community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: how long has fencing been around?
About the article "Fencing", section "Universities and schools".

Candidate passages:
The University of Southern California Fencing Club has a long and colorful history.
Founded in 1926, the Club has been home to a number of world class fencers and has won multiple championships.
The USC Fencing Club is one of many U.S. collegiate level fencing programs. 
Asian Fencing Championships is the fencing Asian Championship organized by the Asian Fencing Confederation.
The tournament began in 1989 and it has been held annually since 2007. 
In 1902, the Amateur Fencing Association (AFA) was founded as the governing body for amateur fencing in the UK.
(The governing body for professional fencing, the British Academy of Fencing, was not founded in its current form until 1949).
However, the requirements for amateurism have now been dissolved, and professionalism is permitted in the UK, so in 1996 the name was changed to the British Fencing Association.
The AFA's had combined twin roles as both Home Country Governing Body for England and National Governing Body.
Not long after the British Fencing Association was formed, a new, separate body - England Fencing - was formed specifically to carry out the role of Home Country Governing Body for England.
Over time, the clear boundary between the two roles has eroded.
Despite the BFA's change of name, and acceptance of professional fencers as members, the British Academy of Fencing still carries out its pre-1996 role of providing training systems, training, and other facilities to and for fencing coaches. 
Fencing is the activity of fighting with swords.
The most common version of fencing today, also called olympic fencing or competitive fencing, is divided into three weapon categories: foil, sabre and épée.
Classical fencing uses the same three weapons, but approaches fencing as a martial art.
Competitive fencing is one of five sports which has been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games, the other four being Athletics, Cycling, Swimming, and Gymnastics. 
Over the coming years clubs were set up in:  Blackrock College, Dublin University (1936, revived in 1940)  Dublin University Fencing Club (1941)  The Royal College of Surgeons, Kilkenny (1942)  Limerick Fencing Club (1944)  Shannon Fencing Club (1947)  Cork County (1952), Clonmel (1954)  UCD Fencing Club (1955).
Through the years the list of clubs has continued to grow.
Fencing clubs have been established in most major universities in Ireland and several private clubs have also been added to the list, particularly around the Dublin area.
Question: What year saw the largest of the seven bells in the leaning tower installed?
About the article "Leaning Tower of Pisa", section "Construction".

Candidate passages:
There are eight bells in the tower.
The largest is 15.5 cwt. 
The peal of bells originally hung in the south of the two towers in the "Glockenstube" (bell parlour) 60 metres high.
The powerful drafts of wind on the 1942 Palm Sunday air raid (in order to feed the fires oxygen) were strong enough to ring the bells before they fell down.
The remaining two bells, the oldest one of 1508 and the Pulsglocke of 1668 donated by Christian von der Linde (weighing 7134 kg) were left as a stark memorial.
In the south tower the Carillon was installed after the war.
The current bell peal of seven voices hangs in the north tower.
It ranks among the largest and deepest pitched of its kind in northern Germany.
The three old bells (c´, d´, f´) originate from churches in Danzig: they came as loaned bells from the Hamburger Glockenfriedhof (Hamburg Bell Cemetery) and were immediately installed as emergency bells after the Second World War.
After the new Pulsglocke bell was donated in 1951 by Chancellor Adenauer for the 700 year anniversary of the St. Mary's church, the peal of bells was further completed with the 1985 casting of 3 more.
They have inscriptions on them which refer to peace and reconciliation.
In 2005, the entire bell parlour was reorganized.
The steel bell chair from the reconstruction was replaced with a wooden one and the bells were hung straight onto wooden yokes, thus the peal of the bells rings out with more brilliance. 
  The Krzywa Wieża (Leaning Tower) in Toruń  The Krzywa Wieża (Leaning Tower) in Ząbkowice Śląskie  The Baszta Sowia (Owl's Tower) in Pyrzyce  
The University Chime was installed in the Altgeld Hall tower in 1920.
The University Chime consists of fifteen bells, weighing a total of seven and a half tons, cast by McShane Bell Foundry in Maryland.
The University Chime was a gift from the graduating classes of 1914 and 1921 and the United States School of Military Aeronautics.
The three largest bells are dedicated to Dr. Edmund Janes James, a past university president, the men trained in the United States School of Military Aeronautics, and the classes of 1914-1921.
The Seth Thomas clock mechanism was installed in 1922 that allows the chime to play the Westminster chime to mark the hours and the quarters. 
The church includes the Tower of the Apostles.
The tower, which houses the world's largest carillon in the number of bells contained, was installed in 1960.
The Bells were donated by the Roy A. Fruehauf family and the five largest bells are named after the members of the Fruehauf Family: Roy, Ruth, Royce, Randall, and Ruth Ann.
Previously Mr. Fruehauf had donated the Organ to the Church after the fire.
Mr. Fruehauf was instrumental in the building of the Abbey and made a generous donation just before his death in 1965.
The 77-bells range from a 6'10" 6-short ton bourdon to the smallest at 6" 14-pounds.
Question: Who owns the rights to release DVDs of the TV show Rules of Engagement in Region 1?
About the article "Rules of Engagement (TV series)", section "DVD releases".

