Question: What period of time does Arabic writing go back to?
About the article "Tunisia", section "Literature".

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Shams is the Arabic word for "sun" (شمس).
The word has roots that go back to at least the time of the writing of the Epic of Gilgamesh, which references the Akkadian deity called Shamash.
The word may refer to: 
Most of what is known of the author, Yusuf al-Shirbini, comes from his own writing in "Hazz al-quhuf" and another short work, the only 2 surviving texts he authored; he does not appear in any of the biographies of his time.
Yusuf al-Shirbini was born in the first half of the 17th century in Shirbin, a small village in North East Gharbiyya province on the Damietta branch of the Nile in Egypt.
He was well-versed in the Arabic science and literature of his day and claimed to have been inspired by Ibn Sudun, the 15th-century Cairene author of "Nuzhat al-nufus wa mudhik al-'abus" (The Entertainment of Souls and Bringing a Smile to a Scowling Face).
Scholars suggest that al-Shirbini was part of an educated urban middle class of ulama ( "", "scholars") who moved from the countryside to the city during this period. 
 ababol: Poppy.
In Aragon, Navarre, Albacete and Murcia.
From Andalusian Arabic "Happapáwr", a fusion of the Arabic word "Hab" (حب) "seed" and the Latin "papāver".
abacero: owner of an abacería, small food shop.
From Andalusi Arabic "*ṣaḥb azzád" (صاحب الزاد) "owner of supplies."
abadí: descendant/lineage of "Mohammed ben Abad", founder of the Taifa Kingdom of Seville in the 11th century AD.
From Andalusi Arabic " 'abbādī" (عبّادي).
abalorio: cheap jewellery or jewellery beads.
From Andalusi Arabic " al ballúri لبلوري "(made of) glass From Classical Arabic: billawr.
Ultimately from Greek βήρυλλος, "beryl" abarraz: stavesacre ("Delphinium staphisagria"), a medicinal plant.
From Andalusi Arabic "ḥább arrás" (حب الرأس) "head seeds."
abasí: pertaining to the Abbasid dynasty, which overthrew the Umayyads in the 8th century.
abelmosco: musk seeds, an aromatic plant.
From Andalusi Arabic "ḥabb al musk" (حب المسك) literally "musk seeds."
Classical Arabic: ḥabbu 'l musk.
abencerraje: used in expression: ""Zegríes y abencerrajes"", which means "partisans of opposite interests".
The "Abencerrajes" (in Arabic "") was an Arabic family of the Kingdom of Granada, rivals of the Zegríes in the 15th century.
abenuz: ebony.
From Arabic "abanus" (أبنوس) of the same meaning.
abismal: screw in head of a spear.
From Arabic "al-mismar" (المسمار) "nail."
abitaque: a cut of wood used in construction of a certain shape and dimension.
From Arabic "Tabaqa" (طبقة) "layer" or "intermediate chamber."
acebibe: raisin.
From Arabic "zabib" (زبيب) of the same meaning.
acebuche: wild olive tree, or wood from such a tree.
From Andalusi Arabic "".
aceche: copper, iron or zinc sulphate.
From Hisp-Ar.
*azzáj, < az-zāj, < From Classical Arabic الزاج az-zāj.
aceifa: Muslim summer military expedition.
From Arabic "صيف/Saif" "summer".
aceite: oil.
From Arabic "az-zayt" (الزيت) "oil."
aceituna: olive.
From Arabic الزيتون ("az-zaytun") "olive."
aceituní: precious cloth from the Orient.
From Arabic "az-zaytuni", a possible adaptation of the Chinese city Tsö-Thung.
acelga: Chard.
From Arabic "as-silqa" of the same meaning.
acémila: beast of burden; tax formerly paid in Spain.
From Arabic "az-zamilah" "beast of burden."
acemite: wheat husk; a type of wheat porridge.
From Arabic "as-samid" (السميد).
acenefa see cenefa.
aceña: watermill.
From Arabic "as-saniyah" "the lifter."
acequia: irrigation canal.
From Arabic "as-saqiyah" (الساقية)"the irrigator."
acerola: fruit of the trees "Malpighia emarginata" or "M. glabra", generally found in the Americas, of the Malpighiaceae family.
