Question: Which government wanted to build a "ring" around Germany?
About the article "World War II", section "Axis advance stalls (1942–43)".

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The first plan to build a motorway ring road around central Stockholm arose in the 1950s.
The recent ring road project in Stockholm has its origin in the Dennis Agreement () from 1992, which was a political agreement (negotiated by the Bank of Sweden governor Bengt Dennis) to build new roads and improve public transport in and around Stockholm.
As the agreement was eventually broken in 1997 due to criticism from environmental groups and the political parties left outside the agreement, the future of a complete ring road became uncertain.
A possibility of a ring road being completed arose in the mid-2000s, as the construction of the northern section resumed during 2006 with preparatory work, the final appeals against construction were rejected on February 26, 2007 by the Supreme Administrative Court, and actual construction of the road resumed on May 11, 2007.
A new feasibility study has been conducted on the eastern section, which is awaiting feedback from the County Administrative Board of Stockholm. 
The Berlin outer ring (, BAR) is a 125 km long double track electrified railway, originally built to bypass West Berlin during the division of Germany.
It was developed by East Germany for economic, transport policy and military reasons between 1951 and 1961 and included parts of some older lines (Outer freight ring, Brandenburg Ring Railway and by-pass lines).
Without the completion of the outer ring it would not have been possible to build the Berlin Wall, sealing off West Berlin, without disrupting East Germany’s transport links.
The Potsdam-Schönefeld Expressway was built for similar reasons.
The term "Outer ring" is used to distinguish the line from the Ring line of inner Berlin. 
As connection to a second fixed link across Øresund between Elsinore and Helsingborg, wanted by the Swedish Government, new a high-speed rail line might be constructed.
Most studies are describing a new transport corridor around Copenhagen ("Ring 5"), while some transport researchers are suggesting a new high-speed rail line between Elsinore and Copenhagen along the current motorway.
The development project Scandinavian 8 Million City has proposed a 360 km/h high speed rail line from Oslo via Gothenburg to Copenhagen, which is supported by the mayors of the three cities. 
Designed by famous astronomer Guo Shoujing in 1276 AD, it solved most problems found in armillary spheres at that time.
The primary structure of abridged armilla contains two large rings that are perpendicular to each other, of which one is parallel with the equatorial plane and is accordingly called "equatorial ring", and the other is a double ring that is perpendicular to the center of the equatorial ring, revolving around a metallic shaft, and is called "right ascension double ring".
The double ring holds within itself a sighting tube with crosshairs.
When observing, astronomers would aim at the star with the sighting tube, whereupon the star's position could be deciphered by observing the dials of the equatorial ring and the right ascension double ring.
A foreign missionary melted the instrument in 1715 AD.
The surviving one was built in 1437 AD and was taken to what is now Germany.
It was then stored in a French Embassy in 1900, during the Eight-Nation Alliance.
Under the pressure of international public discontent, Germany returned the instrument to China.
In 1933, it was placed in Purple Mountain Observatory, which prevented it from being destroyed in the Japanese invasion.
In the 1980s, it had become seriously eroded and rusted down and was nearly destroyed.
In order to restore the device, the Nanjing government spent 11 months to repair it. 
The expression "Gaullist" has also been used in the politics of the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1950s and 1960s.
In the governing Christian Democratic party some wanted to strengthen the ties with the United States, the "Atlantiker" (Atlanticians), others wanted to build up a European counterweight, with the help of France, the Gaullists.
The most notable Gaullist was chancellor Konrad Adenauer, an outstanding "Atlantiker", and his minister of foreign affairs, Gerhard Schröder.
A typical "Atlantiker" was Protestant and believed in free market economy, a typical "Gaullist" was Catholic and tended toward Rhine capitalism with its more regulated markets and state intervention.
A problem to the Gaullists has been that their concept of foreign relationships was based on a strong European integration, which needed support from France.
French president Charles de Gaulle actually was reluctant to give more power to European institutions and advocated instead a less tight "Europe of the nations".
After de Gaulle's retreat in 1969 and the end of Christian Democratic government in Germany the same year, the distinction lost its prominence.
However, Gaullists tended to believe that relations with the United States were more important than Franco-German cooperation.