community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What was the world's 5th-best selling single of 2012?
About the article "Payphone (song)", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
 Whitney Houston won a record five awards at the 1994 WMA show.
Some of her awards include: "World's Best Pop Artist", "World's Best R & B Artist", "World's Best-Selling Recording Artist" "Best-Selling American Artist".
Michael Jackson tied this record at the 1996 WMA show.
Some of his awards include "World's Best Selling Album of All Time" ("Thriller"), World's Best Pop Male Artist" and "World's Best-Selling Male Artist".
50 Cent made the record a three-way tie at the 2003 WMA show.
His awards include Best-Selling American Artist, World's Best Pop Male Artist, World's Best R&B Artist, World's Best Hip-Hop Artist, and World's Best New Artist.
Lady Gaga became the fourth artist to win five awards at the 2010 WMA show.
She won the awards for World's Best Single, World's Best Album, World's Best Pop/Rock Artist, World's Best New Artist, and Best-Selling American Artist.  
The "Juno Award for Best Selling Single" was awarded from 1975-1993 for the best selling single in Canada.
It was also known as "Best Selling International Single" and "International Single of the Year". 
 World's Best Selling American Artist: Lady Gaga World's Best Selling Australian Artist: Empire of the Sun World's Best Selling British Artist: Susan Boyle World's Best Selling Canadian Artist: Celine Dion World's Best Selling German Artist: Rammstein World's Best Selling Irish Artist: U2 World's Best Selling Italian Artist: Tiziano Ferro World's Best Selling Latin American Artist: Shakira World's Best Selling Middle Eastern Artist: Elissa World's Best Selling Scandinavian Artist: A-Ha World's Best Selling Spanish Artist: Mónica Naranjo  
The album was 5th Italy's best selling album in 1980. 
 World's Best-Selling Female Group of All Time: Destiny's Child World's Best-Selling Touring Band of All Time: '"The Rolling Stones
Question: When did the song "Chasing Cars" air on the trance radio show "A State of Trance?"
About the article "Chasing Cars", section "Covers and samples".

Candidate passages:
It was covered by The Baseballs for their re-released album Strike!
Back!
A trance version of the song was remixed by Blake Jarrell & Topher Jones.
It aired on the trance radio show "A State of Trance" episode 262 on 17 August 2006.
It was later voted to be the 12th best track played on "A State of Trance" in 2006 by the listeners.
The song was also used in a mashup by Party Ben, who combined the song with "Every Breath You Take" by The Police for the movie "Just Go With It".
In 2008, Kate Ceberano recorded a version for her album So Much Beauty.
It also featured in the Grey's Anatomy episode "Song Beneath The Song", sung by Callie Torres' spirit, Owen Hunter and Miranda Bailey.
Armin van Buuren regularly releases double mix CD "A State of Trance" compilations, as listed below:  A State of Trance 2004  A State of Trance 2005  A State of Trance 2006  A State of Trance 2007  A State of Trance 2008  A State of Trance 2009  A State of Trance 2010  A State of Trance 2011  A State of Trance 2012  A State of Trance 2013 Armin van Buuren also regularly releases double mix CD "A State of Trance Year Mix" compilations.
The Yearmix 2004 (Episode 182) was not released:  A State of Trance Year Mix 2005  A State of Trance Year Mix 2006  A State of Trance Year Mix 2007  A State of Trance Year Mix 2008  A State of Trance Year Mix 2009  A State of Trance Year Mix 2010  A State of Trance Year Mix 2011  A State of Trance Year Mix 2012 A release of 4-CD unmixed compilations of "A State of Trance Classics" has occurred annually since 2006: A State of Trance Classics (2006) A State of Trance Classics Vol.
2 (2007) A State of Trance Classics Vol.
3 (2008) A State of Trance Classics Vol.
4 (2009) A State of Trance Classics Vol.
5 (2010) A State of Trance Classics Vol.
6 (2011) A State of Trance Classics Vol.
7 (2012) A State of Trance Classics Vol.
8 (2013) These consist of unedited, full length tracks, in either the original or most popular mix, and state that they are from "uncompressed masters".
