community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What forbids the eating of shellfish and eels?
About the article "Seafood", section "In religion".

Candidate passages:
In Islam, the Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali schools allow the eating of shellfish, while the Hanafi school does not allow it in Sunni Islam.
Nor does the Shi'ite school (Ja'fari) allow it.
The Jewish laws of Kashrut forbid the eating of shellfish and eels.
According to the King James version of the bible, it is alright to eat finfish, but shellfish and eels are an abomination and should not be eaten.
Since early times, the Catholic Church has forbidden the practice of eating meat, eggs and dairy products at certain times.
Thomas Aquinas argued that these "afford greater pleasure as food fish, and greater nourishment to the human body, so that from their consumption there results a greater surplus available for seminal matter, which when abundant becomes a great incentive to lust."
For the most part Islamic dietary laws allow the eating of seafood, though the Hanbali forbid eels, the Shafi forbid frogs and crocodiles, and the Hanafi forbid bottom feeders such as shellfish and carp.
The Jewish laws of Kashrut forbid the eating of shellfish and eels.
According to the King James version of the bible, it is alright to eat finfish, but shellfish and eels are an abomination and should not be eaten.
Since early times, the Catholic church has forbidden the practice of eating meat, eggs and dairy products at certain times.
Thomas Aquinas argued that these "afford greater pleasure as food fish, and greater nourishment to the human body, so that from their consumption there results a greater surplus available for seminal matter, which when abundant becomes a great incentive to lust."
In the United States, the Catholic practice of abstaining from meat on Fridays has popularized the Friday fish fry, and parishes often sponsor a fish fry during Lent.
In predominantly Roman Catholic areas, restaurants may adjust their menus during Lent by adding seafood items to the menu.
The Jewish laws of Kashrut forbid the eating of shellfish.
The book of Leviticus prohibits the consumption of shellfish. 
Moe Howard had fond memories of filming "A Pain in the Pullman".
He also recalled his intense dislike for shellfish, and how brother Curly Howard cut the inside of his mouth eating the shells from a Dungeness crab: 
Raw freshwater fish and shellfish contain chemicals that destroy thiamine.
Eating a lot of raw fish or shellfish can contribute to thiamine deficiency.
But cooked fish and seafood are OK.
They don't have any affect on thiamine, because cooking destroys the chemicals that harm thiamine.
Question: What is the name of the particular nucleotide for A?
About the article "Nucleic acid sequence", section "Notation".

Candidate passages:
Regulator of chromosome condensation 1, also known as RCC1, is the name for a human gene and protein.RCC1 also functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ran GTPase. 
SGEF (Src homology 3 domain-containing Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor) is a 97 kDa protein involved in intracellular signalling networks.
It functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoG, a small G protein of the Rho family. 
In enzymology, a pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide nucleosidase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide + H2O formula_1 D-ribose 5-phosphate + a pyrimidine base Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide and H2O, whereas its two products are D-ribose 5-phosphate and pyrimidine base.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosylases that hydrolyse N-glycosyl compounds.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide phosphoribo(deoxyribo)hydrolase.
Other names in common use include pyrimidine nucleotide N-ribosidase, and Pyr5N.
This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism.  
The duplicated gene nucleotide variant database (dbDNV) is a database of duplicated-gene nucleotide variants in the human genome  
In nucleotide sugar metabolism a group of biochemicals known as nucleotide sugars act as donors for sugar residues in the glycosylation reactions that produce polysaccharides.
They are substrates for glycosyltransferases.
The nucleotide sugars are also intermediates in nucleotide sugar interconversions that produce some of the activated sugars needed for glycosylation reactions.
Since most glycosylation takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus, there are a large family of nucleotide sugar transporters that allow nucleotide sugars to move from the cytoplasm, where they are produced, into the organelles where they are consumed.
Nucleotide sugar metabolism is particularly well-studied in yeast, fungal pathogens, and bacterial pathogens, such as "E. coli" and "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", since these molecules are required for the synthesis of glycoconjugates on the surfaces of these organisms.
These glycoconjugates are virulence factors and components of the fungal and bacterial cell wall.
These pathways are also studied in plants, but here the enzymes involved are less well understood.
Question: What guarantees freedom of religion?
About the article "South Korea", section "Religion".

