community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What year did the European Lacrosse Federation begin running the European Championships?
About the article "Lacrosse", section "European Lacrosse Foundation".

Candidate passages:
The next largest international field lacrosse competition are the European Lacrosse Championships, held for both men and women's teams.
Since 1995, the European Lacrosse Federation (ELF) has been running the European Championships.
Before 2001 they held the Championships annually, but that year the ELF changed the format to every four years, between the World Championships.
Before 2004, only seven nations had ever participated.
In 2004 a record number of countries participated, fielding 12 men's and 6 women's teams, making it the largest international lacrosse event of the year.
In 2008 the European Lacrosse Championships were held in Lahti, Finland, with 18 competing countries.
England placed first with the Netherlands and Germany placing second and third, respectively.
The most recent ELF Championships were held in Amsterdam in 2012.
England was victorious over Ireland in the championship game, and Sweden took third place.
European Lacrosse Federation (ELF) is the sport governing body of men and women's lacrosse in the Europe.
The 26 member federation has its headquarters in London, England.
The ELF sponsors the European Lacrosse Championships under field lacrosse rules, and the annual box lacrosse Aleš Høebeský Memorial tournament in Prague.
The Aleš Høebeský Memorial tournament is the largest European box lacrosse tournament.  
The Spain men's national lacrosse team represents Spain at men's field lacrosse events.
Since 2008, Spain plays in the World Lacrosse Championship and the European Lacrosse Championships. 
European Karate Championships is the Karate European Championship organized by the European Karate Federation each year.
Events from 1966 to 1996 were organized by the European Karate Union. 
The Dutch Lacrosse Association () is the official governing body of lacrosse in the Netherlands.
The Nederland Lacrosse Bond sponsors both a men's and women's national team.
The national team programs are supported by a burgeoning domestic club league (the DNLL consists of 12 men's teams, while the WDNLL supports 6 female teams).
The NLB is a full member of both the International Lacrosse Federation (ILF) and the European Lacrosse Federation (ELF).
The Netherlands' first international tournament was in 2004 when the men's team competed at the European Lacrosse Championships in Prague, Czech Republic.
The team finished 9th out of 12 countries.
Since then, the men's national team has competed at the World Lacrosse Championships in 2006, the European Lacrosse Championships in 2008, and a host of smaller invitational club tournaments throughout Europe.
The women's first campaign was in 2008 when the team participated at the European Lacrosse Championships in Lahti, Finland.
Question: In Berlin, what distinguishes a "Berliner" from a "Kameruner"?
About the article "Doughnut", section "Germany".

Candidate passages:
In parts of Germany, the doughnut equivalents are called "Berliner" (sg.
and pl.
), but not in the capital city of Berlin itself and neighboring areas, where they are called "Pfannkuchen" (which is often found misleading by people in the rest of Germany, who use the word Pfannkuchen to describe a pancake, which is also the literal translation of it).
In middle Germany, they are called "Kreppel" or "Pfannkuchen".
In southern Germany, they are also called "Krapfen" and are especially popular during Carnival season ("Karneval"/"Fasching") in southern and middle Germany and on New Year's Eve in northern Germany.
"Berliner" do not have the typical ring shape, but instead are solid and usually filled with jam, while a ring-shaped variant called "Kameruner" is common in Berlin and eastern Germany.
"Bismarcks" and "Berlin doughnuts" are also found in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland and the U.S. Today, American style doughnuts are also available in Germany, but are less popular than their native counterparts.
Berliner Literarische Aktion (Berlin Literary Action) is a literary organization based in Berlin. 
Berliner FC Dynamo (commonly "Dynamo Berlin" or "BFC Dynamo") is a German football club and is the successor organization to the club that played in East Berlin as "Dynamo Berlin" from 1953 to 1966. 
The Berliner Morgen-Zeitung was a daily morning newspaper in Berlin, Germany. 
Berliner is most often used to designate a citizen of Berlin, Germany, but may also refer to:  The Berliner (film), a 1948 German motion picture directed by Robert A. Stemmle  Berliner (doughnut), an edible  Berliner (format), a paper size in newspapers  Berliner (surname)  Berliner (train), the CityNightLine line on the Zürich-Berlin Ostbahnhof route  "Ich bin ein Berliner", a famous speech by John F. Kennedy  Berliner Gramophone, a record label  Berliner Aircraft Company, now Berliner-Joyce Aircraft  Berliner Zeitung, a newspaper  Berliner Motor Corporation, a defunct US motorcycle distributor of the 50s through 80s
Question: Who regained Russia's independence and took the title of "Grand Duke of all the Russias"?
