community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the definition of wave-particle duality?
About the article "Subatomic particle", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
  AdS/CFT correspondence, (anti de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence), sometimes called the Maldacena duality  Dual resonance model  Duality (electricity and magnetism)  Englert–Greenberger duality relation  Holographic duality  Kramers–Wannier duality  List of dualities (physics)  Mirror symmetry  Montonen–Olive duality  Mysterious duality  String duality is a class of symmetries  * S-duality  * T-duality * U-duality  Wave–particle duality  
Duality principle or principle of duality may refer to:  Duality (projective geometry)  Duality (order theory)  Duality principle (Boolean algebra)  Duality principle for sets  Duality principle (optimization theory)  Lagrange duality  Duality principle in functional analysis, used in the large sieve method of analytic number theory  Wave–particle duality  
Although it is difficult to draw a line separating wave–particle duality from the rest of quantum mechanics, it is nevertheless possible to list some applications of this basic idea.
Wave–particle duality is exploited in electron microscopy, where the small wavelengths associated with the electron can be used to view objects much smaller than what is visible using visible light.
Similarly, neutron diffraction uses neutrons with a wavelength of about 0.1 nm, the typical spacing of atoms in a solid, to determine the structure of solids.  
Wave–particle duality is an ongoing conundrum in modern physics.
Most physicists accept wave-particle duality as the best explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena; however, it is not without controversy.
Alternative views are also presented here.
These views are not generally accepted by mainstream physics, but serve as a basis for valuable discussion within the community. 
Particle radiation is the radiation of energy by means of fast-moving subatomic particles.
Particle radiation is referred to as a particle beam if the particles are all moving in the same direction, similar to a light beam.
Due to the wave-particle duality, all moving particles also have wave character.
Higher energy particles more easily exhibit particle characteristics, while lower energy particles more easily exhibit wave characteristics.
Question: Who played Ferruccio?
About the article "Life Is Beautiful", section "Cast".

Candidate passages:
Ferruccio Diena (born in Turin) was an Italian professional football player.
His younger brother Armando Diena also played for Juventus.
To distinguish them, Ferruccio was known as Diena I and Armando as Diena II. 
Armando Diena (Turin, 8 April 1914 – July 1985) was an Italian professional football player.
His older brother Ferruccio Diena also played for Juventus.
To distinguish them, Ferruccio was known as Diena I and Armando as Diena II. 
Francesco Ferruccio (or Ferrucci) (1489 – August 3, 1530) was an Italian captain from Florence who fought in the Italian Wars. 
Ferruccio Amendola (July 22, 1930 in Turin – September 3, 2001 in Rome) was an actor and Italian voice-over actor who worked for cinema and television. 
Notable former players include Christian Vieri who has played for Juventus F.C., A.C. Milan, Internazionale FC and ACF Fiorentina amongst others as well as Alessandro Diamanti who played for Fiorentina, Livorno, West Ham and currently Bologna and Massimo Maccarone, Massimo Oddo and Carlo Cudicini.
Notable former managers include Ferruccio Valcareggi and Enzo Bearzot.
Question: When was the Statue of Liberty designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
About the article "Statue of Liberty", section "Inscriptions, plaques, and dedications".