Candidate passages:
Contemporary debates.
Freedom From Religion Foundation.
The Freedom From Religion Foundation, which bills itself as the largest association of freethinkers (atheists, agnostics, and skeptics) in the United States, argues that the U.S. Constitution not only prohibits the intrusion of religion into the processes of government, but also guarantees equal rights to citizens who choose not to follow any religion.
Conservative sociopolitical commentator Bryan Fischer responds, "The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, not freedom from religion."
The North Korean constitution guarantees freedom of belief; however, the US Department of State International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 claims that "Genuine religious freedom does not exist."
Article 2 of the Constitution of Argentina reads: "The Federal Government supports the Roman Catholic Apostolic religion."
Article 14 guarantees all the inhabitants of the Nation the right "to profess freely their religion."
The nation is based on belief in God, but the state guarantees religious freedom for all. 
Legal provision.
European Convention on Human Rights.
The ECHR guarantees in Article 9 that subjects will have:
Question: What forest lines the banks?
About the article "Victoria Falls", section "Vegetation".

Candidate passages:
This species is present in deciduous forest, rainforest, and cloud forest.
It usually prefers the forest canopy, the banks of rivers and the forest edges, at elevations between sea level and about 1200 m. 
Some of the early settlers in the district prior to the establishment of Canberra made their homes on the Kowen district.
Luke and Mary Colverwell settled in a cottage on the banks of Glenburn Creek in what is now known as Kowen Forest. 
Moore emphasizes the mechanics of credit creation, particularly lines of credit extended by banks to large corporations. 
 Aorangi Forest Park Catlins Forest Park Coromandel Forest Park Craigieburn Forest Park Hanmer Forest Park Kaimai-Mamaku Forest Park Kaimanawa Forest Park Kaweka Forest Park Lake Sumner Forest Park Mount Richmond Forest Park Northland Forest Park Peel Forest Park Pirongia Forest Park Pureora Forest Park Raukumara Forest Park Rimutaka Forest Park Ruahine Forest Park Tararua Forest Park Victoria Forest Park Whirinaki Forest Park List of Forest Parks.
A large portion of what is now Kahurangi National Park was formerly the North-west Nelson Forest Park. 
Government forest areas that are close to human settlement and have been degraded over the years due to human activities needed to be afforested.
Trees were to be planted in and around agricultural fields.
Plantation of trees along railway lines and roadsides, and river and canal banks were carried out.
They were planted in village common land, government wasteland, and Panchayat land.
Question: Who supervised te restoration of Notre Dame de paris in 1845?
About the article "Notre Dame de Paris", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Notre-Dame de Paris (; French for "Our Lady of Paris"), also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or simply Notre-Dame, is a historic Catholic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France.
The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world.
The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture.
As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame is the parish that contains the "cathedra", or official chair, of the archbishop of Paris, currently Cardinal André Vingt-Trois.
The cathedral treasury is notable for its reliquary which houses some of Catholicism's most important first-class relics including the purported Crown of Thorns, a fragment of the True Cross, and one of the Holy Nails.
In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered desecration during the radical phase of the French Revolution when much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed.
An extensive restoration supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc began in 1845.
A project of further restoration and maintenance began in 1991.
Notre Dame commonly refers to:  "Notre Dame" (Our Lady), a French title for the Blessed Virgin Mary  Notre Dame de Paris, the most famous church with this name  University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States * Notre Dame Fighting Irish football, athletic team of Univ.
of Notre Dame  Notre Dame Educational Association, a network of Notre Dame Schools in the Philippines It may also refer to: 
  Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, Lyon  Cathedral of Nôtre Dame, Amiens, Amiens Cathedral  Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Bayeux, Bayeux Cathedral  Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres, Chartres Cathedral  Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Rouen, Rouen Cathedral  Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cathedral  Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame, Melun, on rue de la Courtille on the île Saint-Etienne  Église Notre Dame de l'Assomption, Metz, situated on the Rue de la Chèvre  Église Notre-Dame la Grande, Poitiers, a Roman Catholic church in Poitiers, France  Notre-Dame de la Garde, Marseille  Notre-Dame de Nice, neo-Gothic basilica situated on the Avenue Jean-Médecin  Notre Dame de Paris, Gothic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité  Notre-Dame de Reims, Reims Cathedral  Notre Dame des Cyclistes, Labastide-d'Armagnac  Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp  
The Church Notre-Dame-de-Lorette is a neoclassical church in the 9th arrondissement of Paris.  
Notre-Dame-d'Auteuil is a church on the Auteuil hill in the 16e arrondissement de Paris.
Question: The 40mm ball was introduced after which olympics?
About the article "Table tennis", section "Ball".

