community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Who oversaw the restoration of Notre Dame de Paris in 1845?
About the article "Notre Dame de Paris", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Notre-Dame de Paris (; French for "Our Lady of Paris"), also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or simply Notre-Dame, is a historic Catholic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France.
The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world.
The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture.
As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame is the parish that contains the "cathedra", or official chair, of the archbishop of Paris, currently Cardinal André Vingt-Trois.
The cathedral treasury is notable for its reliquary which houses some of Catholicism's most important first-class relics including the purported Crown of Thorns, a fragment of the True Cross, and one of the Holy Nails.
In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered desecration during the radical phase of the French Revolution when much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed.
An extensive restoration supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc began in 1845.
A project of further restoration and maintenance began in 1991.
Notre Dame commonly refers to:  "Notre Dame" (Our Lady), a French title for the Blessed Virgin Mary  Notre Dame de Paris, the most famous church with this name  University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States * Notre Dame Fighting Irish football, athletic team of Univ.
of Notre Dame  Notre Dame Educational Association, a network of Notre Dame Schools in the Philippines It may also refer to: 
  Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, Lyon  Cathedral of Nôtre Dame, Amiens, Amiens Cathedral  Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Bayeux, Bayeux Cathedral  Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres, Chartres Cathedral  Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Rouen, Rouen Cathedral  Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cathedral  Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame, Melun, on rue de la Courtille on the île Saint-Etienne  Église Notre Dame de l'Assomption, Metz, situated on the Rue de la Chèvre  Église Notre-Dame la Grande, Poitiers, a Roman Catholic church in Poitiers, France  Notre-Dame de la Garde, Marseille  Notre-Dame de Nice, neo-Gothic basilica situated on the Avenue Jean-Médecin  Notre Dame de Paris, Gothic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité  Notre-Dame de Reims, Reims Cathedral  Notre Dame des Cyclistes, Labastide-d'Armagnac  Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp  
The Church Notre-Dame-de-Lorette is a neoclassical church in the 9th arrondissement of Paris.  
Notre-Dame-d'Auteuil is a church on the Auteuil hill in the 16e arrondissement de Paris.
Question: What was the adult literacy rate of Tunisia in 2008?
About the article "Tunisia", section "Education".

Candidate passages:
The adult literacy rate exceeds two thirds.
The male literacy rate exceeds the female literacy rate.
In 2004 the net primary enrolment rate was at 84%.
The National University of Laos is the Laos state's public university.
The total literacy rate is 73% (2010 estimate). 
According to the United Nations, the adult literacy rate for Yemen in 2007 is 40.5 percent for females and 77 percent for males.
The overall literacy rate for the population of ages 15 and older was 49 percent.
There has been improvement in literacy rate from 37.1 percent in 1994 to 58.9 percent in 2007.
By comparison, low-income countries on average have an adult literacy rate of approximately 60 percent. 
Science and technology.
The adult literacy rate in 2008 was 78%.
Education is given a high priority and accounts for 6% of GNP.
A basic education for children between the ages of 6 and 16 has been compulsory since 1991.
Tunisia ranked 17th in the category of "quality of the educational system" and 21st in the category of "quality of primary education" in The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-9, released by The World Economic Forum.
While children generally acquire Tunisian Arabic at home, when they enter school at age 6, they are taught to read and write in Standard Arabic.
From the age of 8, they are taught French while English is introduced at the age of 12.
The four years of secondary education are open to all holders of Diplôme de Fin d’Etudes de l’Enseignement de Base where the students focus on entering university level or join the workforce after completion.
The Enseignement secondaire is divided into two stages: general academic and specialized.
The higher education system in Tunisia has experienced a rapid expansion and the number of students has more than tripled over the past 10 years from approximately 102,000 in 1995 to 365,000 in 2005.
The gross enrollment rate at the tertiary level in 2007 was 31 percent, with gender parity index of GER of 1.5.
The table below shows the adult and youth literacy rates for India and some neighbouring countries in 2002.
Adult literacy rate is based on the 15+ years age group, while Youth literacy rate is for the 15–24 years age group (i.e.
youth is a subset of adults). 
Egypt has a relatively high literacy rate.
The adult literacy rate in 2010 was estimated at 72.0%.
Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 15 and free for all children to attend.
93% of children enter primary school today, compared with 87% in 1994.
Question: Define croissant.
About the article "Croissant", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
  doughnut mix  muffin mix  croissant mix  
The croissant appears to have originated in Vienna, Austria, in 1683. 
 Mickey Mouse "Croissant de Triomphe" (Customer)  
Croissants covered with a sweet glaze or filled with chocolate are common in bakeries and convenience stores. 
  "Southern Delights".
Croissant & Co, Ltd., 1984.
"Onliness".
Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
Question: How did IGN rate "The Dark Knight Rises"?
About the article "The Dark Knight Rises", section "Reception".

