Question: What is something that gives a free throw to the opposing team?
About the article "Basketball", section "Abstract".

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In basketball, free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points from a restricted area on the court (the free throw line; informally known as the foul line), and are generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team.
Each successful free throw is worth one point. 
The ball becomes dead and a throw-in is awarded to the opposing team out of bounds nearest the point where the violation took place under NCAA and NFHS rules.
Under NBA rules, the ball is awarded to the opposing team at the nearest spot but no closer to the baseline than the free throw line extended. 
If an opposing player fails to respect the required distance (2m) before the ball is in play or otherwise unfairly distracts or impedes the thrower, he or she may receive a caution (yellow card) for unsporting behavior.
If the thrower fails to deliver the ball as per the required procedure, or delivers it from a point other than where the ball left the field of play, the throw-in is awarded to the opposing team.
This is commonly known as a "foul throw", though such throws are not considered fouls.
It is an infringement for the thrower to touch the ball a second time until it has been touched by another player; this is punishable by an indirect free kick to the opposing team from where the offence occurred, unless the second touch was also a more serious handling offence, in which case it is punishable by a direct free kick or penalty kick.
A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw in, nor can an own-goal.
The restarts for each are a goal kick for the defending team, and a corner kick for the opposing team, respectively.
A goal keeper cannot handle a ball thrown directly to him/her by a teammate.
This cannot be circumvented by the keeper using their feet first before handling the ball.
If this infringement occurs within the goalkeeper's penalty area, an indirect free kick is awarded.
If the infringement occurs outside the goalkeeper's penalty area, a direct free kick is awarded.
If, in the event that the goalkeeper takes the throw-in, the goalkeeper cannot touch the ball again until it has touched another player once it is in play.
The proper restart for this infringement is an indirect free kick. 
Under NCAA and NFHS rules, if a double dribble violation occurs, then the ball is awarded to the opposing team out of bounds nearest the point where the violation took place.
Under NBA rules, the ball is awarded to the opposing team at the nearest spot, but no closer to the baseline than the free throw line extended. 
Penalties – For infractions of the rules, a team is penalized by bonuses being rewarded to the opposing team.
And one – The free throw awarded to a shooter who is fouled while scoring.
Bonus – under NCAA and NFHS rules, a team is "in the bonus" when its opponent has seven, eight or nine team fouls in a half and so gains a "one and one" opportunity on each non-shooting foul.
The opposing team is "over the limit."
See also "double bonus" and "penalty".
Double bonus – (NCAA and NFHS) when a team accumulates 10 or more fouls in a half, the other team is "in the double bonus", earning two free throws on each subsequent non-shooting foul by the defense.
See also "bonus" and "penalty".
Free throw – a bonus awarded upon being fouled by a member of the opposing team, in which a player gets to stand at the free throw line unopposed and attempt to make a basket while everyone else is required to stand aside until the shot is over.
In cases where more than one free throw is awarded, the other players must wait until after the last shot is executed before play resumes.
Penalty – once a team reaches a set number of team fouls in a playing period, varying by governing body, the fouled team gets free throws instead of possession of the ball.
The fouling team is "over the limit."
See also "bonus" and "double bonus".
One-and-one – (NCAA and NFHS) A free-throw attempt which, if made, allows the player a second free-throw attempt.
See also "bonus".
Turnover – A loss of possession.