community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What are 3 reasons Rembrant's works are hard to identify?
About the article "Rembrandt", section "Expert assessments".

Candidate passages:
Diagnostic tests may be conducted for various reasons.
Firstly, some tests are needed to confirm or refute the diagnosis.
Secondly, some are needed to identify any potential complications. 
Young children appreciate that people generally think and act sensibly when reasons are present, but at the same time, young children can evaluate a person's claim by assessing the quality of the reasons they provide.
Thus, children create an epistemic profile of a person based on the quality of reasons they offer when making a claim.
As young as 3 years-old, children understand the difference between good and bad reasons for making a statement.
For example, if someone was asked to identify what was inside a backpack, children judged the following as good reasons to trust their claim: reliable testimony (“My teacher told me there’s a book in the bag.
I think that there’s a book”), looking (“Before I came here, I looked and saw a ball in the bag.
I think there’s a ball in there”), and inference (“It’s a backpack.
Backpack holds books.
I think there’s a book in there”).
On the other hand, desire (“I like crayons.
I want there to be crayons in the bag.
I think that there are crayons in there”), pretense (“I like to pretend.
I’m going to pretend that there’s a sandwich in the bag.
I think there’s a sandwich in there”), and guessing as bad reasons.
Children know that these bad reasons are mental states that they and others may often hold, but also appreciate that these reasons are not reliable means for drawing specific conclusions.
Moreover, 3 and 4 year-olds can also choose the more reasonable of two people and continue to seek, as well as, accept new information from the more credible person (the one who had better reasons in the past). 
  Identify the person to whom you are speaking  Identify yourself, occupation and where you are calling from  Identify the patient by name, date of birth, age, sex, reason for admission  Identify what is going on with the patient (Chest pain, nausea, etc...)  
Bibliographies are special reference works that are used to identify as many published works on a given subject as possible, and serve as compilations for other authors or researchers. 
The criterion stresses the need for a specific goal rather than a more general one.
This means the goal is clear and unambiguous; without vagaries and platitudes.
To make goals specific, they must tell a team exactly what is expected, why is it important, who’s involved, where is it going to happen and which attributes are important.
A specific goal will usually answer the five "W" questions: What: What do I want to accomplish?
Why: Specific reasons, purpose or benefits of accomplishing the goal.
Who: Who is involved?
Where: Identify a location.
Which: Identify requirements and constraints.
Question: What types of gene variations the normal person own?
About the article "Nucleic acid sequence", section "Genetic testing".

Candidate passages:
Normally, a person inherits two copies of the gene that produces beta-globin, a protein needed to produce normal haemoglobin (hemoglobin A, genotype AA).
A person with sickle cell trait inherits one normal gene and one abnormal gene encoding haemoglobin S (haemoglobin genotype AS). 
The MATP gene is highly conserved, especially among mammals.
The human MATP gene is 82% identical to the mouse MATP gene, 79% identical to the rat MATP gene, 35% to the zebrafish version, and 30% identical to the fruitfly MATP gene.
The gene is best known in humans as being the location of a mutation that results in human type IV oculocutaneous albinism (OCA4).
Type IV oculocutaneous albinism, like other types of human albinism, results in hypopigmentation of the skin and eyes, with increased rates of skin cancer and reduced visual acuity.
None of these effects are associated with the equine cream gene.
Other human MATP polymorphisms result in normal pigment variations, specifically fair skin, light eyes, and light hair in Caucasian populations.
A polymorphism on the mouse MATP gene is known to be the cause of the "underwhite" coat color phenotype.
The phenotype was first identified in the 1960s, and since then has been mapped successfully.
Affected individuals have a reduction in eye and coat pigmentation, and irregularly shaped melanosomes. 
Humans express two types of mannose receptors, each encoded by its own gene: 
There are also a number of variations to the meaning of RACI participation types: 
Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) is a protein involved in melanin synthesis, and is encoded by the "TYRP1" gene, also called the "brown" ("b") locus.
In humans, mutations in the "TYRP1" gene account for variations in "normal" skin, hair and eye coloration, as well as types of clinical Albinism.
Mutations in the "TYRP1" gene of other mammals result in various reddish-brown coat color phenotypes: Brown in mice, Chocolate in cats, Chocolate in dogs, and Dun in cattle.
The phenotypes associated with "TYRP1" mutations are typically rufous or chocolate rather than the black-dominated coats of seal brown horses, and usually result in pinkish-brown skin and light eyes.
This is not the case for seal brown horses, and the role of "TYRP1" in seal brown was ruled out after it was sequenced in 2001.
Question: Last Man Standing first show up?
About the article "Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)", section "Development and production".

