copenlu/answerable_tydiqa huggingface dataset:
Johannes Kastaja




Johannes Kastaja (ortodoksisessa kirkossa Johannes Edelläkävijä) (kuollut n. 31–36; , muinaiskreikka: Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων, , Iōánnēs ho baptistḗs , , Ioann Krestitel, , yūḥannā l-maʿmadān) oli juutalainen opettaja, joka toimi Juudeassa ensimmäisen vuosisadan alkuvuosikymmeninä. Sekä Uuden testamentin evankeliumit että Koraani pitävät häntä profeettana. Kristityt pitävät häntä Vanhan testamentin viimeisessä kirjassa, Malakian kirjassa, ennustettuna Jumalan lähettämänä Eliana[1][2] ja samalla Jeesuksen edelläkävijänä. Johannes Kastaja mainitaan evankelista Luukkaan Apostolien teoissa[3] ja kaikissa neljässä Uuden Testamentin evankeliumeissa, joissa Jeesus kutsuu Johannesta suurimmaksi naisista syntyneistä.[4][5][6][7] Herodes Antipaan kerrotaan teloittaneen Johannes Kastajan vaimonsa Herodiaan tyttären pyynnöstä.[8]

Question: Miten Johannes Kastaja kuoli?
Answer: Herodes Antipaan kerrotaan teloittaneen Johannes Kastaja

Johannes Kastaja

Citation error, replace with{{cite book| author = Eusebios Aleksandrialainen| title = Johannes Edelläkävijän laskeutuminen tuonelaan| others = Translated by muinaisvenäjästä Johannes Seppälä| location = Vantaa| publisher = Ortokirja| year = 1980| version = Suomennos kokoelmasta Uspenskij sbornik| isbn = 951-95564-7-8| language = (in Finnish)}}
Citation error, replace with{{cite book| author = Sergei Bulgakov| title = The Friend of the Bridegroom: on the Orthodox Veneration of the Forerunner| location = Grand Rapids, Mich.| publisher = Eerdman| year = 2003| isbn = 0-8028-4979-2| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}}
Citation error, replace with{{cite book| author = Catherine M. Murphy| title = John the Baptist: prophet of purity for a new age| location = Collegeville (Minn.)| publisher = Liturgical Press| year = 2003| isbn = 0-8146-5933-0| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}}
Citation error, replace with{{cite book| author = Hilkka Seppälä| title = Johannes Edelläkävijän ja Kastajan ikonit| location = Kuopio| publisher = Ortodoksinen kirkkomuseo| year = 1976| isbn = 951-9396-00-4| language = (in Finnish)}}

Question: Miten Johannes Kastaja kuoli?
ブライアン・メイ

ブライアン・ハロルド・メイ（Brian Harold May CBE, 1947年7月19日 - ）は、イギリスのミュージシャン、また天文学者（天体物理学博士）。ロックバンド・クイーンのギタリストであり、自作のギター「レッド・スペシャル」とピックの代わりに使用する硬貨により独特の音色を奏でるギタリストとして有名である。また自作の曲ではリード・ヴォーカルを取ることもある。ミドルセックス州の出身。

Question: ブライアン・ハロルド・メイの出身はどこ
Answer: ミドルセックス州

ブライアン・メイ

2004年から2009年にかけては、元フリー、バッド・カンパニーのボーカリストであるポール・ロジャースと組んで「クイーン+ポール・ロジャース」として活動、2008年にはオリジナル・アルバム『ザ・コスモス・ロックス』を発表した。

Question: ブライアン・ハロルド・メイの出身はどこ
حديقة بلتشلي

حديقة بلتشلي  كما تعرف باسم المحطة إكس  هي حديقة موجودة في مدينة بلتشلي في ميلتون كاينس، بريطانيا.[1][2][3] خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية كانت حديقة بلتشلي المقر الرئيسي لعمليات فك الشيفرة في المملكة المتحدة. تم تحليل وفك تعمية الكثير من الشيفرات السرية لدول المحور في تلك الحديقة وأشهر هذه الشيفرات هي الشيفرة السرية من آلة إنجما الألمانية. تم إطلاق تسمية ألترا على الاستخبارات العالية المستوى في حديقة بلتشلي. كما يعزى لها فضل مساعدة قوات الحلفاء في تقصير زمن الحرب.

