community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Does chemo affect all cancers the same?
About the article "Radiation therapy", section "Effect on different types of cancer".

Candidate passages:
Overall Stage Grouping is also referred to as Roman Numeral Staging.
This system uses numerals I, II, III, and IV (plus the 0) to describe the progression of cancer.
Stage 0: carcinoma in situ.
Stage I: cancers are localized to one part of the body.
Stage I cancer can be surgically removed if small enough.
Stage II: cancers are locally advanced.
Stage II cancer can be treated by chemo, radiation, or surgery.
Stage III: cancers are also locally advanced.
Whether a cancer is designated as Stage II or Stage III can depend on the specific type of cancer; for example, in Hodgkin's Disease, Stage II indicates affected lymph nodes on only one side of the diaphragm, whereas Stage III indicates affected lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm.
The specific criteria for Stages II and III therefore differ according to diagnosis.
Stage III can be treated by chemo, radiation, or surgery.
Stage IV: cancers have often metastasized, or spread to other organs or throughout the body.
Stage IV cancer can be treated by chemo, radiation, or surgery.
Within the TNM system, a cancer may also be designated as recurrent, meaning that it has appeared again after being in remission or after all visible tumor has been eliminated.
Recurrence can either be local, meaning that it appears in the same location as the original, or distant, meaning that it appears in a different part of the body. 
Of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell, 2.3% of cases are Burkitt's lymphoma. 
Of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell, 8% of cases are MALT lymphomas. 
Of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell, 22% of cases are follicular lymphomas. 
Undergoing follicular atresia is necessary in order for women to maintain a healthy reproductive system.
The inability to regulate granulosa cell apoptosis and undergo follicular atresia has been linked to the development of some hormone-related cancers and chemo-resistance.
Question: When was Poland seized by the Nazis?
About the article "Lady with an Ermine", section "Provenance".

Candidate passages:
Through the 1920s, Orbán continued to work at art.
In 1931, he founded the Arts and Crafts Academy, Atelier, in Budapest.
In 1937, his painting "Cathedral in Eger" (1928) was seized by the Nazis from the Nuremberg Museum collection as they objected to modern art; it was never recovered.
With the rise of the Nazis, anti-Semitism and Fascism, in 1939 Orbán fled Budapest around the time of the German invasion of Poland and beginning of World War II.
At the age of nearly 55, he emigrated first to London. 
Wiktor Brillant (1877–1942) was a Polish pharmacist from Jaroslaw (Galicia, Poland) who was killed by the Nazis. 
Fictional character biography.
Jacob Goldstein, the brother of the Blue Bullet, was a resident of the Jewish ghetto of Warsaw, Poland, during World War II.
He mystically transformed himself into a Golem in order to fight the Nazis.
He assisted the Invaders when his brother was kidnapped by Doctor Death. 
Ben Helfgott was born in Pabianice, Lodz, Poland.
He was 10 years old when the Nazis invaded the country in 1939.
In 1942 with the help of Andrew Janotta he convinced the Nazis that he was Polish and not a Jew.
He was eventually sent to a concentration camp, but in 1945 he was released, but he was understandably weak.
Initially sent to Buchenwald, Helfgott survived the Holocaust and was sent to England after the war with 700 other youngsters after being liberated from Theresienstadt.
He and one of his sisters were the only members of his family to survive; his mother and youngest sister were rounded up and shot by the Nazis.
When in England, he set up a Jewish youth club. 
Born in Poland, Jack Grynberg was in the second grade when the Nazis invaded Poland.
He joined the resistance and by the age of 12 he was fighting in the forests of Belarus.
He fought until 1945.
He then moved to the U.S. state of Colorado where he attended the Colorado School of Mines, married, and began raising his three children.
He would later work as a spy for the US Army in 1957 and 1958.
Question: What is the BAU connected to?
About the article "Criminal Minds", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Bau or the acronym BAU may refer to: 
Geographically, Bau-bau lies between lattitute 5.21°S–5.33°S and longitude 122.30°E–122.47°E, or lies on the southern part of south east Sulawesi region.
Bau-Bau is bordered at the north by the Buton strait, the east by the Kapontori subdistrict, the south by the Pasarwajo subdistrict and the west by the Kadatua subdistrict.
The area of the city is about 221–km2, with the sea area around 30–km2The topographical condition of Bau-Bau mainly consists of mountain and hills.
Long coasts and long hills stretch above the surrounding terrain with the variation of altitude between 0–100 meters above mean sea level.
Bau-bau has land slope between 8–30%.
As for other Indonesian cities, Bau-Bau observes tropical weather.
The day and night temperature varies around 29 to 33 Celsius during day time and 20 to 29 Celsius during night time.
The ecosystems consist of rain forests, spiny forests and desert. 
Bau Airport is an airport serving Bau, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 
Bau-Bau or Bau-bau (Indonesian: "Kota Bau-bau") is the main city on Buton island, Indonesia.
Bau-Bau reached the city status on 21 June 2001, based on the Indonesian law number 13, year 2001.
A port called Murhum serves the city sea transportation with a ferry terminal ("jetty") operated by the Indonesian state-owned sealiner, Pelni. 
Bau is a gold mining town in the Kuching Division of Sarawak, Malaysia.
Smuggling with Kalimantan is also important to the local economy.
Question: What is the name of the garden on the Candadian side of Niagara Falls?
About the article "Niagara Falls", section "Canadian side".

