community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What date was the aurora detected?
About the article "Aurora", section "On other planets".

Candidate passages:
The Hotel Aurora, also known as Aurora Hotel, is a hotel built in 1917 on Stolp Island in Aurora, Illinois.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. 
Aurora is an album released in 2004 by Bada.
Although her image concept did not change from her first album, which was successful, "Aurora" failed to sell well.
Lead single "Aurora", which was a love ballad, also fared poorly, leading Bada to switch singles quickly.
The second single was "Eyes", which in contrast was a R&B-dance track.
Sales of the album were around 23,000, about 100,000 less copies than what "A Day of Renew" sold. 
Aurora is a city in Wise County, Texas, United States.
The population was 1,044at the 2010 census. 
Jagjit Singh Aurora was born on 13 February 1916 into a Sikh family.
He was the son of an engineer in Kala Gujran, Jhelum district, in western Punjab in what is now Pakistan. 
Aurora is the eponymously-titled debut album by American/British girl group Aurora.
It was a big success in the UK and featured the hit single "Mercy Me".
Question: What are the five most well known potentials?
About the article "Thermodynamics", section "Potentials".

Candidate passages:
Thermodynamic potentials are different quantitative measures of the stored energy in a system.
Potentials are used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state.
The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure.
For example, the Helmholtz and Gibbs energies are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively.
The five most well known potentials are:where formula_1 is the temperature, formula_2 the entropy, formula_3 the pressure, formula_4 the volume, formula_5 the chemical potential, formula_6 the number of particles in the system, and formula_7 is the count of particles types in the system.
Thermodynamic potentials can be derived from the energy balance equation applied to a thermodynamic system.
Other thermodynamic potentials can also be obtained through Legendre transformation.
In sensory neurons, action potentials result from an external stimulus.
However, some excitable cells require no such stimulus to fire: They spontaneously depolarize their axon hillock and fire action potentials at a regular rate, like an internal clock.
The voltage traces of such cells are known as pacemaker potentials.
The cardiac pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node in the heart provide a good example.
Although such pacemaker potentials have a natural rhythm, it can be adjusted by external stimuli; for instance, heart rate can be altered by pharmaceuticals as well as signals from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
The external stimuli do not cause the cell's repetitive firing, but merely alter its timing.
In some cases, the regulation of frequency can be more complex, leading to patterns of action potentials, such as bursting. 
Spike potentials are one of the action potentials, which occur in electrical activity of smooth muscle contraction in animals.
These are true action potentials. 
  What are the neural correlates of reasoning, often investigated using event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging?  
Electrocochleography (abbreviated ECochG or Ecog) is a technique of recording stimulus-related responses or electrical potentials of the inner ear and auditory nerve.
Component potentials of the human electrocochleogram are: cochlear microphonics (CM), summating potentials (SP), and action potentials (AP).
These potentials can either be recorded independently or in various combinations.
"CM" and "SP" are generated in the organ of corti and are a type of receptor potential.
"AP" are the neural potentials generated by the cochlear nerve.
Question: When was  Cristina Fernandez first elected and when did he become reelected?
About the article "Argentina", section "Contemporary era".