Candidate passages:
UNESCO collectively designated the Franciscan structures of Assisi as a World Heritage Site in 2000. 
The Congo Basin was designated as a UNESCO heritage site on July 1, 2012. 
There are several plaques and dedicatory tablets on or near the Statue of Liberty.
A plaque on the copper just under the figure in front declares that it is a colossal statue representing Liberty, designed by Bartholdi and built by the Paris firm of Gaget, Gauthier et Cie ("Cie" is the French abbreviation analogous to "Co.").
A presentation tablet, also bearing Bartholdi's name, declares the statue to be a gift from the people of the Republic of France that honors "the Alliance of the two Nations in achieving the Independence of the United States of America and attests their abiding friendship."
There is a tablet placed by the New York committee that commemorates the fundraising done to build the pedestal.
The cornerstone also bears a plaque placed by the Freemasons.
In 1903, a bronze tablet that bears the text of "The New Colossus" and commemorates Emma Lazarus was presented by friends of the poet.
Until the 1986 renovation, it was mounted inside the pedestal; today it resides in the Statue of Liberty Museum in the base.
It is accompanied by a tablet given by the Emma Lazarus Commemorative Committee in 1977, celebrating the poet's life.
A group of statues stands at the western end of the island, honoring those closely associated with the Statue of Liberty.
Two Americans—Pulitzer and Lazarus—and three Frenchmen—Bartholdi, Laboulaye, and Eiffel—are depicted.
They are the work of Maryland sculptor Phillip Ratner.
In 1984, the Statue of Liberty was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The UNESCO "Statement of Significance" describes the statue as a "masterpiece of the human spirit" that "endures as a highly potent symbol—inspiring contemplation, debate and protest—of ideals such as liberty, peace, human rights, abolition of slavery, democracy and opportunity."
In 2004, It was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range". 
In 2004, It was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range".
Question: What date was "Silver Linings Playbook" released in the US?
About the article "Silver Linings Playbook", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
"Silver Linings Playbook" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 1, 2013 in the UK and was released on April 30, 2013 in the US. 
The Silver Linings Playbook is a 2008 debut novel of American author Matthew Quick. 
"Silver Lining (Crazy ‘Bout You)" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Jessie J.
The track written by Diane Warren is the main theme of the film "Silver Linings Playbook".
The song with gentle piano melody was released on iTunes on 16 November 2012.  
An expanded form of the sentence is a lyric in the Alt-J song "Buffalo" from the soundtrack of "Silver Linings Playbook". 
Ted  "Moonrise Kingdom"  "21 Jump Street"  "Silver Linings Playbook"  "The Pirates!
In an Adventure with Scientists!"
Question: What was the name of Frederick Bartlett's second wife?
About the article "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte", section "Acquisition by the Art Institute of Chicago".

Candidate passages:
The Pimlico Mystery or the Pimlico Poisoning Mystery is the name given to the circumstances surrounding the 1886 death of Thomas Edwin Bartlett, possibly at the hands of his wife, Adelaide Blanche Bartlett, in the Pimlico district of London.
A fatal quantity of chloroform was found in Mr Bartlett's stomach, despite having not caused any damage to his throat or windpipe, and no evidence of how it got there.
Adelaide Bartlett was tried for her husband's murder and was acquitted.
By the jury's own statement in court Mrs Bartlett's acquittal was partly secured because the prosecution could not prove how Mrs Bartlett could have committed the crime. 
Frederick Irby was born on 18 April 1779, the second son of Frederick, 2nd Baron Boston and his wife Christian (née Methuen). 
Helen Pitts (1838 – 1903) was an American suffragist and abolitionist, best known for being the second wife of Frederick Douglass.
She also created the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association. 
  Bartlett's Childers was inbred 3x4 to Spanker.
This means that the stallion appears once in the third generation and once in the fourth generation of the pedigree.
He was also 4x4 inbred to Old Morocco Mare.
Pedigree.
"Note: b.
= Bay, blk.
= Black 
Margrave Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt (13 August 1710 – 10 April 1741, fell in the Battle of Mollwitz) was the second son of Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt and his wife Maria Dorothea of Courland (1684-1743).
He initially served in the Dutch army, and later as a Colonel of the Royal Prussian Mounted Guards.
From 1737, he was a Kinght of the Order of Saint John.
From 1741, he was commander of the Regiment Margrave Charles.
That same year, he fell in the Battle of Mollwitz.
His name is mentioned on the equestrian statue of Frederick the Great on the centerline of Unter den Linden in Berlin.
Question: WHo is indonesia associated with?
About the article "Indonesia", section "Foreign relations and military".

Candidate passages:
 in Indonesia.
Rebana in Indonesia is particularly associated with the Muslim community, such as the Minang in Sumatra and the Betawi in Jakarta. 
Kolintang or kulintang is a bronze and wooden percussion instrument native to eastern Indonesia and also The Philippines.
In Indonesia it is particularly associated with Minahasa people of North Sulawesi, however it also popular in Maluku and Timor. 
Petra Christian Education and Teaching Association is an education association in Indonesia which is associated with the founding of Petra Christian University. 
Hippocampus waleananus was described in 2009 from a single specimen, although photo's of other specimens do exist.
This species is known from Indonesia, associated with soft corals. 
Folklore of Indonesia is known in Indonesian as "dongeng" (lit.
"tale") or "cerita rakyat" (literally "people's story" or "folklore"), refer to any folklore found in Indonesia.
Its origins are probably an oral culture, with a range of stories of heroes associated with wayang and other forms of theatre, transmitted outside of a written culture.
Folklore in Indonesia are closely connected with mythology.
Question: How long is the single It Will Rain?
About the article "It Will Rain", section "Track listing".

