Question: Which therapy is delivered right after cancer is surgically removed?
About the article "Radiation therapy", section "Types".

Candidate passages:
Adjuvant therapy is a form of treatment that is given after a primary treatment has already been administered.
In the example of RCC the adjuvant therapies tend to be the medications such as Interleukin-2 which are given after the renal nephrectomy surgery.
The idea behind this method is that the adjuvant therapy will prevent the cancer from returning as sometimes cancerous cells can remain in the body after the primary tumour has been removed.
A newer form of adjuvant therapy is Neoadjuvant therapy this is similar to adjuvant therapy but in this case the treatment is administered before the intended primary or main treatment.
In some cases neoadjuvant therapy has been shown to decrease the size and stage of the RCC to then allow it to be surgically removed.
This is a very new form of treatment and the effectiveness is still being assessed.
There are not RCC specific Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant therapies, but trials are still ongoing. 
Adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in preventing the outgrowth of micrometastatic disease from colorectal cancer that has been removed surgically.
Studies have shown that fluorouracil is an effective adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with microsatellite stability or low-frequency microsatellite instability, but not in patients with high-frequency microsatellite instability. 
Historically, the three main divisions of radiation therapy are external beam radiation therapy (EBRT or XRT) or teletherapy, brachytherapy or sealed source radiation therapy, and systemic radioisotope therapy or unsealed source radiotherapy.
The differences relate to the position of the radiation source; external is outside the body, brachytherapy uses sealed radioactive sources placed precisely in the area under treatment, and systemic radioisotopes are given by infusion or oral ingestion.
Brachytherapy can use temporary or permanent placement of radioactive sources.
The temporary sources are usually placed by a technique called afterloading.
In afterloading a hollow tube or applicator is placed surgically in the organ to be treated, and the sources are loaded into the applicator after the applicator is implanted.
This minimizes radiation exposure to health care personnel.
Particle therapy is a special case of external beam radiation therapy where the particles are protons or heavier ions.
Intraoperative radiation therapy or IORT is a special type of radiation therapy that is delivered immediately after surgical removal of the cancer.
This method has been employed in breast cancer (TARGeted Introperative radiation therapy or TARGIT), brain tumors and rectal cancers.
Paget's disease of the breast is a type of cancer of the breast.
Treatment usually involves a lumpectomy or mastectomy to surgically remove the tumour.
Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be necessary, but the specific treatment often depends on the characteristics of the underlying breast cancer.
Invasive cancer or extensive ductal carcinoma "in situ" is primarily treated with modified radical mastectomies.
The procedure consists in the removal of the breast, the lining over the chest muscles and a part of the lymph nodes from under the arm.
In cases of noninvasive cancers, simple mastectomies are performed in which only the breast with the lining over the chest muscles is removed.
Patients suffering from cancer that has not spread beyond the nipple and the surrounding area are often treated with breast-conserving surgery or lumpectomy.
They usually undergo radiation therapy after the actual procedure to prevent recurrence.
A breast-conserving surgery consists in the removal of the nipple, areola and the part of the breast that is affected by cancer.
In most cases, adjuvant treatment is part of the treatment schema.
This type of treatment is normally given to patients with cancer to prevent a potential recurrence of the disease.
Whether adjuvant therapy is needed depends upon the type of cancer and whether the cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes.
In Paget's disease, the most common type of adjuvant therapy is radiation following breast-conservative surgery.
Adjuvant therapy may also consist of anticancer drugs or hormone therapies.
Hormonal therapy reduces the production of hormones within the body, or prevents the hormones from stimulating the cancer cells to grow, and it is commonly used in cases of invasive cancer by means of drugs such as tamoxifen and anastrozole. 
Radiation therapy is an adjuvant treatment for most women who have undergone lumpectomy and for some women who have mastectomy surgery.
In these cases the purpose of radiation is to reduce the chance that the cancer will recur.
Radiation therapy involves using high-energy X-rays or gamma rays that target a tumor or post surgery tumor site.
This radiation is very effective in killing cancer cells that may remain after surgery or recur where the tumor was removed.
Radiation therapy can be delivered by either external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy (internal radiotherapy).
In the case of external beam radiotherapy, X-rays are delivered from outside the body by a machine called a Linear Accelerator or Linac.
In contrast, brachytherapy involves the precise placement of radiation source(s) directly at the treatment site.
Radiation therapy for breast cancer is usually performed after surgery and is an integral component of breast-conserving therapy.
Radiation therapy eliminates the microscopic cancer cells that may remain near the area where the tumor was surgically removed.
The dose of radiation must be strong enough to ensure the elimination of cancer cells.
However, radiation affects normal cells and cancer cells alike, causing some damage to the normal tissue around where the tumor was.
Healthy tissue can repair itself, while cancer cells do not repair themselves as well as normal cells.
For this reason, radiation treatments are given over an extended period, enabling the healthy tissue to heal.
Treatments using external beam radiotherapy are typically given over a period of five to seven weeks, performed five days a week.
Recent large trials (UK START and Canadian) have confirmed that shorter treatment courses, typically over three to four weeks, result in equivalent cancer control and side effects as the more protracted treatment schedules.
Each treatment takes about 15 minutes.
A newer approach, called 'accelerated partial breast irradiation' (APBI), uses brachytherapy to deliver the radiation in a much shorter period of time.
APBI delivers radiation to only the immediate region surrounding the original tumor and can typically be completed over the course of one week.