Candidate passages:
  Most Anticipated Movie - "The Dark Knight Rises"  
Tom Hiddleston – "The Avengers"  Javier Bardem – "Skyfall"  Leonardo DiCaprio – "Django Unchained"  Marion Cotillard – "The Dark Knight Rises"  Tom Hardy – "The Dark Knight Rises"  
 Batman ("Batman Begins"), Batman ("The Dark Knight"), and Batman ("The Dark Knight Rises") 3-pack (Toys R Us Exclusive)  
Skyfall "The Avengers" "The Bourne Legacy" "The Dark Knight Rises" "Looper"  
Skyfall "The Avengers" "The Dark Knight Rises" "Looper"
Question: What date did Wushu's bid get rejected?
About the article "Wushu (sport)", section "Wushu as an Olympic event".

Candidate passages:
The IWUF placed a bid to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to have wushu included in future Olympic Games, but did not meet with success.
However, the IOC allowed China to organize an international wushu event during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, but this event is not one of the 28 official Olympic sports, nor is it a demonstration event.
Instead, it was called the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Wushu Tournament.
Wushu was one of 8 sports that was considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
On May 29, 2013, Wushu's bid was rejected.
In 2011 Minmetals launched a $6.5 billion takeover bid for Equinox Minerals, a Canadian mining company.
It was the largest unsolicited takeover attempt by a Chinese mining company to date.
Equinox Minerals rejected the takeover offer, later accepting a 16% higher bid by Barrick Gold. 
The following is a list of stadiums that were considered at one time as part of the FPF–RFEF's bid to host the 2018/2022 FIFA World Cup, but did not make the final cut: 
The following is a list of stadiums that were considered at one time as part of the FFA's bid to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but did not make the final cut: 
 Florida Atlantic (6-6) became bowl eligible on November 29 after defeating FIU but did not get a bid to a bowl game.
Question: When did the indoor roller coaster at Univeral Studios Florida open?
About the article "Universal Studios Florida", section "New York".

Candidate passages:
Woody Woodpecker's Nuthouse Coaster is an attraction at Universal Studios Florida.
It is the park's first roller coaster and the first roller coaster constructed at Universal Orlando Resort.
The coaster was built in 1999, between the outside queue area for "E.T.
Adventure" and the former 1990 Hard Rock Cafe building.
The pretense is that guests are going on a wild ride through Woody Woodpecker's own Nut Factory. 
The ride operated at Cypress Gardens for two years, and the ride closed with the park's theme park attractions in November 2008.
It was the oldest roller coaster in Florida at the time.
When the Starliner closed at Cypress Gardens, Space Mountain became the oldest operating roller coaster in Florida. 
  The Incredible Hulk (roller coaster) – a roller coaster at Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida  Incredible Hulk (cocktail) – a green cocktail  
White Lightning is a wooden roller coaster at Fun Spot America in Orlando, Florida.
The custom-designed ride was manufactured by Great Coasters International.
The ride is Orlando's first wooden roller coaster. 
Projekt Helix is a steel launched roller coaster under construction located at Liseberg amusement park in Gothenburg, Sweden.
The roller coaster is scheduled to open on 26 April 2014.
Question: What color was it before in the artwork of Lady with an Ermine?
About the article "Lady with an Ermine", section "Conservation".

