community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Why were Niihau's citizens unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor?
About the article "Attack on Pearl Harbor", section "Niihau Incident".

Candidate passages:
The results of the attack on Pearl Harbor are many and significant. 
After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the public began to fear the idea of Japanese Americans possibly aiding a Japanese invasion.
At one point, about one month before the Pearl Harbor attack, the U.S. State Department hired a special investigator to report on Japanese-American communities to make sure that the Japanese were not a threat to national security.
The investigator's conclusion was that there is no evidence supporting a reason to fear sabotage from the Japanese Americans.
This report was kept confidential, however, so the public was never aware of this report.
Thus, all of the negative images they had concerning Japanese Americans were initiated by the media.
The public was also unaware of the fact that over 65% of the Japanese Americans were U.S. born citizens.
Also, there were rumors of possibly Japanese-American spies, but there was never any conclusive evidence.
[http://www.asian-nation.org/internment.shtml] 
Military Service.
World War II.
Pearl Harbor.
During Pearl Harbor, Lieutenant Powell's first assignment with the United States Army Air Corps was to the 78th Pursuit Squadron located at Wheeler Field in Hawaii.
On December 7 during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Lt. Powell was a flight leader, however, all his squadron's aircraft were either damaged or destroyed during the attack.
Therefore, no members of his squadron were able to get airborne during the attack on Pearl Harbor. 
Pearl Harbor is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, the joint United States Navy and Air Force base in Oahu   Attack on Pearl Harbor, the 7 December 1941 Japanese attack on the American naval base  Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge Pearl Harbor may also refer to: 
7 December, The Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor Attack
Question: What is the nucleus made of?
About the article "Chemistry", section "Atom".

Candidate passages:
The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. 
The ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) is a nucleus of the thalamus. 
The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus.
Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM), ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI) and ventromedial posterior nucleus (VMpo), it constitutes the ventral posterior nucleus. 
The globose nucleus is one of the deep cerebellar nuclei.
It is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus.
This nucleus contains primarily large and small multipolar neurons.
The "globose nucleus" and emboliform nucleus are occasionally referred to collectively as the interposed nucleus. 
The fastigial nucleus or nucleus fastigii is located in the cerebellum.
It is one of the deep cerebellar nuclei (the others being the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus), and is grey matter embedded in the white matter of the cerebellum.
It refers specifically to the concentration of gray matter nearest to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior vermis, and immediately over the roof of the fourth ventricle, from which it is separated by a thin layer of white matter.
It is smaller than the nucleus dentatus, but somewhat larger than the nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus.
The fastigial nucleus is the smallest in size, with the dentate being the largest and the interposed being intermediate in size.
Although it is one dense mass, it is made up of two sections: the rostral fastigial nucleus and the caudal fastigial nucleus.
Question: When did the event debut?
About the article "Nordic combined", section "Team".

Candidate passages:
A single cyclist represented Luxembourg in 1920.
It was the nation's debut in the sport.
Majérus did not advance past the initial heats in the sprint event, and did not finish the 50 kilometres. 
Water polo is inducted in the Pan American Games since the first edition of the multi-sports event in 1951, when Buenos Aires was the host.
The women's event made its debut in 1999. 
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1933 took place on 8–12 February 1933 in Innsbruck, Austria.
This event would also debut the 4 x 10 km relay.
Remarkably, Norway did not compete in these championships. 
Yuliya Rodionova (born in Oskemen) is a Kazakh freestyle skier, specializing in Moguls .
Rodionova competed at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics for Kazakhstan.
Her best finish came in 2010, when she placed 22nd in the qualifying round of the moguls, failing to advance.
In 2006, she finished 28th in the preliminary round, and did not advance.
As of April 2013, her best showing at the World Championships is 8th, in the 2009 dual moguls event.
Rodionova made her World Cup debut in December 2004.
As of April 2013, her best World Cup event finish is 8th place, in the dual moguls event at Meribel in 2010/11.
Her best World Cup overall finish in moguls is 25th, in 2008/09 and 2009/10. 
Fumihisa Yumoto (born 23 April 1984 in Kijimadaira, Nagano) is a Japanese ski jumper.
Yumoto made his World Cup debut in Sapporo in 2003, but did not become a regular member of the Japanese World Cup team until the 2007-08 season, where his best result was a 22nd place finish at Sapporo.
On 29 November 2008, at Kuusamo, Finland, Yumoto got his first Top 10 finish in a World Cup event, when he finished in 8th place.
On 14 December 2008, he got his first career victory, when he won the event at Pragelato, Italy in heavy snow conditions.
Question: what was the very first italian film?
About the article "Italy", section "Cinema".

