community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Is marzipan officially defined in the U.S.?
About the article "Marzipan", section "Iberian Peninsula line".

Candidate passages:
Another possible geographic origin is in Spain, then known as Al-Andalus.
In Toledo (850-900, though more probably 1150 during the reign of Alfonso VII) this specialty was known as "Postre Regio" instead of "Mazapán") and there are also mentions in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights of an almond paste eaten during Ramadan and as an aphrodisiac.
Mazapán is Toledo's most famous dessert, often created for Christmas, and has PGI status.
Almonds have to be at least 50% of the total weight, following the directives of "Mazapán de Toledo" regulator counseil.
Another idea to support this line is the important tradition of another Spanish almond-based Christmas confectionery, the turron.
Under EU law, marzipan must have a minimum almond oil content of 14% and a maximum moisture content of 8.5%.
Optional additional ingredients are rosewater, honey, pistachios, preservatives, and sometimes hazelnut.
In the U.S., marzipan is not officially defined, but it is generally made with a higher ratio of sugar to almonds than almond paste.
One brand, for instance, has 28% almonds in its marzipan, and 45% almonds in its almond paste.
However, in Sweden and Finland almond paste refers to a marzipan that contains 50% ground almonds, a much higher quality than regular marzipan.
In Germany, Lübecker Marzipan is known for its quality.
It contains 66% almonds.
The original manually produced Mozartkugeln are made from green pistachio marzipan.
In Latin American cuisine, marzipan is known by the Castillian word of ' and is also traditionally eaten at Christmas, though ' is generally made with peanuts in place of almonds. 
In the Indian state of Goa, the Goan Catholic dish "Mazpon" replaces almonds with cashew nuts.
In the Philippines, "" (Spanish for "pili marzipan") is made from pili nuts. 
In the Middle East, marzipan (known as "lozina", which is derived from the word , the Arabic word for almonds) is flavored with orange-flower water and shaped into roses and other delicate flowers before they are baked.
Marzipan can also be made from oatmeal, farina, or semolina.
In Iran, marzipan fruit is a traditional Passover treat , replacing cookies and cakes.  
Persipan is a similar, yet less expensive product, in which the almonds are replaced by apricot or peach kernels.
Many confectionery products sold as marzipan are made from less expensive materials, such as soy paste and almond essence.
German marzipan is made by grinding whole almonds with sugar and partially drying the paste, and French marzipan (called 'massepain') is made by combining ground almonds with sugar syrup.
Some marzipan is flavored with rosewater.
Spanish marzipan is made without bitter almonds.
Question: Who signed the Treaty of Paris ?
About the article "American Revolution", section "Peace treaty".

Candidate passages:
Edmund Bourke, also "Edmond" or "Edmound Burke" (1761 in Saint Croix – 1821 in Paris) was a Danish diplomat who negotiated and signed the Treaty of Kiel. 
An incomplete series of events which occurred in Italy in 1623:  Treaty of Paris - A treaty signed in France by the Savoys and the Venetians, thus also an Italian treaty.  
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce Between the United States and Sweden, was a treaty signed on April 3, 1783 in Paris, France between the United States and the Kingdom of Sweden.
The treaty established a commercial alliance between these two nations and was signed during the American Revolutionary War. 
Treaty of Paris usually refers to one of many treaties signed in Paris, France.
The Treaty of Paris, also known as Treaty of Meaux, was signed on April 12, 1229 between Raymond VII of Toulouse and Louis IX of France in Meaux near Paris.
Louis was still a minor and it was his mother Blanche of Castile who had been responsible for the treaty.
The agreement officially ended the Albigensian Crusade in which Raymond conceded defeat to Louis IX.
Based on the terms of the treaty, Raymond's daughter Joan was to be married to Louis' brother Alfonso.
Since Joan was Raymond's heir, this meant she and Alfonso would become the rulers of Toulouse on his death.
Moreover, Raymond ceded the eastern provinces of his lands to Louis and the Marquisat de Provence to the Pope.
Question: What's the official language of Sweden?
About the article "Sweden", section "Language".