Candidate passages:
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment owns the rights to release DVDs in Region 1.
The fifth season of the series was made available beginning February 7, 2012, exclusively as a made-on-demand release from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, in conjunction with amazon.com.
Similarly, the sixth season received a MOD release from online retailers, on October 2, 2012.
Paramount Pictures, in conjunction with CBS Home Entertainment, will start releasing the series on DVD internationally in 2011.
Season One was released in the UK (Region 2 DVD) on April 4, 2011.
Note: Following the events of Charlie Sheen’s departure from "Two and a Half Men", CBS ordered an additional two episodes for "Rules of Engagement"’s fifth season, bringing the total number of episodes to 26 from the initial 24 ordered.
Despite the episodes, "Scavenger Hunt" and "Cheating," airing during the sixth season, they were originally produced for the fifth season, and are included in the fifth season collection.
Therefore, the sixth season’s DVD release features the 13 episodes produced over that time period, versus the 15 that were broadcast by CBS.
This is a list of Dirty Jobs DVDs and media that has been released in region 1 and 4 from the TV show Dirty Jobs. 
In the Region 2 and 4 releases, episodes with commentaries include two English subtitles: the show itself, and the commentary.
The Region 1 releases do not offer subtitles for the commentaries.
The Region 1 DVDs also offer a smaller choice of non-English languages subtitles than the Region 2 and 4 DVDs. 
In the Region 2 and 4 releases, episodes with commentaries include two English subtitles: the show itself, and the commentary.
The Region 1 releases do not offer subtitles for the commentaries.
The Region 1 DVDs also offer a smaller choice of non-English languages subtitles than the Region 2 and 4 DVDs. 
Beginning in season four, the Region 2 and 4 DVDs include the version of the television show.
The Region 1 DVDs include the version, which is identical to the broadcast version.
The reason for this difference is that the Region 2 and 4 DVDs were released before the Region 1 DVDs, with less involvement from Mutant Enemy Productions.
When the Region 1 DVDs were released, Joss Whedon decided that they should not have the widescreen version, because the show was directed and filmed for a 4:3 ratio.
The extra material in the widescreen versions is never important for the plot, although it gives additional views of the sets and backgrounds.
In 2011 Netflix began streaming Seasons 4-7 in the 16:9 ratio.
However, in Nordic Region 2 countries Netflix streams those seasons in 4:3 ratio, despite the local DVDs being in widescreen.
Question: What are some side effects?
About the article "Chemotherapy", section "Gastrointestinal distress".