Candidate passages:
The 7.62×40mm Wilson Tactical (7.62×40mm WT) is a centerfire rifle cartridge introduced in 2011 by Wilson Combat.
The goal was to produce an accurate, low-recoil .30-caliber cartridge that could be used in AR-15/M4 rifles using as many standard components as possible. 
The SMC Pentax-DA 40mm f/2.8 Limited lens is a pancake lens for the Pentax K-mount.
At only 0.6 in (15 mm) long, it was the smallest lens made by Pentax until the 40mm XS lens was introduced.
The lens has a 35mm equivalent focal length of 60mm; it is part of the Limited series of high-performance compact lenses. 
The Milkor 37/38mm Less Lethal “Stopper” Single-shot was designed and distributed in 1981 by Milkor (Pty) Ltd as a less-lethal anti-riot weapon along with the Milkor 40mm Single shot Grenade Launcher which was designed as a reduced-cost grenade launcher for the SWAPOL Forces.
In 2008, Milkor (Pty) Ltd released a new design designated the Milkor 37/38mm or 40mm Stopper Convertible, which is a single shot break-open weapon designed to utilize a variety of 37/38mm or 40mm Less Lethal rounds.
As with the original Milkor MGL, the Stopper was originally marketed for Milkor by Armscor (South Africa). 
On July 7, 1896, the first game of volleyball was played at Springfield College.
In 1900, Spalding started to produce a special ball, which was designed specifically for the sport – A volleyball.
In 1920, new rules were instigated which included the three hits per side and the back row attack rules.
In 1964, at the summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, was where Volleyball was introduced to the Olympics.  
Handball was introduced as an Olympic sport for men at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but dropped after that, only to be resumed at the 1972 Summer Olympics, again on German territory.
Women's handball competition was introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Question: When was "Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire" written?
About the article "The Christmas Song", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
She was married to sketch artist and famed songwriter Robert Wells (1922–1998) from 1949 until her death in 1990.
They had no children.
Wells co-wrote "The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)" with Mel Torme. 
 "Genie in a Bottle" "So Emotional" "Come On Over (All I Want Is You)" "What a Girl Wants" "I Turn to You" "At Last" "When You Put Your Hands On Me" "The Christmas Song" ("Chestnuts Roasting On An Open Fire")  
  "Marvelous Toy"  "Blue Christmas"  "Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer"  "Little Drummer Boy"  "The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting On An Open Fire)"  "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"  
  "Aspenglow"  "The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)"  "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"  "Silver Bells"  "Please, Daddy (Don’t Get Drunk This Christmas)"  "Christmas for Cowboys"  
 "The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)" "There's Still My Joy" "We Three Kings of Orient Are" "25th of Last December" "As Long as There's Christmas" *performed by Roberta Flack & Peabo Bryson "Because This Child Was Born" "When There's Love" "Little Drummer Boy" "O Come All Ye Faithful"
Question: What exactly is the primary flag carrier in Portugal?
About the article "Portugal", section "Transport".

