Question: Why did pieds noirs go back to France in the 60s?
About the article "France", section "Demographics".

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The majority of the inhabitants of the town are pieds-noirs from Northwest Africa who immigrated to France in the 1960s.
Sarcelles is also home to a vibrant Jewish community and the largest concentration of Assyrians in France. 
This is a list of notable Pieds-Noirs (French pronunciation: [pjenwaʁ], Black-Foot), a term referring to French citizens who lived in French Algeria before independence, from 1830 to 1962.
Specifically, Pieds-Noirs include those of European settlers descent from France or other European countries (such as Spain, Italy and Malta), who were born in Algeria. 
The exodus began once it became clear that Algeria would become independent.
In Algiers, it was reported that by May 1961 the "Pieds-Noirs' " morale had sunk because of violence and allegations that the entire community of French nationals had been responsible for "terrorism, torture, colonial racism, and ongoing violence in general" and because the group felt "rejected by the nation as "Pieds-Noirs" ".
These factors, the Oran Massacre, and the referendum for independence caused the "Pied-Noir" exodus to begin in earnest.
And the murders committed by the FLN.
The number of "Pied-Noirs" who fled Algeria totaled more than 800,000 between 1962 and 1964.
Hurried, many "Pieds-Noirs" left only with what they could carry in a suitcase.
Adding to the confusion, the de Gaulle government ordered the French Navy not to help with transportation of French citizens.
By September 1962, cities such as Oran, Bône, and Sidi-Bel-Abbès were half-empty.
All administration, police, schools, justice, and commercial activities stopped within three months after many were told to choose either ""la valise ou le cercueil"" (the suitcase or the coffin).
200,000 "Pieds-Noirs" chose to remain, but they gradually left through the following decade; by the 1980s only a few thousand "Pieds-Noirs" remained in Algeria.
The flight of the "Pied-Noirs" dwarfed that of the Muslim harkis who had fought on the French side during the Algerian War.
Of approximately 250,000 Muslim loyalists only about 90,000, including dependents, were able to escape to France and of those who remained many thousands were killed by lynch mobs or executed as traitors by the F.L.N.
In contrast to the treatment of the European "Pied-Noirs", little effort was made by the French government to extend protection to the harkis or to arrange their organised evacuation. 
For more than a century France maintained colonial rule in Algerian territory.
This allowed exceptions to republican law, including Sharia laws applied by Islamic customary courts to Muslim women which gave women certain rights to property and inheritance which they did not have under French law.
Discontent among the Muslim Algerians grew after the World Wars, in which the Algerians sustained many casualties.
Algerian nationalists began efforts aimed at furthering equality by listing complaints in the "Manifesto of the Algerian People", which requested equal representation under the state and access to citizenship, but no equality for all citizens to preserve Islamic precepts.
The French response was to grant citizenship to 60,000 "meritorious" Muslims.
During a reform effort in 1947, the French created a bicameral legislaturewith one house for the French citizens and another for the Muslims but made a European's vote equal seven times a Muslim's vote.
Paramilitary groups such as the Front de Libération nationale (FLN) appeared, claiming an Arabo-Islamic brotherhood and state.
This led to the outbreak of a war for independence, the Algerian War, in 1954.
From first armed operations of November 1954, 'Pieds-Noirs' civilians have always been targets for FLN, either by assassination, bombing bars and cinemas and mass massacres, torture and rapes in farms.
At the onset of the war, the "Pieds-noirs" believed the French military would be able to overcome opposition.
In May 1958 a demonstration for French Algeria, led by Pieds-Noirs but including many Muslims, occupied an Algerian government building.
General Massu controlled the riot by forming a Committee of Public Safety demanding that his acquaintance Charles de Gaulle be named president of the French Fourth Republic, to prevent the "abandonment of Algeria".
This eventually led to the fall of the Republic.
In response, the French Parliament voted 329 to 224 to place de Gaulle in power.
Once de Gaulle assumed leadership, he attempted peace by visiting Algeria within three days of his appointment claiming "French Algeria!"
but in September 1959 he planned a referendum for Algerian self-determination that passed overwhelmingly.
Many French political and military leaders in Algeria viewed this as betrayal and formed the Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS) that had much support among 'Pieds-Noirs'.
This paramilitary group began attacking officials representing de Gaulle's authority, Muslims, and de Gaulle himself.
The OAS was also accused of murders and bombings nullifying reconciliation opportunities between the communities, while 'Pieds-Noirs' themselves never believed such reconciliation possible as their community was targeted from the start.
The opposition culminated in 1961 during the Algiers putsch of 1961, led by retired generals.
After this failure, on 18 March 1962, de Gaulle and the FLN signed a cease-fire agreement, the Évian accords, and held a referendum.
In July, Algerians voted 5,975,581 to 16,534 to become independent from France.
This was an occasion for a massacre of 'Pieds-Noirs' in Oran by a suburban Muslim population.
European people were shot, molested and brought to Petit-Lac slaughterhouse where they were tortured and executed. 
 and exodus.
Algerian War.
For more than a century France maintained colonial rule in Algerian territory.
This allowed exceptions to republican law, including Sharia laws applied by Islamic customary courts to Muslim women which gave women certain rights to property and inheritance which they did not have under French law.
Discontent among the Muslim Algerians grew after the World Wars, in which the Algerians sustained many casualties.
Algerian nationalists began efforts aimed at furthering equality by listing complaints in the "Manifesto of the Algerian People", which requested equal representation under the state and access to citizenship, but no equality for all citizens to preserve Islamic precepts.
The French response was to grant citizenship to 60,000 "meritorious" Muslims.
During a reform effort in 1947, the French created a bicameral legislature with one house for the French citizens and another for the Muslims but made a European's vote equal seven times a Muslim's vote.
Paramilitary groups such as the Front de Libération nationale (FLN) appeared, claiming an Arabo-Islamic brotherhood and state.
This led to the outbreak of a war for independence, the Algerian War, in 1954.
From first armed operations of November 1954, 'Pieds-Noirs' civilians have always been targets for FLN, either by assassination, bombing bars and cinemas and mass massacres, torture and rapes in farms.
At the onset of the war, the "Pieds-noirs" believed the French military would be able to overcome opposition.
In May 1958 a demonstration for French Algeria, led by Pieds-Noirs but including many Muslims, occupied an Algerian government building.
General Massu controlled the riot by forming a Committee of Public Safety demanding that his acquaintance Charles de Gaulle be named president of the French Fourth Republic, to prevent the "abandonment of Algeria".
This eventually led to the fall of the Republic.
In response, the French Parliament voted 329 to 224 to place de Gaulle in power.
Once de Gaulle assumed leadership, he attempted peace by visiting Algeria within three days of his appointment claiming "French Algeria!"
but in September 1959 he planned a referendum for Algerian self-determination that passed overwhelmingly.
Many French political and military leaders in Algeria viewed this as betrayal and formed the Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS) that had much support among 'Pieds-Noirs'.
This paramilitary group began attacking officials representing de Gaulle's authority, Muslims, and de Gaulle himself.
The OAS was also accused of murders and bombings nullifying reconciliation opportunities between the communities, while 'Pieds-Noirs' themselves never believed such reconciliation possible as their community was targeted from the start.
The opposition culminated in 1961 during the Algiers putsch of 1961, led by retired generals.
After this failure, on 18 March 1962, de Gaulle and the FLN signed a cease-fire agreement, the Évian accords, and held a referendum.
In July, Algerians voted 5,975,581 to 16,534 to become independent from France.
This was an occasion for a massacre of 'Pieds-Noirs' in Oran by a suburban Muslim population.
European people were shot, molested and brought to Petit-Lac slaughterhouse where they were tortured and executed.