community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Why is the solubility in water decreased in polysaccharides?
About the article "Biomolecule", section "Saccharides".

Candidate passages:
 in non-aqueous solvents.
Most publicly available solubility values are those for solubility in water.
The reference also lists some for non-aqueous solvents.
Solubility data for non-aqueous solvents is currently being collected via an open notebook science crowdsourcing project. 
The solubility of Rhodamine B in water is ~50 g/L.
However, the solubility in acetic acid solution (30 vol.%) is ~400 g/L.
Chlorinated tap water decomposes rhodamine B. Rhodamine B solutions adsorb to plastics and should be kept in glass. 
  Solubility is the ability of a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.  
Lead(II) oxalate is sparingly soluble in water.
Its solubility is increased in presence of excess oxalate anions, due to the formation of the Pb(C2O4)22− complex ion. 
Solubility is commonly expressed as a concentration; for example, as g of solute per kg of solvent, g per dL (100mL) of solvent, molarity, molality, mole fraction, etc.
The maximum equilibrium amount of solute that can dissolve per amount of solvent is the solubility of that solute in that solvent under the specified conditions.
The advantage of expressing solubility in this manner is its simplicity, while the disadvantage is that it can strongly depend on the presence of other species in the solvent (for example, the common ion effect).
Solubility constants are used to describe saturated solutions of ionic compounds of relatively low solubility (see solubility equilibrium).
The solubility constant is a special case of an equilibrium constant.
It describes the balance between dissolved ions from the salt and undissolved salt.
The solubility constant is also "applicable" (i.e., useful) to precipitation, the reverse of the dissolving reaction.
As with other equilibrium constants, temperature can affect the numerical value of solubility constant.
The solubility constant is not as simple as solubility, however the value of this constant is generally independent of the presence of other species in the solvent.
The Flory–Huggins solution theory is a theoretical model describing the solubility of polymers.
The Hansen solubility parameters and the Hildebrand solubility parameters are empirical methods for the prediction of solubility.
It is also possible to predict solubility from other physical constants such as the enthalpy of fusion.
The partition coefficient (Log P) is a measure of differential solubility of a compound in a hydrophobic solvent (1-octanol) and a hydrophilic solvent (water).
The logarithm of these two values enables compounds to be ranked in terms of hydrophilicity (or hydrophobicity).
The energy change associated with dissolving is usually given per mole of solute as the enthalpy of solution.
Question: Was baseball the national sport of the United States in the late 19th century?
About the article "Baseball", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
The following is a list of United States Major League Baseball teams that played in the National League during the 19th century. 
In the late 19th century "new" sports were introduced in Puerto Rico, after Puerto Rico became an American territory when the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish–American War.
Baseball, which was invented in the United States, was introduced to the island by a group of Puerto Ricans and Cubans who learned the sport in the United States.
The sport was also played by the American soldiers who organized games as part of their training.
Puerto Ricans were also introduced to the sports of boxing and basketball by the occupying military forces. 
The history of baseball in the United States can be traced to the 18th century, when amateurs played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using improvised equipment.
The popularity of the sport inspired the semipro national baseball clubs in the 1860s. 
Horace Wilson (February 10, 1843 – March 4, 1927) was an American expatriate educator in late 19th century Empire of Japan.
He is one of the persons credited with introducing the sport of baseball to Japan. 
In the late 19th century the degree was awarded at the University of Michigan.
Question: What is another name for unmilled rice ?
About the article "Rice", section "Harvesting, drying and milling".

Candidate passages:
Glutinous rice is distinguished from other types of rice by having no (or negligible amounts of) amylose, and high amounts of amylopectin (the two components of starch).
Amylopectin is responsible for the sticky quality of glutinous rice.
The difference has been traced to a single mutation that was selected for by farmers.
Like all types of rice, glutinous rice does not contain dietary gluten (i.e.
does not contain glutenin and gliadin), and should be safe for gluten-free diets.