Candidate passages:
Adverse effects if any are generally mild.
The rate of side effects depends on the vaccine in question.
Some potential side effects include: fever, pain around the injection site, and muscle aches. 
Side effects.
Side effects for peptide hormones and analogues are acromegaly (overgrowth of hands, feet, and some facial features), enlarged organs, and cardiovascular problems. 
Due to its vasodilation properties, the common side effects of salmeterol are dizziness, sinus infection, and migraine headaches.
In most cases, salmeterol side effects are minor and either don't require treatment or can easily be treated.
Certain side effects, however, should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.
Some of these more serious side effects include a very fast heart rate, high blood pressure, and worsening breathing problems. 
Outpatient commitment opponents make several varied arguments.
Some dispute the positive effects of compulsory treatment, questioning the methodology of studies that show effectiveness.
Others highlight negative effects of treatment.
Still others point to disparities in the way these laws are applied.
The psychiatric survivors movement opposes compulsory treatment on the basis that the ordered drugs often have serious or unpleasant side-effects such as tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, excessive weight gain leading to diabetes, addiction, sexual side effects, and increased risk of suicide.
The New York Civil Liberties Union has denounced what they see as racial and socioeconomic biases in the issuing of outpatient commitment orders. 
There are no known significant side effects/adverse reactions for Trimidox.
Question: Who founded the first major empire in the Turkish area?
About the article "Turkey", section "Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace".

Candidate passages:
The Ottoman Socialist Party (, OSF) was the first Turkish socialist political party founded in the Ottoman Empire in 1910. 
  Newly founded Uighur Empire control most of the former Turkish Empire territory.  
Jordan was part of the Turkish Empire until 1918 and a number of Turkish post offices existed in the area. 
Turkish may refer specifically to:  Something of, from, or related to Turkey, a country in Eurasia (or specific earlier stages of its Turkish history): * Great Seljuq Empire ** Seljuk Turks * Ottoman Empire ** Ottoman Turks  People from Turkey or of Turkish ancestry * Turkish people, people of Turkish descent with or without Turkish citizenship * Turkish minorities, people of Turkish descent who have been living outside of Turkey prior to its independence *Turkish citizens, citizens of Turkey regardless of ethnicity (see demographics of Turkey)  Turkish language (modern) * Old Anatolian Turkish language (historical) * Ottoman Turkish language (historical) * Cypriot Turkish (modern)  Culture of Turkey  Obsoletely, in a historical context, the Turkic peoples, which includes Turkish people  
Selçuk is a common masculine Turkish given name.
In Turkish, "Selçuk" means "eloquent", "silver-tongued", and/or "golden-mouthed".
"Selçuk" was the name of the eponymous medieval leader (Selçuk Bey) of the Seljuq Turks, who founded Seljuk dynasty.
Selçuk Bey's grandsons founded the Seljuq Empire.
The name "Selçuk" has been a common Turkish name since then.
Question: On what date did Minaj perform on the 'Ellen DeGeneres Show'?
About the article "Starships (song)", section "Live performances".

Candidate passages:
This is a list of notable guests on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show". 
In November 2011, Isom appeared on the reality television series The Real Winning Edge.
Isom appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show (original air date April 3, 2012). 
On February 26, 2012, Minaj performed the single live for the first time along with "Moment 4 Life", "Turn Me On" and "Super Bass" at the 2012 NBA All-Star Game.
Minaj also performed the single on the eleventh season of "American Idol" results show on March 29, 2012, and on "Today" on April 6.
Minaj performed the song in a mash-up with "Right by My Side" at "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" on May 10, 2012.
Minaj also performed the single on her Pink Friday Tour.
The song was also the encore song of Minaj's .
Minaj performed the song live for the first time on the "American Music Awards of 2012" on November 18, 2012.
For the performance, Minaj wore a white fur cape and boots, and was later joined on-stage by a choir.
"Freedom" was also performed on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" on January 15, 2013, where she sang in a slim red dress, surrounded by fog and gina chandeliers.
On January 25, 2013, Minaj performed the song along with "Va Va Voom" and on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!"
on January 25, 2013. 
Michael performed the song "Fallin'" by Alicia Keys on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" to promote the album on March 24, 2011.
He also announced the album's release date during the show.
Question: What is association football commonly known as?
About the article "Association football", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
The Welsh Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the Welsh Cup, is a knockout cup competition in Welsh football, organised by the Football Association of Wales (the FAW). 
Robert Michael Howfield (born 3 December 1936), commonly known as Bobby Howfield, is an English former professional sportsman who played both association football and American football. 
Association Sportive Vita Club, more commonly known as AS Vita Club, AS V. Club or simply Vita Club, is a Congolese football club based in Kinshasa. 
Association Sportive Tadjourah, more commonly known as AS Tadjourah or simply Tadjourah, is an Djiboutian football club located in Tadjourah, Djibouti.
It currently plays in Djibouti Premier League.
The team is the most popular football team in Tadjourah Region. 
Jeffrey Kevin van Homoet Bruma (born 13 November 1991), commonly known as Jeffrey Bruma (), is a Dutch association football player who plays for PSV as a centre back.
Question: Who runs the restraunt?
About the article "Eiffel Tower", section "Restaurants".

