community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: What body governs volleyball in Europe?
About the article "Beach volleyball", section "Governing bodies".

Candidate passages:
The European Volleyball Confederation (French: Confédération Européenne de Volleyball or CEV) is the continental governing body for the sport of volleyball in Europe.
Its headquarters are located in Luxembourg, Luxembourg. 
The Gobichettipalayam Municipality is the civic body that governs the city of Gobichettipalayam in Tamil Nadu, India. 
The primary international governing body for beach volleyball is the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).
The regional governing bodies are:
Asia – Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC)
Africa – Confédération Africaine de Volleyball (CAV)
Europe – European Volleyball Confederation (CEV)
North and Central America – North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA)
South America – Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV)
In the United States, USA Volleyball is the governing body for beach volleyball, as well as indoor volleyball.
In the 2010–11 academic year, the NCAA began sponsoring beach volleyball, which it calls "sand volleyball", as an "emerging" women's sport.
Initially, it was sponsored only for Division II, with Division I added the following academic year.
NCAA competition follows standard beach volleyball rules, with competitions involving five doubles teams from each participating school.
  The International Rogaining Federation governs rogaining.
Separate organizations govern competitive mounted orienteering in the United States and Europe (and the two sports are dissimilar).
The International Amateur Radio Union governs amateur radio direction finding.  
Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is the continental governing body for the sport of volleyball in Asia.
Question: Which type of woodland savannah predominates in the area?
About the article "Victoria Falls", section "Vegetation".

Candidate passages:
Mopane woodland savannah predominates in the area, with smaller areas of Miombo and Rhodesian Teak woodland and scrubland savannah.
Riverine forest with palm trees lines the banks and islands above the falls.
The most notable aspect of the area's vegetation though is the rainforest nurtured by the spray from the falls, containing plants rare for the area such as pod mahogany, ebony, ivory palm, wild date palm and a number of creepers and lianas.
Vegetation has suffered in recent droughts, and so have the animals that depend on it, particularly antelope.
The Numatina Game Reserve is a protected area in South Sudan.
The savannah woodland habitat features key species of elephant, giant eland, and roan antelope. 
The Juba Game Reserve is a protected area in South Sudan, Africa.
It is a game reserve and Important Bird Area.
The savannah grassland and woodland habitat features key species of Heuglin's Francolin and Arabian bustard. 
The Ashana Game Reserve is a protected area in South Sudan, Africa.
It is both a game reserve and an Important Bird Area.
The savannah woodland habitat features key species of Elephant and Giant Eland.  
The Kidepo Game Reserve is a protected area in South Sudan, Africa.
It is a game reserve and Important Bird Area.
The savannah grassland and woodland habitat features key species of Heuglin's Francolin and elephant.
Question: How many episodes were ordered for 30 Rock in the first season?
About the article "30 Rock", section "Conception".

Candidate passages:
How to Rock is an American sitcom that ran on Nickelodeon from February 4 to December 8, 2012.
It stars Cymphonique Miller as Kacey Simon.
The series is based on the 2011 book "How to Rock Braces and Glasses" by Meg Haston published by Little, Brown Books For Young Readers and Alloy Entertainment.
The series was officially green-lit on May 23, 2011 with a 20-episode production order, later increased to 26.
Two of the ordered episodes were merged into a special episode so 25 episodes actually aired.</ref> The series began production in August 2011.
It is the first television sitcom to be produced by Alloy Entertainment.
The first promo aired with "Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh" on December 10, 2011.
It was confirmed by the series showrunner David M. Israel on August 26, 2012 that "How to Rock" would not be returning for a second season. 
The following is a list of episodes for the Adult Swim television series, "Delocated", along with descriptions for each episode.
The episodes are ordered chronologically by airdate for each season.
Like many shows on Adult Swim, the series originally had an 11 minute runtime; however, in 2010, the runtime was expanded to 22 minutes for the 2nd season onward.
, 30 episodes of "Delocated", including the pilot and series finale, have aired.
The first two seasons were released on DVD in the United States on January 17, 2012. 
"The Venture Bros." series has run five seasons.
The first three seasons consist of 13 thirty-minute episodes (including time for commercials), plus the pilot and one 15-minute Christmas special.
The fourth season consists of 15 thirty-minute episodes and one hour-long season finale episode, while the fifth season has an hour long premier and 7 thirty-minute episodes.
Adult Swim has also ordered two additional seasons, with pre-production on Season 5 having started in June 2011.
Season 5 premiered on June 2, 2013.
The DVD releases for the first three seasons feature the episodes in an order slightly different from how they were aired. 
The first season of "Healthy Soul" was initially picked up for 10 episodes and then, after initial ratings success, an additional 10 episodes were ordered. 
On August 16, 2010, HGTV announced it had ordered an additional 13 episodes for a second season.
Episodes will begin airing in the first quarter of 2011.
Question: How does yeast attract pollinators to flowers?
About the article "Yeast", section "Ecology".

