Question: What year did the movie depicting the Titanic by James Cameron premier?
About the article "Sinking of the RMS Titanic", section "Cultural aftermath and wreckage".

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 "Titanic" by James Cameron becomes the first film to earn more than $1 billion worldwide.  
 "Titanic", directed by Canadian James Cameron, wins 11 Oscars.  
The 2000 expedition by RMS Titanic Inc. carried out 28 dives during which over 800 artefacts were recovered, including the ship's engine telegraphs, perfume vials and watertight door gears.
In 2001, an American couple – David Leibowitz and Kimberly Miller – caused controversy when they were married aboard a submersible that had set down on the bow of "Titanic", in a deliberate echo of a famous scene from James Cameron's 1997 film.
The wedding was essentially a publicity stunt, sponsored by a British company called SubSea Explorer which had offered a free dive to "Titanic" that Leibowitz had won.
He asked whether his fiancée could come too and was told that she could – but only if she agreed to get married during the trip.
The same company also brought along Philip Littlejohn, the grandson of one of "Titanic"s surviving crew members, who became the first relative of a "Titanic" passenger or crew member to visit the wreck.
Cameron himself also returned to "Titanic" in 2001 to carry out filming for Walt Disney Pictures' "Ghosts of the Abyss", filmed in 3D.
In 2003 and 2004, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration carried out two expeditions to "Titanic".
The first, carried out between 22 June and 2 July 2003, performed four dives in two days.
Its key aims were to assess the current condition of the wreck site and carry out scientific observations to support ongoing research.
The stern section, which had previously received relatively little attention from explorers, was specifically targeted for analysis.
The microbial colonies aboard "Titanic" were also a key focus of investigation.
The second expedition, from 27 May – 12 June 2004, saw the return of Robert Ballard to "Titanic" nearly 20 years after he discovered it.
The expedition spent 11 days on the wreck, carrying out high-resolution mapping using video and stereoscopic still images.2005 saw two expeditions to the "Titanic".
James Cameron returned to the "Titanic" for the third and last time to film "Last Mysteries of the Titanic", as the "Titanic", and has claimed that this will wrap up "my 10-year odyssey with the "Titanic", and I won't be coming back here", because the "Titanic", having been underwater for 93 years, was showing very severe signs of deterioration in the foremast, the boat deck, the Marconi rooms, and the stern's condition was explained via NOAA, because in his 1995 and 2005 expeditions to the "Titanic", Cameron did not explore the stern of the wreck due to this part of the "Titanic" being in even worse condition than the bow.
It also saw another expedition, "Titanic's Final Moments: Missing Pieces", which began looking for pieces of the "Titanic" never before seen in the debris field.RMS Titanic Inc. mounted further expeditions to "Titanic" in 2004 and 2010, when the first comprehensive map of the entire debris field was produced.
Two autonomous underwater vehicles – torpedo-shaped robots – repeatedly ran backwards and forwards across the debris field, taking sonar scans and over 130,000 high-resolution images.
This enabled a detailed photomosaic of the debris field to be created for the first time, giving scientists a much clearer view of the dynamics of the ship's sinking.
Several hiccups happened during this expedition, as several hurricanes were passing over the wreck site, and the team got the "Remora" ROV caught in a piece of wreckage in the "Titanic"s expansion joint, and carefully had to get the robot out of the expansion joint to avoid damaging the "Titanic", as the "Titanic", having been underwater for 98 years, was in very fragile condition, and one of the AUVs, Ginger, was weighed down by a piece of the lead anchor discovered in 2005.
This same year saw the discovery of the new bacteria living in the rusticles on the "Titanic", "Halomonas titanicae".
Tourist and scientific visits to "Titanic" are still continuing; by April 2012, 100 years since the disaster and nearly 25 since the discovery of the wreck, around 140 people had visited.
On 14 April 2012 (the 100th anniversary of the ship's sinking), the wreck of the "Titanic" became eligible for protection as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in the same month, Robert Ballard, the wreck's discoverer, has announced of a plan to preserve the wreck of the "Titanic" by using deep-sea robots to paint the wreck with anti-fouling paint, to help keep the wreck in its current state for all time.
