Question: What does the conching process produce?
About the article "Chocolate", section "Conching".

Candidate passages:
The penultimate process is called "conching".
A conche is a container filled with metal beads, which act as grinders.
The refined and blended chocolate mass is kept in a liquid state by frictional heat.
Chocolate prior to conching has an uneven and gritty texture.
The conching process produces cocoa and sugar particles smaller than the tongue can detect, hence the smooth feel in the mouth.
The length of the conching process determines the final smoothness and quality of the chocolate.
High-quality chocolate is conched for about 72 hours, lesser grades about four to six hours.
After the process is complete, the chocolate mass is stored in tanks heated to approximately until final processing.
A conche is a surface scraping mixer and agitator that evenly distributes cocoa butter within chocolate, and may act as a 'polisher' of the particles.
It also promotes flavor development through frictional heat and release of volatiles and acids, and oxidation.
There are numerous designs of conches, and food scientists are still studying precisely what happens during conching and why.
The name arises from the shape of the vessels initially used, which resembled conch shells.
When ingredients are mixed in this way, sometimes for up to 78 hours, chocolate can be produced with a mild, rich taste.
Lower quality chocolate is conched for as little as six hours.
Since the process is so important to the final texture and flavor of chocolate, manufacturers keep the details of their conching process proprietary.
In 1879, Rodolphe Lindt invented the "conche" in Berne, Switzerland.
It produced chocolate with superior aroma and melting characteristics compared to other processes used at that time.
Legend has it that Lindt mistakenly left a mixer containing chocolate running overnight.
Though he was initially distraught at the waste of energy and machine wear and tear, he quickly realized he had made a major breakthrough.
Before conching was invented, solid chocolate was gritty and not very popular.
Lindt's invention rapidly changed chocolate from being mainly a drink, to bars and other confections.
Lindt's original conche consisted of a granite roller and granite trough; such a configuration is now called a "long conche" and can take a day or more to process a tonne of chocolate.
The ends of the trough were shaped to allow the chocolate to be thrown back over the roller at the end of each stroke, increasing the surface area exposed to air.
A modern rotary conche can process 3 to 10 tonnes of chocolate in less than 12 hours.
Modern conches have cooled jacketed vessels containing long mixer shafts with radial arms, that press the chocolate against vessel sides.
A single machine can carry out all the steps of grinding, mixing and conching required for small batches of chocolate. 
Mindo Chocolate Makers use Ecuadorian Nacional variety cacao beans for the production of their chocolate.
The beans are grown by a small cooperative of cacao farmers near Mindo, Ecuador.
All of the plants are grown in small lots, hand harvested, and fermented.
The beans are dried, roasted, and winnowed in Ecuador then sent to the chocolate making studio in Dexter, Michigan.
The chocolate is hand-crafted in small batches throughout the conching, tempering, and moulding process. 
The conching process redistributes into the fat phase the substances from the dry cocoa that create flavor.
Air flowing through the conche removes some unwanted acetic, propionic, and butyric acids from the chocolate and reduces moisture.
A small amount of moisture greatly increases viscosity of the finished chocolate, so machinery is cleaned with cocoa butter instead of water.
Some of the substances produced in roasting of cocoa beans are oxidized in the conche, mellowing the flavor of the product.
The temperature of the conche is controlled and varies for different types of chocolate.
Generally higher temperature leads to a shorter required processing time.
Temperature varies from around 49 °C for milk chocolate to up to 82 °C for dark chocolate.
The elevated temperature leads to a partially caramelized flavor, and in milk chocolate promotes the Maillard reaction.
The chocolate passes through three phases during conching.
In the dry phase, the material is in powdery form, and the mixing coats the particles with fat.
Air movement through the conche removes some moisture and volatile substances, which may give an acidic note to the flavor.
Moisture balance affects the flavor and texture of the finished product because, after the particles are coated with fat, moisture and volatile chemicals are less likely to escape.
In the pasty phase, more of the particles are coated with the fats from the cocoa.
The power required to turn the conche shafts increases at this step.
The final liquid phase allows minor adjustment to the viscosity of the finished product, which may be adjusted depending on the intended use of the chocolate.
Fats and emulsifiers are added to adjust the viscosity, and thoroughly mixed.
While most conches are batch process machines, continuous flow conches separate the stages with weirs, over which the product travels through separate parts of the machine.
A continuous conche can reduce the conching time for milk chocolate to as little as four hours. 
In 1828 Casparus van Houten Sr. (and not his son, who is usually credited) patented an inexpensive method for pressing the fat from roasted cocoa beans.
The center of the bean, known as the "nib," contains an average of 54 percent cocoa butter, which is a natural fat.
Van Houten's machine - a hydraulic press - reduced the cocoa butter content by nearly half.
This created a "cake" that could be pulverized into cocoa powder, which was to become the basis of all chocolate products.
The introduction of cocoa powder not only made creating chocolate drinks much easier, but also made it possible to combine chocolate with sugar and then remix it with cocoa butter to create a solid, already closely resembling today's eating chocolate.
In 1838 the patent expired, enabling others to produce cocoa powder and build on Van Houten's success, experimenting to make new chocolate products.
In 1847 English chocolate maker J. S. Fry & Sons produced arguably the first chocolate bar.
Later developments were in Switzerland, where Daniel Peter introduced milk chocolate in 1875 and Rodolphe Lindt made chocolate more blendable by the process of conching in 1879.