Question: What is an example of a medical study being conducted in space by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute?
About the article "NASA", section "Medicine in space".

Candidate passages:
Scientific research.
Medicine in space.
A variety of large-scale medical studies are being conducted in space by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI).
Prominent among these is the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity Study, in which astronauts (including former ISS Commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka) perform ultrasound scans under the guidance of remote experts to diagnose and potentially treat hundreds of medical conditions in space.
Usually there is no physician on board the International Space Station, and diagnosis of medical conditions is challenging.
Astronauts are susceptible to a variety of health risks including decompression sickness, barotrauma, immunodeficiencies, loss of bone and muscle, orthostatic intolerance due to volume loss, sleep disturbances, and radiation injury.
Ultrasound offers a unique opportunity to monitor these conditions in space.
This study's techniques are now being applied to cover professional and Olympic sports injuries as well as ultrasound performed by non-expert operators in populations such as medical and high school students.
It is anticipated that remote guided ultrasound will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations, where access to a trained physician is often rare.
The Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity Study is funded by the National Space and Biomedical Research Institute and involves the use of ultrasound among Astronauts including former ISS Commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka who are guided by remote experts to diagnose and potentially treat hundreds of medical conditions in space.
This study has a widespread impact and has been extended to cover professional and Olympic sports injuries as well as medical students.
It is anticipated that remote guided ultrasound will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations.
Findings from this study were submitted for publication to the journal Radiology aboard the International Space Station; the first article submitted in space. 
Astronauts are susceptible to a variety of health risks including decompression sickness, barotrauma, immunodeficiencies, loss of bone and muscle, loss of eyesight, orthostatic intolerance, sleep disturbances, and radiation injury.
A variety of large scale medical studies are being conducted in space via the National Space and Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) to address these issues.
Prominent among these is the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity Study in which astronauts (including former ISS commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka) perform ultrasound scans under the guidance of remote experts to diagnose and potentially treat hundreds of medical conditions in space.
This study's techniques are now being applied to cover professional and Olympic sports injuries as well as ultrasound performed by non-expert operators in medical and high school students.
It is anticipated that remote guided ultrasound will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations, where access to a trained physician is often rare.
On December 31, 2012, a NASA-supported study reported that manned spaceflight may harm the brain and accelerate the onset of Alzheimer's disease. 
Johnson Space Center leads NASA’s flight-related scientific and medical research programs.
Technologies developed for spaceflight are now in use in many areas of medicine, energy, transportation, agriculture, communications and electronics.
The Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) office performs the physical science research at the center.
ARES directs and manages all functions and activities of the ARES scientists that perform basic research in earth, planetary, and space sciences.
ARES scientists and engineers provide support to the human and robotic spaceflight programs.
The responsibilities of ARES also include interaction with the Office of Safety and Mission Assurance and the Human Space Flight Programs.
Johnson Space Center was granted a five-year, $120-million extension of its agreement with the National Space Biomedical Research Institute at Baylor College of Medicine to study the health risks related to long-duration space flight.
The extension will allow a continuation of biomedical research in support of a long-term human presence in space started by the institute and NASA's Human Research Program through 2012.
The Prebreathe Reduction Program is a research study program at the JSC that is currently being developed to improve the safety and efficiency of space walks from the International Space Station.
The Overset Grid-Flow software was developed at Johnson Space Center in collaboration with NASA Ames Research Center.
The software simulates fluid flow around solid bodies using computational fluid dynamics. 
Scientific Research on the International Space Station is a collection of experiments that require one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit.
The primary fields of research include human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology.
The 2005 NASA Authorization Act designated the American segment of the International Space Station as a national laboratory with the goal of increasing the use of the ISS by other federal agencies and the private sector.
Research on the ISS improves knowledge about the effects of long-term space exposure on the human body.
Subjects currently under study include muscle atrophy, bone loss, and fluid shift.
The data will be used to determine whether space colonisation and lengthy human spaceflight are feasible.
As of 2006, data on bone loss and muscular atrophy suggest that there would be a significant risk of fractures and movement problems if astronauts landed on a planet after a lengthy interplanetary cruise (such as the six-month journey time required to fly to Mars).
Large scale medical studies are conducted aboard the ISS via the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI).
Prominent among these is the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity study in which astronauts (including former ISS Commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka) perform ultrasound scans under the guidance of remote experts.
The study considers the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions in space.
Usually, there is no physician on board the ISS, and diagnosis of medical conditions is a challenge.
It is anticipated that remotely guided ultrasound scans will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations where access to a trained physician is difficult.
Researchers are investigating the effect of the station's near-weightless environment on the evolution, development, growth and internal processes of plants and animals.
In response to some of this data, NASA wants to investigate microgravity's effects on the growth of three-dimensional, human-like tissues, and the unusual protein crystals that can be formed in space.
The investigation of the physics of fluids in microgravity will allow researchers to model the behaviour of fluids better.
Because fluids can be almost completely combined in microgravity, physicists investigate fluids that do not mix well on Earth.
In addition, an examination of reactions that are slowed by low gravity and temperatures will give scientists a deeper understanding of superconductivity.
The study of materials science is an important ISS research activity, with the objective of reaping economic benefits through the improvement of techniques used on the ground.
Other areas of interest include the effect of the low gravity environment on combustion, through the study of the efficiency of burning and control of emissions and pollutants.
These findings may improve our knowledge about energy production, and lead to economic and environmental benefits.
Future plans are for the researchers aboard the ISS to examine aerosols, ozone, water vapour, and oxides in Earth's atmosphere, as well as cosmic rays, cosmic dust, antimatter, and dark matter in the universe.