community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: When did the French language become fashionable in Bern, Switzerland?
About the article "Switzerland", section "Literature".

Candidate passages:
 Homberg, Switzerland, in the Canton of Bern  
As there is no dominant national language, the four main languages of French, Italian, German and Romansch form the four branches which make up a literature of Switzerland.
The original Swiss Confederation, from its foundation in 1291 up to 1798, gained only a few French-speaking districts in what is now the Canton of Fribourg, and so the German language dominated.
During that period the Swiss vernacular literature was in German, although in the 18th century, French became fashionable in Bern and elsewhere.
At that time, Geneva and Lausanne were not yet Swiss: Geneva was an ally and Vaud a subject land.
The French branch does not really begin to qualify as Swiss writing until after 1815, when the French-speaking regions gained full status as Swiss cantons.
The Italian and Romansch-Ladin branches are less prominent.
Like the earlier charters of liberties, the original League of 1291 was drawn up in Latin.
Later alliances among the cantons, as well as documents concerning the whole Confederation — the Parsons Ordinance of 1370, the Sempach Ordinance of 1393, the Compact of Stans (1481) and all the Recesses of the Diets — were compiled in German.
Political documents are not necessarily literature, but these pre-Reformation alliances rested on popular consent, and were expressed in vernacular German rather than in clerkly Latin. 
Subdivisions of the canton of Bern include districts since 2010, which are called "arrondissements administratifs" in French. 
Seehof (Elay in French) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
It is one of two municipalities with German as its official language in the otherwise French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois").
The other is Schelten. 
Zuzwil is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Question: Where did the men drown?
About the article "Battle of Austerlitz", section "Endgame".

Candidate passages:
The river where the giantess Gjálp tried to drown Thor. 
The Smiley face murder theory (variations include Smiley face murders, Smiley face killings, Smiley face gang, and others) is a theory advanced by two retired New York City detectives, Kevin Gannon and Anthony Duarte, that a number of young men found dead in bodies of water across several states over the last decade did not accidentally drown, as concluded by law enforcement agencies, but were victims of a serial killer or killers.
The term "smiley face" became connected to the alleged murders when it was made public that the police had discovered graffiti depicting a smiley face near locations where they think the killer dumped the bodies in at least a dozen of the cases. 
Drown was an attorney in Fairfield, Iowa, when he and his wife, Adeline, were called to California during the 1849 gold rush by Adeline's father, Thomas Dickey, who had set up a packing business in that territory.
"Much of the mining country was impractical to wagons, and everything had to be packed in on the backs of mules.
"Drown did not make it to the mining country, but instead he settled in Los Angeles, where he became "an able lawyer, eloquent and humorous, and fairly popular; but his generosity affected his material prosperity, and he died, at San Juan Capistrano, on August 17th, 1863, none too blessed with this world's goods."
Water Spirits.
Blue Men.
"The Blue Men of the Minch" (also known as storm kelpies), who occupy the stretch of water between Lewis and mainland Scotland, looking for sailors to drown and stricken boats to sink. 
 "The Drown Name in History" by Ancestry.com [http://www.genealogytoday.com/surname/finder.mv?Surname=Drown] [http://boards.ancestry.co.uk/surnames.drown/115.183.186/mb.ashx] [http://www.surnameweb.org/Drown/surnames.htm] [http://www.houseofnames.com/xq/asp.fc/qx/drown-family-crest.htm]
Question: What year did the album "Siberia Acoustic" become available?
About the article "Lights (musician)", section "2010–present: "Acoustic" EP, "Siberia", "Siberia Acoustic", and "Tour"".

