Inferior soils are usually an unavoidable problem due to the extension of constructing projects and lack of desirable grounds, so civil engineers employ several techniques to amend them. Soil stabilizing by adding chemical materials is one of the most common methods for treating fine grained soils. Lime has been used to improve some mechanical and plastic properties of fine grained soils since many years ago. However, occurrence of some unfavorable phenomena such as reduction in failure strain, residual strength, and toughness of soil has been reported due to lime application. Soil reinforcing with discrete fibers has been developed as another soil improving method in recent years. Researches explained that inclusion of natural fibers like sisal and coconut fiber provides ductility as well as increase in strength of soil [8] . Some researchers utilized advantages of fiber reinforcing by use of waste or byproduct materials as an economical and eco friendly solution for improving engineering properties of weak soils. Some researchers mixed scrap tire rubber with sand. Others mixed waste rubber with clayey soil and also, some researchers reinforced light weight soil with waste fishing net. These researchers reported that fiber reinforcing causes increasing in unconfined compressive strength, ductility and toughness of soil samples [9] . Few studies have been carried out on effects of fiber inclusion on mechanical behavior of stabilized soil. They conducted some unconfined compressive, direct shear, swelling, and shrinkage tests on polypropylene fiber reinforced lime stabilized clayey soil. While lime stabilized samples showed a brittle failure pattern, fiber-lime specimens showed strain softening ductile failure. Also, inclusion of fiber with cement stabilized soil has shown increase in strength as well as rise in ductility and reduction in brittleness of stabilized material [10] .

Researches explained that inclusion of natural fibers like sisal and coconut fiber provides ductility as well as increase in strength of soil.

These researchers reported that fiber reinforcing causes increasing in unconfined compressive strength, ductility and toughness of soil samples.

Also, inclusion of fiber with cement stabilized soil has shown increase in strength as well as rise in ductility and reduction in brittleness of stabilized material.


The rapid and extensive development in Egypt has recently led to the construction of industrial cities and the associated network of roads. This resulted in the utilization of virgin lands and large-scale urbanization pro-grams. One of the typical problems in the construction of roads in Delta region as well as along the river Nile Valley and a lot of regions is ascribable to the presence of the weak fine-grained soils. Weak soft soils are associated with many geotechnical problems. Because of that, some of the pavements located on weak soil have exhibited various types of deterioration in the form of raveling, cracking, rutting and formation of potholes and depressions in recently built highways and expressways [1] . The usual approach to soft subgrade stabilization is to remove the soft soil and replace it with a stronger material of crushed rock. The high cost of replacement has caused highway agencies to evaluate alternative methods of highway construction and one approach is to use stabilized soil for soft subgrade [2] . The natural durability and strength of the soil can be improved through the process of "soil stabilization" using different types of stabilizers. The aim of soil stabilizers is to increase the resistance against destructive forces of the weather by increasing strength and cohesion, reducing moisture movement in the soil and imparting water proofing characteristics. Stabilization of soils with low-bearing capacity is an economical way to strengthen the earth for building purposes and to diminish the amount of soil exchanges [3] .

Because of that, some of the pavements located on weak soil have exhibited various types of deterioration in the form of raveling, cracking, rutting and formation of potholes and depressions in recently built highways and expressways.

The high cost of replacement has caused highway agencies to evaluate alternative methods of highway construction and one approach is to use stabilized soil for soft subgrade.

Stabilization of soils with low-bearing capacity is an economical way to strengthen the earth for building purposes and to diminish the amount of soil exchanges.


Finally, companies may execute end-of-life collection, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling activities in a proper way (Table 2 , #8), because thanks to IoT, they can access real-time product information, e.g., geo-localization and condition [23] . Therefore, collection activities when products reach end-of-life may be optimized, since companies know each product location in real time. In addition, other renovation activities, such as remanufacturing, may be improved, since remanufacturers know product status as well as the expected residual life of each "smart" component (thanks to analytics), which is an important task to ensure that the component may maintain its reliability for another lifecycle [35] . This, in turn, attains closing the loop.

Finally, companies may execute end-of-life collection, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling activities in a proper way (Table 2 , #8), because thanks to IoT, they can access real-time product information, e.g., geo-localization and condition.

In addition, other renovation activities, such as remanufacturing, may be improved, since remanufacturers know product status as well as the expected residual life of each "smart" component (thanks to analytics), which is an important task to ensure that the component may maintain its reliability for another lifecycle.


It seems a truism that we conceive of morality in terms of rules, principles, or norms. Rules figure prominently in many cultural traditions (e.g. thou shalt not kill; do unto others…), moral theories (e.g. maximize happiness), and even personal maxims (e.g. don't be so shallow; pay it forward). In fact, moral norms are so widespread that some argue they're a cultural universal and in some sense innate (Sripada & Stich 2006) .

In fact, moral norms are so widespread that some argue they're a cultural universal and in some sense innate.


As our dataset contained two echolocating mammals, the microbat Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat) and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), we tested whether our screen detected known parallel substitutions. To this end, we extracted all proteins that contain radical parallel substitutions in conserved positions between microbat and dolphin. With Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian ancestral reconstruction, this resulted in sets of 409 and 416 proteins, respectively. For 392 proteins (>94% of 409/416), both approaches consistently detected parallel substitutions. These 392 proteins included the hearing-related proteins prestin, Dfnb59 and Slitrk6 ( Figure S4A ) that have been identified in previous candidate gene studies [4, [9] [10] [11] .

These 392 proteins included the hearing-related proteins prestin, Dfnb59 and Slitrk6 ( Figure S4A ) that have been identified in previous candidate gene studies.


Various factors and mechanisms are involved in the processes of As mobilization from soils by organic matter, in particular by dissolved organic matter (DOM), including sorption/desorption, sorption competition, redox reactions, complexation, and colloid formation (Bauer and Blodau 2006; Wang and Mulligan 2006; Moreno-Jiménez et al. 2013; Xie et al. 2015) . Various soil moisture conditions, with special case of waterlogging, are of crucial importance in terms of As solubility, as they determine soil redox potential and govern the processes of organic matter transformation. The products derived from plant residues decomposing under oxidized and anoxic conditions differ considerably if considering their properties, including molecular size, aromaticity, and the kinds of functional groups (Łabaz et al. 2016; Berg 2017; Kawałko et al. 2017) . These factors are important for the run of sorption/desorption processes or organic matter complexing properties. Humic substances together with nonspecific organic compounds make a complex mixture of products that cannot be described by simple chemical formulas (Chen et al. 1977; Swift 1996) . Therefore, various indices are used to depict the concentrations and features of soil organic matter. The indices most commonly used to characterize organic compounds dissolved in water are DOC concentrations and optical properties based on spectral characteristics of light absorption in the ranges of UV, VIS, and IR. Specific UV absorbance SUVA 254 is defined as the UV absorbance of water sample at 254 nm, measured in inverse meters (1/m), related to the concentration of DOC (in mg/L). SUVA 254 is an average absorptivity of all the organic molecules comprised within the DOC in a water or soil solution sample. It may be used as a surrogate index of DOC aromaticity (Weishaar et al. 2003) . The A4:A6 parameter (often denoted as E4:E6) provides a simplified information on the humification degree of organic matter (Chen et al. 1977; Strobel et al. 2001; Łabaz and Gałka 2012; Łabaz et al. 2016) .

Various factors and mechanisms are involved in the processes of As mobilization from soils by organic matter, in particular by dissolved organic matter (DOM), including sorption/desorption, sorption competition, redox reactions, complexation, and colloid formation.

The products derived from plant residues decomposing under oxidized and anoxic conditions differ considerably if considering their properties, including molecular size, aromaticity, and the kinds of functional groups.

Humic substances together with nonspecific organic compounds make a complex mixture of products that cannot be described by simple chemical formulas.

It may be used as a surrogate index of DOC aromaticity.

The A4:A6 parameter (often denoted as E4:E6) provides a simplified information on the humification degree of organic matter.


The randomized complete block design was used with 20 treatments (16 grafting combinations plus four non-grafted plants) and four replications. Contrasts with the Student's t test at 5% of probability were used to compare pairs of means, each pair formed by the grafting combination and its respective nongrafted control. The diallel analysis model was used to assess the general combining abilities of scions and rootstocks. Data was analyzed with the statistical program GENES (Cruz, 1997) .

Data was analyzed with the statistical program GENES.


Early warning technologies can be a key component to mitigate the effects of potentially catastrophic natural hazards. A recent example of the need for timely warnings is given by the Asian tsunami disaster which occurred on 26 December 2004. Although early warning systems have long been developed for mitigation of natural hazards such as tsunamis, hurricanes and tornados, it is only recently that they have become feasible for seismic risk mitigation, which has prompted an increasing amount of research interest [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] . The main goal of an earthquake early warning system (EEWS) is to take some action to protect or reduce loss of life or to mitigate damage and economic loss. Examples of such measures are evacuation of buildings, shut-down of critical systems (nuclear reactors, industrial chemical processes, etc.) and stopping of high-speed trains. The basic hardware of an EEWS is illustrated in Fig. 1 .

Although early warning systems have long been developed for mitigation of natural hazards such as tsunamis, hurricanes and tornados, it is only recently that they have become feasible for seismic risk mitigation, which has prompted an increasing amount of research interest.