This should be differentiated from the European Service Tree ("Sorbus domestica"), family Rosaceae.
From Arabic "zu 'rūrah" (زعرورة).
Originally from Syriac "za‘rārā".
acetre: bucket or cauldron used to extract water from a well; small cauldron used to spray holy water in Christian liturgy.
From Arabic "as-saTl" (السطل).
aciar: (or acial): instrument used to keep farm-animals still by squeezing their ear or snout.
From Arabic "az-ziyār".
acíbar: aloe (both the plant and its bitter juice); bitterness, grief, distaste.
From Arabic "aS-Sabr" (الصّبر).
acicalar: to clean or polish (Acicalarse in reflexive form); to make oneself look good by combing, shaving etc.
From Arabic "aS-Siqal", an instrument used for polishing things.
acicate: spurs or the spikes on spurs; incentive.
From Arabic "(Muzil) as-siqaT" "what takes away weaknesses."
acidaque: Muslim dowry.
From Arabic "as-Sidaq", dowry in Islamic law.
acimut: azimuth, an astrological concept - the angle with which the meridian forms a vertical circle which passes through a point in the globe.
From Arabic "assumut" plural of "samt".
ación: handle on the stirrup.
From Arabic "suyūr" (سيور), plural of "sayr" (سير) "strap."
acirate: line of soil used to separate different plots of land; path between two lines of trees.
From Arabic "SirāT" (صراط).
acitara or citara: thin wall, normally on a bridge.
From Arabic "sitārah" (ستارة), wall to avoid falls.
achacar: to blame.
From Arabic "tashakkà" (تشكى): to complain or to blame.
adafina: pot used by Hebrews to cook.
It is buried in embers on Friday night, where it cooks until Saturday.
From Arabic: "dafina" (دفينة) "buried."
adalid: leader; general of Spanish militia.
From Arabic "dalil" (دليل).
adaraja: each of the gaps made by the bricks in a horizonally unfinished wall.
From "daraja" (درجة).
adarga: leather shield.
From Arabic "daraqah".
adárgama:(rarely used today) flour.
From Arabic "darmaka".
adarme: small portion of something; type of measurement.
From Arabic "dirham" (درهم).
adarvar: to shock.
From Arabic "darb" (ضرب) "blow."
adarve: wall of a fortress; protection, defense.
From Arabic "darb" (ضرب) adaza: sorghum.
From Arabic "duqsah".
adefera: a small, square wall or floor tile.
From Arabic "add-ddafeera".
adehala: that which is granted or taken as obligatory with the price in the leasing or sale of a property.
From Mozarabic "ad ihala" and originally from Arabic "ihala" "offering credit."
adelfa: oleander.
From Arabic "ad-difla" (الدفلى) of the same meaning.
ademán: gesticulation which expresses the will to do something.
From Arabic "aD-Daman" (الضمان), literally meaning legal guarantees.
The change of meaning is due to the exaggerated promises and gesticulations which were offered in such a plea.
ademe: wooden structures used to strengthen tunnels in mines.
From Arabic "di'mah".
aderra: cord used to press grapes or olives in order to obtain their juice.
From Andalusi Arabic "ad-dirra" a noose or cord used to punish those who were guilty of fraud.
adiafa: present or refreshment given to sailors when back from a voyage.
From Arabic "Diyafa" (ضيافة) "present of hospitality."
adivas: a disease provoking throat inflammation in animals.
From Arabic "aD-Dibbah" "wolverine" - which is the old Arabic name for this disease.
adive: a type of canid similar to a fox.
From Arabic "di'b" (ذئب).
adobe: brick made from clay.
From Arabic "at-tuba" (الطوبة from Coptic "tôbe") of the same meaning, and from "ad-dabba".
adoquín: paving-stone, cobble; block.
From Arabic "Dukkan" bench of rock or wood.
ador: in regions where water for irrigation is restricted and shared out by local authorities, irrigation-time for each farm/field.
From Arabic "dawr".
aduana: customs house; customs.
