Question: What are glazed twisted rope shaped doughnuts known as?
About the article "Doughnut", section "United Kingdom".

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In some parts of Scotland, ring doughnuts are referred to as "doughrings", with the 'doughnut' moniker being reserved exclusively for the nut-shaped variety.
Glazed, twisted rope-shaped doughnuts are known as "yum-yums".
It is also possible to buy fudge doughnuts in certain regions of Scotland.
Also known as doughnoughts, referring to the 'zero' shape or 'nought', being supplied in bakeries and supermarkets.
Fillings include jam, custard, cream, sweet mincemeat, chocolate and apple.
Common ring toppings are sprinkle-iced and chocolate.
In Northern Ireland, ring doughnuts are known as 'gravy rings', gravy being an archaic term for hot cooking oil.
The terms below constitute either names for different doughnut types created using local recipes, or for the local language translation of the term for an imported doughnut product, sometimes even described:  Argentina - Kreppel, also called "Tortas Fritas" (fried pastries), is a fried pastry or quick bread that was introduced by German immigrants similar to the Berliner.
Facturas are a popular baked doughnut found in every corner bakery.
Other names that may be seen in bakeries are "Berlinesas" and "Bolas de Fraile" (Monk's Balls)  Armenia - "Ponchik", borrowed from Russian (and similar to Polish Pączki), is a deep-fried piece of dough shaped into a flattened sphere and filled with confiture or other sweet filling.
"Tukalik" are similar to doughnut holes, and Armenian doughnuts are referred to as "Chickies".
Austria - The Austrian doughnut equivalents are called "Krapfen" and resemble the Berliner.
Especially popular during Carnival season (Fasching), they are solid and usually filled with apricot jam (traditional) or vanilla cream (called Vanillekrapfen).
They are made from sweet yeast dough fried in fat or oil, usually with a marmalade, jam filling, or chocolate, champagne, custard, mocha filling, or with no filling at all.
They are usually topped with icing, powdered sugar, or conventional sugar.
Australia - besides traditional ring doughnuts, jam doughnuts are common in most bakeries.
Cinnamon or chocolate-topped doughnuts can be found in almost any cafe.
Azores - Filhós, Malasadas.
Belgium - Smoutebollen or croustillons are similar to Dutch Oliebollen but usually do not contain any fruit, except for apple chunks sometimes.
They are typical carnival and fair snacks and are dusted with powdered sugar.
Bohemia - "Obyčejné Vdolky"  Bolivia - Buñuelos are a round fry bread.
Brazil - Doughnuts are referred to as "Sonho", meaning dream.
Bulgaria - Ponichki, Mekitsas.
Cameroon - Puffpuff.
Canada - Canadian doughnuts are usually similar to those in the United States.
Other Canadian variants include the BeaverTail, Cruller, Dutchie, Timbits, Potato flour doughnuts and Newfoundland's Toutin.
Maple bars - bar doughnuts with maple-syrup-flavored icing—are also occasionally found in the US, especially in neighboring states, such as Ohio, Wisconsin and Michigan.
Catalonia - "bunyols", "bunyols de vent", "brunyols".
Bunyols are a traditional Catalan pastry in the form of small balls or in a small doughnut-like shape.
They can be sweet or savoury, but in their sweet form are similar to doughnuts.
The American or German-style donut is called a "berlina" ("berlines" in the plural).
Chile - Round fried filled doughnuts without holes are popular in Chile because of the large German community there and is called a Berlin (plural Berlines).
They may be filled with jam or with manjar, the Chilean version of dulce de leche.
China - Although Chinese cuisine now features doughnut-type pastries borrowed from American and European kitchens, traditional pastries are somewhat different, often featuring thin, leathery dough surrounding plentiful mildly sweet or savory filling.
Cantonese cuisine features an oval shaped pastry called Ngàuhleisōu (牛脷酥, lit.
"Ox-tongue pastry" due to its tongue-like shape).
A similar food is called saa1 jung1 (沙翁), fried round dough balls with sugar sprinkled on top.
A Shanghai dessert named 高力豆沙 is a variant of this with oilier dough (originally made with egg white) and filled with red bean paste.
Another variant uses thickened, lightly sweetened black sesame paste for filling and is sprinkled with sesame seeds.
Other types are Tikoy, Zha Gao, Jin Doi, Chien Doi, Zhá Miàn Quān.
A salty variation are deep-fried doughnut sticks that are often quite oily, hence their name, in Mandarin, Yóutiáo (油條, lit.
