community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: When was the first calculator made?
About the article "Computer science", section "History".

Candidate passages:
Pascal began to work on his calculator in 1642, when he was only 19 years old.
He had been assisting his father, who worked as a tax commissioner, and sought to produce a device which could reduce some of his workload.
Pascal received a Royal Privilege in 1649 that granted him exclusive rights to make and sell calculating machines in France.
By 1654 Pascal had sold about twenty machines, but the cost and complexity of the Pascaline was a barrier to further sales, and production ceased in that year.
By that time Pascal had moved on to the study of religion and philosophy which gave us both the "Lettres provinciales" and the "Pensées".
Besides being the first calculating machine made public during its time, the pascaline is also:  the only operational mechanical calculator in the 17th century.
the first calculator to have a controlled carry mechanism which allowed for an effective propagation of multiple carries  the first calculator to be used in an office (his father's to compute taxes)  the first calculator commercialized (with around twenty machines built)  the first calculator to be patented ("royal privilege" of 1649)  the first calculator to be described in an encyclopaedia (Diderot & d'Alembert, 1751):  the first calculator sold by a distributor:   
The Sinclair Wrist Calculator was a wrist-worn calculator produced by Sinclair Instruments and introduced in 1977. 
The Millionaire calculator was the first commercially successful mechanical calculator that could perform a direct multiplication.
It was in production from 1893 to 1935 with a total of about five thousand machines manufactured. 
These are some of the manufacturers which made a notable contribution to calculator development: 
The TI-85 was a graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments based around the Zilog Z80 microprocessor.
Designed in 1992 as TI's second graphing calculator (the first was the TI-81), it has since been replaced by the TI-86, which has also been discontinued.
The TI-85 was significantly more powerful than the TI-81, as it was designed as a calculator primarily for use in engineering and calculus courses.
Texas Instruments had included a version of BASIC on the device to allow programming.
Each calculator came with a cable to connect calculators (simply a three-conductor cable with 2.5 mm phone connectors on each end).
Another cable known as the TI-Graph Link was also sold, along with appropriate software, to connect the calculator to a personal computer.
These cables made it possible to save programs and make backups.
Question: What type of virus was recreated in 1918 in laboratories?
About the article "Virus", section "Weapons".

Candidate passages:
The Medway constituency was created in 1885The constituency was abolished in 1918 and recreated in 1983 
The constituency was originally created in 1885, but was abolished in 1918.
For the 1955 general election the constituency was recreated, following a boundary review. 
Vaccinia virus is closely related to the virus that causes cowpox; historically the two were often considered to be one and the same.
The precise origin of vaccinia virus is unknown, however, due to the lack of record-keeping as the virus was repeatedly cultivated and passaged in research laboratories for many decades.
The most common notion is that vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, and variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) were all derived from a common ancestral virus.
There is also speculation that vaccinia virus was originally isolated from horses. 
  Six-page human-interest story on the recreation of the deadly 1918 H1N1 flu virus  Results from analyzing a recreated strain.
Data from   Oral history by 1918 pandemic survivor
Question: Where is the oldest yearly marathon held?
About the article "Marathon", section "Marathon races".

