We have provided new (analytic) exclusion bounds in the MSSM from the formation of CCB minima. Contrary to previous considerations, we did not constrain the soft- We constrained ourselves to cases with only one non-standard vev, accordingly the exclusions would change once more directions are taken into account. In those cases, however, the definition of flat directions suffers from ambiguities which makes the derivation of an analytic bound similar to Eq. (12) unclear. Similarly, the constraints can be extended to non-vanishing stop and stau vevs as has been done for the left-right mixing of staus [36] .

Similarly, the constraints can be extended to non-vanishing stop and stau vevs as has been done for the left-right mixing of staus.


The penultimate condition is the energy balance condition at the free boundary and is known as the Stefan condition named after J. Stefan who pioneered the study of FBP pertaining to melting of polar ice caps or conversely freezing of seawater in polar ice caps. The original formulation of Stefan treated the polar ocean as a column of pure water at bulk equilibrium melting temperature T M adjacent to an ice layer at bulk temperature T b < T M and defined the Stefan condition of latent heat evolution and conduction away from the ice-water interface in a one-dimensional sense [5] . FBPs can be further classified as explicit or implicit depending on the explicit or implicit specification of the speed of temporal evolution of the phase interface. The classical Stefan problem falls in the former category.

The original formulation of Stefan treated the polar ocean as a column of pure water at bulk equilibrium melting temperature T M adjacent to an ice layer at bulk temperature T b < T M and defined the Stefan condition of latent heat evolution and conduction away from the ice-water interface in a one-dimensional sense.


More recently, research into thermoacoustic instability has mainly been motivated by gas turbine engines [16] . The energy density inside a gas turbine is considerably less than that inside a rocket engine. This means that the thermoacoustic oscillations have lower amplitude and are usually sufficiently small that nonlinear gas dynamics can be neglected. It is also worth mentioning that, in gas turbines, the heat release fluctuations tend to be a function of the velocity fluctuations (velocity-coupling) rather than the pressure fluctuations (pressure-coupling).

More recently, research into thermoacoustic instability has mainly been motivated by gas turbine engines.


To address such challenges, several empirical studies have been conducted to establish how these constraints can be minimized to ensure SMEs' growth. Notwithstanding the effort by researchers to investigate these problems thus facilitating the growth of SMEs, very little effort has gone into investigating the effect of fraud on the expansion of SMEs. Yet, the impact of fraud on SME operations cannot be discounted. For instance, almost half (48 per cent) of companies surveyed in a recent survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) reported being victims of fraud and the average direct cost of this economic crime was estimated at £1.75bn (www.managers.org.uk). In fact, the true cost of fraud goes beyond the financial loss and has implications for firm's reputation, morale and management time, as well as trust within the business sector (Savage, 2003) .

In fact, the true cost of fraud goes beyond the financial loss and has implications for firm's reputation, morale and management time, as well as trust within the business sector.


These results further support species-specific differences in steroid metabolism (Schwarzenberger 2007) . The origin of all these differences is the confluence of multiple causes pointed out by other authors: specificity of microbes in the feces that metabolize the fecal steroids, effect of temperature on steroid metabolite degradation, environmental moisture which allows the growth of microbes and fungi, change in metabolite affinity for antibodies, and the different chemical stability of each hormone (Matkovics 1972; Woods 1975; Neumann et al. 2002; Terio et al. 2002; Washburn and Millspaugh 2002; Millspaugh and Washburn 2004) . Exhaustive condition-controlled laboratory metabolism studies, followed by precise identification of new metabolites, HPLC mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, or infrared spectroscopy, are recommended to find out the precise hormone metabolism and degradation processes and the factors affecting them. These results would permit the development and use of more specific antibodies for precise results when degraded fecal samples are used to study reproductive processes under field conditions.

These results further support species-specific differences in steroid metabolism.

The origin of all these differences is the confluence of multiple causes pointed out by other authors: specificity of microbes in the feces that metabolize the fecal steroids, effect of temperature on steroid metabolite degradation, environmental moisture which allows the growth of microbes and fungi, change in metabolite affinity for antibodies, and the different chemical stability of each hormone.


Cloud systems experience frequent failures due to their large-scale and distributed nature [16] . Failures of any components in the cloud may cause the jobs to be interrupted. Jobs may span thousands of cloud components and run for a long time before being interrupted, which leads to the wastage of energy and other resources [16] . Thus, one of the main challenges in cloud systems is to assure the reliability of job execution in the presence of failures. Specifically, if a job is restarted upon failure, the energy consumed for the segment of the job that has been executed before the failure is wasted. Thus, if a job can be resumed after failure recovery, the energy consumption for the segment of the job that has been executed before the failure is not wasted. Usually, warm and hot replication schemes support resuming of job execution after failure recovery.

Cloud systems experience frequent failures due to their large-scale and distributed nature.

Jobs may span thousands of cloud components and run for a long time before being interrupted, which leads to the wastage of energy and other resources.


Cloud computing is a realization of the endeavour to provide computing as a utility. Users submit their work requests to the cloud, to be processed and the results are delivered. Typically, the rapid growth in demand for computational power driven by modern service-oriented applications has led to the establishment of large-scale virtualized data centers [1] [2] [3] [4] . However, data centers consume a huge amount of energy resulting in high operating costs and resulting contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A major reason for this significant power consumption is the inefficiency of data center deployments, which are often underutilized. It has been estimated that only 10%-50% of the total server capacity is used on average [3, 5] .

Typically, the rapid growth in demand for computational power driven by modern service-oriented applications has led to the establishment of large-scale virtualized data centers.

It has been estimated that only 10%-50% of the total server capacity is used on average.


The present study, which focuses upon release from an early stage of dormancy resulting from prolonged SDexposure of S.pentandra seedlings, demonstrates clear correlations between LD-induced bud break (Fig. 1) , and localised, transiently elevated levels of GAs, especially pronounced for GA, (Fig. 2, 4 ). This gradient of GA, within apices was far more steep than in continuously elongating plants, probably reflecting the initiation of renewed shoot elongation in a narrow zone of the stem. In S. pentandra, exogenous GA, and GA M are both able to mimic LD conditions, and induce bud break and new growth under SD (Junttila and Jensen 1988) . The prevailing data on GAs relative to the events involved in bud break in S. pentandra, are thus suggestive of a causal effect of GA,. The temporary high level of GA, in S. pentandra disappeared as elongation growth was similar to that of continuously elongating seedlings. It is possible that the levels of GA, are down-regulated as soon as growth has resumed.

In S. pentandra, exogenous GA, and GA M are both able to mimic LD conditions, and induce bud break and new growth under SD.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicted to be the third leading cause of mortality according to new estimates by the World Health Organization [1] . Exacerbations are considered key events in the natural history of this condition, as they are characterized by episodic decline in respiratory health from a stable state. COPD exacerbations are associated with a number of negative health outcomes, and also present a major economic burden [2, 3] . Preventing exacerbations is therefore a crucial part of COPD management.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicted to be the third leading cause of mortality according to new estimates by the World Health Organization.

COPD exacerbations are associated with a number of negative health outcomes, and also present a major economic burden.


Chemical synthesis of these derivatives is difficult, as FA is susceptible to oxidation under certain pH condi-tions [12] - [14] . Thus, enzymatic biosynthesis of FA lipids has been used as an attractive alternative to the conventional chemical processes [15] . Environment-friendly preparation of hydrophobic derivatives of FA is therefore a challenge for research. Enzymatic direct esterifications of FA with aliphatic alcohols have been reported [16] . Hydrophilic feruloylated derivatives can be produced using the esterification of FA with alcohols. The strategy of esterification of hydrophilic FA with lipophilic molecules, such as aliphatic alcohols, can be employed to alter its solubility in a hydrophobic medium. The esterification of FA with monosaccharides as well as n-octyl glycoside to produced hydrophilic feruloylated derivatives. The water-soluble derivative of glyceryl ferulate was biosynthesized by esterification of FA with glycerol using pectinase [17] . Solvent-free enzymatic transesterification of EF with triolein (TO) with a higher EF conversion 77% [18] . However, the reaction rate for the condensation of FA with an alcoholic substrate is low because FA has conjugation with a carboxyl group and a bulky noncarboxylic region [19] . In this study, lipase-catalyzed transesterification of FA to biosynthesis 2-ethylhexyl ferulate was optimized. In order to optimise the biosynthesis conditions, including concentration of solvent, reaction temperature, enzyme load, reaction time, duty cycle, and solvent-to-material ratio, response surface methodology (RSM) has been used. By establishing a mathematical model, RSM evaluates multiple parameters and their interactions using quantitative data, effectively optimising complex extraction procedures in a statistical way, thus reducing the number of experimental trials required.

Chemical synthesis of these derivatives is difficult, as FA is susceptible to oxidation under certain pH condi-tions.

Thus, enzymatic biosynthesis of FA lipids has been used as an attractive alternative to the conventional chemical processes.

Enzymatic direct esterifications of FA with aliphatic alcohols have been reported.

The water-soluble derivative of glyceryl ferulate was biosynthesized by esterification of FA with glycerol using pectinase.

Solvent-free enzymatic transesterification of EF with triolein (TO) with a higher EF conversion 77%.

However, the reaction rate for the condensation of FA with an alcoholic substrate is low because FA has conjugation with a carboxyl group and a bulky noncarboxylic region.


