community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: In which year did the Luddite attacks start?
About the article "Industrial Revolution", section "Luddites".

Candidate passages:
The title Luddite developed a secondary meaning: a "Luddite" is a term describing those opposed to, or slow to adopt or incorporate into their lifestyle, industrialisation, automation, computerisation or new technologies in general.
In 1956, there is a parliamentary speech that said 'Organised workers were by no means wedded to a Luddite Philosophy'.
Economists use the term Luddite fallacy to explain that: The notion of technological unemployment leading to structural unemployment (and being macroeconomically injurious).
If a firm's technological innovation results in a reduction of labor inputs, then the firm's cost of production falls, which shifts the firm's supply curve outward and reduces the price of the good (limited by the price elasticity of demand). 
Activists smashed Heathcote's lacemaking machine in Loughborough in 1816.
He and other industrialists had secret chambers constructed in their buildings that could be used as hiding places during an attack.
In 1817, an unemployed Nottingham stockinger and probable ex-Luddite named Jeremiah Brandreth led the Pentrich Rising, which was a general uprising unrelated to machinery, but which could be viewed as the last major Luddite act. 
Luddite is an EP by the Experimental band Grotus. 
Luddite acts 1811-1813.
The Luddites met at night on the moors surrounding industrial towns, where they would practise drills and manoeuvres.
Their main areas of operation were Nottinghamshire in November 1811, followed by the West Riding of Yorkshire in early 1812 and Lancashire by March 1813.
Luddites battled the British Army at Burton's Mill in Middleton and at Westhoughton Mill, both in Lancashire.
Rumours abounded at the time that local magistrates employed agents provocateur to instigate the attacks.
Using the pseudonym King Ludd, the Luddites and their supporters anonymously sent death threats to—and even attacked—magistrates and food merchants.  
  "Luddite" – 4:32  "Marginal" – 3:12  "Shelf Life" – 3:53  "What In The World" – 3:57  "Brown" (Only on vinyl & import CD versions) – 6:04
Question: How old is computer science?
About the article "Computer science", section "Major achievements".

Candidate passages:
Students involved in the computer science program learn how to write html, videogames, and general computer programming.
This is a branch off the Math program and took the place of the Business program in 2009.  
Vision science is the scientific study of vision.
Vision science is a term used to encompass all studies of vision, such as how human and non-human organisms process visual information, how conscious visual perception works in humans, how to exploit visual perception for effective communication, and how artificial systems can do the same tasks.
Vision science overlaps with or encompasses disciplines such as ophthalmology, neuroscience, psychology (particularly sensation and perception psychology, cognitive psychology, psychophysics, and neuropsychology), physics (particularly optics), ethology, and computer science (particularly computer vision, artificial intelligence, and computer graphics), as well as practical applications such as data visualization, user interface design, and human factors and ergonomics. 
This is a list of computer and video games that are set in the Old West (or even a science fiction western). 
The Higher Institute of Computer Science provide the Egyptian Bachelors in computer science that is equal to the Egyptian Bachelors in computer science provided by Egyptian universities. 
Major factors in designing a search engine's architecture include:  Merge factors : How data enters the index, or how words or subject features are added to the index during text corpus traversal, and whether multiple indexers can work asynchronously.
The indexer must first check whether it is updating old content or adding new content.
Traversal typically correlates to the data collection policy.
Search engine index merging is similar in concept to the SQL Merge command and other merge algorithms.
Storage techniques : How to store the index data, that is, whether information should be data compressed or filtered.
Index size : How much computer storage is required to support the index.
Lookup speed : How quickly a word can be found in the inverted index.
The speed of finding an entry in a data structure, compared with how quickly it can be updated or removed, is a central focus of computer science.
Maintenance : How the index is maintained over time.
Fault tolerance : How important it is for the service to be reliable.
Issues include dealing with index corruption, determining whether bad data can be treated in isolation, dealing with bad hardware, partitioning, and schemes such as hash-based or composite partitioning, as well as replication.
Question: What is the length of "Talk to Me"?
About the article "Call Me Maybe", section "Track listings".

