was seen in tumor cell survival between any of the other treatment groups in a short-term MTS assay.

Published reports have shown that inhibition of autophagy in adult brain tumor cell lines can improve responses to chemotherapy and radiation.


In this paper, to tackle these issues, we propose a novel WDM-PON architecture to support ring-based VPN emulation among multi-WDM-PONs. In our WDM-PON system, the onoff keying (OOK) upstream signal at an ONU is generated by reusing differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DPSK) downstream wavelengths [8] (CO) . N wavelengths (e.g., Ȝ 1 -Ȝ n ) are designated for the up/downstream traffic of the N individual ONUs, and they are chosen to match with the transmission passbands of the 1 x N AWG. In addition, one wavelength Ȝ VPN is allocated to convey the VPN traffic in our scheme. The optical VPN circulator device (OVCD) which is composed of two optical circulators, a 3 dB optical coupler and a CWDM filter at the ODN is used to combine and separate optical VPN signals (Ȝ VPN ) and up/downstream traffic in the link, meaning if an optical VPN traffic signal enters port 1 of OVCD, it is emitted from the port 4, but if optical VPN traffic signal is sent to the port 4 in opposite direction, it exits from the port 3 instead of port 1. However, optical up/downstream traffic signal (Ȝ 1 -Ȝ n ) can be bi-directionally transmitted between the port 2 and port 4 at this OVCD.

In our WDM-PON system, the onoff keying (OOK) upstream signal at an ONU is generated by reusing differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DPSK) downstream wavelengths(CO).


A commercial electrical bathroom faucet was used as a reference layout (Fig. 1) for the project. During the design of the configurable faucet the research team used the product design and development process model defined by Ulrich & Eppinger [ 2 ] . It was used, because it was familiar to the research group, but other possible design and development process methods can also be used.

During the design of the configurable faucet the research team used the product design and development process model defined by Ulrich & Eppinger.


In this case, the system-level design can be considered to be divided into two steps: gathering of precise information and the CAD modelling. The requirements set by the two selected manufacturing methods, the sand casting and the LAM, were studied. The pattern for the sand casting was designed to be manufactured by 3D printing and the core box by NC milling. In the future, it may be possible to use patternless moulding, e.g., by milling the mould form directly into sand [ 12 ] . The CAD modelling of the spout started in Rhinoceros where the surface model of the final outlook was created (Fig. 3 ). The Rhinoceros model was then transferred into Pro/E. The model was entirely recreated in Pro/E, because the parametric configurability had to be enabled (Fig. 4) . The used version of Rhinoceros did not support parametric modelling. The industrial designer, who made the first models, had long experience in working with Rhinoceros, so to have smooth start it was decided to use it in the first step of the modelling. Rhinoceros is widely used by the industrial designers, in general.

In the future, it may be possible to use patternless moulding, e.g., by milling the mould form directly into sand.


Folksonomy based systems represent an initiative to help the processes of meaning construction and information organization. These systems allow users to categorize information on the web through the categorization of the objects available on the Internet. In these systems, users have active voice and are determining the "aboutness" of the objects they found [2] . However, as the number of users increases, the problem of information overload also appears in those systems once there is no control and no rules in the information categorization process.

In these systems, users have active voice and are determining the "aboutness" of the objects they found.


In our analysis, energy and entropy are equal at leading order in our large d expansion. Thus, we are not able to distinguish the lumpy and homogeneous solutions based on thermodynamic considerations alone. In the future, we hope to distinguish entropy and energy by extending our analysis to subleading orders. In the meantime, we try to gain some insight into which configurations are preferred by examining the time evolution of perturbations of the homogeneous solutions. We find that at long times, there is run-away behavior, with the horizon radius either growing or shrinking uncontrollably at the poles of the S d . Conceivably subleading terms in the 1/d expansion could stabilize the runaway behavior. Alternately, a logical possibility remains that the evolution does not settle down to an equilibrium configuration [32] .

Alternately, a logical possibility remains that the evolution does not settle down to an equilibrium configuration.


Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. There are several techniques for recommendation. Collaborative filtering is a traditional technique that is widely applied [1, 13, 15] . It makes automatic predictions about the interests of a user by reusing taste information from other users. The underlying assumption of the collaborative filtering approach is that those who agreed in the past tend to agree again in the future.

Collaborative filtering is a traditional technique that is widely applied.


The interior transmission eigenvalue problem arises naturally in inverse scattering theory. If k 2 is not a transmission eigenvalue then the relative scattering, or far field, operator is injective with dense range. This condition guarantees the success of certain inverse scattering algorithms ( [6] , [8] ).

This condition guarantees the success of certain inverse scattering algorithms (,).


In §4.1 ( §4.2) we discuss the constraints on annihilating (decaying) DM. Additionally, in Appendix A we use our method to derive bounds on models invoked to explain a putative γ-ray excess at the GC [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] . The effect on our constraints due to different choices of source-masking, and due to the variation of ICS parameters is discussed in Appendix C and Appendix D, respectively.

Additionally, in Appendix A we use our method to derive bounds on models invoked to explain a putative γ-ray excess at the GC.


Our findings however turned out to be somewhat less straightforward. While we predicted that approach motivation (as measured by the BAS) would be associated with left RFA during rest, only the BAS-Reward subscale displayed this pattern of activity. The other BAS-subscales even showed the reverse pattern: Just like BIS, BAS-Drive and BAS-Fun were associated with more right RFA during rest. One possible explanation for this finding could be that the different BAS-subscales reflect different aspects of approach and reward processing. The Drive scale is made of items pertaining to the persistent pursuit of desired goals and the Fun Seeking scale has items reflecting both a desire for new rewards and a willingness to approach a potentially rewarding event on the spur of the moment (Carver & White, 1994) . Both subscales seem to reflect the willingness to act in the context of potential rewards (''wanting''), while the Reward Responsiveness scale has items that focus on positive responses to the occurrence or anticipation of reward (''liking''), which can be considered more passive. Importantly, these different aspects of approach and reward processing have been related to different neural substrates (Berridge, 2007) . Of course, when relating these different aspects of approach behavior to neural activations during rest (with no possibility to act), it may not be so surprising that we find that the more passive aspect of approach and reward processing relates to left RFA. Indeed, it may even be argued that active approach has to be inhibited during rest, which may account for the association between BASFun and BAS-Drive and right RFA.

The Drive scale is made of items pertaining to the persistent pursuit of desired goals and the Fun Seeking scale has items reflecting both a desire for new rewards and a willingness to approach a potentially rewarding event on the spur of the moment.

Importantly, these different aspects of approach and reward processing have been related to different neural substrates.


Our objective is to examine antecedents and consequences of i-deals using the exchange of resources theoretical framework in a competitive industrytelecommunication. First, based on the resource theory, we identify three different personal resource antecedents to i-deals. Second, we examine how these antecedents relate to the seeking of different types of i-deals in terms of the timing, that is, ex ante i-deals (negotiated prior to employment) and ex post i-deals (negotiated after employment). Third, we examine the relationship between the negotiation of i-deals and employee psychological contracts. Psychological contracts are the specific manner in which the employee and employer in the exchange relationship interpret their obligations with each other (Rousseau, 1995) . Lastly, we examine the generalizability of i-deals theory to China.

