Question: What part binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis?
About the article "RNA", section "In translation".

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information about a protein sequence to the ribosomes, the protein synthesis factories in the cell.
It is coded so that every three nucleotides (a codon) correspond to one amino acid.
In eukaryotic cells, once precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) has been transcribed from DNA, it is processed to mature mRNA.
This removes its introns—non-coding sections of the pre-mRNA.
The mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into its corresponding protein form with the help of tRNA.
In prokaryotic cells, which do not have nucleus and cytoplasm compartments, mRNA can bind to ribosomes while it is being transcribed from DNA.
After a certain amount of time the message degrades into its component nucleotides with the assistance of ribonucleases.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA chain of about 80 nucleotides that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.
It has sites for amino acid attachment and an anticodon region for codon recognition that binds to a specific sequence on the messenger RNA chain through hydrogen bonding.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the catalytic component of the ribosomes.
Eukaryotic ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA.
Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleolus, and one is synthesized elsewhere.
In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome.
The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis.
Several ribosomes may be attached to a single mRNA at any time.
Nearly all the RNA found in a typical eukaryotic cell is rRNA.
Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) is found in many bacteria and plastids.
It tags proteins encoded by mRNAs that lack stop codons for degradation and prevents the ribosome from stalling.
Azithromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.
It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, and thus inhibits translation of mRNA.
Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected. 
For some RNA (non-coding RNA) the mature RNA is the final gene product.
In the case of messenger RNA (mRNA) the RNA is an information carrier coding for the synthesis of one or more proteins.
mRNA carrying a single protein sequence (common in eukaryotes) is monocistronic whilst mRNA carrying multiple protein sequences (common in prokaryotes) is known as polycistronic.
Every mRNA consists of three parts - 5' untranslated region (5'UTR), protein-coding region or open reading frame (ORF) and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR).
The coding region carries information for protein synthesis encoded by the genetic code to form triplets.
Each triplet of nucleotides of the coding region is called a codon and corresponds to a binding site complementary to an anticodon triplet in transfer RNA.
Transfer RNAs with the same anticodon sequence always carry an identical type of amino acid.
Amino acids are then chained together by the ribosome according to the order of triplets in the coding region.
The ribosome helps transfer RNA to bind to messenger RNA and takes the amino acid from each transfer RNA and makes a structure-less protein out of it.
Each mRNA molecule is translated into many protein molecules, on average ~2800 in mammals.
In prokaryotes translation generally occurs at the point of transcription (co-transcriptionally), often using a messenger RNA that is still in the process of being created.
In eukaryotes translation can occur in a variety of regions of the cell depending on where the protein being written is supposed to be.
Major locations are the cytoplasm for soluble cytoplasmic proteins and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum for proteins that are for export from the cell or insertion into a cell membrane.
Proteins supposed to express at the endoplasmic reticulum are recognised part-way through the translation process.
This is governed by the signal recognition particle—a protein that binds to the ribosome and directs it to the endoplasmic reticulum when it finds a signal peptide on the growing (nascent) amino acid chain.
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text 
  Chemical messenger, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, a molecule used for cellular signalling  Messenger RNA (mRNA), RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in a cell  
Ribosomes are the workhorses of protein biosynthesis, the process of translating mRNA into protein.
The mRNA comprises a series of codons that dictate to the ribosome the sequence of the amino acids needed to make the protein.
Using the mRNA as a template, the ribosome traverses each codon (3 nucleotides) of the mRNA, pairing it with the appropriate amino acid provided by an aminoacyl-tRNA.
aminoacyl-tRNA contains a complementary anticodon on one end and the appropriate amino acid on the other.
The small ribosomal subunit, typically bound to an aminoacyl-tRNA containing the amino acid methionine, binds to an AUG codon on the mRNA and recruits the large ribosomal subunit.
The ribosome contains three RNA binding sites, designated A, P and E. The A site binds an aminoacyl- RNA; the P site binds a peptidyl-tRNA (a tRNA bound to the peptide being synthesized); and the E site binds a free tRNA before it exits the ribosome.
Protein synthesis begins at a start codon AUG near the 5' end of the mRNA.
mRNA binds to the P site of the ribosome first.
The ribosome is able to identify the start codon by use of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the mRNA in prokaryotes and Kozak box in eukaryotes.
Although catalysis of the peptide bond involves the C2 hydroxyl of RNA's P-site (see Function section below) adenosine in a protein shuttle mechanism, other steps in protein synthesis (such as translocation) are caused by changes in protein conformations.
Since their catalytic core is made of RNA, ribosomes are classified as "ribozymes," and it is thought that they might be remnants of the RNA world.
In Figure 5, both ribosomal subunits (small and large) assemble at the start codon (towards the 5' end of the RNA).
The ribosome uses RNA that matches the current codon (triplet) on the mRNA to append an amino acid to the polypeptide chain.
This is done for each triplet on the RNA, while the ribosome moves towards the 3' end of the mRNA.
Usually in bacterial cells, several ribosomes are working parallel on a single RNA, forming what is called a"polyribosome" or "polysome".