Candidate passages:
  "Talk to Me" (Anita Baker song), 1990  "Talk to Me" (Joe Seneca song), originally recorded by Little Willie John (1958), covered by many artists  "Talk to Me" (Kiss song), 1980  "Talk to Me" (Peaches song), 2009  "Talk to Me" (Stevie Nicks song), 1985  "Talk to Me" (Wild Orchid song), 1997  "Talk to Me", a song by Bruce Springsteen from "Hearts of Stone"  "Talk to Me", a song by Buckcherry from "Black Butterfly"  "Talk to Me", a song by Carly Rae Jepsen from "Curiosity"  "Talk to Me", a song by Chico DeBarge from "Chico DeBarge"  "Talk to Me", a song by Chris de Burgh from "Power of Ten"  "Talk to Me", a song by Frank Sinatra  "Talk to Me", a song by Nirvana from "With the Lights Out"  
"Talk Dirty to Me" is on the following albums.
"Look What the Cat Dragged In"  "Swallow This Live" (live version)  "Crack a Smile... and More!"
(Unplugged)  "Power to the People" (live version)  "Look What the Cat Dragged In – 20th Anniversary Edition"  
The album's themes are ambition ("Cry Tough"), lust ("I Want Action", "Talk Dirty to Me", "Want Some, Need Some"), sexual frustration ("Blame It on You"), love lost ("I Won't Forget You"), and, most importantly, anti-social behavior ("No.
1 Bad Boy", "Look What the Cat Dragged In", "Let Me Go to the Show" and "Play Dirty").
"Talk Dirty to Me" was written by guitarist C. C. DeVille prior to his joining the band.
DeVille played it to Michaels, Rikki Rockett and Bobby Dall during his audition for the role as the band's guitarist.
"Talk Dirty to Me" has been covered by several bands, including Children of Bodom and Reel Big Fish.
It is also included as a playable cover track in "", with Michaels re-recording the vocals. 
  "Talk to Me" (exhibition), a 2011 exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City  Talk to Me (NYC), a cultural phenomenon initiated by Bill Wetzel and Liz Barry in 2002  
Ashley Gearing (born May 15, 1991 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is an American country music artist.
Ashley Gearing made her chart debut in 2003 with the song "Can You Hear Me When I Talk to You?
", which peaked at No.
36 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts.
Eleven years old at the time, she became the youngest solo artist to enter the country charts, breaking a record held by Brenda Lee.
"Can You Hear Me When I Talk to You?"
was released as a single on Lyric Street Records.
It was followed by "Ribbons of Love", which failed to chart.
Neither single was included on an album.
Her first full length album, "Maybe It's Time", was released on the independent label Squeeze Records in 2006.
This album included the single "I Found It in You".
In 2007, she moved to Curb Records, charting again with the single "Out the Window" in mid-2008.
A second Curb single, "What You Think About Us," was given a release of July 2010.
Question: Is equestrianism a dangerous sport?
About the article "Equestrianism", section "Health issues".