From Arabic "diwan" (ديوان).
aduar: semi-permanent rural settlement, normally used for Gypsies, bedouins or Amerindians in South America.
From Bedouin Arabic "duwwar".
adúcar: type of silk made from the outside of the silk-worm's cocoon.
From Andalusi Arabic "Haduqa".
adufe:tambourine used by Spanish Muslims.
From Arabic "Duff" (دف).
adul: in Morocco, asessor of the "Cadí".
From Arabic "adl" "trustworthy person."
adula: see dula.
adunia: (adverb) lots.
From Andalusi Arabic "addunya", originally from classical Arabic "duniya" (الدنيا) "the (whole) world."
adutaque: same meaning as adárgama.
From Arabic "duqaq" (دقاق) "fine flour."
afán: effort; desire; zeal.
From afanar.
afanar: to steal; to work with passion.
From Arabic "" (فناء) "extinction", "annihilation through passion."
aguajaque: the whitish resin of fennel.
From Arabic "aw-washaq" "contaminated with water."
agüela: Renta de los derechos sobre préstamos consignados en documento público.
From Arabic "Hawalah".
ajabeba: Moorish flute.
From Classical Arabic "sabbabah".
ajaquefa: Roof.
Same origin as "Azaquefa".
ajaraca: Ornamental loop in Andalusian and Arabic architecture.
From Andalusi Arabic "Ash-sharakah" "loop".
ajarafe: terrace.
From Classical Arabic "saraf" "commanding height."
ajebe: Alum; Para rubber tree.
From Arabic "as-Shabb".
ajedrea: plant in the genus "Satureja" (family Lamiaceae), about three decimeters in height, with many branches and dark, narrow leaves.
It is cultivated as an ornamental in gardens.
From Arabic "assariyya" or "assiriyya", ultimately from Latin "satureia".
ajedrez: chess.
From Arabic "ash shatranj" (الشطرنج) which is from Persian "Shatranj" from the Sanskrit "Chaturang" (four armed) as was the shape of the original chess board in India ajenuz: nutmeg flower or Roman Coriander ("Nigella sativa").
From Andalusi Arabic "Shanuz" and ultimately Classical Arabic "Shuniz".
ajimez: bent; window divided in the center by a vertical divider; salient balcony done of wood and with lattice windows.
From Arabic "samis".
ajomate: pluricellular alga formed by very thin filaments, without knots, bright and of intense green color.
It abounds in fresh waters of Spain.
From Classical Arabic "gumam".
ajonjolí: sesame; herbaceous, annual plant of the family of the Pedaliaceae, a meter high, straight stem, serrate and almost triangular leaves, white or rosy corolla, and fruit with four delicate, yellowish, oily and edible capsules and many seeds.
From Classical Arabic "gulgulan" "sesame."
ajorca: bangle; type of gold hoop, silver or another metal, used by the women to adorn the wrists, arms or the feet.
From Classical Arabic "shuruk", ultimately from the word "shirāk" "strap."
ajorrar: To drag, to tow.
See Jorro.
ajuagas: equine animal ulcers.
From Classical Arabic "shuqaq".
ajuar: a collection of household and personal items (clothes, furniture, jewelry etc...) which women in Spain traditionally prepare from a young age for the day in which they marry and move in with their husband.
From Arabic "Shawar".
alacena: cupboard.
From Classical Arabic "ẖizānah" (خزانة).
alacet: foundation of a building.
From Classical Arabic "asas" (أساس).
alacrán: scorpion.
From Classical Arabic "aqrab" (عقرب) of same meaning.
aladar: Tuft of hair which falls on either side of the head.
From Arabic "idar".
aladroque: Anchovy.
From Andalusi Arabic "Al Hatruk", "big mouthed".
alafa: wage; pay.
From Classical Arabic "alafah" "subsistence allowance."
alafia: grace; pardon; mercy.
From Andalusian Arabic "al afya" ultimately from Classical Arabic "afiyah" (عافية) "health."
alahílca: tapestry to adorn the walls.
Perhaps of "alailaca" from Andalusian Arabic "ilaqa", and this of Classical Arabic "ilāqah" (علاقة) perhaps meaning "hanger."
alajor: Tax which was paid to owners of land where buildings were built.
