community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What percentage of Israel's population are Christian?
About the article "Israel", section "Religion".

Candidate passages:
 Arabs are a majority of the population in Israel's Northern District and in several natural regions in other parts of Israel.
Non-Haredi Jews are projected to become a minority of Israel's total population by 2059.  
Statistics are unclear as to the exact percentage of Panama's population that are Christian, though the country has large religious minorities who adhere to Buddhism, Islam, Judaism, and indigenous religions.
Most numbers consider around four-fifths of Panama's population to be Catholic, and up to 12% to be Protestant. 
Prime Minister Netanyahu asked Brody in early 2009 to help Israel in a yet-to-be-created official position of goodwill ambassador for the country.
In July 2010, Israeli Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman appointed Brody as the first international Goodwill Ambassador for Israel, to assist with Israel's international diplomacy.
In that unpaid position—the only money he receives is compensation for his expenses—he speaks to audiences outside of Israel about Israel's culture, sports, and successes, and Israelis' daily lives.
His trips outside Israel are coordinated by the Israeli Foreign Ministry and by Israel's embassies and consulates.
He speaks at schools, universities, Jewish and non-Jewish organizations and community centers, synagogues, Christian events, African-American organizations, and fundraising events.
While he seeks to encourage those people who support Israel, a major focus of his—which accords with a suggestion he was given by Harvard Law Professor Alan Dershowitz—is on those people who are undecided about Israel.
His discussions with groups outside of Israel have touched on the tension between terrorism and restrictions on freedom of movement, Israel's security fence, Israel's Black Ethiopian Jews, and the role of Israeli Arabs in Israeli society.
Brody said that he took on the role because it was what he wanted to do—serve the State of Israel. 
Podhoretz is emphatic in his defense of Israel in its conflicts with its Arab neighbors.
When pundit Pat Buchanan called Israel's actions in the 2006 Lebanon War "un-Christian", Podhoretz wrote: "You want to know what anti-Semitism is?
When Pat Buchanan calls Israel's military action 'un-Christian', that's anti-Semitism.
"In August 2011, referring to Max Blumenthal, Podhorez posted on Twitter:He later apologised and deleted the post. 
 The percentage of Christians among Singaporeans increased from 12.7% in 1990 to 17.5% in 2010.
Question: Which is the oldest form of combat that we know of?
About the article "Wrestling", section "History".

Candidate passages:
In 1781, Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) published his "Critique of Pure Reason", in which he attempted to determine what we can and cannot know through the use of reason independent of all experience.
Briefly, he came to the conclusion that we could come to know an external world through experience, but that what we could know about it was limited by the limited terms in which the mind can think: if we can only comprehend things in terms of cause and effect, then we can only know causes and effects.
It follows from this that we can know the form of all possible experience independent of all experience, but nothing else, but we can never know the world from the “standpoint of nowhere” and therefore we can never know the world in its entirety, neither via reason nor experience.
Since the publication of his "Critique", Immanuel Kant has been considered one of the greatest influences in all of western philosophy.
In the late 18th and early 19th century, one direct line of influence from Kant is German Idealism. 
Bhāruci's commentary (bhashya) on the Manu Smrti, or Laws of Manu, is part of the corpus of Dharmaśāstra texts available to us today.
It is the oldest commentary on Manu that we know of, and is one of the sources used by Medhātithi, another major commentator on the Manu Smṛti. 
Suppose that Dick and Jane both take a test to become licensed in a certain profession.
Because the high stakes (you get to practice the profession if you pass the test) may create a temptation to cheat, the organization that oversees the test creates two forms.
If we know that Dick scored 60% on form A and Jane score 70% on form B, do we know for sure which one has a better grasp of the material?
What if form A is composed of very difficult items, while form B is relatively easy?
Equating analyses are performed to address this very issue, so that scores are as fair as possible. 
Suppose the following: formula_7 We know that since  formula_8 must hold, then  formula_9 and  formula_10 should both hold.
From here, we can see that  formula_11 Squaring both sides, we get formula_12 Expanding, we can see that formula_13 Taking the square root of both sides, formula_14 Evaluating the inside of the square root, we see that formula_15 Which can be rearranged to form the original equation, formula_1  
The oldest of the sub-genres, and the one that still retains "iconic" status for board wargaming as a whole.
It got its start with the first board wargame, "Tactics" (which, ironically, used a square grid; hexes were a slightly later innovation), and is still used in many wargames today.
In its most typical form, a hex-and-counter wargame has a map with a hexagonal grid imposed over it, units are represented with cardboard counters that commonly have a unit type and designation as well as numerical combat and movement factors.
Players take turns moving and conducting attacks.
Combat is typically resolved with an odds-based combat results table (CRT) using a six sided die.
Question: Who provided additional vocal production?
About the article "Love the Way You Lie", section "Recording".