Candidate passages:
Ermine is an unincorporated community in Letcher County, Kentucky, United States.
Its ZIP Code is 41815.
A post office was established in the community in 1904.
The origins of the place name Ermine are unclear: it might have named for the first postmaster Ermine Webb, resident Ermine Hall, or resident Ermine Craft. 
The story was remade as an early talkie musical in Technicolor, "Bride of the Regiment" (1930), also released by First National and also considered a lost film.
It was remade again in 1948 by 20th Century-Fox as "That Lady in Ermine", starring Betty Grable and Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. 
During his last period of exile at the court of England (1377–1379), the Breton duke John V the Conqueror observed the functioning of the Order of the Garter.
Back in Brittany, in 1381, he created his own order.
The little we know of this order comes from Guillaume de St-André.
In 1448, it became the Order of the Ermine and the Ear of Grain (Ordre de l'Hermine et de l'Épi).
The ermine was a natural choice for the badge of his order, since the heraldic representation of its fur is the coat of arms of the Dukes of Brittany.
In medieval times the ermine was believed to risk capture or death rather than sully the purity of its white fur and thus a symbol of concern for the uncompromising integrity of one's personal honor.
Lodovico Sforza was member of this order since 1488, and the ermine in Leonardo's portrait Lady with an Ermine may be reference to it.
Ackermann mentions this chivalric order as historical order of France. 
Bride of the Regiment (1930) is an American musical film directed by John Francis Dillon filmed entirely in Technicolor.
The screenplay by Ray Harris and Humphrey Pearson is based on the book of the 1922 stage musical "The Lady in Ermine" by Frederick Lonsdale and Cyrus Wood, which had been adapted from the operetta "Die Frau im Hermelin" by Rudolph Schanzer and Ernst Welisch.
The story is a remake of a 1927 First National silent film, "The Lady in Ermine", that starred Corinne Griffith.
It was later remade by 20th Century-Fox as "That Lady in Ermine" (1948) starring Betty Grable and Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. 
The Order of the Ermine (L’Ordre de l’Hermine) was a chivalric order of the 14th and 15th centuries in the Duchy of Brittany.
The ermine is the emblem of Brittany.
In the 20th century, it was revived by the Cultural Institute of Brittany as an honor for those contributing to Breton culture.
Question: Describe a quantum.
About the article "Quantum", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
In atomic physics, the spin quantum number is a quantum number that parameterizes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of a given particle.
The spin quantum number is the fourth of a set of quantum numbers (the principal quantum number, the azimuthal quantum number, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number), which describe the unique quantum state of an electron and is designated by the letter . 
In atomic physics, the magnetic quantum number is the third of a set of quantum numbers (the principal quantum number, the azimuthal quantum number, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number) which describe the unique quantum state of an electron and is designated by the letter "m".
The magnetic quantum number denotes the energy levels available within a subshell. 
"Quantum flapdoodle" is a term reportedly coined by Murray Gell-Mann to describe "stringing together a series of terms and phrases from quantum physics and asserting that they explain something in our daily experience".
The term has been used by skeptics to describe quantum mysticism as espoused by people such as Deepak Chopra. 
The azimuthal quantum number is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital.
The azimuthal quantum number is the second of a set of quantum numbers which describe the unique quantum state of an electron (the others being the principal quantum number, following spectroscopic notation, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number).
It is also known as the orbital angular momentum quantum number, orbital quantum number or second quantum number, and is symbolized as ℓ (in Unicode: ). 
Quantum numbers describe values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of a quantum system.
In case of quantum numbers of electrons, they can be defined as "The sets of numerical values which give the acceptable solutions to Schrödinger wave equation for Hydrogen atom".
Perhaps the most important aspect of Quantum mechanics is the quantization of observable quantities, since quantum numbers are discrete sets of integers or half-integers.
This is distinguished from classical mechanics where the values can range continuously.
Quantum numbers often describe specifically the energies of electrons in atoms, but other possibilities include angular momentum, spin, etc.
Any quantum system can have one or more quantum numbers; it is thus difficult to list all possible quantum numbers.
Question: What section of the city was probably residential?
About the article "Machu Picchu", section "Layout".