Both quasi-static and dynamic drainage experiments were performed in a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-model (Karadimitriou et al. 2012) . The fluids used as the wetting and the non-wetting phase were Fluorinert FC-43 and water dyed with ink, respectively. The dynamic drainage experiments were performed under constant pressure conditions. Flow through the micro-model was visualized with the use of a custom open-air microscope. The acquired images were stored in a computer for further processing (Karadimitriou et al. 2013) .

Both quasi-static and dynamic drainage experiments were performed in a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-model.

The acquired images were stored in a computer for further processing.


According to the results of the X-ray phase analysis of the samples at the age of 28 days, the basic phases of The products of the magnesia cement hardening are mainly magnesium hydrooxychlorides. A great bulk of new formations of the stone is well generated columnar and plane-prismatic crystals of magnesium penta-and trioxyhydrochlorides. In cavities and cells in the size 100 microns and less, the needle crystals are formed on an internal surface of the cells, forming a continuous layer of small needles. Their size reaches 0,10-0,13 microns. Such the crystallization is a characteristic for the majority of micropores in which a free volume is filled with the crystals of oxychloride phases, or the formed crystals cover with a continuous layer an internal surface of the cells. The presence of calcium carbonate intensifies formation and crystallization of the hydrooxychloride phases in all the volume and in the interior of the pores that provides increase of the stone density and durability ( Figure  4 ) (Khudyakova et al., 2013) .

Their size reaches 0,10-0,13 microns.

The presence of calcium carbonate intensifies formation and crystallization of the hydrooxychloride phases in all the volume and in the interior of the pores that provides increase of the stone density and durability ( Figure  4 ).


We also present the first evidence of a relationship between winter and seasonal mortalities. Although winter colony mortality is commonly used to quantify losses in a standardized way, the colony mortality during a full year should also be taken into consideration to estimate population level trends. Colony losses are highly dependant on beekeeper management which includes how colonies are taken care (disease detection) but also which honey flow is targeted and therefore potential specific pesticide exposure [38] . Thus, future surveillance studies should encompass information on land use and pesticide analyses.

Colony losses are highly dependant on beekeeper management which includes how colonies are taken care (disease detection) but also which honey flow is targeted and therefore potential specific pesticide exposure.


We feel that accessibility via digital means is a necessary transformative practise in the 21 st century, for "unrestricted access to the archives provides two major benefits. The first advantage allows the rediscovery of hidden source of information that may bridge relationship or chronological gaps amongst objects. This helps extend current knowledge for researchers." (Ch'ng, 2013) . Mass photogrammetry exercise is not nugatory. The value for research, cultural exchange, and heritage as a source of creativity that can be generated as a result of crowdsourced digitisation exercises can be extensive. Multiple collections hosted across global museums of different levels, objects in circulation in the antique market, and heritage inherited in private collections can be made globally accessible so that 'rediscovery of hidden source of information that may bridge relationship or chronological gaps amongst object' (ibid.) may be achieved. In the course of value creation as a result of mass photogrammetry activities, an important question to ask is the need for a 'scientific approach' in the digitisation of objects -must digitised objects be documented in full surface quality, or is a capture of the likeness of the object sufficient? The answer to such a question depended on the use-value of the target object. If the purpose of documentation is for digital preservation and professional and scholarly inspection, a full quality capture equivalent to a professional laser-scan is mandatory. This produces a true facsimile of the object. But for public consumption, cultural exchange, creative inspiration and even research, where surveys of digital objects and exploratory searches of digital artefacts may yield interesting discourse, an adequate reproduction in the likeness of the original physical object may be sufficient. Any identified object of interests may then be digitised as necessary later by professional commission. In fact, no professional digital team would share full quality models on the Web by reason of effort, copyright and ownership. Furthermore, 3D object sharing platforms such as SketchFab require that models be heavily decimated. A 'scientific approach' to professional photogrammetry as compared to a 'simplistic approach' used in mass photogrammetry has very different nature and utility.

This helps extend current knowledge for researchers.".


The M-theory five-brane still remains one of the most mysterious objects in M-theory. Its role in M-theory is similar to that of a D-brane in string theory in that it is a submanifold on which open membranes may end just as a D-brane is a submanifold on which open strings may end [1] . The world volume dynamics of a D-brane, for slowly varying fields, are governed by a Dirac Born-Infeld theory. A similar non-linear theory also exists for the five-brane world volume fields [2] . Importantly, for D-branes there is also a description derived from open strings of the low energy dynamics (that is energies below the string scale) of N coincident branes using U(N) Yang-Mills theory. This description of D-branes has provided us with a rich insight in gauge theories. Unfortunately, there is no such equivalent description for coincident M-theory branes. There are signs that a description of the coincident five-brane theory will not be so simple. It is known from scattering calculations and black hole thermodynamics that the number of low energy degrees of freedom of N coincident five-branes grows as N 3 [3, 4] . There has been little insight so far as to reason for this growth in the number of degrees of freedom. For D-branes, where is growth is N 2 , the answer is due to the open strings stretching between different D-branes becoming light as the D-branes become coincident which from the Yang-Mills point of view is simply the W-Bosons becoming massless so the gauge symmetry becomes enhanced to a U(N) theory.

Its role in M-theory is similar to that of a D-brane in string theory in that it is a submanifold on which open membranes may end just as a D-brane is a submanifold on which open strings may end.

A similar non-linear theory also exists for the five-brane world volume fields.

It is known from scattering calculations and black hole thermodynamics that the number of low energy degrees of freedom of N coincident five-branes grows as N 3.


They used a scale of 0 (not likely at all) to 9 (extremely likely). After that participants completed a demographic form in which they indicated their gender, age, and ethnicity. We also measured participants' upbringing on a scale of 1 (very rural) to 9 (very urban). Studies found that honor cultures are typically more rural than non-honor cultures and rurality tends to be controlled in studies examining these cultures (Barnes, Brown, & Tamborski, 2012) .

Studies found that honor cultures are typically more rural than non-honor cultures and rurality tends to be controlled in studies examining these cultures.


Although coordinated regional prevention and control have been proposed for many years, it is difficult to obtain evidence and quantify the intensity of regional transport solely based on ground observations. Thus, reductions in regional emissions have not been implemented. Previous studies attempted to use air quality models to quantify the intensity and height of regional transport (Wu et al., 2011) . However, the vertical gradient of air pollutants was not measured to test the model; therefore, the results are not reliable. Thus, it is of great importance to measure the vertical gradient of air pollutants to quantify the intensity and height of the regional transport.

Previous studies attempted to use air quality models to quantify the intensity and height of regional transport.


Lock-in amplifiers were invented in the early 1940s to extract electrical signals in extremely noisy environments [4] . They employ a homodyne detection scheme and low-pass filtering to measure the electrical signal relative to a periodic reference signal. They extract signals in a defined frequency band around the reference frequency, efficiently rejecting all other frequency components. They are also often used to extract signals in the field of MPI [5] [6] .

Lock-in amplifiers were invented in the early 1940s to extract electrical signals in extremely noisy environments.

They are also often used to extract signals in the field of MPI.


As previously described, we defined the MPI signal as the mean of ( ) out v t [Equation (7)  are detected using phase shifters in lock-in amplifiers [15] . It may also be useful to investigate the dependency of ( ) t φ on the strength of the drive and selection magnetic fields and the particle size distribution of MNPs for analyzing the behavior of signal harmonics in MPI. Such a study is currently in progress.

As previously described, we defined the MPI signal as the mean of ( ) out v t [Equation (7)  are detected using phase shifters in lock-in amplifiers.

Such a study is currently in progress.


We simulated the magnetization of MNPs in response to the drive magnetic field by using the Langevin function given by Equation (11) . This is one of the most extensively studied models in MPI and is based on the assumption that MNPs are in equilibrium [11] . This appears to be valid at the low frequency of the drive magnetic field where the magnetization of MNPs is in equilibrium. As the frequency of the drive magnetic field increases, a relaxation time governs the ability of MNPs to follow changes in the drive magnetic field via two distinct relaxation mechanisms; the Néel and Brownian mechanisms [12] . In the Néel mechanism, internal reorientation of the magnetic moment of MNPs occurs, whereas physical rotation of MNPs occurs in the Brownian mechanism, and its characteristic time ( B τ ) is proportional to the viscosity of the suspending solvent [12] . As previously described, the frequency of the drive magnetic field was set at 400 Hz in this study, which is much lower than the reciprocal of B τ . Thus, the effect of viscosity appears to be negligible in this study. When this effect cannot be neglected, however, it would be necessary to perform more detailed analysis based on the stochastic Langevin equation considering Néel relaxation and Brownian rotation simultaneously [11] [13] .

We simulated the magnetization of MNPs in response to the drive magnetic field by using the Langevin function given by Equation.

This is one of the most extensively studied models in MPI and is based on the assumption that MNPs are in equilibrium.

As the frequency of the drive magnetic field increases, a relaxation time governs the ability of MNPs to follow changes in the drive magnetic field via two distinct relaxation mechanisms; the Néel and Brownian mechanisms.

In the Néel mechanism, internal reorientation of the magnetic moment of MNPs occurs, whereas physical rotation of MNPs occurs in the Brownian mechanism, and its characteristic time ( B τ ) is proportional to the viscosity of the suspending solvent.