Psychological contracts are the specific manner in which the employee and employer in the exchange relationship interpret their obligations with each other.


There has been some resurgence in populations of some Irish islands that have embraced tourism (e.g. Tory), whilst others have continued to decline (e.g. Inishturk). Although some islands are able to develop industries that may support the island community (e.g. aquaculture on Clare Island, County Mayo), others may lack the resources to do this (Royle, 2008) . Ultimately, in order to survive, small islands have to adapt their economies and communities in the modern world (Royle, 1999b) . In turn, community adaptation may impact on islander identity and island sustainability. These transformations in economy, culture and community are likely to be applicable to other cold-water small islands elsewhere in the world.

Although some islands are able to develop industries that may support the island community (e.g. aquaculture on Clare Island, County Mayo), others may lack the resources to do this.

Ultimately, in order to survive, small islands have to adapt their economies and communities in the modern world.


Briand, Dzidek, and Labiche described an approach for automatically instrumenting OCL constraints in Java using AspectJ [1] . They defined templates for translating class invariants and operation pre and postconditions to AspectJ advices. Their approach explicitly addresses abrupt termination of method invocations; class invariants are checked-as such invocations should also leave the object in a consistent statebut postconditions are not. The approach also supports inheritance of constraints. For the inheritance of class invariants, an invariant checking method is injected to the target class using AspectJ's member introduction facility or static crosscutting, and the injected method makes a super call to invoke the invariant check method of its superclass. Such a super call should be made using Java's reflection facility because the superclass may not have an invariant method. This leads to unnecessary performance overhead, and worse the approach doesn't work for Java interfaces. For operations only postconditions are inherited to subclasses.

Briand, Dzidek, and Labiche described an approach for automatically instrumenting OCL constraints in Java using AspectJ.


As such, emotional intelligence is already a popular topic for researchers and inservice training sessions (Guy and Lee, 2015) . However, little is known about how to apply emotional intelligence to enhance organizational performance in the public administration arena. To date, few public administration studies have empirically examined the relationship between the various dimensions of emotional intelligence and burnout, on the one hand, and job satisfaction, on the other. Determining which emotional intelligence construct relates to burnout and which relates to job satisfaction will provide practitioners/specialists with valuable knowledge about training public service employees. This study focuses on public service employees and examines the relationship between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction, on the one hand, and the dimensions of emotional intelligence and burnout, on the other. First, a review of the theoretical literature is conducted, and then a structural equation model is used to test the assumption. Finally, the implications of this study for training and research are discussed.

As such, emotional intelligence is already a popular topic for researchers and inservice training sessions.


People who work in public service jobs require a higher level of emotional management because they interact with citizens, and citizens often seek governmental help during the worst moment of the worst day of their lives (Guy and Lee, 2015) . Such emotional work may lead to a higher degree of burnout and job dissatisfaction. Importantly, burnout and job satisfaction directly relate to organizational outcomes, including turnover intention, absenteeism, work performance, and quality of service. Negative organizational outcomes may affect the quality, consistency, and stability of client services and lead to serious problems in organizations (Kim and Stoner, 2008; Mor Barak et al., 2001) . Conversely, public service employees' positive attitudes and emotions can foster a pleasant work environment, increase job satisfaction, and create a favorable impression for citizens (Ashkanasy et al., 2002; Hosseinian et al., 2008; Lee and Ok, 2012) .

People who work in public service jobs require a higher level of emotional management because they interact with citizens, and citizens often seek governmental help during the worst moment of the worst day of their lives.

Negative organizational outcomes may affect the quality, consistency, and stability of client services and lead to serious problems in organizations.

Conversely, public service employees' positive attitudes and emotions can foster a pleasant work environment, increase job satisfaction, and create a favorable impression for citizens.


We can infer from previous studies and this study that job satisfaction is a ''subjective'' feeling and/or attitude toward a current job. Thus, the level of job satisfaction may vary by person. When individuals are not able to appraise their own emotions or are not honest regarding their feelings toward their jobs, they may not be satisfied with their jobs. Moreover, as an individual's emotional selfawareness increases, they are more sensitive to signs that may disturb their organizational performance (Hosseinian et al., 2008) . Therefore, people who are able to perceive their own emotional states well may not allow anger and other emotions to interfere in their lives (Hosseinian et al., 2008) . Additionally, emotional self-awareness enables individuals to adjust their emotions to achieve individual goals in the workplace (Lee, 2013b) .

Moreover, as an individual's emotional selfawareness increases, they are more sensitive to signs that may disturb their organizational performance.

Therefore, people who are able to perceive their own emotional states well may not allow anger and other emotions to interfere in their lives.

Additionally, emotional self-awareness enables individuals to adjust their emotions to achieve individual goals in the workplace.


Low temperatures for freezing purposes can also be achieved by means of a reversed Brayton cycle (rB cycle) (Chang et al., 2009; Streit and Razani, 2013; Giannetti and Milazzo, 2014) . The rB cycle's main components are the compressor, the turbine, and the heat exchanger. A relevant characteristic of the rB cycle, compared to the direct one, is the different set of working fluid temperatures in the turbomachineries: e.g. in the rB cycle, the turbine is designed to operate at very low temperatures, even below -100 °C, while in the direct one, the turbine is designed to receive very hot gases at the inlet (about 1200 °C in power plant stations and 2000 °C in air craft engines).

Low temperatures for freezing purposes can also be achieved by means of a reversed Brayton cycle (rB cycle).


For decades diffusion models are used to describe the dynamics of continuous stochastic processes, for instance, stock prices in econometrics or particle movements in biology and physics. The statistical properties of diffusion models depend essentially on the observation scheme, where it is natural to assume discrete observations of the process. Mostly, equidistant observations are studied in the literature, distinguishing between high-frequent and low-frequent observations, depending whether the observation distance tends to zero or remains fixed. A summary of parametric methods is given by Aït-Sahalia [1] . Nonparametric estimation methods are surveyed by Fan [11] .

A summary of parametric methods is given by Aït-Sahalia.

Nonparametric estimation methods are surveyed by Fan.


The presentation of breast cancer in young women may differ from older women in many respects. The majority of the Nepalese women tend to believe that painless lumps are harmless. Young women ignore mild breast symptoms. Only 10% of women from the capital city of Nepal undergo clinical examination of the breast (Bhatta et al., 2011) . In the present series, younger women presented late compared to older women (7.6 months vs 6.5 months). Young women seek medical advice only when the disease is very obvious and the younger patients often have a longer history of breast lump (Ashley et al., 1989) . Poor symptom knowledge and recognition are important issues in developing countries, where cancer awareness will be the remedy (Taib et al., 2011) . Limited mammographic screening is possible in younger women. Moreover, clinical and radiological examinations in younger women have a limited accuracy, which might lead to a delay in the diagnosis (Di Nubila et al., 2006) .

Only 10% of women from the capital city of Nepal undergo clinical examination of the breast.

Young women seek medical advice only when the disease is very obvious and the younger patients often have a longer history of breast lump.

Poor symptom knowledge and recognition are important issues in developing countries, where cancer awareness will be the remedy.

Moreover, clinical and radiological examinations in younger women have a limited accuracy, which might lead to a delay in the diagnosis.