We measure performance using the SIMFLEX sampling methodology [28] . We report confidence intervals on change in performance using matched-pair sample comparison. Our samples are drawn over an interval of from 10s to 30s of simulated time for OLTP and web server workloads, over the complete query execution for DSS, and over a single iteration for scientific applications. We launch measurements from checkpoints with warmed caches, branch predictors, history buffer, and index table state, then warm queue and interconnect state for 100,000 cycles prior to measuring 200,000 cycles. We use the aggregate number of user instructions committed per cycle (i.e., committed user instructions summed over the 4 cores divided by total elapsed cycles) as our performance metric, which is proportional to overall system throughput [28] .

We measure performance using the SIMFLEX sampling methodology.

We use the aggregate number of user instructions committed per cycle (i.e., committed user instructions summed over the 4 cores divided by total elapsed cycles) as our performance metric, which is proportional to overall system throughput.


High-speed railway has been working around the world for decades of years. Ballast bed is one of the most important approaches of the high speed railway. Ballast flying has been considered as a problem in train aerodynamics since the 1980´s. The trains produce powerful airflows that increase the ballast flying occurrence, resulting in lots of issues [1] , [2] , [3] . Obvious evidences of ballast flying such as damaging wheel, breaking glasses at station, and injuring acoustic screen have frequently been reported [2] . The flying ballast particles may hit the bottom of train body and make it distorted. If the ballast fall onto the rail tread, the interaction between the wheel and rail surface may lead to derail for the worst case [4] . Ballast flying is becoming an assignable factor of threatening the train operation and limiting the speed of ballasted high-speed trains. It is of great importance to focus on the ballast flying topic in order that it will not be the obstacle in the development of the ballasted high-speed railway [5] .

The trains produce powerful airflows that increase the ballast flying occurrence, resulting in lots of issues.

Obvious evidences of ballast flying such as damaging wheel, breaking glasses at station, and injuring acoustic screen have frequently been reported.

If the ballast fall onto the rail tread, the interaction between the wheel and rail surface may lead to derail for the worst case.

It is of great importance to focus on the ballast flying topic in order that it will not be the obstacle in the development of the ballasted high-speed railway.


It is clearly that ballast flight is a sporadic phenomenon which is difficult to predict or to characterize under real conditions [8] , [9] , [10] . It is not clear the relevance and devotion of that these results obtained under idealized conditions for the situation on real track bed [7] , [11] . However, characteristics of individual ballast particles tested in wind tunnel have been proved of significance, especially with the variation of wind velocity. The wind velocity can be changed by the control panel. Meanwhile the pressure on ballast particles and the displacement of ballast particles can be obtained by the wind pressure transducer and the displacement transducer respectively. In order to analyze the relationships between these parameters and the wind velocities, two sets of tests were performed. Firstly, the ballast particles were adhered to the test platform. The wind pressure data were recorded as the wind velocity changes. Secondly, the ballast particles without constraint were placed on the platform. The critical wind velocities at which the ballast particles start to move were determined.

It is clearly that ballast flight is a sporadic phenomenon which is difficult to predict or to characterize under real conditions.

It is not clear the relevance and devotion of that these results obtained under idealized conditions for the situation on real track bed.


The explanations of this phenomenon have been achieved from two points of view [3] . The first one is ballast-flying by strong wind in the vicinity of train and track. The other one is ballast-flying by impact of accreted snow and ice from train under-floor. This sporadic, discrete phenomenon is difficult to characterize by in-situ tests, therefore statistic observations on ballast particle wind tunnel tests are required to determine solutions to reduce this kind of phenomenon, as well as risk assessment [7] .

The explanations of this phenomenon have been achieved from two points of view.

This sporadic, discrete phenomenon is difficult to characterize by in-situ tests, therefore statistic observations on ballast particle wind tunnel tests are required to determine solutions to reduce this kind of phenomenon, as well as risk assessment.


In a recent evaluation of manure value in the Southern High Plains area, the value of the potential energy from biogas exceeded the value of using the manure for its fertilizer equivalence (Parker et al., 1997) . Biogas is produced during the decomposition of organic material under anaerobic conditions. Biogas is comprised of 55-70 percent methane (CH 4 ) and 30-45 percent carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with traces of hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (Voermans, 1985) . Biogas can be used as a substitute for natural gas for heating and producing electricity (Raab, 1985; Voermans, 1985) .

In a recent evaluation of manure value in the Southern High Plains area, the value of the potential energy from biogas exceeded the value of using the manure for its fertilizer equivalence.

Biogas is comprised of 55-70 percent methane (CH 4 ) and 30-45 percent carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with traces of hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide.

Biogas can be used as a substitute for natural gas for heating and producing electricity.


Most anaerobic digesters are designed to operate in the mesophilic and thermophilic temperature ranges. There are advantages and disadvantages of each temperature range. Mesophilic temperatures are more stable than thermophilic because they inhibit the production of excessive free ammonia, which can destroy the bacteria vital for anaerobic digestion (Fedler and Day, 1985; Hashimoto et al., 1981; Angelidaki & Ahring, 1994) . Advantages of thermophilic temperatures include destruction of pathogenic bacteria and higher loading rates. A disadvantage of mesophilic and thermophilic digestion is that an external heat source is required to maintain design operating temperatures.

Mesophilic temperatures are more stable than thermophilic because they inhibit the production of excessive free ammonia, which can destroy the bacteria vital for anaerobic digestion.


Yet, this question has resurfaced in the form of Schrödinger's cat, posed in part to demonstrate the non-physical nature of the Heisenberg-Bohr model of quantum theory, also known as the Copenhagen Interpretation, which is the predominant quantum mechanical model. Such models arose from attempts to interpret the physical mechanisms of the famous double slit experiment, which were considered by some physicists to have no classical explanation. However recent experimental studies find a different interpretation of the double slit experiment, based on pilot waves in fluid dynamics of classical systems (Bush, 2015; Couder and Fort, 2006; Borghesi et al., 2014) . The Copenhagen interpretation has led to the typical inference that the observer and the observed can be isolated from the system they are embedded in; i.e. all other frames -in that their relationship defines the reduction of the probability amplitude (collapse of the wave function) into a definite event. In such a model, the wave function ( , ) that describe the superposition of eigenvalues is taken to translate as a probability amplitude, and a particle has no real physical existence until it is somehow observed.

However recent experimental studies find a different interpretation of the double slit experiment, based on pilot waves in fluid dynamics of classical systems.


BCG use is limited in BC by treatment failure, adverse effects and intolerance that occur in over two-thirds of all patients and consist largely of irritative voiding symptoms including haematuria, dysuria and urgency [19] . Even major complications and death related to treatment have been described [76] . In the BC studies presented here, the results demonstrated that P-MAPA immunotherapy was more effective in restoring normal morphological features and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to BCG. Concerning the toxicological analysis, the present results showed that both P-MAPA and BCG treatments did not show hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity compared to MNU group, which showed higher creatinine and urea serum levels; and indicating that high molecular weight of P-MAPA and BCG probably hinder local diffusion into the bladder wall thereby preventing systemic toxicity. Although BCG did not cause systemic toxicity, this immunotherapy led to intense local adverse effects such as haematuria compared to P-MAPA treatment, which was absent.

BCG use is limited in BC by treatment failure, adverse effects and intolerance that occur in over two-thirds of all patients and consist largely of irritative voiding symptoms including haematuria, dysuria and urgency.

Even major complications and death related to treatment have been described.


Dialyzer reuse is considered safe and effective for thousands of patients. This practice requires high-fl ux dialyzers, which are more expensive and durable. The reuse of dialyzers decreases the incidence of reactions attributed to fi rst use, and allows dialysis treatment to be widely available (Cho et al., 2004; Miles and Friedman, 1997) .

The reuse of dialyzers decreases the incidence of reactions attributed to fi rst use, and allows dialysis treatment to be widely available.


Sustainability is important to hospitals because of the high rates of waste generation in healthcare. Reprocessing blood dialyzers decreases the production of solid health waste and is a common procedure in the United States. Reprocessing is practiced by more than 75% of the Institutes of Hemodialysis in the United States and saves the country over $200 million annually (Okechukwu et al., 2000) .

Reprocessing is practiced by more than 75% of the Institutes of Hemodialysis in the United States and saves the country over $200 million annually.


Improper maintenance of hemodialysis water systems and reprocessing of dialyzers may result in reactions in hemodialysis patients (Borges et al., 2007) . The quality of dialysis fluids depends on complex systems with devices and procedures that allow for effective treatment. If the water is not treated properly, potentially harmful chemical or biological contaminants may be transferred to patients. This exposure may lead to the appearance of pyrogenic reactions and sepsis (Calderaro and Heller, 2001; Varo et al., 2007) . Even after undergoing some treatment, the water may still be contaminated with microorganisms depending on the efficiency of the disinfection method used. Ineffective disinfection leads to biofilm formation in hemodialysis systems (Cappelli et al., 2006) .

Improper maintenance of hemodialysis water systems and reprocessing of dialyzers may result in reactions in hemodialysis patients.

This exposure may lead to the appearance of pyrogenic reactions and sepsis.

Ineffective disinfection leads to biofilm formation in hemodialysis systems.


According to the resolution RDC nr 154, of June 15 th (Brazil, 2004 , the water used in preparing the solution for dialysis services must have its quality guaranteed at all stages of treatment, storage and distribution through the monitoring of microbiological and physico-chemical parameters. A quantity of up to 200 CFU/ml of heterotrophic bacteria is acceptable with the absence in 100 mL of fecal coliforms and 2 EU/mL of endotoxins. These standards are associated with the prevention of clinical complications arising from bacterial contamination of the dialysis fluid. In this study, there was one dialyzer contaminated by Escherichia coli (Table 1) , and a high incidence of mesophilic microorganisms above the parameters accepted by legislation (Lonneman, 2010) .