Candidate passages:
Finnish is one of two official languages of Finland (the other being Swedish, spoken by 5.42% of the population ) and an official language of the European Union.
It enjoys the status of an official minority language in Sweden.
Under the Nordic Language Convention, citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Finnish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable to any interpretation or translation costs. 
The Journal of Official Statistics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes papers related to official statistics.
It is published by Statistics Sweden, the national statistical office of Sweden.
The journal was established in 1985, when it replaced the Swedish language journal "Statistisk Tidskrift" (Statistical Review).
It publishes four issues each year. 
  The Borderland (official site)  
Data according to Statistics Sweden, which collects the official statistics for Sweden. 
Lule Sami "(julevsámegiella)" is a Uralic, Sami language spoken in Lule Lappmark, i.e., around the Lule River, Sweden and in the northern parts of Nordland county in Norway, especially Tysfjord municipality, where Lule Sami is an official language.
It is written in the Latin script, having an official alphabet.
Question: How many award nominations did Katy Perry receive for the music video "Wide Awake"?
About the article "Wide Awake (Katy Perry song)", section "Release and reception".

Candidate passages:
The MTV Video Music Brazil (often known as VMB) are MTV Brasil's annual award ceremony.
Katy Perry has received five nominations 
BMI Pop Music Awards 2013 ("Part of Me" Katy Perry) 2013 ("Wide Awake" Katy Perry) 2013 ("Hold It Against Me" Britney Spears) 2012 ("Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"
Katy Perry) 2012 ("Teenage Dream" Katy Perry) 2012 ("Dynamite" Taio Cruz) 2011 (“Dynamite” Taio Cruz) 2011 (“California Gurls," Katy Perry) Grammy Awards 2014 Nominated: Song of the Year (songwriter) - "Roar" performed by Katy Perry  
  Drake (featuring Rihanna) — "Take Care"  Gotye (featuring Kimbra) — "Somebody That I Used to Know"  M.I.A.
— "Bad Girls"  Katy Perry — "Wide Awake"  
 Lady Gaga — "Marry the Night" Katy Perry — "Wide Awake" M.I.A.
— "Bad Girls" Rihanna (featuring Calvin Harris) — "We Found Love" PSY — "Gangnam Style"  
The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards.
Katy Perry has won one award from four nominations.
Question: When was coffee first referenced in English?
About the article "Coffee", section "Etymology".

Candidate passages:
Coffee is a brownish color that is a representation of the color of an unroasted coffee bean.
Different types of coffee beans have different colors when unroasted--the color coffee represents an average.
The first recorded use of "coffee" as a color name in English was in 1695.
The source of the color displayed at right is the ISCC-NBS Color List (see Page C, coffee, color sample #58).  
Trish Rothgeb (formerly Skeie) of Wrecking Ball Coffee Roasters first wrote about the Third Wave of Coffee in a November 2002 article of The Flamekeeper, a newsletter of the Roaster's Guild, a trade guild of the Specialty Coffee Association of America.
Nicholas Cho of Murky Coffee further defined the Third Wave of Coffee in an often-referenced online article and earlier in his interview in March 2005 on National Public Radio's "All Things Considered" program.
More recently, the third wave of coffee has been chronicled by publications such as "The New York Times", "LA Weekly", "Los Angeles Times", "La Opinión" and "The Guardian".
In March 2008, Pulitzer Prize winning food critic Jonathan Gold of the "LA Weekly" defined the third wave of coffee by saying:The earlier term "specialty coffee" was coined in 1974, and refers narrowly to high-quality beans scoring 80 points or more on a 100-point scale. 
 The guys hanging out in a coffee shop as opposed to a bar is a reference to Friends, where they spend time in a coffee shop.
The show Cheers is referenced twice, first when Barney walks in and the entire bar yells his name welcomingly, and the credits in a yellow font.
Both those ideas came from Cheers.
Chloe is said to like Billy Joel, and recited every single lyric to We Didn't Start The Fire   
  The coffee pot is spoofed in the video game "".
In the "Graveyard Shift" mission the player can cause a much-needed distraction by destroying a "coffee camera" in the kitchen.
The coffee pot is referenced in the protocol specification for the Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol, proposed in the April Fools' Day RFC 2324.
The coffee pot was mentioned on the BBC Radio 4 drama "The Archers" on February 24, 2005.  
"The Hilarious House of Frightenstein" was referenced in the first episode of the Ed the Sock program "This Movie Sucks!
", which is another program produced and broadcast by CHCH.
In the episode the hosts refer to them being in a studio that has produced many classic television shows, and Ed comments that they have the coffee maker from "The Hilarious House of Frightenstein", along with the original coffee.
Question: How many times did N1 get tested?
About the article "Space Race", section "Soviet Moon program".

