Question: What did the author of "The Rape of Nanking", criticize Murayama for failing to do.
About the article "Nanking Massacre", section "Apology and condolences by the Prime Minister and Emperor of Japan".

Candidate passages:
On August 15, 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the Surrender of Japan, the Japanese prime minister Tomiichi Murayama gave the first clear and formal apology for Japanese actions during the war.
He apologized for Japan's wrongful aggression and the great suffering that it inflicted in Asia.
He offered his heartfelt apology to all survivors and to the relatives and friends of the victims.
That day, the prime minister and the Japanese Emperor Akihito pronounced statements of mourning at Tokyo's Nippon Budokan.
The emperor offered his condolences and expressed the hope that such atrocities would never be repeated.
Iris Chang, author of "The Rape of Nanking", criticized Murayama for not providing the written apology that had been expected.
She said that the people of China "don't believe that an... unequivocal and sincere apology has ever been made by Japan to China" and that a written apology from Japan would send a better message to the international community.
Masaaki Tanaka (February 11, 1911 – January 8, 2006) was a Japanese author notable for his book "What Really Happened in Nanking: The Refutation of a Common Myth", which denies that the Nanking Massacre as traditionally understood took place.
Originally written in Japanese in 1987, an English version was published in 2000 in response to Iris Chang's book, The Rape of Nanking. 
Within the 20th century, legal mechanisms have been drawn up to deal with prosecution of perpetrators of war rape.
Similarly, individual states have laws pertaining to war rape's victims and perpetrators.
Prosecution of rapists in war crime tribunals is a recent development.
Generally, humanitarian law concerns the maltreatment of civilians and "any devastation not justified by military necessity".
War rape has rarely been prosecuted as a war crime.
After World War II, the Nuremberg Tribunals failed to charge Nazi war criminals with rape, although witnesses testified on war rape.
The War Crimes Tribunal in Tokyo did convict Japanese officers "of failing to prevent rape" in the Nanking massacre, which is known as the "Rape of Nanking".
Justice Richard Goldstone, chief prosecutor at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, said that "Rape has never been the concern of the international community."
The United Nations "Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict", which went into effect in 1974, does not mention rape specifically.
United States The United States has a ban on abortion attached to its humanitarian aid for war victims, with no exceptions for rape, incest, and/or to save the life of the mother. 
Before the 1970s, China did relatively little to draw attention to the Nanking massacre.
In her book "Rape of Nanking" Iris Chang asserted that the politics of the Cold War encouraged Mao to stay relatively silent about Nanking in order to keep a trade relationship with Japan.
In turn, China and Japan occasionally used Nanking as an opportunity to demonize one another. 
The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe is a collection of the personal journals of John Rabe, a German businessman who lived in Nanjing at the time of the Nanking Massacre in 1937–1938.
The book contains the diaries that Rabe kept during the Nanking Massacre, writing from his personal experience and observation of the events that took place.
It also excerpts Rabe's experience in immediate post-war Berlin, then occupied by Soviet troops.
Rabe's diaries were made known and quoted by author Iris Chang during the research for her book, "The Rape of Nanking"; they were subsequently translated from German to English by John E. Woods and published in the United States in 1998.