Question: أين تقع حديقة بلتشلي؟
Answer: بلتشلي في ميلتون كاينس، بريطانيا

حديقة بلتشلي

The Enigma
cipher machine

Enigma machine
Enigma rotors
Breaking Enigma
Polish Cipher Bureau
Doubles
Grill
Clock
Cyclometer
Bomba
Zygalski sheets
Bletchley Park
Banburismus
Herivel tip
Crib
Bombe
Hut 3
Hut 6
Hut 8
PC Bruno
Cadix
Ultra
vt

Question: أين تقع حديقة بلتشلي؟
సచిన్ (నటుడు)

ఆయన హా మజా మార్గ్ ఏక్లా (1962) అనే మరాఠీ చలనచిత్రంతో బాల నటుడిగా నటజీవితాన్ని ప్రారంభించారు, ఆ తరువాత సుమారుగా 65 సినిమాల్లో బాల నటుడిగా వివిధ పాత్రలు పోషించారు, వయోజన పాత్రల్లోకి అడుగుపెట్టిన తరువాత ప్రధాన పాత్రధారిగా గీత్ గాతా చల్ (1975), బాలికా బధు (1976), ఆంఖియోన్ కే జరోఖోన్ సే (1978), మరియు నదియా కే పార్ (1982) వంటి విజయవంతమైన చిత్రాల్లో నటించారు. హిందీ, మరాఠీ మరియు భోజ్‌పురి చలనచిత్ర రంగాల్లో ఆయన పనిచేశారు,[1] తు తు మై మై (2000) మరియు కాద్వీ ఖట్టి మీఠీ సహా భారతీయ బుల్లితెరపై విజయవంతమైన హాస్య కార్యక్రమాలకు నటుడిగా, నిర్మాతగా మరియు దర్శకుడిగా వ్యవహరించారు. అంతేకాకుండా ఆయన పలు విజయవంతమైన మరాఠీ చలనచిత్రాలకు దర్శకుడి ఉన్నారు[2][3], మై బాప్ (1982),  నవ్రీ మిలే నవర్యాలా (1984),  ఆషి హి బాన్వా బాన్వీ (1988),  అమచ్‌యాసర్ఖే ఆమిచ్ (1990) మరియు  నవ్రా మజా నవ్‌సచా (2004) తదితర చిత్రాలకు దర్శకత్వం వహించారు.[4]

Question: సచిన్ పిలగావ్‌కర్ మొదటి చిత్రం ఏది ?
Answer: హా మజా మార్గ్ ఏక్లా (1962)

సచిన్ (నటుడు)

సచిన్ పిలగావ్‌కర్ మహారాష్ట్రలోని ముంబయి నగరంలో ఒక కొంకణి గౌడ్ సరస్వత్ బ్రాహ్మణ కుటుంబంలో జన్మించారు. ఆయన పూర్వికులు గోవా ప్రాంతానికి చెందినవారు.

Question: సచిన్ పిలగావ్‌కర్ జన్మస్థలం ఏది ?
Answer: మహారాష్ట్రలోని ముంబయి

సచిన్ (నటుడు)

80వ దశకం నుంచి సచిన్ మరాఠీ చలనచిత్రాలకు దర్శకత్వం వహిస్తున్నారు. విమర్శకుల ప్రశంసలు అందుకున్న మై బాప్ (1982) చలనచిత్రంతో ఆయన దర్శకత్వం ప్రారంభించారు, అయితే కలెక్షన్‌లుపరంగా మొదటి విజయాన్ని మాత్రం 1984నాటి నవ్రీ మిలే నవర్యాలా తో దక్కించుకున్నారు, తరువాత ఆయన వివాహం చేసుకున్న సుప్రియా దీనిలో నటించారు. గమ్మత్ జమ్మత్ మరియు మజా పాటీ కరోడ్‌పతి వంటి చలనచిత్రాలు మరాఠీ చలనచిత్ర పరిశ్రమలో ఆయన స్థానాన్ని పదిలపరిచాయి. ఇదిలా ఉంటే 1988లో ఆషి హి బాన్వా బాన్వి చలనచిత్రంలో పెద్ద విజయాన్ని సొంతం చేసుకున్నారు, దీనిలో ఇద్దరు ప్రస్తుత మరాఠీ చలనచిత్ర రంగ సూపర్‌స్టార్‌లు అశోక్ సరఫ్ మరియు లక్ష్మీకాంత్ బెర్డేలతోపాటు ఆయన కూడా నటించారు. ఈ చలనచిత్రం భారీ విజయం సొంతం చేసుకుంది, దీంతో సచిన్ విజయానికి చిరునామాగా ప్రత్యేక గుర్తింపు పొందారు. ఆయన తరువాత ప్రయోగాత్మక చలనచిత్రాలవైపు దృష్టి సారించారు, తరువాతి రెండు చలనచిత్రాలలో దీనికి సంబంధించిన ప్రయోగాలు చేశారు, అయితే తిరిగి హాస్యప్రధాన అంచ్యాసర్కే ఆహిచ్ చలనచిత్రాన్ని రూపొందించారు, ఈ చిత్రం కూడా విజయవంతమైంది.[4]