Candidate passages:
Country Village is a residential enclave in the southwestern corner of the Greenville section of Jersey City, New Jersey that was built as planned community in the early 1960s.  
The Classen (Originally Citizens Bank Tower) is a skyscraper in the uptown section of Oklahoma City, near the city's Asia District.
The residential tower has 21 floors and is 287 feet tall.
The building was finished in 1967 as the headquarters of then Citizens National Bank.
The tower was recently renovated and now consists of residential apartments for rent.
It is currently the fourth tallest residential building in Oklahoma City. 
Apopka-Vineland Road is the name of several roads in Orange County, Florida, roughly forming a line from Apopka south to Vineland.
As of now, there is one gap, from Old Winter Garden Road to State Road 50 (Colonial Drive), which will probably never be filled because of existing residential neighborhoods.
The whole southern section from Vineland to Old Winter Garden Road is four lanes wide (the last section, from Florida's Turnpike to Old Winter Garden Road, was completed in 2005).
The north section from State Road 50 to A.D. Mims Road in Clarcona is newly constructed four lanes, but from there to Apopka the road remains two lanes.
North of McCormick Road the name changes to Clarcona Road.
This section will connect to the new John Land Apopka Expressway (Apopka Bypass) State Road 414 via Keene Road.
In the city of Apopka the name changes again to Park Avenue.  
The Graben traces its origin back to the old Roman encampment of "Vindobona".
The south-western wall of the settlement extended along the length of the present-day Graben and Naglergasse; before the wall lay a trench ("Graben").
This trench still stood in front of the medieval city walls.
At the end of the 12th century, the city was enlarged by the Babenberg Dukes, using the ransom money for Richard the Lionheart.
At this time the trench was filled in and levelled.
The Graben thereby became one of the first residential streets in the new section of the city.
In this area of the city large unbuilt areas were still available, which probably contributed to the maintenance of the name "Graben" up until the present day. 
Fresh Meadows is a residential neighborhood in the northeastern section of the New York City borough of Queens.
Question: Why was the statue of David removed from the piazza?
About the article "David (Michelangelo)", section "Later history".

Candidate passages:
The statue of Vittorio Emanuele II was removed in 1932 and moved to the Cascine.
In the postwar period the piazza changed its name to piazza della Repubblica.
In 1956 the Colonna dell'Abbondanza was re-sited.
The piazza is today a theatre of street-artists and impromptu exhibitions. 
In 1873 the statue of David was removed from the piazza, to protect it from damage, and displayed in the Accademia Gallery, Florence, where it attracts many visitors.
A replica was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in 1910.
In 1991, a man attacked the statue with a hammer he had concealed beneath his jacket, in the process damaging the toes of the left foot, before being restrained.
On 12 November 2010, a fiberglass replica of the "David" was installed on the roofline of Florence Cathedral, for one day only.
Photographs of the installation reveal the statue the way the "Operai" who commissioned the work originally expected it to be seen.
In 2010, a dispute over the ownership of David arose when, based on a legal review of historical documents, the Italian Culture Ministry claimed ownership of the statue in opposition to the city of Florence, where it has always been located.
Florence disputes the state claim.
Krinsen is an old form of the Danish word Krans, meaning "circle" or "wreath".
It is an elliptical parterre surrounding the statue of Christian V. The ellipse was a favoured geometrical shape at the time, an obvious example bing the elliptical pattern in the paving around the Marcus Aurelius statue at Piazza del Campidoglio.
Around the parterre, two rows of trees were planted.
In 1711, the garden complex was remodelled, before it was given up in 1747 the garden was removed to make room for military drils, with some of the trees being dug altogether up, leaving only the equestrian statue.
Some of the trees were dug up and reused for the establishment of the avenue Østre Allé.
New rows of elm trees were planted around the statue in 1855-56, but by 1998 they were dying from Dutch elm disease and removed.
In 2001, 80 lime trees were planted as part of a major refurbishment of the square. 
Piazza Colonna is a piazza at the center of the Rione of Colonna in the historic heart of Rome, Italy.
It is named for the marble Column of Marcus Aurelius which has stood there since 193 CE.
The bronze statue of Saint Paul that crowns the column was placed in 1589, by order of Pope Sixtus V. The Roman Via Lata (now the Via del Corso) runs through the piazza's eastern end, from south to north. 
Piazza della Minerva is a piazza in Rome, Italy, near the Pantheon.
Its name derives from the existence of a temple built on the site by Pompey dedicated to Minerva Calcidica, whose statue is now in the Vatican Museums.
Question: How many fountains are located in the Golden Gate Park
About the article "Golden Gate Park", section "Music Concourse Area".

