community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What did the sculpture come to symbolize?
About the article "David (Michelangelo)", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
In 2002, Vitoria, the capital of the Basque country, awarded its gold medal, the city's highest honor, posthumously to Chillida and the architect Luis Peña Ganchegui, for building a square that has come to symbolize Basque re-emergence following Spain's return to democracy.
Other honours include: (1998) Recipient of the Lifetime Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award International Sculpture Center (1991) Recipient of the Praemium Imperiale in Sculpture (1987) Recipient of the Premio Príncipe de Asturias de las Artes (1985) Recipient of the Wolf Prize in Sculpture (1983) Elected an honorary academician by the Royal Academy  
  "Just as there is writing and then there is literature, there is construction and then there is architecture.
Great architecture can change society."
(2013)  "All great architecture is great sculpture.
But it is sculpture used by human beings.
So, it has to have openings for light and air, doors... these openings should not spoil the sculpture, they should complete it.
That is what Wright did with his houses.
They are stunning."
(2013)  
Berlin is the name of a sculpture on the Tauentzienstraße in western Berlin, the capital of Germany.
First conceived in 1985 and unveiled by the husband-and-wife sculpting team of Brigitte Matschinsky-Denninghoff and Martin Matschinsky in 1987, the sculpture's principal motif, a "broken chain", was meant to symbolize the severed connections between West and East Berlin due to the construction of the Berlin Wall.
Even though the Wall has since been dismantled, the sculpture was bought by the city from Mrs. Matschinsky-Denninghoff to commemorate the unfortunate chapter in German history. 
Several of the bodies in the sculpture were designed to be symbolic.
One of the bodies resembles Christ, another is of a woman holding an apple.
Both symbolize the connection between Jews and Christians.
The only standing man is thought to be the sculptor's representation of Margaret Bourke-White's famous "Life Magazine" 1945 photograph of the liberation of Buchenwald. 
Because simple selfishness cannot explain why large numbers of people consistently choose to vote, Riker and Ordeshook introduced another term to the equation, D, to symbolize the personal or social benefits conferred by the act of voting itself, rather than by affecting the outcome of the election.
R = (BP) − C + D  This drew a distinction between "expressive voting", intended only to signal support or demonstrate civic responsibility, and "instrumental voting", intended to actually change the outcome.
The benefits here did not come from actually influencing the election, but rather from the social payoffs of participating in it.
Because the term BP was assumed to be zero, D was presumed to be the only important factor in determining elections.
Question: What date did The Amazing Race 21 air the 8th leg?
About the article "The Amazing Race 21", section "Leg 8 (Russia)".

Candidate passages:
The 7th leg of the 22nd installment of the US television program The Amazing Race is focused on what happens to the race participants while in and around Maun. 
"The Amazing Race".
The Amazing Race 20.
Villegas and fiancé Rachel Reilly were on the 20th season of "The Amazing Race", which premiered on February 19, 2012.
They ended up in 3rd place out of 11 teams in the final leg in "The Amazing Race 20". 
 The temple was featured in the 5th leg of The Amazing Race 22.  
Gary and Mallory's best placements on "The Amazing Race 17" were three consecutive second-place finishes (leg 3, leg 4 and leg 5).
They were eliminated in the 8th leg, finishing in 6th place.
On "The Amazing Race 18: Unfinished Business", Gary and Mallory achieved three first-place finishes, two second-place finishes and two third-place finishes.
The team made last place in the 8th leg and had to perform a penalty task in the 9th leg to be allowed to continue racing.
Ultimately, Mallory and her father placed 3rd out of the 11 teams in the final leg, losing to Harlem Globetrotters of Flight Time & Big Easy (runner-up) and Sisters of Kisha & Jen, who won the race.
On "The Amazing Race 24: All-Stars", Mallory joined Mark Jackson after his teammate William "Bopper" Minton was deemed unfit to race due to pancreatitis.
They finished in 6th Place in the 1st leg.
But then they were eliminated in the 2nd leg, finishing in 10th place. 
This location was the pit stop for leg 10 of "The Amazing Race 17".
Question: Who wrote the film "Gravity?"
About the article "Gravity (film)", section "Development".