Candidate passages:
 St. Catharines/Niagara District Airport (Niagara-on-the-Lake) Welland/Niagara Central Airport (Welland) Niagara Falls/Niagara South Airport (Niagara Falls)  
Niagara Falls Transit operates the public transport bus services in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.
Established in 1960, Niagara Transit originally operated ten routes.
The current service now provides 14 Monday to Saturday daytime routes, Eight Evening & Sunday & Holiday routes and three shuttle services for Brock University and Niagara College (Welland and Glendale).
In 2007 the operation of Niagara Transit was taken over by the transportation department of the City of Niagara Falls, the following year it changed its name to Niagara Falls Transit.
The motto for Niagara Falls Transit is "The way to go".
On October 8, 2013 Niagara Falls City Council approved the re-routing of Niagara Falls Transit effective January 5, 2014.  
Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian portion of Niagara Falls on the Niagara River, also known as the "Canadian Falls"Horseshoe Falls may also refer to: 
Niagara Falls is the set of large waterfalls on the Niagara River.
Niagara Falls may also refer to: Niagara Falls, New York, USA Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada *Niagara Falls (electoral district), a Canadian federal district *Niagara Falls (provincial electoral district), a Canadian provincial district Niagara Falls State Park, in Niagara Falls, New York Bushkill Falls, also known as Niagara Falls of Pennsylvania Niagara Falls (Vancouver Island), a waterfall on Niagara Creek, in Goldstream, British Columbia, Canada Niagara Falls (Cariboo), a waterfall on Niagara Creek, near Quesnel Lake in the Cariboo region of British Columbia, Canada "Niagara Falls" (1926 film), early 65mm wide-screen film "Niagara Falls" (1932 film), directed by Fatty Arbuckle "Niagara Falls" (1941 film), directed by Gordon Douglas "Niagara Falls" (Greg Hawkes album), a 1983 album by Greg Hawkes "Niagara Falls" (Phish album), a 2013 album by the band Phish Niagara Falls (band), American experimental band "Slowly I Turned", a comedy skit sometimes called "Niagara Falls" "Niagara Falls" (Chicago song), a song by the band Chicago on their 1986 album Chicago 18 "Niagara Falls" (composition), a concert band work composed by Michael Daugherty  
 Clifton Hill (Niagara Falls) Lundy's Lane Tourist District (Niagara Falls) Niagara Olde Town (Niagara-on-the-Lake) Welland Canal Centre (St. Catharines) Victoria Ave ( Niagara Falls) Port Dalhousie (St. Catharines)
Question: Rotten Tomatoes received how many ratings of "This is Not a Film" by critics?
About the article "This Is Not a Film", section "Reception".

Candidate passages:
The film was generally well received by critics, holding a 68% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. 
It was not critically well-received, with a 17% Rotten Tomatoes rating (only 3 of 18 critics liked it) and grossed only $1,100 total in its theatrical release at one theater on two screens with no advertising.
Over time, the audience ratings have trended to 40% on Rotten Tomatoes. 
The film received mixed reviews, by critics, with a 35% semi-rotten rating, on Rotten Tomatoes. 
"Zombie Apocalypse" received negative reviews from critics and audiences.
As of 2013, this film has not yet been rated by Rotten Tomatoes. 
The film was poorly received by critics, and received a 25% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Critics typically complained that the film was formulaic and not funny.
Question: Who acted as Joshua in the Movie Life is Beautiful?
About the article "Life Is Beautiful", section "Cast".