In this study, there was one dialyzer contaminated by Escherichia coli (Table 1) , and a high incidence of mesophilic microorganisms above the parameters accepted by legislation.


Survey results: Initially, 250 questionnaires were distributed by postal and electronic mail to potential respondents. Unfortunately, only 27 completed questionnaires were returned by the respondents, giving a poor response rate of 10.8%. Due to this poor response rate, the authors decided to contact a department of an automotive vendor developer from one of the National Car Manufacturers to garner some support on potential respondents. In March 2011, the authors' application was approved where the authors were given a time slot during a vendor briefing programme and annual quality presentation. On that day, the authors personally distributed the questionnaire to all 157 participants. At the end of both programmes, 70 sets of completed usable questionnaires were collected which gave a response rate of 44.6%. Finally, the total number of completed and returned survey questionnaires rose to 97 sets where this number is adequate for performing the SPSS analysis (Chavez et al., 2013) .

Finally, the total number of completed and returned survey questionnaires rose to 97 sets where this number is adequate for performing the SPSS analysis.


These analyses give us some clues on the factors that must be fully implemented and practiced in order to be successful in LM implementation. These four factors comprise of the following: management commitment and leadership; quality management; continuous improvement; and customer management. This survey finding does not conclude other factors as not important but it suggests that more attention and practice should be given to these four basic factors. In reality, it is more difficult for SMEs to control customer management factor compared to large companies. Therefore, the authors suggest that SMEs should focus on internal CSFs factors compared to external CSFs such as supplier and customer management (Finch, 1986; Lee, 2004) . It is believed that the SMEs lack the power to influence large companies whether it is a supplier or customer.

Therefore, the authors suggest that SMEs should focus on internal CSFs factors compared to external CSFs such as supplier and customer management.


In this paper, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based approach for power and temperature management of multistream HEVC encoding on multicore servers, where multiple video streams need to be processed concurrently. The initial idea of this paper was presented in our previous work [7] . We build upon the observations that different encoding configurations and frame properties result in different combinations of power, temperature, video quality, compression, and encoding time. Consequently, our proposed ML-based approach, using Q-learning (QL) algorithm, learns and applies the best encoding configuration and per-core frequency for each of the videos being encoded on a multicore server. Our proposed methodology situates on top of any algorithmic optimization and is able to improve the target objectives beyond the given baseline application. In addition, we present a resolution-aware video assignment strategy for multicore servers, in order to reduce the thermal hot spots without encoding time degradation.

The initial idea of this paper was presented in our previous work.


On the other hand a teacher who is not proficient in subject matter could not give confidence to the students and establish an authority in the classroom that is based on respect. Since self-efficacy is the self-perception of an individual, it is expected from proficient teachers that they have positive mathematics self-efficacy and attitude toward mathematics (Umay, 2001) . Therefore, it is beneficial to carry out research that determines teaching strategies that positively affect prospective teachers' mathematics self-efficacy and attitude toward mathematics. Generally speaking, it is expected that prospective teachers who have high mathematics self-efficacy will become persistent teachers who could solve encountered problems. Therefore it should be interesting to see whether problem posing oriented mathematics teaching has positive effects on prospective teachers' attitudes toward mathematics and increase their mathematics self-efficacy.

Since self-efficacy is the self-perception of an individual, it is expected from proficient teachers that they have positive mathematics self-efficacy and attitude toward mathematics.


Although problem posing oriented mathematics teaching is regarded as a reasonable teaching strategy, there is little known about the effect of this teaching strategy on cognitive and affective processes of prospective teachers. Moreover, the possible difficulties those students might encounter are not well documented. In educational research since the focus is on problem solving, problem posing become a neglected area (Dillon, 1988) . Although it is likely that students may like problem posing oriented teaching and this strategy may positively affect their achievement and attitudes, there is hardly any study that examine the use of problem posing in the classroom (Silver, 1994) .

In educational research since the focus is on problem solving, problem posing become a neglected area.

Although it is likely that students may like problem posing oriented teaching and this strategy may positively affect their achievement and attitudes, there is hardly any study that examine the use of problem posing in the classroom.


We have provided a description of the design and methods used in a consecutive pair of community-based, placebo-controlled, randomized trials of influenza vaccine in pregnant women on respiratory outcomes in the mothers and their infants and in the outcomes of pregnancy conducted in rural Nepal. Interest is growing in using maternal immunization as a strategy to protect both women and their newborns from important infectious disorders, especially early prior to the normal time at which immunizations are scheduled in infancy. The most recognized model for this approach is immunization of pregnant women with tetanus toxoid for prevention of neonatal tetanus. This has proven to be highly effective and is a routine practice in almost every country [16] . As we anticipate the approvals of new vaccines, especially those against serious respiratory illness in young infants such as respiratory syncytial virus, the option of immunizing the mother to transfer protection to her infant in that vulnerable period of early infancy is becoming more attractive.

This has proven to be highly effective and is a routine practice in almost every country.


Maternal immunization to protect both mothers and their young infants is currently recommended to prevent neonatal tetanus (in limited resource regions) and influenza (in the US, UK, and Canada) [15] . While maternal immunization is a safe and effective strategy with potential to advance both Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 (child and maternal mortality, respectively), this approach remains underutilized in limited resource regions to prevent illness in mothers and infants [16] . Because the delivery system of antenatal immunization is in place for tetanus toxoid in many low-resource regions, the maternal immunization strategy is programmatically feasible and sustainable for other vaccines [17] .

Maternal immunization to protect both mothers and their young infants is currently recommended to prevent neonatal tetanus (in limited resource regions) and influenza (in the US, UK, and Canada).

While maternal immunization is a safe and effective strategy with potential to advance both Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 (child and maternal mortality, respectively), this approach remains underutilized in limited resource regions to prevent illness in mothers and infants.

Because the delivery system of antenatal immunization is in place for tetanus toxoid in many low-resource regions, the maternal immunization strategy is programmatically feasible and sustainable for other vaccines.


The Wigner equation can been solved by using the Signed particle Monte Carlo method, where new pair of particles characterized by a sign are created randomly and added to the system. This creation mechanism has been recently understood in terms of the Markov jump process, producing a class of new stochastic algorithms [16] . One of these algorithms is applied to the gaussian potential barrier benchmark. The results are compared with those obtained by a deterministic splitting scheme for the Schrödinger equation, showing an excellent agreement.

This creation mechanism has been recently understood in terms of the Markov jump process, producing a class of new stochastic algorithms.


Sediment was manually spread approximately 1 cm thick across each entire 3)3 m sub-plot one week after planting of test species. The sediment was obtained from excavations in an alluvial hardwood forest in southeastern Louisiana. It was analyzed by Louisiana State University's AgCenter Soil and Plant Test Laboratory for total soluble salts (242 ppm), calcium (874 ppm), magnesium (110 ppm), phosphorus (41.5 ppm), potassium (58.3 ppm), sodium (57.3 ppm), pH (4.84), and organic matter (2.3%) (McFalls 2004) .

It was analyzed by Louisiana State University's AgCenter Soil and Plant Test Laboratory for total soluble salts (242 ppm), calcium (874 ppm), magnesium (110 ppm), phosphorus (41.5 ppm), potassium (58.3 ppm), sodium (57.3 ppm), pH (4.84), and organic matter (2.3%).


In Taiwan, as in countries around the world, cigarettes and alcohol pose many health threats. For instance, habitual smoking and excessive drinking can cause cardiovascular disease, digestive tract disease, hypertension and diabetes; they also increase the incidence of, and mortality from, many types of cancer [1] [2] [3] . Furthermore, studies have shown that alcohol abuse commonly leads to driving while intoxicated as well as to violent behavior [4, 5] .

For instance, habitual smoking and excessive drinking can cause cardiovascular disease, digestive tract disease, hypertension and diabetes; they also increase the incidence of, and mortality from, many types of cancer.

Furthermore, studies have shown that alcohol abuse commonly leads to driving while intoxicated as well as to violent behavior.


As regards stress-strain deformation behaviour, rather high deformation stress occurs at the inlet of the jet to the Carrara marble material. Therefore, the separating cut is relatively smooth at the top edge of the target material. But, the deformation stress-strain, i.e., tool cuttability, which is significantly influenced by the TR decreases with any increase in the DoC [26] . For all machined surface of Carrara marble, two regions were dependent on the kinetic energy level of the jet, namely the smooth zone, and the striation zone. The smooth zone represents the smooth cutting zone, whereas, the striation zone represents the initial damage zone and rough cutting zone.

But, the deformation stress-strain, i.e., tool cuttability, which is significantly influenced by the TR decreases with any increase in the DoC.


Subsequently, significant reductions in GHG emissions can be achieved through CO 2 capture and sequestration (CCS) from existing fossil-fuelled power stations. The strong motivation to continue development and deployment of clean energy and CO 2 capture has resulted in a number of CCS demonstrations worldwide [5] . The International Energy Agency (IEA) has indicated that CCS will play a vital role in reducing CO 2 emissions to half of 2005 levels by 2050 [5] .

The strong motivation to continue development and deployment of clean energy and CO 2 capture has resulted in a number of CCS demonstrations worldwide.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has indicated that CCS will play a vital role in reducing CO 2 emissions to half of 2005 levels by 2050.