Candidate passages:
 Golden Gate, Florida, a CDP in Collier County, Florida Golden Gate, Martin County, Florida, an unincorporated community and the location of the historic Golden Gate Building built in 1925 Golden Gate, Illinois Golden Gate Canyon in Yellowstone National Park  
  The Golden Gate, the strait connecting San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean in the United States  The Golden Gate Bridge, which extends across the Golden Gate strait  Golden Gate Park in San Francisco  Golden Gate National Recreation Area, a national park in the San Francisco Bay Area  Golden Gate, Oakland, California, a neighborhood  Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary in Mill Valley, California  
Jinnah Park is a park in the city of Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
The park is located on the Jail Road and houses a McDonald's franchisee and Cinepax exhibition centre.
It also has a dedicated play area, lawns, fountains, flower beds and a jogging track stretched across the boundary wall.
The park contains many good restaurants such as McDonald's papa salis and Diva restaurant.
There are few cricket pitches and big COSMO cash and carry store. 
  Heydar Aliyev Park: contains trees, flowers, fountains, lights, cafes, and tea-houses.
The Heydar Aliyev Museum, the Khazar Cinema-Clubare all located in this park.
Park of Culture and Rest: contains statues of different animals, artificial ponds stocked with colorful fish, rivers, and fountains.
Khachmaz city library, Carpet Museum, Post Office, and several cafes are located within the park.  
 Park.
Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, is a large urban park consisting of 1017 acres (4.1 km², 1.6 mi²) of public grounds.
Configured as a rectangle, it is similar in shape but 174 acres (0.7 km², 0.27 mi²) larger than Central Park in New York, to which it is often compared.
With 13 million visitors annually, Golden Gate is the fifth most visited city park in The United States after Central Park in New York City, Lincoln Park in Chicago, and Balboa Park and Mission Bay Park in San Diego.
It is not adjacent to the Golden Gate strait.
Question: What is the width of the mangetosphere of the Earth?
About the article "Aurora", section "Solar wind and the magnetosphere".

Candidate passages:
The Atwood Dam is rolled earth fill with impervious core; high, long, with a top width of , and a base width of . 
The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV.
!width="5%"| Year!width="25%"| Act!width="35%"| Nominated work!width="50%"| Award!width="10%"| Result 
This is the list of fonts originally released:  Anorexia (9x11 variable width)  Aqui (12x13 variable width)  Cure (6x10 fixed width)  Drift (6x11 fixed width)  Edges (5x10 fixed width)  Gelly (9x10 variable width)  Glisp-bold (10x11 variable width)  Glisp (9x11 variable width)  Kates (7x14 fixed width)  Lime (5x10 fixed width)  Mints-mild (9x9 variable width)  Mints-strong (9x9 variable width)  Nu (7x9 variable width)  Smoothansi (6x13 fixed width)  Snap (9x10 variable width)  
First Team Statistics.
First Team Goalscoring Statistics.
Includes all competitive matches.
The list is sorted by shirt number when total goals are equal.
!width=15|'!width=15|'!width=15|!width=15|!width=150|Name!width=80|S-League!width=80|RHB Singapore Cup!width=80|Starhub League Cup!width=80|Total "4 of Moon Soon-Ho's goals (3 in the S. League and 1 in the Singapore Cup) were scored via penalty kicks.  
Relegations is determined at the end of the season by computing an average () of the number of points earned per game over the past three seasons.
The two teams with the lowest average is relegated to the División Intermedia for the following season.
!width=28| Pos !
!width=185| Team !
!width=50| 2011Pts !
!width=50| 2012Pts !
!width=50| 2013Pts !
!width=50| TotalPts !
!width=50| TotalPld !
!width=50| Avg !!
Relegation