In the literature, various linguistic summarization methods have been proposed based on the fuzzy set theory [11, 12, 1, 41, 30, 28] . Usually, these methods consider either time series data or data represented as attribute-value pairs. The early focus on these types of data is understandable, since they are very common and represent a large proportion of the data collected in various applications. Also, fields such as data mining and machine learning initially analyzed these types of data. Nevertheless, there are many application domains where the data has a natural structure consisting of (pre-defined) relations amongst data elements. In this paper, we use the term structured data for denoting such relational data. Data containing meta-information making explicit the relations amongst data elements, semantically enriched data, etc. fall under this category. A common representation for structured data is a graph, where the nodes and the edges in the graph correspond to the structure of the data. We contend that new linguistic summarization methods are needed for dealing with the structured data.

In the literature, various linguistic summarization methods have been proposed based on the fuzzy set theory.


While FH+ can influence greater awareness of risk with early and possibly more intensive risk factor modification measures, it is unclear if these measures lead to reversal of the increased risk associated with these individuals. Current preventive management of individuals with FH+ of CHD is however 'reactive' based on development of risk factors rather than 'proactive' global risk reduction measures of reducing total cardiovascular risk. In a recent study, treated hypertensive individuals with a FH+ of CHD reported better longitudinal reduction in blood pressure (BP) and this is consistent with the recommendations of intensive management of risk factors in individuals with FH+ [11] .

In a recent study, treated hypertensive individuals with a FH+ of CHD reported better longitudinal reduction in blood pressure (BP) and this is consistent with the recommendations of intensive management of risk factors in individuals with FH+.


To meet these future needs, NASA and the Department of Energy (DOE) are developing advanced, high-efficiency radioisotope power generators to enable the next ambitious steps in the exploration of our solar system using safe and cost-effective spacecraft [6] . The ARPSs efforts are intended to mature the ARPS technologies up to technology readiness level 5 (TRL 5) . At this point, NASA could select one or more of the technologies for further development by DOE, under NASA sponsorship, into a full-scale RPS flight system. ARPS development is still in its early stages, and thus, flight-qualified ARPSs systems are not expected to become available until around the middle of the next decade [4] .

To meet these future needs, NASA and the Department of Energy (DOE) are developing advanced, high-efficiency radioisotope power generators to enable the next ambitious steps in the exploration of our solar system using safe and cost-effective spacecraft.

ARPS development is still in its early stages, and thus, flight-qualified ARPSs systems are not expected to become available until around the middle of the next decade.


The solar system is a difficult place to explore! Flight times can be long, payload mass is frequently limited, the flux of sunlight can be too high or too low, atmospheres can be extremely dense or a vacuum, surfaces can be very cold or very hot, and radiation environments can be severe. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been overcoming these challenges and has a long history of successful space flight missions that have been enabled by radioisotope-fueled power systems to provide electrical power. A radioisotope power system (RPS) uses the heat generated from the decay of radioisotope material and converts the heat into useful electrical power. RPS applications are most attractive where photovoltaics (PVs) are not viable-such as for deep-space applications-where the solar flux is too low-or for extended surface applications, such as those on Mars or the Moon, where the day/night cycle, settling of dust, and life requirements limit the usefulness of PVs [1] .

RPS applications are most attractive where photovoltaics (PVs) are not viable-such as for deep-space applications-where the solar flux is too low-or for extended surface applications, such as those on Mars or the Moon, where the day/night cycle, settling of dust, and life requirements limit the usefulness of PVs.


Furthermore, we show that one can also carry out a similar consistent KK truncation of D = 11 supergravity on Σ 2 × S 4 , where Σ 2 = S 2 , R 2 (or a quotient thereof). For these cases there is not a corresponding supersymmetric AdS 5 vacuum solution, which is certainly not a requisite for the existence of a consistent KK truncation, but the truncations still have a natural holographic interpretation. Indeed they incorporate the RG flows associated with compactifying the d = 6 (0, 2) SCFT on S 2 or R 2 , with, in the former case, a topological twist that preserves N = 2 d = 4 supersymmetry, and then flowing to the IR [8] . Unlike the H 2 case, these theories do not flow to SCFTs in the IR.

Indeed they incorporate the RG flows associated with compactifying the d = 6 (0, 2) SCFT on S 2 or R 2 , with, in the former case, a topological twist that preserves N = 2 d = 4 supersymmetry, and then flowing to the IR.


Escherichia coli are known as a component of the intestinal microflora of humans and most homeothermic or warm-blooded animals (Bettelheim, 1997) . However, strains that have acquired virulence factors are involved in digestive and extra-intestinal infections (Donnenberg, 2002) . The epidemiological significance of virulent E. coli is well known and of public health concern (EFSA, 2011 (EFSA, , 2012 . The most recent outbreak occurred in Germany, and has spread in many countries of the European Union (Bielaszewska et al., 2011; Frank et al., 2011) .

Escherichia coli are known as a component of the intestinal microflora of humans and most homeothermic or warm-blooded animals.

However, strains that have acquired virulence factors are involved in digestive and extra-intestinal infections.

The most recent outbreak occurred in Germany, and has spread in many countries of the European Union.


Calcium (Ca) contents in the stem (13.6-14 g kg -1 ) and leaves (12.7-13 g kg -1 ) were not influenced by the development stage of the branch, or by the presence or absence of inflorescence ( Figure 2D ). The Ca content in the inflorescences (9.2 g kg -1 ) was lower than in stems and leaves of the same branch, probably because this nutrient has low mobility in the plant and accumulated in the tissue without being able to be redistributed to other plant parts (Marschner, 2002) . According to the results, it is possible to infer that there was higher translocation of Ca from leaves to flowers, since this nutrient has structural function and low mobility in the phloem (Marschner, 2002; Lima et al., 2014b) .

The Ca content in the inflorescences (9.2 g kg -1 ) was lower than in stems and leaves of the same branch, probably because this nutrient has low mobility in the plant and accumulated in the tissue without being able to be redistributed to other plant parts.

According to the results, it is possible to infer that there was higher translocation of Ca from leaves to flowers, since this nutrient has structural function and low mobility in the phloem.


Epoxy resins are widely employed as adhesives, coatings, and encapsulates as well as in polymer matrix composites. Its application in several industries is often related with its low viscosity, making the uncured material suitable for shaping complex components [1] . There are several families of epoxy resins differing in the thermal and mechanical class. Within the resins for medium-or low-curing temperatures, the most conventional ones are glycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and cycloaliphatic epoxies.

Its application in several industries is often related with its low viscosity, making the uncured material suitable for shaping complex components.


Polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage strain both have been shown to increase proportionally with the composite temperature, from 2% at room temperature to 5% at 60˚C, for a range of composites [22, 23, [29] [30] [31] . Thus the increased polymerization forces at elevated temperatures were far greater than previously measured increases in the degree of conversion. One might also have thought that the increased polymerization conversion would have increased the mechanical properties and decreased the creep rate but this was not observed in two of the three composites tested. As mentioned earlier, only GC Kalore showed an increase in nanohardness and elastic modulus, and a decrease in creep rate, but these were not significant.

Polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage strain both have been shown to increase proportionally with the composite temperature, from 2% at room temperature to 5% at 60˚C, for a range of composites.


