community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Which direction has the Niagra Falls moved over the past 10,900 years?
About the article "Niagara Falls", section "Geology".

Candidate passages:
Niagara County is in the extreme western part of New York State, just north of Buffalo and adjacent to Lake Ontario on its northern border and the Niagara River and Canada on its western border.
The primary geographic feature of the county is Niagara Falls, the riverbed of which has eroded seven miles south over the past 12,000 years since the last Ice Age.
The Niagara River and Niagara Falls, are in effect, the drainage ditch for four of the Great Lakes which constitute the largest supply of fresh water in the world.
The water flows north from Lake Erie, then through the Niagara River, goes over Niagara Falls, and then on to Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River, eventually emptying into the North Atlantic Ocean.
Today, tourists and visitors to the Falls see a diminished flow of water over the Falls, since a portion of the flow has been diverted for hydroelectric power purposes.
Both the American and Canadian side of the Niagara River have massive electrical power plants.
The spectacular Niagara Gorge is the path Niagara Falls has taken over thousands of years as it continues to erode.
Niagara Falls started at the Niagara Escarpment which cuts Niagara County in half in an East-West direction.
North of the Escarpment lies the Lake Ontario plain, which is a fertile flatland that is used to grow grapes, apples, peaches and other fruits and vegetables.
Viticulture, or wine culture has begun to take place, with several wineries below the escarpment.
This has helped to improve the depressed economy of the region.
To further capitalize on economic development, the state has created the Niagara Wine Trail.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (54.12%) is water. 
Murray State University, located in the city of Murray, Kentucky, is a four-year public university with more than 10,900 students.
The school is Kentucky’s only public university to be listed in the "U.S. News & World Report" regional university top tier for the past 20 consecutive years (non-doctoral degree granting universities).
In addition to the main campus, Murray State University operates extended campuses offering upper level and graduate courses in Paducah, Hopkinsville, Madisonville, and Henderson. 
In October 2013, a plaque was hung in the room that used to be A7, now in a bar called Niagra, marking the space's history. 
The Motueka Ward of the Tasman District Council had an estimated population of 10,900 at 30 June 2009.
Question: Why was the Peak Tram created?
About the article "Victoria Peak", section "History".

Candidate passages:
 1906 - Electric tram started running from 16 January.
1933 - Tram service expanded to 14.4 km.
This was the peak year of Tianjin tram.
1972 - The last tram ran.
2006 - Tram returned as modern rubber tired system in TEDA area of Tianjin.  
  Peak Tower  The Peak Galleria  
The Changchun Tram is an historic tram line in Changchun, Jilin, China.
It was first opened November 11, 1941, and was constructed by the Manchukuo government.
On August 15, 1945 the tram had 7 lines and 73 trains.
At its peak in 1960, the tram had 6 lines and 88 trains covering almost 53 km.
Currently there is only one line—Line No.
54—it is 7.6 km long going from Xi'an Road to Gongnong Road (Hongqi Street). 
NWFB Route 15C is operated with an open-top double decker bus in Peak Tram livery, where the fare is exactly HK$4.2.
The routing is Central Ferry Piers ↔ Garden Road Peak Tram Terminus. 
Once the Peak Tram opened, the Peak stopped being only a place for a summer home, it was now easy to live there year round.
Two hotels opened - the Peak Hotel and the Mount Austin Hotel.
This is when the Peak began to be the residence of choice for many non-Chinese.
The wealthy Chinese preferred Mid-Levels.
Question: Who covered a modified version of Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas?
About the article "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" is a song introduced by Judy Garland in the 1944 MGM musical "Meet Me in St. Louis".
Frank Sinatra later recorded a version with modified lyrics.
The song was written by Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane.
In 2007, ASCAP ranked "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" the third most performed Christmas song during the preceding five years that had been written by ASCAP members.
  1998: "Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas"  
 "Rockin' Bethlehem" (1989) - "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" "RockArt: The History of rooArt Records" RooArt (2001) - "Who Cares Anyway?"
 O Holy Night Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas God is With Us  
  "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen"  "The Christmas Song"  "Christmas in New York"  "Christmas Time Here"  "Grown Up Christmas List"  "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"  "I'll Be Home for Christmas"  "It Ain't Christmas"  "Make Sure You're Home"  "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" (Instrumental)
Question: What was designated at the 2012 Teen Choice Awards for "Decision Rock Song?"
About the article "Somebody That I Used to Know", section "Accolades".