"oil strips"); in Cantonese, this doughnut-style pastry is called Yàuhjagwái (油炸鬼); it is often served with congee, a traditional rice porridge.
Colombia - Buñuelos, Roscas  Corsica - Fritelli  Croatia - Trijesce, Primoštenske fritule, Fritule, Istarski cukarini, Kroštule, Krafne, Krofna, Krafna, or "Pokladnice" ("poklade" meaning Carnival)  Czech Republic - Koblihy or Vdolky (without a hole) are usually filled with jam and dusted with sugar.
Vdolky are not as high as Koblihy.
Bavorský vdolek or Bavorský koblih ("Bavarian doughnut") also often baked in Czech has jam and thick sour cream on top.
Cheregi.
Denmark - The "Berliner" without a hole is available in bakeries across the country and are called Berliner like in Germany.
Another variant without the filling is Aebleskiver, normally eaten with powdered sugar and jam on the side.
Finland - Munkki (without a hole), Berliininmunkki/Piispanmunkki (no hole, sugar coating), Donitsi (with a hole), Munkkirinkilä.
France - Beignets are sometimes described as a French doughnut, and are popular in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Georgia - Punchula  Germany - Bismark, Berliner (Berliner Pfannkuchen), is a predominantly German and Central European doughnut made from sweet yeast dough fried in fat or oil, without a hole.
The doughnuts are filled with jams, such as apricot, plum butter or rosehip jam.
Varieties and other names are Obst Krapfen, Fastnachts, Faschingskrapfen, Nougatkrapfen, Vanillekrapfen, Kreppel, Powidlkrapfen, Apfelkrapfen, Eierkuchen.
Ghana - Bofrot  Greece - Svingi, Thiples, Loukoumades, Loukoumathes.
A doughnut-like snack called Loukoumas comes in two types, a crispy one shaped like the number 8, and a larger, softer one shaped like the number 0.
Hawaii - A popular doughnut in Hawaii is the Malasada and Punahou Malasadas.
They were brought to the Hawaiian Islands by early Portuguese settlers and are a variation on Portugal's filhós.
They are small eggy balls of yeast dough deep fried and coated in sugar.
Hungary - Fánk, a round doughnut or (bismark Doughnuts) (without a hole) and dusted with sugar, and Lángos, a flat fried bread made of yeast dough, served with sour cream and toppings like cheese, ham or chopped onions.
Iceland - Kleinuhringir, Kleinur, Berlínarbollur and Ástarpungar.
Ástarpungar traditionally contain raisins.
India - Vadai are savoury rings of dough made from lentils that are popular in Tamil cuisine They are not necessarily fried.
Varieties of sweet doughnut-like pastries includes "badushah" or Balushahi.
They are made like an old-fashioned doughnut by frying the dough in oil, and are soaked in sugar syrup and sometimes flavored with spices.
Badushah does not have the center hole.
Another sweet in India is ""imarti"", known elsewhere as jalebi.
Adhirasam are a Tamil sweet doughnut with a long history.
Another similar dessert is gulab jamun - ball-shaped pastry from buffalo-milk-based quick dough that is fried and floated in rose-water and cardamon flavored sweet syrup.
Indonesia - "Donat Kentang" is known as an Indonesian style fried mashed potato doughnut; a fritter that comes in ring shape and is made from combination of flour and mashed potatoes, coated in powder sugar or icing sugar.
Iran - Zooloobiya, a fritter that comes in various shapes and sizes and coated in a sticky-sweet syrup.
Ireland - Taoschno.
Israel - Sufganiyah (סופגניה, plural Sufganyot), like the German Berliner, jelly doughnuts, Boston cream doughnut, the Polish pączki, or the Russian ponchik, are fried, pierced and injected with jelly or custard, and then topped with powdered sugar or frosting.
They have become a traditional Hanukkah food in recent decades.
Traditionally they are filled with red jelly and topped with sugar icing.
However, many other varieties exist, the more expensive ones being filled with dulce de leche.
Italy - Struffoli, Pignolata, Guanti, (Assisi) Bastoncello, (Calabria) Scaddateddi, Zeppole Spignesi, Chiacchiere, Lattughe (this may not be classifiable as doughnut, but it is fried pastry, in a Lettuce" style) Cenci, Donzelle, Frappe, Sfrappole, Bugie, Crostoli, Frittelle, Ciambelli (Cocullo, Abruzzi) and Bomboloni.
Japan - Dango, Sata-andagi (Okinawa), Taiyaki (fish-shaped).
In Japan, An-doughnut (あんドーナッツ, lit.
"bean jam doughnut") is widely available and is similar to Germany's Berliner, except it contains red bean paste.
Jersey - (Channel Islands) Jersey Wonders (Mèrvelles).
Kazakhstan - Baursaki.
Kenya - Mandazi, Mahamri, Mandalas - sweet, triangular shaped breakfast delicacy enjoyed with a coconut side dish (baazi), made out of flour and sugar, originally from Mombasa.
Korea - Garakjibbang.
Lebanon - Awami.
Libya - Sfenz  Lithuania - Spurgos are doughnuts with jam filling and sugar coating.
There is also a local variety of doughnuts made from cottage cheese dough ("Varškės spurgos") which contains no filling.
Madagascar - Mofo Boule.
Malaysia - Kuih Keria, Kuih Gelang, Kuih Tayar.
Mexico - Buñuelo, Churro, Sopapilla.
The Mexican Donas are very similar to doughnuts including in the name; the dona is a fried-dough pastry-based snack, commonly coated with cinnamon sugar or granulated sugar, or dipped in chocolate.
Moldova - Schlitzküchla (from German cuisine)  Morocco - Sfenj  Nepal - Sel roti  Netherlands - Oliebollen is a traditional Dutch food eaten on New Year's Eve and at fairs.
They are like a round doughnut without a hole (similar to trademarked plain "donut holes" in the US).
Oliebollen is a traditional treat that are usually sold along with Appelflappen (apple fritters) at supermarkets or from specially set up street carts during the week after Christmas.
New Zealand - Cream-filled doughnut.
Nigeria - Puffpuff, Chin chin.
Norway - Hjorte Bakkels, Futimonbuckles, Fattigmann Bakkels, Smultring.
Paraguay - Bollos.
Peru - Dona.
Philippines - Local varieties of Donuts (donat) are sold by peddlers and street vendors throughout the Philippines.
Local varieties are usually made of plain well-mead dough, deep-fried in refined coconut oil and sprinkled with refined sugar.
"Bitso-bitso" (or "Bicho-bicho") is doughnut-like local pastry.
The dough is made of one long piece that doubles on itself, and is twisted, deep-fried and coated with coarse-grained sugar.
It sometimes may come with a cheese filling.
Local doughnuts have a chewier texture than Western ones.
In the Philippines, doughnuts are a popular merienda or mid-day snack.
Some doughnuts here are sprinkled with cocoa powder.
Poland - Pączki, round jam-filled doughnuts.
Pączki have been known in Poland at least since the Middle Ages.
Jędrzej Kitowicz wrote that during the reign of the August III under influence of French cooks who came to Poland at that time, pączki dough baked in Poland has been improved, so that pączki became lighter, spongier, and more resilient.
Portugal - Filhós, Malasadas.
Puerto Rico - Quesitos (filled with sweet cheese).
Romania - Gogoşi.
Russia - Ponchik, Russian "ponchiki" (), and "pyshki" (, as well as Ukrainian "pampushky"(), are the equivalent designations for the polish Pączki, but could be filled with cream or jam, or left plain.
More traditional are deep-fried "pirozhki" (Russian and Ukrainian ) that likely originated from similar pastries of the Turkic tribes in the Golden Horde that invaded in 1237.
"Pirozhki" is a generic term given to filled pastries with yeast dough and fruit, dairy (cheese or custard) or savory filling, that could be baked pan fried or deep-fried in oil.
Sardinia - Zippulas.
Scotland - Doughrings is an alternative term for ring doughnuts.
Square fudge doughnuts are also a tradition.
Serbia - Doughnuts similar to the Berliner are also prepared in the Northern Balkans, particularly in Croatia (, Ustipci, "Krofnepokladnice" or Krafne) and Serbia's Vojvodina province.
They are called Krofna, a name derived from the Austrian Krapfen.
Siberia - Kalachik.
Sicily - Pignolatti, Sfingi, Cuddureddi.
Slovakia - Šišky (pronounced Shishky), Ceregi.
Slovenia - Krofi, Fanke.
South Africa - Koeksister, Oliebolle met Suurmelk ("Sourmilk doughnuts").
Another variation is the Vetkoek, dough deep fried in oil, served with mince, syrup, honey or jam.
South Korea - Many bakeries in South Korea offer doughnuts either filled with or made entirely from the Korean traditional rice dessert Tteok.
These come in a variety of colors, though they are normally in green, pink, or white.
They are often filled with a sweet red bean paste or sesame seeds.
