Question: What became the basis of early American and Soviet rocket designs after WWII?
About the article "Space Race", section "World War II".

Candidate passages:
The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation.
On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems.
The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Korolev.
He had been involved in space clubs and early Soviet rocket design in the 1930s, but was arrested in 1938 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge and imprisoned for six years in Siberia.
After the war, he became the USSR's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer, essentially the Soviet counterpart to von Braun.
His identity was kept a state secret throughout the Cold War, and he was identified publicly only as "the Chief Designer."
In the West, his name was only officially revealed when he died in 1966.
After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about northwest of Moscow.
They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers.
They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on "organizational schemes"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the "layout" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components.
With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948.
Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949.
The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53.
In America, Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945.
They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation.
These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer space, and the first two-stage rocket, the WAC Corporal-V2 combination, in 1949.
The German rocket team was moved from Fort Bliss to the Army's new Redstone Arsenal, located in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1950.
From here, Von Braun and his team would develop the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that would, in slightly modified versions, launch both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions.
It became the basis for both the Jupiter and Saturn family of rockets. 
World War II.
The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles.
Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets, with the goal that one day they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and traversing long distances.
The head of the German Army's Ballistics and Munitions Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, gathered a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen, to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons.
Wernher von Braun, a young engineering prodigy, was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret army program at Kummersdorf-West in 1932.
Von Braun had dreams about conquering outer space with rockets, and did not initially see the military value in missile technology.
During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program.
They would lead the team that built the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, which became the first vehicle to reach outer space during its test flight program in 1942 and 1943.
By 1943, Germany began mass-producing the A-4 as the Vergeltungswaffe 2 ("Vengeance Weapon" 2, or more commonly, V2), a ballistic missile with a range carrying a warhead at .
Its supersonic speed meant there was no defense against it, and radar detection provided little warning.
Germany used the weapon to bombard southern England and parts of Allied-liberated western Europe from 1944 until 1945.
After the war, the V-2 became the basis of early American and Soviet rocket designs.
At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based.
Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefited the most with Operation Paperclip, recruiting von Braun and most of his engineering team, who later helped develop the American missile and space exploration programs.
The United States also acquired a large number of complete V2 rockets.
After the end of WWII, Rosen worked at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), where he was involved in the definition of alternative designs for high-altitude sounding rockets, both for scientific research on the upper atmosphere, and for development of liquid rocket technology for military purposes, following the German introduction of the large V-2 rocket weapon.
He became NRL project manager for the Viking rocket, which was the first large US liquid-fueled rocket.
Roughly half the size, in terms of mass and power, of the V-2, the Viking improved upon it in several important respects.
Both were actively guided, and fueled with the same propellants (alcohol and liquid oxygen ), which were fed to a single rocket engine by turbine-driven pumps.
The Viking airframe was designed and built under contract to NRL by the Glenn L. Martin Company.
The engine, built by Reaction Motors Inc (RMI) of New Jersey, was the largest liquid-fueled rocket engine developed in the United States up to that time.
It produced 89 kN (20000 lbf) of thrust.
As was also the case for the V-2, hydrogen peroxide was converted to steam to drive the turbo-pump that fed fuel and LOX into the engine.
In a series of twelve flights between September 1949 and February 1955, Viking rockets explored the characteristics of the atmosphere above 30 km, and set a number of performance records, including the highest altitude, , reached by an American single stage rocket up to that time. 
  4 January — WWII: The Battle of Monte Cassino begins.
20 January — WWII: The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin.
27 January — WWII: The 2-year Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
29 January — WWII: The Battle of Cisterna takes place.
15 February — WWII – Battle of Monte Cassino: The monastery atop Monte Cassino is destroyed by Allied bombing.
20 February — WWII: The "Big Week" begins with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.
26 February — Holocaust: Shooting begins on the Nazi propaganda film, "The Fuehrer Gives a Village to the Jews" in Theresienstadt.
15 March — WWII: Battle of Monte Cassino: Allied aircraft bomb German-held monastery and stage an assault.
17 March — WWII: The Nazis execute almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-fascist Romanians at Rîbniţa.
19 March — WWII: German forces Operation occupy Hungary.
23 March — WWII: Members of the Italian Resistance attack Nazis marching in Via Rasella, killing 33.
9 May — WWII: In the Ukrainian city of Sevastopol, Soviet troops completely drive out German forces, who had been ordered by Hitler to “fight to the last man.”  12 May — WWII: Soviet troops finalize the liberation of the Crimea.