Candidate passages:
Questions with "who, what, how many, which, when" are constructed as direct relative clauses.
"When did it happen?"
"Who did it?"
"What did you get?"
"How many miles did you walk?"
"Which is more expensive, meat or fish?"
Director Nicolas Winding Refn commented on the ending within several interviews:In an interview with "BBC": "Harry’s impossible quest raises questions, but it all adds to the brave elliptical nature of this film.
So did Refn ever get to the bottom of those questions in his own mind?
"I can’t answer that," he says bluntly.
"It depends on how I feel that day.
And of course that pisses off a lot of people because they’re not used to a film without an ending.
But what the f**k is an ending, you know?"
In an interview with "IndieWire": "Fear X" is about idealists and when they're confronted with reality, a lot of the time their ideals are tested and turned and they're no longer what they thought they would be..." "You can view it in many different ways... it's so up to your own interpretation."'
"How were we going to end this, without giving anything away, without making it too obvious, because the minute the audience's mind begins to work, you're on very dangerous ground.
Because if you tell them too much, they're disappointed and if you don't give them any clues, they get confused.
So it's that fine line of giving the audience as they walk out, okay, I believe it's this or I believe it's that.
We never gave more in the script."
Actor John Turturro also commented on the ending within an interview with "Channel 4": "I liked it because the idea of the story was about a simple man thrust into this overwhelming, debilitating circumstance, and he never really finds out what happens... Nicholas doesn't have all the answers to what he's trying to do.
A lot of times these guys, their biggest problem is solving the script, but Nicholas seems to be a filmmaker who likes to throw the script away."
Lutes also contributed unit portraits for the open-source video game Battle for Wesnoth, and illustrations for the New York Times article "How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?"
by Paul Krugman. 
 "How Did You Get There?"
(Southern Records, 1997)  
 '"How Did I Get Here?"
(December 1999)
Question: What tiltle was Moscow awarded in 1965 in commemoration of the Battle of Stalingard?
About the article "Battle of Moscow", section "Aftermath".

Candidate passages:
The Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow" is awarded to participants in the defence of Moscow who were awarded a medal for the defence of Moscow, wartime workers who worked in Moscow during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, persons who were awarded the Soviet Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow"; citizens who have made a significant contribution to the development of the city of Moscow.
Presidential Decree 1099 of September 7, 2010 removed the Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow" from the list of state awards of the Russian Federation.
It is no longer awarded. 
He was awarded the medal "for military cooperation", the medal "In commemoration of the 850th anniversary of Moscow", the other state and public awards and awards from foreign countries.
He has Russian FSB commendations. 
Honored Worker of Science and Technology of RSFSR (1963).
He was awarded Order of Lenin, Order of the Badge of Honour, Medal "For the Defence of Moscow", Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" and Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow". 
  Government of Tamil Nadu has conferred on him the tiltle Suttru Suzhal Sevai Veerar Award.  
He was awarded the Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg".
Question: What is the estimated number of overall levels of charitable giving in England?
About the article "Dissolution of the Monasteries", section "Health and education".