Glutinous rice can be used either milled or unmilled (that is, with the bran removed or not removed).
Milled glutinous rice is white in color and fully opaque (unlike non-glutinous rice varieties, which are somewhat translucent when raw), whereas the bran can give unmilled glutinous rice a purple or black color.
Black and purple glutinous rice are distinct strains from white glutinous rice.
In developing Asia, there is little regulation, and some governments have issued advisories about toxic dyes being added to colour adulterated rice.
Both black and white glutinous rice can be cooked as discrete grains, or ground into flour and cooked as a paste or gel. 
 Paddy field, a type of cultivated land Paddy (unmilled rice) Paddy mail, a train for construction workers Paddy Whiskey, a liquor Paddy, slang word for a tantrum or fit  
Bhutanese red rice.
Bhutanese red rice is a medium-grain rice, and is the staple rice of the Bhutanese people.
It is a red japonica rice that is semi-milled; some of the reddish bran is left on the rice.
Because of this, it cooks somewhat faster than an unmilled brown rice.
When cooked, the rice is pale pink, soft and slightly sticky.
This rice became available in the United States in the mid-1990s. 
Brown rice (or "hulled" or "unmilled" rice) is whole grain rice.
It has a mild, nutty flavor, and is chewier and more nutritious than white rice, but goes rancid more quickly because the bran and germ—which are removed to make white rice—contain fats that can spoil.
Any rice, including long-grain, short-grain, or sticky rice, may be eaten as brown rice. 
Camargue red rice is a relatively new variety of rice cultivated in the wetlands of the Camargue region of southern France.
It is a short-grained and unmilled variety of rice and is therefore quite sticky.
It is a brownish-red colour.
It has an intense somewhat nutty taste and a naturally chewy texture.
Cooking time is generally 35–45 minutes depending on the amount of "bite" desired after cooking.
It is best cooked like a risotto rice, i.e., sautéing in butter first, then adding small amounts of water or stock until absorbed and repeating for the duration of the cooking time.
It is generally much more filling than white rice, so less is needed per person.
Question: What is the name of the oldest operating coaster in the park?
About the article "Hersheypark", section "The Hollow".

Candidate passages:
Thunderhawk (formerly known as The Coaster) is a wooden out and back roller coaster located at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom near Allentown, Pennsylvania.
The coaster was built in 1923 and is one of the oldest operating roller coasters in the northeast. 
Roller Coaster, also known as the White Roller Coaster, at Lagoon Amusement Park in Farmington, Utah, United States, is the oldest roller coaster at the park. 
The Jack Rabbit is an "out and back" wooden roller coaster at Seabreeze.
Opened in 1920, it is the fourth oldest operating roller coaster in the world and second oldest in the USA. 
 1902 *"Leap-The-Dips" opens at Lakemont Park, Altoona, Pennsylvania.
It is today the world's oldest operating wooden coaster (it was closed from 1985 until 1999).
1907 *First use of lapbar: "Drop-The-Dips", Coney Island.
1912 *"Scenic Railway" opens at Luna Park, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Today it is the world's oldest continually-operating roller coaster.
1913 *First coaster with a möbius-style track: "Derby Racer", Euclid Beach Park, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
1925 *First coaster to reach 100 feet: Cyclone, Revere Beach, Revere, Massachusetts, United States.
1930 *"Rodelbaan" opens at De Waarbeek, Hengelo, The Netherlands.
The oldest operating steel roller coaster.
1952 *First junior steel coaster: "Little Dipper", Memphis Kiddie Park, Brooklyn, Ohio, United States.
It is the world's oldest operating junior steel coaster.
1959 *First tubular steel coaster: "Matterhorn Bobsleds", Disneyland, Anaheim, California, United States.
Today it is the world's oldest operating tubular steel coaster.
1966 *First coaster to feature an underwater tunnel: "Mine Train", Six Flags Over Texas.  
Big Dipper is a wooden roller coaster at Geauga Lake amusement park in Bainbridge Township, Ohio.