Candidate passages:
  "Gravity" (Delirious?
Gravity is a 2013 British 3D science fiction thriller and space drama film.
It was directed, co-written, co-produced and co-edited by Alfonso Cuarón, and stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as astronauts involved in the mid-orbit destruction of a space shuttle and their attempt to return to Earth.
Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás and attempted to develop the film at Universal Studios.
The rights were sold to Warner Bros., where the project eventually found traction.
David Heyman, who previously worked with Cuarón on "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban", produced the film with him.
"Gravity" was made in the UK, where British special effects company Framestore spent more than three years creating most of the film's visual effects, which comprise over 80 of its 91 minutes.
"Gravity" opened the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August 2013 and had its North American premiere three days later at the Telluride Film Festival.
It was released to cinemas in the United States and Canada on October 4, 2013.
The film was met with universal acclaim from critics and audiences; both groups praised Emmanuel Lubezki's cinematography, Steven Price's musical score, Cuarón's direction, Bullock's performance and Framestore's visual effects.
It has grossed more than worldwide, making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2013.
"Gravity" won seven awards at the 86th Academy Awards, the most for the ceremony, including Best Director for Cuarón, Best Cinematography for Lubezki, Best Visual Effects, and Best Original Score for Price.
The film was also awarded six BAFTA Awards, including Outstanding British Film and Best Director, the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, and seven Critics Choice Awards. 
Ryan Carolin, who wrote the film, is adapting the film as a stage musical for Broadway. 
Roman is a 2006 suspense-horror film starring Lucky McKee (who also wrote the script) as Roman. 
F. Field Gravity Detector.
A yo yo used by the Fourth Doctor to determine the presence, magnitude, and direction of gravity in a given area.
Question: What are walls called in sailing?
About the article "Sailing", section "Other terms".

Candidate passages:
Members of the Milwaukee Community Sailing are able to participate in all programs the Sailing Center has to offer.
Upon completion of appropriate courses and after successfully demonstrating basic sailing skills, individuals have no-charge access to the fleet during Open Sailing.
Members are allowed to bring guests to sail and are able to participate in the Sailing Center’s racing program.
Members participate in social events, take advantage of the Sailing Center’s grounds, which provide volleyball courts and a picnic area, meet new people and have a great time, which is what being a member of the Sailing Center is all about.
For adults and youth, the Sailing Center offers three course levels; Basic, Intermediate and Advanced. 
The term sailing ship is used to refer to any large wind-powered vessel.
In technical terms, a ship was a sailing vessel with a specific rig of at least three masts, square rigged on all of them, making the "sailing" adjective redundant.
In popular usage "ship" became associated with all large sailing vessels and when steam power came along the adjective became necessary.
Large sailing vessels that are not ship rigged may be more appropriately called boats. 
The Shannon-One-Design sailing dinghy is a small sailing boat raced on the River Shannon and Loughs Ree and Derg in Ireland.
The boats are 18 feet (5.49m) long by 4 feet 10.5 inches (1.5m) beam, drawing 4 feet (1.23m) with her centreboard down.
They have a sail area of 140 square feet (15.6m2) set in a single sail, giving the boat what is called a gunter rig. 
 in New England.
Fieldstone has been abundant throughout New England and Eastern Canada since European settlers cleared the forests for timber.
These logs were sent by sailing ships to England and Europe.
When the virgin land was tilled the fields were littered with rocks that were moved to the edge of the fields and stacked in what has become a New England landmark called "Stone Walls".
The stone walls were added to each spring when the fields were plowed as more stones were brought to the surface following the winter freeze and the spring thaw. 
Walls are called "bulkheads" or "ceilings", while the surfaces referred to as ceilings on land are called 'overheads'or 'deckheads'.
Floors are called 'soles' or "decks".
"Broken up" was the fate of a ship that hit a "rocky point" or was simply no longer wanted.
The toilet is traditionally called the 'head', the kitchen is the "galley".
When lines are tied off, this may be referred to as 'made fast' or 'belayed.'
Sails in different sail plans have unchanging names, however.
For the naming of sails, see sail-plan.
Question: How did Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" praise the performances of the cast?
About the article "The Usual Suspects", section "Critical".

