Question: Where does the U.K. rank in healthcare provision in the year 2000 according to the WHO?
About the article "United Kingdom", section "Healthcare".

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Orthotists are healthcare professionals that specialize in the provision of orthoses.
In the United States, orthotists work by prescription from a licensed healthcare provider who has consult and directive authority- often physicians, some times physician assistants or nurse practitioners.
Physical therapists, in spite of their professional doctorate, are not legally authorized to prescribe orthoses in the U.S.
In the U.K., orthotists may accept open referrals for orthotic assessment without a specific prescription from doctors or other healthcare professionals.
Aside from orthotists, many other healthcare professionals may be involved in the provision of orthoses. 
Healthcare in Singapore is mainly under the responsibility of the Singapore Government's Ministry of Health.
Singapore generally has an efficient and widespread system of healthcare.
Singapore was ranked 6th in the World Health Organization's ranking of the world's health systems in the year 2000.
Bloomberg ranked Singapore’s healthcare system the 2nd most efficient in the world after Hong Kong.
Singapore has a non-modified universal healthcare system where the government ensures affordability of healthcare within the public health system, largely through a system of compulsory savings, subsidies, and price controls.
Singapore's system uses a combination of compulsory savings from payroll deductions to provide subsidies within a nationalized health insurance plan known as Medisave.
Within Medisave, each citizen accumulates funds that are individually tracked, and such funds can be pooled within and across an entire extended family.
The vast majority of Singapore citizens have substantial savings in this scheme.
One of three levels of subsidy is chosen by the patient at the time of the healthcare episode.
A key principle of Singapore's national health scheme is that no medical service is provided free of charge, regardless of the level of subsidy, even within the public healthcare system.
This mechanism is intended to reduce the overutilisation of healthcare services, a phenomenon often seen in fully subsidised universal health insurance systems.
Out-of-pocket charges vary considerably for each service and level of subsidy.
At the highest level of subsidy, although each out-of-pocket expense is typically small, costs can accumulate and become substantial for patients and families.
At the lowest level, the subsidy is in effect nonexistent, and patients are treated like private patients, even within the public system.
The increasingly large private sector provides care to those who are privately insured, foreign patients, or public patients who are able to afford what often amount to very large out-of-pocket payments above the levels provided by government subsidies.
Approximately 70-80% of Singaporeans obtain their medical care within the public health system.
Overall government spending on healthcare amounts to only 3-4% of annual GDP, partly because government expenditure on healthcare in the private system is extremely low.
Singapore currently has the lowest infant mortality rate in the world (equalled only by Iceland) and among the highest life expectancies from birth, according to the World Health Organization.
Singapore has "one of the most successful healthcare systems in the world, in terms of both efficiency in financing and the results achieved in community health outcomes," according to an analysis by global consulting firm Towers Watson.
The government regularly adjusts policies to actively regulate "the supply and prices of healthcare services in the country" in an attempt to keep costs in check.
However, for the most part the government does not directly regulate the costs of private medical care.
These costs are largely subject to market forces, and vary enormously within the private sector, depending on the medical specialty and service provided.
The specific features of the Singapore healthcare system are unique, and have been described as a "very difficult system to replicate in many other countries."
Many Singaporeans also have supplemental private health insurance (often provided by employers) for services not covered by the government's programs. 
The most common mode of healthcare delivery is through personal, face-to-face contact between a healthcare provider and a beneficiary (patient).
There is, however, an increasing trend towards the provision of healthcare in the absence of a personal contact: this is known as 'in absentia health care'. 
Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses.
Health insurance for public sector employees is primarily provided by the government.
60–65% of healthcare provision and spending comes from programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.
Most of the population under 65 is insured by their or a family member's employer, some buy health insurance on their own, and the remainder are uninsured.
Of 17 high-income countries studied by the National Institutes of Health in 2013, the United States was at or near the bottom in infant mortality, heart and lung disease, sexually transmitted infections, adolescent pregnancies, injuries, homicides, and rates of disability.