From Arabic "Ashur", period of ten days before Easter when debts were paid and alms were given.
alajú: Andalusian cake made of almonds, nuts, pine nuts, bread, spices and cooked honey.
From "al Hashu" "filling".
alamar: A type of decorative attachment which is buttoned on clothing.
From Andalusi Arabic "Alam", decoration (in clothes).
alambique: alembic.
From Arabic "al-anbiq" "the cup/container holding water", in turn fr Greek.
alambor: Two meanings in Spanish with two different etymologies.
1)Embankment, from Andalusi Arabic Harabul "rim", from classical Arabic verb "Hawwala", "to alter".
2) Type of Orange tree.
From Catalan "l'ambor", singular of "els zambors", derived from Andalusi Arabic "Azzambu".
alamín: Village judge who decided on irrigation distribution or official who measured weights.
From Arabic "al amin".
alamud: Steel bar used to close windows.
From Arabic "amud".
alaqueca: A type of blood-coloured quartz.
From Arabic 'aqiq.
alárabe: Arab.
From Andalusi Arabic (maintaining the definite article "al arabi".
alarde/alardear: To boast/to show off.
From Arabic ,show (Alaard العرض) alarife: 1)Architect 2) Builder (in mining) 2) Astute or quick witted person (in Argentina and Uruguay).
From Arabic "al 'arif": The expert.
alarije (uva): A type of grape.
From Arabic "al'aris".
alaroz: Crossbar which divides a window or a door.
From Arabic "al'arud": Obstacle placed to block entry.
alaroza: Fiancée or newly wed wife.
From Arabic Andalusi Arabic "al arusa".
alatar: Drug, spice or perfume dealer.
From Arabic "al attar".
alatrón: Nitrate foam.
From Arabic "nattrun".
alazán/alazano: Reddish cinnamon coloured.
(Used commonly to describe horses).
From Arabic "al ashab".
alazor: safflower.
From Arabic "al usfur".
albacara: Wall around a fortress (within which cattle were normally kept.
From Arabic "bab al-baqqara" The cattle door.
"baqara" (بقرة) means "cow" in Arabic.
albacea: executor (of a will).
From Andalusi Arabic "Sahb al Wassiya" (صاحب الوصية); "the owner of the will".
albacora: Albacore.
From Arabic "al-bakura" "premature" or "al-bakrah" "young camel."
albadena: Type of tunic or silk dress.
From Arabic "badan": Type of shirt which covers the torso.
albahaca: Basil.
From Arabic "habaqah".
albahío: Pale yellowish colour (used commonly for cattle).
From Arabic "bahi": Shining.
albalá: Official document.
From Arabic "al bara'ah".
albaida: Anthyllis cystoides (Flowering plant).
From Arabic "al baida": "The white one".
albanega:1) Net used for hair.
2) Rabbit trap.
From Arabic "al baniqa".
albañal: Sewer.
From Andalusi Arabic "al ballá": "Swallower".
albañil: Construction worker.
From Andalusi Arabic "al banni".
Originally from classical Arabic "banna".
albaquía: The remainder.
From Arabic "al-baqi" (الباقي) of the same meaning.
albarán: Invoice.
From Arabic "al-bara'ah".
albarazo: Vitiligo.
From Andalusi Arabic "Al-Barash".
albarda: Pack-saddle.
From Arabic "al-barda'ah".
albardán: Clown or fool.
From Andalusi Arabic "albardán": "insolent".
Originally from Classical Arabic "bardan": "Idiot (Cold headed)".
albardín: Plant endemic to the Spanish steppes, similar in nature and use to Esparto.
From Arabic "al-bardi": "papyrus".
albaricoque: Apricot.
From Arabic "al-barqouq" (البرقوق) "plum" or "early-ripe."
albarrada: 1) Same meaning as alcarraza (Clay vase).
2) Stone Wall.
From Arabic al-barradah: "the cooler".
albarrán: 1) Farm boy 2) Shepherd 3)Person with no fixed residence.
From Andalusi Arabic "al-barrani": "Outsider".
albatoza: Small, covered boat.
