Question: Which Norman-French word refers to the Battle of Hastings?
About the article "Battle of Hastings", section "Background and location".

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Richard Hastings may refer to: Richard Hastings, Baron Welles (d.1503) Sir Richard Hastings, 1st Baronet (died 1668), of the Hastings baronets Richard Hastings, Canadian football player Richard Norman "Doc" Hastings, Member of Congress  
Perry is a surname of English origin, deriving from either the Old English "pyrige" (pear tree), referring to one who dwells by a pear tree; the Norman French "perrieur" (quarry), possibly referring to a quarryman.
Perry was recorded as a surname from the late 16th century in villages near Colchester, Essex, East England, such as Lexden and Copford.
One source suggests the name is of ancient Norman origin and was found in Hampshire in 1066 according to the Doomsday Book.
Their name, however, is a reference to the Old English word perie, meaning pear tree.
The family held a seat there on lands granted by Duke William of Normandy, their liege lord, for their distinguished assistance at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
Perry has some resemblance with the Portuguese common surname Pereira, which means pear tree in Portuguese language.
Because of that, many Portuguese immigrants to the USA (especially Massachusetts) chose to "Americanize" their Pereira surname to Perry. 
Many words of French origin were borrowed twice or more.
Most frequently, the first borrowing occurred shortly after the Normans took over England following the Battle of Hastings, while the second borrowing may have come into English during the sixteenth to nineteenth century, when France was at the height of its power and international influence.
Notice that there are multiple doublets caused by the w → g sound change in French, which happened well after the Norman conquest.
Several of these examples also reflect changes in French after the Norman period which caused the possible environments of to be greatly reduced. 
The name Defreine is of Norman Irish origin.
There are many anglicised versions of the name - Frayne, Frenes, Freyne, DeFrayne, Franey, Freaney, Freeney, Frain, ffrench, Ffrench, French and possibly some more.
All these names are the same and have been used, changed and interchanged over the years.
All are derivatives of the same name “DeFreine”.
Theophilus de Freyne, third cousin to William the Conqueror rode beside his cousin at the Battle of Hastings 1066.
The DeFreines, the ffrenches, and the Frenches, who were of noble blood, came to Ireland with Strongbow during the Norman Invasion of Ireland from 1169 to 1172AD.
There were and still are two or three families of Irish peers who carry the names DeFréine, ffrench, and French.
As Anglo-Normans the French family became one of the 14 Tribes of Galway, helping to found the town in 1425AD, fortifying it to keep the locals out.
In Wexford the name Franey is common, In Wicklow Freeney / Freney is common and in the Connaught area (Sligo/Galway) Frain, Freine are common.
The name is from the French word Frêne which means a wooded place with ash trees indicating that ancestors of that family came from an area noted for its forests.
Some sources can even trace the name back to Roman times. 
Background and location.
Because many of the primary accounts contradict each other at times, it is impossible to provide a description of the battle that is beyond dispute.
The only undisputed facts are that the fighting began at 9 am on Saturday 14 October 1066 and that the battle lasted until dusk.
Sunset on the day of the battle was at 4:54 pm, with the battlefield mostly dark by 5:54 pm and in full darkness by 6:24 pm.
Moonrise that night was not until 11:12 pm, so once the sun set, there was little light on the battlefield.
William of Jumieges reports that Duke William kept his army armed and ready against a surprise night attack for the entire night before.
The battle took place north of Hastings at the present-day town of Battle, between two hills – Caldbec Hill to the north and Telham Hill to the south.
The area was heavily wooded, with a marsh nearby.
The name traditionally given to the battle is unusual – there were several settlements much closer to the battlefield than Hastings.
The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" called it the battle "at the hoary apple tree".
Within 40 years, the battle was also known as "Senlac", a Norman-French adaptation of the Old English word "Sandlacu", which means "sandy water".
This may have been the name of the stream that crosses the battlefield.
The battle was already being referred to as "bellum Hasestingas" or "Battle of Hastings" by 1087, in the "Domesday Book".
Sunrise was at 6:48 am that morning, and reports of the day record that it was unusually bright.
The weather conditions are not recorded.
The route that the English army took to the battlefield is not known precisely.
Several roads are possible: one, an old Roman road that ran from Rochester to Hastings has long been favoured because of a large coin hoard found nearby in 1876.
Another possibility is a Roman road between London and Lewes and then over local tracks to the battlefield.
Some accounts of the battle indicate that the Normans advanced from Hastings to the battlefield, but the contemporary account of William of Jumieges places the Normans at the site of the battle the night before.
Most historians incline towards the former view, but M. K. Lawson argues that William of Jumieges's account is correct.