The interfacial contraction stress occurs during polymerization because the composite is constrained by the bonded surfaces. The configuration factor of the cavity (C-factor), the ratio of the bonded to un-bonded surfaces of the restoration, is one of the main factors in the development of the contraction stress in resin composite restorations [35, 41, 42] . In the present experimental setup, the resin composites were placed in a cylindrical cavity (10 mm × 1 mm thickness), constrained by two composite bonded surfaces, which allowed some degree of composite flow at the unbonded edge surfaces. The C-factor of composite in this setup is 5 (157/31.4) which is considered high [14] . When placing a restoration with the preheated composite, upon placement the tooth will begin to heat up because of the heat transfer from the composite. The tooth will slightly expand while the composite will begin to cool down [45, 46] . When the curing light is switched on, there will be a slight increase in composite temperature followed by a rapid volumetric shrinkage of composite as polymerization occurs. A limited space for composite relaxation and the rigidity of enamel surrounding the cavity will limit the deflection of the tooth, resulting in the development of higher stresses. According to Hooke's law, stress is determined by the stiffness of the material when subjected to a given strain. Therefore, the higher the elastic modulus and the polymerization shrinkage of the composite, the higher the contraction stress will be.

The configuration factor of the cavity (C-factor), the ratio of the bonded to un-bonded surfaces of the restoration, is one of the main factors in the development of the contraction stress in resin composite restorations.

The C-factor of composite in this setup is 5 (157/31.4) which is considered high.

The tooth will slightly expand while the composite will begin to cool down.


Polymerization stress development also depends on polymerization kinetics [33] . In general, the composites exhibited a significant stress increase during the first 40 seconds when it rapidly polymerized and acquired its rigidity [32] . The rate of contraction force development is higher during the light polymerization and continues after exclusion of the light source. In the present study, the maximum rates of force development increased significantly with temperatures (p < 0.05). The plots between rate of force development versus time show a continuation of contraction force after exclusion of the light, which also increased with the temperatures.

Polymerization stress development also depends on polymerization kinetics.

In general, the composites exhibited a significant stress increase during the first 40 seconds when it rapidly polymerized and acquired its rigidity.


Planned as a response to a specific social need and as part of an essentially functional mindset, the architecture of these villages is of a particular type. This was related to the need to confirm or redefine a recognisable local identity, while reinterpreting this in a "modern" way [4] . They were thus a meaningful sign of change in the rural landscape during that particular historical period.

This was related to the need to confirm or redefine a recognisable local identity, while reinterpreting this in a "modern" way.


Structural equation modeling shows that caregivers' life satisfaction significantly influences his/her level of depression since stress can be reduced if the overall quality of life is better. Social factors such as support from family, friends and significant other also play a vital role as it does in other studies [9] [10] [11] . This is especially true for the significant other, i.e. wife/husband, incoping with stress from caregiving.

Social factors such as support from family, friends and significant other also play a vital role as it does in other studies.


To address this situation and enable the modeling and analysis of dynamic features, we propose a model-driven platform for simulation. Simulation is the key element here: by means of simulation, it is possible to draw inferences concerning run-time characteristics of an enterprise [1] . Moreover, our proposal has some characteristics that differentiate it from previous simulation proposals in the EA domain. First of all, it does not use pre-defined metamodels to describe the EA models that are simulated. Instead, specialized metamodels can be defined by metamodelers depending on their own particular needs, and on the kind and complexity of the analysis that they wish to perform. Secondly, the platform supports arbitrarily complex behavior without requiring changes to the base platform (e.g., simulated applications can perform parallel operations, organized by priority queues, and with different response times depending on their complexity). Thirdly, simulation results are processed offline: runs are observed, events and intermediate results are traced, and metrics are calculated. Metrics are defined by EA analysts, and they correspond to the indicators needed for their analysis and decision-making processes. Finally, this simulation approach uses highly configurable scenarios, that can be reused across many experiments, making the platform very suitable for answering what if questions. This paper is structured as follows. Section 2 introduces the simulation metamodel and EA metamodel, which are the foundation of the simulation platform, and section 3 explains how these are used to build simulation scenarios together with indicators. Section 4 discusses simulation experiments, and section 5 presents and ideal workflow to use the proposed platform, as well as the results of an experiment. Finally, section 6 discusses related work and section 7 concludes the paper.

Simulation is the key element here: by means of simulation, it is possible to draw inferences concerning run-time characteristics of an enterprise.

This paper is structured as follows.


Aging society with the declining birthrate has become a serious social problem in Japan, and many other countries have the same problem. As society's aging rapidly advances, the shortage of workers and care workers has become a major issue [1] . To improve quality of life (QoL), it is very important to promote the independence of people with disabilities and the elderly as well as provide household support to these groups and the general population. It is considered that developing a robot which works on behalf of a human is one of possible solutions.

As society's aging rapidly advances, the shortage of workers and care workers has become a major issue.


The process of determining the sampling strategy for examining textbooks confronts a number of issues unique to the textbook market. First, sales numbers are difficult to acquire. Publishers we contacted directly for this information considered sales data to be competitive information. This has been noted in other major studies of textbooks (Lynch & Bogen, 1997) . Second, the fluctuation in sales of older editions because of textbook resales by students can also make the data difficult to interpret. For these reasons, we chose to look at adoptions-a metric that is not affected by school or class size or resale processes. We used the Faculty Center Network (FCN; www.facultycenter.net), a clearinghouse of information for faculty on textbook adoptions maintained by MBS Textbook Exchange, a textbook wholesaler.

This has been noted in other major studies of textbooks.


To determine whether institutional research has penetrated the texts, we created a comprehensive list of authors, articles, and key terms from institutional theory. We created the list of authors and articles from two primary sources. First, we used the published work in the major journals from 2000 -2008, in which an institutional lens was used to study strategic issues. Next, we culled institutional works, authors, and citations from the references of the introductory chapter to the Sage Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism (Greenwood et al., 2008) . We created both a "name" list of institutional scholars and an "article" list of institutional works. For the scholars list, we asked an institutional scholar who has co-edited two books in the institutional field to verify that scholars on the list were institutional scholars. From these sources, we had a list of 75 names and 123 articles. We also included key institutional terms, including all forms of the words institution, legitimacy, logic, and isomorphism to complete our comprehensive list.

Next, we culled institutional works, authors, and citations from the references of the introductory chapter to the Sage Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism.


Knowledge defined in textbooks is a cultural production connecting multiple communities and interests-practitioners, current and former students, teachers who are researchers and teachers who are not, accrediting associations, assessment committees, faculty in other disciplines, authors of texts, and publishers-to a common artifact. When seen from this perspective the processes associated with deciding what goes into textbooks and what should be removed is a much more social and cultural process than common views of the text as a means for mechanical transfer of research to practice would suggest (Rousseau, 2006; Rousseau & McCarthy, 2007) . Based on our results, and linking our findings to the literature on the sociology of scientific knowledge, discourse, and institutional theory, we discuss some of these issues in the following sections. We first focus on the textbooks in this study as texts revealing a relatively common discourse of strategic management pedagogy. We then describe institutional processes in higher education publishing that also may affect content choices. Finally, we explore the possibility that textbook content is a function of author preference and experience and we also explore the implications of that possibility.