Candidate passages:
In July 2006, Singaporean television personality Allan Wu was introduced as the host of "The Amazing Race Asia".
Ricky Ow, General Manager of SPE Networks Asia described Wu as "a big fan of "The Amazing Race"" and felt that "his good looks and natural charisma will offer a different appeal from the US version.
"Over 1000 teams across Asia applied for the series, with registration accepted through 31 March 2006.
Ultimately, ten teams were selected to participate in the race; the cast included expatriates in Thailand and Hong Kong and Indian models.
Host Allan Wu commented that "the producers definitely took the time and did their homework to select the most diverse, entertaining, and controversial batch of contestants for our first season.
"The cast consisted of a few local media representatives or their relatives.
Zabrina is a Ntv7 and Channel V television producer, as well as the sister of Malaysian film director Joshua Fernandez and Hitz.FM DJ JJ Fernandez.
Aubrey is a filipina actress who acted in local movies such as "Prosti", "Xerex", "Sanib", "A Beautiful Life" and "Gagamboy"; she is also the co-host of noontime show "Masayang Tanghali Bayan".
Prashant is an Indian actor who starred in the Bollywood movie "Aag"; he was also the runner-up of Mr. India 2004.
Melody is a Singaporean TV and movie actress, having starred in local movies such as "Street Angels" and "The Teenage Textbook Movie"; she also played a supporting character in long-running drama "Love Blossoms" and its sequel, "Love Blossoms II".
This season consists of five non-Asians; Andy, Francesca, Howard and Laura are from United Kingdom, both of them have separate representatives in Asian countries (as Andy and Laura representing Thailand), and Sandy is from New Zealand, is representing Hong Kong. 
Joshua Alexander Caldwell (born December 5, 1983 in Seattle) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.
In 2006, he won a Golden Popcorn at the MTV Movie Awards for writing, directing and producing the film The Beautiful Lie. 
Nishanti Evani is a Telugu film actress and documentary director who acted in the Telugu movie Life Before Wedding ( L.B.W ) which was released in 2010. 
This movie received mixed reviews.
Roger Ebert gave it 3.5 out of 4 stars.
As of June 2012, it has a score of 50% on Rotten Tomatoes, which concludes that ""Hearts in Atlantis" is well-acted and beautiful to look at, but the movie is nothing more than a mood piece."
  Pran who acts as father of Dev Anand in movie, is only 3 years older than Dev Anand in real life; Pran born in 1920 and Dev Anand born in 1923.
Pran had earlier also acted as Dev Anand's brother in the 1970 film Johny Mera Naam.
Question: Is each bay surmounted by a brick dome?
About the article "Grand Bazaar, Istanbul", section "Architecture".