Candidate passages:
Critic Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" did not care much for the movie: 
Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" had disdain for the movie: 
Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" gave the film a negative review. 
Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" gave the film a mixed review: 
Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" thought the film was flawed but decent and did not think highly of Parillaud's acting:
Question: Why is it notable that the cheese is made from sheeps milk?
About the article "Cheese", section "Ancient Greece and Rome".

Candidate passages:
Cheesemaking is the craft of making cheese, which dates back at least 5,000 years.
Archaeological evidence exists of Egyptian cheese being made in the ancient Egyptian civilizations.
The production of cheese, like many other food preservation processes allows the nutritional and economic value of a food material, in this case milk, to be preserved.
It allows the consumer to choose (within limits) when to consume the food rather than have to consume it straight away, and it allows the product to be altered which gives it higher value.
Cheesemaking may have originated from nomadic herdsmen who stored milk in vessels made from the sheeps' and goats' stomachs.
Because their stomach linings contains a mix of lactic acid, wild bacteria as milk contaminants and rennet, the milk would ferment and coagulate.
A product reminiscent of yogurt would have been produced, which, through gentle agitation and the separation of curds from whey would have resulted in the production of cheese; the cheese being essentially a concentration of the major milk protein, casein, and milk fat.
The whey proteins, other minor milk proteins, and the lactose are all removed in the cheese whey. 
Campo de Montalban is a semi-firm to firm Spanish cheese made from a blend of cows', sheeps' and goats' milk in La Mancha.
This cheese resembles manchego in texture and appearance, and until 1985 it was in fact considered a manchego.
Campo de Montalban is distinguished by its three milk blend, while manchego contains only sheep's milk.
The flavor is also similar to manchego.
However, the characters of all three milks are noticeable in Campo de Montalban.
Campo de Montalban comes in waxed barrel-shaped wheels, with an embossed herringbone design, much like its all-sheep cousin, manchego. 
Molbo is a Danish cow's milk cheese made in the region of Mols.
It is very similar to Edam, with a delicate, light flavour that is slightly tangy and salty.
It has small, regular holes and is covered in a red wax coating.
Made from cow milk, Molbo cheese is semi-hard in texture.  
A third of the village is involved in agriculture.
It also has the only cheese factory in the canton that produces Comté, a hard cheese made from cow's milk that is similar to Gruyère. 
Bonchester cheese is a soft Scottish cheese, made from unpasteurized Jersey cows milk.
It is produced at Bonchester Bridge, Roxburghshire.
During production, the cheese develops a white rind.
Its production in Europe is regulated under protected designation of origin laws.
Question: What ranking does Mexico get on the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index?
About the article "Mexico", section "Tourism".

Candidate passages:
In the 2011 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) report, which is a measurement of the factors that make it attractive to developing business in the travel and tourism industry of individual countries, Mexico was ranked 43rd place in the world's ranking, which is fourth in the Americas.
In considering simply the subindex measuring human, cultural, and natural resources, Mexico ranks in the 13th place on a worldwide level, 10th for the natural resources criteria and 19th for the cultural criteria.
The TTCI report also notes Mexico's main weaknesses, which includes ground transport infrastructure (ranked 79th), insufficient health and hygiene (ranked 64th) and safety and security concerns (ranked 128th). 
2009 Ranking.
Top 10 Ranking by Continent.
The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index for 2009. 
2011 Ranking.
Top 10 Ranking by Continent.
The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index for 2011. 
2008 Ranking.
Top 10 Ranking by Continent.
The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index in 2008. 
The Botswana government's "National Conservation Strategy and Tourism Policy" was created to promote tourism while protecting wildlife areas.
Citizens of the United States, South Africa, British Commonwealth countries, and most Western European countries do not need visas for stays of less than 91 days.
Passports are required for travel in the country.
Proof of yellow fever and cholera immunizations are required of tourists from infected areas.
The World Economic Forum report on Travel and Tourism Global Competitiveness ranked Botswana 87 out of 130 countries in its 2008 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index.
The same report praised Botswana's attractions, and the low rating was due to challenges confronting tourists, including lack of access to modern technologies, poor hygiene standards, and poor roads and communications.
Question: When was Korea annexed by Japan?
About the article "South Korea", section "Architecture".