Built in 1925, the Big Dipper is an ACE Coaster Classic and an ACE Coaster Landmark.
However, the award was never officially presented to the park.
Until September 2007, it was the oldest operating wooden coaster in Ohio, and the 7th oldest operating roller coaster in the USA (12th oldest in the world).
Big Dipper underwent major renovations in 1980.
It has been named "Big Dipper" since 1969, before which it was named Clipper and Sky Rocket.
The ride has been retracked by Martin & Vleminckx.
It is currently Standing but not operating.
Question: In Belgium, what other sports are popular in addition to football?
About the article "Belgium", section "Sports".

Candidate passages:
  "Main article: Sports in Belgium"  Football in Belgium  Belgium at the Olympics  
In Belgium, the Belgian FA also runs a nationwide Futsal league.
Clubs are given a matricule number as well, although a separate one than the matricule numbers assigned to the clubs in outdoor football.
Usually the letter A is in front of the matricule number to indicate an indoor club.
A separate indoor football league is organised by the BZVB (Belgische Zaalvoetbal Bond, translated as Belgian Indoor Football Association), this is not tied to the Belgian FA.
Both of these leagues run at the same moment but without any interaction with each other.
In addition, Mini Football is popular in Belgium (this has different rules all together than Futsal) and this league is run by a separate FA dealing with mini football only. 
The most popular sports in Cetinje are football, handball and basketball. 
Cricket and football are the two most popular sports in Gulariya. 
The popular sport of Sareshkeh is football.
Sareshkeh football team is one of the most powerful teams in Gilan.
Wrestling and Table football are the other sports in Sareshkeh.
Question: Where was the replica of the David statue placed?
About the article "David (Michelangelo)", section "Later history".

Candidate passages:
In 1873 the statue of David was removed from the piazza, to protect it from damage, and displayed in the Accademia Gallery, Florence, where it attracts many visitors.
A replica was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in 1910.
In 1991, a man attacked the statue with a hammer he had concealed beneath his jacket, in the process damaging the toes of the left foot, before being restrained.
On 12 November 2010, a fiberglass replica of the "David" was installed on the roofline of Florence Cathedral, for one day only.
Photographs of the installation reveal the statue the way the "Operai" who commissioned the work originally expected it to be seen.
In 2010, a dispute over the ownership of David arose when, based on a legal review of historical documents, the Italian Culture Ministry claimed ownership of the statue in opposition to the city of Florence, where it has always been located.
Florence disputes the state claim.
A smaller replica is in the Norwegian village of Visnes, where the copper used in the original statue was mined.
A replica is also on the facade of a pub in Bleik, county of Nordland 
There is a replica of this statue in the National Museum of Colombo in Sri Lanka.  
David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504, by the Italian artist Michelangelo.
It is a marble statue of a standing male nude.
The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence.
Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was placed instead in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence, where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504.
Because of the nature of the hero that it represented, it soon came to symbolize the defense of civil liberties embodied in the Florentine Republic, an independent city-state threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the hegemony of the Medici family.
The eyes of David, with a warning glare, were turned towards Rome.
The statue was moved to the Accademia Gallery in Florence in 1873, and later replaced at the original location by a replica. 
  In India, a replica installed at the Administrative Building of the University of Pune is a legacy of the British Raj.
In 1995, a replica of "David" was offered as a gift by the municipality of Florence to the municipality of Jerusalem to mark the 3,000th anniversary of David's conquest of the city.
The proposed gift evoked a storm in Jerusalem, where religious factions urged the gift be declined, because the naked figure was considered pornographic.
Finally, a compromise was reached and another, fully clad replica of a different statue was donated instead.
Question: When was the Blu-ray version of Terminator Salvation released?
About the article "Terminator Salvation", section "Home media".

Candidate passages:
"Clash of the Gods: The Complete Season 1 DVD Set" was released on February 16, 2010.
The Blu-ray version was released on March 16, 2010. 