Question: సచిన్ పిలగావ్‌కర్ దర్శకత్వం వహించిన మొదటి చిత్రం ఏది ?
Answer: మై బాప్ (1982)

సచిన్ (నటుడు)

80వ దశకం నుంచి సచిన్ మరాఠీ చలనచిత్రాలకు దర్శకత్వం వహిస్తున్నారు. విమర్శకుల ప్రశంసలు అందుకున్న మై బాప్ (1982) చలనచిత్రంతో ఆయన దర్శకత్వం ప్రారంభించారు, అయితే కలెక్షన్‌లుపరంగా మొదటి విజయాన్ని మాత్రం 1984నాటి నవ్రీ మిలే నవర్యాలా తో దక్కించుకున్నారు, తరువాత ఆయన వివాహం చేసుకున్న సుప్రియా దీనిలో నటించారు. గమ్మత్ జమ్మత్ మరియు మజా పాటీ కరోడ్‌పతి వంటి చలనచిత్రాలు మరాఠీ చలనచిత్ర పరిశ్రమలో ఆయన స్థానాన్ని పదిలపరిచాయి. ఇదిలా ఉంటే 1988లో ఆషి హి బాన్వా బాన్వి చలనచిత్రంలో పెద్ద విజయాన్ని సొంతం చేసుకున్నారు, దీనిలో ఇద్దరు ప్రస్తుత మరాఠీ చలనచిత్ర రంగ సూపర్‌స్టార్‌లు అశోక్ సరఫ్ మరియు లక్ష్మీకాంత్ బెర్డేలతోపాటు ఆయన కూడా నటించారు. ఈ చలనచిత్రం భారీ విజయం సొంతం చేసుకుంది, దీంతో సచిన్ విజయానికి చిరునామాగా ప్రత్యేక గుర్తింపు పొందారు. ఆయన తరువాత ప్రయోగాత్మక చలనచిత్రాలవైపు దృష్టి సారించారు, తరువాతి రెండు చలనచిత్రాలలో దీనికి సంబంధించిన ప్రయోగాలు చేశారు, అయితే తిరిగి హాస్యప్రధాన అంచ్యాసర్కే ఆహిచ్ చలనచిత్రాన్ని రూపొందించారు, ఈ చిత్రం కూడా విజయవంతమైంది.[4]

Question: సచిన్ పిలగావ్‌కర్ మొదటి చిత్రం ఏది ?
సచిన్ (నటుడు)

ఆయన హా మజా మార్గ్ ఏక్లా (1962) అనే మరాఠీ చలనచిత్రంతో బాల నటుడిగా నటజీవితాన్ని ప్రారంభించారు, ఆ తరువాత సుమారుగా 65 సినిమాల్లో బాల నటుడిగా వివిధ పాత్రలు పోషించారు, వయోజన పాత్రల్లోకి అడుగుపెట్టిన తరువాత ప్రధాన పాత్రధారిగా గీత్ గాతా చల్ (1975), బాలికా బధు (1976), ఆంఖియోన్ కే జరోఖోన్ సే (1978), మరియు నదియా కే పార్ (1982) వంటి విజయవంతమైన చిత్రాల్లో నటించారు. హిందీ, మరాఠీ మరియు భోజ్‌పురి చలనచిత్ర రంగాల్లో ఆయన పనిచేశారు,[1] తు తు మై మై (2000) మరియు కాద్వీ ఖట్టి మీఠీ సహా భారతీయ బుల్లితెరపై విజయవంతమైన హాస్య కార్యక్రమాలకు నటుడిగా, నిర్మాతగా మరియు దర్శకుడిగా వ్యవహరించారు. అంతేకాకుండా ఆయన పలు విజయవంతమైన మరాఠీ చలనచిత్రాలకు దర్శకుడి ఉన్నారు[2][3], మై బాప్ (1982),  నవ్రీ మిలే నవర్యాలా (1984),  ఆషి హి బాన్వా బాన్వీ (1988),  అమచ్‌యాసర్ఖే ఆమిచ్ (1990) మరియు  నవ్రా మజా నవ్‌సచా (2004) తదితర చిత్రాలకు దర్శకత్వం వహించారు.[4]

Question: సచిన్ పిలగావ్‌కర్ జన్మస్థలం ఏది ?

