community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Who was Nixon's longtime personal secretary?
About the article "Watergate scandal", section "Release of the tapes".

Candidate passages:
Baruch Korff (July 4, 1914 – July 26, 1995) was a longtime Jewish community activist.
He was politically close to Richard Nixon, and was known as "Nixon's rabbi."
Rose Mary Woods (December 26, 1917 – January 22, 2005) was Richard Nixon's secretary from his days in Congress in 1951, through the end of his political career.
Before H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman became the operators of Nixon's presidential campaign, Woods was Nixon's gatekeeper. 
Alcaraz's father, Felipe, was a politician and a writer, being a longtime secretary-general of the Communist Party of Andalusia. 
Woods was President Nixon's personal secretary, the same position she held from the time he hired her until the end of his lengthy political career.
Fiercely loyal to Nixon, Woods claimed responsibility in a 1974 grand jury testimony for inadvertently erasing up to five minutes of the 18 minute gap in a June 20, 1972, audio tape.
Her demonstration of how this might have occurred – which depended upon her stretching to simultaneously press controls several feet apart (what the press dubbed the "Rose Mary Stretch") – was met with skepticism from those who believed the erasures, from whatever source, to be deliberate.
The contents of the gap remain a mystery. 
At the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida, Reagan and Rockefeller planned to unite their forces in a stop-Nixon movement, but the strategy fell apart when neither man agreed to support the other for the nomination.
Nixon won the nomination on the first ballot.
Nixon then chose Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew to be his Vice-Presidential candidate, despite complaints from within the GOP that Agnew was an unknown quantity, and that a better-known and more popular candidate, such as Romney, should have been the Vice-Presidential nominee.
It was also reported that Nixon's first choice for running mate was his longtime friend and ally, Robert Finch, who was Lt.
Governor of California since 1967 and later his HEW Secretary, but Finch declined the offer.
Question: What does the  region under the coat adjacent to the scratch behave as?
About the article "Electrochemistry", section "Coating".

Candidate passages:
Metals can be coated with paint or other less conductive metals ("passivation").
This prevents the metal surface from being exposed to electrolytes.
Scratches exposing the metal substrate will result in corrosion.
The region under the coating adjacent to the scratch acts as the anode of the reaction.
See Anodizing
The muscular coat (muscular layer, muscular fibers, muscularis propria, muscularis externa) is a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane.
It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis. 
  "Scratch" (Kaela Kimura album), by Kaela Kimura  "Scratch" (soundtrack), the soundtrack to the 2001 documentary "Scratch"  "Peter Gabriel" (1978 album), a self-titled album also referred to as "Scratch"  "Scratch", 1974 live album by The Crusaders  
Scratch track may refer to:  Scratch track race or Scratch race, a track cycling discipline in which all riders start together  Scratch track, a sound recording used as a temporary placeholder during the recording and editing process  Scratch Track, an American band  
The Komondor's coat is long, thick, and strikingly corded white coat, about 20 – 27 cm long (the heaviest amount of fur in the canine world), which resembles dreadlocks or a mop.
The puppy coat is soft and fluffy.
However, the coat is wavy and tends to curl as the puppy matures.
A fully mature coat is formed naturally from the soft undercoat and the coarser outer coat combining to form tassels, or cords and will take around two years to form.
Some help is needed in separating the cords so the dog does not turn into one large matted mess.
The length of the cords increases with time as the coat grows.
Shedding is minimal with this breed, contrary to what one might think (once cords are fully formed).
The only substantial shedding occurs as a puppy before the dreadlocks fully form.
The Komondor is born with only a white coat, unlike the similar-looking Puli, which can be white, black, or sometimes grayish.
However, a working Komondor's coat may be discolored by the elements, and may appear off-white if not washed regularly.
Traditionally the coat protected the Komondor from wolves' bites, as the bites were not able to penetrate the thick coat.
The coat of the Komondor takes about two and a half days to dry after a bath.
Question: How many bikes are there throughout the world?
About the article "Cycling", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Fire bikes are used around the world. 
As with upright bikes, there is a subculture of recumbent builders who design and build home-built recumbents.
Often these are assembled of parts from other bikes, particularly mountain bikes.
The frame designs may be as simple as a long steel tube bent into the appropriate shape, or as elaborate as hand-built carbon fiber frames.
For many builders, the engineering and construction of the bikes is as much of a challenge as riding them. 
Gas Gas bikes are currently imported into many countries in Europe and around the world, including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South America, South Africa and the United States. 
Exercise machines resembling modern stationary bicycles have existed since the end of the eighteenth century; the Gymnasticon was a prominent early example.
In recent years, many new stationary bikes have appeared, including those in recumbent positions, upright bikes and indoor cycling bikes which are bikes built for riding in indoor cycling classes. 
Magna offers bicycles in many different colors and sizes from child to adult.
The bikes are sold as affordable alternatives to higher end bikes.
Question: Why is carving a snowboard like riding a roller coaster?
About the article "Snowboarding", section "Alpine Snowboarding".

