community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the primary international governing body for beach volleyball?
About the article "Beach volleyball", section "Governing bodies".

Candidate passages:
The primary international governing body for beach volleyball is the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).
The regional governing bodies are:
Asia – Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC)
Africa – Confédération Africaine de Volleyball (CAV)
Europe – European Volleyball Confederation (CEV)
North and Central America – North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA)
South America – Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV)
In the United States, USA Volleyball is the governing body for beach volleyball, as well as indoor volleyball.
In the 2010–11 academic year, the NCAA began sponsoring beach volleyball, which it calls "sand volleyball", as an "emerging" women's sport.
Initially, it was sponsored only for Division II, with Division I added the following academic year.
NCAA competition follows standard beach volleyball rules, with competitions involving five doubles teams from each participating school.
The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (International Federation of Volleyball), commonly known by the acronym FIVB, is the international governing body for the sport of indoor, beach and grass volleyball.
Its headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland and its current president is Ary Graça. 
Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is the continental governing body for the sport of volleyball in Asia. 
The Tunisian Volleyball Federation (FTVB) (), is the governing body for Volleyball in Tunisia since 1956. 
The Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol (CBV) (Portuguese for "Brazilian Volleyball Confederation") is the governing body of volleyball and beach volleyball in Brazil.
Formed in 1954, its headquarters are in Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro.
The CBV is a member of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) and the South American Volleyball Confederation (CSV) and it is affiliated to the Brazilian Olympic Committee.
It organizes both the men's and women's Brazilian Volleyball Superleague, which are the top level's volleyball competition in Brazil, and also organizes the Salonpas Cup, which is an international women's club cup competition played annually in Brazil.
The organization also administrates the Brazil men's national volleyball team and the Brazil women's national volleyball team.
Question: Who directed the 3rd episode of the first series of Orange is the New Black?
About the article "Orange Is the New Black", section "Production".

Candidate passages:
"The Devil In the Dark" is the 3rd episode of the first season of the American science fiction series "Defiance", and the series' 3rd episode overall.
It was aired on April 29, 2013.
The episode was written by Michael Taylor and it was directed by Omar Madha. 
"Loner" is the 3rd episode of the first season of the CW television series "The Secret Circle", and the series' 3rd episode overall.
It aired on September 29, 2011.
The episode was written by Richard Hatem and it was directed by Colin Bucksey. 
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"Orange Is the New Black" generated more viewers and hours viewed in its first week than other Netflix original series, "House of Cards" and "Arrested Development". 
"Snip" is the 3rd episode of the fourth season of the American sitcom "Modern Family", and the series' 75th episode overall.
It aired October 10, 2012.
The episode was written by Danny Zuker and directed by Gail Mancuso.
Question: What is a quantum?
About the article "Quantum", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
In quantum mechanics, "observation" is synonymous with quantum measurement and "observer" with a measurement apparatus and observable with what can be measured.
See also quantum mind-body problem, measurement in quantum mechanics and Schrödinger's cat. 
Quantum information science is an area of study based on the idea that information science depends on quantum effects in physics.
It includes theoretical issues in computational models as well as more experimental topics in quantum physics including what can and cannot be done with quantum information.
The term quantum information theory is sometimes used, but it fails to encompass experimental research in the area.
Subfields include:  Quantum computing, which deals on the one hand with the question how and whether one can build a quantum computer and on the other hand, algorithms that harness its power (see quantum algorithm)  Quantum complexity theory  Quantum cryptography and its generalization, quantum communication  Quantum error correction  Quantum communication complexity  Quantum entanglement, as seen from an information-theoretic point of view  Quantum dense coding  Quantum teleportation is a well-known quantum information processing operation, which can be used to move any arbitrary quantum state from one particle (at one location) to another.  
Quantum imaging, is a new sub-field of quantum optics that exploits quantum correlations such as quantum entanglement of the electromagnetic field in order to image objects with a resolution or other imaging criteria that is beyond what is possible in classical optics.
Examples of quantum imaging are quantum ghost imaging, quantum lithography, and quantum sensing.
Quantum imaging may someday be useful for storing patterns of data in quantum computers and transmitting large amounts of highly secure encrypted information.
Quantum mechanics has shown that light has inherent “uncertainties” in its features, manifested as moment-to-moment fluctuations in its properties.
Controlling these fluctuations—which represent a sort of “noise”—can improve detection of faint objects, produce better amplified images, and allow workers to more accurately position laser beams. 
In physics, a quantum instrument is a mathematical abstraction of a quantum measurement, capturing both the classical and quantum outputs.
It combines the concepts of measurement and quantum operation. 
In quantum information theory, quantum relative entropy is a measure of distinguishability between two quantum states.
It is the quantum mechanical analog of relative entropy.
Question: When was Mona Lisa painted?
About the article "Leonardo da Vinci", section "Paintings of the 1500s".

