Question: In 1989, the Communist governments from what countries became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections?
About the article "Cold War", section "East Europe breaks away".

Candidate passages:
By 1989, the Soviet alliance system was on the brink of collapse, and, deprived of Soviet military support, the Communist leaders of the Warsaw Pact states were losing power.
Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases.
In 1989, the Communist governments in Poland and Hungary became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections.
In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders.
The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising.
Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed.
The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe.
The 1989 revolutionary wave swept across Central and Eastern Europe peacefully overthrew all the Soviet-style communist states: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria, Romania was the only Eastern-bloc country to topple its communist regime violently and execute its head of state.
Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases.
In 1989, the Communist governments in Poland and Hungary became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections.
In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders.
The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising.
Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed.
The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe.
The collapse of the European governments with Gorbachev's tacit consent inadvertently encouraged several Soviet republics to seek greater independence from Moscow's rule.
Agitation for independence in the Baltic states led to first Lithuania, and then Estonia and Latvia, declaring their independence.
Disaffection in the other republics was met by promises of greater decentralization.
More open elections led to the election of candidates opposed to Communist Party rule.
In an attempt to halt the rapid changes to the system, a group of Soviet hard-liners represented by Vice-President Gennady Yanayev launched a coup overthrowing Gorbachev in August 1991.
Russian President Boris Yeltsin rallied the people and much of the army against the coup and the effort collapsed.
Although restored to power, Gorbachev's authority had been irreparably undermined.
In September, the Baltic states were granted independence.
On December 1, Ukraine withdrew from the USSR.
On December 26, 1991 the USSR officially dissolved, breaking up into fifteen separate nations. 
The policies of most communist parties in both Eastern and Western Europe had been governed by the example of the Soviet Union.
In most of the countries in Eastern Europe, following the fall of communist-led governments in 1989, the communist parties split in two factions: a reformist Social Democratic party and a new, less reform-oriented Communist Party.
The newly created Social Democratic parties were generally larger and more powerful than the remaining communist parties; only in Russia, Moldova, and the Czech Republic did the Communist Party remain a significant force.
The ex-communist social democrats gained increasing popularity when the transition to capitalism began to cause economic problems such as poverty and unemployment.
Nearly all of them won national elections in their respective countries at least once in the past 15 years.
In western Europe, many of the self-styled communist political parties reacted by changing their policies to a more moderate and less radical course.
In countries such as Italy and Germany, post-communism is marked by the increased influence of their existing Social Democrats.
The anti-Soviet communist parties in western Europe (e.g., the Trotskyist parties), who felt that the fall of the Soviet Union vindicated their views and predictions, did not particularly prosper from it—in fact, some became less radical as well. 
During the Cold War, most of the countries on the Balkans were governed by communist governments.
Greece became the first battleground of the emerging Cold War.
The Truman Doctrine was the US response to the civil war, which raged from 1944 to 1949.
This civil war, unleashed by the Communist Party of Greece, backed by communist volunteers from neighboring countries (Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia), led to massive American assistance for the non-communist Greek government.
With this backing, Greece managed to defeat the partisans and, ultimately, remained the only non-communist country in the region.
However, despite being under communist governments, Yugoslavia (1948) and Albania (1961) fell out with the Soviet Union.
Yugoslavia, led by Marshal Josip Broz Tito (1892–1980), first propped up then rejected the idea of merging with Bulgaria and instead sought closer relations with the West, later even spearheaded, together with India and Egypt the Non-Aligned Movement.
Albania on the other hand gravitated toward Communist China, later adopting an isolationist position.
As the only non-communist countries, Greece and Turkey were (and still are) part of NATO composing the southeastern wing of the alliance. 
The "Velvet Revolution" was a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that saw the overthrow of the Communist government.
On 17 November 1989 (Friday), riot police suppressed a peaceful student demonstration in Prague, although controversy continues over whether anyone died that night.
That event sparked a series of popular demonstrations from 19 November to late December.
By 20 November the number of peaceful protesters assembled in Prague had swelled from 200,000 the previous day to an estimated half-million.
Four days later, the entire Communist Party leadership, including general secretary Miloš Jakeš, resigned.
A two-hour general strike, involving all citizens of Czechoslovakia, was successfully held on 27 November.
With the collapse of other Communist governments, and increasing street protests, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia announced on 28 November 1989 that it would relinquish power and dismantle the single-party state.
Barbed wire and other obstructions were removed from the border with West Germany and Austria in early December.
On 10 December, President Gustáv Husák appointed the first largely non-Communist government in Czechoslovakia since 1948, and resigned.
Alexander Dubček was elected speaker of the federal parliament on 28 December and Václav Havel the President of Czechoslovakia on 29 December 1989.
In June 1990 Czechoslovakia held its first democratic elections since 1946.
On 27 June 1991 the last Soviet troops were withdrawn from Czechoslovakia.