Question: Damage has occurred on which part of the Sphinx?
About the article "Great Sphinx of Giza", section "Racial characteristics".

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Over the years several authors have commented on what they perceive as "Negroid" characteristics in the face of the Sphinx.
This issue has become part of the Ancient Egyptian race controversy, with respect to the ancient population as a whole.
The face of the Sphinx has been damaged over the millennia.
Sphinx Systems Limited is a Swiss-based manufacturer of high quality pistols used mainly by special forces, elite police units and sports shooters.
Sphinx was founded in 1876, specializing in tooling and machining, and then diversified into the firearms industry during the 1980's.
Sphinx is best known for its ongoing development of the original Czech designed CZ 75 pistol, which has been evolved into the Sphinx 2000, Sphinx 3000 custom competition pistol, and Sphinx SDP Compact.
Sphinx started its work with pistols based on the CZ 75 design when they redesigned the ITM AT-84 licensed copy of the Czech CZ 75 and ITM AT-88, a first evolution of the CZ 75 that had been developed in Switzerland by ITM who later went out of business.
Sphinx manufactures all pistols in Switzerland, slides are made from solid billet steel, frames from casts, forgings or also from billet, and fits each pistol with high quality barrels.
Each pistol part is machined to extremely close tolerances and assembled by Sphinx master gunsmiths, which has given Sphinx the reputation for creating extremely accurate and reliable firearms.
All Sphinx pistols except the AT380 are shipped with an actual test target, which confirms the accuracy of each pistol.
Past Sphinx pistols were not mass produced and were hand fitted to tight tolerances, so Sphinx pistols were more expensive than mass-produced products.
In 2010 Sphinx joined KRISS Group and began production of the SDP Compact in 2012.
The SPD Compact is Sphinx's first mass produced firearm, which lowered the price by over 66%; partly due to Sphinx earning their ISO certification in 2013.
Initial reviews have been very positive and the Sphinx SDP Compact has been featured in Combat Handguns, Recoil (which found it to be 25% more accurate than a full size CZ SP-01), and more.
Although Sphinx products were historically imported to the United States by SILE corporation, and until 2008 by SABRE Defense Industries.
Sphinx products are presently being imported into the US by KRISS USA in Virginia Beach, VA. 
The one-metre-wide nose on the face is missing.
Examination of the Sphinx's face shows that long rods or chisels were hammered into the nose, one down from the bridge and one beneath the nostril, then used to pry the nose off towards the south.
The Arab historian al-Maqrīzī, writing in the 15th century, attributes the loss of the nose to iconoclasm by Muhammad Sa'im al-Dahr, a Sufi Muslim from the khanqah of Sa'id al-Su'ada.
In AD 1378, upon finding the local peasants making offerings to the Sphinx in the hope of increasing their harvest, Sa'im al-Dahr was so outraged that he destroyed the nose, and was hanged for vandalism.
Al-Maqrīzī describes the Sphinx as the "talisman of the Nile" on which the locals believed the flood cycle depended.
There is also a story that the nose was broken off by a cannonball fired by Napoleon's soldiers, that still lives on today.
Other variants indict British troops, the Mamluks, and others.
Sketches of the Sphinx by the Dane Frederic Louis Norden, made in 1738 and published in 1757, show the Sphinx missing its nose.
In addition to the lost nose, a ceremonial pharaonic beard is thought to have been attached, although this may have been added in later periods after the original construction.
Egyptologist Vassil Dobrev has suggested that had the beard been an original part of the Sphinx, it would have damaged the chin of the statue upon falling.
The lack of visible damage supports his theory that the beard was a later addition. 
Zahi Hawass, former Egyptian minister of state for antiquities affairs and secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, was asked in an interview on the PBS series NOVA if it was possible that a more ancient civilization might have sculpted the Sphinx.
Hawass replied: "Of course it is not possible for one reason ….
No single artefact, no single inscription, or pottery, or anything has been found until now, in any place to predate the Egyptian civilization more than 5,000 years ago."
This reasoning and conclusion was supported in a similar NOVA interview by Mark Lehner, another senior Egyptologist.
Other archaeologists who have made similar criticisms include Kenneth Feder.
A different argument used by Egyptologists to ascribe the Sphinx to Khafra is the "context" theory, which notes that the Sphinx is located in the context of the funerary complex surrounding the Second Pyramid, which is traditionally connected with Khafra.
Apart from the Causeway, the Pyramid and the Sphinx, the complex also includes the Sphinx Temple and the Valley Temple, both of which display the same architectural style, with 100-tonne stone blocks quarried out of the Sphinx enclosure.
A diorite statue of Khafre, which was discovered buried upside down along with other debris in the Valley Temple, is claimed as support for the Khafra theory.
Reader agrees that the Sphinx Temple and Valley Temple are closely associated with the Sphinx, as is the Causeway and even part of the Khafra Mortuary Temple, but suggests this evidence merely indicates these structures also predate Khafra and does not link the Sphinx in any way to Khafra.
Rainer Stadelmann, former director of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo suggests Khufu, Khafre's father, was the builder of the Sphinx and contends Khafra's Causeway was built to conform to a pre-existing structure which he concludes, given its location, could only have been the Sphinx.
Hawass (an Egyptologist, not a geologist) points to the poor quality of much of the Giza limestone as the basis for the significant erosion levels.
He has concluded, from the present-day rapid rate of erosion on the Member II surface of the Sphinx, that "he eleven hundred years between Khafre and the first major restoration in the Eighteenth Dynasty, or even half this time, would have been more than enough to erode the Member II into the deep recesses behind Phase I restoration masonry".
However Schoch states that other structures and surfaces on the Giza Plateau are made from the same band of limestone as the Sphinx enclosure, but they do not show the same erosion as the walls of the Sphinx enclosure.
Peter Lacovara, an Egyptologist and curator at the M. C. Carlos Museum in Emory University, assigns "some of the erosional features" on the enclosure walls to quarrying activities rather than weathering, and states that other wear and tear on the Sphinx itself is due to groundwater percolation and wind erosion.