Spain - Churros, Porras, Chimeneas, Orange Roscos, Wine Roscos, Roscos de anis, Rosquillas de Ledesma, buñuelos, bimuelos, birmuelos, bermuelos, burmuelos, bunyols, Rosquillas listas de san Isidro, rosquito tonto, rosquilla tonta.
Sweden - Munk (doughnut), klenät, flottyrring.
Switzerland - Ringli, Basler Krapfen, Chüechli, Öhrli.
Syria - Zabeh.
Taiwan - tian tian chuan, (lit.
"sweet sweet ring").
Tunisia - Ftair, Yous-yous, Bambaloni.
Turkey - Hanim Göbeği, Tulumba Tatlisi, Izmir Lokmasi.
Turkish Cypriot - Lokma.
UK - Similar to North American doughnuts, but traditionally topped with granulated sugar rather than powdered sugar or glaze.
In some parts of Scotland, ring doughnuts are referred to as Doughrings, with the doughnut moniker being reserved exclusively for the nut-shaped variety.
Glazed, twisted rope-shaped doughnuts are known as "Yum-yums".
It is also possible to buy fudge doughnuts in certain regions of Scotland.
In some parts of Northern Ireland, ring doughnuts are referred to as "gravy rings" due to their being cooked in oil, itself colloquially known as "gravy".
Jam doughnuts are round in shape, coated in granulated sugar and have a filling of strawberry or raspberry jam.
Ukraine - Pampushky (sweet filling or garlic flavored)  United States of America - In the US, doughnuts exist in cake, raised and piped varieties and in many different shapes, including Crullers (twisted piped bars), Vanities, Comfits, Fritters (irregularly shaped "dropped" doughnuts), Long Johns (bars with or without filling), Boston cream doughnuts, Potato doughnuts, Sour cream doughnuts, Cider doughnuts, Simball, Olicook, Olykoecks, Bear claws (although many varieties are fruit-filled cake rather than doughnut), Elephant Ears, Yum yums, Fasnachts, Frying Saucers, Bear sign (cowboy slang for ring doughnuts), Brown Bobby (a significant contingent in the 'doughnut shape debate' because this variety is (uniquely?)
a 'triangular toroid').
Native Americans have been known to lay claim to the invention of the doughnut with Johnnycakes, though many varieties of Johnnycake are neither sweet nor doughnut-shaped.
Bar-shaped doughnuts are known as "bars" or Long Johns, particularly maple bars with maple-flavored icing that sometimes incorporate caramelized bacon.
Yemen - Zalabiya  Yugoslavia - Prusurate  
  A Quebec-based company selling chips and other snack foods   Yum Yum, a glazed hand-twisted rope-shaped doughnut  Yum-Yum Donuts, a chain of doughnut shops based in California  Yum Yum, a brand of instant noodles  
History in the U.S.. Possible origins.
Doughnuts have a disputed history.
One theory suggests they were invented in North America by Dutch settlers, who were responsible for popularizing other American desserts, including cookies, apple and cream pie, and cobbler.
Indeed, in the 19th century, doughnuts were sometimes referred to as one kind of "oliekoek" (a Dutch word literally meaning "oil cake"), a "sweetened cake fried in fat.
"Hanson Gregory, an American, claimed to have invented the ring-shaped doughnut in 1847 aboard a lime-trading ship when he was only 16 years old.
Gregory was dissatisfied with the greasiness of doughnuts twisted into various shapes and with the raw center of regular doughnuts.
He claimed to have punched a hole in the center of dough with the ship's tin pepper box, and later taught the technique to his mother.
According to anthropologist Paul R. Mullins, the first cookbook mentioning doughnuts was an 1803 English volume which included doughnuts in an appendix of American recipes.
By the mid-19th century, the doughnut looked and tasted like today’s doughnut, and was viewed as a thoroughly American food. 
Pączki are deep-fried pieces of dough shaped into flattened spheres and filled with confiture or other sweet filling.
Pączki are usually covered with powdered sugar, icing or bits of dried orange zest.
A small amount of grain alcohol (traditionally, Spiritus) is added to the dough before cooking; as it evaporates, it prevents the absorption of oil deep into the dough.
Although they look like German berliners, North American bismarcks or jelly doughnuts, pączki are made from especially rich dough containing eggs, fats, sugar, and sometimes milk.
They feature a variety of fruit and creme fillings and can be glazed, or covered with granulated or powdered sugar.
Powidl (stewed plum jam) and wild rose hip jam are traditional fillings, but many others are used as well, including strawberry, Bavarian cream, blueberry, custard, raspberry, and apple.