Question: What allowed for less population loss in Russia during plagues compared to other nations?
About the article "Russia", section "Grand Duchy of Moscow".

Candidate passages:
In visual art, the plagues have generally been reserved for works in series, especially engravings.
Still, relatively few depictions in art emerged compared to other religious themes.
The plagues became more common subjects in the 19th century, with John Martin and Joseph Turner producing notable canvases.
This trend probably reflected a Romantic attraction to landscape and nature painting, for which the plagues were suited, a Gothic attraction to morbid stories, and a rise in Orientalism, wherein exotic Egyptian themes found currency.
Given the importance of noble patronage throughout Western art history, the plagues may have found consistent disfavor because the stories emphasize the limits of a monarch's power, and images of lice, locusts, darkness, and boils were ill-suited for decoration in palaces and churches.
Perhaps the most successful artistic representation of the plagues is Handel's oratorio "Israel in Egypt" which, like his perennial favorite, Messiah, takes a libretto entirely from scripture.
The work was especially popular in the 19th century because of its numerous choruses, generally one for each plague, and its playful musical depiction of the plagues.
For example, the plague of frogs is a light aria for alto depicting frog's jumping in the violins, and the plague of flies/lice is a light chorus with fast scurrying runs in the violins. 
On April 18, 2007 in Cardiff, Wales, Poland along with Ukraine were elected by the UEFA’s Executive Committee to co-host the 2012 UEFA European Football Championship.
It was the 14th European Championship.
Poland’s and Ukraine’s bid defeated the other shortlisted bids from Italy and Croatia/Hungary, becoming the third successful joint-bid for the European Championship, after those of Belgium/Netherlands, for Euro 2000, and Austria/Switzerland for Euro 2008.
The Polish-Ukrainian hosting is seen as a way of shifting the focus towards regions and nations of central and eastern Europe, whose population demonstrates a strong feeling for football, but are less developed in terms of the quality of the local leagues and football infrastructure, when compared with western Europe.
The final tournament draw was held in, Kiev, Ukraine and the groups were decided.
Poland, automatically seeded in Group A, were drawn with Russia, Greece and Czech Republic.
The host team were eliminated without earning a single win after a 1-0 loss against the Czech Republic. 
The "arbitrazh" courts have been singled out as particularly effective in dealing with business issues.
Also, the number of people seeking assistance of the judicial system has increased from 1 million under Yeltsin to 6 million under Putin.
However, Transparency International found that 78% of respondents reported they did not expect to find justice in the courts.
Both public perception and comments from senior judges point to bribery as prevalent at the trial court level.
There have been serious violations of the accepted separation of powers doctrine.
Constitutional Court Judge and Council of Judges member Vladimir Yaroslavtsev, in a 2009 interview with the Spanish newspaper El País, claimed that the presidential executive office and security services had undermined judicial independence in Russia.
Constitutional Court Judge Anatoly Kononov, who had frequently dissented from decisions taken by the majority of the court, in his interview to Sobesednik supported Yaroslavtsev, claiming that there was no independent judiciary in Russia.
There have been accusations of systematic attempts to undermine jury trials, including juror intimidation and bribery, and systematic trial delays.
The number of jury trials remains small, at about 600 per year, out of about 1 million trials.
Lawmakers are continuously chipping away at what types of criminal offenses merit a jury trial.
Juries have granted acquittals in 15-20% of cases, compared with less than 1% in cases decided by judges.
Juries may be dismissed and skeptical juries have been dismissed on the verge of verdicts, and acquittals are frequently overturned by higher courts.
Compared to other industrialized nations, Russia has historically had a small number of lawyers in relation to its population.
In 2002 there were 47,000 defense lawyers in all of Russia, while the courts sentenced about 1 million people for criminal offenses and considered 3 million administrative offenses and 2.5 million civil cases, and the Russian Census of 2002 put the resident population at more than 145 million people.
For a comparison to the United States, the number of active lawyers practicing before the judiciary of California as of was more than 179,000, while the 2010 United States Census put the California population at more than 37 million people.
The court chairperson has sole discretion for allocation of court cases, and there is no systematic procedure for allocation based on objective criteria.
There have been reports where the chairperson always assigns sensitive cases to particular judges or transfers cases to another judge during an ongoing trial.
