Question: For an offence by a defender in the circle which does not prevent the probable scoring of a score?
About the article "Field hockey", section "Penalty corner".

Candidate passages:
The short or penalty corner is awarded: 
 for an offence by a defender in the circle which does not prevent the probable scoring of a goal
 for an intentional offence in the circle by a defender against an opponent who does not have possession of the ball or an opportunity to play the ball
 for an intentional offence by a defender outside the circle but within the 23-metre area they are defending
 for intentionally playing the ball over the back-line by a defender
 when the ball becomes lodged in a player's clothing or equipment while in the circle they are defending
Short corners begin with five defenders (usually including the keeper) positioned behind the back line and at least 5 m from the 'insert' position of the ball.
All other players in the defending team must be beyond the centre line, that is not in their 'own' half of the pitch, until the ball is in play.
Attacking players begin the play standing outside the scoring circle, except for one attacker who starts the corner by playing the ball from a mark 10 m either side of the goal (the circle has a 14.63 m radius).
This player puts the ball into play by pushing or hitting the ball to the other attackers outside the circle; the ball must pass outside the circle and then put back into the circle before the attackers may make a shot at the goal from which a goal can be scored.
FIH rules do not forbid a shot at goal before the ball leaves the circle after being 'inserted', nor is a shot at the goal from outside the circle prohibited, but a goal cannot be scored at all if the ball has not gone out of the circle and cannot be scored from a shot from outside the circle if it is not again played by an attacking player before it enters the goal.
For safety reasons, the first shot of a penalty corner must not exceed 460 mm high (the height of the "backboard" of the goal) at the point it crosses the goal line if it is hit.
However, if the ball is deemed to be below backboard height, the ball can be subsequently deflected above this height by another player (defender or attacker), providing that this deflection does not lead to danger.
Note that the "Slap" stroke (a sweeping motion towards the ball, where the stick is kept on or close to the ground when striking the ball) is classed as a hit, and so the first shot at goal must be below backboard height for this type of shot also.
If the first shot at goal in a short corner situation is a push, flick or scoop, in particular the "drag flick" (which has become popular at international and national league standards), the shot is permitted to rise above the height of the backboard, as long as the shot is not deemed dangerous to any opponent.
This form of shooting was developed because it is not height restricted in the same way as the first hit shot at the goal and players with good technique are able to drag-flick with as much power as many others can hit a ball.
A penalty corner is awarded when:  a defending player (i.e.
a player on the team without possession of the ball) commits an offence in their shooting circle which does not prevent the probable scoring of a goal  a defending player commits an intentional offence in their shooting circle against an opponent who does not have possession of the ball or an opportunity to play the ball  a defending player commits an intentional offence outside the circle but within the 23-metre (25-yard) area they are defending  a defending player, other than a goalkeeper, intentionally plays the ball over the back-line by a defender (if a goalkeeper deflects the ball over the back line intentionally, a long corner is awarded to the attacking team)  the ball becomes lodged in a player's clothing or equipment while in the circle they are defending.
An umpire signals a penalty corner by pointing both arms horizontally towards the respective goal.
When a penalty corner is awarded, a maximum of five defending players (including the goalkeeper) line up behind the back line either in the goal or within 5 metres of the nearest goal post.
All other players on the defending team must be behind the centre line.
One attacking player places themselves on the back line with the ball, 10 metres from the nearest goal post on either side of the goal.
The remainder of the attacking team players place themselves on the field outside of the shooting circle.
All players other than the attacking player on the back line must not have any part of their body or stick touch the ground inside the circle or over the centre line until the ball is in play.
The attacking player on the back line is allowed one foot within the circle, but the other foot must remain behind the back line.
If any player enters the circle or crosses the centre line prematurely, or the attacking player on the back line does not have one foot outside the circle, the penalty corner is reset and taken again.
When the attacking player on the back line pushes the ball into play, the players may then enter the shooting circle or cross the centre line.
Before a shot on goal can be taken, the ball must first travel outside the circle.
In a typical penalty corner, the attacking player on the back line will push the ball to a player at the top of the circle who will stop the ball just outside the circle.
Another player will take the stopped ball and push or drag it back into the circle before attempting to shoot at goal (as per normal rules, the ball must be last played by an attacking player within the shooting circle for a goal to count).
