Question: How fast do lugers usually race?
About the article "Luge", section "Artificial tracks".

Candidate passages:
  Agneta Lindskog  
All maps share the common objective of finishing in the fastest time possible, but there are variations on how this is achieved.
Run mode is a flat-out race which the objective is to finish line.
In accuracy mode, map is completed after a certain number of targets have been hit with the railgun (a "Q3A" sniper rifle).
Level mode is similar to run, but map provide a number of alternative ways of reaching the finish line.
In fast caps mode, the time is measured since the flag has been taken.
Training mode usually requires the successful usage of a particular technique in order to complete the level.
There also "freestyle" maps without primary objective, but where the player may practise particular techniques.
The type of map can usually be seen in its name, although some do not follow this convention.
There are two game physics and ruleset modes—Vanilla Quake 3 (VQ3) and Challenge ProMode (CPM).
VQ3 is an original "Q3A" physics and game ruleset; CPM is an altered game physics delivered from "Challenge ProMode Arena" modification.
It provides a gamemode which includes physics allowing for better air-control, rebalanced weapons, fast weapon switching and improvements of jumping techniques. 
Pacenotes are a unique and major tool in modern rallying.
Television spectators will occasionally notice the voice of a co-driver in mid-race reading the pacenotes over the car's internal intercom.
These pacenotes provide a detailed description of the course and allow the driver to predict conditions ahead and prepare for various course conditions such as turns and jumps.
In many rallies, including those of the World Rally Championship (WRC), drivers are allowed to run on the stages of the course before competition and create their own pacenotes.
This process is called reconnaissance or recce.
During reconnaissance, the co-driver writes down shorthand notes (the pacenotes) on how to best drive the stage.
Usually the drivers call out the turns and road conditions for the co-drivers to write down.
These pacenotes are read aloud through an internal intercom system during the actual race, allowing the driver to anticipate the upcoming terrain and thus take the course as fast as possible.
Other rallies provide organizer-created "route notes" also referred to as "stage notes" and disallow reconnaissance and use of other pacenotes.
These notes are usually created using a predetermined pacenote format, from which a co-driver can optionally add comments or transpose into other pacenote notations.
Many North American rallies do not conduct reconnaissance but provide stage notes through the use of the Jemba Inertia Notes System, due to time and budget constraints.
In the past, most rally courses were not allowed to be scanned prior to the race, and the co-drivers used only maps supplied by the organization.
The exact route of the rally often remained secret until race day.
Modern rallies have mostly converted to using organizer-supplied notes or allowing full reconnaissance, as opposed to racing the stages blindly.
This change has been brought on in large part due to competitor demand. 
Thoroughbred handicapping is the art of predicting horses who have the greatest chance of winning a race, and profiting from these predictions at the horse races.
The Daily Racing Form (DRF), a newspaper-style publication, is an important tool of the handicapper or horseplayer.
The DRF details statistical information about each horse entered in a race, including detailed past performance results, lifetime records, amount of money earned, odds for the particular horse in each past race, and a myriad of other information available for casual or serious study.
The handicapping process can be simple or complex but usually includes the following elements prior to the race:1) Study of the Daily Racing Form2) Observing the horses’ body language and behaviour in the paddock and/or post parade.3) Watching the tote board for the changing odds of each horse and thus for clues about how the betting public views a horse’s chances of winning the upcoming race“Trip Handicapping” takes place during the race and involves watching the horses (usually with binoculars) and noting relevant information about how a horse runs during that race.
Handicapping theory is possibly one of the most enigmatic theories in all of sports.
Horseplayers consider the following elements when handicapping a horse race:SpeedThose horses who run the fastest win the most races.
The DRF lists times at certain call points of each race, and the lengths back from the lead at each call point.
Speed handicappers compare race times to help ascertain which horses will most likely win the race.
The DRF now contains a numerical summation of the speed that each horse ran in every race, called a Beyer speed figure.