Candidate passages:
"Om die dam" (English: Around the dam") Marathon is a yearly ultramarathon that is held in the South African town of Hartbeespoort (in the North West Province. 
The Rhein-Ruhr-Marathon is a marathon in Duisburg, which was first held in 1981.
It is therefore one of the oldest city marathons in Germany.
In addition to the classic 42.195 kilometer race, the current program also incorporates a half marathon, a marathon for inline-skaters and a wheelchair marathon. 
The Paavo Nurmi Marathon is an annual marathon road running race held during summer in Turku, Finland, the birth city of Paavo Nurmi.
Although various marathons have been held in Turku since 1910, the Paavo Nurmi Marathon was established in 1992.
It is arranged along with Paavo Nurmi Games, a part of Paavo Nurmi happening week.
The route goes through Turku city and Ruissalo park.
The marathon attracts yearly 500 to 1000 participants. 
The Chuncheon International Marathon () is an annual marathon race which is held in late October in the city of Chuncheon, South Korea.
First held in 1946, it is the second oldest marathon in the country after the Seoul International Marathon.
Sponsored by "The Chosun Ilbo", a major daily newspaper in South Korea, the race is one of two in the country which holds IAAF Silver Label status, along with Gyeongju International Marathon. 
The held in Otsu, Shiga, is one of the prominent Japanese marathon races of the year.
It is a male only competition and has IAAF Gold Label status.
It was first held in 1946 and, having taken place every year since then, it is Japan's oldest annual marathon race.
The early editions of the race were held in Osaka until a switch to Tokyo occurred for the 1963–65 marathons, and all subsequent races thereafter were held in Ōtsu, near Lake Biwa, where the race gets its name.
It is sponsored by Mainichi and was known simply as the Mainichi Marathon for a period.
The race begins and ends at the Ojiyama Stadium.
The Lake Biwa Marathon has been selected as the Japanese national marathon championships on dozens of occasions, starting in 1960.
The current course record for the competition is 2:06:13 hours, set by Wilson Kipsang at the 2011 edition.
The competition also hosted the men's Asian Marathon Championship in 1988.
Question: what is Everett's opinion on the chord?
About the article "I Want to Hold Your Hand", section "Musical structure".

Candidate passages:
In minor, a seventh chord built on the supertonic yields a half-diminished seventh chord, which is a very strong predominant chord.
Due to what is considered the harsh nature of root position diminished chords, the ii chord most often appears in first inversion.
The ii chord appears in the natural minor scale and may be considered a minor seventh chord with a flatted fifth and is used in the ii-V-I in minor 
[[File:Diagonal barre chord.png|thumb|Diagonal barre chord: major seventh chord on G. A diagonal barre chord is a "very rare chord" involving "the barring of a couple of strings with the first finger on different frets."
Everett's tree frog or Everett's Timor tree frog (Litoria everetti) is a species of frog in the Hylidae family.
The scientific name commemorates British colonial administrator and zoological collector Alfred Hart Everett. 
The song is in the key of G and opens on "I'll tell you" with a D-B, B-D melody note drop and rise over a I (G) chord.
Controversy exists over the landmark chord that Lennon stated McCartney hit on the piano while they were composing the song.
Marshall considers it is the minor vi (Em) chord (the third chord in the I-V7-vi (G-D7-Em) progression).
Everett is of the same opinion.
Pedler claims, however, that more surprising is the melody note drop from B to F# against a III7 (B7) chord on "understand".
Music theorists are divided over whether this chord is a iii (Bm), a B major, or a B7 or even a B5 power chord with no major or minor defining third.
The Song is in the key of E and begins (on "If you wear red tonight...") with a I–IV-ii7-V7 chord progression (E-A-F#m7-B7) in which the word "to"night"" (B melody note) appears as a "delicately haunting" 4th above the F#m7.
The melodic pitches of this first two bar phrase are repeated (with initial repetition of the G# melody note) on "remember what I said tonight," except that the B melody note on the second "to"night"" is now backed by a ♭VII (D) chord that shapes the B melody note into a more "luscious" 6th.
The chorus ("Yes it is, it's true.
Yes it is, it's true") involves a I (E chord)- III (G# chord)- IV (A chord)- I (E chord) progression in which the major III (G#) chord appears for the first time in the Song to propel the Plagal drop from IV (A) to the tonic I (E) chord.
Question: In what two areas of the world is marzipan left white?
About the article "Marzipan", section "Southern Europe".