Candidate passages:
The petals could produce different scents to allure desirable pollinators and/or repel undesirable pollinators.
Some flowers will also mimic the scents produced by materials such as decaying meat, to attract pollinators to them. 
Pollination is an important step in the sexual reproduction of higher plants.
Pollen is produced by the male flower or by the male organs of hermaphroditic flowers.
Pollen does not move on its own and thus requires wind or animal pollinators to disperse the pollen to the stigma (botany) of the same or nearby flowers.
However, pollinators are rather selective in determining the flowers they choose to pollinate.
This develops competition between flowers and as a result flowers must provide incentives to appeal to pollinators (unless the flower self-pollinates or is involved in wind pollination).
Petals play a major role in competing to attract pollinators.
Henceforth pollination dispersal could occur and the survival of many species of flowers could prolong. 
Carrion flowers, also known as corpse flowers or stinking flowers are flowers that emit an odor that smells like rotting flesh.
Carrion flowers attract mostly scavenging flies and beetles as pollinators.
Some species may trap the insects temporarily to ensure the gathering and transfer of pollen. 
As with other members of the genus "Ficus", the flowers require a particular species of fig wasp to pollinate it in a co-evolved relationship.
Because of this relationship, the rubber plant does not produce highly colourful or fragrant flowers to attract other pollinators.
The fruit is a small yellow-green oval fig long, barely edible; it will only contain viable seed where the relevant fig wasp species is present. 
Various colour traits are used by different petals that could attract pollinators that have poor smelling abilities, or that only come out at certain parts of the day.
Some flowers are able to change the colour of their petals as a signal to mutual pollinators to approach or keep away.
Question: Who is the author of , "Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D.C."?
About the article "Lincoln Memorial", section "Sculptural features".

Candidate passages:
Byron York (born 1958) is a conservative American columnist for the "Washington Examiner", Fox News contributor, and author who lives in Washington, D.C. 
Route tracing is used to determine where the faulty cable lies and pinpointing is the process of determining the exact position of the cable fault. 
Event correlation is a technique for making sense of a large number of events and pinpointing the few events that are really important in that mass of information. 
 Administration Building, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., listed on the NRHP in Washington, D.C.  
The Residence of the Ambassador of the Netherlands in Washington, D.C. is located at 2347 S Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the Sheridan-Kalorama neighborhood.
Question: Was the painting Girl With a Pearl Earring commissioned?
About the article "Girl with a Pearl Earring", section "Background".

Candidate passages:
Girl with a Pearl Earring is a 1999 historical novel written by Tracy Chevalier.
Set in 17th century Delft, Holland, the novel was inspired by Delft school painter Johannes Vermeer's painting "Girl with a Pearl Earring".
Chevalier presents a fictional account of Vermeer, the model, and the painting.
The novel was adapted into a 2003 film of the same name and a 2008 play of the same name. 
The painting Girl with a Pearl Earring () is one of Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer's masterworks and, as the name implies, uses a pearl earring for a focal point.
It has been in the collection of the Mauritshuis gallery in The Hague since 1902.  
Tracy Chevalier wrote a historical novel, also entitled "Girl with a Pearl Earring" (1999), fictionalizing the circumstances of the painting's creation.
In the novel, Johannes Vermeer becomes close with a fictional servant named Griet (based on Chevalier's close friend Georgia Kendall), whom he hires as an assistant and has sit for him as a painting model while wearing his wife's pearl earrings.
The novel inspired a 2003 film and 2008 play of the same name.
The 2003 film stars Scarlett Johansson as the girl with the pearl earring, Griet.
Johansson was nominated for various awards including a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. 
 "Down with Love" "Girl with a Pearl Earring" "The Last Samurai"  
  "Orlando" (1992)  "Girl with a Pearl Earring" (2003)
Question: What year was the TV series "Once upon a time" developed?
About the article "Once Upon a Time (TV series)", section "Spin-off".