Candidate passages:
The Abomination.
"The Abomination" is a fifteenth-century painting by Giuseppe Di Cattivo.
The painting was considered too terrifying to be seen.
The paint used contained a mineral that hosted an alien organism.
Once in close proximity to the Mona Lisa (painted with the same mineral paint), the Abomination and Mona Lisa came to life.
The painting of the Abomination was stored in a vault that required a complex puzzle key to open it.
When Mona Lisa came to life, she sought the key to release the Abomination. 
  Monna Vanna, by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1866)  Dante and Beatrice", by Henry Holiday (1864)  "Monna Vanna", a nude version of the "Mona Lisa" painted by Salaì (Gian Giacomo Caprotti da Oreno), a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci.
("Monna" was the Renaissance title for "Lady", e.g., Mona Lisa, Monna Vanna).  
 "Mona Lisa," an hip hop song by Slick Rick  Mona Lisa (band), a French theatrical rock band from the 1970s "Mona Lisa" (Britney Spears song) "Mona Lisa" (EP), the second extended play by MBLAQ "Mona Lisa" (Nat King Cole song) "Mona Lisa" (opera), an opera by Max von Schillings (1915) "Mona Lisa (When The World Comes Down)", a song by All-American Rejects on their album "When the World Comes Down" "Mona Lisa", a song by Bayside on their album "Killing Time" "The Mona Lisa" (song), by Brad Paisley "The Ballad of Mona Lisa", from the album "Vices & Virtues" by Panic!
at the Disco Music.
Smile like Mona Lisa by All 4 One 
The avant-garde art world has made note of the undeniable fact of the "Mona Lisa's" popularity.
Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures.
Already in 1883, "Le rire," an image of a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, by Sapeck (Eugène Bataille), was shown at the "Incoherents" show in Paris.
In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential modern artists, created "L.H.O.O.Q.
", a "Mona Lisa" parody made by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and a goatee.
Duchamp added an inscription, which when read out loud in French sounds like "Elle a chaud au cul" meaning: "she has a hot ass", implying the woman in the painting is in a state of sexual excitement and intended as a Freudian joke.
According to Rhonda R. Shearer, the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modelled on Duchamp's own face.
Salvador Dalí, famous for his surrealist work, painted "Self portrait as Mona Lisa" in 1954.
In 1963 following the painting's visit to the United States, Andy Warhol created serigraph prints of multiple "Mona Lisa"s called "Thirty are Better than One", like his works of Marilyn Monroe ("Twenty-five Coloured Marilyns", 1962), Elvis Presley (1964) and Campbell's soup (1961–1962). 
  "Moona Lisa" - painting of the Mona Lisa showing her bottom.
Sold in 2006.
"The Morning After New York" - painted in 2008 in East Village, New York.
The building was threatened with demoltion in 2011.
"Pope" - painted on a ticket hut in London for the pontiff's visit in 2010.
Question: Who does Tyler hitch a ride from in the film?
About the article "Everybody Talks", section "Music video".