Candidate passages:
Around the world.
Southern Europe.
In Italy, particularly in Palermo, marzipan (') is often shaped and painted with food colorings to resemble fruit—'—especially during the Christmas season and on ' (All Souls' Day) on November 2.
May 9 and 10 are also special days for eating marzipan in Sicily.
In Portugal, where the confection has been made by nuns since olden times, traditional marzipan (') fruit-shaped sweets made in the Algarve region are a very common sweet.
There are other regions, as Toledo in Spain in which marzipan is shaped into simple animal shapes, and usually filled in with egg yolk ("") and sugar.
In Greece and Cyprus, marzipan is made in a variety of shapes and sizes and is almost always left white.
In the islands of the Aegean in particular, white marzipan is considered a wedding treat and is served to guests at wedding feasts. 
In Latin American cuisine, marzipan is known by the Castillian word of ' and is also traditionally eaten at Christmas, though ' is generally made with peanuts in place of almonds. 
Although it is believed to have originated in Persia (present-day Iran) and to have been introduced to Europe through the Turks ("badem ezmesi" in Turkish, and most notably produced in Edirne), there is some dispute between Hungary and Italy over its origin.
Marzipan became a specialty of the Baltic Sea region of Germany.
In particular, the city of Lübeck has a proud tradition of marzipan manufacture (Lübecker Marzipan ("PGI")).
The city's manufacturers like Niederegger still guarantee their marzipan to contain two thirds almonds by weight, which results in a product of highest quality.
Historically, the city of Königsberg in East Prussia was renowned for its marzipan production.
Today, the term "Königsberger Marzipan" still refers to a special type of marzipan in Germany.
In Sicily it was (1193) known as "panis martius" or "marzapane", "i.e.
", March Bread. 
In the Indian state of Goa, the Goan Catholic dish "Mazpon" replaces almonds with cashew nuts.
In the Philippines, "" (Spanish for "pili marzipan") is made from pili nuts. 
J. G. Niederegger GmbH & Co. KG is a producer of marzipan and sweets.
It is based in Lübeck, Germany.
Niederegger was founded by Johann Georg Niederegger on 1 March 1806 in Lübeck and is since known for their marzipan for about 200 years.
The company is a family-owned limited private partnership.
Niederegger marzipan is classed as 100% marzipan and contains much less sugar in comparison to other marzipan makers.
In the town center of Lübeck, the always-crowded "Café Niederegger" offers a café, a shop for Niederegger sweets, and a marzipan museum on its upper floors.
Question: What is the number of free internet wi-fi hotspots provided to the public in Bangkok?
About the article "Thailand", section "Internet".

Candidate passages:
In Bangkok, there are 23,000 free wi-fi internet hotspots provided to the public.
The Internet in Thailand also consists of 10Gbit/s high speed fiber-optic lines that can be leased and ISP's such as KIRZ that provide residential internet services.
The internet is censored by the Thai government, making some sites unreachable.
Organisations involved are the Royal Thai Police, the Communications Authority of Thailand, and the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT).
BT Wi-fi is a wi-fi hotspot service provided by BT Group.
BT has the UK's largest wi-fi network, with over 5 million hotspots (correct as of Oct 2013) across the UK.
BT Broadband customers also have access to a further 6.5 million international hotspots (correct as of Oct 2013) through BT's partnership with FON.
All BT Wi-fi hotspots are free to BT Broadband customers, who have unlimited access with their contracts.
Their BT email address and password is used to log-in and customers with a tablet or smartphone can download the free BT Wi-fi app for quick logon at hotspots.
Pre-paid vouchers and subscriptions are available for overseas or non-BT customers.BT Wi-fi hotspots are in places like cafés, hotels, pubs, transport hubs, city centres, homes and independent businesses.
A user can connect to it by connecting to the 'BTWiFi' network name when in range.BT has also adapted some of its public phone boxes to broadcast a BT Wi-fi hotspot.BT Wi-fi premium hotspots were previously branded BT Openzone.
Hotspots at BT Home Hubs were previously branded BT Fon until June 2012, at which time both services were rebranded BT Wi-fi. 
RCS&RDS launched the "Digi Wi-Fi" service in 2011.
It is free to use by all RCS&RDS wired internet subscribers, and free for up to 60 minutes per day for guests.
There are no paid plans available.
Hotspot MapVodafone Romania launched the "Vodafone Wi-Fi" service in 2012.
It allows free connections for up to 60 minutes, after which the user is disconnected.
A new free connection can be made again, after the time is up.
Hotspot MapOrange Romania offers free Wi-Fi hotspots in Bucharest's old center under the "Orange Wi-Fi Zone" brand since 2011.
Hotspot MapCityNet and the vice mayor of Botosani, Cosmin Andrei launched at the Summer Fest 2013 a new service offering free Wi-Fi hotspots in more than 30 locations covering places such as schools, public parks, hospitals and landmark buildings.
Promises were also made to extend in the near future. 
Wi-Fi Hotspots are provided by: 
A hotspot is a site that offers Internet access over a wireless local area network (WLAN) through the use of a router connected to a link to an Internet service provider.
Hotspots typically use Wi-Fi technology.
Hotspots may be found in coffee shops and various other public establishments in many developed urban areas throughout the world.
Question: How far do the origins of wrestling go back?
About the article "Wrestling", section "History".