Candidate passages:
Description.
"Old Mt.
Carmel".
"It is a red brick and marble structure, in the Roman style, and seats 400."
The rectangular-on-plan Baroque Revival red brick church with marble trim is composed of a street-facing three-bay front facade, and a five-bay name.
Low-pitched roof concealed to forward bay by painted timber balustraded parapet.
Two-stage painted timber square-on-plan tower rises out of center facade bay with octagonal second stages surmounted by a bellcast-needle-like spire: both stage louvred.
Red brick walls detailed with marble platband plinths, cornices, and parapet coping.
Round-headed double-height stained-glass windows to each bay with separating pilasters detailed with limestone capitals. 
The Cadillac Public Library is a single story polygonal Classical Revival brick building sitting on a raised stone foundation.
It has a shallow-pitched hip roof with a low-pitched dome.
The entryway in through a simple door flanked by Ionic columns and surmounted with a semi-circular window. 
Henbury Hall is constructed in brick and concrete which is faced with limestone from northeast France, with the roof in local stone.
The dome is in lead, with a lantern in gunmetal and gilded copper.
It has a plan of square, with four-way symmetry.
There is a rusticated basement, and an Ionic portico on each side.
A stairway leads up to the south front.
Within each portico is a Venetian window.
Life-size statues by Simon Verity stand on the pediments.
Topping the house is a dome surmounted by a lantern. 
Barton Academy is three floors in height and is primarily constructed of brick which has been stuccoed and scored to look like ashlar.
A heavy ground floor supports the main floor and the slightly smaller third floor.
The building can be visually divided into a central block with a two-story, pedimented, hexastyle Ionic portico, five bays wide, with wrought-iron balustrades.
A low-pitched hipped roof over this block is topped by a domed cupola that is ringed by 28 Ionic columns.
The dome is surmounted by a lantern, patterned after the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates.
To either side of the central block is a plain section, three bays wide.
Adjoining these plain sections are east and west blocks, also three bays wide, with each bay defined by projecting pilasters.
Barton has had many unsympathetic additions over the years since construction, resulting in an interior that currently bears little resemblance to the original plan.
That plan consisted of a central stair hall with flanking classrooms on all three levels.
The original wooden windows have been replaced by metal ones.
Only the interior of the rotunda under the dome remains in its original condition and configuration. 
On the dome are 8 bays, each with one of the 8 interior windows below it.
The dome's exterior is made of stone and serves to hide the internal structure of the dome far below it.
On top of it is a lantern surmounted by a cross on a globe in lead, symbol of the Carthusians.
In all the dome measures 10m high and 39m in diameter.
Question: WHen did "Last Man Standing" premiere?
About the article "Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
ABC's series premiere of "Last Man Standing" drew a 3.5 adults 18–49 rating.
That was 9% better than the 3.2 adults 18–49 rating for the series premiere of "No Ordinary Family" in the same time-slot the previous year (which was two weeks earlier in the season).
Season 2 of "Last Man Standing" premiered with a 2.0, down about 38% from its first season premiere, but up about 18% from the previous season's finale. 
  "Last Man Standing": "Last Halloween Standing" (2011)  "Last Man Standing": "Haunted House" (2013)  
Last Man Standing may refer to: 
  "Last Man Standing: Last Christmas Standing" (2011)  "Last Man Standing: Putting a Hit on Christmas" (2012)  "Last Man Standing: Elfie" (2013)  
 2014: "Last Man Standing"
Question: What body parts are there considerable variations between?
About the article "Anatomy", section "Insect anatomy".

Candidate passages:
Insects possess segmented bodies supported by a hard-jointed outer covering made mostly of chitin.
The segments of the body are organized into three distinct parts, a head, a thorax and an abdomen.
The head typically bears a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, one to three simple eyes (ocelli) and three sets of modified appendages that form the mouthparts.
The thorax has three pairs of segmented legs, one pair each for the three segments that compose the thorax and one or two pairs of wings.
The abdomen is composed of eleven segments, some of which may be fused and houses the digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive systems.
There is considerable variations between species and many adaptations to the body parts, especially wings, legs, antennae and mouthparts.
There is no universally accepted distinction between a screw and a bolt.
"Machinery's Handbook" describes the distinction as follows:This distinction is consistent with ASME B18.2.1 and some dictionary definitions for "screw" and "bolt".
The issue of what is a screw and what is a bolt is not completely resolved with "Machinery's Handbook" distinction, however, because of confounding terms, the ambiguous nature of some parts of the distinction, and usage variations.
Some of these issues are discussed below: 
There are considerable species variations in the morphology and consequences of the acrosome reaction.
In several species the trigger for the acrosome reaction has been identified in a layer that surrounds the egg. 
The instrument has two main parts, the body and horn.
The body is made from chusquea culeou and is between 2 and 5 meters long and 2 to 10 cm in diameter.
The cane is cut lengthwise into two halves and then lined with string or wire wool and animal gut, usually horse to prevent air escaping.
The notes are produced from the variations in the pressure caused by blowing and also by the position of the lips. 
A fallacy of distribution is an informal fallacy occurring when an argument assumes there is no difference between a term in the "distributive" (referring to every member of a class) and "collective" (referring to the class itself as a whole) sense.
There are two variations of this fallacy:  Fallacy of composition - assumes what is true of the parts is true of the whole.
This fallacy is also known as "arguing from the specific to the general" "Since Judy is so diligent in the workplace, this entire company must have an amazing work ethic."
Fallacy of division - assumes what is true of the whole is true of its parts (or some subset of parts).
"Because this company is so corrupt, so must every employee within it be corrupt."
While fallacious, arguments that make these assumptions may be persuasive because of the representativeness heuristic.
Question: How much amount CBS Films given for getting domestic distribution right of Inside Llewyn Davis?
About the article "Inside Llewyn Davis", section "Production".