Candidate passages:
;Digital download - single
 "It Will Rain" – 4:27
 "It Will Rain" (Music Video)
;German CD single
 "It Will Rain" – 4:17
 "A Thousand Years" (performed by Christina Perri) - 4:45
"How Long Will I Love You?"
is a song by Scottish rock band The Waterboys from their fifth studio album, "Room to Roam" (1990).
Written by Mike Scott, it was released as the album's lead single.
The song was subsequently covered by English recording artist Ellie Goulding and released as the second single from the repackaged edition of her second studio album, "Halcyon", titled "Halcyon Days" (2013). 
"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone" is a 1968 song written and recorded by Buck Owens.
"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone" was the last of eight number ones on the country chart in a row for Buck Owens.
The single spent a single week at number one and a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart.
The song is still performed at the Country Bear Jamboree attraction at certain Disney parks. 
"Move On" is the third Japanese single from Rain. 
 03.
It Will Rain
Question: How many people were killed in the Battle of Moscow?
About the article "Battle of Moscow", section "Casualties".

Candidate passages:
  Transvaal Park, Moscow - in 2004, 28 people were killed when a roof collapsed  
The February 2004 Moscow metro bombing occurred on 6 February 2004 when a male suicide bomber killed 41 people near Avtozavodskaya subway station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line in Moscow.
Up to 120 people were injured in the incident, some of the more common injuries being broken bones and smoke inhalation. 
According to the historian Benjamin Stora, 35 people were killed during the Battle of Bab el Oued and around 150 were wounded.
Six French soldiers were killed by the OAS in a previous ambush. 
The 2012 Moscow shooting was an incident on November 7, 2012, in which six people were killed and one person injured by a lone gunman at a warehouse in northeast Moscow, Russia. 
The 2013 Moscow psychiatric hospital fire occurred on 26 April 2013 at 2:30 am Moscow Time (22:30 GMT).
At least 38 people were killed, included 36 patients and two doctors after fires raged through a psychiatric hospital outside Moscow in the village of Ramenskyon, 70 miles north of Moscow in Moscow Oblast on April 26, 2013.
29 people were burned alive, killing some patients in their beds and others who were trapped by barred windows.
Only 3 people survived, including 2 patients and a nurse.
Question: Who was rescued from the wreckage?
About the article "Attack on Pearl Harbor", section "Niihau Incident".

