Question: Which event radicalised George politics?
About the article "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", section "Georgia – massacre in Tbilisi".

Candidate passages:
Shevardnadze's appointment as Soviet Foreign Minister in 1985 brought his replacement in Georgia by Jumber Patiashvili, a conservative and generally ineffective Communist who coped poorly with the challenges of perestroika.
Towards the end of the late 1980s, increasingly violent clashes occurred between the Communist authorities, the resurgent Georgian nationalist movement and nationalist movements in Georgia's minority-populated regions (notably South Ossetia).
On April 9, 1989, Soviet troops were used to break up a peaceful demonstration at the government building in Tbilisi.
Twenty Georgians were killed and hundreds wounded and poisoned.
The event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many - even some Georgian communists - to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule.
On October 28, 1990, democratic parliamentary elections were held, and on November 15 the nation was renamed the "Republic of Georgia."
It declared independence on April 9, 1991, under Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
However, this was unrecognized by the Soviet government and Georgia was in the USSR until its collapse in December 1991.
On August 24, 1995, on the basis of the constitution of the Georgian Democratic Republic in 1921, a new Constitution of Georgia was adopted on which the country's name changed to Georgia. 
On April 7, 1989 troops and armored personnel carriers were sent onto the streets of Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people gathered in front of the Government and Communist Party headquarters, many with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and urging the full integration into Georgia of the autonomous region of Abkhazia.
On 9 April 9, 1989 at least sixteen people were killed and more than 200 wounded when troops attacked the peaceful demonstrators.
This event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule.
On 14 April 1989 Gorbachev removed Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party for his poor handling of the April events and replaced him with the former Georgian KGB chief Givi Gumbaridze.
On July 16, 1989 in Sukhumi capital of Abkhazia a protest against the opening of a Georgian university branch in the town led to violence that quickly degenerated into a large-scale inter-ethnic confrontation in which 18 died and hundreds were injured before Soviet troops restored order.
This riot marked the start of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict.
During the Cultural Revolution, Rittenberg was radicalised and in the summer of 1967 headed the "Dr. Norman Bethune - Yan'an rebel group", which had about seventy members.
He led political struggles at China Radio International.
Han Suyin at that time said that Rittenberg was in complete control of the radio station.
On April 8, 1967, the People's Daily published a long article written by him.
On April 10, he represented a faction of foreigners in struggle session against Wang Guangmei at Tsinghua University.
He also attacked other foreigners who were living in Beijing at that time, including Dr. Ma Haide (George Hatem).
Ma Haide had advised Rittenberg not to interfere in Chinese political affairs. 
Home Rule’s prominent figurehead John Redmond died in March 1918 at the close of the Convention, John Dillon taking over the IPP leadership.
In April the German Spring Offensive overran the Allied front causing a severe manpower shortage which resulted in a clumsy cabinet "dual policy" decision by Lloyd George linking implementing Home Rule with extending conscription to Ireland.
The Irish party withdrew in protest from Westminster and returned to Ireland to join forces with other national organisations in massed anti-conscription demonstrations in Dublin.
Although conscription was never enforced after America’s late intervention in the war guaranteed a supply of fresh troops, the threat of conscription radicalised Irish politics.
Sinn Féin, the political arm of the Volunteer insurgents, had public opinion believe that they alone had prevented conscription.
The Irish party held its own and returned its candidates in by-elections up to the end of 1916, the last in the West-Cork by-election of October 1916.
The tide then changed after it lost three by-elections in 1917 to the more physical-force republican Sinn Féin movement, which in the mean time had built up 1,500 organised clubs around Ireland and exceeded the strength of the old UIL, most of the latter members now joining the new movement.
At the end of the war in November 1918 when elections were announced for the December general election, the Irish electorate of nearly two million had a threefold increase due to a new Representation of the People Act.
Women were granted franchise for the first time (confined to those over thirty) and a vote to every male over twenty-one years of age.
This increased the number of voters from 30% to 75% of all adults. 
Milne has written in support of what he calls "the wave of progressive change in Latin America", which he has described as "the most hopeful development in global politics in the past two decades".
Milne described the restoration of the sight of Mario Terán, the former Bolivian sergeant who killed Che Guevara, by Cuban doctors "paid for by revolutionary Venezuela in the radicalised Bolivia of Evo Morales", one of "1.4 million free eye operations carried out by Cuban doctors in 33 countries across Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa", as "an emblem both of the humanity of Fidel Castro and Guevara's legacy" and the transformation of Latin America.
Milne has also argued that Hugo Chávez's presidency has been the target of "unfounded accusations of dictatorship" in the western media.
Milne claimed that Chávez proposed referendum to eliminate term limits (which passed on 15 February 2009 after previously rejected on August 2007) was "bring the country into line with the rules in France and Britain".