Candidate passages:
  "Once Upon a Time" (TV series), a 2011 American TV series * "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland", a spin-off TV series of "Once Upon a Time"  "Once Upon a Time...", seven French animated didactic TV series, produced from 1978–2008 * "Once Upon a Time... Man" in 1978 * "Once Upon a Time... Space" in 1982 * "Once Upon a Time... Life" in 1987 * "Once Upon a Time...
The Americas" in 1989 * "Once Upon a Time...
The Discoverers" in 1994 * ""Once Upon a Time...
The Explorers" in 1996 * ""Once Upon a Time...
Planet Earth" in 2008  "Once Upon a Time", Granada TV series from 1979–1983, featuring Peter Davison and Mark Wynter  "Once Upon a Time" ("The Twilight Zone"), a 1961 episode of the anthology series "The Twilight Zone"  "Once Upon a Time" ("The Prisoner"), a 1968 episode of the allegorical science-fiction series"The Prisoner"  , a 1998 episode of the science-fiction series "Star Trek: Voyager"  "Once Upon a Time" ("Charmed"), a 2000 episode of the fantasy series "Charmed"  "Once Upon a Time", a 2011 episode of the drama series "Dexter"  
The series has been licensed to over 190 countries. 
In the TV series "Once Upon a Time", Captain Hook first appears in the episode "The Crocodile", and is played by Colin O'Donoghue.  
Betrayal is an American drama television series that aired on ABC from September 29, 2013, to January 19, 2014.
The series was developed by David Zabel and starred Hannah Ware.
It is based on the Dutch drama series "Overspel", broadcast by VARA.
The pilot episode was directed by Patty Jenkins.
"Betrayal" joined ABC's Sunday line-up after ABC's dramas, "Once Upon a Time" and "Revenge". 
  "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland" (TV Series), a 2013 spinoff of the ABC television series Once Upon a Time "Wonderland" (TV series), a 2000 ABC television drama directed by Peter Berg Wonderland (Australian TV series), a 2013 Australian television drama series Wonderland, an alternate dimension in the "" anime, to which the main characters travel
Question: How long is the track "Murder By Numbers" on "Every Breath You Take" album?
About the article "Every Breath You Take", section "Track listing".

Candidate passages:
7": A&M / AM 117
 "Every Breath You Take" – 4:13
 "Murder By Numbers" – 4:31
2x7": A&M / AM 117
 "Every Breath You Take" – 4:13
 "Murder By Numbers" – 4:31
 "Man In A Suitcase" (live) – 2:18
 "Truth Hits Everybody '83" -3:34
 rare 2x7" single
All songs written by Sting, except where noted.
"Synchronicity I" - 3:23 "Walking in Your Footsteps" - 3:36 "O My God" - 4:02 "Mother" (Andy Summers) - 3:05 "Miss Gradenko" (Stewart Copeland) - 2:00 "Synchronicity II" - 5:00 "Every Breath You Take" - 4:13 "King of Pain" - 4:59 "Wrapped Around Your Finger" - 5:13 "Tea in the Sahara" - 4:11 "Murder by Numbers" (Lyrics: Sting, Music: Summers) - 4:36 (Not included on original LP release).
Three other songs were recorded as B-sides.
"Someone to Talk To" (Summers) - 3:08 "Once Upon a Daydream" (Sting, Summers) - 3:31 "Tea in the Sahara" (Live) - 5:05  
 "De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da" – 4:10 "Voices Inside My Head" – 3:53 "Invisible Sun" – 3:44 "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic" – 4:20 "Spirits in the Material World" – 2:58 "Demolition Man" – 5:55 "Rehumanize Yourself" (Copeland, Sting) - 3:10 *** "Every Breath You Take" – 4:14 "Synchronicity I" – 3:22 "Wrapped Around Your Finger" – 5:13 "Walking in Your Footsteps" – 3:36 "Synchronicity II" – 5:05 "King of Pain" – 4:59 "Murder By Numbers" (Sting, Summers) – 4:33 "Tea in the Sahara" – 4:19 **Bonus tracks on UK edition.  
  "They Say It's Wonderful/I Got Lost in His Arms" – 4.55 (Irving Berlin)  "As Time Goes By" – 4.47 (Herman Hupfeld)  "Feeling Good" – 4.52 (Leslie Bricusse/Anthony Newley)  "More Than You Know" – 3.41 (William Rose/Edward Eliscu/Vincent Youmans)  "With Every Breath I Take" – 3.36 (Cy Coleman/David Zippel)  "Mad About the Boy" – 5.54 (Noël Coward)  "I Gaze in Your Eyes" – 3.40 (Cole Porter/Ann Hampton Callaway)  "Kismet Suite: Stranger in Paradise/He's in Love/And This Is My Beloved" – 5.18 (Robert Wright/George Forrest)  "Long Before I Knew You" – 3.55 (Jule Styne/Betty Comden/Adolph Green)  "How Long Has This Been Going On?"
– 3.42 (George Gershwin/Ira Gershwin)  "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" – 3.41 (Jerome Kern/Otto Harbach)  "September Song" – 3.48 (Maxwell Anderson/Kurt Weill)  "Song of a Summer Night" – 2.29 (Frank Loesser)  
"How Many Friends" is the ninth track on The Who's album "The Who By Numbers".
Question: What is the first step in the biosynthesis of J?
About the article "DNA", section "Nucleobase classification".