Candidate passages:
Allmovie's review of the film was positive, calling it "what could very well be the Italian splatter-master's most personal, poignant, and compelling film – not to mention one of the most original spaghetti Westerns ever filmed."
"Shoeshine" is among the first of the Italian neorealist films.
In 1948, it received an Honorary Award at the Academy Awards for its high quality.
This award was the precursor of what would later become the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. 
Tre straniere a Roma, also known as "Three Strangers in Rome", is a 1958 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Claudio Gora starring Claudia Cardinale.
The film was one of the very first movies with Claudia Cardinale in a leading role. 
 It is the first Tamil language film screened at Cannes as part of the 2007 Cannes Film Festival under the 'Tous les Cinemas du Monde’ section.
Sandhya was supposed to play the female lead but was replaced by Bhavana  The first third of Veyil is very loosely based upon the 1988 Italian classic Cinema Paradiso  The film grossed $8 million at the box office.
Alamparai Fort was the location of scenes in the movie.  
Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man () is a 1981 Italian film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci.
It stars Anouk Aimée and Ugo Tognazzi, who was awarded the Best Male Actor Award at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival for his performance.
In his review, Vincent Canby describes the film as, "Bernardo Bertolucci's very good, cerebrally tantalizing new film, "Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man," the story of what may or may not be a terrorist kidnapping of the sort that has been making Italian headlines with increasing frequency in recent years."
Question: Why was hamburger "invented"?
About the article "Hamburger", section "Frank and Charles Menches".

Candidate passages:
The hamburger bun was invented in 1916 by a fry cook named Walter Anderson, who co-founded White Castle in 1921.  
Hartog Jakob Hamburger (9 March 1859 in Alkmaar - 4 January 1924 in Groningen) was a Dutch physiologist.
Hamburger studied at Utrecht University, where he received his doctorate in 1883.
He worked with Franciscus Cornelis Donders and from 1888 he lectured Physiology and Pathology at the National Veterinary School.
In 1896, he invented the crystalloid solution known as Hamburger's solution or normal saline.
In 1901 he joined the University of Groningen as professor of physiology. 
Hamburger was born on in Landeshut, Silesia, Germany to Max Hamburger and Else Gradenwitz.  
Hamburger University was satirized in the 1986 comedy, "Hamburger...
The Motion Picture". 
The 2006–07 season of Hamburger SV was the 44th professional season for Hamburger SV.
Question: In the movie The Invisible War, what state is congressman Mike Turner from?
About the article "The Invisible War", section "Members of Congress".

Candidate passages:
The 10th district is held by Republican Congressman Mike Turner. 
 Robert Turner (MP) for Old Sarum Bob Turner (politician) (born 1941), Congressman from New York Robert L. Turner (born 1947), Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly Bob Turner (Manitoba politician)  
Sheldon Turner is a screenwriter and producer.
His produced credits as a screenwriter include "The Longest Yard" (2005), ' (2006), "Up in the Air" (2009) and ' (2011).
Turner was featured in "The Dialogue" interview series.
In this 90-minute interview with producer Mike DeLuca, Turner charts his detour from law school to screenwriting.
Turner will be writing "the live action Splinter Cell movie". 
People interviewed in "The Invisible War" include: 
Retiring and term-limited Democratic incumbents (5).
Mike Beebe (Arkansas).
Governor Mike Beebe will be term-limited in 2014.
Former Congressman Mike Ross is running for the Democratic nomination.
Republican candidates include former Congressman Asa Hutchinson, State Representative Debra Hobbs, and food safety company founder Curtis Coleman.
Question: What organization works in Cernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine?
About the article "Chernobyl disaster", section "The United Nations Development Programme".