Under the Bates model, a two-dimensional parabolic partial integro-differential equation (PIDE) can be derived for the values of European-style options with the spatial variables representing the underlying asset price and its instantaneous variance [9] . The differential operator is of the convection-diffusion type. The integral operator, which stems from the jumps, couples all option values in the asset price direction. This paper deals with the numerical solution of the Bates PIDE. We follow the method of lines approach, where the PIDE is first discretized in the spatial variables and the resulting semidiscrete system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is solved by applying a suitable implicit time discretization scheme. Due to the nonlocal nature of the integral operator, semidiscretization leads to a large, dense system matrix. For an implicit time discretization scheme one thus faces two challenges: the efficient treatment of the two-dimensional convection-diffusion part and the efficient treatment of the dense integral part. In this paper we focus on operator splitting methods, which handle these two parts separately in an effective manner. The following reviews methods proposed in the literature.

Under the Bates model, a two-dimensional parabolic partial integro-differential equation (PIDE) can be derived for the values of European-style options with the spatial variables representing the underlying asset price and its instantaneous variance.


Studies on the total or partial replacement of fish meal by alternative protein sources in diets of teleosts are numerous (Tacon, 1994) . Despite the existence of some variability between and within fish species in the utilisation of plant products, most studies confirm that for successful replacement of fish meal by plant protein-rich ingredients, special attention should be paid to the use of appropriate technological processes for the deactivation/removal of endogenous anti-nutritional factors (ANF) and for increasing nutrient availability, as well as to the dietary arnino acidlmineral supplementation to overcome possible nutritional imbalances (Kaushik, 1990; Rumsey et al., 1993; Tacon, 1994) . Besides, several studies have reported that high levels of substitution of fish meal with plant protein sources lead to reduced growth, due mainly to a lower voluntary feed intake (VFI) , that may be related to feed palatability (Reigh and Ellis, 1992; Davis et al., 1995; Gomes et al., 1995) . Therefore, the beneficial effects of incorporation of an attractant amino acid mixture (AA Mix) by substitution of an equivalent amount of basal dietary mixture on feed intake, growth performance and protein utilisation were studied in a marine teleost, the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), fed with plant-protein rich diets.

Studies on the total or partial replacement of fish meal by alternative protein sources in diets of teleosts are numerous.

Despite the existence of some variability between and within fish species in the utilisation of plant products, most studies confirm that for successful replacement of fish meal by plant protein-rich ingredients, special attention should be paid to the use of appropriate technological processes for the deactivation/removal of endogenous anti-nutritional factors (ANF) and for increasing nutrient availability, as well as to the dietary arnino acidlmineral supplementation to overcome possible nutritional imbalances.

Besides, several studies have reported that high levels of substitution of fish meal with plant protein sources lead to reduced growth, due mainly to a lower voluntary feed intake (VFI) , that may be related to feed palatability.


Alzheimer's Disease, (AD) is the most common form of dementia with no cure at the moment. It worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. The concept of senile dementia has evolved from a rather vague notion that mental decline occurred inevitably in old age, to become defined today by a distinct set of clinical and pathological features with the potential for treatment and preven-Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications tion within grasp [1] . Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age although the less-prevalent early-onset AD can occur much earlier.

The concept of senile dementia has evolved from a rather vague notion that mental decline occurred inevitably in old age, to become defined today by a distinct set of clinical and pathological features with the potential for treatment and preven-Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications tion within grasp.


The experimental set-up consists of a transmission type S-band rectangular cavity resonator, Rohde & Schwarz ZVL network analyser. The cavity resonator is a transmission line with one or both ends closed. The numbers of resonant frequencies are determined by the length of the resonator. The resonator in this set-up is excited in the TE 10ρ mode. The sample holder which is made of glass in the form of a capillary tube flared to a disk shaped bulb at the bottom is placed into the cavity through the non-radiating cavity slot, at broader side of the cavity which can facilitate the easy movement of the holder. The resonant frequency f o and the corresponding quality factor Q o of the cavity at each resonant peak with the empty sample holder placed at the maximum electric field are noted. The same holder filled with known amount of sample under study is again introduced into the cavity resonator through the non-radiating slot. The resonant frequencies of the sample loaded cavity is selected and the position of the sample is adjusted for maximum perturbation (i.e. maximum shift of resonant frequency with minimum amplitude for the peak). The new resonant frequency f s and the quality factor Q s are noted. The same procedure is repeated for other resonant frequencies. The measurement are made from 2 GHz to 4 GHz of S-band in microwave region [14] .

The measurement are made from 2 GHz to 4 GHz of S-band in microwave region.


All definitions and notations needed here can be found in Ortega and Ratiu [4] . The statements used in this note without proof are also taken from this book. We will specify at the beginning of each section which section of this book is used.

All definitions and notations needed here can be found in Ortega and Ratiu.


This regularity, both in times for the beginning and end of activities and, mainly, in the flight acrophases of Meliponini species studied in Pedra Branca, may be related to the presin Pedra Branca, may be related to the pres-, may be related to the presence of a daily activity rhythm for the range of analysed activities, which occur at intervals of approximately 24 hours, at different times of the year. This daily activity rhythm may have an endogenous origin and may be a manifestation of the biological clock (Dunlap et al., 2004) . The endogenous character of Meliponini species' activity rhythm has been identified by maintaining colonies in constant laboratory conditions (Bellusci & Marques, 2001; Almeida, 2004) .

This daily activity rhythm may have an endogenous origin and may be a manifestation of the biological clock.

The endogenous character of Meliponini species' activity rhythm has been identified by maintaining colonies in constant laboratory conditions.


The best and the most resistant material that withstands the conditions in the oral cavity environment is, surely, the natural tooth with its own naturally engineered tissues [1] . However, there are possible tooth-diseases or traumas that can harm the dental tissues, and leave the cavities and defects which need the reconstruction with oral biomaterials. Oral biomaterials need to be biocompatible materials, with optimal physical, mechanical, chemical and aesthetic properties [2] . Among them, very important properties of dental materials are their polish ability and polish retention, and the surface quality which do not cause undesirable biological interactions and the adhesion of the bacterial plaque on the reconstructive material [3, 4] . Biofilm is the main cause of caries lesions and gingival and periodontal diseases, and its retention can be reduced by decreasing the surface roughness of the restorative biomaterial [5] . There were some experimental findings that dental material's surface roughness lower than 0,2 μm, significantly reduced the possibility of bacterial adhesion [6] . Smooth surface enables clinical durability, good aesthetic appearance, better optical compatibility with natural enamel tissue and surface gloss, as well as, preventing the discoloration and staining of the restoration [7, 8] . There are many dental processing methods for obtaining good surface quality [9] . Dental usual final processing of restoratives includes contouring, finishing and polishing procedures in order to obtain the adequate anatomical morphology of the restoration and the satisfying surface quality [10] . Some dental polishing procedures recommend the so called "high gloss polishing" or "paste-polishing" with application of polishing aluminium-dioxide or diamond pastes for the intraoral use at the end of the restorative treatment [11, 12, 13] . For every dental clinical work, it is important for the operator to be familiar with procedures and to understand the mechanisms which certain material processing method produces [2] . This study was conducted on dental composite materials, which are the most commonly used materials in dental clinical practice [14] . The contemporary nanohybrid composites were chosen, because these new nanoparticles-containing materials are expected to provide better overall composites features, including the quality of polished surface [15, 16] . Every effort in the synthesis of new materials with improved properties includes the evaluation and selection of the best processing conditions in order to utilize these materials improvements.

The best and the most resistant material that withstands the conditions in the oral cavity environment is, surely, the natural tooth with its own naturally engineered tissues.

Oral biomaterials need to be biocompatible materials, with optimal physical, mechanical, chemical and aesthetic properties.

Among them, very important properties of dental materials are their polish ability and polish retention, and the surface quality which do not cause undesirable biological interactions and the adhesion of the bacterial plaque on the reconstructive material.

Biofilm is the main cause of caries lesions and gingival and periodontal diseases, and its retention can be reduced by decreasing the surface roughness of the restorative biomaterial.

There were some experimental findings that dental material's surface roughness lower than 0,2 μm, significantly reduced the possibility of bacterial adhesion.

Smooth surface enables clinical durability, good aesthetic appearance, better optical compatibility with natural enamel tissue and surface gloss, as well as, preventing the discoloration and staining of the restoration.

There are many dental processing methods for obtaining good surface quality.

Dental usual final processing of restoratives includes contouring, finishing and polishing procedures in order to obtain the adequate anatomical morphology of the restoration and the satisfying surface quality.

Some dental polishing procedures recommend the so called "high gloss polishing" or "paste-polishing" with application of polishing aluminium-dioxide or diamond pastes for the intraoral use at the end of the restorative treatment.

For every dental clinical work, it is important for the operator to be familiar with procedures and to understand the mechanisms which certain material processing method produces.

This study was conducted on dental composite materials, which are the most commonly used materials in dental clinical practice.

The contemporary nanohybrid composites were chosen, because these new nanoparticles-containing materials are expected to provide better overall composites features, including the quality of polished surface.


Descriptions of trinity members' personalities. Next, we investigated whether there were differences in how people described the personalities of Trinity members. All descriptions were skewed, with people tending toward either extreme or neutral scoring of the Trinity members' personalities. Descriptions of God the Father and Jesus were very similar, with the same mode answers for all five factors (strongly agree for Agreeableness and 3 The BFI-10 retains significant levels of validity and reliability compared with the BFI-44, and is recommended for research settings with time constraints (Rammstedt & John, 2007) . Given the need to administer the measure for each member of the Trinity, and the fact that we were comparing across Trinity members rather than creating personality profiles, the BFI-10 was used in place of longer measures. This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.