సచిన్ (నటుడు)

రాజశ్రీ ప్రొడక్షన్స్ నిర్మించిన గీత్ గాతా చల్ చలనచిత్రంతో కొద్దికాలం సచిన్ ప్రధాన పాత్రలు పోషించడం ప్రారంభించారు. ఈ చలనచిత్రంలో ఆయనకు జంటగా సారికా నటించారు, ఈ చలనచిత్రం అనూహ్య విజయం సాధించడంతో ఇతర చిత్రాల్లో వీరు ప్రధాన జంటగా మారారు. బాలికా బధు (1976), కాలేజ్ గర్ల్ మరియు రాజశ్రీ ప్రొడక్షన్స్ ఆంఖియోన్ కే జారోఖోన్ సే మరియు నదియా కే పార్ చలనచిత్రాల్లో ఆయన ప్రధాన నటుడి పాత్ర పోషించారు.

Question: సచిన్ పిలగావ్‌కర్ దర్శకత్వం వహించిన మొదటి చిత్రం ఏది ?
ريحان

الرَّيْحَان، جمعه رَيَاحينُ ومعناه وفقاً لمعاجم اللغة العربية الرّحمة والرِّزق، والرّيحان اسم يُطلق على كل نبات طيب الرائحة[5][8][9]، ويُسمّى هذا النبات أيضاً بالحَبق، والفعل حبَقَ يَحبِق، حَبْقًا، فهو حابِق، والمفعول مَحْبوق، ومصدره حبق، ويعني الضّرب بالجريد أو الحبل أو السوط ويأتي أيضاً بمعنى إخراج الريح[10]. أطلق عليه المصريون القدماء اسم ست أو شامو، وأطلق عليه أهل العراق والشام اسم الحبق، وفي الغرب يُسمّى الآس أما في اليمن فيُسمّى الحابي أو الرعاوز.[7] كما يُعرف بعدّة أسماء أخرى، منها: ورق المشموم، ريحان الحماحم، بادروج، حوك، شامسفرم[11]، وتسمى تولسي في الهند.[12]

Question: ما معنى الرَّيْحَان وفقاً لمعاجم اللغة العربية؟
Answer: الرّحمة والرِّزق

ريحان

استعمل الريحان لقرون كمركب هام في الأيورفيدا، كما استعمله الأوروبيّون في القرن السابع عشر الميلادي الريحان لعلاج نزلات البرد والثآليل والبثور والديدان المعوية،[15] وأيضاً زرعه الفرنسيون داخل منازلهم لطرد الذباب والحشرات.[7][16]

Question: ما معنى الرَّيْحَان وفقاً لمعاجم اللغة العربية؟
Peace Candle

The Peace Candle has undergone several changes and variations over the last 58 years.[9] The current candle was built in 1990,[10] and is expected to last until about 2014, after which time Easton officials expect to build a new one.[4][5] As of 2009, the central main candle stands 94-foot (29m), and the base brings it to about 106-foot (32m).[9] It reaches a height of about 118-foot (36m) above ground level when factoring the monument it rests atop.[8] When the candle is assembled, several 8-foot (2.4m) by 8-foot by 10-foot (3.0m) box pieces are placed around the Soldiers' & Sailors' Monument, a Civil War memorial in Centre Square, the town square of Easton's Downtown neighborhood.[9] Made from marine-grade plywood and galvanized steel,[5] the box pieces are stacked vertically until the structure is assembled, and then bolted together using about 500 bolts inside the Peace Candle. The flame placed atop the candle is about 15-foot (4.6m) high and illuminated with 31 bulbs. The entire structure weighs between eight and 10 tons. The main candle is surrounded by four, 15-foot (4.6m) high side candles, and a fountain that surrounds the Peace Candle's base is filled with a ring of Christmas trees.[9]