Candidate passages:
CRDP works in the 4 most Chernobyl-affected oblasts (provinces) in Ukraine, namely the Kiev, Zhytomyr, Chernihiv and Rivne Oblasts. 
The United Nations Development Programme has launched in 2003 a specific project called the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme (CRDP) for the recovery of the affected areas.
The programme was initiated in February 2002 based on the recommendations in the report on Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident.
The main goal of the CRDP's activities is supporting the Government of Ukraine in mitigating long-term social, economic, and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe.
CRDP works in the four most Chernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine: Kyivska, Zhytomyrska, Chernihivska and Rivnenska.
  Climate of Ukraine  Renewable energy in Ukraine  Geology of Ukraine  Protected areas of Ukraine * Biosphere reserves in Ukraine * National parks of Ukraine  Wildlife of Ukraine * Fauna of Ukraine ** Birds of Ukraine ** Mammals of Ukraine  
Arseniy Yatsenuk heads the Open Ukraine Foundation, an international foundation based in Ukraine.
It was established in July 2007 for the "strengthening and development of Ukraine's reputation in the world."
Open Ukraine works with the young generation of artists, scholars and community leaders who seek to implement social changes in the different regions.
Open Ukraine is partnered with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United States Department of State and Chatham House, among other organizations. 
ActionAIDS, a Philadelphia-based organization works in partnership with people living with or affected by HIV/AIDS, to sustain and enhance their quality of life.
Question: Arbor is portrayed by which person?
About the article "The Selfish Giant (2013 film)", section "Cast".

Candidate passages:
Ann Arbor is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States.
Ann Arbor may also refer to: Ann Arbor (automobile), a vehicle produced by Huron River Manufacturing Company (1911-1912) Ann Arbor (Amtrak station), an Amtrak station in Ann Arbor, Michigan  
Arbor milling is a cutting process which removes material via a multi-toothed cutter.
An arbor mill is a type of milling machine characterized by its ability to rapidly remove material from a variety of materials.
This milling process is not only rapid but also versatile. 
Ann Arbor Station is a train station in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States that is served daily by Amtrak's (the national railroad passenger system) "Wolverine", which runs three times daily between Chicago, Illinois and Pontiac, Michigan, via Detroit.  
Arbor Mist is the brand name of an alcoholic beverage which blends seasonal wines such as Merlot, Zinfandel and Chardonnay with fruit flavorings.
Its slogan is "Great Tasting Wine with a Splash of Fruit," describing the beverage.
Arbor Mist has a lower alcohol content than most wines, and is usually cheaper than other similar alcoholic beverages.
It is made by the Arbor Mist Winery in Canandaigua, New York, and is packaged by Constellation Brands. 
Land located in the northern part of Arbor Lakes, which was once land for a master-planned community named HighGrove, built by now defunct Rottlund Homes.
The remaining land will be developed by Mattamy Homes, a Canadian building company who renamed the neighborhood, HighGrove at Arbor Lakes.
A senior housing building titled, Arbor Lakes Senior Living is
Question: what award did lord of the rings win in 2009
About the article "The Lord of the Rings", section "Reception".

