community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Jibbing can be defined as what?
About the article "Snowboarding", section "Jibbing".

Candidate passages:
Jibbing is technical riding on non-standard surfaces, usually performing tricks.
The word "jib" is both a noun and a verb, depending on the usage of the word.
As a noun: a jib includes metal rails, boxes, benches, concrete ledges, walls, vehicles, rocks and logs.
As a verb: to jib is referring to the action of jumping, sliding or riding on top of objects other than snow.
It is directly influenced by grinding a skateboard.
Jibbing is a freestyle snowboarding technique of riding.
Typically jibbing occurs in a snowboard resort park but can also be done in urban environments.
Freeride snowboarders also commonly find incidental jibs, such as a downed tree, that prove suitable to ride over in the course of their line or run.
Global education can be defined as:  
An author is broadly defined as "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created.
Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work and can also be described as a writer. 
Since the launch of the What on Earth?
Wallbook the word "wallbook" has been defined in Macmillan's Open Dictionary as a new noun meaning: "a large printed book which can be mounted on a wall"  
 Slopestyle: Performing tricks on a slopestyle course consisting of multiple jumps, rails and innovative features.
Big Air: Performing tricks including grabs, spins and inverts over jumps.
Jibbing: Similar to Slopestyle except with the focus on smaller more technical features such as rails, quarterpipes, drops and smaller kickers.
Question: Who coined the term "Impressionism"?
About the article "Claude Monet", section "First "Impressionist" exhibition".

Candidate passages:
Pioneering work in this field was conducted in the 1990s by California mosaic artist Roy Feinson, who because of its underlying similarities to 19th century impressionism coined the term Impressionist Mosaics.
In 2006, mosaic artists Nick Berg and Alan Roth made custom mosaics using this technique commercially available in marble and wood.
Because of the increased image resolution inherent in the impressionist mosaic process, they coined the terms High Definition Mosaics and Photo-realistic Mosaics. 
Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet.
Fry used the term when he organized the 1910 exhibition "Manet and Post-Impressionism".
Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colours, thick application of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour. 
Post-Impressionism (also spelled Postimpressionism) is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet.
Fry used the term when he organized the 1910 exhibition "Manet and the Post-Impressionists".
Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colours, often thick application of paint, and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour. 
Félix Fénéon (22 June 1861, Turin, Italy – 29 February 1944, Châtenay-Malabry) was a Parisian anarchist and art critic during the late 19th century.
He coined the term "Neo-impressionism" in 1886 to identify a group of artists led by Georges Seurat, and ardently promoted them.
The Fénéon Prize was established in 1949 by his wife based on proceeds from the sale of his art collection. 
Octavius Sturges (1833 - 3 Nov 1895) was a British paediatrician who coined the term "chorea".
Question: What is the AFL?
About the article "Football", section "Irish and Australian varieties".

Candidate passages:
AFL Premiership 2005 is a simulation game for PlayStation 2 based on the AFL.
It is the ninth game in the AFL video game series. 
The following is a list of all the video games from the AFL video game series:  "Aussie Rules Footy" (1991) NES  "AFL Finals Fever" (1996) Microsoft Windows  "AFL 98" (1998) PlayStation, Microsoft Windows  "AFL 99" (1999) PlayStation, Microsoft Windows  "Kevin Sheedy's: AFL Coach 2002" (2001) Microsoft Windows  "AFL Live 2003" (2002) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox  "AFL Live 2004" (2003) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox  "AFL Live Premiership Edition" (2004) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox  "AFL Premiership 2005" (2005) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox  "AFL Premiership 2006" (2006) PlayStation 2  "AFL Premiership 2007" (2007) PlayStation 2  "AFL Mascot Manor" (2009) Nintendo DS  "AFL Challenge" (2009) PlayStation Portable  "AFL Live" (2011, 2012) PlayStation 3, Xbox 360  "AFL (Wii)" (2011, 2012) Wii  "AFL Live 2" (2013) PlayStation 3, Xbox 360  
The Academic Free License (AFL) is a permissive free software license written in 2002 by Lawrence E. Rosen, the general counsel of the Open Source Initiative (OSI).
The license grants similar rights to the BSD, MIT, UoI/NCSA and Apache licenses — licenses allowing the software to be made proprietary — but was written to correct perceived problems with those licenses: The AFL makes clear what software is being licensed by including a statement following the software's copyright notice; The AFL includes a complete copyright grant to the software; The AFL contains a complete patent grant to the software; The AFL makes clear that no trademark rights are granted to the licensor's trademarks; The AFL warrants that the licensor either owns the copyright or is distributing the software under a license; The AFL is itself copyrighted, with the right granted to copy and distribute without modification.
The Free Software Foundation consider all AFL versions through 3.0 as incompatible with the GNU GPL.
though Eric S. Raymond (a co-founder of the OSI) contends that AFL 3.0 is GPL compatible.
In late 2002, an OSI working draft considered it a "best practice" license.
In mid-2006, however, the OSI's License Proliferation Committee found it "redundant with more popular licenses", specifically version 2 of the Apache Software License. 
AFL Insider is an Australian AFL talk show that deals with the issues in the AFL.
It airs on Fox Sports on 6 July 2010, beginning at later moves to Fox Footy. 
Metal Trades Department of the AFL-CIO is a trade department of the AFL-CIO.
It was founded June 15, 1908, and has a membership of 5 million in 14 AFL-CIO unions.
Question: Who encouraged the consumption of salads in 1699?
About the article "Salad", section "History".