Candidate passages:
Hitch may refer to:  Hitch knot, a knot used to attach a rope to a fixed object  Tow hitch, a construction on a truck or car to attach a trailer  Hitches, fish in the genus "Lavinia (genus)" including "Lavinia exilicauda"  Hitchhiking, a form of travel in which the traveller tries to get a lift (ride) from another traveller  Hitch (route), a pattern run by a receiver in American football  "Hitch" (film), a 2005 movie starring Will Smith  
The ballad tells the story of a hitch hiker's encounter with the ghost of Hank Williams, Sr in a ride from Alabama to Tennessee. 
In 2005 Stott appeared as an extra in the film "", portraying a "red light district girl".
In 2009 Stott starred in "A Little Hitch" – a short film directed by Dwayne Bell and distributed via Body in Mind.
Stott plays a stranded driver who removes her clothes to obtain a ride from a passing motorist. 
Hitchhiking, is a form of travelling, but the term may also refer to one of the following:  "Hitch Hike" (song), a 1963 song by Marvin Gaye  Hitch hike (dance), a dance move  "Hitchhike!
A WetBike is a planing water motor cycle that is often described as cross between a motorcycle and a jet ski.
The original Wetbike was introduced in 1978 by Spirit Marine, a subsidiary of Arctic Enterprises (now known as Arctic Cat).
The Wetbike is challenging to ride, because it does require a good deal of balance.
It was powered by a Suzuki 2 stroke engine, and a small pump-jet.
During the latter years of Wetbikes (late 1980s) there were considerable advances such as 60hp Suzuki 800cc engines, and the Metton hulls, which were much lighter than previous models.
Eventually the Wetbike gave way to the new personal water craft (PWC) such as the Yamaha WaveRunner, mainly because they are much easier to ride.
They were last produced in 1992.
The original Wetbike was designed by Nelson Tyler, who became well known for his film industry camera mounts known as the "Tyler Mount".
The design was sold to Kawasaki later.
Question: In what poll was bibimbap in position for on the Worlds 50 most delicious foods
About the article "Bibimbap", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Bibimbap (비빔밥, , sometimes anglicized bi bim bap or bi bim bop) is a signature Korean dish.
The word literally means "mixed rice".
"Bibimbap" is served as a bowl of warm white rice topped with "namul" (sautéed and seasoned vegetables) and "gochujang" (chili pepper paste).
A raw or fried egg and sliced meat (usually beef) are common additions.
The ingredients are stirred together thoroughly just before eating.
It is best served hot.
In Korea, Jeonju, Jinju, and Tongyeong are especially famous for their versions of bibimbap.
In 2011, it was listed at number 40 on the "World's 50 most delicious foods" readers' poll compiled by CNN Travel.
Bulgogi (; ) is a Korean dish that usually consists of grilled marinated beef.
It is listed at number 23 on "World's 50 most delicious foods" readers' poll compiled by "CNN Go" in 2011. 
  Pad Thai is listed at number 5 on "World's 50 most delicious foods" readers' poll compiled by CNN Go" in 2011."
The Thai film "Jao saao Pad Thai" uses pad Thai as a plot device as the protagonist claims she will marry whoever eats her pad Thai for 100 days in a row.
In 2008, in an episode of "Throwdown!
with Bobby Flay", Bobby Flay was defeated by Chef Nongkran Daks at her restaurant, Thai Basil, in Chantilly, Virginia.  
In Andong during the Joseon Dynasty, it was common for jesa foods to be eaten rather than used in the ceremony.
Such meals were called "heotjesabap" or "fake jesa food."
The most common dish was a special type of bibimbap mixed with soy sauce (ganjang) instead of the more common hot pepper paste (gochujang).
They were a common late-night snack for yangban scholars known as seonbi, and many restaurants in Andong still serve heotjesabap today. 
Roti prata (印度煎饼 in Chinese) is a fried flour-based pancake that is cooked over a flat grill.
It is usually served with a vegetable or meat based curry and is from Malaysia and Singapore.
Prata is also commonly cooked (upon request) with cheese, onion, banana, red bean, chocolate, mushroom or egg.
It is listed at number 45 on "World's 50 most delicious foods" readers' poll compiled by CNN Go" in 2011.
Question: Where is the Dali permanent exhibit located?
About the article "Salvador Dalí", section "Dalí museums and permanent exhibitions".

