Question: When did the Nazis take over Poland?
About the article "Lady with an Ermine", section "Provenance".

Candidate passages:
Irène Némirovsky (24 February 1903 – 17 August 1942) was a novelist who lived more than half her life in France and wrote in French.
She was arrested by the Nazis for being classified as a Jew under the racial laws, which did not take into account her conversion to Roman Catholicism.
She died at the age of 39 in Auschwitz, Nazi Germany-occupied Poland. 
Once an ancient kingdom, from the years 1772 to 1795, Poland was partitioned by its three powerful neighbors—Russia, Habsburg Austria, and Prussia.
As the result of the partitions, Poland disappeared from the map of Europe for 123 years.
Despite several insurrections, the Poles did not manage to win back their independence throughout the 19th century.
In the fall of 1918, when World War I came to an end, several Eastern European nations, including Poland, regained independence.
The newly reestablished country quickly started to organize not only its political administration, but also its sports organizations.
Envoys of several soccer clubs, which had previously existed under either Prussian, Russian, or Austrian rule, met in Warsaw on December 20 and 21, 1919, thus establishing the Polish Football Association.
In the years 1919 and 1920, Poland fought several wars with its neighbors, including the Polish-Soviet War, the Polish-Ukrainian War, the Polish-Lithuanian War, the Great Poland Uprising, Silesian Uprisings, as well as border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia).
Under the circumstances, no soccer games took place.
Only when these conflicts were over, starting in spring of 1921, did the first games for the Championships of Poland take place, with the Cracovia club winning the first title.  
Dmowski often communicated his belief in a "international Jewish conspiracy" aimed against Poland.
In his essay "Żydzi wobec wojny" (Jews on the War) written about World War One, Dmowski claimed that Zionism was only a cloak to disguise the Jewish ambition to rule the world.
Dmowski asserted that once a Jewish state was established in Palestine, this would serve as a nucleus for the Jewish take-over of the world.
In the same essay, Dmowski accused the Jews of being Poland's most dangerous enemy and of working hand in hand with the Germans to dismember Poland again.
Dmowski believed that the 3,000,000 Polish Jews were far too numerous to be absorbed, and assimilated into the Polish Catholic culture.
Dmowski had advocated emigration of the entire Jewish population of Poland as the solution to what he regarded as Poland's "Jewish problem", and over time came to argue for increasing harsh measures against the Jewish minority, though he never explicitly suggested killing Jews.
He opposed physical violence, arguing for the boycotts of Jewish businesses instead, later supplemented with their separation in the cultural area (through polices such as numerus clausus).
Dmowski made anti-Semitism a central element in Endecja's radical nationalist outlook.
Endecja's crusade against Jewish cultural values gained mounting intensity in antisemitism of the 1930s, but there were no major pogroms or violent attacks on the Jews in Poland until the German Nazis occupied Poland and made it their mission in 1939–44.
For Dmowski, one of Poland's principal problems was that not enough Polish-speaking Catholics were middle-class, while too many ethnic Germans and Jews were.
To remedy this perceived problem, he envisioned a policy of confiscating the wealth of Jews and ethnic Germans and redistributing it to Polish Catholics.
Dmowski was never able to have this program passed into law by the Sejm, but the National Democrats did frequently organize "Buy Polish" boycott campaigns against German and Jewish shops.
The first of Dmowski's anti-semitic boycotts occurred in 1912 when he attempted to organize a total boycott of Jewish businesses in Warsaw as "punishment" for the defeat of some "Endecja" candidates in the elections for the "Duma", which Dmowski blamed on Warsaw's Jewish population.
Throughout his life, Dmowski associated Jews with Germans as Poland's principal enemies; the origins of this identification stemmed from Dmowski's deep anger over the forcible "Germanization" policies carried out by the German government against its Polish minority during the Imperial period, and over the fact that most Jews living in the disputed German/Polish territories had chosen to assimilate into German culture, not Polish culture.
In Dmowski's opinion Jewish community was not attracted to the cause of Polish independence and was likely to ally itself with potential enemies of Polish state if it would benefit their status.
Dmowski was also a vocal opponent of the free masonry as well as of feminism. 
In World War II, Fromm was Commander in Chief of the Reserve Army ("Ersatzheer"), in charge of training and personnel replacement for the German Army, a position he occupied for most of the war.
Though he was aware that some of his subordinates—most notably Claus von Stauffenberg, his Chief of Staff—were planning an assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler, he remained quiet and agreed to have a part in it if he became a top official of the new government after the mutiny.
When the attempt to proceed with the mutiny on 15 July failed, Fromm refused to have any further part in their mutiny.
However, on 20 July the news broke out that Hitler had been the victim of an explosion in a Nazi base in Poland near Russia; the Wolf's Lair.
Fromm quickly realized that it was Stauffenberg and the plotters that did it, and when he tried to arrest them, they overthrew him and locked him in a jail cell in the headquarters.
When the mutiny failed, Fromm was found by Nazis and freed.
He immediately had the conspirators executed (against Hitler's orders to take the conspirators alive) to cover up potential allegations that he himself was involved.
However, these actions did not save him. 
From the Middle Ages until the Holocaust, Jews comprised a significant part of the Polish population.
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, known as a "Jewish paradise" for its religious tolerance, attracted tens thousands of Jews who fled persecution from other European countries, even though, at times, discrimination against Jews surfaced in Poland just as it did elsewhere in Europe.
Poland was a major spiritual and cultural center for Ashkenazi Jews/Ashkenazi Jewry.
At the start of the Second World War, Poland had the largest Jewish population in the world (over 3.3 million [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Poland.html]), but the vast majority of whom were killed by the Nazis in the Holocaust during the German occupation of Poland, particularly through the implementation of the "Final Solution" mass extermination program.
Only 369,000 (11%) survived.
After massive postwar emigration, the current Polish Jewish population stands at somewhere between 50,000 and 200,000.
The below list includes people of Jewish faith or ancestry.