This number is generated through a method developed by Andrew Beyer, and described in his 1975 book Picking Winners.
The Beyer speed figures takes into account the individual class of a race as well as how the racetrack was playing on a particular day to create an aggregate number for each horse.
The basic error behind this approach is that the sample size each day which is used to create the track variant for the speed figure is very small, and hence subject to massive errors in standard deviation.
For example, there may be only one turf (grass) race on a given day, and the Beyer system has to extract a variant for that race from a sample of one.
PacePace is probably the single most important factor in determining the outcome of a race.
Pace handicappers classify each horse’s running style (i.e.
front runner, stalker, presser, closer) and then find contenders based on the predicted pace of today’s race.
The difficulty is that the jockey has control over where a horse is placed in a race and how fast that race goes in the early stages.
This takes the prediction of pace for a given race out of the realm of mathematics and into the realm of mere speculation.
Until the 1970s, for pace handicapping purposes, the time generally allotted by pace handicappers for a horse to run a length (approximately 11 feet) during the course of a race was long thought to be a fifth of a second.
Andrew Beyer was the first to contest this in his 1975 book Picking Winners, stating that the time span of a beaten length (at the end of the race) varied by race distance, as horses would be traveling faster at the end of shorter distanced races than they would at longer ones.
Others, particularly devotees of the Sartain Methodology in the 1980s, furthered this principle to include fractional (internal race) times.
Today, the value of a beaten length is generally accepted to be closer to 0.16 seconds than to 0.20.
The standard of one-fifth of a second is somewhat valid in Standardbred (harness) racing.
FormThose horses who looked “sharp” in their past race or past few races, win the most races.
A sharp horse could have finished strongly, stayed among the leaders, finished “in the money” (1st, 2nd or 3rd) or recovered from a bad racing trip.
Likewise, a horse showed dull form if it gave up, looked sluggish or chased the pack.
Horses with sharp form have the lowest odds and hence return the least money per bet.
Also, often horses will race off a "layoff."
A layoff is a rest varying in length from usually two months to a year or more.
In this case, workouts, horse appearance, and trainer patterns are the best guides to whether the horse is ready to run after a rest.
ClassHorse races occur at different levels of competition.
Generally, high caliber horses are entered in races with other high caliber horses and slower horses are entered in races with other slower horses.
But a horse can move up or down in class, depending on where the trainer decided to enter the horse based on the results of its last race.
Note that the strength of the same class of race, such as a Maiden Special Weight race, will vary greatly from track to track, as well as from race to race at the same track, making this too an inexact determinant of class.
Post PositionThe horse nearer the inside of a race track will have a shorter distance to run than a horse on the outside track, although it is also more vulnerable to being cut off by horses that start off faster and head to the inside rail.
JockeyHorses do not run the races by themselves.
They are ridden by a jockey, or female, (or, in Qatar and UAE, by a Robot jockey), and there are good human jockeys and bad human jockeys.
All other things being equal, the better human jockey can make a difference between a winning horse and one that loses.
In the case of the robot jockey, a person controls the robot by remote-control, and how well the person runs the remote control robot might be a factor as well.
Other FactorsOther factors affecting the outcome of a race are track condition, weather, weight that the horses have to carry, daily bias of the racing surface, and many more factors that the handicapper cannot know.
The track condition is closely linked to the weather as rain/snow and the amount of sun affect the firmness of the turf or the condition of the dirt.
A wet track is usually denoted as "sloppy".
There are cases however when a roller is run over a wet track (if the rain has stopped) and such a track is denoted "sealed". 
Fast casual restaurants are primarily chain restaurants, such as Chipotle Mexican Grill and Panera Bread.
More of the food is prepared at the restaurant than is the case at fast food chains.
Fast casual restaurants usually do not offer full table service, but may offer non-disposable plates and cutlery.
The quality of food and prices tend to be higher than those of a conventional fast food restaurant but may be lower than casual dining.