community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: How is it theorized sex evolved?
About the article "Biology", section "Basic unresolved problems in biology".

Candidate passages:
There are two conflicting theories on how meiosis arose.
One is that meiosis evolved from bacterial sex (called transformation) as bacteria evolved into eukaryotes.
The other is that meiosis arose from mitosis. 
There are two conflicting theories on how meiosis arose.
One is that meiosis evolved from bacterial sex (called transformation) during the evolution of eukaryotes.
The other is that meiosis arose from mitosis. 
Sex steroids also affect behavior, because sex steroids affect our brain structure and functioning.
During development, hormones help determine how neurons synapse and migrate to result in sexual dimorphisms.
These physical differences lead to differences in behavior.
While GnRH has not been shown to have any direct influence on regulating brain structure and function, gonadotropins, sex steroids, and activin have been shown to have such effects.
It is thought that FSH may have an important role in brain development and differentiation.
Testosterone levels have been shown to relate to aggression and sex drive.
This helps create synaptogenesis by promoting neurite development and migration.
Activin promotes neural plasticity throughout the lifespan and regulates the neurotransmitters of peripheral neurons.
Environment can also affect hormones and behavior interaction.
Women have more connections between areas of language better enabling them to communicate than men.
On average men out perform women on spatial reasoning tests, which is theorized to result from sexual differences.
Testosterone has been linked to aggression and sex drive; therefore men tend to be more competitive or aggressive than women.
There is also a large amount of individual diversity within all these traits and hormone levels. 
The History of Italian fashion refers to important events and occasions which marked Italian fashion and how it evolved to being how it is today. 
Fossils of arcellinid testate amoebae date back to the Cryogenian period.
Testate amoebae are theorized to be mostly polyphyletic (coming from more than one ancestral type), but testaceafilosea, one group of testate amoebae, are theorized to be made up of one ancestral type (monophyletic).
Ancient tests of terrestrial fauna are commonly found in fossilized amber, although an important new study has found mid-Cretaceous testate amoeba (i.e., "Diffligia", "Cucurbitella") in ancient lake sediments.
It is likely that the group has evolved minimally over the course of the Phanerozoic.
Question: What is baseball?
About the article "Baseball", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Ross Straw is an Australian Olympic coach and former olympic baseball competitor.
He was first appointed national coaching director (appointed by what was then the Australian Baseball Council, now the Australian Baseball Federation) in 1975 and formed Australia’s first national elite coaching committee. 
Baseball is available at Berkmar High School. 
Baseball is the official sport of Cuba. 
Saskatchewan Baseball is the provincial governing body for baseball in Saskatchewan. 
Baseball Alberta is the provincial governing body for baseball in Alberta.
Question: Where is the location of the law firm in this show?
About the article "The Good Wife", section "Season 1".

Candidate passages:
In the TV show "Suits", 601 Lexington is the address of the fictional law firm Pearson Hardman. 
In this example, Firm x and Firm y will maximize their profit by increasing their consumer pool.
Firm x will move slightly toward Firm y, in order to gain Firm y’s customers.
In response, Firm y will move slightly toward Firm x to re-establish its loss, and increase the pool from its competitor.
The cycle repeats until both firms are at point formula_3, the halfway point of the street where each firm has the same amount of customers.
If only Firm x can relocate without costs and Firm y is fixed, Firm x will move to the side of Firm y where the consumer pool is maximized.
Consequently, the profits gained from Firm X significantly increase, while Firm Y incurs a significant loss. 
The original studio location was on the 4th floor of the WPTZ-TV (now KYW-TV) studio location at 1619 Walnut Street in Philadelphia.
That studio was very small and accommodated approximately 45 audience members.
The basement studio of the same building is where "The Mike Douglas Show" was aired from June 1965 until July 1972.
This studio was totally gutted and transformed into offices for an architectural firm in 2002. 
"The Deep End" was created by David Hemingson, co-executive producer of "How I Met Your Mother".
Before he became a writer and a producer, Hemingson was formerly an associate in a law firm.
"The Deep End" is based on Hemingson's early work experience as an attorney.
Due to the cost of filming on location in Los Angeles where the story takes place, the show was filmed on a soundstage in the planned community of Las Colinas in Irving, Texas.
Despite the change in location, references to local Los Angeles landmarks were still made on the show.
20th Century Fox Television produced the show for ABC.
The show was described as "L.A. Law" meets "Grey's Anatomy".
Hemingson said the show contains "the back-stabbing of The Devil Wears Prada and the sun-drenched bed-hopping of Entourage".
Texas Film Commission head Bob Hudgins estimated production costs at about $20 million.
ABC scheduled six episodes of "The Deep End" for Thursday nights. 
Yingke Law Firm (Yingke) is an international commercial law firm headquartered in Beijing, China.
It is the largest China-based law firm measured by number of lawyers.
Question: How was the soundtrack released initially?
About the article "Toy Story 3", section "Music".

