Question: What scientific theories describe the behavior of subatomic particles?
About the article "Subatomic particle", section "Dividing an atom".

Candidate passages:
In the physical sciences, subatomic particles are particles smaller than atoms.
(although some subatomic particles have mass greater than some atoms).
There are two types of subatomic particles: elementary particles, which according to current theories are not made of other particles; and "composite" particles.
Particle physics and nuclear physics study these particles and how they interact.
In particle physics, the concept of a particle is one of several concepts inherited from classical physics.
But it also reflects the modern understanding that at the quantum scale matter and energy behave very differently from what much of everyday experience would lead us to expect.
The idea of a particle underwent serious rethinking in light of experiments that showed that light could behave like a stream of particles (called photons) as well as exhibit wave-like properties.
This led to the new concept of wave–particle duality to reflect that quantum-scale "particles" behave like both particles and waves.
Another new concept, the uncertainty principle, states that such their properties as position and momentum cannot be measured exactly.
In more recent times, wave–particle duality has been shown to apply not only to photons but to increasingly massive particles.
Interactions of particles in the framework of quantum field theory are understood as creation and annihilation of "quanta" of corresponding fundamental interactions.
This blends particle physics with field theory. 
The dimension of matter refers to the set of material objects and their behaviors through time.
In accordance with modern cosmology, matter is theorized to have emerged from a pure energy singularity at the Big Bang.
Space and time were also born at such a point.
Nonliving material objects range in complexity from subatomic particles to large organic molecules.
The physical sciences (i.e., physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy) describe the behavior of material objects. 
Kysa Johnson (born 1974, Evanston, Illinois) is a modern painter, drawing from scientific sources and theories, such as string theory and the mapping of the subatomic decay of particles.
She was schooled in Glasgow, Scotland, and is currently a resident of Brooklyn, NY.
She has exhibited regularly in both the United States and the UK.  
The interaction of these particles by scattering and decay provided a key to new fundamental quantum theories.
Murray Gell-Mann and Yuval Ne'eman brought some order to mesons and baryons, the most numerous classes of particles, by classifying them according to certain qualities.
It began with what Gell-Mann referred to as the "Eightfold Way", but proceeding into several different "octets" and "decuplets" which could predict new particles, most famously the , which was detected at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1964, and which gave rise to the "quark" model of hadron composition.
While the quark model at first seemed inadequate to describe strong nuclear forces, allowing the temporary rise of competing theories such as the S-matrix theory, the establishment of quantum chromodynamics in the 1970s finalized a set of fundamental and exchange particles ().
It postulated the fundamental strong interaction, experienced by quarks and mediated by gluons.
These particles were proposed as a building material for hadrons (see hadronization).
This theory is unusual because individual (free) quarks cannot be observed (see color confinement), unlike the situation with composite atoms where electrons and nuclei can be isolated by transferring ionization energy to the atom.
Then, the old, broad denotation of the term "elementary particle" was deprecated and a replacement term "subatomic particle" covered all the "zoo", with its hyponym "hadron" referring to composite particles directly explained by the quark model.
The designation of an "elementary" (or "fundamental") particle was reserved for leptons, quarks, their antiparticles, and quanta of fundamental interactions (see below) only. 
 Higgs Boson, a particle in theoretical physics sometimes referred to as the God Particle.
The "God particle" is the nickname of a subatomic particle called the Higgs boson.
In layman’s terms, different subatomic particles are responsible for giving matter different properties.
One of the most mysterious and important properties is mass.
Some particles, like protons and neutrons, have mass.
Others, like photons, do not.
The Higgs boson, or “God particle,” is believed to be the particle which gives mass to matter.
The “God particle” nickname grew out of the long, drawn-out struggles of physicists to find this elusive piece of the cosmic puzzle.
What follows is a very brief, very simplified explanation of how the Higgs boson fits into modern physics, and how science is attempting to study it.
The “standard model” of particle physics is a system that attempts to describe the forces, components, and reactions of the basic particles that make up matter.
It not only deals with atoms and their components, but the pieces that compose some subatomic particles.
This model does have some major gaps, including gravity, and some experimental contradictions.
The standard model is still a very good method of understanding particle physics, and it continues to improve.
The model predicts that there are certain elementary particles even smaller than protons and neutrons.
As of the date of this writing, the only particle predicted by the model which has not been experimentally verified is the “Higgs boson,” jokingly referred to as the “God particle.” Each of the subatomic particles contributes to the forces that cause all matter interactions.
One of the most important, but least understood, aspects of matter is mass.
Science is not entirely sure why some particles seem mass-less, like photons, and others are “massive.” The standard model predicts that there is an elementary particle, the Higgs boson, which would produce the effect of mass.
Confirmation of the Higgs boson would be a major milestone in our understanding of physics.
The “God particle” nickname actually arose when the book The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question?
by Leon Lederman was published.
Since then, it’s taken on a life of its own, in part because of the monumental questions about matter that the God particle might be able to answer.
The man who first proposed the Higgs boson’s existence, Peter Higgs, isn’t all that amused by the nickname “God particle,” as he’s an avowed atheist.
All the same, there isn’t really any religious intention behind the nickname.
Currently, efforts are under way to confirm the Higgs boson using the Large Hadron Collider, a particle accelerator in Switzerland, which should be able to confirm or refute the existence of the God particle.
As with any scientific discovery, God’s amazing creation becomes more and more impressive as we learn more about it.
Either result—that the Higgs boson exists, or does not exist—represents a step forward in human knowledge and another step forward in our appreciation of the universe.