Candidate passages:
Siberia Acoustic is the second acoustic album by Canadian singer Lights.
It was released on April 30, 2013 and includes all of her songs from her second album "Siberia" that were recorded in acoustic versions.
The lead single from the album was "Cactus in the Valley" featuring Owl City and was released on March 15, 2013. 
  "The Listening" (2009)  "Siberia" (2011)  "Siberia Acoustic" (2013)  
The "Let It Land" EP is the accompanying disc to "What Are You Scared Of?
", available on CD.
"What Are You Scared Of?"
features 10 pre-gap hidden acoustic tracks in addition to the 14 track album; the additional acoustic tracks that were unable to fit on the album make up majority of "Let It Land".
Also included in the EP is the additional studio non album track "Welcome".
Let It Land Welcome Fake It (Acoustic) Listening (Acoustic) Reason to Sing (Acoustic)  
Surfing In Siberia is a 1997 album by the Red Elvises. 
Zion Acoustic Sessions is an album from the contemporary Christian music band Hillsong United which features the 12 songs from its previous album presented in an acoustic version.
The album is available exclusively on iTunes.
Question: What was the publication date of the article in the New York World-Telegram that charged the Crossroads mural with anti-capitalism?
About the article "Man at the Crossroads", section "Destruction".

Candidate passages:
On 24 April 1933 the "New York World-Telegram" newspaper published an article attacking the mural as anti-capitalist propaganda.
A few days later Rivera added the portrait of Lenin to the work.
This precipitated a major controversy by May.
The bad publicity greatly upset Rockefeller.
Rivera was asked to remove the picture of Lenin, but refused, instead offering to add Abraham Lincoln to the work as way of a compromise.
Rockefeller then left the decision about the future of the mural to Todd-Robertson-Todd.
Rivera was fully paid the promised amount for his work, but the mural was covered in drapery and left incomplete.
Despite protests from art lovers and attempts to get it to moved to the Museum of Modern Art, it remained covered until the early weeks of 1934, when it was destroyed by workmen.
The destruction caused widespread controversy.
Ralph Stackpole and Bernard Zakheim (who headed a group of artists commissioned by the WPA to paint murals at the Coit Tower in San Francisco) protested, and also included references to the incident in the form of headlines in newspapers held by figures in their paintings.
The Rockefeller Center commissioned a mural by Jose Maria Sert entitled "American Progress" to replace Rivera's work.
It used Abraham Lincoln as its focal point.
The first issue was on October 10, 1887.
It was published daily, except for Sunday.
The final publication was on February 26, 1931.
It was merged with New York World and the New York Telegram and became the New York World-Telegram.  
The New York World-Telegram, later known as the New York World-Telegram and Sun, was a New York City newspaper from 1931 to 1966. 
Anti-capitalism comprises a wide variety of movements, ideas and attitudes that oppose capitalism.
Anti-capitalists, in the strict sense of the word, are those who wish to replace capitalism with another type of economic system. 
By 1924, he had settled at the "New York Telegram", where he remained for the next forty years.
In 1925, he won Best Story of the Year from the Baseball Writers Association of America for his portrayal of Walter Johnson's loss in the seventh game of the Washington Senators/Pittsburgh Pirates World Series match-up.
In the early 1920s, Daniel helped start "Ring Magazine" with Nat Fleischer.
He was a prolific contributor and editor throughout "The Ring"'s history and could be seen behind his desk at "The Ring" when he was well past the age of 80.
In addition to his daily columns for the "New York Telegram" (later "World Telegram" then "World Telegram and Sun"), Daniel wrote weekly columns for "The Sporting News", contributing more words to that publication than any other writer in its history.
Question: When was the Wisconsin glaciation?
About the article "Niagara Falls", section "Geology".