Descriptions of God the Father and Jesus were very similar, with the same mode answers for all five factors (strongly agree for Agreeableness and 3 The BFI-10 retains significant levels of validity and reliability compared with the BFI-44, and is recommended for research settings with time constraints.


Reaction times were analyzed by word-type and schematicity. Positive schematicity refers to responses that are schematic (i.e., answering "yes" to positive adjectives and "no" to negative adjectives, given that people tended to describe all targets in positive terms), whereas negative schematicity refers to responses that are not schematic (i.e., answering "no" to positive adjectives and "yes" to negative adjectives). Past research has found that Christians tend to be slower in responding to negatively schematic words than positively schematic words for both the self and God (Gibson, 2006) .

Past research has found that Christians tend to be slower in responding to negatively schematic words than positively schematic words for both the self and God.


A heterogeneous ultra-dense network consisting of dense sub-6 GHz and mmWave small cells is a key driver to fulfill critical requirements in terms of reliability and latency, and support enormous connectivity triggered by the massive Internet of Things (IoT) and cellular vehicle-to-ev-erything (C-V2X), as also highlighted by the industry [4] . Existing contributions have widely investigated the spectral and energy efficiency of heterogeneous ultra-dense networks [5, 6] . This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of physical layer security, caching, and wireless energy harvesting in such networks, and deliver insightful guidelines for creating new efficient solutions for security, content delivery, and energy. Figure 1 illustrates a heterogeneous ultra-dense network architecture that has the capabilities of these new technologies, where physical layer security can overcome malicious eavesdropping, caching can offload the core network traffic, and wireless energy harvesting can prolong the lifetime of a UE's battery.

A heterogeneous ultra-dense network consisting of dense sub-6 GHz and mmWave small cells is a key driver to fulfill critical requirements in terms of reliability and latency, and support enormous connectivity triggered by the massive Internet of Things (IoT) and cellular vehicle-to-ev-erything (C-V2X), as also highlighted by the industry.

Existing contributions have widely investigated the spectral and energy efficiency of heterogeneous ultra-dense networks.


Interchromosomal effects on chiasma frequency have been explained by assuming a lengthening of meiotic prophase in heterozygotes, so leading to an increase in the time available for crossing over (Lucchesi and Suzuki, 1968) . In S. scalaris, the increase in chiasma frequency of the bivalents in multiple containing cells is associated with the presence of a S5 univalent, because it was observed only in cells with CIII + I configurations. We suggest, therefore, that in this case the mechanism of interchromosomal chiasma effects may be explained on the following hypothesis. Genotypic control regulates the number of chiasmata in the cells of each individual, grouping them around a mean value. The mechanism which regulates chiasma formation also implies a dependence of the number of crossing overs on the time available for their formation, as Lucchesi and Suzuki (bc Cit.,) claim. The regulatory system is constrained by the necessity to form a minimum of one chiasma in each of the bivalents in a cell to insure their correct segregation at anaphase I. If as a result of pairing failure of the C-blocks in the multiple chiasma formation fails in the S8 material, then the regulatory mechanism might extend the time available for crossing over in an attempt to ensure one chiasma in the S. During this extension an opportunity exists for the remaining bivalents to form additional chiasmata. If, on the other hand, there is full pairing of the C-blocks, as shown in figs. 8 and 9, then chiasmata are soon formed in the four arms of the pairing cross giving rise to multiples of four. Under these circumstances the regulatory signal for the termination of crossing over would occur sooner so leading to a lower number of crossover points in the six remaining bivalents.

Interchromosomal effects on chiasma frequency have been explained by assuming a lengthening of meiotic prophase in heterozygotes, so leading to an increase in the time available for crossing over.


Over the past several years there have been increasing interests in cognitive radio. In addition, wireless MAC protocol has a principal part in spectrum reuse and efficiency management. Therefore, various cognitive MAC protocols have been proposed for more flexible and efficient use of spectrum resources [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] .

Therefore, various cognitive MAC protocols have been proposed for more flexible and efficient use of spectrum resources.


In the upper oceanic layers mixing occurs predominantly due to the turbulence generated by breaking surface waves, mean velocity shear, and surface cooling. Prior laboratory experiments studied these effects separately. In particular, the effects of breaking surface waves have been simulated by an oscillating grid (Kitaigorodski 19791 , as it is known to have turbulence generating characteristics similar to breaking waves (Wang & Wu 1985) . Mixing in the presence of velocity shear can be simulated by driving the mixed layer over the non-turbulent layer using rigid rotating screens, by wind action, or by using specially designed pumps that create a differential mean velocity between two fluid layers. On the other hand, mixing due to surface cooling has been simulated by imposing an external buoyancy flux.

In particular, the effects of breaking surface waves have been simulated by an oscillating grid (Kitaigorodski 19791 , as it is known to have turbulence generating characteristics similar to breaking waves.


There are a number of other potential advantages of developing a simplified model (Brooks and Tobias, 1999) . The main advantage of a simpler model is often that it is easier to understand and consequently it is easier to interpret the results from the model. One aim of simulation modelling should always be to obtain a better understanding of the system being studied. Examination of the inner workings of the model can often be used to explain the model's results, such as the reasons for unusual or unexpected behaviour, rather than just treating the model as a predictive black box. This is particularly the case when, as with Sirius, the model is mechanistic, constructed by combining representations of the important processes thought to be taking place in the system. The process of simplifying an existing model can also give valuable insights into the system. Additional expected advantages of a simpler model include it being quicker to build, test and run. Consequently, common modelling advice is to use the simplest model that meets the modelling objectives (Brooks and Tobias, 1996) . The main danger with using a simple model is that important aspects of the system may be omitted, so that the model is unrealistic. However, simplification of an existing model can give confidence in the simplified model by cross-validation against the original more complex model.

There are a number of other potential advantages of developing a simplified model.

Consequently, common modelling advice is to use the simplest model that meets the modelling objectives.


In any modelling project, it is important to match the data requirements of the model with the available data and to tailor the process complexity to the project objectives (Brooks and Tobias, 1996) . For example, excessive detail can lead to a model being inaccurate due to a mismatch of the model and available data. In many regional impact assessments detailed output from the crop models is not required. Instead, information about potential and water-limited yield is usually sufficient. The application of crop simulation models, such as Sirius, requires information on daily weather, soils, and management over a whole region at reasonably high spatial resolution. Such information is often unavailable. A possible solution would be a simplified metamodel with reduced input requirements, but which is able to reproduce the major responses of the original crop model.

In any modelling project, it is important to match the data requirements of the model with the available data and to tailor the process complexity to the project objectives.

Such information is often unavailable.


The best measurement of working memory performance involves a combination of different tests to produce a score with high reliability and validity (Kane et al., 2005) . As a result, three types of instruments in the form of cognitive computerized tasks on mobile devices were used to measure the working memory performance during pre-and post-test to allow assessments to be performed in the variety of environments (Satler et al., 2015) . Digit Span Memory Test and Spatial Memory Test are two common tests that were used in cognitive and neuroscience studies.

The best measurement of working memory performance involves a combination of different tests to produce a score with high reliability and validity.

As a result, three types of instruments in the form of cognitive computerized tasks on mobile devices were used to measure the working memory performance during pre-and post-test to allow assessments to be performed in the variety of environments.


In this study, both tests had been freely accessed from the website www.memorylosstest.com. Digit Span Memory Test is similar to the Wechsler Intelligence Test Score for Children (WISC-R) (Wechsler, 1974) . The difference between the two tests is the auditory stimulus used for WISC-R while the visual stimulus is used for Digit Span Memory Test which 5 random numbers will appear sequentially in the tablet screen before they disappear. The participants have to touch the numbers on the screen so that the same digits reappeared with the right sequence.

Digit Span Memory Test is similar to the Wechsler Intelligence Test Score for Children (WISC-R).


The significant relationship between sensory integration development and executive functions of the brain draws researchers' attention when the developmental impairment of the brain function was proven to be able to be treated in the previous study with improving relations between neuron cells. The process that is known as neuroplasticity happens when the needs of the metabolic neuron could be increased with the increment of the intensity of the brain stimulus (Leisman & Melillo, 2015) . Therefore, this study was carried out to measure the appropriate and effective method that can be implemented by the teacher in the classroom to enhance the brain stimulation of students with learning disability.

The process that is known as neuroplasticity happens when the needs of the metabolic neuron could be increased with the increment of the intensity of the brain stimulus.


We seek also to situate our research within a broader literature on 'institutional corruption', a term used to describe a serious form of corruption which undermines the greater purpose of an institution (Lessig, 2013) . Within the pharmaceutical sector, the practice of giving gifts and hospitality to physicians is widespread, as is the provision of funding to medical researchers. GSK is by no means the only company to have found itself facing bribery cases as a result of such practices. Bribery enforcement actions also relate to failures to implement central anti-bribery programs. This is indicative of the existence of weaknesses in governance that hinder the transfer of company values into operational practice. We focus on the pharmaceutical sector because it acutely demonstrates the tensions in which we are interested: while its broader purpose of promoting healthcare is uncontested and it is relatively advanced in its elaboration of anti-bribery and compliance programs, the questions that we pose are very far from being resolved.

We seek also to situate our research within a broader literature on 'institutional corruption', a term used to describe a serious form of corruption which undermines the greater purpose of an institution.