Candidate passages:
(*) Additional production(^) Vocal production 
 John Bender - Additional backing vocals/additional vocal production  
 Musicians Mike Skinner – vocals Matthew Bellamy – guitar, production Christopher Wolstenholme – bass, production Dominic Howard – drums, production Additional personnel Morgan Nicholls – vocal production Rich Costey – mixing Tommaso Colliva – engineering, mastering  
"Birthday" was written by Crista Russo, with additional writing by Mike Del Rio and Jacob Kasher Hindlin, under his stage name "J. Kash".
Production of the song was handled by Del Rio and Matt Beckley, who provided the song's vocal production.
It was recorded at Conway Studios in Los Angeles, California, and was engineered by Jonathan Sher.
Additional background vocals were done by Russo and Del Rio, while Serban Ghenea mixed the song at MixStar Studios in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
John Hanes served as the engineer for mix, and Del Rio provided the song's programming and sequencing. 
Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Halcyon".
Ellie Goulding – vocals  Jonny Lattimer – vocal production  MONSTA – additional vocal production, engineering, production  Rocky Morris – arrangement, instruments  Rufio Sandilands – arrangement, instruments  Mike Spencer – additional production, additional vocal production, engineering, instruments, mixing
Question: How many black bears live in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park?
About the article "Great Smoky Mountains National Park", section "Natural features".

Candidate passages:
Smoky Mountain is an adjective for things related to the Great Smoky Mountains (as in the Smoky Mountain National Park) and may refer to the following landforms: Smoky Mountain (California), a Guadalupe Mountains summit at [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%22Smoky+Mountain%22+California&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Smoky+Mountain,+Mariposa,+California+95338&gl=us&ei=SRKFTMOrMoSdlgeL0NGtDg&ved=0CBMQ8gEwAA&ll=37.441064,-120.031857&spn=0.020547,0.052142&t=p&z=15] Smoky Mountain (Idaho), a Cassia County, Idaho, summit at  Smoky Mountain (Tennessee), a Cumberland Mountains summit of  Smoky Mountain (Utah), a summit northwest of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area at  Smoky Mountains (Moon)  
Cataloochee is a valley in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina, located in the Southeastern United States.
Now a recreational and historic area within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cataloochee was once home to a substantial Appalachian community and Cherokee hunting ground. 
 Great Smoky Mountains National Park, shared with North Carolina  
In September 2010 Bear Head Lake State Park was the unlikely winner of the inaugural "America Is Your Park" internet poll.
More than 5.7 million votes were tallied in the contest sponsored by the Coca-Cola Company's Live Positively charitable campaign and the National Park Foundation.
Users were invited to vote as many times as they liked for any U.S. national, state, or municipal park to receive $100,000 and the title "America's Favorite Park."
Over 1.6 million votes were cast for Bear Head Lake, easily besting runner-up Great Smoky Mountains National Park by more than half a million.
This was an impressive showing for a park with an annual attendance of about 100,000, not even ranking in Minnesota's top ten state parks for overnight visits.
The win was credited in part to support from online fans of Lily and Hope, mother and cub black bears featured in a popular webcam by biologist Lynn Rogers of the North American Bear Center in Ely.
Some of his research bears dwell in the park.
Tipped off by Rogers, many of the bears' 200,000 Facebook and webcam fans promoted the contest as a viral phenomenon.
Internet activism by Lily followers had won other online grants and contests benefiting the Ely community.
An oversize check was presented to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources in a ceremony at their headquarters in St. Paul.
DNR officials said the money would go toward a trail center at Bear Head Lake State Park.
This long-desired amenity will provide an all-season gathering place for visitors.
Lily fans made another strong showing for the second "America's Favorite Park" poll, boosting nearby Soudan Underground Mine State Park to a second-place win and $50,000 prize in 2011. 
Cosby's economy is fueled by the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Foothills Parkway.
Question: What year was synchrotron radiation discovered?
About the article "Electron", section "Particle accelerators".

