Question: What Nobel category have Americans received the most prizes in?
About the article "United States", section "Health".

Candidate passages:
Two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been awarded for research done in the building.
The first was to William Giauque in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero.
Seaborg received the second one in 1951 for discoveries in the transuranium elements.
Four other individuals who did research here received Nobel Prizes for later work as well. 
The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.
They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation.
Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.
Each prize is awarded by a separate committee: the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.
Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.
In 1901, the winners of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007.
In 2008, the winners were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK.
The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
As of 2011, there have been 34 Nobel laureates affiliated with Johns Hopkins University.
Johns Hopkins considers laureates who attended the university as undergraduate students, graduate students or were members of the faculty as affiliated laureates.
Woodrow Wilson, who received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1886, was the first Johns Hopkins-affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919.
Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Johns Hopkins laureates: George Minot and George Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology in Medicine, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Eighteen Johns Hopkins laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, more than any other category.
Twenty-four laureates were members of the Johns Hopkins faculty, five laureates received their Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins, eight laureates received their M.D.
at Johns Hopkins, and two laureates, Francis Peyton Rous and Martin Rodbell, received their undergraduate degrees at Johns Hopkins. 
The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.
They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation.
Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.
Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.
Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.
In 1901, the winners of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007.
In 2008, the winners were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK.
The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
In October 2008, 11 then-current faculty and research staff at Princeton University were Nobel laureates.
By 2013, the cumulative total of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton was 36.
Princeton claims laureates who attended as students or who were employed when they received the Prize or did the research leading to it.
Woodrow Wilson, the former president of Princeton, was the first Princeton-affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919.
Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Princeton laureates: James Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics, Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics, David Gross and Frank Wilczek won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics, and Thomas Sargent and Christopher Sims won the 2011 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.
Seventeen Princeton laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physics, more than any other category.
Twenty-two laureates were members of the Princeton faculty, 12 laureates received their Ph.D. at Princeton, and four laureates, Woodrow Wilson, Eugene O'Neill, Gary Becker, and Michael Spence, were Princeton undergraduates. 
The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.
They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation.
Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.
Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.
Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.
In 1901, the winners of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007.
In 2008, the winners were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK.
The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
As of 2008, there have been 22 laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis.
Washington University considers laureates who attended the university as undergraduate students, graduate students or were members of the faculty as affiliated laureates.
Arthur Compton, the chancellor of the university from 1945 to 1953, was the first laureate affiliated with the university, winning the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927.
Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Washington University laureates; Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Carl Ferdinand Cori and wife Gerty Cori won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Arthur Kornberg and Severo Ochoa won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and Daniel Nathans and George Davis Snell won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Seventeen Washington University laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, more than any other category.
With the exception of Daniel Nathans, who received his M.D.
from Washington University, all Washington University laureates have been members of the university faculty. 
After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes.
Nobel's will specified that annual prizes are to be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
Similarly, the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes.
Since the first award in 1901, the prizes have occasionally engendered criticism and controversy.
Nobel sought to reward "those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind".
One prize, he stated, should be given "to the person who shall have made the most important 'discovery' or 'invention' within the field of physics".
Awards committees have historically rewarded discoveries over inventions: 77% of Nobel Prizes in physics have been given to discoveries, compared with only 23% to inventions.
In addition, the scientific prizes typically reward contributions over an entire career rather than a single year.
No Nobel Prize was established for mathematics and many other scientific and cultural fields.
An early theory that jealousy led Nobel to omit a prize to mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler was refuted because of timing inaccuracies.
Another possibility is that Nobel did not consider mathematics as a "practical" discipline.
Both the Fields Medal and the Abel Prize have been described as the "Nobel Prize of mathematics".
The most notorious controversies have been over prizes for Literature, Peace and Economics.
Beyond disputes over which contributor's work was more worthy, critics most often discerned political bias and Eurocentrism in the result.
The interpretation of Nobel's original words concerning the Literature prize have been repeatedly revised.