Question: What has caused the healthcare system in the US to be criticized?
About the article "Medicine", section "Institutions".

Candidate passages:
Thaksin initiated two key healthcare policies: subsidized universal health care and low-cost universal access to anti-retroviral HIV medication (ARVs).
Thaksin's 30-baht/visit universal healthcare program won the applause of the general public, but was criticized by many doctors and officials.
Prior to the program's introduction, a large portion of the population had no health insurance and limited access to healthcare.
The program helped increase access to healthcare from 76% of the population to 96% of the population.
Unfortunately, the program increased workloads for healthcare employees and caused many doctors to switch to higher paying careers.
It has been also criticized for being greatly underfunded.
The financial losses caused by the program led some hospitals to seek alternative sources of income, leading to a boom in the medical tourism industry, with 1.3 million foreign patients earning Thailand 33 billion THB (approx.
800 million USD) in 2005.
Post-coup Public Health Minister Mongkol Na Songkhla called the 30-baht program a "marketing gimmick" and claimed that the government would stop charging any fees for visits to state hospitals.
During the Thaksin government, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS as well as the overall prevalence rate noticeably declined, as fewer were being infected.
Although successful in expanding access to HIV medication, there are concerns that a free trade agreement with the US could endanger Thailand's ability to produce generic HIV treatments.
Thaksin allowed an estimated 2.3 million foreign workers in Thailand to register and seek health coverage under the Thai national healthcare system.
They were also eligible for work permits at the end of the registration period, entitling them to full labor protection.
Democrat Party Labour Group Committee Pongsak Plengsaeng criticized the move, claiming that it would lead to unemployment amongst Thais. 
Thaksin initiated two key healthcare policies: subsidized universal health care and low-cost universal access to anti-retroviral HIV medication (ARVs).
Thaksin's 30-baht/visit universal healthcare program won the applause of the general public, but was criticized by many doctors and officials.
Prior to the program's introduction, a large portion of the population had no health insurance and only limited access to healthcare.
The program helped increase access to healthcare from 76% of the population to 96%.
The program also increased workloads for health care employees, and caused many doctors to change to higher paying careers.
It has also been criticized for being underfunded by the government.
The program caused some hospitals to seek alternative sources of income, leading to a boom in medical tourism, with 1.3 million foreign patients earning Thailand 33 billion THB (approx.
800 million USD) in 2005.
Post-coup public health minister Mongkol Na Songkhla called the 30-baht program a "marketing gimmick" and claimed that the government would "very soon" stop charging patients any fees for visits to state hospitals.
Many people who received the treatment claimed that they prefer drugs from pharmacists than from facilities covered by the scheme and almost half of the patients were dissatisfied with the service given by the facilities.
The universal health care scheme raised a debt of 7.7 billion baht.
During the Thaksin government, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS as well as the overall prevalence rate noticeably declined.
Although successful in expanding access to HIV medication, there have been concerns that a free trade agreement with the US could endanger Thailand's ability to produce generic HIV treatments.
Thaksin allowed the estimated 2.3 million migrant workers in Thailand to register and seek health coverage under the Thai national healthcare system.
They were also eligible for work permits at the end of the registration period, entitling them to full labor protection.
Democrat Party Labour Group Committee Pongsak Plengsaeng criticized the move, claiming that it would lead to unemployment amongst Thais. 
A number of healthcare concerns afflict women in particular, among them female genital mutilation, maternal healthcare, and gendered healthcare discrepancies.
Further, the restructuring of the health care system has also affected women significantly. 
The budget for the EMBRACE system will be determined by the United States Congress, with one comprehensive bill a year that will fund the entire public healthcare system in the United States.
Because the Healthcare Board will have to justify the budget, Congress will continue to have full control on expenditures for the healthcare system. 
In 2008 the United States Federal Government budgeted about 30 billion USD for foreign aid and of that, about 8 billion was for healthcare.
Global Washington criticized this budget for neglecting development.
Global Washington has organized conferences to discuss how United States foreign aid should be distributed.