Candidate passages:
The Act of 1539 also provided for the suppression of religious hospitals; which had constituted in England a distinct class of institution, endowed for the purpose of caring for older people.
A very few of these, such as Saint Bartholomew's Hospital in London, were excepted by special royal dispensation, but most closed, their residents being discharged with small pensions.
Monasteries had also supplied free food and alms for the poor and destitute, and it has been argued that the removal of this and other charitable resources, amounting to about 5% of net monastic income, was one of the factors in the creation of the army of "sturdy beggars" that plagued late Tudor England, causing the social instability that led to the Edwardian and Elizabethan Poor Laws.
Monasteries had necessarily undertaken schooling for their novice members, which in the later medieval period had tended to extend to cover choristers and sometimes other younger scholars; and all this educational resource was lost with their dissolution.
By contrast, where monasteries had provided grammar schools for older scholars, these were commonly refounded with enhanced endowments; some by royal command in connection to the newly re-established cathedral churches, others by private initiative.
Monastic orders had maintained, for the education of their members, six colleges at the universities of Oxford or Cambridge; of which five survived as refoundations.
Hospitals too were frequently to be re-endowed by private benefactors; and many new almshouses and charities were to be founded by the Elizabethan gentry and professional classes.
Nevertheless, it has been estimated that only in 1580 did overall levels of charitable giving in England return to those before the dissolution.
On the eve of the overthrow, the various monasteries owned approximately 2,000,000 acres (just under 8 100 km²), over 16 percent of England, with tens of thousands of tenant farmers working those lands; some of whom had family ties to a particular monastery going back many generations.
Greenridge Capital is not affiliated with any charitable projects or religious groups, however it has a charitable reputation because it, by chance, happens to have a large number of shareholders who are philanthropists.
The fund is known to invest somewhat selectively in part to shareholders' socially responsible ideals. 
Effective giving is the practice of making charitable contributions with the intention of maximizing social good. 
Started in 2002, the 1899 Society recognizes certain donors who show a commitment to Delta Sigma Phi through generous annual or lifetime charitable giving.
There are various levels of membership as described on the website. 
The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Charitable Trust is the charity partner of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.
It was established in 1958 and is registered with the Charity Commission of England and Wales (number 230886).
Question: Matthew McConaughey stars as what real-life AIDS patient in the movie Dallas Buyers Club?
About the article "Dallas Buyers Club", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film, directed by Jean-Marc Vallée and written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack.
Matthew McConaughey stars as the real-life AIDS patient Ron Woodroof, who smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas when he found them effective at improving his symptoms, distributing them to fellow sufferers by establishing the "Dallas Buyers Club" while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
"Dallas Buyers Club" premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on November 1, 2013, entering wide release on November 22.
The film received acclaim from critics, and won numerous accolades – most recognizing the performances of McConaughey and Jared Leto, including the Academy Award for Best Actor and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, making it the first film since "Mystic River" (2003) to win both awards.
It also won Best Makeup and Hairstyling at the 86th Academy Awards, and received a nomination for Best Picture.
it grossed over $32 million in box office revenue against a budget of $5 million.
 Matthew McConaughey — "Dallas Buyers Club"  
  Christian Bale – "American Hustle"  Elizabeth Banks – ""  Jared Leto – "Dallas Buyers Club"  Matthew McConaughey – "Dallas Buyers Club"  Orlando Bloom – ""  
Vallée's next film starred Matthew McConaughey, Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner, titled "Dallas Buyers Club".
The film is based on the true-life tale of Ron Woodroof, a Texas electrician diagnosed with AIDS and given 30 days to live, who began smuggling alternative medicine into the United States to help himself and other AIDS patients.
The film was released in 2013 to critical success, earning Matthew McConaughey the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and Jared Leto a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor.
The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay, and conquered the awards for Best Actor for McConaughey, and Best Supporting Actor for Leto, repeating the Golden Globes.
Vallée was nominated under the pseudonym of John Mac McMurphy for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing alongside Martin Pensa. 
  Bradley Cooper – "American Hustle"  Chiwetel Ejiofor – "12 Years a Slave"  Josh Hutcherson – ""  Leonardo DiCaprio – "The Wolf of Wall Street"  Matthew McConaughey – "Dallas Buyers Club"
Question: What year was the painting The Night Watch vandalized?
About the article "The Night Watch", section "Acts of vandalism".

