Question: Which government wanted a "ring" built around Germany?
About the article "World War II", section "Axis advance stalls (1942–43)".

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Designed by famous astronomer Guo Shoujing in 1276 AD, it solved most problems found in armillary spheres at that time.
The primary structure of abridged armilla contains two large rings that are perpendicular to each other, of which one is parallel with the equatorial plane and is accordingly called "equatorial ring", and the other is a double ring that is perpendicular to the center of the equatorial ring, revolving around a metallic shaft, and is called "right ascension double ring".
The double ring holds within itself a sighting tube with crosshairs.
When observing, astronomers would aim at the star with the sighting tube, whereupon the star's position could be deciphered by observing the dials of the equatorial ring and the right ascension double ring.
A foreign missionary melted the instrument in 1715 AD.
The surviving one was built in 1437 AD and was taken to what is now Germany.
It was then stored in a French Embassy in 1900, during the Eight-Nation Alliance.
Under the pressure of international public discontent, Germany returned the instrument to China.
In 1933, it was placed in Purple Mountain Observatory, which prevented it from being destroyed in the Japanese invasion.
In the 1980s, it had become seriously eroded and rusted down and was nearly destroyed.
In order to restore the device, the Nanjing government spent 11 months to repair it. 
The Stockholm Ring Road () is a half-completed ring road around central Stockholm, Sweden.
There have been many plans over the years of a ring road around central Stockholm, but all of them have been cancelled at some point.
, about half of the ring road is now built. 
 Rings.
Moscow's road system is centered roughly around the Kremlin at the heart of the city.
From there, roads generally span outwards to intersect with a sequence of circular roads ("rings").
The first and innermost major ring, Bulvarnoye Koltso (Boulevard Ring), was built at the former location of the 16th-century city wall around what used to be called Bely Gorod (White Town).
The Bulvarnoye Koltso is technically not a ring; it does not form a complete circle, but instead a horseshoe-like arc that begins at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and ends at the Yauza River.
The second primary ring, located outside the bell end of the Boulevard Ring, is the Sadovoye Koltso (Garden Ring).
Like the Boulevard Ring, the Garden Ring follows the path of a 16th-century wall that used to encompass part of Moscow.
The third ring, the Third Transport Ring, was completed in 2003 as a high-speed freeway.
The Fourth Transport Ring, another freeway, is under construction to further reduce traffic congestion.
The outermost ring within Moscow is the Moscow Automobile Ring Road (often called the "MKAD" from the Russian "Московская Кольцевая Автомобильная Дорога"), which forms the approximate boundary of the city, was established in the 1950s.
Outside Moscow, some of the roads encompassing the city continue to follow this circular pattern seen inside city limits. 
There are several systems for denoting the sizes of jewellery rings in use around the world:  The ISO standard for ring sizes is ISO 8653:1986, which defines standard ring sizes in terms of the inner circumference of the ring measured in millimetres.
In the United States and Canada, ring sizes are specified using a numerical scale, with quarter and half sizes.
An increase of a full size is an increase of 0.032 inch (0.8128 mm) in diameter, or roughly 1/10 inch (more precisely, 0.1005 in or 2.55 mm) in inside circumference.
In Ireland, the United Kingdom and Australia, ring sizes are specified using an alphabetical scale, with half sizes.
In India, Japan and China, ring sizes are specified using a numerical scale, that only has whole sizes, and does not have simple linear correlation with diameter or circumference.
In Austria, France, Germany, Belgium and Scandinavia, ring sizes are specified using actual internal circumference in mm (the same as the ISO standard).
In some countries, half sizes may be used.
In Italy, Spain, Netherlands, and Switzerland, ring sizes are specified as the circumference minus 40mm.
A 50 in Germany will be a 10 in Switzerland.
Ring sizes can be measured physically by a plastic or metal ring sizer.
There are also online measuring tools available. 
It has been suggested that a second ring might be constructed in the future, firstly as an attempt to alleviate congestion on the old one and secondly to offer access to a number of new industrial, commercial and residential zones built around it.
Such a project would imply a new external ring-shaped orbital motorway of about , denominated NIA (Nuova infrastruttura anulare, "New ring infrastructure"), which would cost over €5 billion.