Candidate passages:
Under the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910, Korea was annexed by Japan and Britain automatically lost extraterritorial rights in Korea.
The court then became the Supreme Court for China. 
Historical background.
Korea under Japanese rule (1910–1945).
As the Russo-Japanese War ended in 1905, Korea became a nominal protectorate, and was annexed in 1910 by Japan. 
The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, also known as the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, was made by representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire on August 22, 1910.
In this treaty, Japan formally annexed Korea following the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 by which Korea became the protectorate of Japan and Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907 by which Korea was deprived of the administration of internal affairs.
Japanese commentators predicted that Koreans would easily assimilate into the Japanese Empire.
In 1965 the Treaty of Basic Relations between South Korea and Japan confirmed this treaty is ""already null and void"". 
When Korea was a protectorate of Japan, Japan was represented by the Resident-General. 
When the American Commodore Matthew Perry reached Japan in 1854, it signed the "Convention of Kanagawa".
Its importance was limited.
Much more important was the Harris treaty of 1858 negotiated by U.S. envoy Townsend Harris.
Korea's first unequal treaty was not with the West but with Japan.
Taking a page from Western tactics, in 1875 Japan sent Captain Inoue Yoshika and the warship "Un'yō" to display military might over Korea in the Ganghwa Island incident.
This forced Korea to open its doors to Japan by signing the "Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876".
The unequal treaties ended at various times for the countries involved.
Japan's victories in the 1894–95 First Sino-Japanese War convinced many in the West that unequal treaties could no longer be enforced on Japan.
Korea's unequal treaties with European states became largely null and void in 1910, when it was annexed by Japan.
Question: What is the first action in the biosynthesis of J?
About the article "DNA", section "Nucleobase classification".

Candidate passages:
In plants, sanguinarine is synthesized from dihydrosanguinarine through the action of Dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.12). 
Phenylalanine and tyrosine are the precursors used in the phenylpropanoids biosynthesis.
The phenylpropanoids are then used to produce the flavonoids, coumarins, tannins and lignin.
The first enzyme involved is phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) that uses L-phenylalanine to products, trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia.
Gallic acid biosynthesis Gallic acid is formed from 3-dehydroshikimate by the action of the enzyme shikimate dehydrogenase to produce 3,5-didehydroshikimate.
This latter compound spontaneously rearranges to gallic acid. 
Vomilenine is an intermediate chemical in the biosynthesis of ajmaline. 
In molecular biology, cobalamin biosynthesis is the synthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12). 
Lobelanine is a chemical precursor in the biosynthesis of lobeline.
Question: How is the "overall reaction" of electrolysis of water explained?
About the article "Electrochemistry", section "Electrolysis of water".

Candidate passages:
High-temperature electrolysis (also HTE or steam electrolysis) is a method currently being investigated for water electrolysis with a heat engine.
High temperature electrolysis may be preferable to traditional room-temperature electrolysis because some of the energy is supplied as heat, which is cheaper than electricity, and because the electrolysis reaction is more efficient at higher temperatures. 
High-temperature electrolysis (also HTE or steam electrolysis) is a method being investigated for the production of hydrogen from water with oxygen as a by-product. 
Oxygen evolution is the process of generating molecular oxygen through chemical reaction.
Mechanisms of oxygen evolution include the oxidation of water during oxygenic photosynthesis, electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen, and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution from oxides and oxoacids. 
The generalized reaction for chemical decomposition is:   AB → A + B with a specific example being the electrolysis of water to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen:  2 H2O("I") → 2 H2 + O2  
A decomposition reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction, where a more complex substance breaks down into its more simple parts.
These reactions are in the general form: formula_15 One example of a decomposition reaction is the electrolysis of water to make oxygen and hydrogen gas: formula_16
Question: How do Kuper belt objects measure?
About the article "Solar System", section "Kuiper belt".