Despite being called "Classics", the criteria for inclusion weighs heavily towards the difficulty of finding uncompressed digital copies of tracks and as such relatively recent tracks which were vinyl-only or on small record labels have featured. 
A State Of Trance is the name of Armin van Buuren's Radio show and his annual CD compilation series. 
A State of Trance 2008 is the fifth album in the "A State of Trance" compilation series mixed by Dutch DJ Armin van Buuren.
The double disc album of trance music was released on September 29, 2008. 
A State of Trance 2006 is a trance compilation album released in 2006.
A State of Trance 2006 was the first A State of Trance album to use the "On The Beach" (CD1) and "In The Club" (CD2) format.
Question: The first major competition in Nordic combined took place in 1892 at the first annual Holmenkollen Ski Festival in Oslo.
About the article "Nordic combined", section "History".

Candidate passages:
The Holmenkollen Ski Festival ( or ) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway.
The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic.
It takes place in March and has been arranged every year since 1892, except for 1898 and during World War II (1941–1945).
The event is arranged by Skiforeningen and takes place at Holmenkollen National Arena and ski jumping hills Holmenkollbakken and Midtstubakken.
In 2009 Holmenkollen was under renovation and replacing races were held in Trondheim for cross-country skiing and biathlon, and in Vikersund for ski jumping and nordic combined.
In 2011, Holmenkollen hosted the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and there was no separate Holmenkollen Ski Festival.
Previously Holmekollen had hosted World Championships in 1930, 1966, 1982, and it also hosted the Nordic skiing events of 1952 Winter Olympics that were also that year's World Championships.
Holmenkollen has also hosted biathlon World Championship events in 1986, 1990, 1999, 2000, and 2002. 
Norwegian soldiers are known to have been competing in Nordic skiing since the 19th century.
The first major competition in Nordic combined was held in 1892 in Oslo at the first Holmenkollen Ski Festival, an event still held annually.
In Norway, popularity of the Holmenkollen, and Nordic combined in general, was great.
It is still held in all Winter Olympics.
There is currently no women's competition sanctioned by the International Ski Federation.
The sport was included at the 1924 Winter Olympics, and has been on the programme ever since.
World Championships have been held since 1925.
Traditionally, Norway has always delivered top athletes in the sport, but Finland, Germany, Austria, and France are also among the top nations in the Nordic combined.
Viktor Thorn was a Norwegian nordic combined athlete who won the Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1895.
For that honor, Thorn became the first winner of the Holmenkollen medal that same year. 
Debuted 1892.
Sprint event debuted in 1997 
Holmenkollen National Arena () is a Nordic skiing and biathlon venue located at Holmenkollen in Oslo, Norway.
It consists of the large ski jumping hill Holmenkollbakken, the normal hill Midtstubakken and a stadium for cross-country skiing and a shooting range for biathlon.
Since 1892, it has hosted the annual Holmenkollen Ski Festival, which is part of the world cup tournaments in ski jumping, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, as well as annual Biathlon World Cup races.
It has previously hosted the 1952 Winter Olympics, and the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in 1930, 1966, 1982 and 2011.
Question: What actress plays Dr. Megan Hunt?
About the article "Body of Proof", section "Overview and production".

Candidate passages:
 Megan Boone, actress  
The second season of "Body of Proof", an American television series created by Christopher Murphey, commenced airing in the United States on September 20, 2011, concluded April 10, 2012, and consisted of 20 episodes.
It follows the life and career of Dr. Megan Hunt, a medical examiner, once a neurosurgeon, who now works in Philadelphia's Medical Examiner's office after a car accident ended her neurosurgery career.
Along with Hunt solving homicide cases are her colleagues, Nicholas Bishop as Peter Dunlop, Jeri Ryan as Dr. Kate Murphy, John Carroll Lynch and Sonja Sohn as Detective's Bud Morris and Samantha Baker and fellow medical examiners, Geoffrey Arend as Dr. Ethan Gross and Windell Middlebrooks as Dr. Curtis Brumfield.