From Arabic "al-gattosha": grebe (Due to the Arabic custom of giving names of birds to vessels.
albayalde: Cerrusite.
From Arabic "al-bayad".
albéitar: Vet.
From Arabic "al-baytar".
albenda: Decorated white linen.
From Arabic "al-band".
alberca: Water deposit for irrigation.
In Mexico and Honduras it is also the term of choice for swimming pool.
From Arabic "al-birka".
albérchigo: Apricot tree.
From Andalusi Arabic "albershiq".
albihar: Mayweed.
From Arabic "Al-Bahar".
albitana: 1)Fence to protect plants in gardening.
2) Prolongation of the keel or stern post of a ship.
From Arabic "al-bitana".
alboaire: The craft of decorating churches and domes with "azulejos".
From Andalusi Arabic "al buhaira": Lagoon.
albogue: Single-reed clarinet used in Spain.
From Arabic "al-bûq" (البوق): The horn or the trumpet.
alboheza: Malva, from Andalusi Arabic "Hubayza".
albohol: Morning glory, from Andalusi Arabic "al hubuul": "rope".
albollón: Drainage or sewage.
From Mozarabic "Ballaón" and ultimately from Classical Arabic "balla'ah".
albóndiga: Meatball; ball.
From Arabic "al-bunduqa" (البندقة) "the ball."
albórbola: Joy, celebratory noise.
From Arabic "walwalah".
alborga: Matweed sandal.
From Arabic albúlḡa albornía: A type of large vase.
From Arabic "barniya".
albornoz: Bath-robe.
From "al-burnos" (البرنس); "bathrobe".
alboronía: A type of Andalusian vegetable stew.
From Arabic "al buranniya" "Buran's (stew)."
Buran was the wife of Caliph Ma'moun.
alboroque: 1) A present or prize given in exchange of a service.
2) The kind treatment and lavish attention offered and recieved in anticipation of a commercial transaction.
From Andalusi Arabic "al-borok", possibly ultimately from Classical Arabic "arbun".
alboroto: Riot, joy.
Comes from arabism "alborozo" (joy), from andalusí-arab "al-burúz" derived from Classical Arabic "al-burūz", "military parade previous to a campaign".
alborozo :Extreme chaos or happiness.
From Andalusi Arabic "Al buruz": Military parade prior to an expedition.
albotín: Turpentine Tree.
From Arabic "butm" of the same meaning.
albricias: 1) Term used to congratulate someone.
2) Present or gift provided to a bringer of good news.
From Arabic "Bushra".
albudeca: A bad watermelon.
From Andalusi Arabic "al batiHa".
albufera: Lagoon.
From Arabic "al buhaira".
albur: This term has a wide range of meanings: 1) Flathead mullet (Spain and Cuba), 2) a card combination in a card game known as Banca, 3) a chance occurrence on which an enterprise hedges its bets, 4) an expression which has a double or hidden meaning (Mexico and Dominican Republic) 4)an amourous affair (Nicaragua), 5) a lie, slander or rumour (Puerto Rico and Honduras).
From Arabic "al-boori".
alcabala: 1) A tax on commercial transactions.
2) Police checkpoint outside cities and on main roads (Colombia and Venezuela).
From Andalusi Arabic "al qabala".
alcabor: Hollow interior of a chimeney or oven.
From Arabic "al qabw".
alcabtea: A type of linen.
From Arabic "al qubtiya", meaning "egyptian" or "coptic".
alcacel or alcacer: 1) Green Barley 2) A Barley field.
From Arabic "al qasil".
alcachofa: Artichoke.
From "al-ẖarshoof" of the same meaning.
alcaduz: Water pipe.
From Arabic "Qâdûs" (قادوس) meaning "water-wheel scoop" alcafar: Limbs of a cuadruped (normally a horse).
From Arabic "al kafal".
alcahaz: Birdcage.
From Arabic "" (قفص) of the same meaning alcahuete: Accomplice, a person who helps another in a love affair, specially an illicit one; gossipy person.
Alcahuete comes from hispanic arabic "alqawwad" (the messenger), and this from Classical Arabic "qawwad".