Candidate passages:
  "Who Runs The Show"  
The winning team is the one who scores most runs. 
Crocker is won by the team who, at the end of the match, has more runs.
The runs are counted by the umpire. 
Given to the player who leads the league in Home Runs, Runs Batted In, and Batting Average 
Given to the player who leads the league in Home Runs, Runs Batted In, and Batting Average
Question: Where are the revised rules located?
About the article "Football", section "Cambridge rules".

Candidate passages:
The original wobble pairing rules, as proposed by Crick.
Watson-Crick base pairs are shown in bold, wobble base pairs in "italic":Revised pairing rules 
The IPC Shooting Classification Rules and Regulations were published and came into force on May 2012.
The rules reflect the wording of the IPC Classification Code and are a revised version of the previous IPC Classification Rules. 
The IPC Shooting Classification Rules and Regulations were published and came into force on May 2012.
The rules reflect the wording of the IPC Classification Code and are a revised version of the previous IPC Classification Rules. 
The rules of the Family Proceedings Court are in the The Family Proceedings Rules 2010.
Where those rules are silent on a matter then the Magistrates' Courts Rules 1981 (as amended) apply. 
The competition rules has been revised through the years since it began.
The following is based on the most recent rules drafted in 2012.
Question: What is the movie Capitain Phillips?
About the article "Captain Phillips (film)", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Dean Potter has climbed many new routes and completed many solo ascents in Yosemite and Patagonia.
Dean Potter was the first person to (almost) free solo El Capitain in Yosemite.
He pioneered a route he called "Easy Rider" by down climbing the slabby upper pitches of the route Lurking Fear (hardest moves 5.10a) and then traversed across Thanksgiving Ledge to complete the last six pitches and six hundred feet of the route Free Rider (hardest pitch 5.11d, two pitches of 5.10d, 5.10b, 5.10a and 5.7).
This was the first major section of El Capitain to be free soloed, but his path avoided the significantly more challenging climbing on what is the easiest way up El Capitain below (several 5.12 pitches, with difficulty up to 5.12d on Free Rider). 
Degu debuted for Ethiopia in 2003.
With 44 caps he is one of the most capped players in Ethiopian history.
He is also the capitain of the team. 
Heyl is represented by the Friedrich Petzel Gallery in New York City,the Galerie Gisela Capitain in Cologne, and 1301PE in Los Angeles. 
Cristián Ariel Morales is considered to be one of the best Players from Irapuato FC, he won 2 championships with the team and won the promotion to the first division of Mexico.
he is compared to Irapuato's current capitain and Argentinian striker Ariel González. 
On August 30, 2013, Juan was presented in Esporte Clube Vitória.
He chose the side from Bahia because of Caio Júnior, with who worked at CR Flamengo, period that Juan came to Brazilian team.
On October 5, 2013, in the lose of Vitória for 2-3 against São Paulo, Juan scored a goal against his former club and was very scolded by Tricolor fans.
His goal also was very criticized by Rogério Ceni, capitain of rival, who affirmed Juan shooted the penalty kick with his both feet, what is prohibited in football.
Question: What day was the 50th anniversary of the Surrender of Japan?
About the article "Nanking Massacre", section "Apology and condolences by the Prime Minister and Emperor of Japan".