Candidate passages:
The soundtrack was composed and arranged by Shunsuke Kida.
The soundtrack was initially only released in North America, before being included as part of the European release. 
  A soundtrack album entitled "How I Met Your Music: Original Songs from the Hit Series" was released digitally to iTunes on September 24, 2012.  
The soundtrack to "The Soloist" was released on April 21, 2009. 
The soundtrack to "The Abyss" was released on August 22, 1989. 
The soundtrack to the film Rockers was released in 1979.
Question: What album features this son as a bonus track?
About the article "All I Want for Christmas Is You", section "Remixes, Extra Festive, and Superfestive versions".

Candidate passages:
  Circuit City's Edition comes with a free poster.
Best Buy's Version comes with a free ringtone for "True Romance," as well as an exclusive bonus track, "... And A Song For Los Angeles."
iTunes US has a bonus track, "Love to Sleep," with purchase of the full album.
Some independent record stores have a version with an SWR remix of "What I Want" as a bonus track on the cd as well as a free red vinyl 12-inch which features an instrumental version of "Written In Blood" (as well as the album version) and the dark instrumental track "These Two Words."
 The UK Bonus Edition features "Let Me Go (Acoustic Version)" as a bonus track.
The iTunes version features "Be Somebody (Acoustic Version)" as an album-only track, appearing after "Here by Me".  
The 1995 2-disc collection features a standard collection of hits similar to Tyler's myriad of Greatest Hits albums.
What stands out, however, is the bonus second disc that contains a special five-track collection of extended material.
"Total Eclipse of the Heart" appears on the bonus, as does a special Jellybean Mix of "Holding Out for a Hero".
The only bonus track not on the main 18-track album is the extended "Band of Gold". 
 Canadian iTunes bonus track Amazon.co.uk bonus track Track listing.
The iTunes LP edition also features a video of a live performance of "The Fixer" as well as a short documentary on the making of the album. 
The Greatest Hits ia a compilation album by the Canadian Rock band Toronto, released in 1984.
Tha album features two new studio tracks: "Andrea" and "Me Generation".
The CD release features the bonus track "What About Love", as well as music videos for three songs.
Question: What is the population of Brazil as of 2008?
About the article "Brazil", section "Demographics".

Candidate passages:
Prudentópolis is a Brazilian city in the state of Paraná, in Southern Brazil.
As of 2008, it had a population of 50,614 people.
It is the center of the Ukrainian community in Brazil. 
Apucarana is a municipality in the state of Paraná in Brazil.
The municipality covers at an elevation of above mean sea level.
Its 2008 population was estimated as 120,133. 
Rorainópolis is a municipality located in the southernmost point of the state of Roraima in Brazil.
Its population is 25,714 (as of 2008) and its area is 33,594 km².
The city is crossed by the equator line. 
Itabirinha de Mantena known as "Itabirinha" is a city located at east side of Minas Gerais state in Brazil, in the region of Rio Doce.
The population of the city is 10.734 in 2008 
Dom Feliciano is a town in the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
As of 2008, it had a population of 15,151 people, of whom 90% are of Polish descent.
Question: What was Salvator Gravano's nickname?
About the article "The Godfather", section "Critical response".