When this effect cannot be neglected, however, it would be necessary to perform more detailed analysis based on the stochastic Langevin equation considering Néel relaxation and Brownian rotation simultaneously.


For a better understanding and optimization of MPI, it is important to investigate the behavior of signal harmonics generated by MNPs under various conditions of the drive and selection magnetic fields and their dependence on the particle size and distribution of MNPs. We previously investigated the behavior of signal harmonics in MPI by experimental and simulation studies, and reported that it largely depended on the strength of the drive and selection magnetic fields and the particle size distribution of MNPs [3] . In our previous studies, signal harmonics were calculated from the spectra obtained by the Fourier transformation of the signals induced by MNPs in a receiving coil [3] .

We previously investigated the behavior of signal harmonics in MPI by experimental and simulation studies, and reported that it largely depended on the strength of the drive and selection magnetic fields and the particle size distribution of MNPs.

In our previous studies, signal harmonics were calculated from the spectra obtained by the Fourier transformation of the signals induced by MNPs in a receiving coil.


As shown in Figure 7 , the relationship between the MPI signal and x largely depended on the τ value in the low-pass filter [Equation (4) ]. The dent at 0.3 cm x ≈ decreased with decreasing τ value. This appears to be mainly due to the increase in contamination of harmonics other than the third harmonics. In contrast, the CV value increased with decreasing τ value (Figure 8 ). Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(b) , the delay in the unit step response increases with increasing τ value, which will cause blurring in MPI [14] . Thus, it is important to select an appropriate value for τ in the low-pass filter by taking these factors into consideration.

As shown in Figure 7 , the relationship between the MPI signal and x largely depended on the τ value in the low-pass filter [Equation].

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(b) , the delay in the unit step response increases with increasing τ value, which will cause blurring in MPI.


Differential calculus has its great importance in the field of Science and Technology [1] . The partial differential equations are one of the most powerful mathematical tools to describe, define, and explain the various phenomena of physics and chemistry and the process to solve them is a new interesting field to study. Telegraph equations are hyperbolic partial differential equations that gained remarkable interest due to their numerous applications in high-frequency transmission lines, propagation of electrical signals, optimization of guided communication system, and the propagation of quantum particles and many other physical and chemical phenomena. They are also applicable to designing high-voltage transmission lines.

Differential calculus has its great importance in the field of Science and Technology.


Recently generalized space time fractional telegraph equations were used to describe number of chemical and physical phenomena with remarkably interesting results. The solutions of generalized space time fractional telegraph equations were obtained by the various numerical methods. Numerous investigations have been done to solve fractional telegraph equations. The methods, namely, generalized differential transform, Fourier-Laplace transform, separations of variables, perturbation theory, and basic variational iteration, have been used to investigate the solution of homogeneous and nonhomogenous time fractional telegraph equation and the solutions are given in the form of Mittag-Leffler functions [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Nowadays variational iteration method is being used to solve many fractional differential equations and the presence of Sumudu transform is making the process rich.

The methods, namely, generalized differential transform, Fourier-Laplace transform, separations of variables, perturbation theory, and basic variational iteration, have been used to investigate the solution of homogeneous and nonhomogenous time fractional telegraph equation and the solutions are given in the form of Mittag-Leffler functions.


Nowadays, utilization of herbal product for improving livestock production has received more attention. It is because the perspective of some consumers has been changed to a clean, green, and ethical (CGE) concept for animal products [1] . Although, there are also some advance animal production technologies available, but the consumers prefer for a safe production system, both for animal welfare and human health aspects [2, 3] . In addition, the animal industry would also prefer a low technology and low cost of production system. Therefore, in response to that changes in society preference, then using natural method, such as herbal product, is an alternative for improving animal production, including for increasing their reproductive efficiency [1] .

It is because the perspective of some consumers has been changed to a clean, green, and ethical (CGE) concept for animal products.

Although, there are also some advance animal production technologies available, but the consumers prefer for a safe production system, both for animal welfare and human health aspects.

Therefore, in response to that changes in society preference, then using natural method, such as herbal product, is an alternative for improving animal production, including for increasing their reproductive efficiency.


Fuzzy c-mean clustering is one of unsupervised clustering algorithms that is widely used in image processing and computer vision because it easy to implement and clustering performance [6] , [7] . It's used to segment an image by grouping pixels that have similar or nearly similar values into a cluster, where each group of pixel's values that belong to one cluster are similar to each other and different from pixel's values that belong to other clusters, and then these clusters represent the segments of the segmented image. The traditional fuzzy cmean suffers from some limitations, it's not accurate in the segmentation of noisy image and time consuming because it's iterative nature. Our proposed algorithm which named Improved fuzzy c-mean algorithm offers an overcoming of one limitation of traditional fuzzy c-mean which is timeconsuming. In our proposed algorithm we use frequency of each data item of image and processing these frequencies instead of processing whole data items of the image. That is reduce processing time in the great form. This paper contains five parts and arranged as follow: Section 2 talking about time complexity, section 3 the traditional fuzzy c-mean, section 4 proposed an algorithm, section 5 Experimental Results, and in section 6 the conclusion.

Fuzzy c-mean clustering is one of unsupervised clustering algorithms that is widely used in image processing and computer vision because it easy to implement and clustering performance.


The sequential trauma experienced and higher trauma symptomology were associated with higher subsequent police recorded victimisations and explained approximately a third of the variance. This suggests the need for police and support agencies to assess prior trauma exposure when assessing risk of revictimisation (Kelly et al., 2010) . This is consistent with the findings of Kira and colleagues who argue that we should consider a "trauma profile", rather than a single traumatic event in isolation (Kira, Aboumediene, Ashby, Odenat, Mohanesh & Alamia, 2013) . This is consistent with research on women that has found women who experienced multiple episodes of violence were at greater risk of experiencing negative psychosocial outcomes such as PTSD symptoms, poorer adjustment, lifestyle instability, sexual dysfunction, depression, and suicide attempts (Arata, 1999; Banyard et al., 2001; Ellis et al., 1981; Maker et al., 2001; Miller et al., 1978; Miner, et al., 2006; Nishith et al., 2000) .

This suggests the need for police and support agencies to assess prior trauma exposure when assessing risk of revictimisation.

This is consistent with the findings of Kira and colleagues who argue that we should consider a "trauma profile", rather than a single traumatic event in isolation.

This is consistent with research on women that has found women who experienced multiple episodes of violence were at greater risk of experiencing negative psychosocial outcomes such as PTSD symptoms, poorer adjustment, lifestyle instability, sexual dysfunction, depression, and suicide attempts.


Until recently the majority of government initiatives in the UK lacked the voices of early years educators; they themselves also have not always engaged in professional discourse or addressed issues at policy level (Osgood, 2006b) . The ability to reflect on and evaluate one's professional role and its practical application must be the key to professionalism in the early years (Hughes and Menmuir, 2002) . The field requires a knowledgeable, highly qualified and articulate workforce and practitioners need to be able to define what their own professionalism entails (Moyles, 2001) . It would seem timely to promote a re-conceptualization of early years professionalism through developing a research agenda that 'explores issues of professional roles and identity' (Woodrow, 2007: 241) . This study enabled a group of educators of young children to voice their issues in ways that allowed them to disseminate their professionalism and professional knowledge.

Until recently the majority of government initiatives in the UK lacked the voices of early years educators; they themselves also have not always engaged in professional discourse or addressed issues at policy level.

The ability to reflect on and evaluate one's professional role and its practical application must be the key to professionalism in the early years.

The field requires a knowledgeable, highly qualified and articulate workforce and practitioners need to be able to define what their own professionalism entails.


As one of the most promising renewable energy resources to be used in the world, wind energy has attracted the attention of many researchers [1] [2] [3] [4] . With the fast development of power electronics, the fully-rated permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and partially-rated doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are the ones mainly used in the wind energy market, since they have the ability of variable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF) operation. The advantages of the small volume and low cost of the back-to-back (BTB) power converter are endowed to DFIG-based wind turbines (DFIG-WTs). However, when these wind turbines approach the end of their lifetime, various types of faults may happen, which result in downtime. Especially for offshore wind applications, where terrible weather conditions and high maintenance cost are present, a longer period of downtime is caused, which leads to more energy and economic losses.

As one of the most promising renewable energy resources to be used in the world, wind energy has attracted the attention of many researchers.


Needle head of PICC catheterization in puncture was thick, and local injury was big. Therefore, after chemotherapy, tumor patients tended to have arrest of bone marrow and obstacles of coagulation function, and they have bleeding tendency [8] . There are various factors of bleeding after PICC catheterization at the puncture sites, such as compression, stress and loading of the operated limbs, frequent movement. After PICC catheterization, blood effused from the puncture sites along the catheter which could be seen by patients, which lead to uneasiness and discomfort and cause mental pressure of patients, and thus affected application of tubes [6] . In the present study, bleeding of patients was above class II, and surgical dressing was changed for many times in 1 week. Because of the repeated surgical dressing, the puncture sites were stimulated and wound was not healed, which lead to chances of bleeding. Alginate dressing is an organic acid extracted from brown algae, and also a cellulose insoluble polysaccharide [9] . Alginate dressing is produced by transforming the insoluble polysaccharides into a calcium salt in the preparation process [10, 11] . It can change insoluble alginate calcium into soluble sodium alginate by ion exchange when it contacts with the wound fluid, and it can release calcium. Alginate dressing has extreme strong absorbance ability, and it can absorb almost 20 times fluid of its weight, which assures the moisture environment of wound healing, and extends dressing time, and in the meantime it can make the autolysis of necrotic tissue in the wound. Furthermore, calcium ion of alginate can form a reticular layer of gel at the wound surface which is helpful in enhancing haemostasis [7, 12] . Therefore, Alginate dressing was used in local haemostasis after surgical operation and haemostasis of burning skin implantation in recent years, which uses characteristics of haemostasis, absorbing bleeding, keep moisture environment of cut surface to enhance wound healing.

Therefore, after chemotherapy, tumor patients tended to have arrest of bone marrow and obstacles of coagulation function, and they have bleeding tendency.

After PICC catheterization, blood effused from the puncture sites along the catheter which could be seen by patients, which lead to uneasiness and discomfort and cause mental pressure of patients, and thus affected application of tubes.

Alginate dressing is an organic acid extracted from brown algae, and also a cellulose insoluble polysaccharide.

Alginate dressing is produced by transforming the insoluble polysaccharides into a calcium salt in the preparation process.

Furthermore, calcium ion of alginate can form a reticular layer of gel at the wound surface which is helpful in enhancing haemostasis.


The MgII/MgI ratio was found to be preferable over CaII/CaI as an indicator of surface hardness; the chosen Mg emission lines were deemed less susceptible to self absorption under the conditions of the study. The plasma shockwave velocity was found to be proportional to the surface hardness; it is believed that the speed of the shockwave mediates the ionization effectiveness, and thus the ratio of ionic to neutral species comprising the plasma [26, 27] . We postulate herein that the plasma shockwave velocity may also therefore mediate the temperature of the laser-induced plasmas, and that plasma temperature determination techniques may be employed as an indicator of sample hardness, possibly reducing uncertainties resulting from emission line self absorption. We compare Vickers surface hardness measurements of three apatite based bio-ceramics against plasma excitation temperature as determined using the line to continuum ratio method.

The plasma shockwave velocity was found to be proportional to the surface hardness; it is believed that the speed of the shockwave mediates the ionization effectiveness, and thus the ratio of ionic to neutral species comprising the plasma.


In recent years there has been a considerable focus on developing innovative implant materials that either integrate with the existing bone (non-resorbable bio-active materials), or act as temporary structures upon which the body heals itself and that are then subsequently dissolved (resorbable bio-active materials) [1] . Certain nonresorbable materials, such as crystalline apatite based ceramics, have been shown to be particularly bio-active as they exhibit a similar crystal structure to hydroxyapatite, the major mineral constituent of bone [2] [3] [4] . When developing these implant materials a rigorous characterization of their mechanical properties is required; the flexural strength, biaxial flexural strength and material hardness are major factors in determining the fracture resistance of the implant [5] .

In recent years there has been a considerable focus on developing innovative implant materials that either integrate with the existing bone (non-resorbable bio-active materials), or act as temporary structures upon which the body heals itself and that are then subsequently dissolved (resorbable bio-active materials).

Certain nonresorbable materials, such as crystalline apatite based ceramics, have been shown to be particularly bio-active as they exhibit a similar crystal structure to hydroxyapatite, the major mineral constituent of bone.

When developing these implant materials a rigorous characterization of their mechanical properties is required; the flexural strength, biaxial flexural strength and material hardness are major factors in determining the fracture resistance of the implant.


The hardness of a material is characterized by its resistance to permanent indentation and there are a number of different hardness tests that can be used [6] . One of the most commonly employed techniques is the Vickers hardness test that requires the optical measurement of the indented area related to an applied load; the hardness is measured using the Vickers hardness number (VHN). The Vickers hardness test can be time consuming, places geometric and size constraints on the samples that may be analysed and requires that samples have a good surface finish.

The hardness of a material is characterized by its resistance to permanent indentation and there are a number of different hardness tests that can be used.


Radar systems extract information pertaining to location or velocity of a target upon receiving the measurements. During these years, multifarious new techniques are continuously applied to various radar systems [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Nowadays, modern radar systems have been regarded to be very "mature" in all the aspects like performance, manufacturing technics and reliability, and have been widely applied in both military and civil uses. However, the development of radar is far from its end. The coming forth of the "electric war" raised new requirements to all aspects of radar systems, such as devices manufacturing, circuit implementation, antenna design and signal processing of radar tracking [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] . Among various radar tracking problems, tracking the targets hidden in radar blind Doppler zone (BDZ) becomes a hot topic in recent years due to its importance in airborne radars [18] [19] [20] .

During these years, multifarious new techniques are continuously applied to various radar systems.

The coming forth of the "electric war" raised new requirements to all aspects of radar systems, such as devices manufacturing, circuit implementation, antenna design and signal processing of radar tracking.

Among various radar tracking problems, tracking the targets hidden in radar blind Doppler zone (BDZ) becomes a hot topic in recent years due to its importance in airborne radars.


Current statistical model is essentially a Signer model with an adaptive mean [27] . It doesn't require any a priori model for the diverse acceleration situations of actual target maneuvers. Thus, the difficulty of selecting appropriate models for different maneuvering motions can be avoided. In addition, for tracking maneuvering targets, the current statistical model has fast processing rate and high estimate precision, along with the characteristic of easy hardware implementation. In this paper, we combine the current statistical model and particle filter to built a CSM-PF algorithm to track the targets hidden in blind Doppler.

Current statistical model is essentially a Signer model with an adaptive mean.


Some analysis of socioeconomic data at the municipal level (LAU 2) has been conducted in statistical surveys made in the Czech Republic, but most of the analysis has only been done at the regional level (NUTS 3), or at the level of municipal administrative units with extended powers and municipalities with authorized municipal office. For regional development, policy, and strategic planning purposes, detailed information regarding spatial differentiation from a socioeconomic perspective is required. From this data, a detailed synthesis and typology must then be derived. Using this information, it is possible in the smaller units (usually LAU 2 municipalities) to monitor both the inequalities and similarities of development levels, in socioeconomic terms. Many authors stress the need to work on a large-scale level, while others prefer using case studies for smaller areas (Macešková et al., 2009) .

Many authors stress the need to work on a large-scale level, while others prefer using case studies for smaller areas.


In this paper we improve the previously known results towards the Bruinier-Kohnen conjecture by proving the equidistribution of the signs of {a(tn 2 )} n for n running through the set of primes (see Theorem 4.1) and through the set of all positive integers (see Corollary 5.2). The former result is formulated in terms of natural density, the latter for Dedekind-Dirichlet density. For the latter result, we have to assume a certain error term for the convergence of the Sato-Tate distribution for integral weight modular forms, which is weaker than an error term conjectured by Akiyama and Tanigawa [1] . Relying on the Shimura lift as in the papers cited above, the techniques of the present article also do not extend to study the equidistribution of the signs of {a(n)} n , when n runs through the squarefree integers.

For the latter result, we have to assume a certain error term for the convergence of the Sato-Tate distribution for integral weight modular forms, which is weaker than an error term conjectured by Akiyama and Tanigawa.


As identified in this review, evidence-based interventions for depression care can be effectively applied in a range of settings, with notable implications for racial/ethnic minority populations. The passage and gradual implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act offers an opportunity to extend the reach of evidence-based models of care with culturally and aging competent practices. The long term sustainability of innovative depression interventions for an aging, and diversifying population will be incumbent upon the availability of fiscal and human resources that ensures an aging, and culturally-competent workforce [12] .

The long term sustainability of innovative depression interventions for an aging, and diversifying population will be incumbent upon the availability of fiscal and human resources that ensures an aging, and culturally-competent workforce.


Although noise gating can significantly improve certain aspects of the performance of a heralded single-photon source, it should be noted that it is not a complete solution to achieving the highest performance. Ultimately, performance will be limited by the fundamental thermal statistics of the generation process, which imposes a limit for a single source of 0.25 on the probability of delivering one pure heralded photon per mode. The only technique that can bypass that restriction is actively combining the output of several generation modes to create a multiplexed source [21, 22] . Nevertheless, because noise gating increases the average pair-generation probability at which the sources can be operated for a given level of uncorrelated noise, it can reduce the number of sources that would be required in any realistic multiplexing scheme.

The only technique that can bypass that restriction is actively combining the output of several generation modes to create a multiplexed source.


We envisage that improvements to our noise-gating scheme could be made by shrinking the switching window ∆t sw around the arriving heralded photon to remove additional noise. More advanced noise gating could be carried out using a heralding detector with photon number resolution (PNR) capability to enable discrimination between single-and multi-pair emission. This could be achieved either with a superconducting PNR detector or a pseudo-PNR detector constructed from binary detectors [23, 24] .

This could be achieved either with a superconducting PNR detector or a pseudo-PNR detector constructed from binary detectors.


Furthermore, the forming of E S requires negative vertical wind shear (Eq. 1), whose main source is the solar tides, partly providing larger vertical wind gradients than the background wind. Considering wind shear theory tidal-like structures are expected in E S . Recent studies have shown from phase comparison of the SDT wind shear and E S signature that the latter are most likely caused by the SDT (Arras et al., 2009) . Therefore, it appears also promising to search for a relation between the TDT and terdiurnal oscillations in E S .