Because of the nature of their products, regulators usually prevent pharmaceutical companies -to varying degrees -from reaching out directly to their potential customers. Rather, pharmaceutical companies gain access to markets through a variety of intermediaries, including regulators (e.g., agencies that monitor drug safety) and healthcare providers (e.g., hospitals or physicians who prescribe drugs to patients). Because physicians often represent an important nexus between the company and the purchasers and/or end-users of medical products (i.e. in terms of both state healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients), pharmaceutical companies have developed a range of marketing strategies that seek to influence physicians to support their products. At one end of the spectrum, relatively small payments are made to multiple physicians to influence them to prescribe a company's products. At the other end, larger payments are made to a much smaller number of physicians and medical researchers to act as 'key opinion leaders', influencing other physicians in their field, and potentially to advising regulatory agencies on the safety and efficacy of certain drugs (Sismondo, 2013) .

At the other end, larger payments are made to a much smaller number of physicians and medical researchers to act as 'key opinion leaders', influencing other physicians in their field, and potentially to advising regulatory agencies on the safety and efficacy of certain drugs.


Henderson and Van den Steen cite the case of consumer goods giant Unilever, which "has committed to obtaining 100 percent of its agricultural inputs from sustainable sources by 2020, while Henry Schein, a distributor of medical and dental products, claims that one of its most important goals is the 'expansion of care to at-risk groups'. Both firms appear to believe that purpose is critical to their success, even though it seems to imply significant costs without obvious commensurate gains". Henderson and Van den Steen thus note that the broader purpose of a company can conflict with other aims such as profit maximisation, although other scholars might situate purpose within the literature on corporate social responsibility, some of which suggests that 'doing good' is equivalent to 'doing well' (Hollensbe et al., 2014) .

Henderson and Van den Steen thus note that the broader purpose of a company can conflict with other aims such as profit maximisation, although other scholars might situate purpose within the literature on corporate social responsibility, some of which suggests that 'doing good' is equivalent to 'doing well'.


This operator was considered first by Torchinsky and Wang [7] . They showed that if Ω ∈ Lip α (S n−1 ), then µ Ω;b,1 is bounded on L p (R n ) for all 1 < p < ∞. In this paper, we will give some size condition on Ω implying the L p (R n ) boundedness of µ Ω;b,k for fixed 1 < p < ∞. Our main results can be stated as follows.

This operator was considered first by Torchinsky and Wang.


A more recent study examined 27 National Football League player head impacts that were re-created in the laboratory, using Hybrid III dummies [6] . The re-creations were based on the film from multiple cameras. The results were compared with medical records on the players. This study suggests that the serious neck injury criterion for young healthy adults should be above 7000 N. This work also allows for the correlation between neck load and head impact velocity. A 7000 N neck load in a Hybrid III corresponds to a head impact velocity of approximately 3.1 m/s (7 mph).

A more recent study examined 27 National Football League player head impacts that were re-created in the laboratory, using Hybrid III dummies.


The focus of this article is to discuss some recent efforts towards developing such a NSI/reduced order modelling approach of broad applicability [1] [2] [3] [4] . Given the many challenges that this task entails, new concepts and methodologies need to be developed and then harmoniously synthesized to form a powerful and versatile approach that successfully addresses as many as possible of the aforementioned objectives. In the following sections, the basic elements of the approach and provide some examples of application are discussed.

The focus of this article is to discuss some recent efforts towards developing such a NSI/reduced order modelling approach of broad applicability.


When assessing the videos using the HON or JAMA criteria, videos published by surgeons scored significantly higher than those containing patient testimonies, but no other factors were found to be significantly associated with a higher score. Previous studies have found that medical information published on the internet by physicians is of a higher quality than that published by non-physicians [17] . However, there is evidence that the average viewer has difficulty engaging or understanding videos produced by medical professionals [18] .

Previous studies have found that medical information published on the internet by physicians is of a higher quality than that published by non-physicians.

However, there is evidence that the average viewer has difficulty engaging or understanding videos produced by medical professionals.


In particular, mercury is one of the most hazardous air pollutants due to its neurological toxicity, volatility, persistence, and bioaccumulation, all of which pose a great threat to both human health and organism security [15] [16] [17] [18] . Among human activities, coal combustion makes the greatest contribution as an anthropogenic source of mercury emission. Coal-fired flue gas can contain three forms of mercury: elemental mercury (Hg 0 ), oxidized mercury (Hg 2+ ) and particle-bound-mercury (Hg P ) [19, 20] . During coal combustion, elemental mercury is released and partly oxidized to Hg 2+ in the flue gas. The adsorption of Hg 0 and Hg 2+ on solid surfaces leads to the formation of the particle-bound mercury. Particle-bound mercury (Hg P ) can be easily removed by dust collection processes. Furthermore, oxidized mercury is soluble in water and easily adsorbed on solid surfaces, which aids its removal [21] . However, Hg 0 is neither soluble in water nor easily adsorbed. It has a lifetime of 1-2 years in the atmosphere and can be transported over long distances to cause widespread mercury pollution. Therefore, the removal of Hg 0 emitted from flue gas is an important part of minimizing mercury emissions [22] . Many technologies have been implemented to control Hg 0 emissions, such as catalytic or photochemistry oxidation, sorbent injection and air pollution control devices (APCDs). Adsorption using porous carbon (PC), particularly PC impregnated with sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), or iodine (I), has excellent potential for Hg 0 removal from flue gases. In this paper, we review the processing methods and the various materials used for the removal of elemental mercury.

In particular, mercury is one of the most hazardous air pollutants due to its neurological toxicity, volatility, persistence, and bioaccumulation, all of which pose a great threat to both human health and organism security.

Coal-fired flue gas can contain three forms of mercury: elemental mercury (Hg 0 ), oxidized mercury (Hg 2+ ) and particle-bound-mercury (Hg P ).

Furthermore, oxidized mercury is soluble in water and easily adsorbed on solid surfaces, which aids its removal.

Therefore, the removal of Hg 0 emitted from flue gas is an important part of minimizing mercury emissions.


All over the world, coal is a major energy resource which is mainly burnt to produce electricity. It is not known to be a clean fuel. Various types of pollutants, such as SO x , NO x and mercury, are released into the atmosphere when coal is burned. Mercury emissions have attracted an increasing amount of concern due to the high toxicity, volatility, bioaccumulation in the environment and the neurological effects of mercury. According to the Global Mercury Assessment Report, coal-fired power plants are the primary source of anthropogenic emissions of mercury into the atmosphere [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] .

It is not known to be a clean fuel.

According to the Global Mercury Assessment Report, coal-fired power plants are the primary source of anthropogenic emissions of mercury into the atmosphere.


There are several wireless technologies that our current mobile devices offer such as IrDA, Bluetooth, WiFi or NFC, among others. Bluetooth is the technology which presents the simplest mechanism for device discovering and their configuration. This technology also allows the implementing of ad-hoc networks and presents low power consumption. The prices of bluetooth devices are low. Its data transfer rate is enough for data exchange between smartphones and tablets since the expected traffic is small [7] .

Its data transfer rate is enough for data exchange between smartphones and tablets since the expected traffic is small.


In addition to advancing our academic understanding of consumer behavior in this area, our results also have considerable policy relevance. The U.S. Social Security system is on a fiscally unsustainable path that will require increasing revenue or curtailing benefit growth in the not-too-distant future (Cogan and Mitchell 2003) . As policymakers evaluate alternative approaches to reform, it is important to understand how individuals actually value the system's mandatory old-age annuity payments, and how this perceived value is affected by the nature and the framing of the trade-off presented. Nevertheless, we offer no road map as to whether which people might be willing to pay to maintain the current system, nor can we pinpoint people's willingness to give up some portion of their annuity benefits in exchange for a lump sum.

The U.S. Social Security system is on a fiscally unsustainable path that will require increasing revenue or curtailing benefit growth in the not-too-distant future.


In Tunisia, native rose bushes used to grow in the ravines, in brush fi elds and hedges and in the forest from the North to the Tunisian Dorsal (Jebel Chaâmbi) (POTTIER-ALAPETITE 1979) . But in the last ten years, climate changes and the programs of rural development and the expansion of the cities have threatened the biodiversity in Tunisia and caused the risk of the extinction of some species particularly Rosa accessions from northern and central humid zones. Those populations were subjected to genetic erosion and the information about the species is limited. In this way it is urgent to prospect the Tunisian rose populations, to identify and essentially to conserve them for subsequently valorisation.

In Tunisia, native rose bushes used to grow in the ravines, in brush fi elds and hedges and in the forest from the North to the Tunisian Dorsal (Jebel Chaâmbi).


Two Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are now commercially available for the diagnosis of LTBI (QuantiFERON-TB Gold in Tube test [QFT] and T-SPOT.TB [TSPOT]) [13, 14] . IGRAs provide increased specificity over TST, because the antigens used in the test do not cross react with BCG or other NTM. However, there is limited data on whether these tests provide any benefit over TST in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV, particularly in high prevalence countries [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] .

Two Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are now commercially available for the diagnosis of LTBI (QuantiFERON-TB Gold in Tube test [QFT] and T-SPOT.TB [TSPOT]).

However, there is limited data on whether these tests provide any benefit over TST in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV, particularly in high prevalence countries.


Past study has focused almost exclusively on repeated behavior or interaction with a single item. In many settings, this is natural: the user will listen to a single song next, and the task is to predict this song [6] . However, in other common settings, the user will interact with several items simultaneously. For instance, online shopping carts may contain more than one item, emails may be sent to more than one person, people often meet in groups rather than pairs, and academic papers are typically produced through multi-way collaboration. All of these examples have strong repeat interaction effects, with subsets recurring either exactly or approximately. As an immediate example, the exact authors of this paper have written three earlier papers together, while a subset of two of the authors have written 68 earlier papers together.