Candidate passages:
The Sturtian glaciation was a glaciation during the Cryogenian period.
During the Cryogenian the Earth experienced repeated large scale glaciations, the Sturtian glaciation being the longest one, lasting about 60 million years. 
The Wisconsin Glacial Episode was the last major advance of continental glaciers in the North American Laurentide ice sheet.
At the height of glaciation the Bering land bridge potentially permitted migration of mammals, including people, to North America from Siberia.
It radically altered the geography of North America north of the Ohio River.
At the height of the Wisconsin Episode glaciation, ice covered most of Canada, the Upper Midwest, and New England, as well as parts of Montana and Washington.
On Kelleys Island in Lake Erie or in New York's Central Park, the grooves left by these glaciers can be easily observed.
In southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta a suture zone between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets formed the Cypress Hills, which is the northernmost point in North America that remained south of the continental ice sheets.
The Great Lakes are the result of glacial scour and pooling of meltwater at the rim of the receding ice.
When the enormous mass of the continental ice sheet retreated, the Great Lakes began gradually moving south due to isostatic rebound of the north shore.
Niagara Falls is also a product of the glaciation, as is the course of the Ohio River, which largely supplanted the prior Teays River.
With the assistance of several very broad glacial lakes, it released floods through the gorge of the Upper Mississippi River, which in turn was during an earlier glacial period.
In its retreat, the Wisconsin Episode glaciation left terminal moraines that form Long Island, Block Island, Cape Cod, Nomans Land, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Sable Island and the Oak Ridges Moraine in south central Ontario, Canada.
In Wisconsin itself, it left the Kettle Moraine.
The drumlins and eskers formed at its melting edge are landmarks of the Lower Connecticut River Valley. 
  Wisconsin glaciation, a period of the Ice Age  Wisconsin Plan, a proposal to end World War I  
The origins of the Dundas Valley, the main feature of the area, date back to the pre-glacial times, when the Niagara Escarpment was deeply incised by erosion.
The Wisconsin Glaciation furthered the erosion processes and resulted in deposition of glacial and glaciolacustrine sediments, forming the hummocky kame and kettle topography of the present. 
Prehistoric human migration was greatly influenced by the last glacial period, known in North America as the "Wisconsin glaciation".
During much of the Wisconsin era, a land bridge across the Bering Strait allowed the first humans to reach North America from Asia (see Settlement of the Americas).
Human migration routes opened during interglacial periods in Europe and Asia as well.
Question: Pain Au chocolat is what?
About the article "Croissant", section "Variants".

Candidate passages:
A pain au chocolat (, "chocolate bread"), also called a chocolatine () in the south of France (from Occitan "chocolatina") and in French Canada, is a viennoiserie sweet roll consisting of a cuboid-shaped piece of yeast-leavened laminated dough, similar in texture to a puff pastry, with one or two pieces of dark chocolate in the centre.
Pain au chocolat is made of the same layered dough as a croissant.
Often sold still hot or at least warm from the oven, they are commonly sold alongside croissants in French bakeries and supermarkets. 
The dialect has some vocabulary peculiar to it, such as "péguer" (Occitan "pegar"), "to be sticky" (standard French "poisser"), "chocolatine" (southwest), "pain au chocolat" or flute (a bigger baguette, called pain parisien (parisian bread) in Paris).
Some phrases can mean something different from what they would usually mean in French.
For example, "s'il faut", literally meaning "if it is necessary", actually means "maybe" (which would be rendered in standard French as "peut-être").
This is a calque of Occitan "se cal". 
  "Bûche de Noël"  "Choux pastry"  "Clafoutis"  "Crème brûlée"  "Crepes"  "Croissant"  "Croquembouche"  "Éclair"  "Far Breton"  "Fraisier"  "Pain perdu"  "Gateau au yaourt"  "Galette des rois"  "Macarons"  "Madeleine"  "Mille-feuilles"  "Mousse au chocolat"  "Pain au chocolat"  "Quatre-quarts"  "Saint Honoré"  "Tarte Tatin"  "Tarte tropezienne"  
Structure of meals.
"Le petit déjeuner" (breakfast) is traditionally a quick meal consisting of "tartines" (slices) of French bread with jelly or jam, along with coffee or tea.
Children often drink hot chocolate in bowls or cups along with their breakfasts.
"croissants", "pain aux raisins" or "pain au chocolat" (also named "chocolatine" in the south of France) are mostly included as a weekend treat.
Breakfast of some kind is always served in cafés opening early in the day. 
Pain aux raisins (), is a breakfast food often eaten in France that is directly translated to "raisin bread".
It is also colloquially known as snail bread in Australia.
Pain aux raisins is a member of the pâtisserie "viennoise" family of baked foods.
In France, it is typically a variant of the croissant or "pain au chocolat", made with a leavened butter pastry with raisins added and shaped in a spiral with a "crème pâtissière" filling.
However, in many areas of Northern Europe and North America, it is generally made with sweetened bread dough or brioche dough, rather than pastry.
It is often consumed for breakfast as a part of a Continental breakfast.
Question: How is Lebanon divided into regions?
About the article "Lebanon", section "Geography".