Candidate passages:
Adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase (IPT) catalyses the first reaction in the biosynthesis of isoprene cytokinins.
It may use ATP, ADP, or AMP as substrates and may use dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) or hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate (HMBDP) as prenyl donors.
This reaction is the rate-limiting step in cytokinin biosynthesis.
DMAPP and HMBDP used in cytokinin biosynthesis are produced by the methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP).
Cytokinins can also be produced by recycled tRNAs in plants and bacteria.
tRNAs with anticodons that start with a uridine and carrying an already-prenylated adenosine adjacent to the anticodon release on degradation the adenosine as a cytokinin.
The prenylation of these adenines is carried out by tRNA-isopentenyltransferase.
Auxin is known to regulate the biosynthesis of cytokinin. 
  Phosphofructokinase 1 catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis.
LpxC catalyzes the first committed step of lipid A biosynthesis.
8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase catalyzes the first committed step in plant biotin synthesis.
MurA catalyzes the first committed step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase catalyzes the committed step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in "E. coli".  
The biosynthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides is highly conserved among eukaryotes and is catalyzed by 14 glycosyltransferases in an ordered stepwise manner.
The Alg1 mannosyltransferase I (MT I) catalyzes the first mannosylation step in this process. 
Porphobilinogen synthase (or ALA dehydratase, or aminolevulinate dehydratase) synthesizes porphobilinogen through the asymmetric condensation of two molecules of aminolevulinic acid.
All natural tetrapyrroles, including hemes, chlorophylls and vitamin B12, share porphobilinogen as a common precursor.
It catalyzes the second step of the biosynthesis of porphyrin.
The porphobilinogen synthase catalyzed reaction is the first common step in the biosynthesis of all biological tetrapyrroles.
Porphobilinogen synthase is the prototype morpheein. 
ATP citrate lyase is an enzyme that represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis.
This step in fatty acid biosynthesis occurs because ATP citrate lyase is the link between the metabolism of carbohydrates (which causes energy) and the production of fatty acids.
Question: What is the best way to win in racquetball?
About the article "Racquetball", section "Strategy".

Candidate passages:
The Italy national racquetball team represents the Federazione Italiana Racquetball in racquetball international competitions.
Is a member of the European Racquetball Federation and International Racquetball Federation. 
France national racquetball team represents the Fédération Française de Racquetball in racquetball international competitions.
It is a member of the European Racquetball Federation and International Racquetball Federation.  
The Ladies Professional Racquetball Tour is the latest name for the women's professional racquetball tour.
It features the world's best players and several events each season - running from September to May - that are mostly played in the USA. 
The Eastern Collegiate Racquetball Conference, also known as the ECRC, is a college sports organization dedicated to hosting and managing collegiate racquetball tournaments in Northeastern United States. 
Hogan was named the Professional Racquetball Player of the Year an unprecedented eight times, in 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986 and 1989.
Ranked as the number one racquetball player of all time by "National Racquetball Magazine", Hogan was inducted into the USA Racquetball of Fame in 1997.
In 2002, Hogan founded The Legends Racquetball Tour.
He won the most victories of any participant in the Legends Tour, winning 14 events.
Hogan won the Legends Racquetball Nationals 35+ in 2002 and 2003.
Moreover, he won the Legends 45+ National Championship in 2005, and the 2004 US Open Legends Racquetball Championship.
In addition, he teamed with Cliff Swain to win the Legends National Doubles Championships in 2004 and 2005.
Question: Where are the original manuscripts?
About the article "The Lord of the Rings", section "Writing".

