Question: What are some examples of fine works of Western architecture that can be found in Italy?
About the article "Italy", section "Architecture".

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Egypt, Greece and Rome.
"Also see Ancient art"Ancient Egypt, a civilization with strong traditions of architecture and sculpture (both originally painted in bright colours), had many mural paintings in temples and buildings, and painted illustrations on papyrus manuscripts.
Egyptian wall painting and decorative painting is often graphic, sometimes more symbolic than realistic.
Egyptian painting depicts figures in bold outline and flat silhouette, in which symmetry is a constant characteristic.
Egyptian painting has close connection with its written language—called Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Painted symbols are found amongst the first forms of written language.
The Egyptians also painted on linen, remnants of which survive today.
Ancient Egyptian paintings survived due to the extremely dry climate.
The ancient Egyptians created paintings to make the afterlife of the deceased a pleasant place.
The themes included journey through the afterworld or their protective deities introducing the deceased to the gods of the underworld.
Some examples of such paintings are paintings of the gods and goddesses Ra, Horus, Anubis, Nut, Osiris and Isis.
Some tomb paintings show activities that the deceased were involved in when they were alive and wished to carry on doing for eternity.
In the New Kingdom and later, the Book of the Dead was buried with the entombed person.
It was considered important for an introduction to the afterlife.
To the north of Egypt was the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete.
The wall paintings found in the palace of Knossos are similar to those of the Egyptians but much more free in style.
Around 1100 BC, tribes from the north of Greece conquered Greece and its art took a new direction.
The culture of Ancient Greece is noteworthy for its outstanding contributions to the visual arts.
Painting on pottery of Ancient Greece and ceramics gives a particularly informative glimpse into the way society in Ancient Greece functioned.
Many fine examples of Black-figure vase painting and Red-figure vase painting still exist.
Some famous Greek painters who worked on wood panels and are mentioned in texts are Apelles, Zeuxis and Parrhasius; however, with the single exception of the Pitsa panels, no examples of Ancient Greek panel painting survive, only written descriptions by their contemporaries or later Romans.
Zeuxis lived in the 5th century BC and was said to be the first to use sfumato.
According to Pliny the Elder, the realism of his paintings was such that birds tried to eat the painted grapes.
Apelles is described as the greatest painter of antiquity, and is noted for perfect technique in drawing, brilliant color, and modeling.
Roman art was influenced by Greece and can in part be taken as descendant from Ancient Greek painting.
However, Roman painting does have important unique characteristics.
Almost all surviving Roman works are wall paintings, many from villas in Campania, in Southern Italy.
Such painting can be grouped into four main "styles" or periods and may contain the first examples of trompe-l'oeil, pseudo-perspective, and pure landscape.
Almost the only painted portraits surviving from the Ancient world are a large number of Mummy Portraits of bust form found in the Late Antique cemetery of Al-Fayum.
Although these were neither of the best period nor the highest quality, they are impressive in themselves, and suggest the quality of the finest ancient work.
A very small number of miniatures from Late Antique illustrated books also survive, as well as a rather larger number of copies of them from the Early Medieval period. 
North-Western Italian architecture is usually quite big and bulky, contrasted to the Renaissance and medieval cityscapes in Central Italy, Venetian-style villas and towns in North-Eastern Italy, and cluttered Spanish-style architecture in Southern Italy.
Buildings in North-Western Italy are often built with solid bricks, due to the strong climates in this area (bitterly cold winters, often accompanied by snowfalls, and hot, humid summers, usually bringing with itself stormy showers).
North-Western Italy is not usually identifiable by a particular style; the Aosta Valley and Piedmont tend to be more French in essence, Lombardy is a mixture of Central Italian (Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany), French, Spanish and Austrian styles, whilst Liguria is highly unusual, with its brightly painted houses.
The area is full with medieval castles, including some very notable early ones in the Aosta Valley and Piedmont, and Renaissance ones in Lombardy.
The North-West is also the hub of modern and contemporary Italian architecture - Milan and Turin were and still are the capitals of Italian modernist and industrial design, and such examples can be seen in buildings such as the Torre Velasca and the Pirelli Tower in Milan and the Lingotto building in Turin. 
Georgian architecture has been influenced by many civilizations.
There are several different architectural styles for castles, towers, fortifications and churches.
The Upper Svaneti fortifications, and the castle town of Shatili in Khevsureti, are some of the finest examples of medieval Georgian castle architecture.
Other architectural aspects of Georgia include Rustaveli avenue in Tbilisi in the Hausmann style, and the Old Town District.
Georgian ecclesiastic art is one of the most notable aspects of Georgian Christian architecture, which combines classical dome style with original basilica style forming what is known as the Georgian cross-dome style.
Cross-dome architecture developed in Georgia during the 9th century; before that, most Georgian churches were basilicas.
Other examples of Georgian ecclesiastic architecture can be found outside Georgia: Bachkovo Monastery in Bulgaria (built in 1083 by the Georgian military commander Grigorii Bakuriani), Iviron monastery in Greece (built by Georgians in the 10th century), and the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem (built by Georgians in the 9th century).