When seen from this perspective the processes associated with deciding what goes into textbooks and what should be removed is a much more social and cultural process than common views of the text as a means for mechanical transfer of research to practice would suggest.


The spherical vector wave function expansion solution to the plane wave scattering by a conducting sphere coated uniaxial anisotropic SNG medium is obtained analytically in this paper. The solution has only one-dimensional integral which can be calculated by Gauss integral [24] easily. Numerical results are obtained using the present method and compared with Mie theory and a fairly good agreement is observed. It is shown that the obtained solution is stable even for almost isotropic scatterers, since the proposed solution is an analytical one of a conducting sphere coated uniaxial SNG medium, and the result of the Mie theory is a special case of the present method. The general numerical results, including the conducting sphere coated lossy uniaxial SNG medium and resonance region, are given and are found reducible to those of spacial cases. The present analysis is believed to be useful in antenna and wave propagation.

The solution has only one-dimensional integral which can be calculated by Gauss integral easily.


As previously noted, much of the current research on social comparison is concerned with how people weight different characteristics in comparing themselves with others and with the multiple functions that social comparison can serve (Taylor & Lobel, 1989; J. V. Wood, 1989) . The mechanisms governing the translation of comparative self-appraisals into action have received relatively little attention. Our research broadens and extends this line of inquiry to the behavioral consequences of dynamic shifts in comparative status and to cognitive and affecrive mechanisms through which comparative influences exert their effects.

As previously noted, much of the current research on social comparison is concerned with how people weight different characteristics in comparing themselves with others and with the multiple functions that social comparison can serve.


Subjects set their personal goal slightly below the preset standard and continued to aim for it with strong commitment even though their organizational attainments fell somewhat short of that level. This was true for all of the social-comparative conditions except for the progressive masterers, who sought to better the preset standard. Thus, a growing sense of mastery fostered high aspiration as well as beneficial self-efficac~ analytic thinking, and affective self-reactions. The significant impact of changing comparative status on affective self-reactions lends further support to the growing interest in the self-evaluative consequences of social comparison (Goethals & Darley, 1987) .

The significant impact of changing comparative status on affective self-reactions lends further support to the growing interest in the self-evaluative consequences of social comparison.


Those who experienced progressive decline in their comparative status were more prone to a self-referent focus on their inability to do their job and some despair over their repeated failure to reverse the downward slide. Perceived self-inefficacy to produce expected organizational outcomes also fosters attributions of blame, recalcitrance, and deficiencies to others (Ashton & Webb, 1986) . Had the option to dismiss employees been available, the decliners would probably have depleted a sizable portion of their original personnel. As one of the subjects put it, This was frustrating. I was beginning to think I was getting better at my job but maybe engineers are just a different breed of worker. If I could fire them and replace them.., but it's hard to know what to do.

Perceived self-inefficacy to produce expected organizational outcomes also fosters attributions of blame, recalcitrance, and deficiencies to others.


The findings of this study lend further validity to the general thesis that the effects of particular performance outcomes are determined by their relational properties rather than by their alysolute properties. However, most ofthe research demonstrating that the valence of performance outcomes is determined relationally has been concerned with temporal comparison with the outcomes that one has experienced in the past (Buchwald, 1960; Premack, 1965) . Our study shows that the impact of performance outcomes is altered by social comparison as well and identifies mechanisms through which comparative influences produce their effects.

However, most ofthe research demonstrating that the valence of performance outcomes is determined relationally has been concerned with temporal comparison with the outcomes that one has experienced in the past.


Our findings reveal that social comparison can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. The adverse consequences are not easily avoidable in competitively structured systems because of the prevalence of forced social comparisons. Indeed, comparison with agemates is well entrenched even by the early years of development (Morris & Nemcek, 1982) . Given that people are not about to forsake achievement pursuits and that cooperatively structured systems are hard to come by, it remains a challenge as to how to minimize the demoralizing effects of unfavorable social comparison. Construal of ability as an acquirable attribute, rather than an inherent fixed aptitude, and beliefs in controllability can help to sustain a sense of selfefficacy, motivation for self-development, and positive selfevaluation in the face of repeated failure and setbacks (A. Bandura & Wood, 1989; R. E. Wood & Bandura, 1989b) . Placing greater weight on self-comparative standards and indicants of personal improvement can also lessen the detrimental effects of inimical social comparison (Frey & Ruble, 1990; Nicholls, 1990) . A fruitful extension of research on social comparison would be to articulate the ways in which its demoralizing effects can be attenuated.

Indeed, comparison with agemates is well entrenched even by the early years of development.

Construal of ability as an acquirable attribute, rather than an inherent fixed aptitude, and beliefs in controllability can help to sustain a sense of selfefficacy, motivation for self-development, and positive selfevaluation in the face of repeated failure and setbacks.

Placing greater weight on self-comparative standards and indicants of personal improvement can also lessen the detrimental effects of inimical social comparison.


The establishment of an accurate diagnosis is needed for the introduction of supportive and/or speci®c therapeutic measures. When a successful treatment is not available, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis can be oered for prevention of new cases in the index family. Therefore, selective screening for inherited metabolic diseases represents a major challenge to modern preventive medicine [6] . Reference centres for selective screening were set up in developed countries and, in most cases, became specialized in the detection of speci®c groups (such as aminoacidopathies, organic acidaemias, lysosomal storage disorders (LSD), peroxisomal disorders, etc.) or even for the diagnosis of a single disease.

Therefore, selective screening for inherited metabolic diseases represents a major challenge to modern preventive medicine.


Internal rotation contracture is the most frequent and important secondary deformity of the shoulder in birth palsy. The problem is sometimes addressed by muscle release procedures such as the posterior subscapular slide or an anterior subscapularis tendon lenghtening operations. Once passive external rotation is improved, the child is later assessed for muscle transfers to reconstruct active external rotation if necessary [4] .

Once passive external rotation is improved, the child is later assessed for muscle transfers to reconstruct active external rotation if necessary.


As such, it is especially meaningful to have researchers self reflect on data reuse issues from both data producers' and data users' perspectives. Self-reflection and projection may heighten researchers' awareness of proper data management for their own sake and the community's benefit. It also offers a channel for us to cultivate data stewardship and bridge communication barriers between data producers and data users. Obviously, such opportunities exist given the high level of interest and demand of faculty researchers in a wide range of data-related educational opportunities and support services (Shen, 2016) .

Obviously, such opportunities exist given the high level of interest and demand of faculty researchers in a wide range of data-related educational opportunities and support services.


In today's highly competitive global market, top managers strive to improve their organizational effectiveness through execution of organizational strategies or capabilities that are linked to better performance (Okumus, 2003) . As a result, market orientation becomes a crucial strategy or capability of an organization to stay competitive in the current modest and uncertain business environment (Goldman & Grinstein, 2010) . Market orientation is considered as a marketing concept as well as a management strategy (Mokhtar, Yusoff, & Ahmad, 2014; Ramayah, Samat, & Lo, 2011) . In fact, numerous scholars, practitioners, and researchers have acknowledged that market orientation assists in developing marketing knowledge, superior performance, and competitive advantage (Ellis, 2006; Kirca, Jayachandran, & Bearden, 2005) .

