community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: When did "The Square" premiere?
About the article "The Square (2013 film)", section "Release".

Candidate passages:
Pinter made his directorial debut in 2003, when he directed the world premiere of Jonathan Bell's "Portraits" at the Union Square Theatre in New York.
The play starred Roberta Maxwell and Dana Reeve. 
The film had its premiere on May 14, 2012, at the Empire, Leicester Square, in London. 
The different channels in the package mostly have their origins in the analogue Premiere channel which started broadcasting in 1991 and the movie channels of the DF1 platform started in 1996.
The movie package on the DF1 platform consisted of "Cine Action", "Cine Comedy", "Romantic Movies", "Star*Kino" and "Western Movies".
When DF1 and Premiere merged to form the platform "Premiere World" in October 1999, it movie package, which was called "Movie World", consisted of the "Premiere" channel and "13th Street" as well as the former DF1 channels "Star*Kino", "Cine Action", "Cine Comedy", "Sci Fantasy" and "Romantic Movies".
This structure remained until July 2001 when Premiere World relaunched their packages and brought all the channels they owned under the Premiere umbrella brand.
"Premiere" was extended to three channels: "Premiere 1", "Premiere 2" and "Premiere 3" "Star*Kino" became "Premiere Star" "Cine Comedy" became "Premiere Comedy" "Sci Fantasy" became "Premiere Sci-fi" "Cine Action" became "Premiere Action" "Romantic Movies" was closed down.
In May 2002, "Premiere World" became simply "Premiere".
At the same time, the themed movie channel were replaced by the numbered movie screens "Premiere 4" through "Premiere 7".
On August 1, 2006, the channels were overhauled again.
"Premiere 1" to "Premiere 4" became part of a package called "Premiere Blockbuster", which also included Disney Channel.
"Premiere 5", "Premiere 6" and "Premiere 7" were closed down and replaced by "Premiere Filmclassics" and "Premiere Filmfest".
They became part of a package called "Premiere Entertainment", which also included Premiere Serie, Premiere Krimi and Premiere Nostalgie.
"Premiere Blockbuster" and "Premiere Entertainment" merged and became "Premiere Film" in on July 1, 2008. 
The film was probably unnoticed when it first came out in movie theaters, but did well in DVD sales.
June 28, 2006, the movie get a network premiere on BET. 
Cinema broadcasts.
The UK/Europe premiere took place at the Leicester Square Odeon on 6 September 2007.
It was transmitted live by satellite to various European cinemas.
The North American premiere took place on 15 September 2007.
Question: How was the Black Hand Provincial Director contacted?
About the article "Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria", section "Eve of the attacks".

Candidate passages:
An alternative theory to the Sarajevo attack being a Serbian Military Intelligence Operation was that it was a "Black Hand" operation.
The "Black Hand" was a shadowy organization formed in Serbia as a counterweight to the Bulgaria-sponsored Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).
After Serbia's victory over Bulgaria in Macedonia in the Balkan Wars, the "Black Hand" became moribund because of the death of its president and the failure to replace him, an inactive secretary, casualties, broken links between its 3-man cells, and a drying up of funding.
By 1914 the "Black Hand" was no longer operating under its constitution but rather as a creature of the Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence, Apis, and its active ranks were composed mostly of Serbian officers loyal to Apis.
Apis's confession to ordering the operation that begins with the phrase "As the Chief of the Intelligence Department of the General Staff", the fact that the military chain of command was invoked, the moribund nature of the "Black Hand" and the fact that under the "Black Hand" constitution Article 16, such an assassination could only be ordered by a vote of the Supreme Council Directorate, the President or the Secretary and no such order was made, are factors in favor of assigning responsibility to Serbian Military Intelligence.
The fact that Milan Ciganović was involved, that the key officers involved were "Black Hand" members, that "Black Hand" Provincial Director for Bosnia and Herzegovina Vladimir Gaćinović was consulted and that there was no official budget for the operation favors assigning responsibility to the "Black Hand". 
Aït Djoudi, In September 2008, was contacted by President Serrar to make the team in hand with that has won over 35 games and finished champions Algeria and semifinalist cutting ArabicÉcouterLire phonétiquement 
Hand Hills was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada.