In many settings, this is natural: the user will listen to a single song next, and the task is to predict this song.


In the pediatric population this is most commonly to address pelvic obliquity in the neuromuscular population, while in adults a common indication is to achieve rigid distal anchors for correcting sagittal imbalance in the setting of osteoporotic bone and to enhance the chances of arthrodesis across the lumbosacral junction [9] [10] [11] [12] . Each situation offers varying complexity with regard to the insertion of implants, for example in pediatric patients in which there may be variations in the relationship between the iliac wings and the sacrum. We have also observed that the isthmus may be quite narrow in some pediatric patients, and the navigation allows us to identify this and choose the optimal sized screw, which is important given the literature suggestion screw diameter < 8 mm are at an increased risk of implant complications [13] .

In the pediatric population this is most commonly to address pelvic obliquity in the neuromuscular population, while in adults a common indication is to achieve rigid distal anchors for correcting sagittal imbalance in the setting of osteoporotic bone and to enhance the chances of arthrodesis across the lumbosacral junction.

We have also observed that the isthmus may be quite narrow in some pediatric patients, and the navigation allows us to identify this and choose the optimal sized screw, which is important given the literature suggestion screw diameter < 8 mm are at an increased risk of implant complications.


Distributed groupware systems allow two or more users (sites) to simultaneously manipulate objects (i.e. text, image, graphic, etc.) without the need for physical proximity and enable them to synchronously observe each other's changes. In order to achieve an unconstrained group work, the shared objects are replicated at the local memory of each participating user. Every operation is executed locally first and then broadcasted for execution at other sites. So, the operations are applied in different orders at different replicas (or copies) of the object. This potentially leads to divergent (or different) replicas-an undesirable situation for replication-based distributed groupware systems [22] .

This potentially leads to divergent (or different) replicas-an undesirable situation for replication-based distributed groupware systems.


This project demonstrates that the integration of self-reflective activity alongside skills development is particularly important to support the development of IL as a habit of learning. Previous work with university students has shown that information literacy is a highly individual and situated practice (Rossi and Hinton 2002; Johnston and Webber 2003; Smith and Oliver 2005) . The preliminary evaluations carried out to date confirm this and suggest that assessment of IL should be focused both on supporting student reflection on processes and assessing the final outcomes. Integrating the teaching and assessment of IL also enables the use of reflective activities in assessment which support students in integrating good IL practice within their attitudes to finding and using information for learning.

Previous work with university students has shown that information literacy is a highly individual and situated practice.


Pursuing the origins of the quark mass hierarchy, the flavor mixings, and the three generations of the fermions is one of the important themes in particle physics. Lots of experiments have succeeded in measuring values of the quark masses and the elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix with good precision. A complex phase in the CKM matrix has been proposed to explain an origin of the CP violation [1] . The existence of the CP phase has been well established by B physics experiments. The standard model (SM) possesses these structures, though their origin is unknown and some tuning in the Yukawa couplings is required.

A complex phase in the CKM matrix has been proposed to explain an origin of the CP violation.


The aim of this study is the analysis of the dynamic moisture-induced bending of a wooden board. A theoretical model is introduced by coupling moisture transport to a linear elastic model for the moistureinduced bending. We analyze the bending in time after a sudden increase in relative humidity and couple it to internal moisture transport. We will first discuss the theory. Experimental verification is provided with boards with different thicknesses. The postulated step change in relative humidity is, however, not very realistic since changes of environmental conditions are continuous, generally manifested in daily or seasonally repeating cycles [29] . Nevertheless, the hygromorphic step response of the board can provide information on the frequency response characteristics. The behavior at very low frequencies, which is timeconsuming to determine experimentally, can thus be retrieved from a short experiment. The experimental study of moisture transport in wood during cycles is often limited to block waves; examples investigating sinusoidal fluctuations are scarce [16, 17, 30] . We will discuss the theory to derive the frequency response, and the experimental verification with sinusoidal relative humidity fluctuations.

We will first discuss the theory.

The postulated step change in relative humidity is, however, not very realistic since changes of environmental conditions are continuous, generally manifested in daily or seasonally repeating cycles.

The experimental study of moisture transport in wood during cycles is often limited to block waves; examples investigating sinusoidal fluctuations are scarce.


The transition towards sustainability will require a new approach to design and technology that is based on a participatory and holistic worldview informed by science, ethics and the transdisciplinary integration of multiple perspectives [14] . It is a biophysical and ecological fact that culture is never truly separate from nature. Quality of life and the spectrum of consciousness have a psychological, spiritual, inner dimension that cannot be described solely scientifically.

The transition towards sustainability will require a new approach to design and technology that is based on a participatory and holistic worldview informed by science, ethics and the transdisciplinary integration of multiple perspectives.


In relation to the variation in τ we also note that the lattice parameter of Au is ∼ 408 pm and the spacing between dense-packed layers is d 111 = 235 pm. In other words, in order to account for the effective stiffening of np-Au samples during adsorption of 1 atomic monolayer of OH by the hypothetical process of simply adding extra Au on the surface, one would need to add a layer with the thickness of more than a full lattice parameter or nearly two dense-packed layers of Au. These are huge effects, for instance in comparison to the actual change in excess volume during capacitive charging of Au in electrolyte, which is in the order of only 1 pm [50, 51] .

These are huge effects, for instance in comparison to the actual change in excess volume during capacitive charging of Au in electrolyte, which is in the order of only 1 pm.


Assuming linear elasticity, the relative change in stiffness of the ligament as the single constitutive structural element agrees with the relative change of the macroscopic stiffness. Therefore, the relative changes in Y eff by 7.8 and 1.6% in the two potential regions investigated correspond to numerically identical relative changes in I. With r ≈ 22 nm (half the ligament diameter), and using Eq. (6), we obtain for δτ the values 430 and 88 pm. This compares to estimates for the absolute value of τ in the order of 100 pm [36] . Eq. (5) then implies changes in C in our experiments by 60 N/m (electrosorption) and 12 N/m (capacitive charging). For comparison, the uniaxial in-plane excess surface stiffness of the embedded-atom-potential approximation of Au(111) is −8.0 N/m [8] . Hence, the observed changes in C of our study are similar or even much larger than reported estimates of the absolute values of the surface excess stiffness at clean surfaces. This underlines the significance of the surface adsorbate coverage or electric polarization for the surface excess elasticity.

This compares to estimates for the absolute value of τ in the order of 100 pm.

For comparison, the uniaxial in-plane excess surface stiffness of the embedded-atom-potential approximation of Au(111) is −8.0 N/m.


Fuel economy standards are only one type of policy instrument aimed at reducing emissions or increasing fuel economy. Alternative instruments exist such as fuel taxes or "feebate" systems which impose fees or provide rebates, depending upon the fuel efficiency of the vehicle (Anderson et al., 2011) . In the United States, the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards represent the existing policy instrument of choice, but they do not include fuel taxes or a "feebate" system. The CAFE standards are discussed in more detail in section 'CAFE standards'.

Alternative instruments exist such as fuel taxes or "feebate" systems which impose fees or provide rebates, depending upon the fuel efficiency of the vehicle.


Fuel economy standards, along with the information labels affixed to vehicles at automobile dealerships, have been shown to be an effective way to reduce the growth rate of energy consumption (Mahlia et al., 2013) . Information labels educate consumers about the fuel economy of a vehicle for purchase, along with the annual fuel cost, potential fuel savings, and provide smog, fuel economy, and greenhouse gas ratings. Fuel economy standards can be either mandatory or voluntary, although mandatory standards are more effective for desired rapid changes (Mahlia et al., 2013) .

Fuel economy standards, along with the information labels affixed to vehicles at automobile dealerships, have been shown to be an effective way to reduce the growth rate of energy consumption.

Fuel economy standards can be either mandatory or voluntary, although mandatory standards are more effective for desired rapid changes.


Magnetic flaring could also account for the observed variability in X-ray observations of accretion discs. This variability often appears in the form of 1/f fluctuations, a term used to refer to fluctuations having a power spectrum in frequency f , exhibiting power law behaviour. In the case of X-ray variability in stellar accretion discs, the power law index has values in the range −1 to −1.7 (Makishima 1988) .

In the case of X-ray variability in stellar accretion discs, the power law index has values in the range −1 to −1.7.


From Fig. 3a it is evident that crystals are formed in PCC as one of the hydration products during the freeze-thaw cycles (similar crystals are not observed before the freeze thaw cycles). Fig. 4a and c shows that in the presence of microcapsules, crystalls form in the gap between the microcapsules and the concrete matirx. Crystal formation is expected to reduce the compressive strength of PCC by expansion and an increase of solid volume [34, 35] .

Crystal formation is expected to reduce the compressive strength of PCC by expansion and an increase of solid volume.


In cold climates such as the Scandinavian countries, buildings are exposed to freezing weather during winter. This is one of the main causes of mortar and concrete degradation [9, 10] . Phase change materials (PCM) can result in the structure being exposed to fewer freeze-thaw cycles, and can help maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature [11, 12] . When the temperature is higher than the melting point of PCM, extra heat is absorbed by the melting of the PCM, which has a high latent heat. When the temperature decreases, the PCM releases the excess heat by solidification [13, 14] . Encapsulating the PCM into microcapsules prevents interactions between the PCM and the surrounding materials. In addition, microcapsules provide a large heat transfer surface area, and increase the structural stability [15, 16] . Better thermal comfort can be achieved by using mortar and concrete containing micro-encapsulated phase change materials (MPCM). However, the MPCM has a negative effect on the mechanical properties of construction materials [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] .

