Question: What did the Nazis do to the Russians and other Slavics?
About the article "Operation Barbarossa", section "Nazi Germany policy towards the Soviet Union".

Candidate passages:
The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups.
Yet two paternal haplogroups predominate: R1a1a and I2a2a [L69.2=T/S163.2.
The frequency of Haplogroup R1a ranges from 63.39% in the Sorbs, through 56.4% in Poland, 54% in Ukraine, 52% in Russia, Belarus, to 15.2% in Republic of Macedonia, 14.7% in Bulgaria and 12.1% in Herzegovina.
The correlation between R1a1a and the speakers of Indo-European languages, particularly those of Eastern Europe (Russian) and Central and Southern Asia, was noticed in the late 1990s.
From this Spencer Wells and colleagues, following the Kurgan hypothesis, deduced that R1a1a arose on the Pontic-Caspian steppe.
Specific studies of Slavic genetics followed.
In 2007 Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland.
The significant findings of this study are that:  Two genetically distant groups of Slavic populations were revealed: One encompassing all Western-Slavic, Eastern-Slavic, and few Southern-Slavic populations (north-western Croats and Slovenes), and one encompassing all remaining Southern Slavs.
According to the authors most Slavic populations have similar Y chromosome pools — R1a.
They speculate that this similarity can be traced to an origin in the middle Dnieper basin of Ukraine during the Late Glacial Maximum 15 kya.
However, Southern-Slavic populations including the Bosnians, Croats (excluding north-western Croatia), Serbs, Bulgarians and Macedonians are clearly separated from the tight DNA cluster of the rest of the Slavic populations.
According to the authors this phenomenon is explained by "... contribution to the Y chromosomes of peoples who settled in the Balkan region before the Slavic expansion to the genetic heritage of Southern Slavs ..." Marcin Woźniak and colleagues (2010) searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a .
Working with haplotypes, they found a pattern among Western Slavs which turned out to correspond to a newly discovered marker, M458, which defines subclade R1a1a7.
This marker correlates remarkably well with the distribution of Slavic-speakers today.
The team led by Peter Underhill, which discovered M458, did not consider the possibility that this was a Slavic marker, since they used the "evolutionary effective" mutation rate, which gave a date far too old to be Slavic.
Woźniak and colleagues pointed out that the pedigree mutation rate, giving a later date, is more consistent with the archaeological record.
Pomors are distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N among them.
Postulated to originate from southeast Asia, it is found at high rates in Uralic peoples.
Its presence in Pomors (called "Northern Russians" in the report) attests to the non-Slavic tribes (mixing with Finnic tribes of northern Eurasia).
Autosomally, Russians are generally similar to populations in central-eastern Europe but some northern Russians are intermediate to Finno-Ugric groups.
On the other hand I2a1b1 (P41.2) is typical of the South Slavic populations, being highest in Bosnia-Herzegovina (>50%).
Haplogroup I2a2 is also commonly found in north-eastern Italians.
There is also a high concentration of I2a2a in the Moldavian region of Romania, Moldova and western Ukraine.
According to original studies, Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen in the west Balkans sometime after the LGM, subsequently spreading from the Balkans through Central Russian Plain.
Recently, Ken Nordtvedt has split I2a2 into two clades – N (northern) and S (southern), in relation where they arose compared to Danube river.
He proposes that N is slightly older than S. He recalculated the age of I2a2 to be ~ 2550 years and proposed that the current distribution is explained by a Slavic expansion from the area north-east of the Carpathians.
In 2008, biochemist Boris Abramovich Malyarchuk () et al.
of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia, used a sample (n=279) of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Mongoloid" "mtDNA lineages".
Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of "Slavic populations" with "1.8%" Mongoloid mtDNA lineage.
Malyarchuk added that "Slavic populations" "almost always" contain Mongoloid mtDNA lineage.
Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in 2,000–3,000 BC with additional Mongoloid mixture occurring among Slavics in the last 4,000 years.
Malyarchuk said the "Russian population" was developed by the "assimilation of the indigenous pre-Slavic population of Eastern Europe by true Slavs" with additional "assimilation of Finno-Ugric populations" and "long-lasting" interactions with the populations of "Siberia" and "Central Asia".
Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations (Huns, Avars, Bulgars and Mongols)", especially the decay of the "Avar Khaganate".DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations.
Taken together, they account for 95% of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool.
Only (0.7%) fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South Asian populations.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of all major European haplogroups, which were characterized by similar patterns of distribution in Poles and Russians.
An analysis of the DNA did not reveal any specific combinations of unique mtDNA haplotypes and their subclusters.
The DNA clearly shows that both Poles and Russians are not different from the neighbouring European populations. 
At around the time of the incident, Russian President Boris Yeltsin compared the Chechens to the Nazis during the 50th anniversary of the Soviet Union's victory in WWII.
The news of the massacre embarrassed Yeltsin's foreign guests, including Bill Clinton and John Major; The European Union expressed its concern regarding the incident, while Washington had warned that the events of Chechnya could wreck the anniversary event.
Member of the State Duma Anatoly Shabad, who was smuggled to the village by Chechen women, compared the Russian troops to Nazi extermination squads: "What happened there was a large-scale punitive operation aimed at destroying the population.
There was no organized resistance in Samashki.
It was surely planned with the idea to kill as many as possible, in order to achieve a threatening effect."
The head of the Department of Caucasian Studies at the Russian Academy of Sciences Sergei Arutiunov compared the massacre to that of "Khatyn in Belarus, Lidice in Czechoslovakia" and said that the name Samashki "sounds more sinister than My Lai in Vietnam."
The English-language newspaper "The Moscow News" wrote in an editorial: "What the Russians did in Samashki is what the Germans did to us throughout the war , but Russians did this to their own people.
And that is unforgivable.
What happened in Samashki during those days has only one definition.
Genocide."
On the other hand, Stanislav Govorukhin of the official commission said "nothing unethical" has happened in Samashki.
The brutality displayed in Samashki by Russian MVD forces succeeded in terrorizing many in Chechnya.
Soon afterwards, neighboring towns and villages capitulated to the federal forces.
Several other villages through Chechnya made bilateral truces with the Russians and asked the Chechen separatist forces to leave, although they secretly kept supporting Dudayev's government. 
Sixsmith was born in Cheshire.
He was educated at the Manchester Grammar School where he studied Russian to A-level, then at New College, Oxford, Harvard, the Sorbonne University in Paris, and in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad), in Russia.
He was a Slavics tutor at Harvard and wrote his postgraduate thesis about Russian poetry. 
Steven Franks is a British born American linguist and researcher in the fields of syntax and slavics.
Franks has written numerous books that have significantly contributed to Slavic linguistics.
He is currently a professor of Linguistics, Slavic Languages and Literatures, and Cognitive Science, as well as an adjunct professor of Speech and Hearing Sciences and lives in Bloomington, Indiana with his family. 
There are two Russian words which are commonly translated into English as "Russians": "русские" ("russkiye"), which means "ethnic Russians" and "россияне" ("rossiyane"), which means "citizens of Russia".
The first word refers to all ethnic Russians, regardless of what country they live in and irrespective of whether or not they hold Russian citizenship, and does not include members of Russia's ethnic minorities.
The second word refers to all people holding citizenship of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity, and does not include ethnic Russians living outside of Russia.
English translations do not always distinguish these two words.