Candidate passages:
Kuper may refer to: 
Symbols represent objects; how they do so, the map-territory relation, is the basic problem of semantics. 
  Admiral Sir Augustus Leopold Kuper (1809–1885), British naval officer  Adam Kuper, British anthropologist  Leo Kuper, South African sociologist  Peter Kuper (born 1958), U.S. comics artist  Simon Kuper, British author and journalist  
Adam Kuper (born 1941) is a British anthropologist most closely linked to the school of social anthropology.
In his works, he often treats the notion of "culture" skeptically, focusing as much on how it is used as on what it means. 
Mereological nihilism (also called compositional nihilism) is the position that objects with proper parts do not exist (not only objects in space, but also objects existing in time do not have any temporal parts), and only basic building blocks without parts exist, and thus the world we see and experience full of objects with parts is a product of human misperception (i.e., if we could see clearly, we would not perceive compositive objects).
This interpretation of existence must be based on resolution.
The resolution with which humans see and perceive the "improper parts" of the world is not an objective fact of reality, but is rather an implicit trait that can only be qualitatively explored and expressed.
Therefore there is no arguable way to surmise or measure the validity of mereological nihilism.
Example: An ant can get lost on a large cylindrical object because the circumference of the object is so large with respect to the ant that the ant effectively feels as though the object has no curvature.
Thus, the resolution with which the ant views the world it exists "within" is a very important determining factor in how the ant experiences this "within the world" feeling.
We humans once believed the world was likely flat and planar.
Question: What dies Doner kebab mean?
About the article "Kebab", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Doner kebab is only available in the capital Ulaanbaatar through a fast-food chain "Cola and Kebab". 
  Kadir Nurman invents the doner kebab in Berlin.  
Doner is popular in Iran, where it is known as "Turkish kebab" or ("kabab Torki", Persian: کباب ترکی) or "kabob Estanboli" (kebab from Istanbul). 
Doner kebabs have started to gain popularity in Estonia as well.
Turkish Kebab restaurants owned by Turkish immigrants.
There are Döner kebab places in Tallinn and Tartu. 
In Romania, doner kebab and its locally widespread variant, the "shaworma", have gained much popularity since 1990, so much so that "shaworma" has become a fast food staple.
Question: What did historian Mark Pendergrast describe coffee as?
About the article "Coffee", section "Commodity".

Candidate passages:
Coffee is bought and sold by roasters, investors, and price speculators as a tradable commodity in commodity markets and exchange-traded funds.
Coffee futures contracts for Grade 3 washed arabicas are traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange under ticker symbol KC, with contract deliveries occurring every year in March, May, July, September, and December.
Coffee is an example of a product that has been susceptible to significant commodity futures price variations.
Higher and lower grade arabica coffees are sold through other channels.
Futures contracts for robusta coffee are traded on the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange and, since 2007, on the New York IntercontinentalExchange.
Coffee has been described by many, including historian Mark Pendergrast, as the world's "second most legally traded commodity."
However, this claim has been recently refuted by Pendergrast among others after further research.
Mark Pendergrast (born 1948) is an American independent scholar and author of five books. 
Pendergrast was born in 1948 to Nan and Britt Pendergrast, the fourth of seven children.
He was raised in Atlanta, Georgia.
He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature from Harvard College, after which he taught for several years in public schools.
Pendergrast later attended Simmons College in Boston, where he obtained a Master of Arts degree in Library Science.
He worked as an academic librarian and freelance writer until becoming a full-time writer in 1991.
Pendergrast lives in Essex Junction, Vermont. 
Censorship analyst Heather Hendershot and historian Mark Pendergrast have criticized the book for comparing sugar to drugs and suggesting its role in a variety of illnesses including bubonic plague.
Scientist Michael E. Oakes has also commented on the book.