Candidate passages:
 Peter Jackson (for "The Lord of the Rings" films)  
  2011 BAFTA Film Award - nomination for best Special Visual Effects - "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" and "" (2011)  2010 BAFTA Film Award - winner for best Special Visual Effects - "Avatar" (2009)  2006 BAFTA Film Award - winner for best Achievement in Special Visual Effects - "King Kong" (2005)  2004 BAFTA Film Award - winner for best Achievement in Special Visual Effects - "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King" (2003)  2003 BAFTA Film Award - winner for best Achievement in Special Visual Effects - "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers" (2002)  
Ngila Dickson, ONZM (born 1958) is a New Zealand film costume designer.
Her most notable work is in ' and ' - both of which were filmed in New Zealand, as well as her years of work on .
She and Richard Taylor won the Academy Award for Costume Design for the Lord of the Rings: Return of the King (2004).
Other Academy Award Nominations for:Last Samurai (2004);Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2002).
British Film and Television Award Nominations for:Lord of the Rings: Fellowship of the Ring (2002); Lord of the Rings: Return of the King (2004)).
She and Richard Taylor won a BAFTA for Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2003)).
She won the Costume Designers Guild Award for Lord of the Rings: Return of the King 2004Dickson is married to Hamish Keith.
She was awarded Officer of the Order of New Zealand 2004. 
36th KCFCC Awards<br>January 28, 2002Best Film: <br>The 36th Loutzenhiser Awards, honoring the best in film for 2001, were given on 28 January 2002.
Peter Jackson's first part of the "The Lord of the Rings film trilogy", won two awards: Best Film and Director.
Denzel Washington won the Best Actor award for his work in "Training Day" (he would win the Academy Award for Best Actor for the same role). 
This SAG Award is a pretty good predictor for the Academy Awards.
Only on eight occasions over the past 19 years did the winner of the SAG Award for Best Supporting Actor not win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
This happened in:  1995: Harris ("Apollo 13") lost to Spacey ("The Usual Suspects")  1998: Duvall ("A Civil Action") lost to Coburn ("Affliction")  2000: Finney ("Erin Brockovich") lost to Benicio del Toro ("Traffic").
Del Toro did win the SAG Award for a Leading Role.
2001: McKellen ("The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring") lost to Broadbent ("Iris")  2002: Walken ("Catch Me If You Can") lost to Cooper ("Adaptation")  2005: Giamatti ("Cinderella Man") lost to Clooney ("Syriana")  2006: Murphy ("Dreamgirls") lost to Arkin ("Little Miss Sunshine")  2012: Jones ("Lincoln") lost to Christoph Waltz ("Django Unchained").
This is the first time in SAG Award history that the category's eventual Oscar winner went un-nominated by the SAG, and second overall (after Marcia Gay Harden's win for "Pollock").
Question: How many Golden Globe Awards was "Zero Dark Thirty" nominated for?
About the article "Zero Dark Thirty", section "Accolades".

Candidate passages:
"Zero Dark Thirty" was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Picture,Best Actress, Best Original Screenplay, Best Sound Editing and Best Film Editing.
Paul N. J. Ottosson won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, tying with "Skyfall".
This was only the sixth tie in Academy Awards history, and the first since 1994.
"Zero Dark Thirty" was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, with Chastain winning Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama.
The Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association's award for Best Director was given to Bigelow, the second time the honor has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for "The Hurt Locker").
The film swept critics groups' awards for Best Director and Best Picture including the Washington D.C., New York Film Critics Online, Chicago and Boston film critics associations.
"Zero Dark Thirty" is a 2012 American action thriller directed and co-produced by Kathryn Bigelow with screenplay by Mark Boal.
The film was released in the United States on December 19, 2012, with a limited release at five theaters in Los Angeles and New York City.
It made $124,848 in its limited release weekend, making it one of the biggest limited mid-week openings ever.
As of March 6, 2013, "Zero Dark Thirty" has grossed a worldwide total of $106.8 million.
"Zero Dark Thirty" also received a high critical acclaim, accumulating an approval rating of 94% on the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes.
"Zero Dark Thirty" earned various awards and nominations, with the nominations in categories ranging from recognition of the screenplay to its direction and editing to the cast's acting performance.
It was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress in a Leading Role, Best Original Screenplay, Best Film Editing, and won for Best Sound Editing (tied with Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers for "Skyfall").
It was also nominated for four Golden Globes at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, and won Best Actress – Drama for Jessica Chastain.
The Washington DC Area Film Critics award for Best Director was given to Kathryn Bigelow, the second time the honor has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for "The Hurt Locker").
The film swept critics groups awards for Best Director and Best Picture including Washington DC, New York, Chicago and Boston film critics associations. 
Over its six seasons, "Chicago Hope" was nominated for many accolades and won several, including seven Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe. 
The film was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Motion Picture Promoting International Understanding, losing at the 17th Golden Globe Awards to "The Diary Of Anne Frank".
Question: What century did "tug of war" get its name?
About the article "Tug of war", section "Origins".