If the first attempt at goal in a penalty corner is hit, as opposed to a flick, scoop or push, the ball must be no higher than the backboard in the goal () when it crosses the goal line, for the goal to count.
If the ball raises above 460 mm in its flight, provided it does not constitute dangerous play and drops below 460 mm under its own accord (i.e.
with no interference from the goalkeeper or defenders) before crossing the goal line it is still counted as a goal.
Flicks, scoops, pushes, and hits on second and subsequent attempts at goal may cross the goal line over 460 mm, provided it does not constitute dangerous play.
The penalty corner ends when a goal is scored, the ball is played over the back line and another penalty corner is not awarded, a penalty stroke is awarded, the defending team is awarded a free hit, or the ball travels more than 5 metres outside the circle (i.e.
beyond the dotted line outside the shooting circle).
If the penalty corner was awarded on half or full time, then the ball only has to travel outside the circle for the second time for the penalty corner (and the half) to end. 
Defence players are often described by the amount they participate in the offence.
The extreme of non-participation in offence is a "Stay-at-home" defender, who takes few risks and does not score much, instead focusing on defending against the opposing team.
A good example is Rod Langway, who won the Norris Trophy while scoring only 3 goals that season, as the award winners preceding him were primarily offensive defencemen such as Bobby Orr, Denis Potvin, and Larry Robinson.
The extreme of participation is an "offensive defenceman", who gets aggressively involved in the team's offence.
To accomplish this, the offensive defence player often pinches in to keep the play from going offside and moves towards the halfboards and high-slot area for scoring opportunities.
This makes it difficult for the opposing team to protect their net from being scored upon if the team can maintain control of the puck.
However, this can lead to more odd man rushes and breakaway opportunities for the opposing team if the defender does not succeed.
Bobby Orr's end-to-end rushing allowed him to defend effectively as well as attack.
By contrast, Paul Coffey enjoyed high offensive production but his defensive play was considered mediocre for most of his career. 
Abetment 107 - Abetment of a thing 108 - Abettor, 108A - Abetment in India of offences outside India 109 - Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishment 110 - Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor 111 - Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done 112 - Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act doness 113 - Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor 114 - Abettor present when offence is committed 115 - Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life-if offence not committed 116 - Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment-if offence be not committed 117 - Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons 118 - Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life 119 - Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent 120 - Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment, 120A - Definition of criminal conspiracy, 120B - Punishment of criminal conspiracy  
Some legal protection exists to those making a citizen's arrest as provided in the Crimes Act 1961 in that there may be justification or protection from criminal responsibility.
Justification of the arrest ensures the arresting person is not guilty of an offence and are not liable to any civil proceeding.
Protection from criminal responsibility means those who make the arrest are not liable to any criminal proceedings.
They are however liable for civil proceedings.
The legislation is carefully worded and only applies to offences covered in the Crimes Act 1961, not other offences such as those covered in the Summary Offences Act 1981.
Specifically, the Crimes Act 1961 states that everyone (not just New Zealand citizens) is justified in arresting without warrant:  Any person found committing any offence against this Act which the maximum punishment is not less than 3 years' imprisonment; or  Any person found at night (9pm till 6am) committing any offence against this Act.
Other situations where members of the public are protected from criminal responsibility when involved in arresting where:  They have been asked by a police officer to help arrest any person believed or suspected to have committed any offence unless they know that there is no reasonable ground for the belief or suspicion.
They witness a breach of the peace, and therefore are justified in interfering to prevent its continuance or renewal, and may detain any person committing it, in order to hand them over to a Police Officer provided that the person interfering does not use more force than is reasonably necessary to prevent the continuance or renewal of the breach of the peace, or than is reasonably proportionate to the danger to be apprehended from its continuance or renewal.
Similar legislation applies to suppressions of riots by members of the public.
They believe, on reasonable and probable grounds, someone has committed an offence against the Crimes Act 1961 and is fleeing and is being pursued by any one they believe can arrest that person for the offence (such as a police officer).
This applies whether or not the offence has in fact been committed, and whether or not the arrested person committed it.
In all cases a person making a citizens arrest must hand over the suspect to a police officer at the earliest possible time.