About the article "Russia", section "Grand Duchy of Moscow".

Candidate passages:
  6 July 1796 – 1 December 1825: "His Imperial Highness" Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich of Russia  1 December 1825 – 2 March 1855: "His Imperial Majesty" The Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias  
Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia, (; "Kirill Vladimirovich Romanov"; – 12 October 1938) was a member of the Russian Imperial Family.
After the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the deaths of Tsar Nicholas II and his brother Michael, Cyril assumed the Headship of the Imperial Family of Russia and later the title "Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias". 
Vladimir Kirillovich, Grand Duke of Russia (Cyrillic: Влади́мир Кири́ллович Рома́нов; 21 April 1992) claimed to be the Head of the Imperial Family of Russia and Titular Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, from 1938 to his death. 
  "Her Grand Ducal Highness" Princess Louise of Baden (1779–1793)  "Her Imperial Highness" Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexeievna of Russia (1793–1801)  "Her Imperial Majesty" The Empress of all the Russias (1801–1825)  "Her Imperial Majesty" The Dowager Empress of all the Russias (1825–1826)  
  10 March 1845 – 2 March 1865: "His Imperial Highness" Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia  2 March 1865 – 13 March 1881: "His Imperial Highness" The Tsarevitch of Russia  13 March 1881 – 1 November 1894: "His Imperial Majesty" The Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
Question: How many Japanese people died at the Battle of Midway?
About the article "Battle of Midway", section "Japanese casualties".

Candidate passages:
  The Japanese Story of the Battle of Midway, prepared by U.S.
Naval Intelligence from captured Japanese documents  "Battle of Midway Movie" (1942) – U.S. Navy propaganda film directed by John Ford.
"Victory At Sea: Midway Is East" (1952) – Episode 4 from a 26-episode series about naval combat during World War II.
The Course to Midway Turning Point in the Pacific, Comprehensive historic overview created by Bill Spencer  Naval Historical Center Midway Page  "The Japanese Story of the Battle of Midway" – "ONI Review" – Vol.
2, No.
5 (May 1947)  
The Japanese take Midway Island away from the American forces there, and start a bombing campaign against the Hawaiian Islands.
All US Navy front-line aircraft carriers, except for the USS Ranger, are sunk at the Battle of Midway.
The Heavy Cruiser USS Boise is sunk by a Japanese submarine. 
On June 3, 1942, the Japanese Navy attacked Dutch Harbor.
Originally planned to start at the same time as the battle of Midway, it occurred a day earlier due to one-day delay in the sailing of Nagumo's task force.
43 Americans and at least one Japanese died during the attacks, which lasted for two days.
The base remained an important part of coastal defenses for the remainder of World War II. 
Midway is a wargame by Avalon Hill which simulates the Battle of Midway, during World War II.
The game is designed for 2 or more players and details the battle primarily at the squadron level.
The object of the game rests on the shoulders of the Japanese player, who must successfully invade the island of Midway with the heavy cruiser "Atago" within the time frame of the game.
The United States player seeks to prevent this from happening. 
, was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
He commanded Destroyer Squadron 10 which participated in several important naval battles at the Battle of Midway, Guadalcanal Campaign, and the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Question: Who expected the eighth period on the periodic table to follow previously established patterns?
About the article "Periodic table", section "Further periodic table extensions".

Candidate passages:
It is unclear whether new elements will continue the pattern of the current periodic table as period 8, or require further adaptations or adjustments.
Seaborg expected the eighth period to follow the previously established pattern exactly, so that it would include a two-element s-block for elements 119 and 120, a new g-block for the next 18 elements, and 30 additional elements continuing the current f-, d-, and p-blocks.
More recently, physicists such as Pekka Pyykkö have theorized that these additional elements do not follow the Madelung rule, which predicts how electron shells are filled and thus affects the appearance of the present periodic table.
The periodic table was constructed by scientists who noticed periodic trends in known elements of the time.