In today's highly competitive global market, top managers strive to improve their organizational effectiveness through execution of organizational strategies or capabilities that are linked to better performance.

As a result, market orientation becomes a crucial strategy or capability of an organization to stay competitive in the current modest and uncertain business environment.

Market orientation is considered as a marketing concept as well as a management strategy.

In fact, numerous scholars, practitioners, and researchers have acknowledged that market orientation assists in developing marketing knowledge, superior performance, and competitive advantage.


The current research has extended the literature of market orientation and performance nexus in several ways. First, the result of this research suggested that competitor orientation and customer orientation are a positive and significant predictor of organizational performance when tested with BSC performance indicators in the context of Malaysian hotel industry. This study was consistent with several prior empirical findings (Kirca et al., 2005; Ramayah et al., 2011; Singh, 2009) . Second, this study identified those hotels in Malaysia practicing competitor orientation and customer orientation as their marketing strategy to attain better performance. Furthermore, this study found that customer orientation affects the performance slightly higher than the competitor orientation. As a final point, the study provided empirical confirmation on the practices and effects of market orientation toward organizational performance of hotels in Malaysia, which has been given very less consideration in the marketing literature so far.

This study was consistent with several prior empirical findings.


Each of the methods used has advantages and limitations. Production-based approaches for valuing health gains have been criticised for not being consistent with the theoretical foundations of CBA in welfare economics, as they focus on changes in productivity rather than measuring overall welfare. Similarly, QALY-based approaches do not fit naturally within the conceptual framework of welfare economics, because they measure changes in health rather than overall welfare. The approach that most directly reflects the principles of welfare economics is to estimate the consumption that affected individuals are willing to trade-off to avoid morbidity or mortality [27, 58, 59] .

The approach that most directly reflects the principles of welfare economics is to estimate the consumption that affected individuals are willing to trade-off to avoid morbidity or mortality.


We note that even as a centralized optimization problem, load-distance balancing is NP-hard, as we show in the full version of this paper [7] . Therefore, Tree and Ripple employ a centralized polynomial 2-approximation algorithm, BFlow, within each cluster. For space limitations, the presentation of BFlow is also deferred to the full paper.

We note that even as a centralized optimization problem, load-distance balancing is NP-hard, as we show in the full version of this paper.


Previously we found a strong inverse association between self-reported frequency of vacations and tension, depression and feelings of exhaustion [1] . We conducted a study to determine if there are urban/rural differences in vacation frequency, to quantify response to mailed questionnaires in a primary care population, and to identify any differential response that may need to be considered in future research with this population. With the need to measure the health of populations served by Accountable Care Organizations (ACO), there will likely be increased need for collecting valid health behavior information by cost effective means.

Previously we found a strong inverse association between self-reported frequency of vacations and tension, depression and feelings of exhaustion.


Supergravity theories are the primary framework for investigating low-energy approximations of string theory and proved to be extremely important in addressing questions about the vacuum selection process, the analysis of non-perturbative phenomena and the understanding of supersymmetry breaking mechanisms. When string theory is compactified to four dimensions, branes and fluxes are commonly used to stabilize the vacuum and this results in generic gauged supergravity models as effective theories [1] . The study of such models has shown that tensor fields play an important role: they are at the basis of the so-called magnetic gaugings, where, by a Stückelberg mechanism, they become massive by eating some combination of the gauge vectors [2] .

When string theory is compactified to four dimensions, branes and fluxes are commonly used to stabilize the vacuum and this results in generic gauged supergravity models as effective theories.

The study of such models has shown that tensor fields play an important role: they are at the basis of the so-called magnetic gaugings, where, by a Stückelberg mechanism, they become massive by eating some combination of the gauge vectors.


From time immemorial, fire has been used for cooking food to make it palatable and digestible. In ancient times, in the villages, there was no scarcity of fuel, and hence, not much attention was given to minimize the loss of energy while using wood for cooking. Almost invariably, open fire was used for transferring the heat energy to the food from the source of the fuel and this accounted for a large percentage of heat lost to the surroundings. Unfortunately, up to the present day, where gas cooker or electric stove is used, the problem of heat loss to the surrounding still exists. It is for this reason that very high amount of fuel is needed for cooking, so that enough heat is available for cooking of food inspite of considerable loss of heat from the source of fuel: wood, coal, gas, or electricity. The main sources of power generation today are fossil fuels (oil, gas, and coal), nuclear reaction, and hydro energy is also used. These are depletable, nonrenewable and pollute the environment. The hydro energy does not produce adequate and consistent power for the nation's consumption [1] . Moreover, the high cost of exploration techniques and the devaluation of the currency of a developing country like Nigeria have made the power from fossil fuel unaffordable for most people [2] .

The hydro energy does not produce adequate and consistent power for the nation's consumption.

Moreover, the high cost of exploration techniques and the devaluation of the currency of a developing country like Nigeria have made the power from fossil fuel unaffordable for most people.


Employees are the back bone and valuable assets for any organization. Organization will focus on the performance of the employees and the factors which will directly and indirectly affect the performance of the employees. An important factor which affects the performance of an employee at work is perception of organizational politics. Politics is a common phenomenon of almost every organization (Vigoda and Cohen, 2002a) . It is unlikely to have a politics free organization because organizations are social entities where employees make efforts individually and in groups for valued resources, struggle for power, involve in conflicts and execute different influential tactics to get the benefits and serve their self interests (Molm, 1997) . Therefore, organizational politics is the severe problem which is being faced by the human resource management now a day in both public and private sectors. Perception of organizational politics directly affects the study of employees and causes a high level of job stress.

Politics is a common phenomenon of almost every organization.

It is unlikely to have a politics free organization because organizations are social entities where employees make efforts individually and in groups for valued resources, struggle for power, involve in conflicts and execute different influential tactics to get the benefits and serve their self interests.


The cases considered so far involve the presence of BSM in either the neutrino scattering or the DM sector. However, it is likely that a BSM mediator communicates with both the neutrino and the DM sector, and the DM and a hidden sector may even be responsible for the light neutrino mass generation [17] . In such cases, it is important to consider the combined effect of neutrino and DM scattering at direct detection experiments. In this work we analyse quantitatively the effect of the presence of BSM physics communicating to both the neutrinos and the DM sector on the DM discovery potential at future direct detection experiments.

However, it is likely that a BSM mediator communicates with both the neutrino and the DM sector, and the DM and a hidden sector may even be responsible for the light neutrino mass generation.


The absence of any WIMP signal at the existing direct detection experiments has resulted in the need for next generation experiments. It is expected that these experiments will eventually reach the sensitivity to measure solar (and perhaps atmospheric) neutrinos from the neutrino floor. It thus becomes important to analyse the capacity of these experiments to discriminate between DM and neutrino scattering events. It has been shown that a sufficiently strong Non-Standard Interaction (NSI) contribution to the neutrinonucleus scattering can result in a signal at direct detection experiments [10] [11] [12] [13] . Several attempts have been made to discriminate between DM scattering and neutrino scattering events [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] .

It has been shown that a sufficiently strong Non-Standard Interaction (NSI) contribution to the neutrinonucleus scattering can result in a signal at direct detection experiments.

Several attempts have been made to discriminate between DM scattering and neutrino scattering events.