Question: What is the Peace Candle made out of?
Answer: marine-grade plywood and galvanized steel

Peace Candle

The Peace Candle was first erected in 1951, and has been put up almost every year since then.[3] Due to damage or disrepair, the Peace Candle has been replaced with new candle structures twice since the original construction. The first candle lasted until 1968, the second candle from 1969 to 1989, and the current candle was built in 1990 and is expected to last until around 2014.[4][5] The structure is dedicated to the Easton area men and women who have served or are serving in the United States armed forces.[6]

Question: When did The Peace Candle first start?
Answer: 1951

Peace Candle

In 1990, the city released a china plate with the Peace Candle along with a Christmas tree, which was meant to symbolize the first tree in the nation, which was believed to have been erected in Easton in 1816.[85] During the 2000 holiday season, the Easton Holiday Committee produced and sold commemorative plates marking the 50th anniversary of the Peace Candle, which included a painting of the structure by local artist Preston Hindmarch. They were sold for $32 along with ceramic ornaments of the Easton eatery Colonial Pizza, which sold for $22.[59] Over the years, Christmas cards depicting the Peace Candle have continued to be used as a means of raising funds for the structure.[86]

Question: What is the Peace Candle made out of?
Peace Candle

In 1961, the Christmas Candle fell into a state of disrepair, and the contractors who assemble the candle for discounted prices in previous years informed the city they could not handle the project again. The Easton Area Christmas Committee also had trouble raising additional money needed for the repairs, For all these reasons, they decided not to assemble the candle again.[12][31] The candle was placed into storage at an old incinerator plant on Pennsylvania Route 611,[12] and the Easton Area Christmas Committee sought alternative decorations for its holiday program. In 1961, 24 streams of multi-colored Christmas light strands (totaling 2,650 bulbs) were draped from the top of the monument to the edges of Centre Square, creating an umbrella-like shape of lights.[24][31] More than 200 Christmas Trees were also placed around the base of the monument, along with a nativity scene and Christmas light decorations on the nearby bridges. The set-up cost only $2,000, compared to the average $3,000 for the Christmas Candle display.[31] This display was used for the next five years, and the decorations around the Soldiers' & Sailors' Monument came to be known as "the umbrella of Christmas lights".[32]

Question: When did The Peace Candle first start?
Serbuan Yuan-Mongol ke Jawa

Serbuan Yuan-Mongol ke Jawa adalah invasi Kekaisaran Tiongkok-Mongol di bawah Dinasti Yuan ke tanah Jawadwipa (pulau Jawa sekarang). Pada tahun 1293, Kubilai Khan, Khan Agung Kekaisaran Mongol dan pendiri Dinasti Yuan, mengirim invasi besar ke pulau Jawa dengan 20,000[1] sampai 30,000 tentara. Ini adalah ekspedisi untuk menghukum Raja Kertanegara dari Kerajaan Singhasari, yang menolak membayar upeti dan bahkan melukai utusan Mongol.

Question: Dimana letak Jawadwipa?
Answer: pulau Jawa sekarang

Serbuan Yuan-Mongol ke Jawa

Serbuan Yuan-Mongol ke Jawa adalah invasi Kekaisaran Tiongkok-Mongol di bawah Dinasti Yuan ke tanah Jawadwipa (pulau Jawa sekarang). Pada tahun 1293, Kubilai Khan, Khan Agung Kekaisaran Mongol dan pendiri Dinasti Yuan, mengirim invasi besar ke pulau Jawa dengan 20,000[1] sampai 30,000 tentara. Ini adalah ekspedisi untuk menghukum Raja Kertanegara dari Kerajaan Singhasari, yang menolak membayar upeti dan bahkan melukai utusan Mongol.

Question: Kapan Serbuan Yuan-Mongol ke Jawa terjadi?
Answer: 1293

Serbuan Yuan-Mongol ke Jawa

Tiga jenderal Yuan, kehilangan semangat karena terusir dari tanah Jawadwipa dan kehilangan banyak prajurit elit, akhirnya kembali ke Tiongkok bersama sisa pasukan yang selamat. Mengetahui bahwa pasukannya gagal, Kubilai Khan menjadi sangat marah. Dia menghukum Shi-bi dengan 70 cambukan dan menyita sepertiga harta kekayaannya karena kegagalan yang menimpa pasukannya. Ike Mese juga dihukum dan sepertiga harta kekayaannya disita. Sementara Gaoxing mengalami nasib yang berbeda, dia dihadiahi 50 tael emas karena melindungi pasukan dari kehancuran total. Di kemudian hari, Shi-bi dan Ike Mese dimaafkan, dan kaisar mengembalikan reputasi serta harta kekayaan mereka.[11]

Question: Dimana letak Jawadwipa?