This "messenger" carried messages to a married woman's lover.
By extension it became commonly known as any person who sets up a love affair, generally illicit.
alcaicería: In Granada and other towns of the former Nasarid Kingdom, an establishment where silk farmers presented their produce under the rights reserved to the Muslim rulers.
From Andalusi Arabic "Al-Qaysariya", originally from the Latin "Cesarea".
alcaide: Alcaide is a term which historically referred to various positions of government authority.
In modern Spanish it most commonly refers to a prison warden.
From Arabic "al qa'id", "military commander".
alcalde: Mayor.
From Arabic "al-qadi" (the judge).
"Qadi" comes from the verb "qada" (to judge).
álcali: alkali.
From Arabic "qalawi" (قلوي) of the same meaning.
alcaller: Clay artisan or his helper.
From Andalusi Arabic "al qallal".
alcamiz: An obsolete term referring to a list of soldiers.
Its etymology is an erroneous transmision of "at-taymiz", "Military inspection" in Andalusi Arabic and "Distinction" in Classical Arabic.
alcamonías: Seeds used in spice mixes such as anisseed or cumin.
It is also a now obsolete expression referring to the act of hiding things.
From Arabic "kammuniya", a cumin-based concoction.
alcana: Henna or Henna tree.
From Arabic, "Hinna".
alcaná: Commercial street or neighbourhood.
From Arabic "qanaah": Drains or water pipes.
alcancía: Clay money box, penny or piggy bank.
From Andalusi Arabic "alkanzíyya", derived from classical Arabic "kanz": treasure.
alcándara: Hook used to hang clothes or fowl.
From Arabic "Kandarah".
alcandía: Sorghum.
From Andalusi Arabic "qatniyya".
alcandora: A type of shirt.
From Arabic "qandura".
alcanería: A now obsolete rural term for a type of artichoke.
From Andalusi Arabic "al-qannariya", an Arabic rendering of the Latin "cannaria".
alcanfor: Camphor.
From Andalusi Arabic "Al-Kafur".
alcántara/alcantarilla: drain; From Arabic "al-qantarah" meaning bridge.
alcaparra: caper.
From Andalusian Arabic "al-kaparra".
Via Latin and Greek.
alcaraván alcaravea alcarceña alcarraza alcarria: alcatanes alcatara (or alquitara) alcatifa alcatraz: Cormorant.
From Arabic "القطرس al-qaṭrās", meaning sea eagle.
alcaucil, artichoke.
From Spanish Arabic: alqabsíl, that comes from mozarab diminutive , and this from Spanish Latin: capĭtia, head.
(Standard latin, "Caput-itis") alcavela alcazaba: palace.
From Arabic "al-qasbah", (قصبة), "the quarter".
alcázar: citadel; palace.
From Arabic "al-qasr" (القصر) "the citadel."
alcazuz (or orozuz) alcoba: alcove.
From Arabic "al-qubba" "the vault" or "the arch."
alcohela alcohol: from Arabic "al-kuhul" (الكحول) fine powder of antimony sulfide used as eye makeup.
alcoholar alcolla alcor alcora alcorcí alcorque alcorza alcotán alcotana alcrebite alcuacil alcubilla alcuña alcuza alcuzcuz alchub aldaba aldea/aldeano: Village/Villager.
aldiza alefriz aleja alejija alema alerce aletría aleve/alevoso/alevosía aleya alfaba alfábega alfadía alfaguara: Geyser.
From Arabic "fawwâra" (فوارة): spout, fountain, jet d'eau alfahar/alfaharería alfaida alfajeme alfajor: Sweet almond shortbread.
From Spanish Arabic "fašúr", and this from Persian "afšor" (juice).
alfalfa: alfalfa.
From Arabic "al-fafaa" literally "the best kind of fodder" alfaneque (two meanings, a type of bird, from Arabic "al-fanak" and a tent from Berber "afarag") alfanje: A type of sword.
From The Arabic al-janyar "dagger" alfaque alfaqueque alfaquí alfaquín alfaraz alfarda (two meanings from "al-farda" and from "al-fardda") alfarero: potter alfardón alfareme alfarje alfarrazar alfaya alfayate alfazaque alféizar: Window ledge.
