Question: What is the definition of a clone in horticulture?
About the article "Cloning", section "Horticultural".

Candidate passages:
The Clone Republic is the first book in the "Clone" series of novels, set in 2508 AD.
It is followed by Rogue Clone, The Clone Alliance, The Clone Elite, The Clone Betrayal, The Clone Sedition, The Clone Empire, and The Clone Redemption. 
In horticulture, potassium silicate is used as a soluble source of potassium and makes also the growing medium more alkaline. 
Indigenous Horticulture is practiced in various ways across all inhabited continents.
Indigenous refers to the native peoples of a given area and horticulture is the practice of small-scale intercropping. 
The word "horticulture" is modeled after "agriculture", and comes from the Latin "hortus" "garden" and "cultūra" "cultivation", from "cultus", the perfect passive participle of the verb "colō" "I cultivate".
"Hortus" is cognate with the native English word "yard" (in the meaning of land associated with a building) and also the borrowed word "garden".
Horticulture is a term that evokes images of plants, gardening, and people working in the horticultural industries.
For the public, and policy makers, the term is not completely understood nor is its impact on human activities been fully appreciated.
Horticulture impacts widely on human activities, more than its popular understanding as merely "gardening" would indicate.
It needs to be recognised as a matrix of interrelating areas that overlap, with complex interrelationships.
A wider and more accurate definition will communicate effectively the importance of plants, their cultivation and their use for sustainable human existence.
The popular "gardening activity" sense fails to convey the important role that horticulture plays in the lives of individuals, communities and human societies as a whole.
Describing its impact on the physiological, psychological and social activities of people is key to expanding our understanding; however "the cultivation of a garden, orchard, or nursery" and "the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants" as well as "the science and art of cultivating such plants" will suffice to sketch the outline of a short description.
Relf (1992) expanded the traditional understanding of horticulture beyond "garden" cultivation.
Tukey (1962) gave an overview of those involved in the field of horticulture, in stating that there are those who are concerned with the science or biological side, those concerned with the business side and finally those who are concerned with the home or art side, who enjoy plants simply for the satisfaction they get from them.
Primarily it is an art, but it is intimately connected with science at every point.
Relf highlighted the fact that limiting the definition of horticulture severely limits an understanding of what horticulture means in terms of human well-being.
Relf provided a comprehensive definition of horticulture as; the art and science of plants resulting in the development of minds and emotions of individuals, the enrichment and health of communities, and the integration of the "garden" in the breadth of modern civilisation.
In addition, Halfacre and Barden (1979), Janick and Goldman (2003).
further extended the scope of horticulture when they agreed that the origins of horticulture are intimately associated with the history of humanity and that horticulture encompasses all life and bridges the gap between science, art and human beings.
This broader vision of horticulture embraces plants, including the multitude of products and activities (oxygen, food, medicine, clothing, shelter, celebration or remembrance) essential for human survival; and people, whose active and passive involvement with "the garden" brings about benefits to them as individuals and to the communities and cultures they encompass (Relf, 2002; Relf and Lohr, 2003 ).
It can be concluded that horticulture happens when people are in intimate, intensive contact with plants.
It is the interface between people and plants.
According to some accounts, horticulture involves nine areas of study, which can be grouped into two broad sections – ornamentals and edibles:  Arboriculture is the study of, and the selection, planting, care, and removal of, individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants.
Turf management includes all aspects of the production and maintenance of turf grass for sports, leisure use or amenity use.
Floriculture includes the production and marketing of floral crops.
Landscape horticulture includes the production, marketing and maintenance of landscape plants.
Olericulture includes the production and marketing of vegetables.
Pomology includes the production and marketing of pome fruits.
Viticulture includes the production and marketing of grapes.
Oenology includes all aspects of wine and winemaking.
Postharvest physiology involves maintaining the quality of and preventing the spoilage of plants and animals.
Horticulturists can work in industry, government or educational institutions or private collections.
They can be cropping systems engineers, wholesale or retail business managers, propagators and tissue culture specialists (fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and turf), crop inspectors, crop production advisers, extension specialists, plant breeders, research scientists, and teac entomology, chemistry, geography, mathematics, genetics, physiology, statistics, computer science, communications, garden design, and planting design.
Plant science and horticulture courses include: plant materials, plant propagation, tissue culture, crop production, post-harvest handling, plant breeding, pollination management, crop nutrition, entomology, plant pathology, economics, and business.
Some careers in horticultural science require a masters (MS) or doctoral (PhD) degree.
Horticulture is practiced in many gardens, "plant growth centres" and nurseries.
Activities in nurseries range from preparing seeds and cuttings to growing fully mature plants.
These are often sold or transferred to ornamental gardens or market gardens. 
The definition of a set of clones for the Independence of clones criterion has been created for ranked voting systems.
For scored voting systems, this definition is not accurate.
This can be seen by the following example:Assume three candidates A, B and C with the following scores:The set {A, B} is a set of clones, since there is no voter that gives C a score between the scores of A and B.
Also, the set {B, C} is a set of clones, since there is not voter that gives A a score between the scores of B and C. The set {A, C} is not a set of clones, since both voters gives B a score between the scores of A and C. So, A is a clone of B, and B is a clone of C, but A is not a clone C. Now, if the election is held between A and C (without B), then A will win.
If B is added, B will win.
B is a clone of A, the winner in the first place.
But B is also a clone of C, the loser in the first place.
Thus, using the definition in its strict form, B must not win, because the inferior C cannot win.
However, even in this strict version of the definition of clones, adding a non-winning clone does not change the chances of all candidates to win.
Note, that Condorcet methods would lead to a tie between all candidates in this example.
Whether Independence of clones is satisfied depends on the tie-breaker.
Using the Schulze method or ranked pairs, simply choosing one of the tied candidates at random would raise the chance of the clone-set {A, B} from 50% if B don't compete to 67%, if B compete and thus, violate the criterion.
How the definition of clones have to be adapted for scored voting methods is controversial.