Question: Who was the first European to see Victoria Falls?
About the article "Victoria Falls", section "Pre-colonial history".

Candidate passages:
  November 17 - Dr David Livingstone becomes the first European to see the Victoria Falls.  
History since 1900.
Victoria Falls Bridge initiates tourism.
European settlement of the Victoria Falls area started around 1900 in response to the desire of Cecil Rhodes' British South Africa Company for mineral rights and imperial rule north of the Zambezi, and the exploitation of other natural resources such as timber forests north-east of the falls, and ivory and animal skins.
Before 1905, the river was crossed above the falls at the Old Drift, by dugout canoe or a barge towed across with a steel cable.
Rhodes' vision of a Cape-Cairo railway drove plans for the first bridge across the Zambezi and he insisted it be built where the spray from the falls would fall on passing trains, so the site at the Second Gorge was chosen.
See the main article Victoria Falls Bridge for details.
From 1905 the railway offered accessible travel to whites from as far as the Cape in the south and from 1909, as far as the Belgian Congo in the north.
In 1904 the Victoria Falls Hotel was opened to accommodate visitors arriving on the new railway.
The falls became an increasingly popular attraction during British colonial rule of Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), with the town of Victoria Falls becoming the main tourist centre. 
Frank Oates (1840–1875) was a British naturalist, explorer and uncle to Antarctic explorer Lawrence Oates.
He was one of the first Europeans to see the Victoria Falls. 
Ripon Falls at the northern end of Lake Victoria in Uganda was formerly considered the source of the river Nile.
In 1862–3 John Hanning Speke was the first European to follow the course of the Nile downstream after discovering the falls that his intuition had marked as the source of the Nile.
The water from Ripon Falls falls into a narrow opening and that is where some people believe the River Nile starts.
He named the falls after George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon.
The Falls functioned as a natural outlet for Lake Victoria, until in 1954 the construction of Owen Falls Dam was completed, effectively extending Lake Victoria and submerging Ripon Falls.  
Archaeological sites around the falls have yielded "Homo habilis" stone artifacts from 3 million years ago, 50,000-year-old Middle Stone Age tools and Late Stone Age (10,000 and 2,000 years ago) weapons, adornments and digging tools.
Iron-using Khoisan hunter-gatherers displaced these Stone Age people and in turn were displaced by Bantu tribes such as the southern Tonga people known as the Batoka/Tokalea, who called the falls "Shungu na mutitima".
The Matabele, later arrivals, named them "aManz' aThunqayo", and the Batswana and Makololo (whose language is used by the Lozi people) call them "Mosi-o-Tunya".
All these names mean essentially "the smoke that thunders".
A map from c.1750 drawn by Jacques Nicolas Bellin for Abbé Antoine François Prevost d'Exiles marks the falls as "cataractes" and notes a settlement to the north of the Zambezi as being friendly with the Portuguese at the time.
Earlier still Nicolas de Fer's 1715 map of southern Africa has the fall clearly marked in the correct position.
It also has dotted lines denoting trade routes that David Livingstone followed 140 years later.
The first European to see the falls was David Livingstone on 17 November 1855, during his 1852–56 journey from the upper Zambezi to the mouth of the river.
The falls were well known to local tribes, and Voortrekker hunters may have known of them, as may the Arabs under a name equivalent to "the end of the world".
Europeans were sceptical of their reports, perhaps thinking that the lack of mountains and valleys on the plateau made a large falls unlikely.
Livingstone had been told about the falls before he reached them from upriver and was paddled across to a small island that now bears the name Livingstone Island in Zambia.
Livingstone had previously been impressed by the Ngonye Falls further upstream, but found the new falls much more impressive, and gave them their English name in honour of Queen Victoria.
He wrote of the falls, "No one can imagine the beauty of the view from anything witnessed in England.
It had never been seen before by European eyes; but scenes so lovely must have been gazed upon by angels in their flight.
"In 1860, Livingstone returned to the area and made a detailed study of the falls with John Kirk.
Other early European visitors included Portuguese explorer Serpa Pinto, Czech explorer Emil Holub, who made the first detailed plan of the falls and its surroundings in 1875 (published in 1880), and British artist Thomas Baines, who executed some of the earliest paintings of the falls.
Until the area was opened up by the building of the railway in 1905, though, the falls were seldom visited by other Europeans.