Candidate passages:
Sometimes called freecarving, this takes place on hard packed snow or groomed runs and focuses on carving linked turns, much like surfing or longboarding.
Little or no jumping takes place in this discipline.
Alpine Snowboarding consists of a small portion of the general snowboard population, that has a well connected social community and its own specific board manufacturers.
Alpine Snowboard equipment is a ski-like hardshell boot and plate binding system with a true directional snowboard that is stiffer and narrower to manage linking turns with greater forces and speed.
Shaped skis can thank these "freecarve" snowboards for the cutting-edge technology leading to their creation.
Highlights of alpine snowboarding includes a unique sensation felt through each carved turn.
A skilled alpine snowboarder can link numerous turns into a run placing their body very close to the ground each turn, similar to a motogp turn or waterski carve.
Depending on factors including stiffness, turning radius and personality this can be done slowly or fast.
Carvers make perfect half-circles out of each turn, changing edges when the snowboard is perpendicular to the fall line and starting every turn on the downhill edge.
Carving on a snowboard is like riding a roller coaster, because the board will lock into a turn radius and provide what feels like multiple Gs of acceleration.
A spinning roller coaster is a roller coaster with cars that rotate on a vertical axis. 
Tulireki is a roller coaster located at Linnanmäki in Helsinki, Finland.
It is Kalevala featured, just like Salama. 
Phaethon is a steel inverted roller coaster at Gyeongju World in South Korea, which is opened in 2007.
It is South Korea's first inverted roller coaster 
Wipeout is a roller coaster located at Pleasurewood Hills theme park in Lowestoft, England.
Vekoma designed the roller coaster.
Wipeout uses a boomerang design.
Question: What are the two streams in the Mount Rushmore Memorial?
About the article "Mount Rushmore", section "Ecology".

Candidate passages:
The construction of Mount Rushmore National Memorial took about 14 years, from 1927 to 1941. 
 Mount Rushmore Needles  
The Rushmore Memorial Library, also known as the Rushmore Memorial Building, is located at the junction of NY 32 and Weygant Hill Road in Highland Mills, New York, United States.
It is a small Arts and Crafts-style stone building constructed in the 1920s with a donation from Charles E. Rushmore, a local resident for whom Mount Rushmore is also named.
It served as the Town of Woodbury public library until the mid-1980s, when a larger modern library was built.
Today it is the headquarters of the town historical society.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008, after two previous efforts in the 1980s failed. 
Horse Thief Lake is a lake in Pennington County, South Dakota.
It is approximately two miles northwest of Mount Rushmore, the closest lake to the monument.
It appears to be the lake seen north of Mount Rushmore in the 2007 Disney movie "" when the entrance to the secret golden city of Cibola is found.
However, the lake that is actually in the film is nearby Sylvan Lake, which is just five miles southwest of Mount Rushmore. 
Mount Rushmore is inside a USDA Plant Hardiness Zone of 5a, meaning certain plant life in the area can withstand a low temperature of no less than .
The two wettest months of the year are May and June.
Orographic lift causes brief but strong afternoon thunderstorms during the summer.
Question: What's the point of rebounding?
About the article "Basketball", section "Rebounding".