Indeed, the patterns found in it is what gives the periodic table its power.
Many of the chemical and physical differences between the 6th period (Cs–Rn) and the 5th period (Rb–Xe) arise from the larger relativistic effects for the former.
These relativistic effects are particularly large for gold and its neighbors, platinum and mercury. 
  Period, the time taken for one full oscillation; see on frequency  Orbital period, the time for one object to complete an orbit around another  Period (periodic table), a horizontal row of the periodic table  Period, euphemism for menstruation, the periodic discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (the endometrium) from the uterus and vagina  Period (gene), a gene in "Drosophila" involved in regulating circadian rhythm  Period (geology), a subdivision of geologic time  
Chemical series information for elements past hassium (except copernicium), is hypothetical and based on periodic trends.
Superheavy elements may not exist, and may not follow the order of this table even if they do.
This periodic table is based on computer modelling of the positions of elements by B. Fricke. 
'"Periodic table highlighting dietary elements
Question: Where is Donatello's final resting place?
About the article "Donatello", section "Last years in Florence".

Candidate passages:
Møller died on 16 April 2012, aged 98.
He was survived by his three daughters.
A funeral ceremony was held on 21 April in the Church of Holmen followed by a private ceremony in Hellerup Church, north of Copenhagen where his final resting place, among other deceased family members, is located. 
Yayway Cemetery (, also spelt Yeway Cemetery) is a cemetery located in North Okkalapa Township, Yangon, Myanmar.
The cemetery is the final resting place of many prominent Burmese. 
This village is the final resting place of the Great Chola dynasty emperor Raja Raja Chola I,though it remains less known than the temples he built far off. 
There is a Post Office named Butterfield Station, in Utica, New York, final home and resting place of John Butterfield. 
Cihu Mausoleum (慈湖陵寢) is the final resting place of the former president of Republic of China, Chiang Kai-Shek.
Question: Which vitamin is orange juice rich in?
About the article "Juice", section "Health benefits".

Candidate passages:
Grapefruit juice is the fruit juice from grapefruits.
It is rich in Vitamin C and ranges from sweet-tart to very sour.
Variations include white grapefruit, pink grapefruit and ruby red grapefruit juice. 
The kinnow fruit is large and orange, with 12 to 25 seeds and a globular shape.
It matures in January or February.
This "easy peel" citrus has assumed special economic importance and export demand due to its high juice content, special flavour, and as a rich source of vitamin C. The factors which have contributed to the success of this fruit are its beautiful golden-orange colour (a major asset from a marketing viewpoint), its abundant juice, and its excellent aroma and taste.
Its trees are highly productive; it is not uncommon to find 1000 fruits per tree.
Handsome returns, much higher than those obtained from most of other fruit crops, can be had from well looked-after kinnow orchards by adopting proper methods of cultivation. 
A small fraction of fresh orange juice is canned.
Canned orange juice retains Vitamin C much better than bottled juice.
The canned product loses flavor, however, when stored at room temperature for more than 12 weeks.
In the early years of canned orange juice, the acidity of the juice caused the juice to have a metallic taste.
In 1931, Dr. Philip Phillips developed a flash pasteurization process that eliminated this problem and significantly increased the market for canned orange juice. 
Orange juice refers to the juice of oranges.
It is made by squeezing the fresh orange, by drying and later re-hydrating the juice, or by concentration of the juice and later adding water to the concentrate.
It is known for its health benefits, particularly its high concentration of vitamin C. It comes in several different varieties, including blood orange.
In American English, the slang term "O.J."
may also be used to refer to "orange juice".
Due to the importance of oranges to the economy of the state of Florida, "the juice obtained from mature oranges of the species Citrus sinensis and hybrids thereof" was adopted as the official beverage of Florida in 1967. 
Commercial orange juice and concentrate.
Frozen concentrated orange juice.
Commercial squeezed orange juice is pasteurized and filtered before being evaporated under vacuum and heat.
After removal of most of the water, this concentrated juice, about 65% sugar by weight, is then stored at about .
Essences, Vitamin C, and oils extracted during the vacuum concentration process may be added back to restore flavor.
(see additives, below)When water is added to freshly thawed concentrated orange juice, it is said to be "reconstituted".
The product was developed in 1948 at the University of Florida's Citrus Research and Education Center.