Candidate passages:
Sir Edward Phelips (1638 – 4 April 1699) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1661 and 1699. 
There are egg-free mayonnaise-like spreads available for people who want to avoid animal fat and cholesterol, or who have egg allergies.
These are also suitable for vegans, and for religious vegetarians who abstain from egg consumption, such as followers of Hindu vegetarianism.
Well-known brands include Nayonaise and Vegenaise in North America, and Plamil Egg Free in the UK.
A popular substitute for mayonnaise is a mashed avocado with a squeeze of lemon; for example, tuna salads and egg salads are often made using avocado instead of mayonnaise. 
Events from the year 1699 in the Kingdom of Scotland. 
Fruit salads are made of fruit, and include the fruit cocktail that can be made fresh or from canned fruit.
Although tomatoes are considered fruits, and commonly included in salads, they are not normally an ingredient in Fruit Salad. 
Organist of: St Dunstan-in-the-West 1674 - 1699 St Michael, Cornhill 1684 - 1699 St. Paul's Cathedral 1687 - 1699
Question: Who is the friend that disappears in Pretty Little Liars?
About the article "Pretty Little Liars", section "Overview".

Candidate passages:
  "Pretty Little Liars": "The First Secret" (2011)  "Pretty Little Liars": "This Is a Dark Ride" (2012)  "Pretty Little Liars": "Grave New World" (2013)  
The web series was written by Kyle Bown & Kim Turrisi and directed by Arthur Anderson.
Kyle Bown, the assistant to "Pretty Little Liars" showrunner I. Marlene King, and Kim Turrisi, who is not part of the writing staff, were hired to write the web series by ABC Family, however the crew behind "Pretty Little Liars" was also used with the web series.
The web series introduced Aeriél Miranda as Shana to the "Pretty Little Liars" franchise.
None of the series regulars from "Pretty Little Liars" appears in the web series. 
Anderson auditioned for the role of Stella in the television series "Jonas", but actress Chelsea Staub ended up winning the role.
After the series plot changed, producers decided to create a best friend for Stella and offered Anderson, the role of Macy.
Anderson was added to the cast of the television series "Beauty & the Beast", Anderson signed on to the recurring role of Heather Chandler, Catherine's (Kristin Kreuk) younger sister.
In May 2013, it was announced that Anderson had joined "Ravenswood", a "Pretty Little Liars" spin-off, as Miranda Collins, a foster kid, who relies on her wits to cover her emotional scars.
Prior to appearing in "Ravenswood", Anderson appeared in the "Pretty Little Liars" episode "Grave New World", introducing her character, Miranda Collins. 
Songs That Duke Wrote is the Second full-length studio album released by Ben Rector.<br><br>The song “After All” was used in the June 15, 2010 episode of the ABC Family show Pretty Little Liars. 
Shepard's "Pretty Little Liars" and "The Lying Game" book series have been turned into a television series by ABC Family.
The "Pretty Little Liars" series of novels is "loosely based on her experiences growing up on Philadelphia's Main Line.
""Pretty Little Liars" is filming season four and has been picked up for a fifth.
It has also been announced that it would get its own spin-off, "Ravenswood".
Troian Bellisario, Ashley Benson, Shay Mitchell, and Lucy Hale star as the main characters: Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields and Aria Montgomery.
Shepard had a cameo on "Pretty Little Liars" in episode seven of season one.
"The Lying Game" was canceled after its second season that aired in March 2013.
Alexandra Chando starred as the main two characters: Sutton Mercer and Emma Becker.
Question: Is Ant nebula, Cricket nebula, or Goldfish nebula the most notable?
About the article "Nebula", section "Notable named nebulae".