Candidate passages:
  Airsoft is played across the entire country.
Equestrianism and Olympic shooting are also popular and have a reputation in Portugal, with many current and former law enforcement or military members adopting this sport.
Golf is also worth mentioning, since its greatest players play in the sunny region of the Algarve during the "Algarve Open".
Tennis is popular and the facilities for the practice of this sport are widespread.  
  7 sport schools in Bălți offer programmes in the following sports: Orienteering, volleyball, handgun shooting sports, equestrianism, basketball, handball, weightlifting, chess, swimming, canoeing, football, athletics, tourism.
Municipal Stadium "Olimpia Bălți Stadium" (home of the FC Olimpia Bălţi)  Olympic Swimming Pool "Central"  Olympic Swimming Pool "Volna" (open air)  FC Olimpia Bălți is a football club based in the city and plays in Moldova's top league, the Moldovan National Division  
The SportAccord has developed a definition of sport to determine whether an applicant federation qualifies as an international sports federation.
SportAccord's definition of Sport is the following definition:  The sport proposed should include an element of competition.
The sport should not rely on any element of “luck” specifically integrated into the sport.
The sport should not be judged to pose an undue risk to the health and safety of its athletes or participants.
The sport proposed should in no way be harmful to any living creature.
The sport should not rely on equipment that is provided by a single supplier.
SportAccord uses five categories for its member federations' sports, many of which fall into more than one category:  Primarily physical (e.g.
rugby or athletics)  Primarily mind (e.g.
chess or go)  Primarily motorised (e.g.
Formula One or powerboating)  Primarily coordination (e.g.
billiards)  Primarily animal-supported (e.g.
equestrianism)  
Barbie Horse Adventures is a series of video games based on Mattel's Barbie line of dolls.
The series is aimed at children and involves various aspects of equestrianism. 
The Queen's Award for Equestrianism is an annual British prize founded in 2005 and awarded “for outstanding services to equestrianism”.
Nominations are evaluated by a committee formed by chairmen of prominent equestrian associations.
Three names are suggested to the board of trustees of the British Horse Society who recommend a recipient to the Queen for ultimate approval.
Question: What did the film "The Act of Killing" win at the BAFTAs?
About the article "The Act of Killing", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Rank is a 2002 fourteen minute short film directed by David Yates.
It was nominated for the British Academy Film Award for Best Short Film at the BAFTAs. 
Despite having made only two series, the show was nominated for the 'Best Kids Entertainment Show' award at the Children's BAFTAs three times.
It failed to win each time. 
  "Leopard" won the Award for Innovation at the 1998 Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival  "Polar Bear" won the Best Factual Photography award at the 1998 BAFTAs  "Tiger: The Elusive Princess" won the Best Factual Photography award at the 2000 BAFTAs  A scene of a python swallowing an antelope whole, from "Serpent", won Best Factual Moment at the BBC's "2002 TV Moments" awards show  
"Inception" appeared on over 273 critics' lists of the top ten films of 2010, being picked as No.1 on 55 of those lists.
It was the second most mentioned film behind "The Social Network" and one of the most critically acclaimed films of 2010, alongside the former, "The King's Speech" and "Black Swan".
The film won many awards in technical categories, such as Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects, and the British Academy Film Awards for Best Production Design, Best Special Visual Effects and Best Sound.
In most of its artistic nominations, such as Film, Director and Screenplay at the Oscars, BAFTAs and Golden Globes, the film was defeated by "The Social Network" and "The King's Speech".
However, the film did win the two highest honors for a science fiction or fantasy film: the 2011 Bradbury Award for best dramatic production and the 2011 Hugo Award for best dramatic presentation, long form. 
Simone Signoret (; 25 March 192130 September 1985) was a French cinema actress often hailed as one of France's greatest film stars.
She became the first French person to win an Academy Award, for her role in "Room at the Top" (1959).
In her lifetime she also received a César, three BAFTAs, an Emmy, Cannes Film Festival recognition, the Silver Bear for Best Actress awards and a Golden Globe nomination.
Question: Christoffer Wilhelm Exkersberg taught at what location?
About the article "Denmark", section "Painting and photography".

Candidate passages:
Møller was a landscape painter and son of a potter.
Born in Faaborg, he grew up with a relative in Eckernförde in Schleswig.
Together with his fellow painter and friend Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Møller moved to Copenhagen in 1803 to study at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts.
At the Academy, he won the silver medal and was the first student of Nicolai Abildgaard, and later taught by Christian August Lorentzen. 
  July 22 – Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, painter and professor (born 1783)  
Gertner was born to a craftsman at the Holmen naval base.
He attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1831 to 1837 where he was one of the pupils of Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, known as the father of the Golden Age of Danish Painting.
Eckersberg taught him a naturalistic approach to painting, but Gertner went much further with inspiration from French art and the emerging techniques of photography.
His virtuosity in producing almost photographically precise portraits impressed many; in particular, his ability to reproduce textures and materials — crisp silk dresses, lustrous medals and jewellery, dark mahogany furniture, silky wallpapers, and soft carpets — won him much acclaim.
Others, such as the influential art historian and critic Niels Lauritz Høyen, who opposed any foreign influence on Danish painting, disapproved of his style, preferring more sincere and sensitive portrayals.
He was a professor at the Academy from 1858. 
Christoffer Eriksson was also selected as a reserve. 
  Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (1783–1853)  Heinrich Eddelien (1802–1852)  Ib Eisner (1925–2003)  Julius Exner (1825–1910)
Question: Who wrote the song Glad You Came?
About the article "Glad You Came", section "Background".

Candidate passages:
The music video for "Lightning" was director by Director X, the same director who produced the video for "Glad You Came".
The video was filmed in LA, and premiered on 22 September 2011, via The Wanted's YouTube channel.
The video features the members of the band performing during a rave, in a similar fashion to their "Glad You Came" video.
The video is set at night, and also features many explosions and kissing scenes. 
The song has received mixed reviews from music critics.
Robert Copsey of Digital Spy gave the song four out of five stars writing, "'I decided you look well on me/ So let's go somewhere no-one else can see/You and me,' they continue over a cantering beat and featherlight hook before launching into a carnival-inspired chorus fizzier than a frozen Daiquiri.
'My universe will never be the same/ I'm glad you came,' they croon on the outro.
The result is their catchiest effort since 'All Time Low', though on repeated listens we're not buying this innocent act they're sporting one bit."
David Griffiths wrote for 4Music that the song is "definitely their most danceable effort to date."
About.com's Bill Lamb gave to the song 3.5 out of 5 stars, writing that the song has "genial vocals", a "pop-dance beat" and a "catchy synth hook", but he also noted that it has "frothy lyrics" and "little memorable weight to the song".
He praised Max's solo in the beginning and also praised "the keyboard hook that nearly steals the show from the group."
To conclude, he wrote that "Glad You Came" is a cheerful, uptempo tune that is easy to dance with, and it is little more than that.
A review from "Trash Lounge" wrote that "its lyrics may not exude originality, but it has enough charisma and summer-friendly production to see it through."
A negative review came from "Unreality Shout" who wrote that it "showcases none of the previously heard pop excellence and instead we’ve been presented with another stale, indigestible chunk of boyband pop that’s been soaked in desperately saccharine niceness on the lyrical front."
The review also wrote that "it feels like The Wanted are fast moving away from their more charismatic roots (‘All Time Low’, or album track ‘Let’s Get Ugly’) and are instead peddling more disposable songs they’ve unwisely chosen as singles.
""Rolling Stone" named "Glad You Came" the forty-fourth best song of 2012, citing the group's "push at the genre's PG-13 rating with a club-bumper that dares to raise the specter of under age inebriation."
Maclean said the song came about by hearing her father up speaking, when he said "you can't run when you're holding suitcases."
Maclean co-wrote the song with Ian Eskelin, who also produced it as well. 
 "Color Outside the Lines" (1995) The Video Project (1990) - Includes "A Might Forgtress", "Easter Song", "Just As I Am", "That Hymn Thing", "I Am Not Ashamed", "In the First Light", "Be Ye Glad", "Still on the Side of Love" "Who Do You Love?"
(1987)
Question: When did Last Glacial Maximum happen?
About the article "Climate change", section "Precipitation".

Candidate passages:
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) refers to a period in the Earth's climate history when ice sheets were at their maximum extension, between 26,500 and 19,000–20,000 years ago, marking the peak of the last glacial period.
During this time, vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe and Asia.
These ice sheets profoundly impacted Earth's climate, causing drought, desertification, and a dramatic drop in sea levels.
It was followed by the Late Glacial Maximum. 
  Eurasia–North America "(~ 55 mya — end of last glacial maximum)  Eurasia–America (North and South) "(~ 15 mya — end of last glacial maximum)  Afro–Eurasia–America "(~ 5 mya — end of last glacial maximum)" –fossil evidence indicates intermittent existence from ~55 mya, now dependent on sea level.  
 Ibero-Maurusian Capsian culture  
The Pleistocene epoch lasted from 2.6 million years ago until 12,000 years ago.
During this period there were a number of glacial and inter-glacial periods.
During the glacial periods there were large drops in sea level, so the coast-line was greatly modified.
The final major cold spell occurred from 25,000 to 18,000 years ago and is known as the Last Glacial Maximum when the Fenno-Scandinavian ice sheet covered much of northern Europe while the Alpine ice sheet occupied significant parts of central-southern Europe.
However there were several less cold periods after this.
The epoch ends with the Younger Dryas when there were small ice sheets in Scotland and Scandinavia. 
It is believed that North Atlantic Deep Water formation has been dramatically reduced at times during the past (such as during the Younger Dryas or during Heinrich events), and that this might correlate with a decrease in the strength of the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic drift, in turn cooling the climate of northwestern Europe.
There is concern that global warming might cause this to happen again.
It is also hypothesized that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), NADW was replaced with an analogous watermass that occupied a shallower depth known as Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water (GNAIW).
Question: What year was the first chemotherapeutic agent discovered?
About the article "Chemotherapy", section "The term "chemotherapy"".