Candidate passages:
Zannini held various positions within the civil service, mostly in the province of Santa Cruz.
In 1987 he was appointed Secretary of Municipal Government in Rio Gallegos.
When Kirchner was elected governor in 1991, he was appointed Minister of the Interior of the province.
Upon Cristina Fernandez' resignation of the provincial legislature for the National Congress, he was elected to the same position in the provincial legislature.
In 1999 he was appointed by Kirchner as president of the Superior Court of Santa Cruz.
On May 25, 2003 Zannini was appointed the Legal and Technical Secretary of the Presidency of Argentina by President Néstor Kirchner and reaffirmed both in 2007 and 2011 by President Cristina Fernández. 
Baldwin was first elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1994 when he won a seat left open by John G. Gary, who was elected as County Executive for Anne Arundel County, and Elizabeth S. Smith.
Baldwin's district was a portion of Anne Arundel County, MD.
In 1998, Baldwin was reelected, along with fellow Republicans David Boschert and Janet Greenip.
Baldwin did not run for reelection in 2002. 
Ramos was elected to his first term as District Attorney in 2002 by defeating incumbent Dennis Stout and was reelected when he ran unopposed in 2006.
In 2010, Ramos was reelected to his third term when he defeated Frank H. Guzman and Bob Conaway.
He has served as president of the California District Attorneys Association and is currently the chair of the Corrections and Reentry Committee for the National District Attorneys Association. 
He was first elected to the Senate in 1996, and reelected in 2000, 2004, and 2008. 
He was first elected to the council in 2007 and reelected in 2009.
Question: Which Island is Victoria Peak located?
About the article "Victoria Peak", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Warden Peak is a mountain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, located north of Gold River and north of Victoria Peak.
Warden Peak is part of the Vancouver Island Ranges which in turn form part of the Insular Mountains. 
Sutton Peak is a mountain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, located northwest of Gold River and west of Victoria Peak. 
Queen Peak is a mountain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, located north of Gold River and east of Victoria Peak. 
Victoria Gap (爐峰峽) is an area and a mountain pass located between the summits of Victoria Peak (aka.
Mount Austin) and Mount Gough, on Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong.
Its altitude is some below the summit of Victoria Peak.
It is the most touristic place within the area referred to as "The Peak", which receives some seven million visitors every year. 
The Peak Tower (Chinese: 凌霄閣) is a leisure and shopping complex located at Victoria Gap, near the summit of Victoria Peak on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong.
It also houses the upper terminal of the Peak Tram.
Both the Peak Tower and the Peak Tram are owned by the Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels group, the owner of Hong Kong's famous Peninsula Hotel along with many other properties.
The tower and tram are jointly promoted by the collective branding known as The Peak.
The Peak Tower is located at an elevation of 396 m, 156 m below the summit of Victoria Peak.
Because the architects sought a design which would be prominent on the skyline but would not interrupt the natural line of the hills, they chose a site in a dip along the line of the hills, and restricted the tower's height to 428 m above sea level.
Question: What score did Moonrise Kingdom receive from Rotten Tomatoes?
About the article "Moonrise Kingdom", section "Critical response".

Candidate passages:
Critical response.
"Moonrise Kingdom" received widespread acclaim; review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 94% based on reviews from 223 critics, with an average score of 8.2/10.
Review aggregation website Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 84 (out of 100), based on 43 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".
Peter Bradshaw of "The Guardian" gives the film 4 stars out of 5, calling it "another sprightly confection of oddities, attractively eccentric, witty and strangely clothed."
Christopher Orr of "The Atlantic" wrote that "Moonrise Kingdom" "captures the texture of childhood summers, the sense of having a limited amount of time in which to do unlimited things" and is "Anderson's best live-action feature" because "it takes as its primary subject matter odd, precocious children, rather than the damaged and dissatisfied adults they will one day become.
"Kristen M. Jones of "Film Comment" wrote that the film "has a spontaneity and yearning that lend an easy comic rhythm", but it also has a "rapt quality, as if we are viewing the events through Suzy's binoculars or reading the story under the covers by a flashlight."
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 62% based on reviews from 26 critics. 
Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 17% based on reviews from 6 critics. 
The film received generally positive reviews from critics, garnering a 75% fresh score on Rotten Tomatoes. 
Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 79% based on reviews from 19 critics.
Question: When was karate introduced in Canada?
About the article "Karate", section "Canada".

Candidate passages:
Sergerie was born in Sainte-Catherine, Quebec, Canada.
Her father and coach, Rejean, introduced her to karate at age five.
She competed in karate from 1992–1998.
He continued to coach her when she took an interest in taekwondo after her older brother took up the sport.
She is the six-time consecutive national champion (2002–2007). 
Masami Tsuruoka O. Ont (born 12 January 1929) is a Canadian born karate instructor and practitioner recognized as "The Father of Canadian Karate" by Black Belt Magazine.
Although mainly responsible for establishing the Chito-ryu style in Canada,Tsuruoka is also known as founder of his own karate style known as Tsuruoka Ryu.
Masami Tsuruoka kept Chito-ryu karate before the Canadian public from 1958 to 1968, through newspaper articles, magazine articles, and frequent public appearances, demonstrations and exhibitions across Canada.
Tsuruoka formed the National Karate Association of Canada (presently called Karate Canada) in 1964, followed by the Tsuruoka Karate-do Federation in 1979.
Tsuruoka was appointed a member of the Order of Ontario in 1998 for his significant contribution to martial arts. 
 "The Karate Dog" was filmed in Los Angeles, California (in the United States) and in Vancouver, British Columbia (in Canada). 
Karate was introduced as a World Games sport at the 1981 World Games in Santa Clara, California. 
 and its influence outside Japan.
Karate began in Canada in the 1930s and 1940s as Japanese people immigrated to the country.
Karate was practised quietly without a large amount of organization.
During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadian families were moved to the interior of British Columbia.
Masaru Shintani, at the age of 13, began to study Shorin-Ryu karate in the Japanese camp under Kitigawa.
In 1956 after 9 years of training with Kitigawa, Shintani travelled to Japan and met Hironori Otsuka (Wado Ryu).
In 1958 Otsuka invited Shintani to join his organization Wado Kai, and in 1969 he asked Shintani to officially call his style Wado.
In Canada during this same time, karate was also introduced by Masami Tsuruoka who had studied in Japan in the 1940s under Tsuyoshi Chitose.
In 1954 Tsuruoka initiated the first karate competition in Canada and laid the foundation for the National Karate Association.
In the late 1950s Shintani moved to Ontario and began teaching karate and judo at the Japanese Cultural Centre in Hamilton.
In 1966 he began (with Otsuka's endorsement) the Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation.
During the 1970s Otsuka appointed Shintani the Supreme Instructor of Wado Kai in North America.
In 1979, Otsuka publicly promoted Shintani to hachidan (8th dan) and privately gave him a kudan certificate (9th dan), which was revealed by Shintani in 1995.
Shintani and Otsuka visited each other in Japan and Canada several times, the last time in 1980 two years prior to Otsuka's death.
Shintani died May 7, 2000.
Question: Where is the only Barney's store in Las Vegas?
About the article "Las Vegas Strip", section "Current".

Candidate passages:
 Barney's plan for celebrating Ted's 30th birthday in Las Vegas includes staying at the Bellagio, steaks at Boa, and a boxing match between Floyd Mayweather and a grizzly bear.  
Las Vegas is a city in the U.S. state of Nevada.
Las Vegas may also refer to: 
Vegas (Spanish for "fertile valleys") is short for Las Vegas, and usually refers to:  Las Vegas, a large city in the US State of Nevada  Las Vegas (disambiguation), other uses of Las Vegas  
In 1932 YESCO expanded into the resort and casino industry – just a year after gaming was legalized in Las Vegas – and has played an important role in the resort and casino industry ever since, not only in Las Vegas but throughout regions of the United States and Canada where gaming is found.  
The Las Vegas Grammar School on Las Vegas Boulevard, also known as the Fifth Street School, is a school listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada and is located in the city of Las Vegas.
Built in 1936, the mission style building is the only one remaining from that era.
The school sits on a site on Las Vegas Boulevard.
After the renovations, the main entrance and address for the school will be changed to Fourth Street.
(The official Address as of 2008 is now 401 S. Fourth St. Ste.
145 Las Vegas, NV 89101) City of Las Vegas Historic Fifth Street School
Question: What runs through Mears Transportation?
About the article "Universal Orlando", section "Universal's Super Star Shuttle".

Candidate passages:
Throughout Universal Orlando and its vicinity there is an organized transportation system which transports guests between the onsite hotels, Universal Partner Hotels, the theme parks, Wet 'n Wild Orlando and other area attractions.
Mears Transportation runs the system. 
Highway U.S. Route 166 runs through Peru. 
U.S. Route 56 runs through the city. 
China National Highway 328 runs through Liuhe. 
Louisiana Highway 70 runs through Pierre Part.
Question: Who played Uncle Scott in season 1?
About the article "Falling Skies", section "Recurring cast".

