Question: From where can stem stells be harvested right after birth?
About the article "Stem cell", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Olfactory adult stem cells have been successfully harvested from the human olfactory mucosa cells, which are found in the lining of the nose and are involved in the sense of smell.
If they are given the right chemical environment these cells have the same ability as embryonic stem cells to develop into many different cell types.
Olfactory stem cells hold the potential for therapeutic applications and, in contrast to neural stem cells, can be harvested with ease without harm to the patient.
This means they can be easily obtained from all individuals, including older patients who might be most in need of stem cell therapies. 
In harvesting embryonic stem cells, a human embryo is destroyed.
Many pro-life individuals associate this act with abortion and consider it immoral.
Amniotic epithelial cells are harvested from the placenta, which is commonly discarded after birth.
The cells are very easily obtainable without the use of intrusive procedures.
Thus their use averts the controversy about embryonic stem cells.
There are also large amounts of amniotic epithelial cells found in the placenta and can be found in upwards of 50-100 million cells from one extraction.
However, several billion cells are required to use for transplantation in order to treat and fight diseases.
Therefore, the cells must be expanded in a lab to have enough cells for transplantation.
Unlike embryonic stem cells, amniotic stem cells have not shown a propensity for developing into teratomas and other cancer-like tumors upon injection into living tissue.
Amniotic epithelial cells have not been known to produce cancerous tumors in the host despite the fact that these cells do express genes found in embryonic stem cells that are known to promote tumor formation.
Organs engineered from amniotic epithelial cells obtained from the placenta associated with a particular person's birth would not be rejected by that person; such organs would have the same genotype as that person and thus be fully compatible with that person's immune system. 
Umbilical cord blood is obtained when a mother donates her infant's Umbilical Cord and Placenta after birth.
Cord blood has a higher concentration of HSC than is normally found in adult blood.
However, the small quantity of blood obtained from an Umbilical Cord (typically about 50 mL) makes it more suitable for transplantation into small children than into adults.
Newer techniques using ex-vivo expansion of cord blood units or the use of two cord blood units from different donors allow cord blood transplants to be used in adults.
Cord blood can be harvested from the Umbilical Cord of a child being born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching (see PGD for HLA matching) in order to donate to an ill sibling requiring HSCT. 
The first harvest of coca takes place at 1–3 years after transplanting.
In the Island of Java (Indonesia), a first harvest can be expected within a year after transplanting.
The leaves have to be stiff and easily detachable to be harvested.
Leaves can be harvested every 50–60 days in the rainy season, but when it is drier, they are usually harvested every 3–4 months.
The leaves should be pinched from the plant, not ripped off. 
 Stem cells are being explored for use in conservation efforts.
Spermatogonial stem cells have been harvested from a rat and placed into a mouse host and fully mature sperm were produced with the ability to produce viable offspring.
Currently research is underway to find suitable hosts for the introduction of donor spermatogonial stem cells.
If this becomes a viable option for conservationists, sperm can be produced from high genetic quality individuals who die before reaching sexual maturity, preserving a line that would otherwise be lost.