Candidate passages:
The Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CSRF) () was Canada's national synchrotron facility from 1983-2005.
Eventually consisting of three beamlines at the Synchrotron Radiation Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA, it served the Canadian synchrotron community until the opening of the Canadian Light Source in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, finally ceasing operations in 2008. 
The Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), located in Stoughton, Wisconsin and operated by the University of Wisconsin–Madison, is a national synchrotron light source research facility, operating the Aladdin storage ring.
From 1968-1987 SRC was the home of Tantalus, the first storage ring dedicated to the production of synchrotron radiation. 
In 1972 Bancroft took part in a workshop organised by Bill McGowan of (UWO) on the uses of synchrotron radiation, an event he has described "the beginning of my 30 year odyssey to develop Canadian synchrotron capabilities in the US and then in Canada".
He began work at the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA in 1975, as a result of contact established with then-SRC director Ed Rowe at the 1972 meeting.
After several failed attempts were made to establish a synchrotron facility in Canada, Bancroft submitted a proposal to the NRC to build a Canadian beamline at SRC.
In 1978 the newly created NSERC awarded capital funding, and the Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CSRF) was founded.
CSRF, owned and operated by NRC, with Bancroft as Scientific Director, grew from the initial beamline to a total of three by 1998. 
The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) is a synchrotron light user facility located on the SLAC campus.
Originally built for particle physics, it was used in experiments where the J/ψ meson was discovered.
It is now used exclusively for materials science and biology experiments which take advantage of the high-intensity synchrotron radiation emitted by the stored electron beam to study the structure of molecules.
In the early 1990s, an independent electron injector was built for this storage ring, allowing it to operate independently of the main linear accelerator. 
NINA was a particle accelerator located at Daresbury Laboratory, UK that was used for particle physics and synchrotron radiation.
Question: What is a major component of Egypt's economy?
About the article "Egypt", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
The primary industry of Ichinomiya is specialized agriculture, with concentration on tomato, melons and fruits.
The tourist and resort industry is also a major component of the local economy. 
In The 1970 census counted 57 percent of Egypt's population as rural, including those residing in agricultural areas in the Nile Valley and Delta, as well as the much smaller number of persons living in desert areas.
Rural areas differ from the urban in terms of poverty, fertility rates, and other social factors.
Agriculture is a key component of the economy in rural areas, though some people are employed in the tourist industry or other non-farm occupations.
In 1992, the percentage of Egypt's population employed in agriculture was 33 percent.
The agricultural industry is dependent on irrigation from the Nile River. 
Mining is a minor component of the local economy. 
Weyburn is the largest inland grain gathering point in Canada.
Well over half a million tons of grain pass through the Weyburn terminals each year.
Oil and gas exploration make up the other major component of the economy. 
Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Egypt's economy.
More than 12.8 million tourists visited Egypt in 2008, providing revenues of nearly $11 billion.
The sector employs about 12% of Egypt's workforce.
Question: In how many cities did people riot after Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated?
About the article "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.", section "Riots".