Candidate passages:
The Domus municipalis () is a Romanesque building in the northeastern municipality of Bragança in Portugal.
It is what exactly was the function of this building, even after research completed in the 20th century: it could have served as cistern, but there are doubts if this was its primary function. 
Bahamasair is the national flag carrier airline of the Bahamas. 
Social and political movements have adopted flags, to increase their visibility and as a unifying symbol.
The socialist movement uses red flags to represent their cause.
The anarchist movement has a variety of different flags, but the primary flag associated with them is the black flag.
In the Spanish civil war, the anarcists used the red-and-black bisected flag.
In the 1900s, the rainbow flag was adopted as a symbol of the LGBT social movements.
Bisexual and transgender pride flags were later designed, in an attempt to emulate the rainbow flag's success.
Some of these political flags have become national flags, such as the red flag of the Soviet Union and national socialist banners for Nazi Germany.
The present Flag of Portugal is based on what had been the political flag of the Portuguese Republican Party previous to the 5 October 1910 revolution which brought this party to power. 
Although Air Macau serves as Macau's flag carrier, the Special Administrative Region of Macau flag has never appeared on any of its aircraft.
Neither did the flag of Portugal appear on its aircraft prior 1999 handover. 
Air Tanzania is the flag carrier airline of Tanzania.
Question: Name the The US copyright representative for Les Heritiers Matisse
About the article "Henri Matisse", section "Legacy".

Candidate passages:
The first painting of Matisse acquired by a public collection was "Still Life with Geraniums" (1910), exhibited in the Pinakothek der Moderne.
His "The Plum Blossoms" (1948) was purchased on 8 September 2005, for the Museum of Modern Art by Henry Kravis and the new president of the museum, Marie-Josée Drouin.
Estimated price was US$25 million.
Previously, it had not been seen by the public since 1970.
In 2002, a Matisse sculpture, "Reclining Nude I (Dawn)," sold for US$9.2 million, a record for a sculpture by the artist.
Matisse's daughter Marguerite often aided Matisse scholars with insights about his working methods and his works.
She died in 1982 while compiling a catalogue of her father's work.
Matisse's son, Pierre Matisse, (1900–1989) opened a modern art gallery in New York City during the 1930s.
The Pierre Matisse Gallery which was active from 1931 until 1989 represented and exhibited many European artists and a few Americans and Canadians in New York often for the first time.
He exhibited Joan Miró, Marc Chagall, Alberto Giacometti, Jean Dubuffet, André Derain, Yves Tanguy, Le Corbusier, Paul Delvaux, Wifredo Lam, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Balthus, Leonora Carrington, Zao Wou Ki, Sam Francis, sculptors Theodore Roszak, Raymond Mason and Reg Butler, and several other important artists, including the work of Henri Matisse.
Henri Matisse's grandson, Paul Matisse, is an artist and inventor living in Massachusetts.
Matisse's great-granddaughter Sophie Matisse is active as an artist.
Les Heritiers Matisse functions as his official Estate.
The US copyright representative for Les Heritiers Matisse is the Artists Rights Society.
Births: Henri Matisse, artist Marshal Mortier Pierre Nord Raymond Poïvet, one of the creators of the famous French science fiction comics "Les Pionniers de l'Espérance" Pierre Mauroy was a high school student in Le Cateau, and later its representative at the general council for the Nord department. 
Matisse is an impact crater on the Southern hemisphere of Mercury.
Matisse takes its name from the French artist Henri Matisse. 
Matisse is an English language-singing alternative rock band from Athens, Greece formed in 1999.
They took their name from the famous French painter Henri Matisse. 
The Green Stripe ("La Raie Verte"), also known as Portrait of Madame Matisse.
The Green Line, is a portrait by Henri Matisse of his wife, Amélie Noellie Matisse-Parayre.
He painted it in 1905, just prior to such works being derisively labeled as the creations of Les Fauves (the wild beasts), along with similar works of André Derain and Maurice de Vlaminck.
The painting hangs in Statens Museum for Kunst in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Question: What percentage of aircraft were mobilized?
About the article "Invasion of Poland", section "Poland".