Candidate passages:
Winner: David Lodge, "How Far Can You Go?"
Wrestling represents one of the oldest forms of combat.
Literary references to it occur as early as in the Iliad, in which Homer recounts the Trojan War of the 13th or 12th century BC.
The origins of wrestling go back 15,000 years through cave drawings in France.
Babylonian and Egyptian reliefs show wrestlers using most of the holds known in the present-day sport.
In ancient Greece wrestling occupied a prominent place in legend and literature; wrestling competition, brutal in many aspects, served as the focal sport of the ancient Olympic Games.
The ancient Romans borrowed heavily from Greek wrestling, but eliminated much of its brutality.
During the Middle Ages (fifth century to fifteenth century) wrestling remained popular and enjoyed the patronage of many royal families, including those of France, Japan and England.
Early European settlers in America brought a strong wrestling tradition with them if they came from England.
The settlers also found wrestling to be popular among Native Americans.
Amateur wrestling flourished throughout the early years of the North American colonies and served as a popular activity at country fairs, holiday celebrations, and in military exercises.
The first organized national wrestling tournament took place in New York City in 1888, and wrestling has been an event at every modern Olympic Games since the 1904 games in Saint Louis, Missouri (a demonstration had been performed at the first modern Olympics).
The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) originated in 1912 in Antwerp, Belgium.
The 1st NCAA Wrestling Championships were also held in 1912, in Ames, Iowa.
USA Wrestling, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, became the national governing body of amateur wrestling in 1983.
It conducts competitions for all age-levels.
Kstovo's best known sporting venue is The World Academy of Sambo, which has hosted many national and international Sambo wrestling competitions.
Its origins go back to 1964, when the first local Sambo club was formed.
In October 1976, a Sambo School building was opened on the western edge of the town; in 1995, in time for the Sambo World Cup, a new, taller building was constructed next to it, the facility becoming known as the "World Academy of Sambo". 
Thumb Wrestling Federation: TWF is based on large Professional Wrestling promotions such as the World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly World Wrestling Federation).
It was created by Devon Ott of Long Island, New York. 
Erasmus attributed the origins of the phrase to Diogenianus.
Question: How fast will the next generation of broadand be in South Korea?
About the article "South Korea", section "Environment".