In what follows we consider a Generalized Galileon coupled to any matter field [1] . Under the duality a local coupling to matter maps into a local coupling to matter. Furthermore since the duality map is associated with a diffeomorphism, it provides a strong indication that the map is also valid at the quantum level (unless diffeomorphism anomalies appear which are known only arise in 4k + 2 dimensions [17] ). We shall find special cases where the duality is itself a continuous global symmetry of the action, which strengthens the case for the validity of the duality at the quantum level for these examples. In particular the pure quintic Galileon in four dimensions is duality invariant.

In what follows we consider a Generalized Galileon coupled to any matter field.

Furthermore since the duality map is associated with a diffeomorphism, it provides a strong indication that the map is also valid at the quantum level (unless diffeomorphism anomalies appear which are known only arise in 4k + 2 dimensions).


A thermistor is a thermally sensitive resistor. Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) is a common material for use in thermistors due to its very non-linear dependence of electric conductivity s on temperature T (Macklen, 1979) . This property makes thermistors attractive in various applications such as temperature sensors, switching devices and current limiters.

Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) is a common material for use in thermistors due to its very non-linear dependence of electric conductivity s on temperature T.


In the fourth section we employ the compactification process of the first section to account for all the linear α ′ corrections in lower dimensions using the corrections in ten dimensions. We compute the local horizon configuration parameters for all field redefinitions compatible with ten dimensional diffeomorphism group. Note that the modified Hawking-Bekenstein entropy is the same for actions related to each other by field redefinition provided that either the α ′ series is not truncated or the α ′ terms are studied as perturbations around a classical solution [30] . However since the local horizon is the exact solution of the truncated equations then the modified Hawking-Bekenstein entropy depends on the field redefinition ambiguity parameters. We show that there exist schemes in which the inclusion of all the linear α ′ corrections in an arbitrary dimension gives rise to a local horizon with geometry AdS 2 ×S D−2 for which the modified Hawking-Bekenstein entropy is in agreement with the statistical entropy and outside which the higher order α ′ corrections are perturbative. We address the existence of a smooth solution connecting the local horizon to asymptotic infinity.

Note that the modified Hawking-Bekenstein entropy is the same for actions related to each other by field redefinition provided that either the α ′ series is not truncated or the α ′ terms are studied as perturbations around a classical solution.


We have included all the linear α ′ corrections for half-BPS singular backgrounds representing a wrapped fundamental string. We have studied all the schemes, field redefinitions ambiguities, compatible with the ten dimensional diffeomorphism group. We have shown that there exist schemes in which the inclusion of all the linear α ′ corrections gives rise to a 'local' horizon with geometry AdS 2 ×S D−2 and for which the modified Hawking-Bekenstein entropy is in agreement with the statistical entropy. Note that the modified Hawking-Bekenstein entropy is the same for actions related to each other by field redefinition provided that either the α ′ series is not truncated or the α ′ terms are studied as perturbations around a classical solution [30] . However since we have applied Wald's formula on the exact solution of the truncated equations of motion, the entropy depends on the field redefinition ambiguity parameters.


Amongst these singular classical geometries are the half BPS null singular ones which represent a wrapped fundamental string with general momentum and winding numbers [1] . These null singular geometries have a statistical entropy associated to them since string states with given momentum and winding numbers are degenerate [2] . It is conjectured that quantum effects convert these singular geometries to black holes with a regular horizon.

Amongst these singular classical geometries are the half BPS null singular ones which represent a wrapped fundamental string with general momentum and winding numbers.

These null singular geometries have a statistical entropy associated to them since string states with given momentum and winding numbers are degenerate.


In the third section we review how the α ′ corrections can be computed. We present the linear α ′ corrections in the Heterotic theory to backgrounds of metric, NS two form and dilaton obtained from scattering amplitude considerations [31, 32] . We study the field redefinition ambiguities. We require that the generalisation of the Einstein tensor is covariantly divergence free. This requirement fixes the curvature squared terms to the Gauss-Bonnet Lagrangian keeping some of the field redefinition ambiguity parameters untouched.

We present the linear α ′ corrections in the Heterotic theory to backgrounds of metric, NS two form and dilaton obtained from scattering amplitude considerations.


We answer these questions by focusing on CSA farmers in California, on the west coast of the USA. California is the USA's top grossing agricultural state, has welldeveloped channels of local and organic food provisioning through both direct and retail markets, and has the largest number of CSAs of all the states (Galt 2011) . Thus, CSA farmers in California are amongst the most likely in the country to experience high levels of competition both from other CSAs and from other direct and retail market outlets focusing on local, seasonal produce. Through a survey of California CSA farmers, we examine CSA farmers' views of competition and conduct statistical analysis to examine possible effects of competition on a range of economic and social measures, including: farm finances, farmer satisfaction, CSA characteristics and CSA-member relationships (such as risk sharing), and farms' engagement with community food security efforts (such as gleaning). Before we examine the data, we first theorise how competition affects socially embedded AFNs, and CSAs in particular.

California is the USA's top grossing agricultural state, has welldeveloped channels of local and organic food provisioning through both direct and retail markets, and has the largest number of CSAs of all the states.


Our aim in this paper is to test the predictions of the three main behavioral finance models of market under-and overreaction using unambiguous mandatory public accounting signals. More specifically, we employ going-concern audit report disclosures to provide clean and direct tests of these models. The going-concern environment has special characteristics that overcome the limitations of previous studies and so make it an ideal context for such analyses. This is because, firstly, in the case of these mainly small financial-distressed firms the important limits-to-arbitrage condition is met, and provides a plausible explanation for the observed mispricing (market underreaction) to persist for a period of one year after the publication of a going-concern audit opinion (post-going-concern drift) (Kausar, Taffler and Tan, 2005; Taffler, Lu and Kausar, 2004) .

This is because, firstly, in the case of these mainly small financial-distressed firms the important limits-to-arbitrage condition is met, and provides a plausible explanation for the observed mispricing (market underreaction) to persist for a period of one year after the publication of a going-concern audit opinion (post-going-concern drift).


In this contribution, we present a model which has been developed, keeping in mind these two diculties. The originality of the model compared to the approaches based on cap models in plasticity is the description of the variations of the material elastic stiness. The degradation of the elastic moduli is described in the model by two damage scalars: a tension damage variable and a compression damage variable. Tension damage is controlled by the positive elastic strains. In order to capture the evolution of plastic strain we use a modi®ed GursonÕs yield function with associated¯ow rules [15, 23] . The evolution of the volume fraction of voids entering in the GursonÕs yield function is directly related to compression damage. When it decreases, it produces an increase of the material stiness and therefore a decrease of material damage. Hence, the evolution of compression damage and plastic strain are entirely coupled. Section 2 presents this constitutive model and its calibration from experimental results. In Section 3, the implementation of this model in the ®nite element code DYNA3D is proposed. Finally, computations on test cases which exhibit the major properties and characteristics of the model are presented in Section 4. We do not intend to deal here with thorough comparisons with experimental results, but rather to exhibit the in¯uence of its major characteristics on the response of small structures in transient dynamics.

In order to capture the evolution of plastic strain we use a modi®ed GursonÕs yield function with associated¯ow rules.