Candidate passages:
Last Man Standing and latterly Last Woman Standing (known in the United States as Last One Standing and also known by the Discovery Channel title of Six Versus the World) is a BBC reality TV show that was first aired on 26 June 2007.
Each series featured a group of athletic individuals travelling around the globe to take part in different tribal or traditional sports.
Whoever physically outperforms the rest in the most challenges is declared the winner.
Series 1 was narrated by Richard Hammond, with series 2 being narrated by Ralf Little.1st Last Man Standing: Jason Bennett from the United States2nd Last Man Standing: Wolé Adesemoye from the United KingdomThe Last Woman Standing: Anna Campbell from Lamu, Kenya 
  "Last Man Standing": "Last Halloween Standing" (2011)  "Last Man Standing": "Haunted House" (2013)  
Last Man Standing may refer to: 
  "Last Man Standing: Last Christmas Standing" (2011)  "Last Man Standing: Putting a Hit on Christmas" (2012)  "Last Man Standing: Elfie" (2013)  
 2014: "Last Man Standing"
Question: How long was the Audien Luvstep Mix?
About the article "As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)", section "Track listings".

Candidate passages:
Digital download
"As Long As You Love Me" (feat.
Big Sean) – 3:49
Digital Remixes EP
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Ferry Corsten Remix) - 5:42
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Ferry Corsten Club Dub) - 4:58
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Ferry Corsten Radio Mix) - 3:31
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Audiobot Remix) - 5:04
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Audiobot Instrumental) - 5:04
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Audiobot Radio Mix) - 3:55
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Paulo & Jackinsky Club Mix) - 7:41
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Paulo & Jackinsky Dub) - 7:26
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Paulo & Jackinsky Radio Mix) - 3:55
 "As Long As You Love Me" (feat.
Big Sean) (Audien Dubstep Radio Mix) - 4:03
 "As Long As You Love Me" (feat.
Big Sean) (Audien Dubstep Mix) - 4:37
 "As Long As You Love Me" (feat.
Big Sean) (Audien Luvstep Mix) - 4:37
Audien began creating music in his Mystic, CT apartment circa 2008.
Audien was first signed to Flashover Recordings, owned by Dutch Producer/DJ Ferry Corsten.
Flashover Recordings released Audien’s first single, “Rise & Shine”. 
Audien has released many singles and remixes for electronic record labels including Enhanced, Perceptive, Armada, Black Hole, and Nervous.
His tracks have appeared on "Corsten’s Countdown", "Tiësto’s Club Life", Above & Beyond’s "Trance Around The World", and Armin Van Buuren’s "A State of Trance" compilations.
In 2012, Audien began to include elements of progressive house into his music with the release of "These Are The Days".
Audien's August 2012 release, "Eventide," is noted for being played by Above & Beyond during their DJ set at the 2012 Electric Daisy Festival in Las Vegas.
Audien's track "Sup" was featured by Dutch icon Hardwell on episode 87 of "Hardwell On Air".
In 2013, Above & Beyond premiered Audien’s track, "Wayfarer" as the first song ever played on "Above & Beyond Group Therapy."
Nathaniel "Nate" Rathbun (born January 11, 1992), better known as his stage name Audien, is an American electronic dance music producer and DJ.
He produces in the progressive house, trance and electro house genre. 
Together We Are Radio Show.
The Together We Are radio show airs on Sirius XM Radio channel BPM, and highlights Arty's favorite mixes.
He sometimes has guest appearances such as Audien, Walden, and Morten Breum.
The show usually lasts an hour.
His latest show was "Episode 075" as of 19 February 2014.
Question: In what year was the painting vandalized with acid?
About the article "The Night Watch", section "Acts of vandalism".

Candidate passages:
On June 13, 2012, the painting was vandalized while on display at the Menil gallery by a 22-year old man named Uriel Landeros (who would later get his own art show for vandalizing the painting). 
 "De Nachtwacht", painted in 1642 by Rembrandt van Rijn, was vandalized for the first time at the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.
A recently unemployed cook slashed through the 209 year old canvas with a knife.
On September 14, 1975, a retired schoolteacher cut through the 333 year old painting and tore off a section in the center, and on April 6, 1990, another vandal sprayed sulfuric acid on the now 358 year old masterpiece, which has been restored each time.
Born: Joh Bjelke-Petersen, Premier of Queensland (d. 2005)  
The Spear is a painting by Cape Town-based South African artist, Brett Murray.
It depicts South African President Jacob Zuma in a pose reminiscent of Lenin, with his genitals exposed.
The painting triggered a defamation lawsuit by Zuma's party, the African National Congress (ANC), and was vandalized on 22 May 2012. 
Rembrandt's "Night Watch" (1642) is one of the most popular paintings at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
It is viewed by about 4,000 to 5,000 visitors daily with its value estimated at $925,000 in the 1970s.
The painting was vandalized on several occasions.
On 13 January 1911, an unemployed navy cook tried to cut it with a knife, but could not cut through the thick varnish on the painting.
In 1975, William de Rijk, an unemployed school teacher, cut dozens of zigzag lines in the painting with a knife before he was wrestled by the guards.
The day before, de Rijk had been turned away from the museum because he arrived after closing time.
After the event, he was identified with a mental disorder; he was sent to a psychiatric hospital and committed suicide there on 21 April 1976.
The painting was restored, but traces of the cuts still remain.
In 1990, a man threw acid on the painting.
The guards managed to quickly dilute it with water so that it penetrated only the varnish layer, and the painting was restored again. 
The work was repeatedly vandalized following its installation.
After the ducklings were stolen from the work in March 2012, Rothschild told the "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel", "I am really frustrated with what has happened here...
This is a work that was designed to be uplifting and inspiring for people from different generations."
Question: Who auditoined for Last Coming Standing?
About the article "Despicable Me", section "Marketing".

Candidate passages:
Drew was a candidate for Totnes in the 2010 general election, standing as an independent.
His platform was mostly satirical, in reaction to the expenses scandal.
He polled 390 votes, coming second to last of eight candidates. 
  "Last Man Standing" (Pop Evil song), 2010  "Last Man Standing" (Some & Any song), 2009  "Last Man Standing", by Asher Roth & Akon from the "Madden NFL 12" video game soundtrack  "Last Man Standing", by Bon Jovi from "Have a Nice Day"  "Last Man Standing", by Duran Duran from "Red Carpet Massacre"  "Last Man Standing", by Eric Martin for Pride FC  "Last Man Standing", by HammerFall from ""  "Last Man Standing", by Hybrid from "I Choose Noise"  "Last Man Standing", by People in Planes from "Beyond the Horizon"  "Last Man Standing", by Satyricon from "The Age of Nero"  
Last One Standing or Last Ones Standing may refer to: 
  "Last Man Standing": "Last Halloween Standing" (2011)  "Last Man Standing": "Haunted House" (2013)  
Dan Ahdoot is a stand-up comedian who primarily performs in New York City.
He is well known for being a contestant in NBC's reality TV show "Last Comic Standing" and for performing on Comedy Central's "Premium Blend".
Question: Do schools use the FIE format slightly?
About the article "Fencing", section "Other variants".