Candidate passages:
Ad Dali', also spelled Al-Dhale and Al Dhale (), is a capital town of Ad Dali' Governorate, southwestern Yemen.
It is located at around , in the elevation of around 1500 metres.  
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dali/Tali (, ) is a diocese located in the city of Dali in the Ecclesiastical province of Kunming in China.
In 2000, the Vatican appointed Lawrence Zhang Wen-Chang as Apostolic Administrator of Dali.
He served until his death in 2012. 
Dali Station () is a railway station on the Taiwan Railway Administration (TRA) Yilan Line located in Toucheng Township, Yilan County, Taiwan. 
The "Dali" names from 大里杙 (Dali yi, Dali is from aborigines, yi is a bamboo raft's toon.
). 
Dali is located on a fertile plateau between the Cangshan Range to the west and Erhai lake to the east.
It has traditionally been settled by the Bai and Yi minorities.
It is also the capital of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture.
Question: How was coffee described according to Mark Pendergrast ?
About the article "Coffee", section "Commodity".

Candidate passages:
Coffee is bought and sold by roasters, investors, and price speculators as a tradable commodity in commodity markets and exchange-traded funds.
Coffee futures contracts for Grade 3 washed arabicas are traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange under ticker symbol KC, with contract deliveries occurring every year in March, May, July, September, and December.
Coffee is an example of a product that has been susceptible to significant commodity futures price variations.
Higher and lower grade arabica coffees are sold through other channels.
Futures contracts for robusta coffee are traded on the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange and, since 2007, on the New York IntercontinentalExchange.
Coffee has been described by many, including historian Mark Pendergrast, as the world's "second most legally traded commodity."
However, this claim has been recently refuted by Pendergrast among others after further research.
Pendergrast was born in 1948 to Nan and Britt Pendergrast, the fourth of seven children.
He was raised in Atlanta, Georgia.
He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature from Harvard College, after which he taught for several years in public schools.
Pendergrast later attended Simmons College in Boston, where he obtained a Master of Arts degree in Library Science.
He worked as an academic librarian and freelance writer until becoming a full-time writer in 1991.
Pendergrast lives in Essex Junction, Vermont. 
Pendergrast has published five books on various topics.
Two are histories of caffeinated beverages (Coca-Cola and coffee).
His latest (2010) non-fiction book is a history of the Epidemic Intelligence Service.
Pendergrast has also reviewed books for "The Philadelphia Inquirer" and "Atlanta Journal-Constitution".
He has contributed articles to the "Wall Street Journal", the "New York Times", the "Financial Analyst", "The Sun", "Vermont Life Magazine", "Sea History", "Library Journal", and "Professional Psychology".
Pendergrast co-edited "The Aftermath: A Survivor's Odyssey Through War-Torn Europe", a Holocaust memoir by Henry Lilienheim.
He has spoken at scientific and journalism seminars and on college campuses.
He writes a regular column about coffee for the "Wine Spectator".
Pendergrast is a member of the National Association of Science Writers, the Society of Environmental Journalists, and the League of Vermont Writers.
He is a member of the governing board of the National Center for Reason and Justice, a nonprofit organization which works with innocent people falsely accused or convicted of child abuse (related to the subject of his book "Victims of Memory").
That book's introduction states that Pendergrast is a member of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation, which provides information for "distraught accused parents, mental health professionals, and all those caught up in the repressed-memory phenomenon."
Mark Pendergrast (born 1948) is an American independent scholar and author of five books.
Question: What is the name of the worldview Tolkien reflects within the themes of the "Lord of the Rings" anthology?
About the article "The Lord of the Rings", section "Influences".