Candidate passages:
Scott Malcolm Plummer (born 1 August 1966 in Launceston, Tasmania) was an Australian cricketer who played List A cricket once for the Tasmania in the 1993/94 season. 
O'Donnell returned to Scotland where former club Motherwell offered him the chance to train with them again.
The Fir Park outfit re-signed him in January 2004, allowing him the chance to appear alongside his nephew, David Clarkson and earning him the club nickname, "Uncle Phil".
He was also the uncle of St Mirren midfielder Stephen O'Donnell and Brian Dempsie who had also played for Motherwell.
In his second spell at Motherwell he appeared in another cup final, this time being on the losing side as Rangers won the 2005 Scottish League Cup 5–1.
The following season he replaced Scott Leitch as club captain. 
 "Easy of Gary" (Darrell Scott) – 4:33 "Uncle Lloyd" (Scott) – 4:11 "Day After Day" (Heins, Scott) – 6:11 "6 O'Clock in the Morning" (Scott) – 4:10 "Miracle of Living" (Scott) – 5:20 "Full Light" (Scott) – 3:59 "I Wanna Be Free" (Scott) – 4:07 "River Take Me" (Scott) – 5:57 "Alton Air (instrumental)" (Scott) – 5:42 "The Man Who Could Have Played Bass for Shanana" (Scott) – 6:44 "After All" (Scott) – 5:38 "10,000 Miles Away" (Scott) – 5:22  
Scott Tyner born on April 11, 1972 in Houston, Texas is a former punter who played 1 season in the National Football League for the Atlanta Falcons.
Tyner attended Oklahoma State and Trinity Valley Community College after high school in Edgewood, Texas. 
Mr. Scott comes from a musical family.
His uncle, Irving Ashby, was a legendary jazz guitarist who performed with the Nat King Cole trio.
His mother, Phyllis Ashby, performed as a big band vocalist, and his father, Leslie Scott, was a highly successful baritone who played Porgy in the national and international production of Porgy and Bess in 1953 and later played Jake in the 1959 film version.
Mr. Scott has two sons by his first wife, Myrna White: Kenneth Scott, and Jonathan Scott, who was a noted hip-hop artist under the name Dred Scott.
Mr. Scott is also father-in-law to Jonathan Scott’s wife, jazz singer Adriana Evans.
Question: Whats the difference between a "Berliner" and "Kamerunner"?
About the article "Doughnut", section "Germany".

Candidate passages:
The Berliner Helicopters were a series of experimental helicopters built by Henry Berliner between 1922 and 1925.
The helicopters had only limited controllability but were the most significant step forward in helicopter design in the USA until the production of the Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 helicopter in 1940.
The 1922 flights of the Berliner and the de Bothezat H1 were the first by manned helicopters. 
The Berliner-Joyce OJ was a U.S. observation aircraft built by Berliner-Joyce Aircraft. 
The basic structure is a table with "Whats" as the labels on the left and "Hows" across the top.
The roof is a diagonal matrix of "Hows vs. Hows" and the body of the house is a matrix of "Whats vs. Hows".
Both of these matrices are filled with indicators of whether the interaction of the specific item is a strong positive, a strong negative, or somewhere in between.
Additional annexes on the right side and bottom hold the "Whys" (market research, etc.)
and the "How Muches".
Rankings based on the Whys and the correlations can be used to calculate priorities for the Hows.
House of Quality analysis can also be cascaded, with "Hows" from one level becoming the "Whats" of a lower level; as this progresses the decisions get closer to the engineering/manufacturing details.
A Flash tutorial exists showing the build process of the traditional QFD "House of Quality" (HOQ). 
Berliner Straße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the and on the . 
Neue Berliner Musikzeitung was a musical periodical that appeared in the years 1847-1896 and was published by Bote & Bock.
It was a continuation of the Berlin musical newspaper published between 1844-1847 by Karl Gaillard.
Question: Who did Wake Me Me Up When September Ends?
About the article "Wake Me Up When September Ends", section "Music video".

Candidate passages:
7" picture disc 
  Green Day — "Wake Me Up When September Ends"  Madonna — "Hung Up"  Shakira (featuring Wyclef Jean) — "Hips Don't Lie"  Lucie Silvas — "Nothing Else Matters"  Julieta Venegas — "Me Voy"  
  "Wake Me Up When September Ends" – Green Day   "Hollaback Girl"  – Gwen Stefani  "We Belong Together"  – Mariah Carey  "1, 2 Step"  – Ciara  
  Gorillaz — "Feel Good Inc."  Green Day — "Wake Me Up When September Ends"  Madonna — "Hung Up"  The Darkness — "One Way Ticket"  The Veronicas — "4ever"  
  Foo Fighters — "Best of You"  Gorillaz — "Feel Good Inc."  Green Day — "Wake Me Up When September Ends"  U2 — "All Because of You"  Wolfmother — "Mind's Eye"
Question: What was the 9th track?
About the article "Dallas Buyers Club", section "Soundtrack".

Candidate passages:
 All songs produced by 9th Wonder.  
Len Taunyane was a South African track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics in the Men's marathon.
He finished in 9th place. 
Source: Amazon 
"Now That's What I Call Music!
9" was released in 2003.
The album is the 9th edition of the Israeli "Now!"
series. 
  The Darkest of Minds  Godhead Charlatan  The 9th Revolution  In the 3rd Dwells Oblivion  Hexaeon  Punished  Ageless Void  Christbait  What I Crave
Question: Which ocean is Easter Island surrounded by?
About the article "Chile", section "Tourism".

Candidate passages:
This species is found in the Pacific Ocean off Easter Island. 
This species is distributed in the Pacific Ocean along Easter Island 
The Easter Plate is a small (550 km x 410 km) tectonic plate or microplate in the southeastern Pacific.
The plate is bounded on the west by the Pacific Plate, and the east by the Nazca Plate.
The entire plate is covered by the Pacific Ocean.
Easter Plate is named after Easter Island (Île de Pâques) which is to the east of it on the adjacent Nazca Plate. 
Gymnothorax nasuta is a moray eel found in the southeast Pacific ocean, around Easter Island and Chile.
It was first named by de Buen in 1961, and is commonly known as the Easter island moray. 
Ma′unga Terevaka is the largest, tallest () and youngest of three main extinct volcanoes that form Rapa Nui (Easter Island, a Chilean island in the Pacific Ocean).
Several smaller volcanic cones and craters dot its slopes, including a crater hosting one of the island's three lakes, Rano Aroi.
While Terevaka forms the bulk of Easter Island, the island has two older volcanic peaks; Poike which forms the eastern headland and Rano Kau the southern.
Terevaka last erupted in the Pleistocene and is less than 400,000 years old.
Its lava field at Roiho has been dated at between 110,000 and 150,000 years old.
Terevaka is rather difficult to climb, and is only accessible by foot or horse.
It is very windy at the top.
Question: Where in Germany is a huge Mercedes-Benz factory located?
About the article "Cycling", section "Utility".

Candidate passages:
Mercedes-Benz produces a range of vans including the Mercedes-Benz Vito, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter and Mercedes-Benz Vario.
In 2012 it announced the Mercedes-Benz Citan, a version of the Renault Kangoo.
The first factory to be built outside Germany after WWII was in Argentina.
It originally built trucks, many of which were modified independently to buses, popularly named Colectivo.
Today, it builds buses, trucks and the Sprinter van. 
The Mercedes-Benz Arocs is a heavy-duty truck, introduced by Mercedes-Benz in 2013. 
Industriewerke Ludwigsfelde is an automotive factory in Ludwigsfelde in Brandenburg, just south of Berlin in Germany.
The factory is part of Daimler-Benz AG and since 1991 it has made Mercedes-Benz vans. 
The Mercedes-Benz Citaro (or O530) is the current Mercedes-Benz/EvoBus mainstream single-decker bus intended for public transport, introduced in 1997 and replaced the Mercedes-Benz O405/O405N series.
Manufactured in Mannheim (Germany), Ligny-en-Barrois (France) and Sámano (Spain), it features a low floor for easy access. 
The Mercedes-Benz Arena () is a stadium located in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany and home to German Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart.
Before 1993 it was called Neckarstadion , named after the nearby river Neckar and between 1993 and July 2008 it was called Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion .
From the 2008-09 season, the stadium was renamed the Mercedes-Benz Arena, starting with a pre-season friendly against Arsenal on 30 July 2008.
Question: How many cameras are used in the recording of Hell's Kitchen?
About the article "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)", section "Reception".

Candidate passages:
Hell's Kitchen's side streets are mostly lined with trees.
The neighborhood does not have many parks or recreational area though, but smaller plots that were converted into green spaces.
One of them is Hell's Kitchen Park. 
On September 11, 2008, Ubisoft released "Hell's Kitchen: The Game" for the Wii, Nintendo DS, Windows, and iOS which features the likeness of Ramsay, and the many important tasks shown in the U.S. version of the show.
On April 2, 2009, Ludia and Social2u released the official Facebook version of the Hell's Kitchen game. 
The Success Academy Charter Schools group opened an elementary school, Success Academy Hell's Kitchen, in the High School of Graphic Communication Arts building in 2013. 
Hell’s Kitchen is one of the names of a famous painting showing many of the eccentrics living in the Newcastle area in the early 19th century. 
Luke Skeels is a guitarist, music teacher, music producer, session player, and recording artist.
He has played with the bands Boneless Ones, Hell's Kitchen, and Edge City Ruins.
He is currently playing guitar for the Hardcore Punk band Verbal Abuse.
His music has been used on television and in film.