It was mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1913 to 1963. 
Torrio was the nephew of Victoria Moresco, the wife and business partner of "Big Jim" Colosimo, who had become the owner of more than 100 brothels in Chicago.
Colosimo invited Torrio to Chicago in order to deal with extortion demands from the Black Hand.
Torrio eliminated the extortionists and stayed on to run Colosimo's operations and to organize the criminal muscle needed to deal with threats to them.
In 1918, Yale contacted Torrio and requested that he take Capone to Chicago, as he was facing a murder investigation in New York.
Capone went to Chicago and became a bouncer at one of Torrio's Chicago brothels and soon became manager of The Four Deuces, one of Torrio's operations.
While in Chicago, Torrio met Jean Forrenzo.
Medical records indicate that Torrio had a child with Jean during this period.
George Torrio was born in Washington, Iowa and his medical records show his name as George Miller.
It is unknown how much contact Torrio had with his only child.
Question: Who raps in an open field?
About the article "Love the Way You Lie", section "Synopsis".

Candidate passages:
Bushido version.
Lyrical Content.
In this song, Bushido raps frankly and openly, without cursing.
He raps from the perspective of an older person, who is looking back on their childhood.
During this time, they were young and powerful and their parents lived happily together.
There is a desire to return to this time in the past.
Bushido also raps that his childhood and youth have passed by too fast and now, being an adult, this is difficult for some adults to respect.
In the final verses Bushido raps that, in his view, life is a struggle to attain something and he gives young people advice to spend more time with their family and friends and stop wasting their life away smoking and drinking. 
There are two levels of certification:.
The first level has three subdivisions that all require specific testing.
The first is a Professional Animal Scientist (PAS) who must hold a B.S., M.S.
or PhD in Animal Science or a closely related field.
The second is a Registered Animal Specialist (RAS) and the third is a Registered Animal Product Specialist (RAPS).
<6> While neither of these require a degree, both require six years of experience and testing, and must be nominated by a PAS.
All the subdivisions offer an Associate level of certification as a preliminary path to full certification.
The second level is Board Certification which is open to those PAS that have a minimum of an M.S.
degree and meet the education and experience level set by the American College of Animal Scientists, established by ARPAS for this purpose.
Qualified PAS members can be board certified in the disciplines of Animal Behavior, Animal Food Science, Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition, Animal Physiology and/or Animal Welfare Science.
To maintain their certifications, members must complete 16 continuing education units (CEU) each year.
Approved CEU courses/events are posted on the ARPAS web site., 
Cocaine Raps is the third album released by rapper Andre Nickatina, who was previously known as "Dre Dog."
It was released In April, 1997 From Filmoe Coleman Records and was produced by Andre Nickatina and Nick Peace.
This was an extremely limited release of 2,000 copies and quickly became a highly sought after collector's item in the Underground Rap following on eBay.  
An Iranian rapper who raps in Persian language has been forced into hiding after hardline clerics offered a $100,000 reward for his murder, incensed by his song (Naghi) which is satirising the Tehran regime and making allegedly irreverent remarks about the tenth Islamic imam (Naghi). 
Gimma, real name Gian-Marco Schmid, is a Swiss rapper from Chur in Graubünden Canton who raps in Swiss German.
Question: what company originally exported ramen noodles?
About the article "Ramen", section "Instant ramen".

Candidate passages:
Instant ramen noodles were exported from Japan by Nissin Foods starting in 1971, bearing the name "Oodles of Noodles".
One year later, it was re-branded "Nissin Cup Noodles," packaged in a foam food container, and subsequently saw a growth in international sales.
Over time, the term "ramen" became used in North America to refer to other instant noodles, even those not technically ramen.
Instant noodles were invented in 1958 by Momofuku Ando, the Taiwanese-born founder of the Japanese food company Nissin.
He used Chikin Ramen (Chicken Ramen) as the first instant ramen noodles.
In 1970, Nissin formed the subsidiary Nissin Foods (USA) Co. Inc, to sell instant noodles in the United States.
Nissin recognized that the bowls traditionally used to package instant noodles in Asia were not common in the U.S, so they used the paper cup.
In 1971, they introduced instant ramen packaged in a foam cup.
Originally, the product was known as Cup O' Noodles in the United States.
In 1978, Nissin Foods offers new Top Ramen and Cup Noodes(Cup O' Noodles renamed Cup Noodles in 1993) variaties, pioneering new paths in the rapidly growing instant ramen noodle category.
In 1998, Cup Noodles Hot Sauce Varieties introduced (Beef, Chicken, Shrimp)Today, instant noodles in Japan are often sold in foam bowls, sometimes with plastic utensils.
Foam bowls are inexpensive, disposable, light, and easy to hold, since they insulate heat well. 
Mr. Noodles is the brand name of a Canadian instant noodles product.
The Mr. Noodles brand is sold in packages the same size of traditional ramen.
Mr. Noodles is sold in instant ramen pack (single, dual or multi-pack), instant ramen cup or instant ramen bowl.
It is sold at grocery and convenience stores, and sometimes in vending machines.
A newer offering from the company is its "Kimchi Noodle" bowls which have a spicier flavour.  
Korea Yakult Co., Ltd (hangul: 한국야쿠르트) is a South Korean food company based in Seocho-gu, Seoul; under the ownership of Yakult Corporation, Japan.
It is one of the largest food companies in South Korea and produces beverages (including "sikhye" and "sujeonggwa"), ramen noodles, and dairy products (including "yakult", a yogurt-like drink).
Korea Yakult was founded in 1969.
In 1987 the company began distributing its products overseas, under the brand name PALDO.
PALDO products are exported to nearly 30 nations, including Russia, the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Germany.
In 2012, PALDO became an independent subsidiary of Korea Yakult under the name "PALDO Company, Limited". 
Shin Ramyun is a spicy (辛) brand of South Korean instant noodles produced by Nong Shim Ltd. since 1986.
It is exported to over 80 different countries, and is the highest selling brand of noodles in South Korea.
In April 2011, the brand launched a high-end ramen 'Shin Ramyun Black'.
It is twice the price of the regular Shin Ramyun, and it generated sales of in May 2011.
Question: What is the staple food of china?
About the article "China", section "Cuisine".

Candidate passages:
Most staple food is produced using modern farming practices.
However, the yield of staple food from Organic farming is growing. 
Staple foods.
Rice is a major staple food for people from rice farming areas in southern China.
Steamed rice, usually white rice, is the most commonly eaten form.
Rice is also used to produce beers, wines and vinegars.
Rice is one of the most popular foods in China and is used in many dishes.
Glutinous rice ("sticky rice") is a variety of rice used in many specialty Chinese dishes. 
The cuisine of the Democratic Republic of the Congo varies widely, representing the food of indigenous people.
Cassava is generally the staple food usually eaten with other side dishes. 
The countries of the Maghreb share many cultural traditions.
Among these is a culinary tradition that Habib Bourguiba defined as western Arab, where couscous is the staple food, as opposed to Eastern Arab where white rice is the staple food.
In terms of food, similarities beyond the starches are found throughout the Arab world. 
The starchy core of the trunk can be cooked (often stewed) and eaten; it was a staple food during times of famine.
This part of the trunk is an important food source for feral pigs.
Question: When did the preliminary planning begin?
About the article "Battle of Midway", section "Background".

Candidate passages:
Preliminary planning for WAY 79 began shortly after the March 1971 celebrations of Western Australia's population passing one million.
The success of this celebration prompted the Perth Chamber of Commerce to begin planning for Western Australia's sequicentenary.
Planning proceeded slowly at first, and it was not until January 1974 that the State Government became involved.
When Charles Court became Premier of Western Australia in April of that year, the government took over planning, and preparations began in earnest.
The following year the WAY 79 concept was officially launched by the premier.
S. W. Dallymore was initially appointed executive officer for the celebrations, but he resigned after two years, and Slade Drake-Brockman was appointed in his place.
According to Bolton (1989), "It would be fair to assume that Court and Drake-Brockman played the most significant roles in determining the character of WAY 1979."
The North Bothnia Line ("Norrbotniabanan") is a planned extension of the Bothnia Line north of Umeå to Luleå.