The art of Georgia spans the prehistoric, the ancient Greek, Roman, medieval, ecclesiastic, iconic and modern visual arts.
One of the most famous late 19th/early 20th century Georgian artists is a primitivist painter Niko Pirosmani. 
A diner is a prefabricated restaurant building characteristic of American life, especially in the Midwest, in New York City, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and in other areas of the Northeastern United States, although examples can be found throughout the United States, Canada and parts of Western Europe.
Some people apply the term not only to the prefabricated structures, but also to restaurants that serve cuisine similar to traditional diner cuisine even if they are located in more traditional types of buildings.
Diners are characterized by offering a wide range of foods, mostly American, a casual atmosphere, a counter, and late operating hours.
"Classic American Diners" are often characterized by an exterior layer of stainless steel—a feature unique to diner architecture. 
Ukrainian architecture is a term that describes the motifs and styles that are found in structures built in modern Ukraine, and by Ukrainians worldwide.
These include initial roots which were established in the Eastern Slavic state of Kievan Rus'.
After the 12th century, the distinct architectural history continued in the principalities of Galicia-Volhynia.
During the epoch of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, a new style unique to Ukraine was developed under the western influences of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
After the union with the Tsardom of Russia, architecture in Ukraine began to develop in different directions, with many structures in the larger eastern, Russian-ruled area built in the styles of Russian architecture of that period, whilst the western Galicia was developed under Austro-Hungarian architectural influences, in both cases producing fine examples.
Ukrainian national motifs would finally be used during the period of the Soviet Union and in modern independent Ukraine.
The great churches of the Rus', built after the adoption of Christianity in 988, were the first examples of monumental architecture in the East Slavic lands.
The architectural style of the Kievan state, which quickly established itself, was strongly influenced by the Byzantine.
Early Eastern Orthodox churches were mainly made of wood, with the simplest form of church becoming known as a cell church.
Major cathedrals often featured scores of small domes, which led some art historians to take this as an indication of the appearance of pre-Christian pagan Slavic temples.
Several examples of these churches survive to this day; however, during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, many were externally rebuilt in the Ukrainian Baroque style (see below).
Examples include the grand St. Sophia of Kiev – the year 1017 is the earliest record of foundation laid, Church of the Saviour at Berestove – built from 1113 to 1125 and St. Cyril's Church, circa 12th century.
All can still be found in the Ukrainian capital.
Several buildings were reconstructed during the late-19th century, including the Assumption Cathedral in Volodymyr-Volynskyi, built in 1160 and reconstructed in 1896–1900, the Paraskevi church in Chernihiv, built in 1201 with reconstruction done in the late 1940s, and the Golden gates in Kiev, built in 1037 and reconstructed in 1982.
The latter's reconstruction was criticised by some art and architecture historians as a revivalist fantasy.
Unfortunately little secular or vernacular architecture of Kievan Rus' has survived.
As Ukraine became increasingly integrated into the Russian Empire, Russian architects had the opportunity to realise their projects in the picturesque landscape that many Ukrainian cities and regions offered.
St. Andrew's Church of Kiev (1747–1754), built by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, is a notable example of Baroque architecture, and its location on top of the Kievan mountain made it a recognisable monument of the city.
An equally notable contribution of Rasetrelli was the Mariyinsky Palace, which was built to be a summer residence to Russian Empress Elizabeth.
During the reign of the last Hetman of Ukraine, Kirill Razumovsky, many of the Cossack Hetmanate's towns such as Hlukhiv, Baturyn and Koselets had grandiose projects built by the appointed "architect of Little Russia," Andrey Kvasov.
Russia, winning successive wars over the Ottoman Empire and its vassal Crimean Khanate, eventually annexed the whole south of Ukraine and Crimea.
Renamed New Russia, these lands were to be colonised, and new cities such as the Nikolayev, Odessa, Kherson and Sevastopol were founded.
These would contain notable examples of Imperial Russian architecture.
In 1934, the capital of Soviet Ukraine moved from Kharkiv to Kiev.
During the preceding years, the city was seen as only a regional centre, and hence received little attention.
All of that was to change, but at a great price.
By this point, the first examples of Stalinist architecture were already showing, and, in light of the official policy, a new city was to be built on top of the old one.
This meant that much-admired examples such as the St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery were destroyed.
Even the St. Sophia Cathedral was under threat.
Also, the Second World War contributed to the wreckage.
After the war, a new project for the reconstruction of central Kiev was unveiled.
This transformed the Khreshchatyk avenue into one of the most notable examples of Stalinism in Architecture.
However, by 1955, the new politics of architecture once again promptly stopped the project from fully being realised.
The task for modern Ukrainian architecture is diverse application of modern aesthetics, the search for an architect's own artistic style and inclusion of the existing historico-cultural environment.
An example of modern Ukrainian architecture is the reconstruction and renewal of the Maidan Nezalezhnosti in central Kiev, despite the limit set by narrow space within the plaza, the engineers were able to blend together the uneven landscape and also use underground space to set a new shopping centre.
A major project, which may take up most of the 21st century, is the construction of the Kiev City-Centre on the Rybalskyi Peninsula, which, when finished, will include a dense skyscraper park amid the picturesque landscape of the Dnieper.