Candidate passages:
Fun is the winner of two Grammy Awards, two Teen Choice Awards, and one Billboard Music Award.
In 2010, they won Best Pop/Rock Song at the Independent Music Awards for "All the Pretty Girls". 
The film was a 2012 Teen Choice Awards nominee for Choice Action Movie. 
Flo Rida performed the song on the finale of second season of "The Voice" with contestant Juliet Simms singing the chorus.
He also performed the song with Carly Rae Jepsen at the 2012 MuchMusic Video Awards, with Stayc Reigns at the 2012 Teen Choice Awards and the 2012 Premios Juventud and also performed the song live at WrestleMania XXVIII prior to The Rock entrance for his "Once In A Lifetime" match against John Cena. 
Annable was nominated in 2008 for a Teen Choice Award at the Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Actress: Horror/Thriller for "Cloverfield" (2008). 
In 2011, the song received a nomination at the MP3Music Awards for "The BNC Award Best/New/Act", but lost.
It also received a nomination for the "Choice Summer Song" award at the 2011 Teen Choice Awards.
In 2012, the song was nominated at the NRJ Music Awards and ASCAP Pop Music Awards for, respectively, the International Song of the Year and Most Performed Song, having won the latter.
It also was nominated for 2011 Billboard Music Awards, it the category of Top Streaming Song.
At the RTHK International Pop Poll Awards the song won "Top 10 Gold International Gold Songs".
The song, according to Spotify and 300.000 users, was considered a "Hangover Cure".
Question: Do Adam's finger and God's finger touch?
About the article "The Creation of Adam", section "Composition".

Candidate passages:
According to the 1994 edition of "The Scientology Handbook", the person giving the assist is to instruct the person being assisted to "feel my finger" as they touch various points on his body, using one finger and one finger only.
This continues across the entire body, balanced to both sides of it and "following the nerve channels".
The "Handbook" goes on to say:"A Touch Assist must include the extremities and the spine.
A correctly done Touch Assist can speed the Thetan's ability to heal or repair a condition with his body."
(pg.216) The touch assist is not to be used to treat headaches, however:"Do not do a Touch Assist on a person who has a headache.
Research has shown that headaches are often the result of mental phenomena that a Touch Assist would be the incorrect handling for."
(pg.218) 
Contrary to the subtitles, Sarah does not say "Don't touch me again, pig" in Russian to her assailant in the hotel.
She says "Touch me again, and I'll break off not only your finger."
(Datronsya do menya otkruchu ne tolko paletz.)
God is depicted as an elderly white-bearded man wrapped in a swirling cloak while Adam, on the lower left, is completely nude.
God's right arm is outstretched to impart the spark of life from his own finger into that of Adam, whose left arm is extended in a pose mirroring God's, a reminder that man is created in the image and likeness of God ().
Another point is that Adam's finger and God's finger are not touching.
It gives the impression that God, the giver of life, is reaching out to Adam who receives it; they are not on "the same level" as would be two humans shaking hands, for instance.
Many hypotheses have been formulated regarding the identity and meaning of the figures around God.
The person protected by God's left arm might be Eve due to the figure's feminine appearance and gaze towards Adam, but was also suggested to be Virgin Mary, Sophia, the personified human soul, or an angel of feminine build.
"The Creation of Adam" is generally thought to depict the excerpt "God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him" ().
The inspiration for Michelangelo's treatment of the subject may come from a medieval hymn called "Veni Creator Spiritus", which asks the 'finger of the paternal right hand' ("digitus paternae dexterae") to give the faithful speech.
Since zTouch™ measures the force of the touch, any object can be used to register a touch.
A finger, gloved finger, stylus etc.
all work equally well. 
 "One cannot shut one's eyes to things not seen with eyes."
"There is no surprise more magical than the surprise of being loved.
It is God's finger on man's shoulder."
"...there are moments, above all on spring evenings, when the lakes that hold our moons are sucked into the earth and nothing is left but wine and the touch of a hand."
("A Breeze of Morning", ch.
11, p. 70)
Question: Does landing difficult tricks ensure a victory?
About the article "Snowboarding", section "Slopestyle".

