Question: The background figures and shapes discussion by Frank Meshberger took place in what year?
About the article "The Creation of Adam", section "Anatomical theories".

Candidate passages:
Several hypotheses have been put forward about the meaning of "The Creation of Adam"'s highly original composition, many of them taking Michelangelo's well-documented expertise in human anatomy as their starting point.
In 1990, an Anderson, Indiana physician named Frank Lynn Meshberger, M.D.
noted in the medical publication the "Journal of the American Medical Association" that the background figures and shapes portrayed behind the figure of God appeared to be an anatomically accurate picture of the human brain.
Dr. Meshberger's interpretation has been discussed by Dr. Mark Lee Appler.
On close examination, borders in the painting correlate with major sulci of the cerebrum in the inner and outer surface of the brain, the brain stem, the frontal lobe, the basilar artery, the pituitary gland and the optic chiasm.
Alternatively, it has been observed that the red cloth around God has the shape of a human uterus (one art historian has called it a "uterine mantle"), and that the scarf hanging out, coloured green, could be a newly cut umbilical cord.
"This is an interesting hypothesis that presents the Creation scene as an idealised representation of the physical birth of man.
It explains the navel that appears on Adam, which is at first perplexing because he was created, not born of a woman."
Diana Brydon begins her introduction to the Frank Davey 'festschrift issue' of "Studies in Canadian Literature": 'In 1974, Frank Davey's conference paper 'Surviving the Paraphrase' took the small world of Canadian literary criticism by storm.
The tenor of discussion changed as writers and critics became more self-conscious about their place in the world and how they engaged it in their work.'
In her essay in this issue, Smaro Kamboureli writes ' 'Surviving the Paraphrase,' originally presented in 1974 at the founding meeting of the association of Canadian and Quebec Literatures, and subsequently published in "Canadian Literature" in 1976, inaugurates a pivotal moment ... in the development of Canadian criticism, for it presents one of the earliest, albeit brief, critiques of thematic criticism in Canada.'
She adds 'If I were to identify a single major contribution Davey has made to Canadian critical discourse, this would be the instrumental role he has played in showing the importance of methodology, that methodology is inextricably related to how we understand the canon, textuality, the critical act, and nation-formation.
The fact that he drew attention to method at a time when Canadian literary discourse was by and large oblivious to it makes his contribution all the more important.
Method – directly thematized or appearing in different guises – figures in his work with remarkable consistency and with interesting results.'
In the following table, the years correspond to the date in which the award was given, rather than when the poem was first published.
Each year links to the corresponding "year in poetry".
Entries with a blue background and an asterisk (*) next to the writer's name have won the award, while those with a gray background and a plus sign (+) took second place, and those with a white background took third.
*   Winners  +   Second place      Third place 
 of position.
Even in ancient times, geometers considered questions of relative position or spatial relationship of geometric figures and shapes.
Some examples are given by inscribed and circumscribed circles of polygons, lines intersecting and tangent to conic sections, the Pappus and Menelaus configurations of points and lines.
In the Middle Ages, new and more complicated questions of this type were considered: What is the maximum number of spheres simultaneously touching a given sphere of the same radius (kissing number problem)?
What is the densest packing of spheres of equal size in space (Kepler conjecture)?
Most of these questions involved 'rigid' geometrical shapes, such as lines or spheres.
Projective, convex, and discrete geometry are three sub-disciplines within present day geometry that deal with these types of questions.
Leonhard Euler, in studying problems like the Seven Bridges of Königsberg, considered the most fundamental properties of geometric figures based solely on shape, independent of their metric properties.
Euler called this new branch of geometry "geometria situs" (geometry of place), but it is now known as topology.
Topology grew out of geometry, but turned into a large independent discipline.
It does not differentiate between objects that can be continuously deformed into each other.
The objects may nevertheless retain some geometry, as in the case of hyperbolic knots. 
Dedication ceremonies took place September 10, 2011 and were attended by a number of notable political figures, including Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey, five former governors of the state, presidential advisor John O. Brennan, Senators Frank Lautenberg and Robert Menendez and family members of those whose names are enscribed on the monument.