Candidate passages:
Because he had bucked his shins in one of his trials while training in California, Salvator did not start racing until August of his two-year-old season He made his debut in the Junior Champion Stakes against a seasoned colt, Proctor Knott (sired by the great Luke Blackburn).
Proctor Knott, who'd already run six races (and who in the following year would lose the Kentucky Derby to Spokane in what seemed a dead heat), was the one horse Salvator could never beat.
In his first start, Salvator came in third.
Proctor Knott and Salvator met three weeks later in the new Futurity at Coney Island and again Proctor Knott won, but this time Salvator came second by only half a length.
The Futurity had attracted a great of attention because at the time it was the richest race in America.
Proctor Knott, winning it and thereby winning more money than most 19th century horses in a lifetime, did not race again that year.
Salvator, meanwhile, went on to win four races in a row: the Flatbush, the Maple, the Tuckahoe and the Titan stakes.
Salvator met Proctor Knott only once as a three year old in the Omnibus Stakes.
Neither of them won, but Proctor Knott beat Salvator by placing, while Salvator showed.
It was a blanket finish in which a colt called Longstreet (a son of Longfellow, who was known as "King of the Turf") won.
Salvator never lost again.
Four days later, he won the Jersey Handicap.
He also won all seven of his other races that year, while Proctor Knott won only twice in nine starts.
In the Tidal Stakes at Sheepshead Bay, Salvator beat Eric, the winner of the Belmont Stakes. 
Salvator Tongiorgi (25 December 1820 - 12 November 1865) was an Italian Jesuit philosopher and theologian. 
Joseph Paruta, also known as ""Old Man"" and ""Sammy Gravano's Personal Luca Brasi"" (December 3, 1929-October 1986 Brooklyn, New York) was a mobster in the Gambino crime family and considered a "key member" of Sammy Gravano's Bensonhurst, Brooklyn crew.
He is the only known mobster who asked for a mercy killing after becoming terminally ill with lung cancer.
The proposition was agreed upon but Paruta died before the mercy killing was performed. 
Salvator was the third child and second-eldest son of Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria and his wife Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria.
Through his mother, Hubert Salvator was a grandson of Franz Joseph I of Austria and his wife Elisabeth of Bavaria. 
Archduke Leopold Salvator, Prince of Tuscany (October 15, 1863 – September 4, 1931), was the son of Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria and Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1844–1899).
He died, aged 67, in Vienna.
Question: On what day did the United States issue a declaration of war against Germany and Italy?
About the article "Attack on Pearl Harbor", section "Aftermath".