Candidate passages:
Landing a conventional geared aircraft can be accomplished in two ways.
Normal landings are done by touching all three wheels down at the same time in a "three-point landing".
This method does allow the shortest landing distance but can be difficult to carry out in crosswinds, as rudder control may be reduced severely before the tailwheel can become effective.
The alternative is the "wheel landing".
This requires the pilot to land the aircraft on the main wheels while maintaining the tailwheel in the air with elevator to keep the angle of attack low.
Once the aircraft has slowed to a speed that can ensure control will not be lost, but above the speed at which rudder effectiveness is lost, then the tailwheel is lowered to the ground. 
Advanced Heelys users can perform tricks such as spins, backwards skating and skating on one foot.
There are four categories of tricks used in heeling: flatland tricks, grinding tricks, stalling tricks and vert tricks.
Ground tricks – the main category of tricks used in heeling.
Grinds – these tricks can only be performed if the model has a nylon pad in the shoe, it involves jumping on a surface, landing on the nylon pad and sliding across the surface.
Stalls – generally involves jumping onto a raised object and pausing before jumping off and heeling once more.
Vert – any type of tricks performed on a vert ramp.  
 "Stella Does Tricks" (1997) "Dice" (2001), with John Burnside  
The airplane can land using crab only (zero side slip) up to the landing crosswind guideline .
On dry runways, upon touchdown the airplane tracks towards the upwind edge of the runway while de-crabbing to align with the runway.
Immediate upwind aileron is needed to ensure the wings remain level while rudder is needed to track center line.
The greater the amount of crab at touchdown, the larger the lateral deviation from the point of touchdown.
For this reason, touchdown in a crab only condition is not recommended when landing on a dry runway.
On very slippery runways, landing the airplane using crab only reduces drift towards the downwind side of a touchdown, and may reduce pilot workload since the airplane does not have to be de-crabbed before touchdown.
However, proper rudder and upwind aileron must be applied after touchdown to ensure directional control is maintained. 
Most ball-juggling tricks can be performed with clubs, though they are generally more difficult because of the size of the clubs and the extra complexity added by their rotation.
However, for tricks involving juggling a basic cascade under other constraints, such as while unicycling or blindfolded, club juggling is easier, given the lower accuracy required to make each catch.
Question: What does "pathologization" mean?
About the article "Pathology", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Different societies or cultures, even different individuals in a subculture, can disagree as to what constitutes optimal versus pathological biological and psychological functioning.
Research has demonstrated that cultures vary in the relative importance placed on, for example, happiness, autonomy, or social relationships for pleasure.
Likewise, the fact that a behavior pattern is valued, accepted, encouraged, or even statistically normative in a culture does not necessarily mean that it is conducive to optimal psychological functioning.
People in all cultures find some behaviors bizarre or even incomprehensible.
But just what they feel is bizarre or incomprehensible is ambiguous and subjective.
These differences in determination can become highly contentious.
Religious, spiritual, or transpersonal experiences and beliefs are typically not defined as disordered, especially if widely shared, despite meeting many criteria of delusional or psychotic disorders.
Even when a belief or experience can be shown to produce distress or disability—the ordinary standard for judging mental disorders—the presence of a strong cultural basis for that belief, experience, or interpretation of experience, generally disqualifies it from counting as evidence of mental disorder.
The process by which conditions and difficulties come to be defined and treated as medical conditions and problems, and thus come under the authority of doctors and other health professionals, is known as medicalization or pathologization. 
  Guest performers: AudioFeels - "What does it mean?"
"What Does Anything Mean?
Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. 
 "Witchcraft" (2002) "What Does It Mean?"
(2003) "Come Along" (2004)  
  Early (1992) coverage of trans man Loren Cameron's photography  Transgender Liberation (1993)  Saheli!
Anne Ogborn's recounting of experiences with the Hijra community  Nancy Nangeroni's "Gender Identity Disorder: What to Do?," on DSM categorization and pathologization of gender difference.
(1997)  On Being a Trans-Parent (Issue #9, Autumn 2000) Jamison Green
Question: At the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, what did this movie win?
About the article "The Square (2013 film)", section "Release".

Candidate passages:
The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival in September. 
2013 - Third Person - Completed - Premiered at 2013 Toronto International Film Festival 
Daniel Schechter is an American film director, editor and screenwriter.
His film "Supporting Characters" debuted at Tribeca Film Festival in 2012.
He is currently working on the film "Life of Crime", which will star Jennifer Aniston, Tim Robbins and Isla Fisher.
His movie was chosen to close out 2013 Toronto International Film Festival 
Belfer's films have participated in the Sundance Film Festival, Toronto International Film Festival, Berlin International Film Festival, South by Southwest, Locarno International Film Festival, BAMcinemaFest, Seattle International Film Festival, San Francisco International Film Festival, and Stockholm International Film Festival.
In 2011, Belfer's film "Like Crazy" won the at the Sundance Film Festival.
In 2013, Belfer’s film Prince Avalanche premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and won the 2013 Berlinale Silver Bear Award for Best Director.  
"The Fake" was screened at the following film festivals: 2013 Toronto International Film Festival 2013 Fantastic Fest  2013 Busan International Film Festival 2013 Sitges Film Festival 2013 AFI Fest  2013 Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival 2013 Hong Kong Asian Film Festival  2014 Göteborg International Film Festival  2014 Jameson Dublin International Film Festival  2014 Fantasporto
Question: When was the fifth season ordered?
About the article "Nurse Jackie", section "Development and production".

Candidate passages:
The fourth season of "Chuck" was announced on May 13, 2010.
Having initially ordered 13 episodes, NBC ordered an additional 11 on October 19, 2010 for a total of 24 episodes.
Throughout the season, Chuck faced individual villains: Alexei Volkoff, head of Volkoff Industries, and Volkoff's daughter, Vivian McArthur.
Josh Schwartz and Chris Fedak expressed a desire to continue the series past the fourth season as early as March 2011, when it was announced that the season finale would be titled "Chuck Versus the Cliffhanger".
The episode, as the title suggests, had a cliffhanger ending leading into the fifth and final season, which was ordered on May 13, 2011. 
On August 17, 2010, Syfy announced that there will be a fifth and final season.
On August 8, 2011, it was announced that season 5 will be the final season; it was later announced that the network has ordered an additional episode for season 5 to wrap up the series.
On February 16, 2012, Syfy announced that the show's fifth and final season would premiere on April 16, 2012.
In order to close the show one additional episode of the fifth season was ordered, which aired on July 16, 2012. 
The 1916–17 Toronto Hockey Club season was the fifth and final season of the Toronto franchise in the National Hockey Association (NHA).
With the departure of the Toronto 228th Battalion when their regiment was ordered overseas, the NHA decided to suspend the Toronto Blueshirts franchise as well for the remainder of the season.
Before the start of the next season, the NHA was folded and a new league, the National Hockey League (NHL), was founded with a new team, the Toronto Hockey Club, which went on to become the present day Toronto Maple Leafs. 
The 2012–13 Television season was the 38th season of "The Fifth Estate".  
The 2011–12 Television season was the 37th season of "The Fifth Estate".
Question: Where is alcohol served in the park?
About the article "Hersheypark", section "Minetown".