Serbuan Yuan-Mongol ke Jawa


Kublai memilih pasukan dari Tiongkok Selatan, karena mereka memakai baju perang ringan. Baju perang ringan dianggap lebih cocok di Jawa, yang merupakan negara tropis, sementara unit berzirah berat tidak cocok, seperti yang dicatat oleh Khan sendiri. Jumlah kepemilikan baju besi tentara Yuan yang baru hanya 20%, dan tentara dari Tiongkok Utara sedikit lebih dari itu. Mereka memiliki banyak busur dan perisai, dan mereka juga memiliki banyak penembak, para infanteri berbaju besi penjaga belakang mereka dipersenjatai dengan tombak dan kapak yang berat. Tentara Mongolia juga membawa kuda. Sejarah Yuan juga menyebutkan penggunaan senjata bubuk mesiu, meskipun jenis yang digunakan tidak diketahui.[5] Jenis kapal yang digunakan tidak disebutkan dalam Yuan shi, tetapi Worcester memperkirakan kapal jung Dinasti Yuan memiliki lebar 11 meter dan panjang lebih dari 30 m. Dengan perbandingan jumlah kapal dan jumlah prajurit, setiap kapal kemungkinan dapat membawa 20-30 orang.[6]

Question: Kapan Serbuan Yuan-Mongol ke Jawa terjadi?
కావలిపల్లె

జనాభా (2001) - మొత్తం 	563 - పురుషుల 	273 - స్త్రీల 	290 - గృహాల సంఖ్య 	134 సముద్ర మట్టమునుండి ఎత్తు.458 meters. విస్తీర్ణము 437 హెక్టార్లు. భాష. తెలుగు.
జనాభా (2011) - మొత్తం 	632 - పురుషుల 	310 - స్త్రీల 	322 - గృహాల సంఖ్య 	160

Question: 2011 నాటికి కావలిపల్లె గ్రామంలో మహిళల సంఖ్య ఎంత?
Answer: 322

కావలిపల్లె

ఈ గ్రామం ఈ కింది వస్తువులను ఉత్పత్తి చేస్తోంది (పై నుంచి కిందికి తగ్గుతున్న క్రమంలో):
చెరకు, బెల్లం, వేరుశనగ
వర్గం:చిత్తూరు వర్గం:పీలేరు మండలం లోని గ్రామాలు) వర్గం:జిల్లా గ్రామాలు)  

Question: 2011 నాటికి కావలిపల్లె గ్రామంలో మహిళల సంఖ్య ఎంత?
ระบบรู้กลิ่น

ระบบรับกลิ่นจะอาศัยหน่วยรับกลิ่น (olfactory receptor) ซึ่งเป็นโปรตีนหน่วยรับความรู้สึกแบบ G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) และอาศัยกระบวนการส่งสัญญาณทางเคมีที่เกิดตามลำดับภายในเซลล์ซึ่งเรียกว่า second messenger system เพื่อถ่ายโอนข้อมูลกลิ่นเป็นกระแสประสาท หน่วยรับกลิ่นจะแสดงออกอยู่ที่เซลล์ประสาทรับกลิ่นในเยื่อรับกลิ่นในโพรงจมูก เมื่อหน่วยรับกลิ่นต่าง ๆ ทำงานในระดับที่สมควร เซลล์ประสาทก็จะสร้างศักยะงานส่งไปยังส่วนต่าง ๆ ของระบบประสาทกลางเริ่มตั้งแต่ป่องรับกลิ่น ซึ่งก็จะมีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมเป็นต้นของสัตว์[3]