The proposed plan that Ballard announced has been outlined in a documentary made to time with the Titanic's 100th sinking anniversary called "Save the Titanic With Bob Ballard" where Ballard himself talks about how this proposed paint job on the wreck will work.
Ballard says that the reason he has proposed to robotically clean and repaint the "Titanic" with a colour scheme that mimics the rusticles is because when "I visited the "Titanic" in 1986, I saw original anti-fouling paint on the ship's hull which was still working even after 74 years on the seabed". 
Writing and inspiration.
James Cameron had a fascination with shipwrecks, and, for him, the RMS "Titanic" was "the Mount Everest of shipwrecks."
He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but said he still had "a mental restlessness" to live the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college.
So when an IMAX film was made from footage shot of the wreck itself, he decided to seek Hollywood funding to "pay for an expedition and do the same thing."
It was "not because I particularly wanted to make the movie," Cameron said.
"I wanted to dive to the shipwreck.
"Cameron wrote a scriptment for a "Titanic" film, met with 20th Century Fox executives including Peter Chernin, and pitched it as "Romeo and Juliet on the "Titanic"".
Cameron stated, "They were like, 'Oooooohkaaaaaay – a three-hour romantic epic?
Sure, that's just what we want.
Is there a little bit of "Terminator" in that?
Any Harrier jets, shoot-outs, or car chases?'
I said, 'No, no, no.
It's not like that.'"
The studio was dubious about the idea's commercial prospects, but, hoping for a long term relationship with Cameron, they gave him a greenlight.
Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the "Titanic" wreck itself, and organized several dives to the site over a period of two years.
"My pitch on that had to be a little more detailed," said Cameron.
"So I said, 'Look, we've got to do this whole opening where they're exploring the "Titanic" and they find the diamond, so we're going to have all these shots of the ship."
Cameron stated, "Now, we can either do them with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."
The crew shot at the real wreck in the Atlantic Ocean eleven times in 1995 and actually spent more time with the ship than its passengers.
At that depth, with a water pressure of 6,000 pounds per square inch, "one small flaw in the vessel's superstructure would mean instant death for all on board."
Not only were the dives high-risk, but adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting the high quality footage that he wanted.
During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with "Titanic"s hull, damaging both sub and ship and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure.
The external bulkhead of Captain Smith's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior.
The area around the entrance to the Grand Staircase was also damaged.
Descending to the actual site made both Cameron and crew want "to live up to that level of reality...
But there was another level of reaction coming away from the real wreck, which was that it wasn't just a story, it wasn't just a drama," he said.
"It was an event that happened to real people who really died.
Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it."
Cameron stated, "You think, 'There probably aren't going to be many filmmakers who go to "Titanic."
There may never be another one – maybe a documentarian."
Due to this, he felt "a great mantle of responsibility to convey the emotional message of it – to do that part of it right, too".
After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.
He wanted to honor the people who died during the sinking, so he spent six months researching all of the "Titanic"s crew and passengers.
"I read everything I could.
I created an extremely detailed timeline of the ship's few days and a very detailed timeline of the last night of its life," he said.
"And I worked within that to write the script, and I got some historical experts to analyze what I'd written and comment on it, and I adjusted it."
He paid meticulous attention to detail, even including a scene depicting the "Californian"s role in "Titanic" demise, though this was later cut (see below).
From the beginning of the shoot, they had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship that night.
"I had a library that filled one whole wall of my writing office with ""Titanic" stuff," because I wanted it to be right, especially if we were going to dive to the ship," he said.
"That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense.
We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it.
"Cameron felt the "Titanic" sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", yet the event had become a mere morality tale; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.
The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy, while the blossoming romance of Jack and Rose, he believed, would be the most engaging part of the story: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.
"All my films are love stories," Cameron said, "but in "Titanic" I finally got the balance right.
It's not a disaster film.
It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."
Cameron then framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.
For him, the end of the film leaves open the question if the elderly Rose was in a conscious dream or had died in her sleep. 
At 12:13 pm on 31 May 2011, exactly 100 years after "Titanic" rolled down her slipway, a single flare was fired over Belfast's docklands in commemoration.
All boats in the area around the Harland and Wolff shipyard then sounded their horns and the assembled crowd applauded for exactly 62 seconds, the time it had originally taken for the liner to roll down the slipway in 1911.