Recent studies have shown from phase comparison of the SDT wind shear and E S signature that the latter are most likely caused by the SDT.


A number of candidates for biological "information" present themselves in this capacity. For example, genome size as measured by the number of base-pairs, or proteome size as measured by the number of amino acids arguably provide reasonable measures of an organism's information content, particularly if attention is paid to the effects of polyploidy on genome size. Another measure of information content is the number of intrinsically disordered protein domains or residues in an organism's proteome, which gauge a proteome's functional versatility. This measure is particularly interesting because intrinsically disordered domains lack an equilibrium 3D structure under normal physiological conditions. Consequently, each domain can assume multiple conformations (and thus multiple developmental regulatory functions) within the same cell without an unnecessary and inefficient expansion of genome or proteome size [6] [7] [8] . In this way, proteins with intrinsically disordered domains contain information that is not encoded directly in the genome, a feature that helps in part to explain the G paradox. Finally, two of the advantages of using these three measurements of organismic information content is that each can be applied to unicellular as well as to multicellular organisms, and each can be used to assess whether complexity has increased over any lineage's evolutionary history.

Consequently, each domain can assume multiple conformations (and thus multiple developmental regulatory functions) within the same cell without an unnecessary and inefficient expansion of genome or proteome size.


Prostate cancer has become the most common malignancy in males in several developed countries and the second most common one worldwide after lung cancer [1] . The precise etiology of prostate cancer is still virtually unknown and the only well-established risk factors are those that are inherited and uncontrollable, including age, race, and family history of prostate cancer [2] . Emerging evidence indicates that environmental factors may also play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of prostate cancer. A high incidence of prostate cancer in the USA and European countries suggests that prostate cancer may be related to the ''Western'' lifestyle pattern [3] .

Prostate cancer has become the most common malignancy in males in several developed countries and the second most common one worldwide after lung cancer.

The precise etiology of prostate cancer is still virtually unknown and the only well-established risk factors are those that are inherited and uncontrollable, including age, race, and family history of prostate cancer.

A high incidence of prostate cancer in the USA and European countries suggests that prostate cancer may be related to the ''Western'' lifestyle pattern.


The recent surge of interest in bio-plastics has come from growing concern about the disposal of plastic waste and the need to find alternatives to landfill -for which biodegradable polymers offer a possible solution. Coupled with this is the requirement to find replacements for fossil fuel feed-stocks, and hence the focus on polymers that are derived from renewable resources, such as plant-based materials. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most commercially successful of the bio-derived polymers and is widely used in biomedical applications because of its biocompatibility and also in packaging and other short-life disposable products [1] .

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most commercially successful of the bio-derived polymers and is widely used in biomedical applications because of its biocompatibility and also in packaging and other short-life disposable products.


A typical glass transition temperature (T g ) for PLA is around 57ºC, although this will vary slightly depending on the crystallinity and molecular weight of the polymer. Hence at room temperature PLA is a hard, brittle solid with mechanical properties not dissimilar to those of polystyrene [1, 4] . A number of approaches are commonly taken to improve the toughness of brittle polymers, including plasticisation, incorporation of impact modifiers and melt blending. All of these methods have been employed to modify the properties of PLA [4, 5] .

Hence at room temperature PLA is a hard, brittle solid with mechanical properties not dissimilar to those of polystyrene.

All of these methods have been employed to modify the properties of PLA.


Titanium alloys undergo a ˇ → ˛ phase transformation during continuous cooling from the ˇ-phase field. The resulting microstructure relies on the following transformation in an equilibrium manner [2] . Diffusional ˇ → ˛ transformations typically lead to the development of Widmanstätten and lamellar structures [4, 5] . Understanding both the ˇ → p hase transformation behavior and resultant microstructures is important, as the mechanical properties of Ti alloys are intrinsically linked to the microstructure. Hence, control of the microstructure can lead to improved mechanical properties.

The resulting microstructure relies on the following transformation in an equilibrium manner.

Diffusional ˇ → ˛ transformations typically lead to the development of Widmanstätten and lamellar structures.


The patients not treated in these services are treated in classic structures providing palliative care but not specialized in palliative care (general hospital wards, home care nursing services, general practitioners, nursing homes...) [2] . Beside the specialised palliative services, the country is divided into 25 areas, called palliative networks, each covering around 300.000 inhabitants. These networks coordinate the intervention of palliative care services and integrate them into the health care system. Each network has its own home care team.

The patients not treated in these services are treated in classic structures providing palliative care but not specialized in palliative care (general hospital wards, home care nursing services, general practitioners, nursing homes...).


Social media is a collection of internet based application that allows the users to create, share or exchange information [1] . Most common examples for social media are Social Network Sites (SNS), blogs, micro blogs etc. Social media sentiment analysis is a social media mining technique that involves constructing systems to collect and analyze opinions about different products that appear in blog posts, comments, reviews or tweets.

Social media is a collection of internet based application that allows the users to create, share or exchange information.


Thermal stability is one of the most studied characteristics of polymers because organic-based polymers have low thermal degradation resistance. Recent studies have shown that the addition of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanoclays, and graphene to the polymers improves their thermal stability. The incorporation of inorganic fillers such as GNPs has been shown to further enhance many of these properties, including thermal properties [14, 15] . Furthermore, studies discussing the adoption of MgO as a nanofiller for PP based on xGnP composites are very limited in the literature. Consequently, this work investigates the thermal properties of PP based on xGnP/nMgO composites.

The incorporation of inorganic fillers such as GNPs has been shown to further enhance many of these properties, including thermal properties.


With the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, it is common to integrate multistandard protocols and combine multiple functions into the same device. Smart phones combining WiFi, cellular phones and Bluetooth are one example of this trend. To realize multiple functions within limited circuit size, miniaturization of RF components becomes extremely important. One method for size reduction is to design multiple function devices, which integrate two or more functions into one device [1] [2] [3] . Using this method, the number of components can be reduced and thus the circuit area can be reduced.

One method for size reduction is to design multiple function devices, which integrate two or more functions into one device.


The above integrated devices are designed based on transmission lines. In the lower radio frequency range, even the electrical size of the integrated designs is small in terms of the guided-wavelength, and the physical size is still too large in many applications. Compared to transmission line designs, lumped element designs merely require a very small area. On the other hand, the quality factor of the lumped elements is high enough in the lower radio frequency range. Therefore, lumped element designs are highly attractive in the lower radio frequency range because of the compact size [5, 22, 23] . For instance, a lumped power divider is designed [5] . However, there is no design about filtering power divider based on lumped elements.

Therefore, lumped element designs are highly attractive in the lower radio frequency range because of the compact size.

For instance, a lumped power divider is designed.


Additionally, most tenure granting institutions set a goal for expectations regarding research output. Beginning tenure-track researchers might seek or be granted institutional support to assist in the development of a narrowly focused research stream. Tenured professors seem to independently evolve toward more pragmatic insights used to investigate and solve problems (Bolton & Stolcis, 2003) . For these reasons, pre-tenured professors commonly experience pressure to produce quality research streams as the means of attaining career security and progression (Cheng, Chan & Chan, 2003) . Thus the measurement of output across time by institutions and by various journals becomes an important activity for understanding contributions to knowledge as well as for various ranking reports that are produced for purposes of comparing programs and institutions.

Tenured professors seem to independently evolve toward more pragmatic insights used to investigate and solve problems.

For these reasons, pre-tenured professors commonly experience pressure to produce quality research streams as the means of attaining career security and progression.


The driving beam, a linearly polarized femtosecond infrared pulse, is converted into a radial/azimuthal vector beam using an s-waveplate [34] . The s-waveplate is a super-structured space variant waveplate that converts linear to radial or azimuthal polarization, depending on the polarization angle of the incident beam (see Figs. 1(a) and 1(b), respectively). To characterize the resulting vector beam we place: a half-waveplate before the s-waveplate to control the input beam polarization direction, and a vertical linear polarizer after the s-waveplate to analyze the generated beam. In Fig. 1 (c) we plot the measured spatial intensity distribution observed after the analyzer for different angles (α) of the half-waveplate. We observe that for α 0°we obtain a radial vector beam distribution, while for α 45°we obtain an azimuthal vector beam. Once the IR vector beam is properly selected, we generate high-order harmonics by focusing the beam into an argon gas jet, as sketched in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b). The resulting harmonic vector beam is detected in the far-field.

The driving beam, a linearly polarized femtosecond infrared pulse, is converted into a radial/azimuthal vector beam using an s-waveplate.


On the other hand, the longitudinal magnetic field created at the center of tightly focused azimuthal vector beams presents promising applications in magnetic spectroscopy and microscopy [14] . The generation of ultrashort EUV/x-ray azimuthal vector beams conveys a revolutionary tool to be applied in nanomagnetics, due to their potential to generate ultrafast electronic currents in the nanoscale. Ultrafast charge currents can induce magnetic fields that steer the properties of magnetic nanoparticles [69] . We envision a unique opportunity to tailor magnetic domains in the femtosecond-to-attosecond timescales using EUV/x-ray vector beams.

On the other hand, the longitudinal magnetic field created at the center of tightly focused azimuthal vector beams presents promising applications in magnetic spectroscopy and microscopy.

Ultrafast charge currents can induce magnetic fields that steer the properties of magnetic nanoparticles.