Mary Mouser who plays Megan's daughter Lacey was promoted to "regular" from "recurring" status from season 1.
Jeffrey Nordling who plays Megan's ex-husband Todd, Joanna Cassidy who plays her mother Joan and Eric Sheffer Stevens who plays Bill Parkson all reprise their roles, whilst Cliff Curtis, Nathalie Kelley and Jamie Bamber join the show, all of which appear on a "recurring" basis. 
Megan Lynne Dodds (born February 15, 1970) is an American actress. 
Leigh Arnold (born Megan Leigh Arnold on 17 October 1979) is an Irish actress.
A native of Foxrock, County Dublin, Arnold is known for her role of Dr Cloadagh Delaney in the Irish TV series "The Clinic". 
When the DVD was released, "Monsters and Critics" said of the season, "The second season of "Body of Proof" takes what worked with the first season and continues to build on the premise.
The series still feels formulaic to me, but the cast make it worth taking the time to watch and help it overcome any short comings.
The second season sees more medical mysteries and twist with each episode as Dr. Megan Hunt (Dana Delany) and her team are back to handle everything from a child kidnapping to a murder where the entire city could be suspect.
Along with murder and other crimes, the team deals with a new romance and Hunt continues to work around strained relationships with her ex-husband and boss.
The series still feels formulaic and doesn't quite fire on all cylinders for me, but season two was an improvement.
The series leaves you wanting to see what will happen in season three.
Question: What late night show did Snow Patrol perform the song on?
About the article "Chasing Cars", section "Promotion and release".

Candidate passages:
The song was featured in the "Suddenly" episode of "Grey's Anatomy", which aired on 5 January 2012.
Snow Patrol performed it live on 9 January 2012 on American late-night talk show "Late Show with David Letterman".
This song was also featured in Season 4 Episode 10 of The Vampire Diaries. 
Aura Dione performed the song for the first time in Denmark on late-night talk show "Clement Søndag" on April 22, 2012.
She is set to perform the song on Danish game show "Husk lige tandbørsten". 
The first live performance of "Once" was at The Cooler in Bristol on 20 March 2010 on the first leg of her Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree Tour.
Since then, Vickers made a series of television appearances, including Scottish lifestyle show "The Hour" on 8 March 2010 and children's magazine programme "Blue Peter" on 13 April 2010.
She performed for GMTV and BBC Switch on 14 and 17 April 2010, respectively.
Vickers also appeared on BBC Radio 1 for an interview with Scott Mills on 12 April 2010, while he was the standby presenter on "The Chris Moyles Show".
In addition, she performed "Once" and a cover of "Just Say Yes" by Snow Patrol in the Live Lounge on 22 April 2010.
She also went on the BBC2 show "Something for The Weekend" and ITV1's "Loose Women" but did not perform on either. 
The band released a compilation entitled "Greatest Hits" on 14 May 2013.
The single version of the song "The Lightning Strike (What If This Storm Ends?
)", featured in trailer of the 2013 fantasy-adventure comedy-drama film "Epic", will make its compilation album debut upon the release.
Snow Patrol headlined the Tennent's Vital festival in August 2013 and performed a special warm-up show in London before the festival.
Lightbody said in an interview that "were going to do the show so that [they haven't gone rusty".
After the show, the band announced that Simpson would leave the band.
At their Tennent's Vital concert, Lightbody announced that it would be Simpson's last night with the band.
On 19 August 2013, Lightbody's side-project, Tired Pony, released their second album, "The Ghost of the Mountain".
"All Things All at Once" was the first single released from the album. 
Gary Lightbody is featured on a track entitled "The Last Time" from Taylor Swift's 2012 album "Red".
Snow Patrol released the 22nd album in the "Late Night Tales" series of mix albums by artists, which has been curated by Lightbody and Simpson.
The band covered the INXS song "New Sensation" for the occasion.
Lightbody has also spoken of plans to release songs from the Listen... Tanks!
project (with Snow Patrol producer Jacknife Lee) and Tired Pony, a country group.