Candidate passages:
On December 11, 1941, Germany declared war upon the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was formally neutral during World War Two.
Later that day, the United States declared war on Germany. 
On December 11, 1941 the United States Congress passed the Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between The Government of Italy and the Government and the People of the United States and Making Provisions to Prosecute the Same, thereby declaring war against Italy.
It also declared war upon Germany that same day. 
On December 8, 1941 the United States Congress declared war upon the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day.
It was formulated an hour after the "Infamy Speech" presidential address of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Following the declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, definitively bringing the United States into World War II. 
Declarations of war.
The table below lists the five wars in which the United States has formally declared war against eleven foreign nations.
The only country against which the United States has declared war more than once is Germany, against which the United States has declared war twice (though a case could be made for Hungary as a successor state to Austria-Hungary).
In World War II, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
Germany and Italy, led respectively by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, declared war on the United States, and the U.S. Congress responded in kind. 
On 11 December 1941, Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany declared war on the United States, the same day that the United States declared war on Germany and Italy.
Question: What country is Taekwondo baised out of?
About the article "Taekwondo", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
As of 2013 there are approximately 784 schools recognized by and registered with the USAT, with only three out of the fifty state not having any schools.
The number of schools in each state along with the name of the corresponding state association is provided below.
Taekwondo is a martial art sport that is growing in popularity.
The Isle of Man Taekwondo Association link was admitted as an associate member of the World Taekwondo Federation in 2006 and the Isle of Man can compete as a country in WTF competitions. 
Sports Taekwondo Australia is the governing body for the sport of taekwondo in Australia. 
Daniel Trenton (born 1 March 1977) is an Australian taekwondo coach and formerly represented his country in the sport at international level.
He won a silver medal in the heavyweight (+80 kg) division of men's taekwondo at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Trenton was Head Coach of Australia's Olympic taekwondo team in 2008. 
The thermochemical two-step water splitting process uses two redox steps.
The steps of solar hydrogen production by iron baised two-step cycle are:Where M can by any number of metals often Fe itself, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn or mixtures thereof.
The endothermic reduction step (1) is carried out at high temperatures greater than 1400 oC, though the "Hercynite cycle" is capable of temperatures as low as 1200 oC.
The oxidative water splitting step (2) occurs at a lower ~1000 oC temperature which produces the original ferrite material in addition to hydrogen gas.
The temperature level is realized by using a solar power tower and a set of heliostats to collect the solar thermal energy.
Question: What percentage of people are Tai?
About the article "Thailand", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
The Red Tai or Tai Daeng are an ethnic group of Vietnam.
They speak the Tai Daeng language. 
White Tai or Tai Kao, Tai Dón, Dai Duan is an ethnic group of Laos and Vietnam. 
Men are the heads of White Tai households, although division of labor is nearly equal. 
Tai Lü (Tai Lü: ᦅᧄᦑᦺᦟᦹᧉ, "kam tai lue", ) or Tai Lɯ, Tai Lue, Tai Le; Xishuangbanna Dai (Chinese: 傣仂语 Dǎilèyǔ; , "phasa tai lue", ; or ) is a Tai language spoken by about 700,000 people in South East Asia.
This includes 280,000 people in China (Yunnan), 200,000 in Burma, 134,000 in Laos, 83,000 in Thailand, and 4,960 in Vietnam.
The language is similar to other Tai languages and is closely related to Tai Yuan, which is also known as Northern Thai language.
In Yunnan, it is spoken in all of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, as well as Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County in Pu'er City.
In Vietnam, Tai Lü speakers are officially recognised as the Lự ethnic minority, although in China they are classified as part of the Dai people, along with speakers of the other Tai languages apart from Zhuang.
The Bajia people (), who number 1,106 individuals in Mengkang Village (), Meng'a Town (), Menghai County, Yunnan, speak a language closely related to Tai Lü. 
 ""Tai Long" redirects here.
Other languages called "Tai Long (Tai Rong)" "Great Tai" include Shan."
Note: To view Tai Nüa letters, you will have to download a Unicode font that contains Tai Nüa glyphs.
Tai Nüa (Tai Nüa: ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ) (also called Tai Nɯa, Dehong Dai, or Chinese Shan; own name: lə6, which means "upper Tai" or "northern Tai", or ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ ; Chinese: "Dǎinǎyǔ" 傣哪语 or "Déhóng Dǎiyǔ" 德宏傣语; , or , ) is one of the languages spoken by the Dai people in China, especially in the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in the southwest of Yunnan province.
It is closely related to the other Tai languages.
Speakers of this language across the border in Myanmar are known as Shan.
It should not be confused with Tai Lü (Xishuangbanna Dai).
There are also "Tai Nüa" speakers in Thailand.
Question: What actor was prevented from working on the movie Silver Linings Playbook due to having to film The Dark Knight Rises?
About the article "Silver Linings Playbook", section "Casting".

