Question: From Lorraine to where was there a complete line of entrenched German forces facing Britain and France?
About the article "World War I", section "Trench warfare begins".

Candidate passages:
Western Front.
Trench warfare begins.
Military tactics before World War I had failed to keep pace with advances in technology.
These advances allowed for impressive defence systems, which out-of-date military tactics could not break through for most of the war.
Barbed wire was a significant hindrance to massed infantry advances.
Artillery, vastly more lethal than in the 1870s, coupled with machine guns, made crossing open ground extremely difficult.
Commanders on both sides failed to develop tactics for breaching entrenched positions without heavy casualties.
In time, however, technology began to produce new offensive weapons, such as gas warfare and the tank.
Just after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914), both Entente and German forces each continually sought to outflank the other by manoeuvering to the north: this series of manoeuvres became known as the "Race to the Sea".
When these outflanking efforts failed, Britain and France soon found themselves facing an uninterrupted line of entrenched German forces from Lorraine to Belgium's coast.
Britain and France sought to take the offensive, while Germany defended the occupied territories.
Consequently, German trenches were much better constructed than those of their enemy; Anglo-French trenches were only intended to be "temporary" before their forces broke through German defences.
Both sides tried to break the stalemate using scientific and technological advances.
On 22 April 1915, at the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans (violating the Hague Convention) used chlorine gas for the first time on the Western Front.
Several types of gas soon became widely used by both sides, and though it never proved a decisive, battle-winning weapon, poison gas became one of the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of the war.
Tanks were first used in combat by the British during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette (part of the wider Somme offensive) on 15 September 1916, with only partial success.
However, their effectiveness would grow as the war progressed; the Germans employed only very small numbers of their own design, supplemented by captured Allied tanks.
For most of the war Hebuterne was in the front line of the Western Front and occupied by the Allied Forces entrenched on the Eastern side of the village facing the Imperial German Army 800 yards beyond occupying the village of Gommecourt.
In mid-Summer 1916 the 56th (London) Division of the British Army carried out an attack from it in an attempt to capture Gommecourt as a part of the Battle of the Somme offensive, which failed with severe losses.
By the war's end the village was a complete wreck due to the violence to which it had been subject during its frontline career and it had to be completely re-built in the 1920s. 
At the beginning of September 1944, serious gasoline shortages forced an abrupt halt to General Patton's pursuit across northern France.
Resuming its advance on 4 September, but facing shortages of gasoline and ammunition because of the allied logistical crisis, XII Corps now confronted a vastly changed tactical situation.
A combination of German reinforcements and regained cohesion in the German forces (Fifth Panzer Army) confronting the U.S. Third Army resulted in dramatically increased German resistance in the region of Metz and Nancy in the Moselle River valley.
From the German point of view, Lorraine (German: "Lothringen") was seen as part of Germany and would be defended with bitter determination. 
At the outbreak of the First World War, the German Army (consisting in the West of seven field armies) executed a modified version of the Schlieffen Plan, designed to quickly attack France through neutral Belgium before turning southwards to encircle the French army on the German border.
Belgium's neutrality was guaranteed by Britain under the 1839 Treaty of London; this caused Britain to join the war at the expiration of its ultimatum at 11pm GMT on 4 August.
Armies under German generals Alexander von Kluck and Karl von Bülow attacked Belgium on 4 August 1914.
Luxembourg had been occupied without opposition on 2 August.
The first battle in Belgium was the Siege of Liège, which lasted from 5–16 August.
Liège was well fortified and surprised the German army under von Bülow with its level of resistance.
However, German heavy artillery was able to ruin the key forts within a few days.
Following the fall of Liège, most of the Belgian army retreated to Antwerp and Namur, with the Belgian capital, Brussels, falling to the Germans on 20 August.
Although the German army bypassed Antwerp, it remained a threat to their flank.
Another siege followed at Namur, lasting from about 20–23 August.
For their part, the French had five Armies deployed on their borders.
The pre-war French offensive plan, Plan XVII, was intended to capture Alsace-Lorraine following the outbreak of hostilities.
On 7 August the VII Corps attacked Alsace with its objectives being to capture Mulhouse and Colmar.
The main offensive was launched on 14 August with 1st and 2nd Armies attacking toward Sarrebourg-Morhange in Lorraine.
In keeping with the Schlieffen Plan, the Germans withdrew slowly while inflicting severe losses upon the French.