Candidate passages:
The Women's National Basketball Association's (WNBA) rebounding leader is the player with the highest rebounds per game average in a given season.  
Top rebounding seasons since 1973Top rebounding seasons since 1979 
Hannon played basketball at West Point during his sophomore, junior, and senior years.
In his sophomore year of 1951-52, he set an Army record with 277 points, beating Dale Hall's mark of 273.
Hannon also led the nation in rebounding with 20.9 per game.
In his senior year, Hannon scored 44 points in a game against New Mexico, which set a school record.
He also pulled down 27 rebounds against Pittsburgh on February 22, 1954; this is still a school record.
Overall, Hannon led Army in scoring and rebounding each of his three years.
He finished his college career with 1,155 points and 1,101 rebounds, and both totals were school records at that time.
His 19.0 career rebounding average in 58 games is still the highest in Army history. 
For his third NBA season, Lopez for the third consecutive year played in all 82 regular season games.
Lopez struggled rebounding the ball during the season and was criticized by head coach Avery Johnson because of his rebounding.
During the season the Nets traded for all-star point guard Deron Williams.
The move helped Lopez out significantly, as he saw his scoring average increase.
During the season Lopez averaged 20.4 points, 6.0 rebounds, 1.6 assists, and 1.5 blocks.
The Nets finished at 24-58, once again missing the playoffs.  
This list exhibits the National Basketball Association's top single-season rebounding averages based on at least 70 games played "or" 800 rebounds.
The NBA did not record rebounds until the 1950-51 season.
Question: Who is the youngest son of Noah?
About the article "Sistine Chapel ceiling", section "Story of Noah".

Candidate passages:
  Gideon attempts to slay King Noah.
The Lamanites attack.
King Noah, his priests and other men flee.
Those who remain are forced to pay tribute to the Lamanites.
Those who fled the Lamanites desire to return.
King Noah objects and is killed by fire.
All but the priests of Noah return.
Limhi, son of Noah, becomes tributary monarch.  
Tracy Ashton is the mother of a son named Noah. 
Taran Noah Smith (born April 8, 1984) is a former American actor.
He is best known for his role as Marcus "Mark" Jason Taylor, the youngest son on the sitcom "Home Improvement". 
 In antiquity  King Noah, a wicked Nephite king from the Book of Mormon who burned the prophet Abinadi at the stake.
Philo of Alexandria, a 1st-century BC Jewish philosopher, said that Ham and Canaan were equally guilty, if not of whatever had been done to Noah, then of other crimes, "for the two of them together had acted foolishly and wrongly and committed other sins."
Rabbi Eleazar decided that Canaan had in fact been the first to see Noah, and had then gone and told his father, who then told his brothers in the street; this, said Eleazar, "did not take to mind the commandment to honour one's father."
Another interpretation was that Noah's "youngest son" could not be Ham, who was the middle son: "for this reason they say that this youngest son was in fact Canaan."
"Cursed (ארור) is Canaan: Noah said to Ham": "You caused me that I should not father a fourth son, another one to serve me.
May your fourth son was Ham's fourth son, see be cursed by serving the offspring of these greater ones Shem and Japheth... What did Ham see that he emasculated him?
He said to his brothers Adam the first man had only two sons (Cain and Abel) yet one killed the other because of the inheritance of the world killed Abel over a dispute how to divide the world between them according to Genesis Rabbah 22:7 and our father has three sons yet he seeks still a fourth son."
Blessed is יהוה the God of Shem": "Who is destined to keep His promise to [Shem's] offspring to give them the Land of Canaan" "and he shall be": "Canaan shall be to them as a servant to pay tribute."
"and Canaan shall be a slave to them.
": "Even after the children of Shem will be exiled slaves will be sold to them from the Children of Canaan."
explaining why the curse is repeated.
Question: Which Indonesian scholar first used Indonesia as a name?
About the article "Indonesia", section "Etymology".