This is one of the main causes of mortar and concrete degradation.

Phase change materials (PCM) can result in the structure being exposed to fewer freeze-thaw cycles, and can help maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature.

When the temperature decreases, the PCM releases the excess heat by solidification.

In addition, microcapsules provide a large heat transfer surface area, and increase the structural stability.

However, the MPCM has a negative effect on the mechanical properties of construction materials.


Recycling waste materials into new building materials helps conserve the environment and natural resources. Geopolymers are an interesting alternative to ordinary Portland cement, and noticeably diminish greenhouse gas emission and reduces the high energy consumption compared to Portland cement [1] [2] [3] . Geopolymers can be prepared from industrial waste materials that are rich in aluminosilicate or kaolinite combined with an alkaline solution [4, 5] . In addition, geopolymer compositions exhibit excellent mechanical performance and shorter setting times in comparison to cementitious materials [6] [7] [8] .

Geopolymers are an interesting alternative to ordinary Portland cement, and noticeably diminish greenhouse gas emission and reduces the high energy consumption compared to Portland cement.

Geopolymers can be prepared from industrial waste materials that are rich in aluminosilicate or kaolinite combined with an alkaline solution.

In addition, geopolymer compositions exhibit excellent mechanical performance and shorter setting times in comparison to cementitious materials.


From a marketing and managerial point of view, it is essential to understand whether tourists acknowledge the authenticity claimed, and to comprehend how they identify the concept of authenticity (Kolar & Zabkar, 2010; Xie & Wall, 2002) . The issue of authenticity in Hong Kong heritage tourism is therefore a vital topic for investigation. This paper begins with a literature review of tourism journals, for a better understanding of the concept of authenticity and its studies. The review also helps identify other possible areas of investigation that could contribute further to our understanding of the concept. Previous research into tourists' perceptions of authenticity toward heritage experiences is identified. The majority of these studies focus on identifying different perceptions of authenticity, and the perceived authenticity of heritage sites and products. Very little research into how tourists assess the authenticity of an experience has been carried out, and our understanding of this is therefore incomplete. This study focuses on examining how tourists assess the authenticity of heritage experiences: in other words, the criteria of authentic heritage experiences.

From a marketing and managerial point of view, it is essential to understand whether tourists acknowledge the authenticity claimed, and to comprehend how they identify the concept of authenticity.


While the scientific literature mainly focuses on random slot-code allocations for traditional unit-load warehouses, the majority of companies are looking for a methodology to achieve optimal SKU placement without the need for expensive information systems. Furthermore, current research has mainly aimed to reduce warehouse operation costs through the minimization of material handling average travel distance by optimizing item location, instead of concentrating on picking operations. Given that over 50% of a warehouse's overall expenses results from order picking operations, this paper, through multiple simulations, has aimed to be the first to address a precise and measurable estimation of picking material handling distances varying the slot-code assignment optimality -both when a simple picking heuristic is used and when it is not. Overcoming the single/dual command hypothesis of the authors' original work, the main purpose of this paper is thus to underline and quantify the advantages that emerge from using a slot-code optimization rather than a random one, comparing material handling systems performance for 2, 6 and 10-picking cycles. Each comparison was carried out considering three different scenarios, respectively representing a null, low, medium and high level of slotcode optimization. Notwithstanding an expectable decrement of travel distances from the random scenario to the optimal one, simulations helped in an exact determination of these reductions. The importance of these results is crucial, especially for manufacturing, distribution and retailing companies seeking both an efficient design for their warehouse and the most appropriate type and number of material handling vehicle [82] .

The importance of these results is crucial, especially for manufacturing, distribution and retailing companies seeking both an efficient design for their warehouse and the most appropriate type and number of material handling vehicle.


The main aim of this study was to probe the relationship between the transactional leadership style, transformational leadership style and organizational commitment among the academic staff of public Tertiary Institutions in Pakistan. The results showed that the relation between transformational leadership style and organizational commitment is significant. This finding is consistent with results of previous research (Bommer, Rubin, & Baldwin, 2004; Cemaloglu, Sezgin, & Kiling, 2012) .

This finding is consistent with results of previous research.


Likewise, the findings also revealed that the relationship between transactional leadership and organizational commitment is significant. The finding is also supported by the previous researches results (Madanipour, 2013; Yavirach, 2012) . This implies that transactional leadership is an instrument that motivates staff by appealing to their self-regard, which play imperative role in the enhancing employee commitment. SET also support the finding, that this style of leadership is an exchange among leaders and employees, where each person gets something from each other and committed toward organization (Cray, Inglis, & Freeman 2007) . It shows that when employees receive support from their organization and have strong relationship with their supervisors, it helps employees to stay longer with the organization.

The finding is also supported by the previous researches results.

SET also support the finding, that this style of leadership is an exchange among leaders and employees, where each person gets something from each other and committed toward organization.


Generally, ballistic materials can be divided into hard and soft armors [4] [5] [6] . Unlike traditional structural composites, hard armors, also known as armor-grade composites, contain only 20% by weight matrix, and are made to readily delaminate. Conversely, soft armors consist of multilayered, woven textiles, and are used to protect against various types of bullets.

Generally, ballistic materials can be divided into hard and soft armors.


Aramid poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) or PPTA consists of relatively rigid polymer chains with linked benzene rings and amide bonds. This structure affords aramid fibers high tenacity, high modulus, and toughness [1] [2] [3] . Based on these merits, aramid fibers are used in ballistic armor materials. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of aramid fibers.

This structure affords aramid fibers high tenacity, high modulus, and toughness.


In this paper, an improved T-S fuzzy model identification approach is proposed to model a 1000 MW USC power plant for performance improvement. Firstly, an improved entropy-based fuzzy clustering method is adopted. The cluster numbers and initial centers of this method are automatically determined by introducing the concepts of a decision-making constant and threshold [17] . Meanwhile, the edge data points will not be selected as cluster centers. Then, the learning algorithm is used to modify the initial cluster centers and premise parameters are determined by modified cluster centers and the radius of cluster size. After this, a new structure of the concluding part is discussed, the incremental data around the cluster centers are used to get the local linear model through a weighted recursive least-square algorithm. The model built under the new structure can be directly used by advanced controllers. Finally, the on-site measured data of the power plant is used to train and verify the T-S fuzzy model, and two other different sets of data are selected to test the universality of the model. The paper is organized as follows. In the next section, the CCS of the USC power plant is briefly described. Section 3 shows the new structure of the T-S fuzzy model. Section 4 describes the specific parameter estimation method, including the improved entropy clustering algorithm and weighted recursive least-square algorithm. Simulation results are given in Section 5. Finally, some conclusions are drawn in Section 6.

The cluster numbers and initial centers of this method are automatically determined by introducing the concepts of a decision-making constant and threshold.

The paper is organized as follows.


Traditionally, the design of the parameter estimation systems is based on the classical signal processing methods where the normal (Gaussian) probability density function (PDF) of the random processes is usually used [1] [2] [3] . Gaussian PDF of the stochastic processes is widely applied, but in many cases it does not describe the real processes with the desired accuracy and turns out to be a convenient mathematical idealization of the real stochastic process [4] [5] [6] [7] . The traditional approaches are characterized by significant limitations of the parameter estimation of the non-Gaussian stochastic processes. Such problems are associated with the complexity of their algorithmic implementation and the increasing of the computer resources. In order to solve these problems, we can use another approach which is based on higher-order statistics (HOS). According to this approach, the random processes can be described in the form of the moment and cumulant (semivariants) functions. Such functions describe the statistical properties of the non-Gaussian processes with a reasonable accuracy [8] [9] [10] [11] . Partial description of the random processes in the form of moments and cumulants finite sequence allows us to apply more effective processing of the non-Gaussian processes [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] . Another approach, introduced on the basis of the moment and cumulant description of the random variables, allows us to apply the Method of Polynomial Maximization (MPM) and to get the asymptotically-efficient parameter estimation of non-Gaussian random variables [10, 11] . The effective polynomial algorithms for scalar parameter estimation of the non-Gaussian random processes have been synthesized on the basis of the MPM [12] [13] [14] . However, in many practical cases, the joint parameter estimation is more important and widely used for the synthesis of the signal processing systems [15, 16] . The adaptation of the MPM for the joint parameter estimation for unequally distributed random values in non-Gaussian noise is suggested.

Traditionally, the design of the parameter estimation systems is based on the classical signal processing methods where the normal (Gaussian) probability density function (PDF) of the random processes is usually used.

Gaussian PDF of the stochastic processes is widely applied, but in many cases it does not describe the real processes with the desired accuracy and turns out to be a convenient mathematical idealization of the real stochastic process.

Such functions describe the statistical properties of the non-Gaussian processes with a reasonable accuracy.

Partial description of the random processes in the form of moments and cumulants finite sequence allows us to apply more effective processing of the non-Gaussian processes.

Another approach, introduced on the basis of the moment and cumulant description of the random variables, allows us to apply the Method of Polynomial Maximization (MPM) and to get the asymptotically-efficient parameter estimation of non-Gaussian random variables.

The effective polynomial algorithms for scalar parameter estimation of the non-Gaussian random processes have been synthesized on the basis of the MPM.

However, in many practical cases, the joint parameter estimation is more important and widely used for the synthesis of the signal processing systems.