Candidate passages:
During Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, numerous units were mobilized and deployed to the Gulf Region.
These units provided air support which contributed to the victory of allied forces. 
The Marine Aviation Reserve was inactive from 1918 through 1928.
When reconstituted the names and aircraft used by these squadrons changed frequently but their home duty stations remained constant.
The aircraft for these squadrons were assigned to the reserve bases themselves and were shared with co-located Navy Reserve squadrons.
The squadrons were absorbed into the 1st and 2nd Marine Aircraft Wings and their identities lost when they were mobilized in December 1940. 
Twenty Concorde aircraft were built, six for development and 14 for commercial service.
These were Two prototypes Two pre-production aircraft 16 production aircraft *The first two of these did not enter commercial service *Of the 14 which flew commercially, nine were still in service in April 2003 All but two of these aircraft—a remarkably high percentage for any commercial fleet—are preserved. 
The Soviet Union mobilized women at an early stage of the war, integrating them into the main army units, and not using the "auxiliary" status.
Some 800,000 women served, most of whom were in front-line duty units.
About 300,000 served in anti-aircraft units and performed all functions in the batteries—including firing the guns.
A small number were combat flyers in the Air Force. 
The S.510 entered service in early 1936, being assigned to the GC I/7 in May 1937 and the GC II/7 in July, 1938.
They were intended as transition aircraft between the Morane-Saulnier MS-225 and the Morane-Saulnier MS-406 and served in the Weiser Circus, a military acrobatic group.
Upon the outbreak of World War 2, the S.510 served in reserve squadrons only.
The metropolitan reserves were mobilized into the II/561 based in Havre-Oteville.
From January 18, 1940 over a period of weeks, the S.510s were replaced with Bloch MB.151 aircraft, the "groupe" changing designation to GC III/10.
The displaced S.510s returned to their training role.
Approximately ten S.510s had been sent to French North Africa where, by the Battle of France, they were mobilized into a fighter group, the GC III/5, but their age allowed them to be used for training flights only.
Question: Who was the superintendent of the Statue of Liberty National Monument?
About the article "Statue of Liberty", section "Closures and reopening (2001–present)".

Candidate passages:
Statue of Liberty National Monument is a United States national monument located in the states of New Jersey and New York, and comprising Liberty Island and Ellis Island.
It includes the Statue of Liberty, situated on Liberty Island, and the immigration station at Ellis Island, which was opened in 1892 and closed in 1954.
President Calvin Coolidge used his authority under the Antiquities Act to declare the statue a national monument in 1924.
In 1937, by proclamation 2250, President Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded the monument to include all of Bedloe's Island, and in 1956, an act of Congress officially renamed it Liberty Island.
Ellis Island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument by proclamation of President Lyndon Johnson in 1965.
The United States historic district, a single listing on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, was designated in 1966.
The monument is managed by the National Park Service as part of the National Parks of New York Harbor office.
The islands were closed during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 and suffered severe damage.
Liberty Island reopened July 4, 2013.
Extensive repairs on Ellis Island are still being made. 
The Liberty Statue or Freedom Statue (, ) is a monument on the Gellért Hill in Budapest, Hungary.
It commemorates those who sacrificed their lives for the independence, freedom, and prosperity of Hungary. 
Liberty Island is a small uninhabited island in New York Harbor in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty.
Though so called since the start of the 20th century, the name did not become official until 1956.
In 1937, by proclamation 2250, President Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded the Statue of Liberty National Monument to include all of Bedloe's Island, and in 1956, an act of Congress officially renamed it.
It became part of the National Register of Historic Places site Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island in 1966.
The island was closed to the public after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 until reopening on July 4, 2013. 
The Statue of Liberty is a world famous symbol of freedom, given by France to the United States in celebration of friendship.
Nearby Ellis Island was the first stop for millions of immigrants to the U.S. in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The national monument recalls this period of massive immigration to the United States.
Inside the statue, a plaque is engraved with words from "The New Colossus", the poem by Emma Lazarus: 
The Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, is a replica of the Statue of Liberty.
It was placed by the Boy Scouts of America as part of its 1950's era campaign, "Strengthen the Arm of Liberty.
"It is in the Pine Bluff Memorial Gardens.