Candidate passages:
The name "Indonesia" derives from the Greek words "Indós" and "nèsos", which means "island".
The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia.
In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms "Indunesians" — and, his preference, "Malayunesians" — for the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago".
In the same publication, a student of Earl's, James Richardson Logan, used "Indonesia" as a synonym for "Indian Archipelago".
However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use "Indonesia".
Instead, they used the terms "Malay Archipelago" ("Maleische Archipel"); the "Netherlands East Indies" ("Nederlandsch Oost Indië"), popularly "Indië"; "the East" ("de Oost"); and "Insulinde".
After 1900, the name "Indonesia" became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression.
Adolf Bastian, of the University of Berlin, popularized the name through his book "Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894".
The first Indonesian scholar to use the name was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a press bureau in the Netherlands with the name "Indonesisch Pers-bureau" in 1913.
FOSI, Forum Sedimentologiwan Indonesia / Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum sedimentological is a sedimentological section of the Indonesian Geologists Association (Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia / IAGI), which was formed in 1995.
The first bulletin was issued in 1996, called Berita Sedimentologi (later became the "Indonesian Journal of Sedimentary Geology" but the original name is still kept in the cover).
The bulletin was started as hard copies (paper prints) and in 2010 it has been changed to soft copies and downloadable from FOSI website.
FOSI issued the bulletin three times a year.
The logo of FOSI has been introduced in 1999 during the 1st regional conference in Bandung, Indonesia.
It has been used as a standard logo of the organization. 
The 2012–13 NBL Indonesia is the first season of NBL Indonesia, a nationwide basketball competition which previously known as Indonesian Basketball League (IBL). 
The 2010-11 NBL Indonesia is the first season of NBL Indonesia, a nationwide basketball competition which previously known as Indonesian Basketball League (IBL). 
The 2012-13 NBL Indonesia is the first season of NBL Indonesia, a nationwide basketball competition which previously known as Indonesian Basketball League (IBL).
Question: How old is the Mona Lisa?
About the article "Mona Lisa", section "Conservation".

Candidate passages:
The Mona Lisa is a world-famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci.
Mona Lisa may also refer to: 
Mona Lisa Overdrive is the 13th album by Buck-Tick, released on February 13, 2003.
The album is named after the 1989 novel "Mona Lisa Overdrive" by William Gibson.
It reached number seven on the Oricon chart. 
Der Raub der Mona Lisa (English title: The Theft of Mona Lisa) is a 1931 German film directed by Géza von Bolváry.
It is based on a true story. 
  August 22 – The theft of the "Mona Lisa" is discovered in the Louvre.  
At the start of the 16th century, Leonardo da Vinci was commissioned by Florentine nobleman Francesco del Giocondo to paint a portrait of his wife, Lisa.
The painting is believed to have been undertaken between 1503 and 1506.
Leonardo's portrait of "Mona Lisa" ("Mona" being the Italian honorific for "Madame") has been on display as part of the permanent collection at Paris' Louvre museum since 1797.
It is also known as "La Joconde" in French and "La Gioconda" in Italian, and has been known by other names in the past.
Replicas of "Mona Lisa" date back to the 16th century,including sculptures and etchings inspired by the painting.
But even by the start of the 20th century, historian Donald Sassoon has stated, "Mona Lisa" was still "just a well-respected painting by a famous old master, hanging in one of the great museums of the world.
"The image had yet to gain iconic status, and, Sassoon adds, was "not even the most valued painting in the Louvre.
"The painting's theft on August 11, 1911, and the subsequent media frenzy surrounding the investigation and its recovery are contributing factors which ignited public interest and catapulted "Mona Lisa" to its current standing.
"Mona Lisa" is considered public domain and free to be exploited, explaining its reproduction on everything from postcards to coffee mugs, with no legal repercussions.
Artistic replicas and reinterpretations as a whole – demonstrating adequate modification – are considered "new" works eligible for copyright protection.
A fine example is artist Marcel Duchamp's "L.H.O.O.Q.
", a work of art in which Duchamp embellished existing print-reproductions of Leonardo's "Mona Lisa" by merely adding a goatee ("shown below").
While copyright laws do not protect Leonardo's "Mona Lisa", Duchamp's "L.H.O.O.Q."
falls within parameters of copyright law constituting "new" works.
For such reasons, "Mona Lisa" is commonly referenced academically in copyright courses.
Question: What serves as a symbol of the sun in Near Eastern civilizations?
About the article "Great Sphinx of Giza", section "Mythology".