Candidate passages:
The Republic of Korea (South Korea) will be competing, under the name Korea, at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver. 
South Korea will be competing in wheelchair curling. 
In July 2012, Kia unveiled the next-generation Cerato as the Korean-market Kia K3.
The sedan will be sold in the United States as Forte, available starting from mid-2013.
A coupe and five-door hatchback will be released later on.
The new Cerato will be produced in South Korea at Kia's Hwasung Plant. 
Sukhoi states that the main export advantage of the PAK FA is its lower cost than current US fifth generation jet fighters.
Russia was reported to be offering the PAK FA for South Korea's next generation jet fighter.
South Korea's defence procurement agency confirmed that the Sukhoi PAK FA was a candidate for the Republic of Korea Air Force's next-generation fighter (F-X Phase 3) aircraft; however, Sukhoi did not submit a bid by the January 2012 deadline.
Russia's Centre for Analysis of World Arms Trade predicts that the PAK FA will be available for export in 2025; though this may include the Sukhoi/HAL FGFA for India, the primary export version.
Ruslan Pukhov, director of the Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, has projected that Vietnam will be the second export customer for the fighter.
In 2012, Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov said that Russia and India would jointly build the export version of the T-50 starting in 2020.
In 2013, United Aircraft Corporation president Mikhail Pogosyan said that the Russian PAK FA and the Sukhoi/HAL FGFA will use the "identical onboard systems and avionics".
In 2013, Russia made an unsolicited call for Brazil to help in developing a next-generation fighter based on the T-50. 
The "Tide"-class tanker are a proposed class of four large fast fleet tankers for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) of the United Kingdom.
Originally known under the project name Military Afloat Reach and Sustainability tankers (MARS), they will be tasked with providing fuel, food, fresh water, ammunition and other supplies to Royal Navy vessels around the world.
The vessels were ordered on 22 February 2012 in an order worth £452 million.
The ships were designed by BMT Defence Services in Bath, England but will be constructed in South Korea and have a projected in-service date of 2016.
In July 2013, the Norwegian government selected a 26,000 tonne variant of the AEGIR design as the Navy's next logistic and support vessel; if a contract is confirmed, the new tanker will also be built in South Korea and is scheduled for service entry in October 2016.
Question: when did AMC become interested in the spinoff?
About the article "Breaking Bad", section "Spin-off".

Candidate passages:
Hudson merged with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation in 1954 to become American Motors Corporation.
The Hudson name was retired in 1957, in the face of continually declining sales.
The Hornet name was used by AMC for their compact sedan from 1970 to 1977.
AMC raced the AMC Javelin in the Trans-Am Series and the AMC Matador in NASCAR.
They did well enough to win the Trans-Am Series, and try again with a new fastback coupe in NASCAR.
The Chrysler Corporation (now partially owned by Fiat Group) subsequently bought AMC in 1987.
Chrysler continues to race its Dodge brand in NASCAR as well as the spinoff Ram Trucks division in NASCAR's Camping World Truck Series.
The Hornet name has since been revived on the subcompact Dodge Hornet for Europe. 
The AMC 15 saw use in many AMC model vehicles. 
A spinoff titled was released in 2008 in Japan.
It had the same characters as "Rockin' Pretty", but was a figure skating game.
When it was released in America, the characters were changed into entirely different girls. 
The AMC Electron was an American concept automobile built in 1977 by American Motors Corporation (AMC). 
The series began development in 2008 when it was originally planned to air on AMC with Walton Goggins set to play the lead role.
Three years after originally being developed at AMC, SundanceTV announced it had ordered the series for six episodes, to become the channel's first original scripted series.
Production for the second season began on February 3, 2014, in Griffin, Georgia.
Question: Who covered Viva la Vida?
About the article "Viva la Vida", section "Other recorded cover versions".

Candidate passages:
  Viva la Vida Tour by Coldplay  
  "Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends", 2008 Coldplay album  "Viva la Vida", 1991 album by Joan Sebastian  "Viva la Vida", 2012 album by Vikki Carr  
Coldplay perform Viva la Vida from the album Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends. 
"Viva la Vida" is a song by Coldplay. 
"Viva la Vida" is a Coldplay song written by Guy Berryman, Jon Buckland, Will Champion and Chris Martin.
Viva la Vida may also refer to: