Question: Who picks who gets "judan" in the kyu-dan Judo ranking system?
About the article "Judo", section "Rank and grading".

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Judo is a hierarchical art, where seniority of judoka is designated by what is known as the - ranking system.
This system was developed by Jigoro Kano based on the ranking system in the board game Go.
Beginning students progress through kyu grades towards dan grades.
A judoka's position within the kyu-dan ranking system is displayed by the color of their belt.
Beginning students typically wear a white belt, progressing through descending kyu ranks until they are deemed to have achieved a level of competence sufficient to be a dan grade, at which point they wear the .
The kyu-dan ranking system has since been widely adopted by modern martial arts.
The highest grade ever awarded "jūdan" (tenth degree black belt) has no formal requirements and is decided by the president of the Kodokan, currently Kano Jigoro's grandson Yukimitsu Kano.
As of 2011, fifteen Japanese men have been promoted to this rank by the Kodokan, three of whom are still alive; the IJF and Western national federations have promoted another seven who are not recognized (at that level of rank) by the Kodokan.
On July 28, 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded Keiko Fukuda the rank of 10th "dan", who is the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank.
Although "dan" ranks tend to be consistent between national organizations there is more variation in the "kyū" grades, with some countries having more "kyū" grades.
Although initially "kyū" grade belt colours were uniformly white, today a variety of colours are used.
The first black belts to denote a Dan rank in the 1880s, initially the wide obi was used; as practitioners trained in kimono, only white and black obi were used.
It was not until the early 1900s, after the introduction of the judogi, that an expanded colored belt system of awarding rank was created.
There have only been seventeen "judan" (tenth dan) judoka in history, fifteen promoted by the Kodokan and two by the International Judo Federation.
None of them are Canadian, but Canada does have a group of more than 100 "kōdansha" (high dan holders), all of whom have devoted much of their lives to Canadian Judo.
The late Yoshio Senda became Canada's first "kudan" (ninth dan) in 2007, and since then three more Canadians have been promoted to "kudan" by Judo Canada: Yeiji Inouye (2011), Raymond Damblant (2012), and Hiroshi Nakamura (2012).
Eleven Canadians are ranked "hachidan" (eighth dan), twenty-seven are ranked "shichidan" (seventh dan), and approximately 85 others are ranked "rokudan" (sixth dan).
The names of the ninth and eighth "dan" holders are listed in the tables to the right.
A typographic dagger () follows the names of those who are deceased.
A registry of approximately 5000 black belts ranked "shodan" (first "dan") to "hachidan" (eighth "dan") in the years 1946–1997 is included in Glynn Leyshon's book "Judoka: a history of Judo in Canada". 
Traditionally, the level of players has been defined using kyu and dan ranks.
Kyu ranks are considered "student" ranks.
Dan ranks are considered "master" ranks.
Beginners who have just learned the rules of the game are usually around 30th kyu.
As they progress, they advance numerically downwards through the kyu grades.
The best kyu grade attainable is therefore 1st kyu.
If players progress beyond 1st kyu, they will receive the rank of 1st dan, and from thereon will move numerically upwards through the dan ranks.
In martial arts which adopted kyu and dan rank system from Go, 1st dan is the equivalent of a black belt.
The very best players may achieve a "professional dan rank".
The rank system is tabulated from the lowest to highest ranks:Although almost all organizations use this system, there is no universal calibration.
The means of awarding each of those ranks and the corresponding levels of strength vary from country to country and among online go servers.
This means that a player who is considered to be a 2nd kyu in one country may only be considered a 5th kyu in another. 
Judo uses a hierarchical ranking system divided into "kyū" and "dan" grades that its founder, Jigoro Kano, adapted from the ranking system for the traditional board game Go.
"Kyū" grades are for students ranked below black belt (collectively referred to as "mudansha", or 'ones without dan'), and "dan" grades are for judoka who have a black belt (collectively referred to as "yūdansha", or 'ones with dan').
A person's rank is represented by a number, and the names of each grade are a combination of the name of the number in Japanese and the appropriate suffix ("kyū" or "dan").
For "kyū" grades, this number goes down with each promotion, usually starting at sixth "kyū" ("rokkyū") and ending at first "kyū" ("ikkyū").
For "dan" grades, the number goes up with each promotion, starting at first "dan" ("shodan") and ending at tenth "dan" ("judan").
Grades are also differentiated by belt colour.
Kano originally adopted white and black belts in 1886 to mark the distinction between "kyū" and "dan" grades, and red and white and solid red belts were later introduced to distinguish judoka who were sixth "dan" and higher (collectively referred to as "kōdansha", or 'ones with high dan').
Coloured belts for "kyū" grades were first introduced by Mikonosuke Kawaishi in France in 1935 because he felt that European students would progress more quickly if they received visible recognition of their achievements.
In Canada there are six "kyū" grades for seniors (people 16 years of age or older), eleven "kyū" grades for juniors (people under the age of 16), and ten "dan" grades that are restricted to seniors.
Both senior and junior students begin as white belts ("rokkyū") and progress with promotion through yellow, orange, green, and blue, to brown belt ("ikkyū").
Half-grades for juniors were introduced in 2010 and are represented by belts that combine the colours of the previous grade and the next grade (a white and yellow belt, for example, represents a half-grade between "rokkyū" and "gokyū", which the grading syllabus calls "6th+ "kyū"").
The first five "dan" grades ("shodan" to "godan") are represented by a black belt.
Judoka ranked sixth to eighth "dan" may wear a red and white belt, and those ranked ninth or tenth "dan" may wear a solid red belt, but this is not required and the black belt remains the standard for all "dan" grades.
In the past women's belts would include a white stripe in the centre of the length of the belt to differentiate them from men, but this is much less common now. 
Today there are a number of organisations throughout the world who claim to teach martial arts based on Abbe's theories of Kyushindo.
Several of these can trace their heritage to George Mayo, a French Judoka who had developed his own system of non-competitive judo, which incorporated elements of yoga and which he named Ju-judo (the gentle, gentle way).
Mayo was not in any way connected to Abbe's British Judo Council, but he found Kyu-Shin-Do an appealing concept.
Mayo controversially reinvented Kyu-Shin-Do as his own spiritual philosophy and renamed his organisation the Kyushindo International Judo Association.
The claim that Abbe was involved in the creation of Mayo's system has been strongly refuted by Abbe's students.
The Kyushindo International Judo Association later fragmented, giving rise to various splinter groups including the Zen Judo organisations and the Mayoshindo Karate organisation.