Candidate passages:
Many museums of interest are located in Memphis, including the National Civil Rights Museum, located in the former Lorraine Motel where Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated.
It includes a historical overview of the American civil rights movement, ranging from the abolishment of slavery to more modern themes such the GLBT movement.
On Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, a yearly parade and celebration happens outside the room where Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot. 
The 1968 Kansas City riot was a riot that occurred in Kansas City, Missouri in April 1968.
Kansas City became one of thirty-seven cities in the United States to be the subject of rioting after the assassination Martin Luther King, Jr..
The rioting in Kansas City did not erupt on April 4, like other cities of the United States affected directly by the assassination of King, but rather on April 9 after local events within the city. 
The Wilmington Riot of 1968 occurred in April of that year following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr..
The riot did not cause any fatalities, though there were numerous injuries, arrests, and buildings burned. 
In the years after King was assassinated, reports emerged that the government was destroying sensitive documents related to the murder case.
The FBI was criticized for appearing unusually reluctant to release records pertaining to King.
In 1977, Judge John Lewis Smith ruled against Bernard Lee and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in a lawsuit, and ordered that the King files be sealed for 50 years.
In 1983, Senator Jesse Helms attempted to open the files because he believed that release of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) records would incriminate King and prevent the establishment of Martin Luther King, Jr. Day as a federal holiday.
He was denied by Judge Smith.
The documents are thus not slated for release until 2027.
Among these are an FBI file called "MURKIN", for "murder of King", and information about how the FBI, through COINTELPRO, targeted King while he was alive.
Some of the sealed FBI documents relate to the theory that James Earl Ray did not act alone—that there may have been a conspiracy to kill King.
Due to known FBI policies, many of its records may be destroyed before that date, thus leaving many questions about the King assassination unresolved. 
Martin Luther King, Jr. Academy, named after Martin Luther King, Jr., was founded to educate dropouts and at-risk students.
Question: What is the extra track added to "How to Save a Life"?
About the article "How to Save a Life", section "Track listing".

Candidate passages:
In later editions, an extra track was added:
<li value=13>"Unsaid" – 3:05
Bonus CD:
<li value=14>"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Live at the Gothic (05.20.2005))
"How to Save a Life" (Live for MTV.com & VH1.com (07.14.2005))
"Look After You" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))
"Heaven Forbid" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))
Bonus DVD:
How to Save a Life (The Story)
On The Road 2006 (Documentary)
"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Music Video)
"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Making the video)
 UK CDS 1  "How to Save a Life"  "She Is" - Acoustic from Stripped Raw + Real UK CDS 2  "How to Save a Life"  "How to Save a Life" - Acoustic from Stripped Raw + Real  "She Is" - Acoustic from Stripped Raw + Real  "How to Save a Life" - CD-Rom  
"All at Once" is a song by Denver-based piano rock band The Fray and is the fourth track and fourth single from their debut album, "How to Save a Life". 
Album 
How to Save a Marriage and Ruin Your Life is a 1968 film directed by Fielder Cook.
It stars Dean Martin and Stella Stevens.
Question: When and how did the Australian visual arts begin?
About the article "Australia", section "Arts".

Candidate passages:
One of its antecedent institutions, the South Australian School of Arts, dates back to 1861 when it was established as the "School of Design", (it was retitled "School of Design Painting and Technical Arts" in 1892, then "South Australian School of Arts and Crafts" in 1909, and then "South Australian School of Art" in 1958) which makes it one of the oldest art schools in Australia, and its oldest public art school.
The South Australian School of Arts, an established school within the Division of Education, Arts and Social Sciences, provides the most prestigious and valuable visual arts scholarship in Australia, the Gordon Samstag Scholarship. 
Visual Arts, Photography, Performance Arts, Woodworking, Music, and Drama 
Students who attend Toledo Early College High School begin taking college classes when they are a freshman.
This first class is taught on the Scott Park campus and directed by a college instructor.
During the student's sophomore year, he or she begins taking classes on the main campus of the University of Toledo.
During the student's junior and senior year, most if not all classes are taken on the University of Toledo campuses, including the Center for Visual Arts at the Toledo Museum of Art.
Students can graduate from TECHS with up to 60 college credits, equivalent to two years of credit at UT. 
  Rozelle Public School  Sydney College of the Arts (part of Sydney University)  Sydney Community College  Australian International Conservatorium of Music  Rozelle School of Visual Arts  
The WCCA visual arts program includes painting, sculpture and drawing.
The students begin with fundamental principles of design in drawing.
Twice every year, the students of WCCA visual arts and media put together an art show at the local gallery Art Speak.
Students have exhibited artwork at Windsor's Art in the Park, and have been included in many other local shows.
Question: Has most coffee been roasted at the time of sale?
About the article "Coffee", section "Roasting".