Candidate passages:
Nine teams competed in the women's team foil event.
The draw was made considering the FIE rankings. 
Other variants include chair fencing, "one-hit épée" (one of the five events which constitute modern pentathlon) and the various types of non-Olympic competitive fencing.
Chair fencing is similar to wheelchair fencing but for the able bodied.
The opponents set up opposing chairs and fence while seated; all the usual rules of fencing are applied.
An example of the latter is the American Fencing League (distinct from the United States Fencing Association): the format of competitions is different and the right of way rules are interpreted in a different way.
In a number of countries, school and university matches deviate slightly from the FIE format.
Earlier variants of the fairy tale "Jack the Giant-Killer" found in chapbooks include various renditions of the poem, recited by the giant Thunderdell:<poem>Fee, fau, fum,I smell the blood of an "English" man,Be alive, or be he dead,I'll grind his bones to make my bread.</poem><poem>Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum.I smell the blood of an Englishman,Be he living, or be he dead,I’ll grind his bones to mix my bread.</poem>In William Shakespeare's play "King Lear", the character of Edgar exclaims:<poem>Fie, foh, and fum,I smell the blood of a British man.</poem>The verse in "King Lear" makes use of the archaic word "fie", used to express disapproval.
This word is used repeatedly in Shakespeare's works, King Lear himself shouting, "Fie, fie, fie!
pah, pah!"
and the character of Mark Antony (in "Antony and Cleopatra") simply exclaiming "O fie, fie, fie!"
The word "fum" has sometimes been interpreted as "fume".
Formations such as "fo" and "foh" are perhaps related to the expression "pooh!
", which is used by one of the giants in "Jack the Giant-Killer"; such conjectures largely indicate that the phrase is of imitative origin, rooted in the sounds of flustering and anger. 
The FIE maintains the current rules used for FIE sanctioned international events, including world cups, world championships and the Olympic Games.
The FIE handles proposals to change the rules the first year after an Olympic year in the annual congress. 
The Renaissance Air fleet includes use of the following aircraft (at July 2009): 1 Beech 18 *VH-FIE 1 Pressurised Beechcraft Baron *VH-BLT 1 Beechcraft Bonanza *VH-DGD And through its sister company Adelaide Warbirds 1 Nanchang CJ-6 *VH-NNJ
Question: Who is Walmart's spokesperson?
About the article "Bacon", section "Reception".

Candidate passages:
 The Avril Lavigne poster seen in Samantha's room is Walmart's former official poster for Avril.  
Special Kitty is Walmart's store brand of cat food and other cat care products, such as litter and treats. 
Greg LeMond, three-time Tour de France winner, is the national spokesperson. 
Ebrahim Alizadeh is a communist politician.
He is official spokesperson of Komalah who is at the same time the first secretary of Komalah. 
Richard Gaitskell is a physicist and professor at Brown University who is currently working on the Large Underground Xenon Detector.
He is currently co-spokesperson for the experiment.
Question: Who was the first Supreme Director of Argentina?
About the article "Argentina", section "Independence and civil wars".

Candidate passages:
Francisco de las Carreras (1809–1870) was an Argentine lawyer, judge and politician.
He was the first President of the Supreme Court of Argentina between 1863 and 1870. 
In 1816, Pueyrredón was elected Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata.
He strongly supported José de San Martín's military campaign in Chile, and also founded the first national bank of Argentina and the national mint.
After the declaration of a Unitarian constitution, revolts forced him to resign as Supreme Director in 1819 and go into exile in Montevideo.
He subsequently played a very small role in politics, most notably serving in 1829 as a mediator between Juan Manuel de Rosas and Juan Lavalle.
He died in retirement on his ranch in San Isidro, Buenos Aires. 
The first director of the ensemble was Alberto Lysy, who was succeeded by Rubén González y Elias Khayat.
Since 1992 its director has been Fernando Hasaj.
The Camerata is composed of about twenty musicians selected from among the best in Argentina. 
The partido is named after Antonio González de Balcarce (1774-1819), an Argentine military commander, governor of Buenos Aires and Supreme Director (president) of Argentina in 1816. 
Many of the Wild Geese, expatriate Irish soldiers who had gone to Spain, or their descendants, continued on to its colonies in South America.
Many of them rose to prominent positions in the Spanish governments there.
In the 1820s, some of them helped liberate the continent.
Bernardo O'Higgins was the first Supreme director of Chile.
When Chilean troops occupied Lima during the War of the Pacific in 1881, they put in charge certain Patricio Lynch, whose grandfather came from Ireland to Argentina and then moved to Chile.
Other Latin American countries that have Irish settlement include Puerto Rico and Colombia.
Question: What is the test service unit known as?
About the article "Battle of Britain", section "Fighters".