The distance is about 270 km, longer than the Bothnia Line.
The preliminary decision to build it has been made, and detailed planning is being done, including the choice of a route.
Construction is planned to begin around 2020.
There is no go-ahead decision and it may be delayed.
Both the North Bothnia Line and the Bothnia Line will have the advantage of immediately reducing the cost of the frequent and heavy freight traffic when finished.
They will provide large travel time reductions for passengers compared to buses; for example, travel time from Sundsvall-Umeå will be reduced by at least 1½ hours. 
The Red Line is a proposed east-west mass transit light rail line for Baltimore, Maryland.
It is still in the planning stages and has been granted federal approval to enter the preliminary engineering phase.
The line's construction is estimated to begin in 2015, subject to funding, with a completion date set for late 2020-early 2021. 
Men's 3m Springboard Arthur Winther * Preliminary Round — 71.04 (→ did not advance, 17th place) Joseph McCann * Preliminary Round — 69.18 (→ did not advance, 19th place) Ronald Faulds * Preliminary Round — 68.84 (→ did not advance, 20th place) Men's 10m Platform Francis Murphy * Preliminary Round — 66.29 (→ did not advance, 17th place) William Tully * Preliminary Round — 65.49 (→ did not advance, 18th place) Barry Holmes * Preliminary Round — 58.01 (→ did not advance, 22nd place) Women's 3m Springboard Barbara McAulay * Preliminary Round — 60.19 (→ did not advance, 13th place) Roslyn Barton * Preliminary Round — 58.50 (→ did not advance, 15th place) Pat Howard * Preliminary Round — 53.89 (→ did not advance, 17th place) Women's 10m Platform Barbara McAulay * Preliminary Round — 45.67 (→ did not advance, 14th place) Roslyn Barton * Preliminary Round — 41.96 (→ did not advance, 15th place) Adele Price * Preliminary Round — 35.28 (→ did not advance, 18th place)
Question: Who decided with a unanimous vote that the president must supply the tapes?
About the article "Watergate scandal", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
The chief minister acts as president of the council and matters may be brought for discussion by any minister.
Legally ultimate responsibility for the policy decisions of a department rest solely with the minister, however in practice matters are decided by a unanimous or majority vote of the ten ministers. 
The level of agreement necessary to finalize a decision is known as a decision rule.
Possible decision rules for consensus vary within the following range: Unanimous agreement Unanimous consent (See agreement vs consent below) Unanimous agreement minus one vote or two votes Unanimous consent minus one vote or two votes Super majority thresholds (90%, 80%, 75%, two-thirds, and 60% are common).
Simple Majority Executive committee decides Person-in-charge decides In groups that require unanimous agreement or consent (unanimity) to approve group decisions, if any participant objects, they can block consensus according to the guidelines described below.
These groups use the term consensus to denote both the discussion process and the decision rule.
Other groups use a consensus process to generate as much agreement as possible, but allow participants to finalize decisions with a decision rule that does not require unanimity.
In this case, someone who has a 'block' or strong objection must live with the decision. 
s who sometimes may vote.
The U.S.
Vice-President – who also serves as President of the Senate – may vote in the Senate on matters decided by a majority vote (as opposed to a three-fifths vote or two-thirds vote), if the votes for passage and rejection are equal. 
On 15 February 2006 The State Audit Commission (SAC) decided to reinstate Jaruvan as Auditor-General.
Its unanimous decision came after it received a memo from the Office of King Bhumibol Adulyadej's Principal Private Secretary, advising that the situation be resolved.
The SAC concluded by unanimous vote that the royal command that appointed Jaruvan was still in effect, despite the Constitution Court's ruling that her appointment was illegal and unconstitutional. 
The corporations that make-up Kentucky Equality Federation are formal membership organizations.
The acceptance of new members must be approved by unanimous vote of existing members ("Permanent and Official Membership").
Permanent and Official Membership have a say in the structure and priorities of the organizations.
Permanent and Official Membership elect the Board of Directors and the President; they must also approve amendments to Bylaws.
Permanent and Official Membership ensure the continuation of Kentucky Equality Federation; both the Board of Directors and the President serve at the pleasure of Permanent and Official Membership.