Candidate passages:
 7" single  "Tug Of War"  "Get It" (with Carl Perkins)  
The origins of tug of war are uncertain, but it is beyond dispute that this once royal sport was practised in ancient Egypt, Greece and China, where it was held in legend that the Sun and Moon played Tug of War over the light and darkness.
It is also widely believed the sport was made popular in Great Britain by Lord Elliott Simpson, in the 16th Century.
Simpson was a keen tugger.
According to a Tang dynasty book, The Notes of Feng, tug of war, under the name "hook pulling"(牵钩), was used by the military commander of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period (8th century BC to 5th century BC) to train warriors.
During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang promoted large-scale tug of war games, using ropes of up to 167 meters or (547.9 feet) with shorter ropes attached and more than 500 people on each end of the rope.
Each side also had its own team of drummers to encourage the participants.
In ancient Greece the sport was called "helkustinda" (Greek: ἑλκυστίνδα), "efelkustinda" (ἐφελκυστίνδα) and "dielkustinda" (διελκυστίνδα), which derives from "dielkō" (διέλκω), meaning amongst others "I pull through", all deriving from the verb "helkō" (ἕλκω), "I draw, I pull".
"Helkustinda" and "efelkustinda" seem to have been ordinary versions of tug of war, while "dielkustinda" had no rope, according to Julius Pollux.
It is possible that the teams held hands when pulling, which would have increased difficulty, since handgrips are more difficult to sustain than a grip of a rope.
Tug of war games in ancient Greece were among the most popular games used for strength and would help build strength needed for battle in full armor.
Archeological evidence shows that tug of war was also popular in India in 12th century AD:Tug of war stories about heroic champions from Scandinavia and Germany circulate Western Europe where Viking warriors pull animal skins over open pits of fire in tests of strength and endurance in preparation for battle and plunder.1500 and 1600 – tug of war is popularised during tournaments in French châteaux gardens and later in Great Britain1800 – tug of war begins a new tradition among seafaring men who were required to tug on lines to adjust sails while ships were under way and even in battle.
The Mohave Indians occasionally used tug-of-war matches as means of settling disputes.
The "Oxford English Dictionary" says that the phrase "tug of war" originally meant "the decisive contest; the real struggle or tussle; a severe contest for supremacy".
Only in the 19th century was it used as a term for an athletic contest between two teams who haul at the opposite ends of a rope.
As the name suggests the participants get themselves immersed in these events.
These events generally involve tug-o-war, fearfactor,dumbsharaz and many other children like yet highly competitive events. 
"Tug of War" is the title track from Paul McCartney’s 1982 album "Tug of War".  
2011  SOSISKA.RU — sausage tug-of-war  Apple Inc. — working name "fitness instructor"
Question: Luge is played during which season?
About the article "Luge", section "Training".

Candidate passages:
The Luge World Cup season is a yearly competition first organized by the International Luge Federation since 1977–78.
This represents the highest form of competition in the sport. 
Asian Luge Cup is annual luge competition for Asian countries, which held since 1998.
There are men's and women's single events and men's double event.
All editions of Asian Luge Cup held by Spiral bobsleigh luge, and skeleton track at Nagano, Japan. 
The 2007 Luge World Cup is a multi race tournament over a season for luge.
The season started on 18 November 2006 and ended on 18 February 2007.
The World Cup is organised by the FIL. 
The 2007–08 Luge World Cup is a multi race tournament over a season for luge.
The season started on 16 November 2007 and ended on 17 February 2008.
The World Cup is organised by the FIL. 
 FIL European Luge Championships FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships FIL World Luge Championships FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships Luge at the Winter Olympics Luge World Cup "Current Season" "2013-2014"