Candidate passages:
Ant Nebula
Barnard's Loop
Boomerang Nebula
Cat's Eye Nebula
Crab Nebula
Eagle Nebula
Eskimo Nebula
Eta Carinae Nebula
Fox Fur Nebula
Helix Nebula
Hourglass Nebula
Horsehead Nebula
Lagoon Nebula
Orion Nebula
Pelican Nebula
Red Square Nebula
Ring Nebula
Rosette Nebula
Tarantula Nebula
Nebula catalogs
Gum catalog
RCW Catalogue
Sharpless catalog
  Homunculus Nebula around Eta Carinae   Hubble 5   M2-9 – The Wings of a Butterfly Nebula   OH231.8+4.2 – The Calabash Nebula or Rotten Egg Nebula   Mz3 (or Menzel 3) – The Ant Nebula   CRL 2688 – The Egg Nebula   HD 44179 – The Red Rectangle Nebula   MyCn18 – The Hourglass Nebula   He2-104 – The Southern Crab Nebula   The Boomerang Nebula   NGC 2346 – Also known as Butterfly NGC 2346   
The Kleinmann-Low nebula (Orion KL nebula) is the most active part of the Orion Nebula.
It is a cluster of stars within a molecular cloud. 
NGC 3132, also known as the Eight-Burst Nebula, the Southern Ring Nebula, is a bright and extensively studied planetary nebula in the constellation Vela.
Its distance from Earth is estimated at about 550 pc.
or 2,000 light-years. 
Nebula is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.
Question: How many Set Fire to the Rain remixes are there?
About the article "Set Fire to the Rain", section "Track listing".

Candidate passages:
;Digital EP — remixes
"Set Fire to the Rain" (Thomas Gold Remix) – 
"Set Fire to the Rain" (Thomas Gold Dub) – 
"Set Fire to the Rain" (Moto Blanco Remix) – 
"Set Fire to the Rain" (Moto Blanco Edit) – 
Along with the base songs there are also many remixes.
These remixes were created by DJ's including will.i.am, David Guetta, and Robbie Rivera  
There are remixes featuring The-Dream, Chingy and Trae. 
There are two remixes to the song, the first remix features R&B singer Mario and the second remix features Reggaeton/R&B singer Jayko. 
  In 2012, Grammy Award-nominated Texan blues and folk musician, Ruthie Foster, covered "Set Fire To The Rain" on her album "Let it Burn".
On December 11, 2011, Masha covered "Set Fire To The Rain" on her YouTube channel, her cover received nearly 1 million views as of November 2013.
Question: How is handball different then association football?
About the article "Handball", section "Goalkeeper".

Candidate passages:
Handball may mean two very different sports: American handball/Gaelic handball and Team Handball.
Handball may also refer to:  Chinese handball, a variant of American handball popular in New York City during the 1960s and 70s  Australian handball  Beach handball  Czech handball  Field handball, the original outdoor team handball, played at the 1936 Olympics  Frisian handball  Handball (children's game) or Four square, a game played on four squares  Handball (school), a game prominently played in schools in Australia, New Zealand and Fiji at recess  Handball (Australian rules football), a legal method of disposing of the ball and an alternative to a footpass  Handball, a foul (association football) for illegal use of arms or hands  
The Israel national handball team represents the Israeli Handball in the different international competitions such as the World Handball Championship that are held every two years.
The team is managed by the Israeli Handball Association, and is built by players from the Israeli Handball League and handball leagues in Europe.  
Handball is one of the most popular pastimes in Denmark, only exceeded by e.g.
football.
At the end of 2003 the Danish Handball Association had more than 146.000 active and passive members. 
 *"Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona"  
All competitive handball in Scotland is sanctioned and organised by the Scottish Handball Association.
Question: Saudi Arabia joined the UN in what year?
About the article "Saudi Arabia", section "Foreign relations".