Candidate passages:
There are approximately 60 existing manuscripts, but the original no longer exists.
Each manuscript has difficult to read passages and the text as a whole needs to be supplemented by comparison with other manuscripts. 
Other "named" collections of manuscripts include, but are not restricted to, the following:  Arundel manuscripts  Egerton manuscripts  King's manuscripts  Lansdowne manuscripts  Royal manuscripts  Stefan Zweig Collection  Stowe manuscripts  
Original manuscripts of the author's works are archived at the John M. Pfau Library, California State University, San Bernardino. 
Half of Stevenson's original manuscripts are lost, including those of "Treasure Island", "The Black Arrow" and "The Master of Ballantrae".
Stevenson's heirs sold Stevenson's papers during World War I; many Stevenson documents were auctioned off in 1918. 
A Hebrew Bible manuscript is a handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) made on papyrus, parchment, or paper, and written in the Hebrew language.
The oldest manuscripts were written in a form of scroll, the medieval manuscripts usually were written in a form of codex.
The late manuscripts written after the 9th century use the Masoretic Text.
The important manuscripts are associated with Aaron ben Asher (especially Codex Leningradensis).
The original manuscripts and early copies of the Old Testament disappeared over time, because of wars, (especially the destruction of the First and Second Temples), and other intentional destructions made by enemies.
As a result, the lapse of time between the original manuscripts and their surviving copies is much longer than in the case of the New Testament manuscripts.
The first list of the Old Testament manuscripts in Hebrew, made by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–1780) and published by Oxford, listed 615 manuscripts from libraries in England and on the Continent.
Giovanni de Rossi (1784–1788) published a list of 731 manuscripts.
The main manuscript discoveries in modern times are those of the Cairo Geniza (c. 1890) and the Dead Sea Scrolls (1947).
In the old synagogue in Cairo were discovered 260.000 Hebrew manuscripts, 10.000 of them are biblical manuscripts.
There are more than 200 biblical manuscripts among the Dead Sea Scrolls, some of them were written in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet.
They were written before the year 70 AD.
14 scroll manuscripts were discovered in Masada in 1963–1965.
The largest organized collection of Hebrew Old Testament manuscripts in the world is housed in the Russian National Library ("Second Firkovitch Collection") in Saint Petersburg.
Codex Leningradensis is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew.
Manuscripts earlier than the 13th century are very rare.
The majority of the manuscripts have survived in a fragmentary condition.
Question: How many primary airports existed in Italy in 2004?
About the article "Italy", section "Infrastructure".

Candidate passages:
The old ATO system divided airports into five classifications under two broad categories: international and domestic airports.
These two broad categories were further divided into the following airport types: Primary international airports are the primary international gateways into the Philippines.
Secondary international airports are airports that are capable of handling international flights but are not designated as primary international gateways.
These airports may or may not service actual international flights and may or may not have active customs and immigration facilities.
Trunkline airports or major commercial domestic airports are domestic airports in major cities around the Philippines that are capable of supporting large aircraft.
These are, in most cases, the only domestic airports with an instrument landing system.
Secondary airports or minor commercial domestic airports are domestic airports in smaller cities and municipalities usually capable of handling smaller propeller aircraft.
Some airports in this classification are capable of supporting jet aircraft.
However, these airports are only open from sunrise until sunset, usually requiring notification of airport authorities if nighttime landing is a necessity.
Feeder airports are domestic airports capable only of handling small propeller aircraft.
Many of these airports are small airstrips serving far-flung islands.  
This is a list of the top ten busiest airports in Italy in 2009.  
Footnotes: 
This is a list of airports in Italy, grouped by region and sorted by location.