"The Terminator" was released on VHS and Betamax in 1985.
The film performed well financially on its initial release.
"The Terminator" premiered at number 35 on the top video cassette rentals and number 20 on top video cassette sales charts.
In its second week, "The Terminator" reached number 4 on the top video cassette rentals and number 12 on top video cassette sales charts.
In March 1995, "The Terminator" was released as a letter boxed edition on Laserdisc.
The film premiered through Image Entertainment on DVD, on September 3, 1997.
IGN referred to this DVD as "pretty bare-bones...released with just a mono soundtrack and a kind of poor transfer.
"Through their acquisition of Polygram Filmed Entertainment's pre-1996 film library catalogue, MGM released a special edition of the film on October 2, 2001, which included documentaries, the script, and advertisements for the film.
On January 23, 2001 a VCD version was released for the Hong Kong market.
On June 20, 2006, the film was released on Blu-ray through Sony in the United States.
In late 2012, the film was re-released on Blu-ray, this time with a transfer by MGM, which features improved sharpness compared to Sony's 2006 Blu-ray, and revised color grading, as well as expanded extra material, such as deleted scenes and a making-of feature. 
A Blu-ray version of the film was released April 21, 2009.
Unlike the laserdisc release, the Blu-ray version includes no special features.
The laserdisc release included commentary, documentaries and alternative endings not included in the Blu-ray or DVD releases. 
The DVD and Blu-ray Disc of the film was released on December 1, 2009.
The former contains the theatrical cut of the film with a featurette on the Mototerminators.
The Blu-ray features both the theatrical cut and the R-rated Director's cut, which is three minutes longer (118 minutes), with bonus material including Maximum Movie Mode, a video commentary in which director McG talks about the film while it plays, featurettes, a video archive, and a digital comic of the first issue of the official film prequel comic.
Both versions include a digital copy of the theatrical cut for portable media players.
Target Stores will be the only retailer to carry the Director's Cut on DVD.
On its first week of retail, "Terminator Salvation" debuted at the top spot of the Blu-ray charts, and on second in the DVD charts, behind "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian".
The film made $29,811,432 in domestic DVD sales bringing its total gross to $401,439,971 
"Taken 2" was released on DVD and Blu-ray, on January 15, 2013.
The Blu-ray version was released with both the theatrical and unrated extended edition.
Question: What was the 15th book called?
About the article "Pretty Little Liars", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
This story has arrived to us through two manuscripts named as A and B.
In the last part of the first one (from the first third of the 15th century) it is said that the book "was translated from Arabic to Latin, later it was Romanised by order of don Alfonso in 1261".
However, as the Spanish version is very near the Arabic one, a translation to Latin can be discarded.
The fact that Alfonso is called "infante" (he was crowned in 1252) leads to set the date of composition in 1251 what would convert the book into the first prose-fiction work written in the Iberian Peninsula. 
The curve of the headland around what is now Newquay Harbour provided natural protection from bad weather and a small fishing village grew up in the area.
When the village was first occupied is unknown but it is not mentioned in the "Domesday Book" although a local house (now a bar known as "Treninnick Tavern") is included.
By the 15th century, the village was called "Towan Blystra"—-"Towan" means sand hill/dune in Cornish, "Blystra" meaning blown-—but the anchorage was exposed to winds from the north east and in 1439 the local burgesses applied to Edmund Lacey, Bishop of Exeter for leave and funds to build a "New quay" from which the town derives its current name. 
In 2006, Dee Dee started writing her award winning memoir, "Vinyl Highway", called "an insightful and humorous chronicle" of her life touring the world with famous rock and roll acts in the Sixties.
In October 2007, she was awarded the "Best Pop Campaign Award" for her book promotion (The Irwin Award).
The award was presented at the 13th annual Book Publicists of Southern California Awards Dinner.
"Vinyl Highway" also won honorable mention in the "Writer's Digest" "15th International Book Awards."