Candidate passages:
There are several transportation modes in the Saudi Arabia. 
  List of sports venues in Saudi Arabia  Football in Saudi Arabia  Saudi Arabia at the Olympics  
Football is the most popular sport in Saudi Arabia.
Football in Saudi Arabia is governed by Saudi Arabia Football Federation ().
It was founded in the year of 1956.
It performs the function of administering both the club competitions and the national football team of Saudi Arabia.
The founder of Saudi Arabia Football Federation is Prince Abdullah bin Faisal al Saud. 
This article is about the sports in Saudi Arabia. 
The UN Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM) was established in 1963.
North Yemen entered into a state of civil war in 1962.
Yemen had joined Egypt in 1958, and then in 1962, separated again, sparking the conflict.
To ensure that this conflict did not escalate into an international incident, the UN set up the UN Yemen Observation Mission.
Around 1963, Saudi Arabia and Egypt joined in the civil war.
The task of UNYOM was to monitor Saudi Arabia and Egypt in order to make sure they did not tilt the conflict one way or another and avoided causing a potentially harmful dispute through that part of the Middle East.
The civil war ended in 1964 and UNYOM continued to watch and control the situation in Yemen while supervising disengagement of Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
Question: What state is Coffee sold in?
About the article "Coffee", section "Roasting".

Candidate passages:
In 1988, the National Standards Authority of Ireland published Irish Standard I.S.
417: Irish Coffee.
Although whiskey, coffee and cream are the basic ingredients in all Irish coffee, variations in preparation exist.
The choice of coffee and the methods used for brewing it differ significantly.
The use of espresso machines or fully automatic coffee brewers is now typical: the coffee is either a caffè americano (espresso diluted with hot water) or some kind of filter coffee, often made using a coffee capsule.
The cream used by some bars to make what is sold as "Irish coffee" is sometimes sprayed from a can.
Some bartenders gently shake fresh cream to achieve a smooth layer atop the coffee.
In Spain, Irish Coffee ("café irlandés") is sometimes served with a bottom layer of whiskey, a separate coffee layer, and a layer of cream on top; special devices are sold for making it.
Some bars in Southeast Asia serve a cocktail of iced coffee and whiskey, sometimes without cream, under the name "Irish Coffee.
"Many drinks of hot coffee with a distilled spirit, and cream floated on top—liqueur coffees—are given names derived from Irish coffee, although the names are not standardised; Jamaican coffee would be expected to be made with rum, Highland coffee with Scotch whisky, and so on. 
In the state legislature, Coffee Creek is in , and .
Federally, Coffee Creek is in . 
The Woods Coffee is a local chain of 14 coffee houses based in Whatcom County, Washington State. 
Coffee shop can refer to:  Coffeehouse or "café"  Coffee shop, in the U.S., a casual, popular-priced restaurant similar to a diner  Kopi tiam, a version of the coffee shops common in Singapore and Malaysia  Cannabis coffee shop, a place where marijuana is sold and consumed Music  "Coffee Shop" (B.A.P song)  "Coffee Shop" (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)  "Coffee Shop" (Yung Joc song)  "Coffee Shop Soundtrack" (All Time Low song)  
Millstone Coffee is a brand of coffee sold in the US, a division of The J.M.
Smucker Company.
The company sells whole bean and ground coffee in retail settings and on its website.
Question: Who plays Doreen?
About the article "Rules of Engagement (TV series)", section "Major recurring characters".

