Question: What could therapeutic cloning potentially create?
About the article "Cloning", section "Ethical issues of cloning".

Candidate passages:
Kahn has said: "But, from the ethical point of view, I'm totally opposed -for some reasons- to the legitimisation of the cloning-based reproduction of human beings.
This authorisation would entitle some individuals to create human beings in their own image… This kind of subjection -even though it is only corporal- is intolerable.
What could give somebody the right to choose the sex, the eyes' or hair's colour, the chin's shape or any other characteristic of a human being?
As a consequence, I see no reason for legitimating reproductive cloning.
As regards therapeutic cloning, a problem can be pointed out: before making a supposedly therapeutic cloning, a human-cloning technique must be found."
He has also said that therapeutic cloning simply will not work. 
 stem cells.
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, known as SCNT, can also be used to create embryos for research or therapeutic purposes.
The most likely purpose for this is to produce embryos for use in stem cell research.
This process is also called "research cloning" or "therapeutic cloning."
The goal is not to create cloned human beings (called "reproductive cloning"), but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat disease.
While a clonal human blastocyst has been created, stem cell lines are yet to be isolated from a clonal source.
Therapeutic cloning is achieved by creating embryonic stem cells in the hopes of treating diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s.
The process begins by taking out the nucleus (containing the DNA) from an egg cell and putting in it a nucleus from the adult cell to be cloned.
In the case of someone with Alzheimer’s disease, the nucleus from a skin cell of that patient is placed into an empty egg.
The reprogrammed cell begins to develop into an embryo because the egg reacts with the transferred nucleus.
The embryo will become genetically identical to the patient.
The embryo will then form a blastocyst which has the potential to form/become any cell in the body.
The reason why SCNT is used for cloning is because somatic cells can be easily acquired and cultured in the lab.
This process can either add or delete specific genomes of farm animals.
A key point to remember is that cloning is achieved when the oocyte maintains its normal functions and instead of using sperm and egg genomes to replicate, the oocyte is inserted into the donor’s somatic cell nucleus.
The oocyte will react on the somatic cell nucleus, the same way it would on sperm cells.
The process of cloning a particular farm animal using SCNT is relatively the same for all animals.
The first step is to collect the somatic cells from the animal that will be cloned.
The somatic cells could be used immediately or stored in the laboratory for later use.
The hardest part of SCNT is removing maternal DNA from an oocyte at metaphase II.
Once this has been done, the somatic nucleus can be inserted into an egg cytoplasm.
This creates a one-cell embryo.
The grouped somatic cell and egg cytoplasm are then introduced to an electrical current.
This energy will hopefully allow the cloned embryo to begin development.
The successfully developed embryos are then placed in surrogate recipients, such as a cow or sheep in the case of farm animals.SCNT is seen as a good method for producing agriculture animals for food consumption.
It successfully cloned sheep, cattle, goats, and pigs.
Another benefit is SCNT is seen as a solution to clone endangered species that are on the verge of going extinct.
However, stresses placed on both the egg cell and the introduced nucleus are enormous, leading to a high loss in resulting cells.
For example, the cloned sheep Dolly was born after 277 eggs were used for SCNT, which created 29 viable embryos.
Only three of these embryos survived until birth, and only one survived to adulthood.
As the procedure currently cannot be automated, and has to be performed manually under a microscope, SCNT is very resource intensive.
The biochemistry involved in reprogramming the differentiated somatic cell nucleus and activating the recipient egg is also far from being well-understood.
In SCNT, not all of the donor cell's genetic information is transferred, as the donor cell's mitochondria that contain their own mitochondrial DNA are left behind.
The resulting hybrid cells retain those mitochondrial structures which originally belonged to the egg.
As a consequence, clones such as Dolly that are born from SCNT are not perfect copies of the donor of the nucleus. 
President George W. Bush said that human cloning was "deeply troubling" to most Americans.
Kansas Republican Sam Brownback said that Congress should ban all human cloning, while some Democrats were worried that Clonaid announcement would lead to the banning of therapeutic cloning.
FDA biotechnology chief Dr. Phil Noguchi warned that the human cloning, even if it worked, risked transferring sexually transmitted diseases to the newly born child.
The White House was also critical of the claims.
Panos Zavos, a former professor of the University of Kentucky, at the time had plans to create human clone embryos, but he stated to the effect that Clonaid's claims were without merit and that Eve did not exist.
Severino Antinori, who had worked with Zavos on the development of human clone embryos, was critical of Clonaid's announcement, and said of it that, "An announcement of this type has no scientific corroboration and risks creating confusion."
Robert Lanza of Advanced Cell Technologies said that Clonaid has no record of accomplishment for cloning anything, but he said that if Clonaid actually succeeded, there would be public unrest that may lead to the banning of therapeutic cloning, which has the capacity to cure millions of patients.
The Vatican said that the claims expressed a mentality that was brutal and lacked ethical consideration.
The Christian Coalition of America urged a human cloning ban and saw the alleged clone baby as an "aberration".
University of Wisconsin–Madison bioethicist Alta Charo said that even in other ape-like mammals, the risk for miscarriage, birth defects, and life problems remains high.
Arthur Caplan, the director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania, expressed concerns that many dead and sick children could result from the cloning of human beings. 
In bioethics, the ethics of cloning refers to a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning.
While many of these views are religious in origin, the questions raised by cloning are faced by secular perspectives as well.
Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive cloning are not commercially used; animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production.
Advocates support development of therapeutic cloning in order to generate tissues and whole organs to treat patients who otherwise cannot obtain transplants, to avoid the need for immunosuppressive drugs, and to stave off the effects of aging.
Advocates for reproductive cloning believe that parents who cannot otherwise procreate should have access to the technology.
Opponents of cloning have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe, that it could be prone to abuse (leading to the generation of humans from whom organs and tissues would be harvested), and have concerns about how cloned individuals could integrate with families and with society at large.
Religious groups are divided, with some opposing the technology as usurping God's place and, to the extent embryos are used, destroying a human life; others support therapeutic cloning's potential life-saving benefits. 
Much of the concern related to human cloning stems from a fear of overstepping the bounds of the natural order.
Through the act of creating another human being, Christians have also posed the question as to whether this would be too much like playing God.
Not only this, but some Christian ethicists argue that human cloning would "create substantial issues of identity and individuality."
This could be seen through the confusion of the child resulting from cloning as to who his parents are, what connection he has to his genetic duplicate, etc.