Candidate passages:
Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans into roasted coffee products.
The roasting process is what produces the characteristic flavor of coffee by causing the green coffee beans to expand and to change in color, taste, smell, and density.
Unroasted beans contain similar acids, protein, and caffeine as those that have been roasted, but lack the taste.
Heat must be applied for the Maillard and other chemical reactions to occur.
As green coffee is more stable than roasted, the roasting process tends to take place close to where it will be consumed.
This reduces the time that roasted coffee spends in distribution, giving it a longer shelf life.
The vast majority of coffee is roasted commercially on a large scale, but some coffee drinkers roast coffee at home in order to have more control over the freshness and flavor profile of the beans. 
Coffee preparation is the process of turning coffee beans into a beverage.
While the particular steps vary with the type of coffee and with the raw materials, the process includes four basic steps; raw coffee beans must be roasted, the roasted coffee beans must then be ground, the ground coffee must then be mixed with hot water for a certain time (brewed), and finally the liquid coffee must be separated from the used grounds.
Coffee is usually brewed immediately before drinking.
In most areas, coffee may be purchased unprocessed, or already roasted, or already roasted and ground.
Coffee is often vacuum packed to prevent oxidation and lengthen its shelf life. 
This acid has been isolated from roasted Colombian Arabica Coffee beans. 
Lacas Coffee Company is one of the nation's longest-established independent coffee roasters.
Since 1921, the company has been selecting, importing and roasting new crop Arabica beans from plantations throughout the world’s coffee growing regions.
The company's original blends, specialty, organic, and fair trade coffees are custom roasted at its primary roasting facility in Pennsauken, New Jersey.  
Home roasting is the process of roasting coffee from green coffee beans on a small scale for personal consumption.
Home roasting of coffee has been practiced for centuries, using simple methods such as roasting in cast iron skillets over a wood fire and hand-turning small steel drums on a kitchen stovetop.
Until the early 20th century it was more common to roast coffee at home than to buy pre-roasted coffee.
Following World War I commercial coffee roasting became prevalent and, combined with the distribution of instant coffee, home roasting decreased substantially.
In recent years there has been a revival in home roasting; what was originally a necessity has now become a hobby.
The attractions are four-fold: enjoying fresh, flavorful coffee; experimenting with various beans and roasting methods; perfecting the roasting process; and saving money.
These hobbyists are being catered to by various sources including coffee suppliers selling green coffee in small quantities and manufacturers making counter-top roasters.
Question: When did "Glad you Came" premiere on the radio?
About the article "Glad You Came", section "Background".

Candidate passages:
Glad to Know You is a 1981 dance single by the former keyboard/guitarist for Ian Dury & the Blockheads, Chas Jankel.
Along with the singles, "3,000,000 Synths, and the self penned, "Ai No Corrida", "Glad to Know You" hit #1 on Hot Dance Club Play charts, for seven weeks, becoming the biggest dance single of 1982.
Although the single did not make the Hot 100, it peaked at number fifty-seven on the R&B charts.  
The music video for "Lightning" was director by Director X, the same director who produced the video for "Glad You Came".
The video was filmed in LA, and premiered on 22 September 2011, via The Wanted's YouTube channel.
The video features the members of the band performing during a rave, in a similar fashion to their "Glad You Came" video.
The video is set at night, and also features many explosions and kissing scenes. 
The film was probably unnoticed when it first came out in movie theaters, but did well in DVD sales.
June 28, 2006, the movie get a network premiere on BET. 
Watch it, laugh, weep and be glad it’s not you.