Question: What differences do Pepo and Hesperidium berries have?
About the article "Fruit", section "Berries".

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Berries are another type of fleshy fruit; they are simple fruit created from a single ovary.
The ovary may be compound, with several carpels.
Type include (examples follow in the table below):
 Pepo – Berries where the skin is hardened, cucurbits
 Hesperidium – Berries with a rind and a juicy interior, like most citrus fruit
The fruit of citrus, such as the orange, kumquat and lemon, is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium.
Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries, as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary.
In epigynous berries, the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary.
The floral tube, formed from the basal part of the sepals, petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit.
Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas, coffee, members of the genus "Vaccinium" (e.g., cranberries and blueberries), and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (e.g., cucumbers, melons and squash).
Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits, which are modified to have a hard outer rind, and are given the special name pepo.
While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae, the fruits of "Passiflora" and "Carica" are sometimes also considered pepos. 
The morphological differences within the species "C. pepo" are so vast that its various subspecies and cultivars have been misidentified as totally separate species.
These vast differences are rooted in its widespread geographic distribution.
"C. pepo" is one of the oldest, if not the oldest domesticated species.
The oldest known locations are in southern Mexico in Oaxaca 8,000-10,000 years ago and Ocampo, Tamaulipas, Mexico about 7,000 years ago.
Its ancient territory extended north into Texas and up the Greater Mississippi River Valley into Illinois and east to Florida, and possibly even to Maine.
It is known to have appeared in Missouri, United States at least 4,000 years ago.
Some varieties grow in arid regions and some in moist regions.
Debates about the origin of "C. pepo" have been going on since at least 1857.
There have traditionally been two opposing theories about its origin: 1) that "C. pepo" is a direct descendant of "C. texana" and 2) that "C. texana" is feral "C. pepo".
A more recent theory is that it is a descendant of "C. fraterna" and hybridized with "C. texana"; resulting in two distinct domestication events in two different areas: one in Mexico and one in the eastern United States, with "C. fraterna" and "C. texana", respectively, as the ancestral species.
"C. pepo" may have appeared in the Old World prior to moving from Mexico into South America.
It is found from sea level to slightly above .
Leaves have 3-5 lobes and are 20–35 cm wide.
All the subspecies, varieties, and cultivars are conspecific and interfertile.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD DNA) has proven useful in sorting out the relationships of the "C. pepo" species, varieties, and cultivars, showing that few, if any, modern cultivars have their origins with "C.
texana."
They are associated with "C. fraterna" or a still unknown ancestral specimen in southern Mexico.
Wild "C. pepo" is still found in the same areas as "C. fraterna" in Mexico.
Their isozymes are very similar.
"C. pepo" has more similarities to "C. fraterna", than it does to "C. texana," which is also claimed to be an ancestor of "C. pepo".
All studied "C. fraterna" alleles are also found in "C. pepo".
Consequently "C. fraterna" is the nearest relative of "C. pepo".
"C. pepo" is most likely an early domesticated form of "C. fraterna".
It crosses well with both "C. pepo" and "C. texana".
Unlike most wild "Cucurbita", some fruit specimens of "C. fraterna" have been found that were not bitter.
Its usual habitat is dry upland scrub areas.
"C. pepo" could be a compilospecies of "C. fraterna" and "C. texana", which appear to be two species that were originally separate.
Based on genetic allele analysis, there are two distinct groups within "C. pepo": pumpkin, calabaza, criolla, and marrow squash are in one; and ornamental gourds, crookneck, acorn, scallop, and a few others in the second one.
"C. fraterna" is genetically closer to the first group and "C. texana" is genetically closer to the second group.
Ornamental gourds found in Texas are called var.
"texana" and those found outside of Texas (Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana) are called var.
"ozarkana".
In a 1989 study on the origins and development of "C. pepo", Paris suggested that the original wild specimen was a small round fruit and that the modern pumpkin is its direct descendant.
He also suggested that the crookneck, ornamental gourd, and scallop are early variants, and that the acorn is a cross between the scallop and pumpkin.
Several taxa have been proposed, but as of 2012 none has been universally accepted.
In 2002, the taxa conventions proposed by Decker-Walters were: "C. pepo" subsp.
"pepo" - cultivated pumpkins, marrows, the orange gourds ("Orange Ball" and "Orange Warted") "C. pepo" subsp.
"ovifera" var.
"ovifera" - cultivated crooknecks, scallops, acorns, most ornamental gourds "C. pepo" subsp.
"ovifera" var.
"ozarkana" - wild populations in the Greater Mississippi Valley and Ozark Plateau "C. pepo" subsp.
"ovifera" var.
"texana" - wild populations in Texas "C. pepo" subsp.
"fraterna" - wild populations in northeastern Mexico In 1986 botanist Paris proposed a taxonomy of "C. pepo" consisting of eight edible groups based on their basic shape.
All but a few "C. pepo" can be included in these groups.
These eight edible cultivated varieties of "C. pepo" vary widely in shape and color, and one non-edible cultivated variety: 
  Ampullaris ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Ampullaris')  Aurantia ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Aurantia')  Baby Boo ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
pepo Greb.