Candidate passages:
The 48th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given by the National Society of Film Critics on 4 January 2014, honored the best in film for 2013.48th NSFC Awards<br>January 4, 2014<br>Best Film: <br>Inside Llewyn Davis 
  2010: "Black Swan" (Fox Searchlight) - Darren Aronofsky * "127 Hours" (Fox Searchlight) - Danny Boyle * "Greenberg" - Noah Baumbach * "The Kids Are All Right" (Focus Features) - Lisa Cholodenko * "Winter's Bone" - Debra Granik  2011: "The Artist" (The Weinstein Company) - Michel Hazanavicius * "50/50" - Jonathan Levine * "Beginners" - Mike Mills * "The Descendants" (Fox Searchlight) - Alexander Payne * "Drive" (FilmDistrict) - Nicolas Winding Refn * "Take Shelter" - Jeff Nichols  2012: "Silver Linings Playbook" (The Weinstein Company) - David O. Russell * "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (Fox Searchlight) - Benh Zeitlin * "Bernie" - Richard Linklater * "Keep the Lights On" - Ira Sachs * "Moonrise Kingdom" (Focus Features) - Wes Anderson 2013: "12 Years a Slave" (Fox Searchlight) - Steve McQueen *"All Is Lost" (Lionsgate) - J. C. Chandor *"Frances Ha" - Noah Baumbach *"Inside Llewyn Davis" (CBS Films) - Joel and Ethan Coen *"Nebraska" (Paramount Vantage) - Alexander Payne  
  29, , New York City, NY, Town Hall, Another Day/Another Time concert for "Inside Llewyn Davis" film  
 "Her" "12 Years a Slave" "Gravity" "The Wolf of Wall Street" "Inside Llewyn Davis" "Short Term 12" "Mud" "Before Midnight" "Dallas Buyers Club" "Captain Phillips"  
  12 Years a Slave  "Dallas Buyers Club"  "Gravity"  "The Wolf of Wall Street"  "American Hustle"  "Inside Llewyn Davis"  "Saving Mr. Banks"  "Nebraska"  "Her"  "Lone Survivor"
Question: What location is the painting "Lady with an Ermine" currently in?
About the article "Lady with an Ermine", section "Provenance".

Candidate passages:
Lady with an Ermine is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci from around 1489–1490.
The subject of the portrait is Cecilia Gallerani, and probably was painted at a time when she was the mistress of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, and Leonardo was in the service of the Duke.
The painting is one of only four portraits of women painted by Leonardo, the others being the "Mona Lisa", the portrait of Ginevra de' Benci, and "La belle ferronnière".
It is currently displayed in the Czartoryski Museum, Kraków, Poland.  
When exhibited in The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston in 2003, the painting was described as "signala breakthrough in the art of psychological portraiture". 
Ermine is an unincorporated community in Letcher County, Kentucky, United States.
Its ZIP Code is 41815.
A post office was established in the community in 1904.
The origins of the place name Ermine are unclear: it might have named for the first postmaster Ermine Webb, resident Ermine Hall, or resident Ermine Craft. 
"Lady with an Ermine" was one of the visual inspirations for Philip Pullman's concept of dæmons, appearing in the "His Dark Materials" series of novels.
This painting also features in the Robert Harris novel Fatherland as part of a collection stolen by a quartet of Nazi officials who were also part of the board who passed Hitler s Final Solution.
The painting is hidden in a Swiss bank vault along with incriminating evidence of the Final Solution and remains there although at the end of the novel it is assumed that one of the protagonists will return and bring the painting back into the world.
In the novel, this painting signifys that although the officials were corrupt in other ways, they were unable to accept the terrible human sacrifice of the Holocaust & were prepared to die rather than meekly go along with it. 
A wall painting in the parlour of Great Chalfield Manor is traditionally claimed to be a portrait of Tropenell.
Apparently of the right period, it shows a burly man wearing a gown trimmed with ermine and what may be a beaver hat, holding what appears to be a money bag.