Candidate passages:
Movie of the Year.
The Avengers  "The Dark Knight Rises"  "Django Unchained"  "Silver Linings Playbook"  "Ted"  
  "Argo"  "Zero Dark Thirty"  "Lincoln"  "Moonrise Kingdom"  "Silver Linings Playbook"  "Beasts of the Southern Wild"  "The Master"  "Les Misérables"  "Life of Pi"  "The Dark Knight Rises"  
  "Argo"  "Beasts of the Southern Wild"  "The Dark Knight Rises"  "Django Unchained"  "Les Misérables"  "Life of Pi"  "Lincoln"  "Moonrise Kingdom"  "Silver Linings Playbook"  "Zero Dark Thirty"  
10th Iowa Film Critics AwardsJanuary 9, 2013Best Film:The "10th Iowa Film Critics Awards", honoring the best in film for 2012, were held on 9 January 2013.
Best Actor  Daniel Day-Lewis - "Lincoln"  Bradley Cooper - "Silver Linings Playbook"  John Hawkes - "The Sessions" Best Actress  Jessica Chastain - "Zero Dark Thirty"  Jennifer Lawrence - "Silver Linings Playbook"  Emmanuelle Riva - "Amour" Best Animated Feature  Brave  "ParaNorman"  "Wreck-It Ralph" Best Director  Steven Spielberg - "Lincoln"  Kathryn Bigelow - "Zero Dark Thirty"  Tom Hooper - "Les Misérables" Best Film  Lincoln  "Silver Linings Playbook"  "Zero Dark Thirty" Best Film Yet to Open in Iowa  Amour Best Supporting Actor  Tommy Lee Jones - "Lincoln"  Alan Arkin - "Argo"  Robert De Niro - "Silver Linings Playbook" Best Supporting Actress  Anne Hathaway - "Les Misérables"  Amy Adams - "The Master"  Helen Hunt - "The Sessions"  
The nominees were determined by up to twelve jurors, which comprise writers, directors, actors and producers and people working in distribution and exhibition.
Fifty films were selected to compete as early as May 2012, and by July or August the Jury was assembled to determine the nominees.
The announcement was made on 8 January 2013, and "Silver Linings Playbook" received the most nominations with five, followed by "Lincoln" and "Zero Dark Thirty", with four each.
"Silver Linings Playbook" received the most wins with three, for Best Film, Best Direction and Best Actress.
Additionally, two discretionary awards were given to the film for Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress for Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver, respectively.
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
Question: Where did the last supper take place?
About the article "Last Supper", section "Location".

Candidate passages:
The celebration of a Mass in the evening of Holy Thursday began in late fourth-century Jerusalem, where it became customary to celebrate the events of the Passion of Jesus in the places where they took place.
In Rome at that time a Mass was celebrated at which penitents were reconciled with a view to participation in the Easter celebrations.
The Jerusalem custom spread and in seventh-century Rome the Pope celebrated a Mass of the Lord's Supper on this day as well as the Mass of Reconciliation.
By the eighth century, the Masses became three: one for reconciliation, one for blessing the holy oils and a third for the Last Supper.
The last two were in reduced form, being without Liturgy of the Word.
Pope Pius V's reforms in 1570 forbade the celebration of Mass after noon, and the Mass of the Lord's Supper became a morning Mass and remained so until Pope Pius XII's reforms in the 1950s.
The washing of feet that is now part of the Mass of the Lord's Supper was in use at an early stage without relation to this particular day, and was first prescribed for use on Holy Thursday by a 694 Council of Toledo.
By the twelfth century it was found in the Roman liturgy as a separate service.
Pope Pius V included this rite in his Roman Missal, placing it after the text of the Mass of the Lord's Supper.
He did not make it part of the Mass, but indicated that it was to take place "at a suitable hour" after the stripping of the altars.
The 1955 revision by Pope Pius XII inserted the rite into the Mass. 
 "The Last Supper"  
The Last Supper is the first album by D.S.G.B.. 
  "Last Supper" ("The Outer Limits"), an episode of "The Outer Limits" television show  "The Last Supper," an episode of "War of the Worlds"  "The Last Supper" (novel), a novel by Charles McCarry  
The Last Supper refers to the last meal that Jesus Christ took with his disciples.
The Last Supper may also refer to: