Question: What does "kebab" usually refer to?
About the article "Kebab", section "Shish".

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Types of kebabs (mainly made of beef or lamb) are:  Seekh kebab () - A long skewer of beef mixed with herbs and seasonings.
Takes its name from the skewer.
Shami kebab () - A Shami kebab is a small patty of minced beef or chicken and ground chickpeas and spices.
Chapli kebab () - A spiced, tangy round kebab made of ground beef and cooked in animal fat.
A speciality of Peshawar in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.
Chicken kebab () (Moorgh-Kuh-bob) - A popular kebab that is found both with bone and without.
Lamb kebab () - The all lamb meat kebab is usually served as cubes.
Bihari kebab () - Skewer of beef mixed with herbs and seasoning.
Shashlik () - Grilled baby lamb chops (usually from the leg), typically marinated  Bun kebab () - A unique kebab sandwich  Shawarma () - It is usually a kebab or lamb strips in a naan with chutney and salad.
Tikka kebab () - A kebab made of beef, lamb or chicken, cut into cubes, marinated with a yogurt blend and grilled on coals.
Boti kebab - A kebab made from fillet of meat and is popular in Multan.
Sometimes marinated with green papaya to help tenderize the meat.  
Shish kebab ("Şiş", pronounced , meaning "skewer" is a Turkish word.)
is a dish consisting of meat threaded on a skewer and grilled.
Any kind of meat may be used; cubes of fruit or vegetables are often threaded on the spit as well.
Typical vegetables include tomato, bell pepper, onions, and mushrooms.
In the USA, the word "kebab" usually refers to shish kebab.
Kebabs in India are more or less similar to most other kebab preparations along with their distinct taste which can be credited to the spices native to the Indian subcontinent.
All the varieties such as sheekh, doner (known as shawarma), shammi tikka, and other forms of roasted and grilled meats are savoured in South Asia.
Some popular kebabs are:  Kakori kebab  Shami kebab  Kalmi kebab  Kacche gosht ke chapli kebab  Tunda kebab (prepared with pumpkin)  Sambhali kebab  Galawati kebab  Boti kebab  Hara bhara kebab  Kathi kebab  Reshmi kebab  Lasoni kebab  Chicken malai kebab  Tikka kebab  Tangdi kebab ("tangdi" meaning "leg of the chicken")  Kaleji kebab  Hariali chicken kebab  Bihari kebab Soovar ki saanth (Wild boar pork belly kebabs from Rajputs of Rajasthan) Rajpooti soolah (Game meat-wild boar, deer & partridge barbecue kebabs made with a special "Kachari" (wild melon) sauce by Rajputs in Rajasthan)  
Burrah kebab is another kebab from Mughlai Cuisine, fairly popular in South Asia.
This is usually made of goat meat, liberally marinated with spices and charcoal grilled. 
Döner kebab, literally "rotating kebab" in Turkish, is sliced lamb, beef, or chicken, slowly roasted on a vertical rotating spit.
The Middle Eastern shawarma, Mexican tacos al pastor, and Greek gyros are all derived from the Turkish döner kebab, which was invented in Bursa in the 19th century by a cook named Hacı İskender.Döner kebab is most popularly served in pita bread, as it is best known, with salad, but is also served in a dish with a salad and bread or French fries on the side, or used for Turkish pizzas called lahmacun or "kebabpizza".
Take-out döner kebab or shawarma restaurants are common in England and in many parts of Europe.
Döner kebab is popular in many European countries, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia.
In parts of Europe, "kebab" usually refers to döner kebab in pita.
The German-style döner kebab was supposedly invented by a Turkish immigrant in Berlin in the 1970s and became a popular German take-away food during the 1990s.
It is almost exclusively sold by Turks and considered a Turkish specialty in Germany.
Australian döner kebabs are usually served in wraps which are toasted before serving.
In Australia and the UK, kebabs or döner meat and chips are popularly eaten after a night out, representing a large part of nightlife culture.
As a result, many kebab shops and vans will do their main business in the hours around closing time for local pubs and clubs (usually from 10 pm to 4 am).
The same applies for Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, Scandinavia, Hungary and Italy.
It is therefore not uncommon to find similar late-night kebab vending shops in holiday-clubbing destinations such as Ibiza and Thailand.
Health concerns about döner kebab, including unacceptable salt and fat levels and improper labeling of meat used, are repeatedly reported in UK media.