Question: What is the basis of chemistry?
About the article "Chemistry", section "Atom".

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Chemistry is typically divided into several major sub-disciplines.
There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized fields of chemistry.
Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure.
Analytical chemistry incorporates standardized experimental methods in chemistry.
These methods may be used in all subdisciplines of chemistry, excluding purely theoretical chemistry.
Biochemistry is the study of the chemicals, chemical reactions and chemical interactions that take place in living organisms.
Biochemistry and organic chemistry are closely related, as in medicinal chemistry or neurochemistry.
Biochemistry is also associated with molecular biology and genetics.
Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds.
The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry.
Materials chemistry is the preparation, characterization, and understanding of substances with a useful function.
The field is a new breadth of study in graduate programs, and it integrates elements from all classical areas of chemistry with a focus on fundamental issues that are unique to materials.
Primary systems of study include the chemistry of condensed phases (solids, liquids, polymers) and interfaces between different phases.
Neurochemistry is the study of neurochemicals; including transmitters, peptides, proteins, lipids, sugars, and nucleic acids; their interactions, and the roles they play in forming, maintaining, and modifying the nervous system.
Nuclear chemistry is the study of how subatomic particles come together and make nuclei.
Modern Transmutation is a large component of nuclear chemistry, and the table of nuclides is an important result and tool for this field.
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and reactions of organic compounds.
An organic compound is defined as any compound based on a carbon skeleton.
Physical chemistry is the study of the physical and fundamental basis of chemical systems and processes.
In particular, the energetics and dynamics of such systems and processes are of interest to physical chemists.
Important areas of study include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, electrochemistry, statistical mechanics, spectroscopy, and more recently, astrochemistry.
Physical chemistry has large overlap with molecular physics.
Physical chemistry involves the use of infinitesimal calculus in deriving equations.
It is usually associated with quantum chemistry and theoretical chemistry.
Physical chemistry is a distinct discipline from chemical physics, but again, there is very strong overlap.
Theoretical chemistry is the study of chemistry via fundamental theoretical reasoning (usually within mathematics or physics).
In particular the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry is called quantum chemistry.
Since the end of the Second World War, the development of computers has allowed a systematic development of computational chemistry, which is the art of developing and applying computer programs for solving chemical problems.
Theoretical chemistry has large overlap with (theoretical and experimental) condensed matter physics and molecular physics.
Other disciplines within chemistry are traditionally grouped by the type of matter being studied or the kind of study.
These include inorganic chemistry, the study of inorganic matter; organic chemistry, the study of organic (carbon based) matter; biochemistry, the study of substances found in biological organisms; physical chemistry, the study of chemical processes using physical concepts such as thermodynamics and quantum mechanics; and analytical chemistry, the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure.
Many more specialized disciplines have emerged in recent years, e.g.
neurochemistry the chemical study of the nervous system (see subdisciplines).
Other fields include agrochemistry, astrochemistry (and cosmochemistry), atmospheric chemistry, chemical engineering, chemical biology, chemo-informatics, electrochemistry, environmental chemistry, femtochemistry, flavor chemistry, flow chemistry, geochemistry, green chemistry, histochemistry, history of chemistry, hydrogenation chemistry, immunochemistry, marine chemistry, materials science, mathematical chemistry, mechanochemistry, medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, molecular mechanics, nanotechnology, natural product chemistry, oenology, organometallic chemistry, petrochemistry, pharmacology, photochemistry, physical organic chemistry, phytochemistry, polymer chemistry, radiochemistry, solid-state chemistry, sonochemistry, supramolecular chemistry, surface chemistry, synthetic chemistry, thermochemistry, and many others. 
The three major employers of chemists are academic institutions, industry, especially the chemical industry and the pharmaceutical industry, and government laboratories.
Chemistry typically is divided into several major sub-disciplines.
There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized fields of chemistry.
There is a great deal of overlap between different branches of chemistry, as well as with other scientific fields such as biology, medicine, physics, radiology, and several engineering disciplines.
Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure.
Analytical chemistry incorporates standardized experimental methods in chemistry.
These methods may be used in all subdisciplines of chemistry, excluding purely theoretical chemistry.
Biochemistry is the study of the chemicals, chemical reactions and chemical interactions that take place in living organisms.
Biochemistry and organic chemistry are closely related, for example, in medicinal chemistry.
Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds.
The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry.
Inorganic chemistry is also the study of atomic and molecular structure and bonding.
Medicinal chemistry is the science involved with designing, synthesizing and developing pharmaceutical drugs.
Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use.
It also includes the study of existing drugs, their biological properties, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships.
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and chemical reaction of organic compounds.
Physical chemistry is the study of the physical fundamental basis of chemical systems and processes.
In particular, the energetics and dynamics of such systems and processes are of interest to physical chemists.
Important areas of study include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, electrochemistry, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, and spectroscopy.
Physical chemistry has large overlap with theoretical chemistry and molecular physics.
Physical chemistry involves the use of calculus in deriving equations.
Theoretical chemistry is the study of chemistry via theoretical reasoning (usually within mathematics or physics).
In particular the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry is called quantum chemistry.
Since the end of the Second World War, the development of computers has allowed a systematic development of computational chemistry, which is the art of developing and applying computer programs for solving chemical problems.
Theoretical chemistry has large overlap with condensed matter physics and molecular physics.
See reductionism.
All the above major areas of chemistry employ chemists.
Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include astrochemistry (and cosmochemistry), atmospheric chemistry, chemical engineering, chemo-informatics, electrochemistry, environmental science, forensic science, geochemistry, green chemistry, history of chemistry, materials science, medical science, molecular biology, molecular genetics, nanotechnology, nuclear chemistry, oenology, organometallic chemistry, petrochemistry, pharmacology, photochemistry, phytochemistry, polymer chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and surface chemistry. 
The Chemistry Department at MIT is one of the top university faculties in the world.
Research interests cover the entire field of chemistry, ranging from organic chemistry and biological chemistry to physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, environmental chemistry, materials science and nanoscience.
The department can boast several Nobel Laureates among its faculty and alumni.
They are:  Robert B. Woodward (Chemistry, 1965)  Robert S. Mulliken (Chemistry, 1966)  H. Gobind Khorana (Medicine & Physiology, 1968)  Geoffrey Wilkinson (Chemistry, 1973)  Charles J. Pedersen (Chemistry 1987)  Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech (Chemistry, 1989)  Elias J. Corey (Chemistry, 1990)  Mario Molina (Chemistry, 1995)  K. Barry Sharpless (Chemistry, 2001)  Aaron Ciechanover (Chemistry, 2004)  Richard R. Schrock (Chemistry, 2005).