Question: ระบบรู้กลิ่นของมนุษย์อยู่ที่ส่วนใดของร่างกาย?
Answer: โพรงจมูก

ระบบรู้กลิ่น

นักเคมีเกี่ยวกับกลิ่นก็ประเมินว่า มนุษย์อาจสามารถแยกแยะกลิ่นระเหยได้ถึง 10,000 รูปแบบ โดยที่ผู้เชี่ยวชาญเกี่ยวกับของหอมอาจแยกแยะกลิ่นได้ถึง 5,000 ชนิด และผู้เชี่ยวชาญเกี่ยวกับไวน์อาจแยกแยะส่วนผสมได้ถึง 100 อย่าง[2]
โดยสามารถรู้กลิ่นต่าง ๆ ในระดับความเข้มข้นต่าง ๆ กัน เช่น สามารถรู้สารกลิ่นหลักของพริกชี้ฟ้า คือ 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine ในอากาศที่มีความเข้มข้น 0.01 นาโนโมล ซึ่งประมาณเท่ากับ 1 โมเลกุลต่อ 1,000 ล้านโมเลกุลของอากาศ สามารถรู้กลิ่นเอทานอลที่ความเข้มข้น 2 มิลลิโมล
และสามารถรู้กลิ่นโครงสร้างทางเคมีที่ต่างกันเล็กน้อยในระดับโมเลกุล เช่น กลิ่นของ D-carvone จะต่างจากของ L-carvone โดยมีกลิ่นเหมือนกับเทียนตากบและมินต์ตามลำดับ[4]

Question: นักเคมีเกี่ยวกับกลิ่นได้ประเมินว่า มนุษย์อาจสามารถแยกแยะกลิ่นระเหยได้ถึงกี่รูปแบบ?
Answer: 10,000

ระบบรู้กลิ่น

ระบบรับกลิ่นจะอาศัยหน่วยรับกลิ่น (olfactory receptor) ซึ่งเป็นโปรตีนหน่วยรับความรู้สึกแบบ G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) และอาศัยกระบวนการส่งสัญญาณทางเคมีที่เกิดตามลำดับภายในเซลล์ซึ่งเรียกว่า second messenger system เพื่อถ่ายโอนข้อมูลกลิ่นเป็นกระแสประสาท หน่วยรับกลิ่นจะแสดงออกอยู่ที่เซลล์ประสาทรับกลิ่นในเยื่อรับกลิ่นในโพรงจมูก เมื่อหน่วยรับกลิ่นต่าง ๆ ทำงานในระดับที่สมควร เซลล์ประสาทก็จะสร้างศักยะงานส่งไปยังส่วนต่าง ๆ ของระบบประสาทกลางเริ่มตั้งแต่ป่องรับกลิ่น ซึ่งก็จะมีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมเป็นต้นของสัตว์[3]

Question: ระบบรับกลิ่นจะอาศัยหน่วยรับกลิ่น  ซึ่งเป็นโปรตีนหน่วยรับความรู้สึกแบบใด?
Answer: G protein coupled receptor

ระบบรู้กลิ่น

ข้อมูลกลิ่นจะส่งไปยังเปลือกสมองส่วนรับกลิ่น (olfactory cortex) ซึ่งก็จะส่งข้อมูลต่อไปยัง orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
โดยเป็นเขตที่เชื่อว่าสำคัญต่อการแยกแยะกลิ่นเพราะคนไข้ที่ OFC เสียหายจะไม่สามารถแยกแยะกลิ่นได้ นอกจากนั้น ยังปรากฏว่า OFC ได้รับสัญญาณจากประสาทสัมผัสอื่น ๆ ยกตัวอย่างเช่น มันอาจตอบสนองต่อการเห็น การได้กลิ่น และรสชาติของกล้วย[47]

Question: ระบบรู้กลิ่นของมนุษย์อยู่ที่ส่วนใดของร่างกาย?

ระบบรู้กลิ่น

ส่วน anterior olfactory nucleus จะเป็นตัวแจกจ่ายกระแสประสาทกลับไปกลับมาระหว่างป่องรับกลิ่นและ piriform cortex[35]
และเป็นศูนย์ความจำของกลิ่น[36]

Question: นักเคมีเกี่ยวกับกลิ่นได้ประเมินว่า มนุษย์อาจสามารถแยกแยะกลิ่นระเหยได้ถึงกี่รูปแบบ?