Candidate passages:
Doreen Marjorie Gorsky née Doreen Stephens (12 October 1912-20 March 2001), was a British Liberal Party politician, feminist and television producer and executive who during her career specialised in women's and children's programmes. 
Vasanthi Chathurani, who was born as Wasantha Doreen Peterson schooled at Holy Cross Convent, Gampaha. 
Doreen Gamboa Fernandez (October 28, 1934 - June 24, 2002) was a noted food critic, author, and columnist who wrote extensively about the arts and Filipino cuisine. 
Doreen Hume (born July 14, 1926) is a Canadian soprano soloist who performed in North America and Europe from the 1940s through to the 1970s. 
Colette Mann (born 1950, in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian actress, singer and choreographer who plays Sheila Canning in Neighbours, she remains best known most for playing the role of Doreen Burns (née Anderson) in the Australian series "Prisoner".
Mann has also appeared in "The Flying Doctors" and "Blue Heelers".
She has penned two books and had a column in "New Idea" magazine.
Question: What was the location of Henri Matisse's birth?
About the article "Henri Matisse", section "Early life and education".

Candidate passages:
Le Bateau ("The Boat") is a paper-cut from 1953 by Henri Matisse.
The picture is composed from pieces of paper cut out of sheets painted with gouache, and was created during the last years of Matisse's life. 
Deux fillettes, fond jaune et rouge (Two Girls in a Yellow and Red Interior) (1947), oil on canvas, 61 x 49.8 cm (24 x 19 5/8 inches) is a painting by Henri Matisse in the collection of the Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pennsylvania.
Alfred Barnes became one of Matisse's most important patrons.
In addition to a commissioned mural in 1932 "Dance II, 1932" Barnes acquired many paintings and drawings by Matisse.
Pierre Matisse who was Matisse's son living in New York was instrumental in facilitating Barnes in purchasing works from his father.
During the early-to-mid-1940s Matisse was in poor health.
Eventually by 1950 he stopped painting in favor of his paper cutouts.
This painting in the Barnes collection is an example of one of the final group of oil paintings in Matisse's career. 
Blue Nudes refer to a series of gouaches découpées by Henri Matisse, executed in 1952.
They represent female nudes either seated or standing, and are among Matisse's final works in any medium.
During the early-to-mid-1940s Matisse was in poor health.
Eventually by 1950 he stopped painting in favor of his paper cutouts.
"The Blue Nudes" are a major series' of Matisse's final body of works known as the "cutouts".
The color blue signified distance and volume to Matisse.
Frustrated in his attempts to successfully marry dominant and contrasting tones, the artist was moved to use solid slabs of single color early in his career, a technique that became known as Fauvism.
The painted gouache cut-outs that comprise the "Blue Nudes" were inspired by Matisse's collection of African sculpture and a visit that he made to Tahiti in 1930.
It took another twenty years and a period of incapacity after an operation before Matisse synthesized these influences into this seminal series. 
Game of Bowls is a 1908 painting by the French artist Henri Matisse.
The painting shows three young men, probably Matisse's sons and nephew, playing a game of Boules.
Matisse sees the game as a manifestation of man's creativity, and an instrument to use in understanding the codes of life.
The painting is part of Matisse's series on man's "Golden Age" and was part of Sergei Shchukin's collection before the October Revolution of 1917.
It is now in the collection of The Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia. 
Woman In A Purple Coat or The Purple Coat is a painting by Henri Matisse from 1937.
It depicts Matisse's assistant Lydia Delectorskaya.
This painting is an example of Henri Matisse's mature decorative style.
Matisse depicts his model and companion of many years, Lydia Delectorskaya, in an exotic Moroccan costume, surrounded by a complex of abstract design and exotic color.
This is an example of one of the final groups of oil paintings in Matisse's career, in 1950 he stopped painting oil paintings in favor of creating paper cutouts.
Question: Where were the exteriors above the prison shot in The Dark Knight Rises?
About the article "The Dark Knight Rises", section "Production design".

Candidate passages:
Some of their exteriors were shot in the Costa Brava. 
  Most Anticipated Movie - "The Dark Knight Rises"  
Filming was shot on location in Great Britain.
Exteriors were done in Gwynedd, North Wales and in England around Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire, with the wedding scene being shot at St Albans Cathedral.
Interiors were completed at Pinewood Studios. 
In Christopher Nolan's "The Dark Knight Rises", One Liberty Plaza was depicted as Wayne Tower (home of Wayne Enterprises) in an aerial shot of Gotham City. 
The exteriors of the convent in the episode were shot at Grim's Dyke.