Question: When was the scientific study regarding the collapse of the ecosystem published?
About the article "Seafood", section "Sustainability".

Candidate passages:
Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework.
This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals.
Ecosystem ecology examines physical and biological structure and examines how these ecosystem characteristics interact.
The relationship between systems ecology and ecosystem ecology is complex.
Much of systems ecology can be considered a subset of ecosystem ecology.
Ecosystem ecology also utilizes methods that have little to do with the holistic approach of systems ecology.
However, systems ecology more actively considers external influences such as economics that usually fall outside the bounds of ecosystem ecology.
Whereas ecosystem ecology can be defined as the scientific study of ecosystems, systems ecology is more of a particular approach to the study of ecological systems and phenomena that interact with these systems. 
"Neohelice granulata" has emerged since the 1980s as a model species in a variety of biological fields.
Much of the scientific research has focused on the species' tolerance of both fresh water and brine (euryhalinity) and its semiterrestrial habit.
It has also been investigated for research into neurophysiology, toxicology and ecosystem dynamics.
Such breadth of study is unusual for a model organism.
In 2009, Eduardo Spivak tallied the number of scientific papers published about different crab species over the previous 23 years, and found that "Neohelice granulata" was the sixth most studied crab species, after "Carcinus maenas", "Callinectes sapidus", "Scylla serrata", "Cancer pagurus" and "Metacarcinus magister", but ahead of the invasive and edible Chinese mitten crab ("Eriocheir sinensis") and the commercially important "snow crab", "Chionoecetes opilio". 
The "Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion" is published by the Society to provide a forum for empirical papers in the topic area. 
 ecology.
Ecosystem ecology studies "the flow of energy and materials through organisms and the physical environment".
It seeks to understand the processes which govern the stocks of material and energy in ecosystems, and the flow of matter and energy through them.
The study of ecosystems can cover 10 orders of magnitude, from the surface layers of rocks to the surface of the planet.
There is no single definition of what constitutes an ecosystem.
German ecologist Ernst-Detlef Schulze and coauthors defined an ecosystem as an area which is "uniform regarding the biological turnover, and contains all the fluxes above and below the ground area under consideration."
They explicitly reject Gene Likens' use of entire river catchments as "too wide a demarcation" to be a single ecosystem, given the level of heterogeneity within such an area.
Other authors have suggested that an ecosystem can encompass a much larger area, even the whole planet.
Schulze and coauthors also rejected the idea that a single rotting log could be studied as an ecosystem because the size of the flows between the log and its surroundings are too large, relative to the proportion cycles within the log.
Philosopher of science Mark Sagoff considers the failure to define "the kind of object it studies" to be an obstacle to the development of theory in ecosystem ecology.
Ecosystems can be studied through a variety of approaches—theoretical studies, studies monitoring specific ecosystems over long periods of time, those that look at differences between ecosystems to elucidate how they work and direct manipulative experimentation.
Studies can be carried out at a variety of scales, from and mesocosms which serve as simplified representations of ecosystems, through whole-ecosystem studies.
American ecologist Stephen R. Carpenter has argued that microcosm experiments can be "irrelevant and diversionary" if they are not carried out in conjunction with field studies carried out at the ecosystem scale, because microcosm experiments often fail to accurately predict ecosystem-level dynamics.
The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, established in the White Mountains, New Hampshire in 1963, was the first successful attempt to study an entire watershed as an ecosystem.
The study used stream chemistry as a means of monitoring ecosystem properties, and developed a detailed biogeochemical model of the ecosystem.
Long-term research at the site led to the discovery of acid rain in North America in 1972, and was able to document the consequent depletion of soil cations (especially calcium) over the next several decades. 
The North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO) is an "international body for co-operation on conservation, management and study of marine mammals in the North Atlantic.
"NAMMCO - the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission - is an international body for cooperation on the conservation, management and study of marine mammals in the North Atlantic.
The NAMMCO Agreement, was signed in Nuuk, Greenland on 9 April 1992 by Norway, Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, and entered into force 90 days later on 8 July 1992.
The agreement focuses on modern approaches to the study of the marine ecosystem as a whole, and to understanding better the role of marine mammals in this system.
The body was founded in 1992 by its current members Norway, Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.
The organisation came about because the nations were (and continue to be) unhappy with the international management of cetaceans and other marine mammals by the International Whaling Commission.
NAMMCO believes that decisions regarding whaling should be based on scientific principles regarding management of whale populations.
Through regional cooperation, the member countries of NAMMCO aim to strengthen and further develop effective conservation and management measures for marine mammals.
Such measures should be based on the best available scientific evidence, and should take into account both the complexity and vulnerability of the marine ecosystem, and the rights and needs of coastal communities to make a sustainable living from what the sea can provide.
The IWC currently has a moratorium which prohibits all (large species) whaling with a few specific exceptions.
Nations opposed to whaling, such as the United Kingdom, do not recognise NAMMCO's claim to be the right body for management of whale stocks in the North Atlantic, and continue to support the IWC.