Candidate passages:
Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan and compound 606, is a drug that was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s as the first effective treatment for syphilis, and was also used to treat trypanosomiasis.
It is an organoarsenic molecule, and was the first modern chemotherapeutic agent. 
Chemotherapy is described in one dictionary entry as "the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs."
The word "chemotherapy" without a modifier usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical meaning is broader.
The term was historically used for non-oncological references, such as the use of antibiotics ("antibacterial chemotherapy").
The first modern chemotherapeutic agent was arsphenamine, an arsenic compound discovered in 1909 and used to treat syphilis.
This was later followed by sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and penicillin.
Other uses that have been termed chemotherapy are the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Despite, or possibly because of, its long-known toxicity, arsenic-containing potions and drugs have a history in medicine and quackery that continues into the 21st century.
Starting in the early 19th century and continuing into the 20th century, Fowler's solution, a toxic concoction of sodium arsenite, was sold.
The organoarsenic compound Salvarsan was the first synthetic chemotherapeutic agent, discovered by Paul Ehrlich.
The treatment, however, led to many problems, causing long lasting health complications.
Around 1943 it was finally superseded by penicillin.
"In vitro" studies suggest that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) inhibits the proliferation of myeloma cells via cell cycle arrest as well as triggering cell death.
These results suggest that arsenic trioxide may be a clinically useful treatment in patients with multiple myeloma or leukemia. 
  1961 developed patents for synthesis of vitamin A   1995 acute promyelocytic sphere of drug treatment leukemia Vesanoid was released.
1996 anti-viral chemotherapeutic agent Hivid released (HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor)   1997 HIV protease inhibitor Invirase released   1999 immunosuppressive agent Cellcept released   2000 Release of an antiemetic drug Kytril developed to combat the side effects of chemotherapy  2001 Produced an anti-influenza virus Tamiflu (Roche)   2001 Discovered a malignant lymphoma target molecule Rituxan   2001 Released Herceptin, a novel breast cancer therapeutic  
Coramsine is a chemotherapeutic and immunomodulating agent whose primary ingredients are two solasodine glycoalkaloids, solasonine and solamargine, which are derived from the plant "Solanum linnaeanum" (Devil's Apple).
Question: What are the anatomical details of an insect?
About the article "Anatomy", section "Insect anatomy".

Candidate passages:
Halictophagus are an insect genus of the family Halictophagidae. 
Halictophagidae are an insect family of the order Strepsiptera. 
 "This article is about the insect anatomical structure.
For the plant genus" Cenchrus "see" Sandbur The cenchrus (plural cenchri) is a specialized anatomical structure in the insect group known as sawflies.
The cenchri are small blister-like lobes on the metanotum of these insects, just posterior to the mesothoracic scutellum, shaped and positioned in such a way as to latch onto the base of the front wings when they are folded at rest.
There are corresponding small patches on the wings where the membrane is roughened, to increase the friction against the dorsal surface of the cenchri.
This is a unique mechanism among the insects. 
An insect growth regulator (IGR) is a substance (chemical) that inhibits the life cycle of an insect.
IGRs are typically used to control populations of harmful pests, such as cockroaches or fleas. 
The study of DMS currently remains controversial, as they are often coupled with many psychological disorders (i.e.
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, etc.).
Although there is a plethora of information on DMS, there are still many mysteries of the physiological and anatomical details of DMS.
An accurate semiological analysis of higher visual anomalies and their corresponding topographic sites may help elucidate the aetiology of Fregoli's and other misidentification disorders.