Question: Have physical demands on players been studied?
About the article "Badminton", section "Comparisons of speed and athletic requirements".

Candidate passages:
The "Player Experience and Growth System" has changed.
The manual experience growth from "FIFA 08" and "FIFA 09" has been abolished; player growth will now be determined by in-game performance, demands placed on the player, and achievements based on the player's particular position.
There are three categories for gaining experience: "mental", "physical", and "skill".
Younger players with higher potential will gain experience much faster, and each player will have an individual growth point, which in turn promises more authentic player growth patterns.
A "Live Season" feature has been implemented within Manager Mode, whereby a player's "form" rises and falls based on performance (within Manager Mode itself rather than real-world events).
He will receive a temporarily higher or lower rating along with temporarily higher or lower stats, to reflect this.
Fictional players that are added to Manager Mode by the game itself now have regionalised names, so for example a player from Brazil will not have an English-sounding name. 
Like other board games, mancala games have led to psychological studies.
Retschitzki has studied the cognitive processes used by awalé players.
Some of Restchitzki's results on memory and problem solving have recently been simulated by Fernand Gobet with the CHREST computer model.
De Voogt has studied the psychology of Bao playing. 
In an effort to make the build up to St. Patricks Day more interesting, and building on the foundation of the Winter Training sessions led by Keith Clark, the Mixed Sevens League was instigated.
Substantial Prizes have been provided by the 'Black Frog' Pub in Gastown to add a competitive edge.
To date, there has been 6 teams each year, and 5 rounds of games commencing mid-February with the Final Round of Matches to be played on Friday night of the St. Patrick's Day week-end.
For 3 of the 4 seasons the tournament has been run at Andy Livingston Park in downtown Vancouver, with one season 2009 in Capilano RFC grounds.
With its fourth season under its belt, it is the largest Sevens Gaelic football competition ever organised internally in Vancouver.
It's also a first in that some experimental rules (with respect to physical contact & scoring) are being applied to make the games more relevant to the Ladies in the team.
These rules make the game a nice introduction for new players to Gaelic Football, without the physical demands that the sport 'proper' would involve.
In 2008, a team from Squamish competed in the league with 90% first-timers. 
Female mammals invest heavily in reproduction, in large part due to lactation.
Because these costs are obvious, the physiological costs of female reproductive effort (defined as that proportion of the total energy budget of an organism that is devoted to reproductive processes), especially care of offspring, have been studied extensively in mammals.
These costs have been found to include reductions in longevity and in such processes as thermogenesis, physical activity, and immune function, apparently reflecting the high energetic and nutritional demands of parenting.
Male mammals may also invest heavily in reproduction through efforts to enhance reproductive success (e.g., courtship displays, intrasexual combat) or to provide paternal care.
However, the costs of paternal care have rarely been studied in mammals, in large part because only 5-10% of mammals exhibit such care.
Nonetheless, in those species in which males do provide extensive care for their offspring (i.e., biparental species, including humans), indirect evidence suggests that its costs can be substantial.
For example, mammalian fathers that care for their young may undergo systematic changes in body mass and in circulating or excreted concentrations of a number of hormones (e.g., androgens, glucocorticoids, leptin) as a function of reproductive status, and several of these hormones have important effects on body composition, metabolism, and organismal performance.
Nonetheless, the energetic and performance consequences of male parental investment have not been investigated directly in mammals.
In mammals, paternal care is found most commonly in primates, rodents, and canids. 
The First Team were the first players known to have played the sport of basketball, having been taught the game in 1891 by James Naismith, who is recognized as the inventor of the sport.
The team comprises 18 players who were studying in Springfield, Massachusetts, to become executive secretaries of the YMCA and who, as part of their coursework, studied physical education with Naismith, who is said to have invented the game to teach teamwork skills to his charges.
The team was inducted as a group into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as part of that organization's inaugural 1959 induction class for their efforts in popularizing the sport and as the game's first practitioners.