'Baby Boo')  Black Zuccini ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Black Zuccini')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Blanche de Virginie')  Bunter Patisson ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
patissonia Greb.
'Bunter Patisson')  Caserta ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
'Caserta')  Casertaosa ("C. pepo" L. 'Casertaosa')  Casertara ("C. pepo" L. 'Casertara')  Casertarmis ("C. pepo" L. 'Casertarmis')  Citrullina ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
pepo Greb.
var.
pepo 'Citrullina')  Cocozelle ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Cocozelle')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" 'Cocozelle von Tripolis')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Courgette de Nice')  Crookneck summer squash (yellow)   Custard White, Ufo ("C. pepo" L. 'Custard White, Ufo')  Early prolific Straightneck ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Early prolific Straightneck')  Ex ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Ex Griechenland')  Oblonga ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
melopepo 'Futterkurbis Oblonga')  Pyriformis ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
melopepo 'Futterkurbis Pyriformis')  ("C. pepo" L. 'Gelbe Zucchini')  Gem squash ("C. pepo")  Gemini F1 ("C. pepo" L. 'Gemini F1')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
'Gießener Ölkürbis')  Giromontina ("C. pepo" L. 'Giromontina')  Gold Rush F1 ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"giromantiina" 'Gold Rush F1')  Green Button Hybrid ("C. pepo" L. cv.
patissonina 'Green Button Hybrid')  Indian Summer Mix ("C. pepo" L. 'Indian Summer Mix')  Jack be Little ("C. pepo" L. 'Jack be Little')  Jack O'Lantern ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
pepo Greb.
'Jack O'Lantern')  Jack O'Lantern ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
maxima 'Jack O'Lantern')  ("C. pepo" L. 'Jaspee de Vandee')  ("C. pepo" L. 'Kleine Warzen')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Kronenkurbis')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" 'Kronenmischung')  Lebanese ("C. pepo" L. cv.
giromantiina 'Lebanese')  Little Gem ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
pepo Greb.
'Little Gem')  Maliformis ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Maliformis')  Mandarin ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Mandarin')  Comet ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
pepo Greb.
var.
styriaca 'Olkurbis Comet')  Reform ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
styriaca Greb.
'Olkurbis Reform')  Patidou ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
patissonina 'Patidou')  Patisson ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
patissonia Greb.
'Patisson')  Patissonia ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
patissonia Greb.
'Patissonia')  Patissonia-Alba ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
patissonia Greb.
'Patissonia-Alba')  Patissonia-Grisea ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
patissonia Greb.
'Patissonia-Grisea')  Patty Pan Mini Patisson ("C. pepo" L. 'Patty Pan Mini Patisson')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Petite Verte de l'Algerie')  Pyriformis ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Pyriformis')  Pyxidaris ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Pyxidaris')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
oleifera 'Rankenloser Ölkürbis')  Reticulata ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Reticulata')  Romanesco ("C. pepo" L. 'Romanesco')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Roter Zentner')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Runder Nizzakürbis')  Scallopini F1 ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"patissonina" 'Scallopini F1')  Spagettii ("C. pepo" L. 'Spagettii')  Sperling's Lohengrin ("C. pepo" L. 'Sperling's Lohengrin')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
pepo Greb.
var.
styriaca 'Steirischer Olkurbis')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" var.
oleifera Pietsch 'Steirischer Ölkürbis')  Striaghtneck summer squash (yellow)   Summer Ball ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"giromantiina" 'Summer Ball')  Sunburst F1 ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"giromantiina" 'Sunburst F1')  Tatuma (Tatume) (White Mexican squash)  Tschermak ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
oleifera 'Tschermak')  Vegetable Spaghetti ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
pepo Greb.
var.
pepo 'Vegetable Spaghetti')  Verrucosa ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Verrucosa')  Verrucosa-Monstrosa ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Verrucosa-Monstrosa')  Verrucosissima ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Verrucosissima')  Verte d´Italia ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"giromantiina" 'Verte d´Italia')  Wendehals ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" 'Wendehals')  White Custard ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
patissonia Greb.
'White Custard')  Winterhorn ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
pepo Greb.
'Winterhorn')  Winterhorn / White Acorn ("C. pepo" L. 'Winterhorn / White Acorn')  Yellow Zucchini ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
giromantiina (L.) Greb.
var.
giromantiina Alef.
s.l.
'Yellow Zuccini')  ("C. pepo" L. ssp.
"pepo" cv.
microcarpina Greb.
'Zierkürbis-Mischung')  
Cucurbita pepo is a cultivated plant of the genus "Cucurbita".
It yields varieties of winter squash and pumpkin, but the most widespread varieties belong to "Cucurbita pepo" subsp.
"pepo", called summer squash.
It has been domesticated in the New World for thousands of years.
The Zuni people have several uses for this plant.
Some authors maintain that "Cucurbita pepo" is derived from "Cucurbita texana", while others suggest that "C. texana" is merely feral "C. pepo".
They have a wide variety of uses, especially as a food source and for medical conditions.
"C. pepo" seems to more closely related to "Cucurbita fraterna" though there are disagreements about the exact nature of that connection too.