Hyperthermia induced by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a potent tool in cancer therapy [1] [2] [3] . To increase the therapeutic effect of magnetic hyperthermia, combination therapy with other clinical agents and evaluation of the method to synthesize MNPs have been studied. In particular, antibody-modified MNPs exhibited a therapeutic effect on cancer owing to their enhanced selectivity toward cancer cells [4, 5] . The various sizes of spinal-structured iron oxide particles have been synthesized by changing heating time of -Fe 2 O 3 platelet particles in tetraethylene glycol [6] . In addition to hyperthermia, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has recently attracted attention as the application to visualize MNPs in the human body for therapy and diagnostics [3, 7] .

Hyperthermia induced by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a potent tool in cancer therapy.

In particular, antibody-modified MNPs exhibited a therapeutic effect on cancer owing to their enhanced selectivity toward cancer cells.

The various sizes of spinal-structured iron oxide particles have been synthesized by changing heating time of -Fe 2 O 3 platelet particles in tetraethylene glycol.

In addition to hyperthermia, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has recently attracted attention as the application to visualize MNPs in the human body for therapy and diagnostics.


Mechanical force can play a pivotal role in biological systems. Protein receptor-ligand complexes under mechanical stress have shown considerable resilience 1 , malleability 2 , and weakness 3 against externally applied forces. In is various adaptations atomic force microscopy-based (AFM) single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) has emerged as a powerful tool to uncover these behaviors [4] [5] [6] [7] . Yet, it remains debatable in what pathway complex dissociation of a protein-protein interaction under mechanical forces occurs: Are these interactions unbinding, or unfolding? In conventional assays receptor and ligand are immobilized on different substrates, such as AFM cantilever and a surface. They are brought in contact until bound and subsequently dissociated by stretching until their complex breaks. Inherently, this method loses observation of binding partners post dissociation, as contact between cantilever and surface is lost when the connection severs. Thus, one lacks access to a more complex underlying mechanism reflected in e.g. intermediate states of unbinding, and what happens to the binding partners once dissociated. One possibility is that receptor and ligand unbind, i.e. they sever and remain two intact units. However, another conceivable pathway is the partial or complete unfolding of one or both of the binding partners. Especially high forces exceeding 50 pN routinely reach in AFM-based SMFS imply that protein domain unfolding is possible. As observation of binding partners is lost after dissociation in a conventional AFM-SMFS measurement, both pathways -unfolding and unbinding -will appear identical.

In is various adaptations atomic force microscopy-based (AFM) single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) has emerged as a powerful tool to uncover these behaviors.


One of the main conclusions of the current study is the importance of determining the correct boundary conditions in the study of journal bearing lubrication. In particular, it is important to include mass conserving flow dynamics through the conjunction. This requires the solution of Navier-Stokes equation, also including vapour transport and energy equations. In this manner the effects of shear heating, multi-phase and any reverse flow conditions are automatically included for the determination of lubricant film rupture point and its subsequent reformation. The results obtained show closer conformance to the experimental measurements than other methods reported in literature, which impose cavitation algorithms such as the Elrod's algorithm [17] .

The results obtained show closer conformance to the experimental measurements than other methods reported in literature, which impose cavitation algorithms such as the Elrod's algorithm.


The concept of plug nozzles is not new. Research on the topic actively started in the 1950's and lead to several static fire tests in the 1960's [e.g. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Their use was investigated for the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) but the technology was deemed too risky at the time. More recently, during the 1990's, NASA invested in the development of aerospike technology for Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV) as part of the now-defunct X -33 program. This program led to the development of several linear aerospike engines, RS 2200, which were tested repeatedly. To date, however, no aerospike engine is known to have powered a rocket in flight.

The concept of plug nozzles is not new.

Research on the topic actively started in the 1950's and lead to several static fire tests in the 1960's [e.g..


FRG2B and FAM47B are not known to be involved in the pathogenesis of human disease, although the detailed molecular function of these genes has been largely unexplored. FRG2B is homologous to FRG2 located on chromosome 4, which has been implicated in playing a role in the pathogenesis of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) in patients with substantial reductions in a 11-150 unit 4q35 microsatellite repeat [67] [68] [69] . However, reductions in the homologous 10qt26 microsatellite repeat, proximal to FRG2B, have not been associated with FSHD.

FRG2B is homologous to FRG2 located on chromosome 4, which has been implicated in playing a role in the pathogenesis of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) in patients with substantial reductions in a 11-150 unit 4q35 microsatellite repeat.


A. TAF1 variant implicated in disease phenotype TAF1 (TATA-box-binding protein associated factor 1) is part of the TFIID multi-protein complex, which consists of the TATA binding protein (TBP) and 12 additional TBP associated factors (TAFs). TFIID has been implicated in promoting transcription initiation by recognizing promoter DNA and facilitating the nucleation of other factors to aid in the assembly of the preinitiation complex [55] . TFIID also interacts with transcriptional activators as a co-activator [55] . TAF1 is the largest known TFIID associated TAF, and it binds directly to the TBP via a conserved N-terminal domain. Through its binding to TBP, TAF1 is thought to influence some control over the activation of genes promoted by TATA or other DNA motifs by inhibiting the TBP subunit from binding to these regions [54] . More recent work has reported aberrant expression affecting hundreds of D. melanogaster genes as a result of TAF1 transcript depletion, with many more of these genes being expressed more vigorously while a smaller number are expressed less vigorously than under wild-type conditions [58] . In addition and consistent with the notion that TAF1 is important in controlling the binding patterns of TFIID to specific promoter regions, this study showed that the set of genes conferring increased expression were enriched with genes containing TATA-motif promoters, suggesting an association between the depletion of TAF1 and increased expression of genes with TATA-based promoters. Recent structural work in yeast points to an epigenetic role of the TAF1-TAF7 complex in general TFIID function and/or pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly, and that TAF1 is likely unstable in the absence of a binding partner, such as TAF7 [49] .

TFIID has been implicated in promoting transcription initiation by recognizing promoter DNA and facilitating the nucleation of other factors to aid in the assembly of the preinitiation complex.

TFIID also interacts with transcriptional activators as a co-activator.

Through its binding to TBP, TAF1 is thought to influence some control over the activation of genes promoted by TATA or other DNA motifs by inhibiting the TBP subunit from binding to these regions.

More recent work has reported aberrant expression affecting hundreds of D. melanogaster genes as a result of TAF1 transcript depletion, with many more of these genes being expressed more vigorously while a smaller number are expressed less vigorously than under wild-type conditions.

Recent structural work in yeast points to an epigenetic role of the TAF1-TAF7 complex in general TFIID function and/or pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly, and that TAF1 is likely unstable in the absence of a binding partner, such as TAF7.


This paper has offered a new positioning and object tracking method using one of the latest gadgets, namely, mobile reader. The study involves RFID mobile reader that moves in a zigzag pattern, thus the position of the tags is calculated through RSS model as well as complete coverage is ensured to the indoor area. The proposed system can allow multiple readers to move concurrently to locate the required tags; thus, the whole area can be swept through in one shot. The obtained results confirm that the proposed system can be a suitable alternative in terms of accuracy and cost. The proposed positioning method is able to provide tracking error with less than a meter and in some situations, the estimated position of the tags can be extremely close to the exact position. It is found that the proposed system is able to locate the tags for all four scenarios with an average time of 2.4 s and a maximum time of 5 s, which is better compared to other mobile reader based positioning systems [11, 12, 15, 16] . From the critical results and analysis, it is also found that, only Tag 1 (scenario 2), Tag 3 (scenario 3), and Tags 2, 4, and 11 (scenario 4) placed in the worst position (this is an irregularity, where tags placed almost outside the sensing range of the mobile reader), thus give the error distance marginally greater than the interrogation range of the mobile reader. However, these five tags are still successfully positioned by either vertical or horizontal scanning of the mobile reader and will be never missed completely. In future, the method proposed in this study can be implemented in some real applications, such as supermarkets and warehouses to locate all the tags smoothly and orderly.

It is found that the proposed system is able to locate the tags for all four scenarios with an average time of 2.4 s and a maximum time of 5 s, which is better compared to other mobile reader based positioning systems.


The treatment of choice for CPC is surgical resection of the tumor block, a potentially curative procedure that may confer up to 50% survival in the series with the best results [27] . Radiotherapy has been recommended to reduce the tumor before surgery and to control it in cases of locally-invasive disease, disseminated or recurrent [1] . However, only five CPC patients of the present series were submitted to radiotherapy, and only three of them survived (two negative and one positive for the R337H mutation). Chemotherapy is presented as a valuable instrument to be associated with surgical treatment. There is, however, no consensus on the chemotherapy of choice because of the difficulty in drawing up protocols in view of the rarity of the tumor [28] .

The treatment of choice for CPC is surgical resection of the tumor block, a potentially curative procedure that may confer up to 50% survival in the series with the best results.

Radiotherapy has been recommended to reduce the tumor before surgery and to control it in cases of locally-invasive disease, disseminated or recurrent.

There is, however, no consensus on the chemotherapy of choice because of the difficulty in drawing up protocols in view of the rarity of the tumor.


As an alternative to double differencing, it is possible to process undifferenced measurements and estimate the biases explicitly. It can be shown that the two solutions are mathematically identical under certain circumstances [27] . At the same time, it is not possible to uniquely isolate the integer nature of the ambiguities due to their exact linear correlation with the time delays of the oscillators and other hardware. The higher precision of the carrier phase can still be accessed by estimating a random constant bias in place of the ambiguity. However, accurately estimating such a parameter requires an extended convergence period.

It can be shown that the two solutions are mathematically identical under certain circumstances.


A key issue in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), including the Global Positioning System (GPS), is the isolation and estimation of the integer ambiguity of the carrier phase measurements. The carrier phase signals of any GNSS are approximately two orders of magnitude more precise than the primary pseudorange signals the systems provide. However, measurements of the carrier phases are ambiguous relative to those of the pseudoranges by an unknown number of integer cycles [20] . Resolution of these ambiguities converts the carrier phases into pseudorange measurements, with measurement noise at the centimeter-to-millimeterlevel compared to the decimeter-to-meter-level of the direct pseudoranges. The improvement in measurement precision is directly carried into the parameters estimated from the measurements.

However, measurements of the carrier phases are ambiguous relative to those of the pseudoranges by an unknown number of integer cycles.


Worldwide, an estimated 258,000 women die each year from pregnancy-related causes, with 99% of these deaths occurring in developing countries. Of these deaths, 87% occur in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where progress in reducing these deaths is slow with declines of 1% per year or less. While there have been recent gains, an estimated 6,400 women in Afghanistan still die each year from pregnancy-related causes. Maternal mortality is estimated at 460 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births [1] .

Maternal mortality is estimated at 460 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.


As classical Graphplan is both sound and complete, it finds a plan as long as at least one plan exists. This property makes FIP sound because FIP conducts search based on the weak plan from the classical Graphplan. As a result, FIP will not return any plan that is not a solution. Since FIP uses planning graphs to conduct a search, the size of the planning graph and the time required to expand it are polynomial in the size of the planning problem [1] . Several novel techniques, e.g., the use of weak plans to facilitate the final plan generation, proposition level ids serving as intuitive indicators for state transitions, etc., are devised to manipulate planning graphs to improve both the performance and the processing power.

Since FIP uses planning graphs to conduct a search, the size of the planning graph and the time required to expand it are polynomial in the size of the planning problem.


In our experiments, the bacterium was cultivated in synthetic-like wine medium (SWM) ethanol-containing in order to simulate the wine environment. In this conditions, the supplementation with the LMF at same concentration of wines produce a slight diminution in growth parameters of the bacterium. When the concentration of LMF of both wines increase four times in the SWM, the growth parameters were reduced dramatically. When the concentration of the assayed LMF was adjusted at 4X in SWM, only the presence of LMF-T produced the total loss of bacterium viability. This behavior could be explained by the higher concentration of phenolic compounds of LMF-T with respect to LMF-CS. The studies conducted to date about the inhibitory activity of wine phenolics compounds against LAB were performed utilizing the pure compounds in different growth conditions [6, 7, 20] . In this study the fraction of low molecular weight of wine that contains a complex mixture of pure compounds in different concentrations were for the first time utilized to carry out antibacterial experiments. From the results of antibacterial activity assay and electron microscopy is possible to conclude that, the inhibitory effect of phenolic fraction (LMF) at identical wine concentrations against P. pentosaceus, is not linked to an alteration of cell membrane in the assayed experimental conditions. On the other hand, when the concentration of phenolic compounds were adjusted at a concentration four and eight times higher than wine, it is possible to infer that the inhibitory activity could be associated, at least to a breakdown of the cell membrane, as showed in the electronic micrographs.

The studies conducted to date about the inhibitory activity of wine phenolics compounds against LAB were performed utilizing the pure compounds in different growth conditions.


This study reports new knowledge about the inactivation of P. pentosaceus 12p, strain that may affect wine organoleptic properties during winemaking, by low molecular weight phenolic compounds present in Argentinean wines. The development of new alternatives to the use of sulphites in enology is a current topic of great interest. Besides, the content of phenolic compounds of low molecular weight of Cafayate wines has been characterized for the first time in this study. Regarding the phenolic composition, flavonoid compounds were the most abundant fraction compared with non-flavonoids in the two varieties examined, as well as others reported by others authors [10, 18, 19] . The concentrations of hydroxibenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids detected are in agreement with the values reported by other authors for the same wine varieties [10] . The concentrations of these compounds are in larger extent in LMF-T with respect to LMF-CS, mainly gallic acid, ethyl gallate, trans-caftaric and trans-p-coumaric acids. Data published by other authors shows that the phenolic compounds with largest growth inhibitory activity against LAB from wine are the hydroxibenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids [5, 7, 20] .

Regarding the phenolic composition, flavonoid compounds were the most abundant fraction compared with non-flavonoids in the two varieties examined, as well as others reported by others authors.

The concentrations of hydroxibenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids detected are in agreement with the values reported by other authors for the same wine varieties.

Data published by other authors shows that the phenolic compounds with largest growth inhibitory activity against LAB from wine are the hydroxibenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids.


In this paper, we will attempt an initial exploration of these questions, by considering holographic c-functions and their generalization in black hole backgrounds, in the context of Lovelock theories of gravity [19, 20] . Our choice to focus on these theories stems from the fact that they have enough structure to distinguish between various kinds of central charges, or other quantities which would be degenerate in Einstein gravity; and yet are still amenable to a simple analytic treatment. The downside is that no known string theory embedding of these theories, although these theories seem to holographically capture a lot of interesting features of a realistic conformal field theory [21, 22, 23] . By examining the gravitational equations of motion in a class of black hole backgrounds, we will find that these can be recast as a flow equation for what we will denote as the N -function. This equation tells us how the N -function varies depending on the local "gravitational field". For domain-wall backgrounds describing vacuum RG flows, N directly provides a holographic c-function, for any Lovelock theory.

In this paper, we will attempt an initial exploration of these questions, by considering holographic c-functions and their generalization in black hole backgrounds, in the context of Lovelock theories of gravity.

The downside is that no known string theory embedding of these theories, although these theories seem to holographically capture a lot of interesting features of a realistic conformal field theory.


To assess the performance of the algorithms, we run several experiments over distinct scenarios. The first set of tests was performed using five different binary static datasets and the second was run applying a sliding-window approach in the datasets to simulate the data streams. Finally, some experiments were performed investigating the computational complexity of the algorithms using a standard and an optimized architecture. The following algorithms were implemented for comparison: BFO; BaCARO-II; GA; and CLONALG, as well as their stream versions sBFO; sBaCARO-II; sGA; and sCLONALG [59] . All algorithms were implemented in Java 1.7.0 95 over a GNU/Linux environment (Debian 3.16.7-ckt20-1). The experiments were run in an Intel Pentium5 Dual-core CPU t4500 @ 2.30GHz.

The following algorithms were implemented for comparison: BFO; BaCARO-II; GA; and CLONALG, as well as their stream versions sBFO; sBaCARO-II; sGA; and sCLONALG.


Bacterial colonies can be seen as complex adaptive systems that perform distributed information processing to solve complex problems, such as food acquisition, swarming mobility, and biofilm formation, among others. They use a collaborative system of chemical signals to explore the resources of a given environment and coordinate their social and behavioural tasks [1] . Bacteria can be found in distinct environments, ranging from hostile to more hospitable ones by applying different kinds of survival strategies to process self and environmental stimuli [2] .

They use a collaborative system of chemical signals to explore the resources of a given environment and coordinate their social and behavioural tasks.

Bacteria can be found in distinct environments, ranging from hostile to more hospitable ones by applying different kinds of survival strategies to process self and environmental stimuli.


More noteworthy is that the conception and utilization of Value-at-Risk (henceforth VaR) are designed to summarize the predicted maximum loss (or worst loss) over a target horizon within a given confidence interval (Jorion 2000) . The movements of extreme price could bring serious results to some corporations and cause disastrous consequences for financial markets, although these cases are rare 1 . To a risk manager, a good measure of market risk is more than necessary. As such, VaR was first used by major financial firms and has become the most popular measurement for the risks of trading portfolios since the late 1980s.

More noteworthy is that the conception and utilization of Value-at-Risk (henceforth VaR) are designed to summarize the predicted maximum loss (or worst loss) over a target horizon within a given confidence interval.


On the strength of the reasons mentioned above, we believe that the VaR is relevant as a risk factor and an appropriate risk measurement, and it could also provide a good explanatory power in stock return and stock market variation (Jorion 1996) . Another contribution of this paper is we fulfill the literature gap to examine whether the maximum potential loss measured by VaR plays a key role in explaining expected cross-sectional stock returns in Taiwan. Furthermore, this study also uses the Fama-French 3-factor model associated with VaR to investigate the cross-sectional variation at the firm level. The empirical results enrich our understanding of risk management and provide more evidence in emerging financial markets.

On the strength of the reasons mentioned above, we believe that the VaR is relevant as a risk factor and an appropriate risk measurement, and it could also provide a good explanatory power in stock return and stock market variation.


In principle, when an earthquake fault ruptures and propagates towards a site at a speed close to the shear wave velocity, the generated waves will arrive at the site at approximately the same time. This creates the cumulative effect of almost all of the seismic energy radiation from fault and generates a "distinct" velocity pulse within the ground motion time history, at a strike-normal direction [1] . Figure 1 portrays the three zones of directivity. The circle representing the epicenter and the black line indicates the fault. According to the model, site B (Figure 2 ) would experience a longer interval of the time interval between the arrivals of the waves; thus, the record at site B would have a long duration but not a velocity pulse. Intense velocity pulse usually occurs at the beginning of a record. Its occurrence is referred to as the FD effect. For more than a decade, the FD effect has been known to have potential to cause severe damage in a structure and in turn cause relatively severe elastic and inelastic responses in structures during certain periods. Figure 3 illustrates ground acceleration, velocity, and displacement time-history traces for the fault-normal component of a typical near-fault ground motion with FD (Northridge 1994 Rinaldi Receiving Station). As indicated particularly by the velocity and displacement traces, the record contains a large pulse within the time range from about 2 to 3 sec. To further comparison, a nonpulse record from the Northridge 1994, Century City CC North is also shown.

This creates the cumulative effect of almost all of the seismic energy radiation from fault and generates a "distinct" velocity pulse within the ground motion time history, at a strike-normal direction.


The heterogeneity in the herbs' composition is an aspect often neglected in the analysis of their drying and is the focus of this research. The aerial part of aromatic plants is composed by two main fractions, which are the leaves and the stems. Bioactive compounds may be found in both, therefore, for trading purposes, it is usual drying the whole branches [6] . Because every fraction has a particular shape and size with different physical properties, moisture content and chemical composition, the drying rates may be quite different under similar process conditions. This may lead to non-uniformly dehydrated products when the parts are dried together [7] . The adequate equilibrium conditions for storage may also differ for leaves and stems because the state of water is established by complex interactions between the solid matrix and the water [3] .

Bioactive compounds may be found in both, therefore, for trading purposes, it is usual drying the whole branches.

This may lead to non-uniformly dehydrated products when the parts are dried together.

The adequate equilibrium conditions for storage may also differ for leaves and stems because the state of water is established by complex interactions between the solid matrix and the water.


In the literature, it has been a perennial challenge to verify information flow security in concurrent programs. There is a lot of work on enforcing information flow security using type systems at the compiler level. Recently, it has been tried to deal with dynamic concepts of programs in type systems, but, because of the static nature, all the related work in this area has taken a restrictive approach. Static techniques have difficulty enforcing information flow security policies into concurrent programs. One of these difficulties is non-deterministic thread scheduling [6] . Information flow security depends on the scheduling policy in concurrent programs. A program which is secure under a particular scheduler may not be secure under another scheduler [6, 7] .

One of these difficulties is non-deterministic thread scheduling.

A program which is secure under a particular scheduler may not be secure under another scheduler.


Although stateful tools are powerful enough to verify sequential programs, they usually encounter the state space explosion problem during verification of parallel programs. Due to saving all the state space, when the concurrency level rises, we will face more complexity, and the state space will grow exponentially [9] . This is where stateless code model checking comes into use. This method does not need to save any program states. It is particularly suited to explore the state space of large programs, because precisely capturing all the essential states of a large program could be a daunting task [10, 19] .

Due to saving all the state space, when the concurrency level rises, we will face more complexity, and the state space will grow exponentially.

It is particularly suited to explore the state space of large programs, because precisely capturing all the essential states of a large program could be a daunting task.


Confidentiality is a key feature of computer applications such as Internet banking and authentication systems. Private data in such systems should be protected strictly. The key idea is that secret information should not be derivable from public data [1] . In a multi-level security system, data is processed in different security levels. In a scenario with two security levels, the low level is equal to public data and the high level is equal to private data. One security property of a program with a multi-level security policy is that information from a specified security level must not flow to a lower level [2] . The notion of information flow security is usually based on the non-interference property [3] . Non-interference is a model of the multi-level security policy, which intuitively means private data will not affect public data [4] . This property confirms that sensitive information is kept hidden while the program is running. It guarantees the initial values of the private variables have no effect on the final values of the public variables [2, 5] .

The key idea is that secret information should not be derivable from public data.

One security property of a program with a multi-level security policy is that information from a specified security level must not flow to a lower level.

The notion of information flow security is usually based on the non-interference property.

Non-interference is a model of the multi-level security policy, which intuitively means private data will not affect public data.

It guarantees the initial values of the private variables have no effect on the final values of the public variables.


Image-guided endoscopic coblation may be a safe and effective method for resection of intranasal portions of advance JNA tumors. Currently proposed methods are limited by the complex instrumentation for adequate debulking and prolonged concern for frequent and copious bleeding during the procedure. Our proposed method of resection using the Coblator II System in many cases may limit the need for multiple instruments and improve control of intraoperative hemorrhage. Additional studies are necessary to comprehensively evaluate further applications for coblator-assisted resection of JNA [17] .

Additional studies are necessary to comprehensively evaluate further applications for coblator-assisted resection of JNA.


With growing availability of various types of cloud services organizations are beginning to rely on external cloud providers to deliver a significant part of their IT infrastructure and software services. Cloud computing is associated with a number of well documented benefits that include the elimination of up-front costs, on-demand availability (characterized by up and down scalability and payper-use charging model), and a potential for overall cost reduction (Armbrust et al., 2009) . In this environment, end user organizations (service consumers) are mainly responsible for service integration and management, with the service provider responsible for most of the other IT related functions. An important challenge, in particular in situations where a large number of cloud providers are involved, relates to dealing with service evolution. In modern business environments characterized by rapid change and technology innovation, software services need to be continuously maintained and upgraded introducing new functionality. Services are often the subject of uncontrolled change as service providers implement functional enhancements and rectify defects (Papazoglou, Andrikopoulos et al. 2011) . As the complexity of service-oriented applications grows, it is becoming imperative to develop effective methods to manage service evolution and to ensure that service consumers are protected from service changes and outages. While most service providers attempt to carefully manage version releases and maintain backward compatibility between service versions, in practice changes that result in breaking consumer applications are inevitable. In some cases consumers of cloud services may be anonymous (i.e. not known to the service provider) making notification of changes difficult. Importantly, service consumers have no control over the provider service life-cycle and cannot predict when or how services will change. Consequently, service consumers suffer service disruptions and are forced to frequently upgrade their applications to maintain compatibility with new versions of services, resulting in ongoing maintenance costs.

Cloud computing is associated with a number of well documented benefits that include the elimination of up-front costs, on-demand availability (characterized by up and down scalability and payper-use charging model), and a potential for overall cost reduction.

Services are often the subject of uncontrolled change as service providers implement functional enhancements and rectify defects.


CH 4 and N 2 O emissions together comprise 38 % of the total global radiative forcing attributable to emissions of wellmixed greenhouse gases (Myhre et al., 2013) . N 2 O is also a major component of stratospheric chemical cycles, acting as the largest contributing species towards stratospheric ozone depletion, and predicted to remain so throughout the 21st century (Ravishankara et al., 2007) . CH 4 emissions can also lead to the formation of tropospheric ozone through reaction with OH radicals, leading to air quality issues associated with potentially dangerous respiratory problems in many cities across the world (Ebi and McGregor, 2008) .

CH 4 and N 2 O emissions together comprise 38 % of the total global radiative forcing attributable to emissions of wellmixed greenhouse gases.

N 2 O is also a major component of stratospheric chemical cycles, acting as the largest contributing species towards stratospheric ozone depletion, and predicted to remain so throughout the 21st century.

CH 4 emissions can also lead to the formation of tropospheric ozone through reaction with OH radicals, leading to air quality issues associated with potentially dangerous respiratory problems in many cities across the world.


While the Flemish institutional framework grew out of a (at least: suggested) common understanding of the concept of care farming amongst agricultural and health care agents, the concept has become subject to discursive complexity. The current stability of the institutional framework rests as much on the uncontested conceptualization of care farming as an innovative agricultural practice, as on the contested notion of it being a non-innovative care practice. Co-mediated by this institutional framework, dynamics between care farmers, care facilities, and clients have predominantly been characterized by cross-sectoral benefits from, and a growing interest in, care farming initiatives. At the same time, however, this institutional framework fails to support different initiatives that combine farms and green environments with social inclusion and care. Current care farming discourses do not suggest that agricultural and health care agents will soon collaborate to establish fundamental institutional and practical innovation, as present cross-sectoral dynamics inhibit rather than stimulate change [1, 11] .

Current care farming discourses do not suggest that agricultural and health care agents will soon collaborate to establish fundamental institutional and practical innovation, as present cross-sectoral dynamics inhibit rather than stimulate change.


In this paper we have studied to what extent and why Flemish care farming institutions and practices represent and foster cross-sectoral innovation. We discerned two distinct discourses and related discourse coalitions that informed Flemish institutions and practices. On the one hand, we found an agriculturalist coalition that shared a 'caring multifunctional farmer' discourse in which care farming was conceptualized as a socially sustainable practice that taps into professional farmers' innate inclination to provide care. On the other hand, we discerned a health care coalition that subscribed to a 'socialization of care' discourse and considered care farming one amongst other non-professional, socially inclusive care practices [15] . Both discourses informed the Flemish institutional framework, which principally recognizes and promotes care farming as an agricultural diversification strategy, and not as a distinct health care arrangement.

On the other hand, we discerned a health care coalition that subscribed to a 'socialization of care' discourse and considered care farming one amongst other non-professional, socially inclusive care practices.