Candidate passages:
Alcohol education is the planned provision of information and skills relevant to living in a world where alcohol is commonly misused. 
Alcohol is legal in most countries of the world where a drinking culture exists.
In countries where alcohol is illegal, similar beverages which are "alcohol-free" may be permitted.
The definition of "alcohol-free" may vary from country to country.
The term "alcohol-free "(e.g., alcohol-free beer) is often used to describe a beverage that contains 0.0% ABV.
Such beverages are permitted by Islam and are popular in countries that enforce alcohol prohibition, such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Iran.
In the European Union, the labels of beverages containing more than 1.2% ABV must state the actual alcoholic strength (i.e., show the word "alcohol" or the abbreviation "alc."
followed by the symbol "% vol.
")Most of the "alcohol-free" beverages sold in Sweden's state-run liquor monopoly, Systembolaget, actually contain alcohol.
Some people say that these labels are misleading and are a threat to recovering alcoholics.
Systembolaget defines "alcohol-free" as a beverage that contains no more than 0.5% alcohol by volume. 
In accordance with the Qur'an and Islamic beliefs, Sistani does not consider alcohol to be ritually pure, and therefore does not condone drinking it.
Additionally, Ayatollah Sistani does not condone the sale of alcohol in any Muslim-owned businesses, nor eating or drinking where alcohol consumption is allowed: 
As the sale of alcohol is forbidden in Brunei, Royal Brunei does not serve alcohol on board its flights.
Passengers are however, permitted to bring along their own alcohol for consumption on board.
All inflight meals served are halal. 
As the venue serves alcohol, attendance at concerts and events at Lee's Palace is generally restricted by the laws of the province of Ontario to those 19 years of age or older, although the venue occasionally hosts all-ages shows (usually on weekend afternoons or early evenings) where alcohol is not served.
Question: The work was originally attributed to who?
About the article "Leonardo da Vinci", section "Early works".

Candidate passages:
Pseudo-Aristotle is a general for authors of philosophical or medical treatises who attributed their work to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, or whose work was later attributed to him by others.
Such falsely attributed works are known as pseudepigrapha. 
There is a treatise called "De Ecclesiasticis Dogmatibus" ("Of Church Doctrine") which was originally attributed to Augustine of Hippo but is now universally attributed to Gennadius.
The work was long included among those of St. Augustine.
Some scholars (Caspari, Otto Bardenhewer, Czapla) think that it is probably a fragment of Gennadius's eight books "against all heresies", apparently the last part, in which, having confuted the heretics, he builds up a positive system. 
The work was attributed to Massimo Stanzione in 1954 by José Milicua, who viewed it in the collection of Tomás Harris at that time.
The work made its way to the collection of Santiago Espona who bequested it to the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya in November 1958. 
As was often the case with women artists who were associated with better known male artists, there were claims made that she did not produce all the work attributed to her and because of her long relationship with Prud'hon, it is still not well understood exactly what he did and what she did.
This confusion is in large part due to the fact that the two artists collaborated on several works: he sketched the design and she made the paintings.
Many were exhibited under her name, but when the works became part of public collections they were attributed to Prud'hon.
For instance, "Venus and Cupid sleeping" now attributed to Mayer was initially attributed in the Wallace Collection to Prud'hon. 
The most influential work attributed to him is "Centrum Naturae Concentratum".
This work was purported to have been written originally in Arabic, though no Arabic version is extant.
It was published in Dutch in 1694, and first translated into English by Edmund Brice in 1696.
It is most noted for the following passage:This passage is cited by Waite as evidence of a spiritual mystical tradition within alchemy, and has been widely quoted, notably by the theosophist Madame Blavatsky (who misattributes him as Abipili).
The passage has been identified as a source of the Wiccan "Charge of the Goddess" produced by Gerald Gardner and later revised by Doreen Valiente.
It is the oldest of the sources so identified.
Question: What is the size of the modern handball court?
About the article "Handball", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Aalborg Handball () is a handball club from Aalborg, Denmark.
Aalborg Handball competes in the Danish Handball League.
The home arena of AaB Handball is the Gigantium in Aalborg. 
Afghanistan handball federation is the governing body of handball in Afghanistan.
Afghanistan handball federation is current governing body of Afghanistan national handball team.  
The Handball Federation of Slovenia () is the national handball association of Slovenia.
The Handball Federation of Slovenia is a member of the European Handball Federation (EHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF).
The organization is responsible for the Slovenia national handball team and the Slovenia women's national handball team. 
The Libya national handball team represents the country in the international handball competitions and it is controlled by the Libyan Handball Federation that is one of the African Handball Confederation members and the International Handball Federation as well .  
The Polish Handball Federation (, ZPRP) is the national handball association in Poland.
The Poland Handball Federation is a member of the European Handball Federation (EHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF).