Question: After a cancer is surgically removed, what therapy is immediately applied?
About the article "Radiation therapy", section "Types".

Candidate passages:
Adjuvant therapy is a form of treatment that is given after a primary treatment has already been administered.
In the example of RCC the adjuvant therapies tend to be the medications such as Interleukin-2 which are given after the renal nephrectomy surgery.
The idea behind this method is that the adjuvant therapy will prevent the cancer from returning as sometimes cancerous cells can remain in the body after the primary tumour has been removed.
A newer form of adjuvant therapy is Neoadjuvant therapy this is similar to adjuvant therapy but in this case the treatment is administered before the intended primary or main treatment.
In some cases neoadjuvant therapy has been shown to decrease the size and stage of the RCC to then allow it to be surgically removed.
This is a very new form of treatment and the effectiveness is still being assessed.
There are not RCC specific Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant therapies, but trials are still ongoing. 
Historically, the three main divisions of radiation therapy are external beam radiation therapy (EBRT or XRT) or teletherapy, brachytherapy or sealed source radiation therapy, and systemic radioisotope therapy or unsealed source radiotherapy.
The differences relate to the position of the radiation source; external is outside the body, brachytherapy uses sealed radioactive sources placed precisely in the area under treatment, and systemic radioisotopes are given by infusion or oral ingestion.
Brachytherapy can use temporary or permanent placement of radioactive sources.
The temporary sources are usually placed by a technique called afterloading.
In afterloading a hollow tube or applicator is placed surgically in the organ to be treated, and the sources are loaded into the applicator after the applicator is implanted.
This minimizes radiation exposure to health care personnel.
Particle therapy is a special case of external beam radiation therapy where the particles are protons or heavier ions.
Intraoperative radiation therapy or IORT is a special type of radiation therapy that is delivered immediately after surgical removal of the cancer.
This method has been employed in breast cancer (TARGeted Introperative radiation therapy or TARGIT), brain tumors and rectal cancers.
Adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in preventing the outgrowth of micrometastatic disease from colorectal cancer that has been removed surgically.
Studies have shown that fluorouracil is an effective adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with microsatellite stability or low-frequency microsatellite instability, but not in patients with high-frequency microsatellite instability. 
Treatments of cancer by x-ray today generally follows Coutard's fractionated process, while radiated rods are used in brachytherapy.
The three main divisions of radiation therapy are external beam radiation therapy or teletherapy, brachytherapy or sealed source radiation therapy, and systemic radioisotope therapy or unsealed source radiotherapy.
The differences relate to the position of the radiation source; external is outside the body, brachytherapy uses sealed radioactive sources placed precisely in the area under treatment, and systemic radioisotopes are given by infusion or oral ingestion.
Brachytherapy can use temporary or permanent placement of radioactive sources.
The temporary sources are usually placed by a technique called afterloading.
In afterloading a hollow tube or applicator is placed surgically in the organ to be treated, and the sources are loaded into the applicator after the applicator is implanted.
This minimizes radiation exposure to health care personnel.
Particle therapy is a special case of external beam radiation therapy where the particles are protons or heavier ions.
Intraoperative radiation therapy or IORT is a special type of radiation therapy that is delivered immediately after surgical removal of the cancer.
This method has been employed in breast cancer (TARGeted Introperative radiation therapy or TARGIT), brain tumors and rectal cancers.
Radioactive idiodine, as developed in 1911, survives today primarily in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) and some types of thyroid cancer that absorb iodine.
Treatment involves the important iodine isotope iodine-131 (131I), often simply called "radioiodine" (though technically all radioisotopes of iodine are radioiodines; see isotopes of iodine). 
Paget's disease of the breast is a type of cancer of the breast.
Treatment usually involves a lumpectomy or mastectomy to surgically remove the tumour.
Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be necessary, but the specific treatment often depends on the characteristics of the underlying breast cancer.
Invasive cancer or extensive ductal carcinoma "in situ" is primarily treated with modified radical mastectomies.
The procedure consists in the removal of the breast, the lining over the chest muscles and a part of the lymph nodes from under the arm.
In cases of noninvasive cancers, simple mastectomies are performed in which only the breast with the lining over the chest muscles is removed.
Patients suffering from cancer that has not spread beyond the nipple and the surrounding area are often treated with breast-conserving surgery or lumpectomy.
They usually undergo radiation therapy after the actual procedure to prevent recurrence.
A breast-conserving surgery consists in the removal of the nipple, areola and the part of the breast that is affected by cancer.
In most cases, adjuvant treatment is part of the treatment schema.
This type of treatment is normally given to patients with cancer to prevent a potential recurrence of the disease.
Whether adjuvant therapy is needed depends upon the type of cancer and whether the cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes.
In Paget's disease, the most common type of adjuvant therapy is radiation following breast-conservative surgery.
Adjuvant therapy may also consist of anticancer drugs or hormone therapies.
Hormonal therapy reduces the production of hormones within the body, or prevents the hormones from stimulating the cancer cells to grow, and it is commonly used in cases of invasive cancer by means of drugs such as tamoxifen and anastrozole.