There have been allegations of corruption concerning the oral exam required for admission to the "", known as being "called to the bar" in commonwealth countries. 
Causes of Reduction  Heavy casualties caused by constant civil wars and foreign wars: Blacks formed a disproportionate part of the Argentine army in the long and bloody War of Paraguay (1865–1870), in which the loss of lives on both sides were high.
Epidemics, especially of yellow fever in 1871: the traditional history holds that the epidemics had greater impact in areas where the poorest people lived.
Emigration (meaning movement of a population out of one country to another, as opposed to immigration: movement of people into a country from another).
Large numbers of Afro-Argentines emigrated particularly to Uruguay and Brazil, where black populations had historically been larger and had a more favorable political climate;  Massive immigration from Europe between 1880 and 1950, boosted by the Constitution of 1853, that quickly multiplied the country's population.
Like Australia in the 1950s to 1980s, European immigrants were encouraged while non-Europeans were virtually excluded.
Slavery was officially abolished in Argentina in 1813, although many Afro-Argentine were still held as slaves, and were only granted their freedom as a condition of fighting in Argentina's wars.
For this reason, African males had disproportionate numbers in the war against Spain for Argentina's independence.
A huge number of African descended males were killed in the war compared to the Spanish Argentines.
Unfortunately, a free Afro-Argentine had less chance of survival than an enslaved Afro-Argentine.
Enslaved Afro-Argentines were seen as investments, and so were taken good care of.
On the other hand, free Afro-Argentines were left with menial jobs for low pay, or forced to become beggars in the streets.
For this reason, poverty in the Afro-Argentine community was prevalent at the time.
In fact, many Afro-Argentines died from disease because they could not afford proper medical care.
Many Afro-Argentines were decimated by frequent plagues like yellow fever. 
In the United Kingdom, funding the war had a severe economic cost.
From being the world's largest overseas investor, it became one of its biggest debtors with interest payments forming around 40% of all government spending.
Inflation more than doubled between 1914 and its peak in 1920, while the value of the Pound Sterling (consumer expenditure ) fell by 61.2%.
Reparations in the form of free German coal depressed local industry, precipitating the 1926 General Strike.
British private investments abroad were sold, raising £550 million.
However, £250 million in new investment also took place during the war.
The net financial loss was therefore approximately £300 million; less than two years investment compared to the pre-war average rate and more than replaced by 1928.
Material loss was "slight": the most significant being 40% of the British merchant fleet sunk by German U-boats.
Most of this was replaced in 1918 and all immediately after the war.
The military historian Correlli Barnett has argued that "in objective truth the Great War in no way inflicted crippling economic damage on Britain" but that the war "crippled the British "psychologically" but in no other way".
Less concrete changes include the growing assertiveness of Commonwealth nations.
Battles such as Gallipoli for Australia and New Zealand, and Vimy Ridge for Canada led to increased national pride and a greater reluctance to remain subordinate to Britain, leading to the growth of diplomatic autonomy in the 1920s.
These battles were often decorated in propaganda in these nations as symbolic of their power during the war.
Loyal dominions such as Newfoundland were deeply disillusioned by Britain's apparent disregard for their soldiers, eventually leading to the unification of Newfoundland with the Confederation of Canada.
Colonies such as India and Nigeria also became increasingly assertive because of their participation in the war.
The populations in these countries became increasingly aware of their own power and Britain's fragility.
In Ireland, the delay in finding a resolution to the home rule issue, partly caused by the war, as well as the 1916 Easter Rising and a failed attempt to introduce conscription in Ireland, increased support for separatist radicals.
This led indirectly to the outbreak of the Irish War of Independence in 1919.
The creation of the Irish Free State that followed this conflict in effect represented a territorial loss for the United Kingdom that was all but equal to the loss sustained by Germany, (and furthermore, compared to Germany, a much greater loss in terms of its ratio to the country's prewar territory).
After World War I women gained the right to vote as, during the war, they had had to fill-in for what were previously categorised as "men's jobs", thus showing the government that women were not as weak and incompetent as they thought.
Also, there were several significant developments in medicine and technology as the injured had to be cared for and there were several new illnesses that medicine had to deal with.