Candidate passages:
Peter Fitzgerald Dorman (born 1948) is an epigraphist, philologist, egyptologist, and cultural anthropologist.
He currently serves as the 15th President of the American University of Beirut (AUB).
He spent most of his career as a professor and chair in the department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC) of the University of Chicago, and was director of Chicago House and the Epigraphic Survey project of the Oriental Institute. 
The following table lists the 23 civilizations identified by Toynbee in the book.
This table does not include what Toynbee terms primitive societies, arrested civilizations, or abortive civilizations.
Civilizations are shown in boldface.
Toynbee's "Universal Churches" are written in "italic" and are chronologically located between second- and third- generation civilizations, as is described in volume VII. 
 Ph.D. Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University, 1975,  M.A.
Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University, 1974,  B.
A "summa cum laude" in English, Harvard College, 1971.  
Colin Reader has proposed that the Sphinx was probably the focus of solar worship in the Early Dynastic Period, before the Giza Plateau became a necropolis in the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2134 BC).
He ties this in with his conclusions that the Sphinx, the Sphinx temple, the Causeway and the Khafra mortuary temple are all part of a complex which predates Dynasty IV (c. 2613–2494 BC).
The lion has long been a symbol associated with the sun in ancient Near Eastern civilizations.
Images depicting the Egyptian king in the form of a lion smiting his enemies date as far back as the Early Dynastic Period.
In the New Kingdom, the Sphinx became more specifically associated with the god "Hor-em-akhet" (Hellenized: "Harmachis") or Horus at the Horizon, which represented the pharaoh in his role as the "Shesep-ankh" (English: "Living Image") of the god Atum.
Pharaoh Amenhotep II (1427–1401 or 1397 BC) built a temple to the north east of the Sphinx nearly 1000 years after its construction, and dedicated it to the cult of "Hor-em-akhet".
The winged sun is a symbol associated with divinity, royalty and power in the Ancient Near East (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Persia).
The symbol has also been found in the records of ancient cultures residing in various regions of South America as well as Australia.
Question: The shadow in the foreground references what mountain?
About the article "The Persistence of Memory", section "Landscape".

Candidate passages:
View from a trail to Point-de-Cray from Château-d'Œx (visible in the foreground).
The main mountain peaks are Le Rubli, Gummfluh, and Rocher-du-Midi. 
Toland's techniques have proved to be a revolution for the art of cinematography.
Before him, shallow depth of field was used to separate the various planes on the screen, creating an impression of space, as well as stressing what mattered in the frame by leaving the rest (the foreground or background) out of focus.
With Toland's lighting schemes, shadow was a much more interesting tool, dramatically as well as pictorially, to separate foreground from background and thus to create space within a two-dimensional frame while everything was in focus.
This technique was also, according to Toland, more comparable to what the eyes see in real life, since our vision does not blur what we look at, but what we do not look at. 
The craggy rocks to the right represent a tip of Cap de Creus peninsula in north-eastern Catalonia.
Many of Dalí's paintings were inspired by the landscapes of his life in Catalonia.
The strange and foreboding shadow in the foreground of this painting is a reference to Mount Pani.
Angel Sar or Angel Peak is a mountain in Karakoram range of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, near K2, the second highest mountain on Earth.
Angel Sar is in the foreground, it is on the SSW ridge of K2, the white pyramid in the background is most likely Chongtar Kangri with 7330 m. 
The town was said to be “in the shadow of” Dakan Mountain, which is .