Since, it has emerged as a commodity product, and futures contracts have traded in New York since 1966.
Options on FCOJ were introduced in 1985.
From the late 1950s to the mid-1980s, the product had the greatest orange juice market share, but not-from-concentrate juices surpassed FCOJ in the 1980s.
Question: Is the taste of Udon regional?
About the article "Udon", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Udon Thani means Northern City.
The origin of the name "Udon Thani" is lost in history. 
Japanese cuisine offers a vast array of regional specialties known as "kyōdo-ryōri" (郷土料理), many of them originating from dishes prepared using traditional recipes with local ingredients.
Foods from the Kanto region taste very strong.
For example the dashi-based broth for serving udon noodles is heavy on dark soy sauce, similar to soba broth.
On the other hand Kansai region foods are lightly seasoned, with clear udon noodles made with light soy sauce. 
Mueang Udon Thani () is the capital district ("Amphoe Mueang") of Udon Thani Province, northeastern Thailand. 
  "Sanuki udon" - udon is one of the most popular foods in the Sanuki Province, today Kagawa Prefecture, and udon produced here is famous nationwide.
"Sawachi ryori" - traditionally sashimi, sushi but more recently other foods, presented on a huge plate called "sawachi".
(Kochi area)  "Katsuo no tataki" - finely chopped skipjack tuna mixed with chopped spring onion and seasoned with rice vinegar.
(Kochi area - in other regions this would refer to sliced, seared skipjack tuna)  "Sudachi" - a tiny lime-like citrus, which is mixed, grated and added to fish dishes of the Tokushima area to give any dish the distinctive summertime in Tokushima taste.  
Udon Thani (, ) is one of the four major cities of Isan, Thailand - also known as "Big 4 of Isan".
and the capital of Udon Thani Province.
Question: Is juice consumed as a beverage?
About the article "Juice", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Juice is a liquid that is naturally contained in fruit and vegetables.
It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with these or other biological food sources such as meat and seafood.
It is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods.
Tomato juice is a juice made from tomatoes.
It is usually used as a beverage, either plain or in cocktails such as a Bloody Mary or Michelada. 
Thaati Chettu's shoot is cut and the juice is traditionally collected in a hanging earthen pot.
The juice so collected before morning is a refreshing and light drink called Thaati Kallu in Telugu, Neera (नीरा) in Marathi and "Pathaneer"(பதநீர்) in Tamil and has is extremely cool in sensation with a sugary sweet taste.
The juice collected in evening or after fermentation becomes sour and is called Tadi (ताडी) in Marathi.
Tadi is consumed by Andhra Pradesh, coastal Maharashtra mostly by villagers as raw alcoholic beverage. 
Mirinda's primary formulation is as an artificially flavored beverage; however, it has been produced in the past with a percentage of fruit juice, usually due to local tax benefits tied to non-artificial juice ingredients. 
Haiti is known internationally for its rum and it is extremely popular among its inhabitants.
The most well-known company in the country is the world-renowned Rhum Barbancourt; one of the nation's most famous exports and by international standards, the country's most popular alcoholic beverage.
It is unique in that the distilleries use sugarcane juice directly instead of molasses like other types of rum.
The rum is marketed in approximately 20 countries and uses a process of distillation similar to the process used to produce cognac.
The liquor creamed drink called Crémas is also drunk in Haiti.
It is a popular beverage usually consumed as part of dessert or simply by itself.
It has a sweet like flavor that you can taste.
Question: Who was the co-writer and producer of "All I Want For Christamas Is You"?