From Arabic "al-Hayzar" "the one which takes possession".
alfeñique alferecía alferez alferraz alferza alficoz alfil: bishop, in chess.
From Arabic "al-feel" (الفيل) "the elephant."
alfilel/alfiler alfinge alfitete alfiz alfolí alfombra (two meanings from "al-jumra" and "al-humra") alfóncijo: pistachio.
From Arabic "al-fustuq".
alfóndega alforfón alforja: saddlebag.
From Arabic "al-khurj" ( الخرج ) "saddle-bag", portmanteau alforre alforrocho alforza alfóstigo alfoz: Neighborhood, district.
From Arabic "hauz" (حوز) meaning "Precinct" or "City limits" algaba algadara algaida algalaba algalia algalife algar algara algarada algarabía: incomprehensible talk; gabble; gibberish.
From Arabic "al-'arabiya": "Arabic".
algarivo algarazo: Short rainstorm.
From Arabic "al 'ard": "cloud".
algarrada algarrobo: carob.
From Arabic "al-kharouba" "the carob."
algavaro algazafán algazara algazul álgebra: algebra.
From the name of al-Khwarizmi' book "Hisab al-jabr w’al-muqabala" ""The Calculus of Subtraction and Equality"."
algecireño algodón, "cotton", from Arabic "al-qúţun (قطن)", meaning "the cotton" algorfa algoritmo, algorithm, that comes from the name of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي, famous mathematician.
algorza: alguacil, "Sheriff", from Arabic "al-wazîr (الوزير)", meaning "Minister" alguaquida: fuel for a fire.
From Arabic "waqîda" (وقيدة) meaning "Fuel" alguaza: Window or door hinge.
From Arabic "wasl" "juncture".  
Garshuni originated in the seventh century AD, when Arabic was becoming the dominant spoken language in the Fertile Crescent, but Arabic script was not yet fully developed and widely read.
There is evidence that writing Arabic in Garshuni influenced the style of modern Arabic script.
After this initial period, Garshuni writing has continued to the present day among some Syriac Christian communities in the Arabic-speaking regions of the Levant and Mesopotamia. 
The earliest prominent female Arabic writer of the modern period is Táhirih (1820-52), from what is now Iran.
She wrote fine Arabic and Persian poetry.
Women's literary salons and societies in the Arab world were pioneered in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, initially primarily by Christian Arabic-speaking women, who tended to have more freedom and access to education than their Muslim counterparts in the Ottoman Empire at the time.
Maryana Marrash (1848−1919) started what is believed to have been the first salon including women, in Aleppo.
In 1912, May Ziade (odern Palestine/Lebanon/Egypt, 1886-1941) started one in Cairo, and in 1922 Mary 'Ajami (1888−1965) did the same in Damascus.
Sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly, these supported the emergence of women's writing (both literary and journalistic) and women's presses.
Alongside Maryana Marrash, May Ziade, and Mary 'Ajami, pioneering figures in women's writing in Arabic are Zaynab Fawwaz (modern Lebanon/Egypt, 1846–1914), who arguably wrote the first novel in Arabic and was the first woman to write a play in that language; Aisha Taymur (modern Turkey/Egypt, 1840–1902); and Anbara Salam Khalidy (modern Palestine/Lebanon, 1897-1988); and Anbara Salam Khalidy (modern Palestine/Lebanon, 1897–1986).
More recent Arabic literature has seen a greater number of female writers' works published: Fadwa Touqan, Suhayr al-Qalamawi, Ulfat Idlibi, Layla Ba'albakki, Zuhrabi Mattummal, Hoda Barakat and Alifa Rifaat are just some of the novelists and prose writers.
There has also been a number of significant female academics, such as Zaynab al-Ghazali, Nawal el-Saadawi and Fatema Mernissi who, amongst other subjects, wrote of the place of women in Muslim society.
Women writers in the Arabic world have unavoidably courted controversy.
Layla Ba'albakki, for instance, was charged with insulting public decency with her collection of short stories entitled "A Spaceship of Tenderness to the Moon."