Question: What gives the opposing team a free throw?
About the article "Basketball", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
In basketball, free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points from a restricted area on the court (the free throw line; informally known as the foul line), and are generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team.
Each successful free throw is worth one point. 
The ball becomes dead and a throw-in is awarded to the opposing team out of bounds nearest the point where the violation took place under NCAA and NFHS rules.
Under NBA rules, the ball is awarded to the opposing team at the nearest spot but no closer to the baseline than the free throw line extended. 
Under NCAA and NFHS rules, if a double dribble violation occurs, then the ball is awarded to the opposing team out of bounds nearest the point where the violation took place.
Under NBA rules, the ball is awarded to the opposing team at the nearest spot, but no closer to the baseline than the free throw line extended. 
Penalties – For infractions of the rules, a team is penalized by bonuses being rewarded to the opposing team.
And one – The free throw awarded to a shooter who is fouled while scoring.
Bonus – under NCAA and NFHS rules, a team is "in the bonus" when its opponent has seven, eight or nine team fouls in a half and so gains a "one and one" opportunity on each non-shooting foul.
The opposing team is "over the limit."
See also "double bonus" and "penalty".
Double bonus – (NCAA and NFHS) when a team accumulates 10 or more fouls in a half, the other team is "in the double bonus", earning two free throws on each subsequent non-shooting foul by the defense.
See also "bonus" and "penalty".
Free throw – a bonus awarded upon being fouled by a member of the opposing team, in which a player gets to stand at the free throw line unopposed and attempt to make a basket while everyone else is required to stand aside until the shot is over.
In cases where more than one free throw is awarded, the other players must wait until after the last shot is executed before play resumes.
Penalty – once a team reaches a set number of team fouls in a playing period, varying by governing body, the fouled team gets free throws instead of possession of the ball.
The fouling team is "over the limit."
See also "bonus" and "double bonus".
One-and-one – (NCAA and NFHS) A free-throw attempt which, if made, allows the player a second free-throw attempt.
See also "bonus".
Turnover – A loss of possession.  
The referees may award a special throw to a team.
This usually happens after certain events such as scored goals, off-court balls, turnovers and timeouts.
All of these special throws require the thrower to obtain a certain position, and pose restrictions on the positions of all other players.
Sometimes the execution must wait for a whistle blow by the referee.
Throw-off: A throw-off takes place from the center of the court.
The thrower must touch the middle line with one foot, and all the other offensive players must stay in their half until the referee restarts the game.
The defending players must keep a distance of at least three meters from the thrower.
A throw-off occurs at the beginning of each period and after the opposing team scores a goal.
It must be cleared by the referees.
Modern handball introduced the "fast throw-off" concept; i.e., the play will be immediately restarted by the referees as soon as the executing team fulfills its requirements.
Many teams leverage this rule to score easy goals before the opposition has time to form a stable defense line.
Throw-in: The team which did not touch the ball last is awarded a throw-in when the ball fully crosses the side line or touches the ceiling.
If the ball crosses the outer goal line, a throw-in is awarded only if the defending field players touched the ball last.
Execution requires the thrower to place one foot on the nearest outer line to the cause.
All defending players must keep a distance of three meters.
However, they are allowed to stand immediately outside their own goal area even when the distance is less than three meters.
Goalkeeper-throw: If the ball crosses the outer goal line without interference from the defending team or when deflected by the defending team's goalkeeper, or when the attacking team violates the D-zone as described above, a goalkeeper-throw is awarded to the defending team.
This is the most common turnover.
The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from anywhere within the goal area.
Free-throw: A free-throw restarts the play after an interruption by the referees.
It takes places from the spot where the interruption was caused, as long as this spot is outside of the free-throw line of the opposing team.
In the latter case, the throw is deferred to the nearest spot on the free-throw line.
Free-throws are the equivalent to free-kicks in association football; however, making them is typically not seen as poor sportsmanship for the defending side, and in itself, they carry no major disadvantages.
(In particular, being awarded a free throw while being on warning for passive play will not reset the warning, whereas a shot on goal will.)
The thrower may take a direct attempt for a goal which, however, is rarely feasible if the defending team has organised a defense.
However, if a free throw is awarded and the half or game ends, a direct throw at the goal is typically attempted, which occasionally goes in.
Seven-meter throw: A seven-meter throw is awarded when a clear chance of scoring is illegally prevented anywhere on the court by an opposing team player, official, or spectator.
It is awarded also when the referees have interrupted a legitimate scoring chance for any reason.
The thrower steps with one foot behind the seven-meter line with only the defending goalkeeper between him and the goal.
The goalkeeper must keep a distance of three meters, which is marked by a short tick on the floor.
All other players must remain behind the free-throw line until execution.
The thrower must await the whistle blow of the referee.
A seven-meter throw is the equivalent to a penalty kick in association football; however, it is far more common and typically occurs several times in a single game.