Candidate passages:
Ghana is divided into 10 administrative regions, sub-divided into 275 districts: 
Ghana is divided into ten regions. 
The state of Indiana is divided into several regions. 
The ecoregion is divided into two sub-regions. 
Jonava is divided into 13 city regions:
Question: Why did Walt have to change his method of manufacturing around the seventh episode of season 1?
About the article "Breaking Bad", section "Scientific accuracy".

Candidate passages:
Walt attempts to convince the community that the Hollyhock Mill would make a great historic museum.
Maggie turns out to be expecting.
Episode 16Freddy and Walt try to duplicate the recipe after it appears Spike the hound has eaten the casserole Maggie made for the Institute.
The Squire's memory-loss prompts Walt to look for a museum site to protect local heritage.
Episode 17Walt and Freddy play vet to a stiff sheep and Walt buys a fine new ram for the flock which no one else seems to want.
It isn't long before Walt finds out why.
Episode 18When Walt takes his museum proposal to Township council he gets an enthusiastic response - until he tells them he wants to house it in the Hollyhock Mill.
Back at Freddy's, Walt hears the story of the Miller's Curse!Episode 19Walt is pressured into helping Willy and Dave out of a jam over a cattle pyramid scheme and attempts to haul the haunted millstone out of the stream at Hollyhock - with near fatal results.
Episode 20Walt and Maggie's farm is the only one on The Seventh Line hit with a violent wind storm, then The Squire accompanies Walt to the mill stream at Hollyhock where Walt has yet another narrow escape. 
"The Hellgramite Method" is the forty-second episode (the seventh episode of the third season (1988–89) of the American television series "The Twilight Zone". 
 "The Seventh", a second season episode of "Star Trek: Enterprise"  
"Say My Name" (originally titled "Everybody Wins") is the seventh episode of the fifth season of the American television drama series "Breaking Bad", and the 53rd overall episode of the series.
Written and directed by Thomas Schnauz, it aired on AMC on August 26, 2012.
The title of the episode is a quotation spoken by Walt (Bryan Cranston) during his encounter with Declan (Louis Ferreira). 
  "Rez" appears on at numerous dance compilations - too many to list.
"Rez" was used in an episode of Alisa's third season.
"Why, Why, Why" appears on the re-released Japanese bonus 3 cm disc for Dubnobasswithmyheadman (1993).
"Why, Why, Why" appears on Various: Volume 8 as an 5:15 edit.
"Why, Why, Why" appears on Various: Wasted - The Best of Volume 1 as an 8:20 remix incorrectly labelled 'Change'.
"Rez" appears in the American version of "Abre los Ojos" or (Vanilla Sky)  "Rez" appears on the 1994 Underworld EP 'Dirty Epic/Cowgirl'  A remix of "Rez" was played during the Athletes' Parade of the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in London.
Question: what is the opening to season nine of Friends?
About the article "Friends", section "Season 9".