The French advanced the 3rd and 4th army toward the Saar River and attempted to capture Saarburg, attacking Briey and Neufchateau, before being driven back.
The French VII Corps captured Mulhouse after a brief engagement on 7 August, but German reserve forces engaged them in the Battle of Mulhouse and forced a French retreat.
The German army swept through Belgium, executing civilians and razing villages.
The application of "collective responsibility" against a civilian population further galvanised the allies, and newspapers condemned the German invasion and the army's violence against civilians and property, together called the "Rape of Belgium".
(A modern author uses the term only in the narrower sense of describing the war crimes committed by the German army during this period.)
After marching through Belgium, Luxembourg and the Ardennes, the German Army advanced, in the latter half of August, into northern France where they met both the French army, under Joseph Joffre, and the initial six divisions of the British Expeditionary Force, under Sir John French.
A series of engagements known as the Battle of the Frontiers ensued.
Key battles included the Battle of Charleroi and the Battle of Mons.
In the former battle the French 5th Army was almost destroyed by the German 2nd and 3rd Armies and the latter delayed the German advance by a day.
A general Allied retreat followed, resulting in more clashes such as the Battle of Le Cateau, the Siege of Maubeuge and the Battle of St. Quentin (Guise).
The German army came within of Paris, but at the First Battle of the Marne (6–12 September), French and British troops were able to force a German retreat by exploiting a gap which appeared between the 1st and 2nd Armies, ending the German advance into France.
The German army retreated north of the Aisne River and dug in there, establishing the beginnings of a static western front that was to last for the next three years.
Following this German setback, the opposing forces tried to outflank each other in the Race for the Sea, and quickly extended their trench systems from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier.
The resulting German-occupied territory held 64% of France's pig-iron production, 24% of its steel manufacturing and 40% of the total coal mining capacity, dealing a serious, but not crippling setback to French industry.
On the Entente side, the final lines were occupied by the armies of the Allied countries, with each nation defending a part of the front.
From the coast in the north, the primary forces were from Belgium, the British Empire and France.
Following the Battle of the Yser in October, the Belgian forces controlled a 35 km length of Belgium's Flanders territory along the coast, known as the Yser Front, along the Yser river and the Yperlee canal, from Nieuwpoort to Boesinghe.
Stationed to the south was the sector of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).
Here, from 19 October until 22 November, the German forces made their final breakthrough attempt of 1914 during the First Battle of Ypres.
Heavy casualties were suffered on both sides but no breakthrough occurred.
After the battle Erich von Falkenhayn reasoned that it was no longer possible for Germany to win the war, and on 18 November 1914 he called for a diplomatic solution, but Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff disagreed.
By Christmas, the BEF guarded a continual line from the La Bassée Canal to south of St. Eloi in the Somme valley.
The remainder of the front, south to the border with Switzerland, was manned by French forces. 
Following France's October 10 declaration of war, it began military operations three days later, invading the Duchy of Lorraine and besieging the imperial fortress at Kehl, across the Rhine River from Strasbourg, gaining control of both objectives in a few weeks.
Unable to attack Austria directly, and unwilling to invade the intervening German states for fear of drawing Great Britain and the Dutch into the conflict, France consolidated its position in Lorraine, and withdrew its troops across the Rhine for the winter.
The emperor mobilized his active forces in response to the French attacks, and began the process of calling up troops from the states of the empire, establishing a defensive line at Ettlingen, near Karlsruhe.
In the spring of 1734 French maneuvers successfully flanked this line, and Prince Eugene of Savoy (who, despite being born in Paris, fought on the Austrian side) was forced to withdraw these forces to the imperial encampment at Heilbronn.
This cleared the way for the French army under the Duke of Berwick to besiege the imperial fort at Philippsburg, which fell after a siege of two months in July 1734.
Eugene, who was accompanied by Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia, made some attempts to relieve the siege, but never made any decisive attacks against the besieging army owing to its size and relatively poor quality of the troops under his command.
Berwick was killed by a shell at Philippsburg.
French armies continued to advance along the Rhine, reaching as far as Mainz, but the growing imperial army, which came to include troops from Russia that had assisted with the capture of Danzig, was able to prevent France from establishing a siege there, and Eugene went on the offensive.
A force of 30,000 under Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff crossed the Rhine and began pushing the French back toward Trier, defeating them at Clausen in October 1735, in one of the last battles before preliminary peace terms were reached.