Candidate passages:
On 16 November 2011 a 95-year-old man was rescued from the wreckage of his car after driving it onto train tracks on Sydney's north shore.
Paramedics took almost an hour to remove the man, who veered off Beechworth Road in Pymble and landed 10 metres down an embankment on the train tracks.
He was taken to hospital with minor injuries. 
A 12-year-old girl was rescued after being spotted clinging to a piece of debris among bodies and wreckage.
She was identified as Bahia Bakari, a Franco-Comoran.
She was picked up during rescue efforts by local fishermen and speedboats sent by authorities on Grande Comore.
She had been holding on to wreckage for 13 hours.
Bakari had been traveling with her mother, who did not survive.
Bahia was released from the hospital in Paris on 23 July 2009 approximately one month after the plane crash. 
Wreckage was one of three Mini-Cons who formed the Energon Saber.
He seems to be unrelated to the first Mini-Con named Wreckage. 
The pilot steamer "Birubi", which was moving past the scene at the time of the sinking, lowered a boat and picked up two loads of people while others were rescued by the Water Police launch.
Fifteen people were treated at the Newcastle Hospital, two were admitted suffering severely from the effects of immersion.
The propellers of the steamer "Wailhemo", heading out to sea the following morning, churned the water which broke up the wreckage and released the bodies of two women.
A third missing woman who was seen on board the ferry by a neighbour was considered the only other victim of the sinking. 
In the second issue of the "" distributed by Target stores online, Wreckage was revealed to be among the Decepticons commanded by Starscream who came to Earth.
Wreckage was the first of them to scan an Earth vehicle form, and was seemingly killed, or at least severely disabled, by a sneak attack from Sector-7 soldiers using an EMP weapon.
The other Decepticons made short work of the humans and left Wreckage behind.
In "Transformers: Alliance" it was revealed that Wreckage had survived and was working with Sector 7.
Transported to a Sector Seven facility, Wreckage was reactivated and was initially cooperative, but turned violent after he learned they were studying him to reproduce transforming drones.
He was offline again, but reawakened when he absorbed a sliver of the Allspark left behind by Optimus Prime.
Rampaging through the facility, Wreckage made short work of the drones, but was confronted by a vengeful Starscream, who had learned of his cooperation with Sector Seven.
The two fought and Wreckage gained the upper hand, furious that Starscream dared to call him a traitor as he felt betrayed when abandoned by the other Decepticons, but he was distracted by Bumblebee and promptly killed by Starscream.
Question: Who created the famous sculpture "The Thinker?"
About the article "The Thinker", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Google honored Auguste Rodin on his 172nd birthday, featuring depicting one of his most famous sculptures, The Thinker; a bronze sculpture on marble pedestal. 
  Auguste Rodin's sculptural group, "The Gates of Hell", draws heavily on the "Inferno".
The component sculpture, "Paolo and Francesca", represents Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta, whom Dante meets in Canto 5.
The version of this sculpture known as "The Kiss" shows the book that Paolo and Francesca were reading.
Other component sculptures include "Ugolino and his children" (Canto 33) and "The Shades", who originally pointed to the phrase ""Lasciate ogne speranza, voi ch'intrate"" ("Abandon all hope, ye who enter here") from Canto 3.
Sculptures of "Grief" and "Despair" cannot be assigned to particular sections of the "Inferno", but are in keeping with the overall theme.
The famous component sculpture "The Thinker", near the top of the gate, represents Dante himself.
Like "The Kiss", it was also produced as an independent work.  
Thinker on a Rock is a bronze sculpture by Barry Flanagan.
It is installed at Washington University in St. Louis, the John and Mary Pappajohn Sculpture Park in Des Moines, Iowa, Utrecht, and the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden. 
Fredericks created this sculpture after George Gough Booth, the founder of Cranbrook Educational Community, asked him to make a "Thinker" for the steps of the Cranbrook Art Museum similar to Auguste Rodin's renowned "The Thinker", a cast of which is at the entrance of the Detroit Institute of Arts.
The pose Fredericks' Thinker assumes is a direct reference to Rodin's sculpture; however, Fredericks' replacement of Rodin's heroic male nude with a bemused chimpanzee is a thought provoking variation on the earlier statue and reveals his fondness for primates.
Fredericks indicated that when Booth saw the compact composition of the chimp stroking his chin, he commented that it was not like Rodin would have done, but Booth was sure the chimp was thinking much more interesting thoughts than most of us. 
Peer Gynt Sculpture Park ("Peer Gynt-parken") is a sculpture park located in Oslo, Norway.
The sculpture park was created in honour of the man who is perhaps Norway’s most internationally known writer, Henrik Ibsen and is a monumental presentation of one of his most famous plays Peer Gynt, act by act.
The park was established in 2006 by Selvaag, the company behind the housing development in the Løren-area and most of the sculptures are the result of an international sculpture competition.
Selvaag was founded by Olav Selvaag and is a family-owned company that has placed sculptures in residential areas for more than 50 years, over 500 sculptures in total.
Question: Who plays Bud Baxter?
About the article "Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)", section "Recurring cast".

Candidate passages:
Cristian Bud (born 26 June 1985 in Baia Mare) is a Romanian footballer who plays as a striker for Gaz Metan Mediaş.
He is of northern irish descent. 
Dreaming is a 1945 British comedy film directed by John Baxter and starring Bud Flanagan, Chesney Allen and Hazel Court.
Its plot concerns a soldier who is knocked unconscious during a battle and has a series of bizarre dreams. 
James Cromwell's son, John Cromwell, plays the young Bud Vogel. 
 "The Haunting" (1963) as Bud Fredericks (uncredited) "It!"
(1966) "Madame Sin" (1972) "Baxter!"
(1973) "Aliens" (1986)  
  1973–91 "Bud" Byfield  1991–2001 John J. Lussick  2001–08 Ken Baxter  2008– Terry House
Question: What is England's average GDP per capita?
About the article "England", section "Economy".