Candidate passages:
The third volume of the "Happy Tree Friends" TV series was released August 7, 2007.
The DVD contains nine section from Season 1 and more footage.
Episodes include:  "A Change of Heart" "A Hole Lotta Love" "Mime to Five" "Blast from the Past" "Chew Said a Mouthful" "See What Develops" "Idol Curiosity" "Home Is Where the Hurt Is" "Aw, Shucks!"
The syndication package ends at episode 83.
All the episodes from the season are included on the "Garfield and Friends: Volume 4" DVD set.
In the first opening sequence for this season Garfield tells the audience not to waste time checking what was on NBC, since NBC in actuality had stopped broadcasting cartoons 
Beginning with the original "Super Friends" season, the opening narration describes the team's headquarters as "the great hall of the Justice League."
The opening credits of "Challenge of the Super Friends" names the Super Friends as the Justice League of America.
In addition to the appearance of a JLA emblem on a communicator and a reference to a mission to repair the Justice League satellite, the Super Friends are often linked with the JLA.
The Justice League satellite under repair is clearly the same design as the Justice League Satellite that appeared in the comics at the time, but was shown to be substantially smaller than its comic book counterpart. 
Reinhard Lugalia, a linebacker for Friends returned a fumble on the opening kickoff for 10 yards and a touchdown after only nine seconds of play.
Friends completed a two-point conversion and held the lead for the rest of the game.
Friends accumulated 630 yards of total offense with 27 first downs and held Kansas Wesleyan to 148 yards and 4 first downs.
Friends also managed to convert 3 for 3 on fourth down attempts.
The final score was 63–26. 
The second segment of this season was an adventure with Superman, Batman and Robin, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, and the Wonder Twins, similar to those that had aired the previous season in "The All-New Super Friends Hour".
Thanks to these episodes being shown using the opening credits of the "All-New Super Friends Hour" in syndication, the second segment along being used with the "Challenge of Super Friends" opening, and confused references to the show it is often mistakenly believed that the first and second segments were two separate shows.
Question: How long ago was the show "Nurse Jackie" first aired?
About the article "Nurse Jackie", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
The following is a listing of "Honeymooners" sketches that aired during the first season of "The Jackie Gleason Show" on CBS. 
Jackie Thomas may refer to: The Jackie Thomas Show, an American sitcom that aired on ABC from 1992-93 Jackie Thomas, Nike executive, former trustee of The Athenian School in California Jackie Thomas (singer), winner of the first series of "The X Factor" in New Zealand  
Wallem was born in Madison, Wisconsin, and raised in Rockford, Illinois.
She is also the sister of actor Stephen Wallem - who co-stars on her show "Nurse Jackie", as a nurse named Thor Lundgren. 
Stevens voiced the character of "Velma Dinkley" from 1976 to 1979, leaving the show midway through "Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo".
She appeared in the recurring role of "Nurse Baker" on the long-running television series "M*A*S*H" during the same period (1976–1979).
On "M*A*S*H", Stevens, who appeared in various nurse roles in 15 episode appearances, where she was credited first as Nurse Mitchell, then Nurse Baker, Nurse Stevens, Nurse Brown and Nurse Able, before appearing again as Nurse Baker in the episode “Margaret’s Marriage” in Season Five, and then finally, her final episode appearance in “Major Ego” during Season Seven, when she was credited as a Duty Nurse.  
"Nurse Jackie", an American medical comedy-drama series created by Evan Dunsky, Liz Brixius, and Linda Wallem, premiered on Showtime on June 8, 2009.
The series stars Edie Falco as title character Jackie Peyton, a nurse addicted to painkillers while working in the emergency ward at All Saints' Hospital in New York City., 56 episodes of "Nurse Jackie" have aired, concluding the fifth season.
Question: How long is the radio mix of "Somebody That I Used to Know"?
About the article "Somebody That I Used to Know", section "Track listing".

Candidate passages:
Digital download
 "Somebody That I Used to Know" – 4:04
 "Somebody That I Used to Know" (Radio Mix) – 3:33
Digital download – Remix
 "Somebody That I Used to Know" – 4:33
7" Vinyl single
 "Somebody That I Used to Know" – 4:04
 "Bronte" – 3:13
CD single
 "Somebody That I Used to Know" – 4:04
 "Easy Way Out" – 1:57
  Drake (featuring Rihanna) — "Take Care"  Gotye (featuring Kimbra) — "Somebody That I Used to Know"  M.I.A.
— "Bad Girls"  Katy Perry — "Wide Awake"  
  GoonRock G.- Party Rock Anthem  Gotye - Somebody That I Used to Know 
  CD single  "Somebody That I Used To Know" – 4:08  "Somebody That I Used To Know" (Music video) – 4:25  CD maxi-single  "Somebody That I Used To Know" – 4:08  "Money Tree" – 3:13  "Joan and Bobby" – 3:38  "From Me to You" – 1:48  "Somebody That I Used To Know" (Video) – 4:25  
In January 2012, Canadian indie rock group Walk off the Earth uploaded a cover of "Somebody That I Used To Know" to YouTube.
Their version uses a single guitar played simultaneously by all five band members.
As of April 2012, the song had sold 187,000 units in the United States.