Question: What touches on national identity and notions of pride, honor, and shame?
About the article "Nanking Massacre", section "Japan".

Candidate passages:
In Japan, the Nanking Massacre touches upon national identity and notions of "pride, honor and shame."
Yoshida argues that "Nanking crystallizes a much larger conflict over what should constitute the ideal perception of the nation: Japan, as a nation, acknowledges its past and apologizes for its wartime wrongdoings; or .
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stands firm against foreign pressures and teaches Japanese youth about the benevolent and courageous martyrs who fought a just war to save Asia from Western aggression."
Recognizing the Nanking Massacre as such can be viewed in some circles in Japan as "Japan bashing" (in the case of foreigners) or "self-flagellation" (in the case of Japanese).
The majority of Japanese acknowledge that Japanese troops committed atrocities during the Nanking Massacre.
Some Japanese officials and writers have openly denied the incident, claiming it to be propaganda designed to spark an anti-Japan movement.
In many ways, how "atrocious" the massacre was is the touchstone of left/right divide in Japan; i.e., leftists feel this is a defining moment of the Imperial Japanese Army; rightists believe Perry's opening of Japan and the atomic bombings are far more significant events.
In Japan, interpretation of the Nanking Massacre is a reflection upon the Japanese national identity and notions of "pride, honor and shame."
Takashi Yoshida describes the Japanese debate over the Nanjing Incident as "crystalliz a much larger conflict over what should constitute the ideal perception of the nation: Japan, as a nation, acknowledges its past and apologizes for its wartime wrongdoings; or... stands firm against foreign pressures and teaches Japanese youth about the benevolent and courageous martyrs who fought a just war to save Asia from Western aggression."
In some nationalist circles in Japan, speaking of a large-scale massacre at Nanjing is regarded as Japan bashing' (in the case of foreigners) or 'self-flagellation' (in the case of Japanese)."
"Gay pride" refers to a world wide movement and philosophy asserting that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity.
LGBT pride advocates work for equal "rights and benefits" for LGBT people.
The movement has three main premises: that people should be proud of their sexual preference and gender identity, that sexual diversity is a gift, and that sexual orientation and gender identity are inherent and cannot be intentionally altered.
The word "pride" is used in this case an antonym for "shame".
"Pride" in this sense is an affirmation of ones self and the community as a whole.
The modern "gay pride" movement began after the Stonewall riots of the late 1960s. 
Contrastingly in other Asian cultures, especially for families in the Far East, family honor depends on other factors such as education.
Academic success of a student is seen as a source of pride and honor for the Asian family.
Therefore both the Asian student and the parents work hard to avoid academic failure which brings shame to the family.
In the past, honor in East Asia was also linked to success in the battlefield.
In Japan, for example, ritualized suicide practices such as harakiri were committed by Japanese Samurai for centuries in the event of a defeat in battle.
Instead of being captured or living with the shame of defeat, harakiri was committed in order to preserve the honor of their families. 
  Genuine shame: is associated with genuine dishonor, disgrace, or condemnation.
False shame: is associated with false condemnation as in the double-bind form of false shaming; "he brought what we did to him upon himself".
Author and TV personality John Bradshaw calls shame the "emotion that lets us know we are finite".
Secret shame: describes the idea of being ashamed to be ashamed, so causing ashamed people to keep their shame a secret.
Toxic shame: describes false, pathological shame, and Bradshaw states that toxic shame is induced, inside children, by all forms of child abuse.
Incest and other forms of child sexual abuse can cause particularly severe toxic shame.
Toxic shame often induces what is known as "complex" trauma in children who cannot cope with toxic shaming as it occurs and who dissociate the shame until it is possible to cope with.
Vicarious shame: refers to the experience of shame on behalf of another person.
Individuals vary in their tendency to experience vicarious shame, which is related to neuroticism and to the tendency to experience personal shame.
Extremely shame-prone people might even experience vicarious shame even to an increased degree, in other words: shame on behalf of another person who is already feeling shame on behalf of a third party (or possibly on behalf of the individual proper).