Candidate passages:
The Tolkien family is an English family whose best known member is J. R. R. Tolkien, Oxford academic and author of the fantasy books "The Hobbit", "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Silmarillion". 
The Lord of the Rings is an epic fantasy novel by J. R. R. Tolkien.
The Lord of the Rings may also refer to: 
2675 Tolkien is a small main belt asteroid, which was discovered by M. Watt in 1982.
It is named after J.R.R.
Tolkien, a philologist, university professor, and author of "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings". 
Lord of the Rings Adventure Game is a role-playing game based on the writings of J.R.R.
Tolkien (specifically "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit") under license from Tolkien Enterprises.
Iron Crown Enterprises (I.C.E.)
published the game until they lost the license on 22 Sep 1999. 
The "Watcher in the Water" is the only name Tolkien gave to this creature in the "The Lord of the Rings", and in any of his writings, although Tolkien refers to the Watcher in the Water as simply "The Watcher" for the remainder of the novel.
Question: What is the BAU a part of?
About the article "Criminal Minds", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Bau Airport is an airport serving Bau, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 
Bau-Bau or Bau-bau (Indonesian: "Kota Bau-bau") is the main city on Buton island, Indonesia.
Bau-Bau reached the city status on 21 June 2001, based on the Indonesian law number 13, year 2001.
A port called Murhum serves the city sea transportation with a ferry terminal ("jetty") operated by the Indonesian state-owned sealiner, Pelni. 
Geographically, Bau-bau lies between lattitute 5.21°S–5.33°S and longitude 122.30°E–122.47°E, or lies on the southern part of south east Sulawesi region.
Bau-Bau is bordered at the north by the Buton strait, the east by the Kapontori subdistrict, the south by the Pasarwajo subdistrict and the west by the Kadatua subdistrict.
The area of the city is about 221–km2, with the sea area around 30–km2The topographical condition of Bau-Bau mainly consists of mountain and hills.
Long coasts and long hills stretch above the surrounding terrain with the variation of altitude between 0–100 meters above mean sea level.
Bau-bau has land slope between 8–30%.
As for other Indonesian cities, Bau-Bau observes tropical weather.
The day and night temperature varies around 29 to 33 Celsius during day time and 20 to 29 Celsius during night time.
The ecosystems consist of rain forests, spiny forests and desert. 
Bau (Amale) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. 
Bau is a gold mining town in the Kuching Division of Sarawak, Malaysia.
Smuggling with Kalimantan is also important to the local economy.
Question: How many auditions were held to cast Cyril?
About the article "The Kid with a Bike", section "Production".

Candidate passages:
Auditions were held nationwide. 
Auditions were held at Los Angeles and New York City in the Dance Dome. 
The ninth season of Nouvelle Star began on December 11, 2012 and finished on February 26, 2013.
Virginie Guilhaume was replaced by Cyril Hanouna.
André Manoukian remained as the only original jury member after nine years.
Sinclair, Maurane and Olivier Bas joined Manoukian as judges for the season.
Auditions were held in Marseilles, Lyon and Paris.
After the auditions were over the top 100 were cut down in the Trianon Theater to ten without resorting to semi-finals. 
Auditions were initially held in 9 major cities. 
Auditions were held in the following cities:
Question: How are toppings chosen?
About the article "Udon", section "Dishes".

Candidate passages:
Myriad toppings are used on pizzas, including, but not limited to: 
Like many Japanese noodles, udon noodles are served chilled in the summer and hot in the winter.
Toppings are chosen to reflect the seasons.
Most toppings are added without much cooking, although some are deep-fried.
Many of these dishes may also be prepared with soba.
Like many Japanese noodles, soba noodles are often served drained and chilled in the summer, and hot in the winter with a soy-based dashi broth.
Extra toppings can be added to both hot and cold soba.
Toppings are chosen to reflect the seasons and to balance with other ingredients.
Most toppings are added without much cooking, although some are deep-fried.
Most of these dishes may also be prepared with udon. 
All Golden Spoon stores are providing a wide variety of toppings which may vary by location and season.