One of the concerns in the construction and use of machine learning algorithms is the possibility of overfitting the training data [17] . Hence, it is necessary to have algorithms that are capable of not only dealing efficiently and effectively with high dimensionality of mass spectral data, but also producing models with good generalization capability. The latter demands models derived from a training dataset to apply equally well to a previously unseen (independent) dataset.

One of the concerns in the construction and use of machine learning algorithms is the possibility of overfitting the training data.


The deviations between the model and the experimental data in Figure 9 could be due to assumptions and simplifications made in the present model; such as, no other elements than carbon and hydrogen atoms were present in the EBT3 film, and no light leaked from the film. The spatial distribution of Net ROD over the upper and lower surface of an EBT3 film after being exposed to 164.70 J/cm 2 UV radiation is shown in Figure 10 . The Net ROD values were larger at the upper surface, which was explained by the loss of intensities of light rays during their traversals of the active layer of the EBT3 film (thickness = 28 μm). The largest theoretical Net ROD was recorded at the center of the film because a point source was used in the simulations. In the model here, Net ROD was defined as Net ROD = log(φ unexposed /φ exposed ), where φ unexposed and φ exposed were reflected intensities of light from the unexposed and exposed film to UV radiation, respectively, in line with the definition of experimental Net ROD as Net ROD = log(P u /P t ), where P u and P t were the pixel values of reflected intensities through an unexposed film and an exposed film, respectively [8] . It is remarked here that, during the conversion of experimentally obtained images of the EBT3 film into grayscale, the pixel values ranged from 255 (completely white) to 0 (completely black), so the ratio P u /P t was always larger than unity. Similarly, the ratio φ unexposed /φ exposed ratio was always larger than unity. Both pixel values and reflected light intensities could be traced back to properties of the EBT3 film under analysis.

In the model here, Net ROD was defined as Net ROD = log(φ unexposed /φ exposed ), where φ unexposed and φ exposed were reflected intensities of light from the unexposed and exposed film to UV radiation, respectively, in line with the definition of experimental Net ROD as Net ROD = log(P u /P t ), where P u and P t were the pixel values of reflected intensities through an unexposed film and an exposed film, respectively.


Besides aesthetics, Chen also considers the issue of usability. Empirical studies have shown that perceived aesthetics have a positive effect on usability [3, 22] . This is a critical issue, since the user plays a central role in the visualization process. The interactive nature of visualizations poses high demands in terms of usability. Aesthetics should not be reduced to pleasing visual design, aesthetic qualities in interaction design also have to be considered when evaluating visualizations [4, 6] .

Empirical studies have shown that perceived aesthetics have a positive effect on usability.

Aesthetics should not be reduced to pleasing visual design, aesthetic qualities in interaction design also have to be considered when evaluating visualizations.


In relation to the high-fat diet (SH group), experimental studies demonstrated that the intake of this diet was related to the dyslipidemic profile and was observed in our results by an increase in total cholesterol, TG, and LDL-c concentrations (see Fig. 3a-d) [5, 6, 14, 25] . Besides, due to the higher energy content of the high-fat diet compared with the chow diet, this diet induced increases in adiposity and fatty liver [2, 5, 6] . These alterations were observed in the present study (see Table 2 and 3). A high-fat diet has been associated with a decrease in the rate of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, leading to a lower content of glycogen in tissues [15, 22, 23] . However, this fact was not observed in our results when the glycogen content in the muscle and liver did not differ significantly from the control group (see Table 3 ). Several studies have reported that moderate exercise promotes reduction in body adiposity, dyslipidemia and fatty liver in rats [5, [24] [25] [26] . It has been reported that high-fat diets result in an increase in lipid oxidation during exercise [27] . It is known that both increased lipolysis and the consequent increase in plasma fatty acids during exercise facilitate this change [28] . However, these same two factors act in an opposite direction with respect to the metabolism of carbohydrates. Physical training increases the glycogen content stored, while the high-fat diet has been associated with a decreased rate of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis [29] . Thus, our finding agrees with that those found in the literature demonstrated by improvement in lipid profile in trained groups (see Fig. 3a, b) , reduction in relative weight of EPI, RET (see Table 2 ), and fatty liver and glycogen content (see Table 3 ). In Fig. 4 we give a summary of our key findings related to kind of diet and training.

In relation to the high-fat diet (SH group), experimental studies demonstrated that the intake of this diet was related to the dyslipidemic profile and was observed in our results by an increase in total cholesterol, TG, and LDL-c concentrations (see Fig. 3a-d).

Besides, due to the higher energy content of the high-fat diet compared with the chow diet, this diet induced increases in adiposity and fatty liver.

A high-fat diet has been associated with a decrease in the rate of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, leading to a lower content of glycogen in tissues.

Several studies have reported that moderate exercise promotes reduction in body adiposity, dyslipidemia and fatty liver in rats.

It has been reported that high-fat diets result in an increase in lipid oxidation during exercise.

It is known that both increased lipolysis and the consequent increase in plasma fatty acids during exercise facilitate this change.

Physical training increases the glycogen content stored, while the high-fat diet has been associated with a decreased rate of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis.


Both Kollár and Viehweg suggest reasonable definitions, but local closedness has yet to be established for either of their moduli functors. At this time it is not even clear whether their definitions differ. However, we should point out that Kollár's moduli functor is known to satisfy a weak form of local closedness. Precisely, after passage to a formal orétale local ring, local closedness holds provided we restrict to base change morphisms arising from local ring homomorphisms [12] , §14.

Precisely, after passage to a formal orétale local ring, local closedness holds provided we restrict to base change morphisms arising from local ring homomorphisms, §14.


In recent years there has been great progress in the moduli theory of surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties by Alexeev, Kollár, Shepherd-Barron, and Viehweg [1] , [11] , [13] , [14] . According to their work, moduli spaces exist for many moduli problems, in particular, for smooth canonically polarized varieties. More generally, it is established that if a moduli problem satisfies certain properties, then a corresponding (coarse) moduli space exists. The most important of these properties are separatedness, boundedness and local closedness. According to the above authors' work the former two of these hold for the moduli problem of canonically polarized stable surfaces-the candidate for a geometrically meaningful compactification of the moduli space of smooth canonically polarized surfaces. Local closedness, however, has presented a very stubborn problem.

In recent years there has been great progress in the moduli theory of surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties by Alexeev, Kollár, Shepherd-Barron, and Viehweg.


This study used a simplified model of a coral reef ecosystem to explore the effects of changes in economic, biological, and social parameters in a multiple-species coral-reef ecosystem with adaptive harvesters. Several modifications are possible that might generate new or contrary results. A commonpool resource context might be analyzed by including the effects of strategic behavior. More realism might be added to the ecological model with the addition of other important functional groups such as sea urchins, coralivores, invertivores, subgroups of algae and coral, and noncommercial species. For modelers, the testing of various functional forms for species interactions might generate very different results. One might disaggregate various herbivores and piscivores to examine the effects of functional-group redundancy on ecosystem dynamics (Bellwood et al. 2004) . Prices for reef fish might be determined endogenously in small subsistence fishing communities. Finally, the addition of some parameter uncertainty is likely important.

One might disaggregate various herbivores and piscivores to examine the effects of functional-group redundancy on ecosystem dynamics.