15 May — Holocaust: Deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz begins.
18 May — WWII: Battle of Monte Cassino: The Germans evacuate Monte Cassino and Allied forces take the stronghold after a struggle that claimed 20,000 lives.
June — German V-2 rockets on test from Peenemünde become the first man-made objects to enter space.
By the end of the month, more than 380,000 Hungarian Jews have been transferred to concentration camps - around half of the country's Jewish population.
4 June — WWII: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the , marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel has captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.
5 June — WWII: More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
5 June — The German navy's Enigma messages are decoded almost in real time.
6 June — WWII: Battle of Normandy: "Operation Overlord", commonly known as D-Day, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France.
The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland, in the largest amphibious military operation in history.
This operation helps liberate France from Germany, and also weakens the Nazi hold on Europe.
10 June — WWII: 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.
13 June — WWII: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England.
22 June — WWII: Operation Bagration: A general attack by Soviet forces clears the German forces from Belarus, resulting in the destruction of German Army Group Centre, possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during WWII.
3 July — WWII: Soviet troops liberate Minsk.
7 July — Holocaust: Hungarian Regent Horthy orders Jewish transports to Auschwitz halted; 437,000 Jews have already been deported, mostly to their deaths.
10 July — WWII: Soviet troops begin operations to occupy the Baltic countries.
31 July — WWII: Vilnius is liberated.
20 July — WWII: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt by Claus von Stauffenberg.
24 July — Holocaust: Russian troops liberate the first concentration camp, at Majdanek, where 360,000 Jews have been exterminated.
1 August — WWII: The Warsaw Uprising begins.
2 August — WWII: Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.
4 August — Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse, where they find Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family.
5 August — Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
6 August — Holocaust: Lodz, the last remaining Jewish ghetto in Poland, is liquidated and 60,000 Jews are sent to Auschwitz.
19 August — WWII: An insurrection starts in Paris.
20 August — WWII: American forces successfully defeat Nazi forces at Chambois, closing the Falaise Gap.
20 August — WWII: 168 captured allied airmen, including Phil Lamason, accused of being "terror fliers" by the Gestapo, arrive at Buchenwald concentration camp.
24 August — WWII: Liberation of Paris: The Allies enter Paris, successfully completing Operation Overlord.
25 August — WWII: German surrender of Paris: General Dietrich von Choltitz surrenders Paris to the Allies in defiance of Hitler’s orders to destroy it.
25 August — WWII: Maillé massacre: Massacre of 129 civilians (70% women and children) by the Gestapo at Maillé, Indre-et-Loire.
25 August — WWII: Hungary decides to continue the war together with Germany.
3 September — WWII: The Allies liberate Brussels.
4 September — WWII: Finland breaks off relations with Germany.
8 September — WWII: London is hit by a V-2 rocket for the first time.
2 October — Holocaust: Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
7 October — Holocaust: A revolt by Jewish slave labourers at Auschwitz-Birkenau results in the complete destruction of Crematory IV.
10 October — Holocaust: Porajmos: 800 Gypsy children are systematically murdered at the Auschwitz death camp.
14 October — WWII: German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel commits suicide rather than face execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler.
18 October — WWII: The Volkssturm is founded on Hitler's orders.
20 October — WWII: Belgrade is liberated by Yugoslav Partisans and the Red Army.
21 October — WWII: Aachen,the first German city to fall, is captured by American troops.
25 October — WWII: The Red Army liberates Kirkenes, the first town in Norway to be liberated.
30 October — Holocaust: The last gassings take places at Auschwitz.
25 November — Holocaust: Himmler orders the destruction of the crematories at Auschwitz.
16 December — WWII: Germany begins the Ardennes offensive, later known as Battle of the Bulge.
17 December — WWII: German troops carry out the Malmedy massacre.
19 December — WWII: The entire territory of Estonia is taken by the Red Army.
26 December — WWII: American troops repulse German forces at Bastogne.
31 December — WWII: Hungary declares war on Germany.  
  M8 (rocket), an American World War II air-to-surface and surface-to-surface rocket  M-8 rocket, a variant of the RS-82 rocket used by the Soviet Union in World War II