Candidate passages:
Mojácar has the highest GDP per capita in the whole of Andalusia.
The GDP per capita on Mojácar is slightly higher than € 90,000 per yearThe average GDP per capita in Andalusia is €20,453 per year, which is significantly lower than that of Spain as a whole. 
In 1981 Sarajevo's GDP per capita was 133% of the Yugoslav average.
In 2011 Sarajevo's GDP is estimated to be 16.76 billion US$ by the Central Bank of Bosnia, which comprises 37% of the total GDP of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 
England boasts one of the largest economies in Europe and indeed the world, with an average GDP per capita of £22,907.
England's economy is usually regarded as a mixed market economy, it has adopted many free market principles in contrast to the Rhine Capitalism of Europe, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure.
The currency in England is the pound sterling, also known as the GBP.
England prints its own banknotes which are also circulated in Wales.
The economy of England is the largest part of the United Kingdom's economy.
Regional differences:The strength of the English economy varies from region to region.
GDP, and GDP per capita is highest in London.
Generally the Northern and Western areas of England are the poorest, with the Southern and Eastern areas being the richest.
The following table shows the GDP (2004) per capita of England as a whole and each of the nine regions.
Two of the are in England.
Inner London is number 1 with a €71 338 GDP per capita (303% above EU average);Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Oxfordshire is number 7 with a €40 937 GDP per capita (174% above EU average). 
Masovian Voivodeship is the wealthiest in Poland.
It produces 22 % of Polish GDP, and GDP per capita is 160 % of country average. 
The regional per capita GDP of Castile and León is €21,244, slightly lower than the Spanish average of €22,152.
The two most prosperous and industrialized provinces, Valladolid and Burgos, exceed the national per capita GDP.
Question: What country considers avocado a fruit?
About the article "Vegetable", section "Terminology".

Candidate passages:
Dothiorella aromatica is a plant pathogen that causes fruit rot of avocado. 
Avocado oil functions well as a carrier oil for other flavors.
It is high in monounsaturated fats and vitamin E. Avocado oil also enhances the absorption of carotenoids and other nutrients.
Because the avocado is a year-round crop, some olive oil processing facilities, particularly in Australia and New Zealand, process olive oil during the olive season, and avocado oil during the rest of the year.
Avocado oil was originally, and still is, extracted for cosmetic use because of its very high skin penetration and rapid absorption.
Following pre-drying of the avocado flesh to remove as much water as possible (≈65% water in avocado flesh), avocado oil for cosmetics is traditionally extracted with solvents at elevated temperatures.
After extraction, the oil for application in skin care products is usually refined, bleached, and deodorized, resulting in an odorless yellow oil.
Like extra virgin olive oil, cold-pressed avocado oil is unrefined and so retains the flavor and color characteristics of the fruit flesh. 
Eilon derives its income from agriculture (bananas, avocado, exotic fruit, cotton); industry (Eshet Eilon manufactures agri-industrial systems to sort vegetables and fruit; Eilon Mosaic manufactures decorative mosaic); and tourism (Keshet Eilon Country Lodging is a guesthouse).
A world-renowned violin master course called Keshet Eilon takes place annually in Eilon.
Under the musical directorship of Itzhak Rashkovsky, fifty young violinists from around the world spend each summer receiving extensive violin instruction and performing concerts. 
The Choquette avocado is a named commercial cultivar of avocado that originated in south Florida. 
Avocado is native to Central Mexico where its ancient history, established by archaeological evidence, is traced to Tehuacán, in Puebla state, about 12,000 years ago.
Nuevo León state has remnants of primitive avocado trees.
It spread to other countries in the Americas including the United States.
It is a "functional food" in the Americas; the many varieties which grow in Mexico suit the climatic conditions.
In the 1950s, orchards of Fuerte culti­var were established; two decades later, orchards of Hass culti­var were established and it became the country's leading cultivar.
In 2007, the avocado was Mexico’s fifth ranked fruit crop.
Being a staple food, the majority of avocados produced in Mexico are consumed in the country.
Fresh domestic consumption for 2010-11 was forecast at , representing an 8.45 percent increase over the previous year.