Candidate passages:
On June 13, 2012, the painting was vandalized while on display at the Menil gallery by a 22-year old man named Uriel Landeros (who would later get his own art show for vandalizing the painting). 
Rembrandt's "Night Watch" (1642) is one of the most popular paintings at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
It is viewed by about 4,000 to 5,000 visitors daily with its value estimated at $925,000 in the 1970s.
The painting was vandalized on several occasions.
On 13 January 1911, an unemployed navy cook tried to cut it with a knife, but could not cut through the thick varnish on the painting.
In 1975, William de Rijk, an unemployed school teacher, cut dozens of zigzag lines in the painting with a knife before he was wrestled by the guards.
The day before, de Rijk had been turned away from the museum because he arrived after closing time.
After the event, he was identified with a mental disorder; he was sent to a psychiatric hospital and committed suicide there on 21 April 1976.
The painting was restored, but traces of the cuts still remain.
In 1990, a man threw acid on the painting.
The guards managed to quickly dilute it with water so that it penetrated only the varnish layer, and the painting was restored again. 
The Spear is a painting by Cape Town-based South African artist, Brett Murray.
It depicts South African President Jacob Zuma in a pose reminiscent of Lenin, with his genitals exposed.
The painting triggered a defamation lawsuit by Zuma's party, the African National Congress (ANC), and was vandalized on 22 May 2012. 
Like the covers of many King Crimson albums, "The Night Watch"'s cover features a painting by P J Crook, which is also entitled "The Nightwatch".
The sleeve was designed by the Bill Smith Studio of London. 
Night Watch or Nightwatch may refer to:  Watchman (law enforcement), a lookout, guard or patrol at night  "The Night Watch", the popular name of Rembrandt van Rijn's painting "Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch"
Question: How old was the pilot crashed on Stone Mountain on September 16, 2003?
About the article "Stone Mountain", section "Aviation accidents".

Candidate passages:
According to George Weiblen's annotated calendar for Monday, May 7, 1928: "Mail plane crashed on mountain at 8:00 P.M."Around dusk on September 16, 2003, in clear weather, a small airplane circled the mountain five times, then crashed headlong into the south side, burst into flames and killed the pilot.
A witness testifying at the NTSB investigation stated that the pilot, a 69-year-old accountant, had threatened on multiple occasions to commit suicide by flying into the mountain.
The official NTSB accident report lists the probable cause as "The pilot's intentional flight into the ground for the purpose of suicide while impaired by alcohol."
  On June 9, 1973 William Penn Patrick (43) a certified pilot, and his passenger, Christian Hagert, died when Patrick's privately owned P-51 Mustang crashed in Lakeport, California.
On September 16, 2011 "The Galloping Ghost", a modified P-51 piloted by Jimmy Leeward of Ocala, Florida, crashed during an air race in Reno, Nevada.
Leeward and at least nine people on the ground were killed when the racer suddenly crashed near the edge of the grandstand.
On October 23, 2013, "Galveston Gal," P-51D no.
44-73458 N4151D, piloted by 51-year-old pilot Keith Hibbett of Denton accompanied by his 66-year-old passenger John Stephen Busby, who was visiting from the United Kingdom, were killed when the aircraft crashed in about four feet of water off the coast of Galveston, Texas.
Busby was celebrating his 41st wedding anniversary.
see also http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2013/1024/WWII-plane-crash-P-51-flight-was-anniversary-gift  
One F-16 was lost on 27 September 2003 when it crashed in the Persian Gulf, north of Bahrain. 
  September 15 – Gunfighter Skies Air Show (Mountain Home, Idaho) – Pilot error was blamed for the crash of a US Air Force Thunderbirds F-16C.
The official report states that the pilot "misinterpreted the altitude required to complete the "Split S" maneuver".
The pilot successfully ejected and suffered minor injuries.
No other injuries were reported.
July 12 – Flying Legends Air Show (Duxford, Cambridgeshire, England) – Lieutenant Commander Bill Murton and Neil Rix were killed when the Fairey Firefly they were in went into a nosedive and never recovered.
The plane crashed on the eastern side of the M11 motorway.
May 31 – Coventry Classic Airshow (Coventry, West Midlands, England) – Swedish pilot Pierre Holländer was killed when his homebuilt replica of Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis aircraft crashed.
The right hand wing of the plane broke up at an approximate altitude of 100 feet.  
UM Airlines Flight 4230 was a chartered Yakovlev Yak-42 which crashed on 26 May 2003 near Maçka, Turkey.
All 13 crew and 62 passengers were killed in the crash.
It remains the third-worst crash in Turkish aviation history.
The aircraft was carrying Spanish peacekeeping troops back from Afghanistan.
It crashed in fog into a mountain after the pilot attempted to land to refuel.