ระบบรู้กลิ่น

โรคฮันติงตันยังสัมพันธ์กับปัญหาในการระบุ การตรวจจับ การแยกแยะ และความจำเกี่ยวกับกลิ่น
ปัญหาจะปรากฏอย่างแพร่หลายเริ่มเมื่อองค์ประกอบทางฟีโนไทป์ของโรคปรากฏขึ้น แม้จะไม่รู้ว่าปัญหาการได้กลิ่นจะเกิดก่อนนานแค่ไหนก่อนการแสดงออกทางฟีโนไทป์[63]

Question: ระบบรับกลิ่นจะอาศัยหน่วยรับกลิ่น  ซึ่งเป็นโปรตีนหน่วยรับความรู้สึกแบบใด?
Гробница Тутанхамона


Гробница Тутанхамона (KV62 English: Kings' Valley No. 62) — древнеегипетская гробница в Долине Царей, в которой в ходе раскопок Говардом Картером и археологом-любителем лордом Джорджем Карнарвоном в 1922 году была обнаружена мумия фараона Тутанхамона, скончавшегося около 1327 года до н. э.[~ 1] Открытие гробницы стало одним из крупнейших событий в истории египтологии и мировой археологии[1]; гробница одна из немногих, сохранивших наиболее ценные артефакты, несмотря на то, что её дважды грабили расхитители.

Question: Когда была обнаружена Гробница Тутанхамона?
Answer: 1922

Гробница Тутанхамона


Ковчеги Тутанхамона
Четвёртый золотой ковчег с катафалком в Каирском музее (JE 60664)
Уроборос на втором внутреннем ковчеге (копия). Оригинал выставлен в Каирском музее (JE 60660)
Копия саркофага Тутанхамона с изображением богини Нейт
Копии саркофагов Тутанхамона.
Третий саркофаг из листового золота


Question: Когда была обнаружена Гробница Тутанхамона?
Список самых высоких зданий Сан-Франциско

В американском городе Сан-Франциско насчитывается более 370 высотных зданий, из которых 44 имеют высоту более 122 метров. Самое высокое здание города — пирамида «Трансамерика», высота которого составляет 260 метров[1]; оно является 35-м по высоте зданием в США. Второе по высоте здание в городе — здание по Калифорния-стрит, 555, известное также как здание «Банка Америки»[2].

Question: Как называется самое высокое здание Сан-Франциско?
Answer: пирамида «Трансамерика»

Список самых высоких зданий Сан-Франциско

Список включает небоскрёбы Сан-Франциско с высотой более 122 метров. В высоту здания включаются шпили и иные архитектурные формы, но не включаются антенны. Знак «=» после разряда указывает на равную высоту зданий.

Question: Как называется самое высокое здание Сан-Франциско?
American Horror Story

The first season, retroactively subtitled Murder House, takes place in Los Angeles, California, during the year 2011, and centers on a family that moves into a house haunted by its deceased former occupants. The second season, subtitled Asylum, takes place in Massachusetts during the year 1964, and follows the stories of the patients and staff of an institution for the criminally insane. The third season, subtitled Coven, takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana, during the year 2013, and follows a coven of witches who face off against those who wish to destroy them. The fourth season, subtitled Freak Show, takes place in Jupiter, Florida, during the year 1952, and centers around one of the last remaining American freak shows and their struggle for survival. The fifth season, subtitled Hotel, takes place in Los Angeles, California, during the year 2015, and focuses on the staff and guests of a supernatural hotel. The sixth season, subtitled Roanoke, takes place in North Carolina during the years 2014–2016, and focuses on the paranormal events that take place at an isolated farmhouse haunted by the deceased Roanoke colony. The seventh season, subtitled Cult, takes place in the fictional suburb of Brookfield Heights, Michigan, during the year 2017, and centers on a cult terrorizing the residents in the aftermath of the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The eighth season, subtitled Apocalypse, takes place in California during the years 2018-2021 and features the return of the witches from Coven as they battle the Antichrist from Murder House and attempt to prevent the apocalypse.

Question: Where does the story of American Horror Story: Murder House take place?
Answer: Los Angeles, California

American Horror Story

The series premiered on October 5, 2011, and is broadcast on the cable television channel FX in the United States. In November 2011, it premiered internationally on the respective countries' Fox Networks Group. The first season premiered on October 5, 2011, and concluded on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The eighth season premiered on September 12, 2018 and concluded on November 14, 2018. Seasons 5-7 premiered on the same day and same time with the American broadcasts on FX in Canada, though the first season followed a slightly different schedule as that network launched on October 31, 2011. The series is aired in India on STAR World Premiere HD shortly after its U.S. airing. Along with it, it airs on FX India on standard definition.

Question: When was the series American Horror Story first aired?
Answer: October 5, 2011