Candidate passages:
In statistics, a unit root test tests whether a time series variable is non-stationary using an autoregressive model.
A well-known test that is valid in large samples is the augmented Dickey–Fuller test.
The optimal finite sample tests for a unit root in autoregressive models were developed by Denis Sargan and Alok Bhargava.
Another test is the Phillips–Perron test.
These tests use the existence of a unit root as the null hypothesis. 
Test methods are declared as such by decorating a unit test method with the TestMethod attribute.
The attribute is used to identify methods that contain unit test code.
Best practices state that unit test methods should contain only unit test code. 
Dynamic verification is performed during the execution of software, and dynamically checks its behaviour; it is commonly known as the Test phase.
Verification is a Review Process.
Depending on the scope of tests, we can categorize them in three families:  "Test in the small": a test that checks a single function or class (Unit test)  "Test in the large": a test that checks a group of classes, such as * Module test (a single module) * Integration test (more than one module) * System test (the entire system)  "Acceptance test": a formal test defined to check acceptance criteria for a software * Functional test * Non functional test (performance, stress test) Software verification is often confused with software validation.
The difference between "verification" and "validation":  Software "verification" asks the question, "Are we building the product right?
"; that is, does the software conform to its specification.
Software "validation" asks the question, "Are we building the right product?
"; that is, is the software doing what the user really requires.
The aim of software verification is to find the errors introduced by an activity, i.e.
check if the product of the activity is as correct as it was at the beginning of the activity. 
Device under test (DUT), also known as equipment under test (EUT) and unit under test (UUT), is a term commonly used to refer to a manufactured product undergoing testing. 
Installing Test::Unit.
All Ruby versions comes preinstalled with Test::Unit framework.
of Ruby 1.9.3 test/unit is not preinstalled, but is available as a gem.
Question: How many provinces does Canada have?
About the article "Canada", section "Provinces and territories".

Candidate passages:
Individual provinces have codified many of the principles in a "Sale of Goods Act", which was modeled on early English versions.
Quebec, being a civil law jurisdiction, does not have contract law, but rather has its own law of obligations. 
All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws.. 
Many provinces and territories in Canada have French-speaking communities with flags representing their communities:Three regions in the United States have substantial French speaking and ancestral communities:Although part of France, the flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon does not incorporate the current national flag.
The island's flag is based on the historic regional emblems of France.
This flag lacks official status. 
The fact that health insurance plans are administered by the provinces and territories in a country where large numbers of residents of certain provinces work in other provinces may lead to inequitable inter-provincial outcomes with respect to revenues and expenditures.
For example, many residents of the Atlantic provinces work in the oil and gas industry in the western province of Alberta.
For most of the year these workers may be contributing significant tax revenue to Alberta (e.g.
through fuel, tobacco and alcohol taxes) while their health insurance costs are borne by their home province in Atlantic Canada.
Another considerable inter-provincial imbalance is a person who is insured by Quebec and obtains healthcare in another province or territory.
Quebec does not have any physician payment agreements with any other provinces or territories of Canada.
As a result, someone that sees a physician outside Quebec, even in another part of Canada, must either pay the cost themselves and submit a request to the Régie de l'Assurance Maladie du Québec (RAMQ Medicare) for reimbursement (even then, expenses are often denied), or take out a third party insurance plan.
The same situation also applies to a resident of any other part of Canada visiting Quebec, only they submit any claims to their respective provincial healthplan.
All provinces and territories of Canada, however, do have reciprocal hospital agreements, so hospital admissions, for example, are covered throughout Canada. 
The North American provinces are particularly based around secondary and tertiary education.
Many American celebrities have been educated in American Marist schools, including Sean "P Diddy" Combs, David Hasselhoff, Ray Romano and many others.
The North American provinces are:  Province of Canada  Province of the United States