In late 2008, the book was a finalist in the National USA Book News Best Book Awards Autobiography category, as well as a "Next Generation Indie Book Awards Finalist" in the memoir category. 
"Troy Book" survives in 23 manuscripts, testifying to the popularity of the poem during the 15th century.
It was printed first by Richard Pynson in 1513, and second by Thomas Marshe in 1555.
A modernized version sometimes attributed to Thomas Heywood, called "The Life and Death of Hector", appeared in 1614.
"Troy Book" exercised an influence on Robert Henryson, Thomas Kyd, and Christopher Marlowe, and was one of Shakespeare's sources for "Troilus and Cressida". 
Mr Nelson described the "book machine" thus "on Venus, Bucky managed to show me what I called a "Book Machine".
When a book was put into it, it would read the pages, play any music or show any picture it contained.
It was about the size of a television set".
Question: When did "The Originals" premiere?
About the article "The Vampire Diaries", section "Spin-off".

Candidate passages:
 Freddie Gorman “Just For You“ Eddie Holland “Take A Chance“ The Supremes “I Want A Guy” The Marvelettes “Please Mr. Postman” The Marvelettes “Strange I Know”  The Marvelettes “Forever” The Marvelettes “Someday, Someway” The Marvelettes “Goddess Of Love” The Marvelettes “You Should Know” Smokey Robinson and The Miracles “Mr.
Postman”  
The Duchy Originals Food company was a wholly owned subsidiary of Duchy Originals.
The Duchy Originals company did not manufacture Duchy Originals products until in 2006 the Duchy Originals Food company opened a factory in Launceston in Cornwall.
The factory made both sweet and savoury pastry products.
The factory made a loss of £447,158 in the financial year 2006/7.
During 2009, the bakery in Launceston was sold, this contributed to the Duchy Originals company making a loss for 2009 - 10. 
On January 11, 2013, it was announced that a back-door pilot focused on the Originals, starring Joseph Morgan as Klaus and titled "The Originals" would air sometime in April for a potential series pick-up for the 2013–2014 season.
On April 26, 2013, "The Originals" was confirmed for a full series.
This second spin-off attempt will be overseen by Julie Plec, with no involvement by Kevin Williamson.
"The Originals" was officially picked up by The CW on April 26, 2013, for the 2013–14 season.
Season one of "The Originals" was set to premiere on Tuesday, October 15.
However, on July 29, 2013, The CW announced that the series premiere would instead air on October 3, 2013, following the fifth season premiere of "The Vampire Diaries" in order to attract fans of the series.
On October 10, 2013, the CW ordered three additional scripts for the series.
On November 11, 2013, the CW decided to order a full season for "The Originals".
Following her March 11th episode Claire Holt left the main cast.
Claire confirmed that she will be returning to the show as she needs time to spend time with loved ones. 
The Paul Fung Cartoons collection at Syracuse University has 46 originals from "Dumb Dora", including 10 Sunday strips and 36 daily strips, plus four originals from "When Mother Was a Girl". 
Despite the cover images provided by iTunes, each "iTunes Originals" release is not simply titled "iTunes Originals", but rather "iTunes Originals – Artist" in the files' album tag, and in iTunes' database.
"iTunes Originals – Rob Thomas" S "iTunes Originals – Sarah McLachlan" "iTunes Originals – Seether" "iTunes Originals – Sheryl Crow" "iTunes Originals – Something for Kate "iTunes Originals - Staind" "iTunes Originals – Sting" T "iTunes Originals – Tears for Fears" "iTunes Originals – The Black Crowes" "iTunes Originals – The Black Eyed Peas" "iTunes Originals – The Cardigans" "iTunes Originals – The Flaming Lips" "iTunes Originals – The Living End" "iTunes Originals – The Wallflowers" U "iTunes Originals – Ulfuls" (Japanese exclusive) W "iTunes Originals – Weezer" "iTunes Originals – Willie Nelson" Y "iTunes Originals – Yeah Yeah Yeahs"