About the article "All I Want for Christmas Is You", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Keith Urban - Everybody (Co-Writer) Now That's What I Call Music 27 Keith Urban - Everybody (Co-Writer) 2009<br>Daughtry - Leave This Town On The Inside (Co-Writer) Default - Comes And Goes All Over Me (Co-Writer) Katherine Jenkins - Believe Fear Of Falling (Writer) Red - Innocence & Instinct Out From Under (Co-Writer) Vertical Horizon - Burning The Days Save Me From Myself (Co-Producer) Here (Co-Producer)  
Selected songs written / co-written and produced 1998 - 98 Degrees "Because of You" - producer/co-writer 2000 - Ronan Keating "Only You" - producer/co-writer 2001 - Jessica Simpson "Irresistible" - producer/co-writer 2002 - Carlos Santana "Let Me Love You Tonight" - producer/co-writer 2003 - Celine Dion "Sorry for Love" - co-writer 2004 - Janet Jackson "All Nite (Don't Stop)" - producer/co-writer 2006 - Danity Kane "Stay with Me" - producer/co-writer 2007 - Vanessa Hudgens "Say OK" - producer/co-writer 2007 - Enrique Iglesias "Wish I Was Your Lover" - producer/co-writer 2008 - Emilia de Poret "Pick Me Up" - producer/co-writer 2009 - Natalie Bassingthwaite "Alive" - producer/co-writer 2010 - Shontelle "Impossible" - producer/co-writer  
1990<br>John Farnham - Chain Reaction Chains Around The Heart (Co-Writer) 1991<br>Kiri Te Kanawa - The Kiri Selection The Best Of Me (Co-Writer) 1992<br>Now That's What I Call Music!
22 (U.K. series) Richard Marx - Hazard Now That's What I Call Music!
23 (U.K. series) Richard Marx - Take This Heart 1993<br>John Farnham - Then Again The Reason Why (Co-Writer) Treated This Way (Co-Writer) Talent For Fame (Co-Writer) So Long In Love (Co-Writer) 1994<br>Lara Fabian - Carpe Diem Je Vivrai (Co-Writer) Au Loin La-Bas (Co-Writer) Now That's What I Call Music!
 Pitbull – "Global Warming" (Mr. 305 / RCA) *"Feel This Moment" (feat.
Christina Aguilera): Writer, producer *"Hope We Meet Again" (feat.
Chris Brown): Writer, producer, vocalist Justin Bieber – "Believe" (Island / Def Jam) *"All Around the World": Writer, producer, vocalist *"Believe": Writer, producer, vocalist *"As Long as You Love Me": Writer *"Just Like Them": Writer, Co-producer Chris Brown – "Fortune" (RCA) *"Don't Judge Me": Writer, producer *"Your World": Writer, producer, vocalist Justin Bieber – (Island / Def Jam) *"Turn To You (Mother's Day Dedication)": Writer Justin Bieber – "Under the Mistletoe" (Island / Def Jam) *"Mistletoe": Writer, producer, vocalist *"Christmas Love": Writer, producer, vocalist Chris Brown – "F.A.M.E."
Question: How much time does the Studio Tour take?
About the article "Universal Studios Hollywood", section "Upper lot".

Candidate passages:
The 1955 Tour is the second concert tour by British pop singer-songwriter Mika in support of his second studio album "The Boy Who Knew Too Much".
The tour spanned across North America and parts of Asia.
In February 2010 Mika launched a new tour, the Imaginarium Tour which started in Belfast, Northern Ireland and will take him throughout Europe and back to Asia. 
With the release of the bands fifth studio record Twilight of the Innocents, in 2007, Wheeler spoke of how if the group hadn't toured so heavily they would have been more prolific, that: "It would have been cool to have twice as many songs by now.
I definitely could have done it, but if I go on tour I have to stop writing.
Writing needs to be a relaxing process and you need peace and quiet and the right stuff around you.
Whenever we take a break I could write a song every day, pretty much."
How Does That Grab You?
is Nancy Sinatra's second studio album, released in 1966.
The track, "How Does That Grab You, Darlin?
", reached #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in May 1966. 
 How Does it End (2006)  
Final segments.
Cash Motto.
In the Cash Motto segment, a random studio audience member who sent in a motto gets to play a game with winnings up to PHP1,000,000.
He/she will have one minute to grab as much cash in the air in a secluded capsule.
He/she cannot take peso bills while it is on the tank itself.
The contestant is provided a broom to loosen up the money, so more will fly in the air.
The amount of money he/she gets is what they keep.
If the total amount of money grabbed reaches PHP40,000 or over, the contestant will receive a "Wowowee" videoke along with the money he/she grabbed.
Another random studio audience member is chosen after the segment.
This second audience member does not get to play the game, but has to guess how much money the first audience member grabbed.
The co-hosts usually give a hint on the range.
The contestant has up to three chances to guess how much he/she won.
If the contestant gets the amount right, they win whatever the other player won.
If they fail to guess, they still win PHP1,000 for being chosen.