All non-board members serve at the pleasure of the president.
Question: Which member of One Direction performs the bridge solo?
About the article "What Makes You Beautiful", section "Music video".

Candidate passages:
"Last Thing on My Mind" was covered by English pop group Steps in 1997.
Produced by Pete Waterman and released as the second single from their album "Step One", their version fared much better, hitting number six in the UK, number five in Australia and number one in Belgium.
The two main verses are performed by Faye and Claire, respectively, whilst Lisa performs the bridge, after the instrumental.
The chorus is performed by the entire group, and the song features no solo male voice.
The music video, which was filmed in Cuba, features Lee picking up all the band members in his convertible.
When they sing the chorus, each member is singing a scene is similar to ABBA's Mamma Mia. 
Mark Sultan (born Mark Antonio Pepe) is a Canadian musician and entrepreneur from Montreal, Quebec.
He was a member of a number of Canadian garage bands including the Spaceshits, Les Sexareenos, and Mind Controls.
He has also spent time performing as a one-man band under the pseudonym BBQ, a moniker which has followed him beyond his solo career to his collaboration with former Spaceshits bandmate Blacksnake in the two-man band, The King Khan & BBQ Show.
Mark Sultan usually performs using a number of aliases including Needles, Krebs, Von Needles, Skutch, Creepy, Bridge Mixture, Kib Husk, Noammnn Rummnyunn, Blortz, Celeb Prenup, and BBQ.
In 2007 he released his first album as Mark Sultan entitled "Sultanic Verses".
In 2010, Sultan released "$" as Mark Sultan and "The Ding Dongs", the debut self-titled LP by Sultan and Bloodshot Bill. 
The road which crosses the bridge, Victoria Bridge Street, admits traffic in one direction only.
In 2012, as a consequence of the pedestrianisation of nearby Victoria Street, it will be made a two-way street. 
Zach Gill (born May 18, 1975) is a multi instrumentalist/singer/songwriter/member of the rock band ALO and a member of Jack Johnson's band.
He also performs regularly as a solo artist. 
 Kyle Donnelly is a member of Forest City Lovers.
Tim Bruton also performs with Forest City Lovers, Evening Hymns, and The Magic.
Greg Santilly plays in Slow Hand Motëm.
John O'Regan performs solo as Diamond Rings.
Question: When did the Bolsheviks accept the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
About the article "World War I", section "Russian Revolution".

Candidate passages:
The Left SR party became the coalition partner of the Bolsheviks in the Soviet Government after the October Revolution.
They later resigned their positions in protest at the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. 
The Left SRs were dismayed that the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gave up large amounts of territory.
With the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the Bolsheviks on March 3, 1918, the Socialist Revolutionary leadership "increasingly viewed" the Bolshevik government as a German proxy.
They left the government in protest in March 1918. 
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia (the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey), which ended Russia's participation in World War I.
The treaty was signed at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) after two months of negotiations.
The treaty was forced on the Soviet government by the threat of further advances by German and Austrian forces.
By the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.
As part of the treaty Russia ceded both the Baltic States to Germany and its province of Kars Oblast in the south Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire, and was also forced to recognize the independence of Ukraine and pay six billion German gold mark in reparations.
Historian Spencer Tucker says, "The German General Staff had formulated extraordinarily harsh terms that shocked even the German negotiator."
Russian-Poland was not mentioned in the treaty, as Germans refused to recognize the existence of any Polish representatives, which in turn led to Polish protests.
When Germans later complained that the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 was too harsh on them, the Allies (and historians favorable to the Allies) responded that it was more benign than Brest-Litovsk.
Under the treaty, the Baltic states were meant to become German vassal states under German princelings.
The treaty was practically obsolete in November 1918, when Germany in effect surrendered to the Allies.
However it did provide some relief to the Bolsheviks, already fighting the Russian Civil War, by renouncing Russia's claims on Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Lithuania. 
Mykhailo Poloz () was a politician, diplomat, statesman of Ukraine, participant of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. 
The signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was attended by representatives of the Soviet Ukraine.
The delegation consisted of Vasyl Shakhrai and Yukhym Medvedev.