On 12 March 2012 BBC's "Songs of Praise", from Belfast, took the form of a Titanic memorial.
The programme included a selection of maritime hymns and ended with "Nearer, My God, to Thee", allegedly the last tune played by the ship's band.
On 27 March 2012, "Titanic 3D" premiered at the Royal Albert Hall in London, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance, and entered general release on 4 April 2012, six days shy of the centenary of RMS "Titanic" embarking on her maiden voyage.
ITV1 produced a four-part Titanic miniseries, written by Oscar-winner Julian Fellowes, broadcast in March and April 2012.
"Titanic Tales: Stories of Courage and Cowardice" is a dramatic production co-written by Duncan McCargo and Stephanie Winters, based on original testimonies of survivors, along with authentic music.
It was commissioned by Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and premiered in New York on 12 April 2012.
An original stageplay called "Iceberg—Right Ahead!"
was performed at Upstairs at The Gatehouse, London from 22 March–22 April 2012, the Lyric Theatre, Belfast performed "White Star of the North", and the street theatre event "" was held in Liverpool over the weekend of 20–22 April.
The event which attracted 600,000 spectators was inspired by a letter written by a 10-year-old Liverpudlian girl, May McMurray, in 1912 to her father William, a bedroom steward on the Titanic who did not survive the sinking.
The letter never reached him and is now on display at the Merseyside Maritime Museum.
The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra performed "The Titanic Requiem", a work composed by singer/songwriter Robin Gibb and his son RJ Gibb, at the premiere on 10 April in London.
The event includes a hologram show depicting the sea, the ship, and the iceberg.
The cruise ship "Balmoral", operated by Fred Olsen Cruise Lines, was chartered by Miles Morgan Travel to follow the original route of "Titanic", and stopped over the point on the sea bed where she rests on 15 April 2012.
On 14 April 2012, Halifax’s Maritime Museum of the Atlantic held a candle-lit procession by the water from the museum to Halifax's Grand Parade, which passed some of the city’s Titanic related landmarks along the way.
Following this, Halifax’s Fairview Lawn Cemetery held an interfaith memorial service in remembrance of the hundreds of lives lost in the Titanic tragedy and for the 121 Titanic victims buried at the cemetery, followed by a wreath-laying and musical performance the next day.
The SeaCity Museum in Southampton, Hampshire opened on 10 April 2012, the date when RMS "Titanic" made her maiden voyage out of Southampton.
It was designed to show Southampton's 2000 years of sea history, as well as commemorate the 549 city residents who sunk with the Titanic.
To mark the 100th anniversary of the sinking, the BBC World Service broadcast, on 10 April 2012, a radio documentary in the "Discovery" series, entitled "Titanic—In Her Own Words".
The programme was conceived and created by Susanne Weber and was narrated by Sean Coughlan who had previously written a book on the "Titanic" radio messages.
The programme used voice synthesis to re-create ".
the strange, twitter-like, mechanical brevity of the original Morse code messages.. " transmitted by Titanic and neighbouring ships.
The messages often included the fashionable slang expressions of the time such as "old man".
The BBC noted: "All such messages were recorded at the time in copper plate handwriting, and were now scattered across the world in different collections, but together formed a unique archive".
On 14 April BBC Radio 2 aired a three-hour minute-by-minute account of the disaster to coincide with the time it happened.
Besides commemorations on land, two ships participated in memorial services at the spot where "Titanic" sank.
"Azamara Journey" left New York on 10 April, with passengers interested in the "Titanic" story, many dressed in period attire.
A stop was made at Halifax to visit the graves of 121 victims.
A second ship, MS "Balmoral", set sail from Southampton, with 1309 passengers, on 8 April and also held onboard memorial services, 640 kilometres off the coast of Newfoundland.
Postage stamps have been issued to mark the centennial: Canada Post issued a series of five designs, Britain's Royal Mail issued a set of 10, Gibraltar created five stamps, Isle of Man, six.
and the Republic of Ireland's post office, An Post, issued four commemorative stamps The Canadian Mint produced a $10 silver commemorative coin, and two coloured collector coins (25¢ and 50¢) and the British Mint two £5 coins.