Candidate passages:
2013 was the 50th anniversary of Malaysia's formation. 
A 50th Anniversary Edition Continental Signature Series was offered in 1990 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the model.
It featured "50th Anniversary" badging, geometric spoked aluminum wheels with unique center hub ornaments, titanium exterior paint with unique red/blue accent striping, and two-toned interior. 
One of Isson's paintings (Amami Forest, palm trees and bougainvillea) was selected by Japan Post for a commemorative postage stamp in 1983, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the reversion of the Amami islands to Japanese control. 
 Commemorative awards Commemorative D-Day Medal (60th Anniversary) Commemorative D-Day Medal (50th Anniversary) Commemorative Battle of the Bulge Medal Commemorative French D-Day Medal Combat Service Commemorative Medal Austrian Liberation 50th Anniversary Medal Victory in Europe Commemorative Medal Commemorative World War II Medal  
In 2009, the Patriots Hall of Fame selection committee selected a 50th anniversary team:
Question: Where is Intimachay located?
About the article "Machu Picchu", section "Intimachay and the Royal Feast of the Sun".

Candidate passages:
Intimachay is a special cave designed to celebrate and observe the Royal Feast of the Sun.
This festival was only to be celebrated by nobility in the Incan month of Capac Raymi and was associated with the December solstice.
The festival would begin earlier in the month and would conclude on the solstice.
On this day, boys of nobility would be initiated into manhood by conducting an ear-piercing ritual as they watched the sun rise from within the cave.
Architecturally, Intimachay is the most significant structure located at Machu Picchu.
Its entrances, walls, steps and windows are all comprised with some of the finest masonry found in Incan Empire.
The cave also includes a unique tunnel-like window which cannot be found in any other Incan structure.
This window was strategically constructed to only allow sunlight into the cave for a span of several days around the time of the December solstice.
For this reason, the cave was inaccessible for much of the year.
Intimachay is located on the eastern side of Machu Picchu, just north of the "Condor Stone."
Many of the caves surrounding this area were prehistorically used as tombs, yet there is no evidence to suggest that it too was a burial ground.
Located along the shorelines of Tayabas Bay.
Where fish markets are located.
This is where the Subukin Port is located. 
Sutro, Nevada is a ghost town in Lyon County, Nevada, where is the Sutro Tunnel is located.  
Osøyro is the administrative and commercial centre of Os, where the municipality administration is located. 
The station is located between the districts of Hamm and Unterbilk.
It has an island platform and is located in an elevated position above Kuhstraße, where its entrance is located.
Question: What is missing from the teddy bear?
About the article "Breaking Bad", section "Pink teddy bear".

Candidate passages:
The Dorset Teddy Bear Museum is a teddy bear museum in Dorchester, Dorset, southern England.
The museum includes Teddy Bear House and displays antique and other teddy bears.
Bears on display include Paddington Bear, Rupert Bear, and Winnie the Pooh.
The earliest bear dates from 1906 and there are also life-sized bears. 
The "Teddy Bear" wooden roller coaster is small family sized ride first built in 1996, also by Ralph Stricker.
Like the Tornado, the "Teddy Bear" coaster was built using the blueprints from the 1935 built Teddy Bear at Coney Island in Cincinnati, Ohio.
The coaster has been recognized as an ACE Classic Coaster. 
 Sama: A young boy at age ten who is lonely and has only one friend.
His teddy bear Eddie is from somewhere where teddy bears are made and they can move and talk.
Eddie: He is Sama's teddy bear and Sama's only friend.
Eddie lost his memory when he was sent up to Sama's world, so now he wants to find the Teddy Bear Bell.
In the first volume, he finds it, and it makes Eddie remember everything about his past, including what happened to the other Teddy bears.  
Michi Takahashi (real name: Michiyo Takahashi, Christian name: Saint Mary Chiara, maiden name: Yoshimura, born July 22, 1963) is a teddy bear artist in Japan.
She is well known in the teddy bear industry in the world as the pioneer teddy bear artist in Japan, who enhanced the charm of teddy bear as an art, not just a stuffed toy.
One of her masterpieces “Look Here Bees!
I’m Good Boy Takuya!” was nominated for TOBY ® awards in 1996¸ and won the highest praise from teddy bear fans in the world.
She depicted the art of Takuya Kimura, whom she admires.
Michi is also an art producer, an art director, and a soft sculptor©.
Her husband, Hiro Takahashi (Teddy bear artist), is also a teddy bear artist. 
The Bear Club is an online community dedicated to teddy bears.