Together, such issues place the U.S. at the bottom of the list for life expectancy.
On average, a U.S. male can be expected to live almost four fewer years than those in the top-ranked country.
A study by the National Institutes of Health reported that the lifetime per capita expenditure at birth, using year 2000 dollars, showed a large difference between health care costs of females ($361,192) and males ($268,679).
A large portion of this cost difference is in the shorter lifespan of men, but even after adjustment for age (assume men live as long as women), there still is a 20% difference in lifetime health care expenditures.
There is evidence, however, that a large proportion of health outcomes and early mortality can be attributed to other factors.
As a study by the National Research Council concluded, more than half the men who die before 50 die due to murder (19%), traffic accidents (18%), and other accidents (16%).
For women the percentages are different.
53% of women who die before 50 die due to disease, whereas 38% die due to accidents, homicide, and suicide.
A study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that there were 38.6 million hospital stays in the U.S. in 2011, an 11 percent increase since 1997.
Since the population also grew during this period, the hospitalization rate remained stable at approximately 1,200 stays per 10,000 population.
The U.S. Census Bureau reported that 49.9 million residents, 16.3% of the population, were uninsured in 2010 (up from 49.0 million residents, 16.1% of the population, in 2009).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($7,146), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (15.2%), than any other nation in 2008.
The United States had the fourth highest level of government health care spending per capita ($3,426), behind three countries with higher levels of GDP per capita: Monaco, Luxembourg, and Norway.
A 2001 study in five states found that medical debt contributed to 46.2% of all personal bankruptcies and in 2007, 62.1% of filers for bankruptcies claimed high medical expenses.
Since then, health costs and the numbers of uninsured and underinsured have increased.
A 2013 study found that about 25% of all senior citizens declare bankruptcy due to medical expenses.
Active debate about health care reform in the United States concerns questions of a right to health care, access, fairness, efficiency, cost, choice, value, and quality.
Some have argued that the system does not deliver equivalent value for the money spent.
The U.S. pays twice as much as Canada yet lags behind other wealthy nations in such measures as infant mortality and life expectancy.
Currently, the U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate than most of the world's industrialized nations.
In the United States life expectancy is 42nd in the world, after some other industrialized nations, lagging the other nations of the G5 (Japan, France, Germany, U.K., U.S.) and just after Chile (35th) and Cuba (37th).
Life expectancy at birth in the U.S., 78.49, is 50th in the world, below most developed nations and some developing nations.
Monaco is first with 89.68.
Chad is last with 48.69.
With 72.4% Americans of European ancestry, life expectancy is below the average life expectancy for the European Union.
The World Health Organization (WHO), in 2000, ranked the U.S. health care system as the highest in cost, first in responsiveness, 37th in overall performance, and 72nd by overall level of health (among 191 member nations included in the study).
The Commonwealth Fund ranked the United States last in the quality of health care among similar countries, and notes U.S. care costs the most.
United States ranks close to the bottom compared to other industrialized countries on several important health issues affecting mortality: low birth weight and infant mortality, injuries and murder, teen pregnancy and STDs, HIV and AIDS, deaths resulting from drug overdoses, obesity and diabetes, heart disease, COPD, and general disability.
A 2004 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report said: "The United States is among the few industrialized nations in the world that "does not guarantee access" to health care for its population."
A 2004 OECD report said: "With the exception of Mexico, Turkey, and the United States, all OECD countries had achieved universal or near-universal (at least 98.4% insured) coverage of their populations by 1990."
The 2004 IOM report observed "lack of health insurance causes roughly 18,000 unnecessary deaths every year in the United States."
while a 2009 Harvard study estimated that 44,800 excess deaths occurred annually due to lack of health insurance.
On March 23, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) became law, providing for major changes in health insurance. 
Inquiry, The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing is a quarterly peer-reviewed healthcare journal covering public policy issues, innovative concepts, and original research in healthcare provision.