The band contributed the song "Signal Fire" to the "Spider-Man 3" soundtrack as well as the film.
The song was the lead single from the soundtrack and was featured in the credits to the film.
The band also contributed to a 2011 compilation entitled "Johnny Boy Would Love This... A Tribute to John Martyn", for which they covered his song from the 1973 album "Solid Air" "May You Never".
Question: What is the weight of the Space Needle?
About the article "Space Needle", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
In 2012, the union workers of the Space Needle started working without a contract when the current contract expired.
The workers, working with the union, Unite Here Local 8, have entered into contract negotiations with the owners.
The owners have made it clear that they don't want to extend a contract with the workers or the union because of terminology used in the contract.
The Space Needle believes it offered employees enough security under past contracts without explicitly promising no subcontracting, which is what the workers want in the new contract.
This would likely limit the company's ability to hire workers on a needed basis such as peak seasons or special events.
But instead of striking this item from the contract, Unite Here has pushed for picketing outside of the Space Needle on a weekly basis until such contract terms are accepted.
In 2013, federal mediation was set to begin between workers and the owners of the Space Needle. 
A Low dead space syringe is a type of syringe with a design that seeks to limit dead space that exists between the syringe hub and needle. 
For some procedures, the anaesthetist may choose to combine the rapid onset and reliable, dense block of a spinal anaesthetic with the post-operative analgesic effects of an epidural.
This is called combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia (CSE).
The practitioner may insert the spinal anaesthetic at one level, and the epidural at an adjacent level.
Alternatively, after locating the epidural space with the Tuohy needle, a spinal needle may be inserted through the Tuohy needle into the subarachnoid space.
The spinal dose is then given, the spinal needle withdrawn, and the epidural catheter inserted as normal.
This method, known as the "needle-through-needle" technique, may be associated with a slightly higher risk of placing the catheter into the subarachnoid space. 
Detachable Needle Design.
Low dead space needles.
Currently, the design of the low dead space needle incorporates a plastic neck that fits within the neck of a standard syringe hub. 
  Pine needle, the adult leaf of a pine tree  Needle Bush ("Vachellia farnesiana")  Needle Palm ("Rhapidophyllum hystrix")  Needle (botany)
Question: what is homeostasis?
About the article "Biology", section "Homeostasis".

Candidate passages:
Example of use: "Reactive homeostasis is an immediate homeostasic response to a challenge such as predation.
"However, "any" homeostasis is impossible without reaction - because homeostasis is and must be a "feedback" phenomenon.
The phrase "reactive homeostasis" is simply short for "reactive compensation reestablishing homeostasis", that is to say, "reestablishing a point of homeostasis."
- it should not be confused with a separate "kind" of homeostasis or a distinct phenomenon "from" homeostasis; it is simply the compensation (or compensatory) phase of homeostasis. 
Copper homeostasis protein cutC homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "CUTC" gene. 
LRP-1 is involved in several cellular processes, including intracellular signaling, lipid homeostasis, and clearance of apoptotic cells. 
Homeostasis is the process by which the body remains in balance.
This is fundamentalized by the various organs, enzymes, and hormones that monitor and counteract any malfunctions that precipitate.
The body easily allows itself to balance quickly with the environment to avoid any sudden changes within the body.
Predictive homeostasis is an anticipatory response to an expected homeostatic challenging event in the future.
Seasonal migration is one example of predictive homeostasis. 
The kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis by regulating the pH of the blood plasma.
Gains and losses of acid and base must be balanced.
The study of the acid-base reactions in the body is acid base physiology.
Question: How much data in kilobytes was the group able to encode?
About the article "DNA", section "Information storage".

Candidate passages:
In a paper published in Nature in January, 2013, scientists from the European Bioinformatics Institute and Agilent Technologies proposed a mechanism to use DNA's ability to code information as a means of digital data storage.
The group was able to encode 739 kilobytes of data into DNA code, synthesize the actual DNA, then sequence the DNA and decode the information back to its original form, with a reported 100% accuracy.
The encoded information consisted of text files and audio files.
A prior experiment was published in August 2012.
It was conducted by researchers at Harvard University, where the text of a 54,000-word book was encoded in DNA.
The ENCODE Consortium is composed primarily of scientists who were funded by US National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI).
Other participants contributing to the project are brought up into the Consortium or Analysis Working Group.
The pilot phase consisted of eight research groups and twelve groups participating in the ENCODE Technology Development Phase (ENCODE Pilot Project: Participants and Projects).
After 2007, the number of participants grew up to 440 scientists from 32 laboratories worldwide as the pilot phase was officially over.
At the moment the consortium consists of different centers which perform different tasks (ENCODE Participants and Projects):  ENCODE Production Centers  ENCODE Data Coordination Center  ENCODE Data Analysis Center  ENCODE Computational Analysis Awards  ENCODE Technology Development Effort  
Most All-in-Ones exploit a hack to the ISO 9660 file system.
This hack allows them to store a file only once as data, but reference it with many filenames and paths; this is also known as hardlinks.
The reason this works so effectively is that multiple editions of software commonly only change between a small group of files, so the AIO might be only a few kilobytes or megabytes larger than one copy of a certain edition of the software, but will not be as large as copying them individually.
Some modified versions of the program mkisofs are able to automatically find multiple copies of files using the -duplicates-once option. 
The Triton Quick Disk Drive is a product that allows 2.8-inch floppy disks to be read on the Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, MSX, Mattel Aquarius and Dragon 64 home computers.
The product was released for sale in the mid-1980s.
The disk drive can be used with Hitachi Maxell 2.8-inch double sided floppy disks, with a capacity of 144 kilobytes non-formatted and 100 kilobytes formatted.
Each side has 20 sectors of 2.5 kB.
A maximum of 20 files can be saved on each side of the floppy disks.
The data transfer rate is up to 100 kilobytes per second.
The disk drive measures 250 x 225 x 65 mm, weighing in at 3.2 kilograms. 
  128 kilobytes for the Java platform  8 kilobytes for persistent data  32 kilobytes for the Java runtime
Question: What year was the book "St Louis" published?
About the article "Protestant Reformation", section "Primary sources in translation".

Candidate passages:
MGM's "Meet Me in St. Louis" (1944) was one of the most popular movies made during World War II.
The stories in Sally Benson's book, "Meet Me in St. Louis", were first written as short vignettes in a series, "5135 Kensington", which "The New Yorker" published from June 14, 1941 to May 23, 1942.
Benson took her original eight vignettes and added four more stories for a book compilation with each chapter representing a month of a year (from 1903 to 1904).
When the book was published by Random House as "Meet Me in St. Louis" in 1942, it was titled after the MGM film, then in the very early stages of scripting.
At MGM, Benson wrote an early draft of the screenplay, but it was not used. 
The Spirit of St. Louis is an autobiographical account by Charles Lindbergh about the events leading up to and including his 1927 solo trans-Atlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis, a custom-built, single engine, single-seat monoplane (Registration: N-X-211).
The book was published on September 14, 1953, and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1954. 
On December 15, 2011, Romero signed a one-year contract with the St. Louis Cardinals.
On May 14, 2012, Romero was released by the St. Louis Cardinals. 
Casper Salathiel Yost (1863-1941) was the longtime editor of the "St. Louis Globe-Democrat", where he started working in 1889.
He was the founder of the American Society of Newspaper Editors and was influential in developing its code of ethics.
Yost was a prominent member of the St. Louis Civitan Club, serving as president of the board of governors for many years before his death.
In 1916 Yost published what he called “…facts in relation to some phenomena …” related to the “occult manifestations” of Patience Worth, a spirit entity channeled by Pearl Curran from 1913 through 1937.
This book titled Patience Worth: A Psychic Mystery brought the novels, plays, and poems of Patience Worth to the attention of the general public.
The liberty ship SS Casper S. Yost, launched in 1944, was named for him.
He was born in Sedalia, Missouri, and died in St. Louis. 
The 2005 St. Louis Rams season was the team's 68th year with the National Football League and the 11th season in St. Louis.