community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: How does the skirt steaks cuisine prepared?
About the article "Steak", section "Skirt steak".

Candidate passages:
A skirt steak is a part of the plate (situated at the cow's abdomen), the steak is long, thick and tender and it is usually priced by its flavour rather than the tenderness because its flavour is better than its tenderness.
Skirt steaks are not to be confused with flank steaks because they are near the sirloin and shank.
Skirt steaks are used in many international cuisines: Mexican cuisine use this steak for fajitas and arrachera.
In the United Kingdom it is often used as filling for Cornish pasties as well as vegetables such as carrot and potato.
In Chinese cuisine it is used for stir-fries, in Spanish cuisine the steak is made for churrasco and Italian cuisine use skirt steak for making bolognese sauce as well as with tomatoes.
Texas Steakhouse & Saloon serves Texas-style cuisine, notably steaks, ribs and seafood which are prepared over live mesquite grills.
The Texas Steakhouse menu also includes burgers, salads and classic southern-style foods such as chicken fried chicken.
All Texas Steakhouse steaks are USDA Choice grade and aged for a minimum of 21 days. 
The outside skirt steak is the trimmed, boneless portion of the diaphragm muscle attached to the 6th through 12th ribs on the underside of the short plate.
This steak is covered in a tough membrane that should be removed before cooking.
The inside skirt steak is a boneless portion of the flank trimmed free of fat and membranes.
In the United States, the NAMP (North American Meat Processors Association) classifies all skirts steaks NAMP 121.
NAMP 121 is further subdivided into the outer (outside) skirt steak (NAMP 121C) and the inner (inside) skirt steak (NAMP 121D).
The Beef Flank Steak (NAMP 193) is adjacent to the skirt nearer the animal's rear quarter. 
Skirt steak is the cut of choice for making fajitas, Mexican "arrachera", Cornish pasties, Chinese stir-fry, churrasco, and Bolognese sauce.
To minimize toughness and add flavor skirt steaks are often marinated before grilling or pan-searing very quickly, or cooked very slowly, typically braised.
They are typically sliced against the grain before serving to maximize tenderness. 
Texas Roadhouse serves American Cuisine, including steak, ribs, chicken, and seafood.
Their main suppliers are Tyson Foods and Smithfield Foods.
The chain boasts several cooking championships across the country with their ribs and steaks.
The menu follows a theme of mushrooms, cheese, and barbecue.
Everything on the menu is made from scratch, with the exception of children's menu items Kraft Macaroni & Cheese and hot dogs.
This includes the salads and dressings, (the only dressing not made from scratch is fat-free ranch) sauces and side dishes.
Their steaks are hand-cut (with the exception of the T-bone steaks, which are cut off-site and vacu-packed) and are never frozen.
Their slogan is "Legendary Food, Legendary Service".
Their mascot is an armadillo named Andy.
Question: What are ADCs?
About the article "Chemotherapy", section "Antibody-drug conjugates".

Candidate passages:
The majority of the ADCs currently under development or in clinical trials are for oncological and hematological indications.
This is primarily driven by the availability of monoclonal antibodies targeting various types of cancer.
However, some drug developers are also looking to expanding the application of ADCs beyond oncology and hematology to other important disease areas.
At this time, these ADCs are only in initial drug discovery or preclinical stage of development. 
Deputy commissioner (DC) is at the top of the office.
There are more than one additional deputy commissioners (ADCs) at an office to give the hand to the deputy commissioner.
In many districts, there are five to six ADCs.
But in Rangamati Hill District, there are three ADCs, namely: ADC (General), ADC(Revenue) and additional district magistrate (ADM).
Assistant commissioners (AC) work under the direct supervision of the deputy commissioner and additional deputy commissioners, who are in charge of various sections of the office.
A senior AC plays the role of Nezarat Deputy Collector (NDC).
In every section there is clerk, MLSS, bearers etc.
Senior clerk is known as the head assistant of the section. 
The DNA modifying agents such as duocarmycin are being used in the development of antibody-drug conjugate or ADCs.
Scientists at The Netherlands based Synthon (formerly Syntarga) have combined a unique linkers with duocarmycin derivatives that have a hydroxyl group which is crucial for biological activity.
Using this technology scientists aims to create ADCs having an optimal therapeutic window, balancing the effect of potent cell-killing agents on tumor cells versus healthy cells. 
To realize the generic concept of COMPASS-2 the ADCS team has to develop all actuators, becauseof the low volume budgets given by the CubeSat standards the actuators have to be miniaturized.
The following actuators are developed to get implemented on the COMPASS-2 Triple-CubeSat: 
The LPC2100 series are based on the ARM7TDMI-S processor core.
The LPC2141, LPC2142, LPC2144, LPC2146, and LPC2148 are full-speed USB 2.0 devices in LQFP64 packages.
Multiple peripherals are supported including one or two 10-bit ADCs and an optional 10-bit DAC.
Question: How many airports are in Japan?
About the article "Japan", section "Infrastructure".

Candidate passages:
Three major airports serve the Inland Empire: Ontario, Palm Springs, and San Bernardino.
However there are many general aviation airports across the region. 
Houston, Texas has many airports because it is the 4th biggest city in the United States.
Here are some of the airports:__TOC__ 
All airports feature scheduled services.
International airports are marked in bold. 
The old ATO system divided airports into five classifications under two broad categories: international and domestic airports.
These two broad categories were further divided into the following airport types: Primary international airports are the primary international gateways into the Philippines.
Secondary international airports are airports that are capable of handling international flights but are not designated as primary international gateways.
These airports may or may not service actual international flights and may or may not have active customs and immigration facilities.
Trunkline airports or major commercial domestic airports are domestic airports in major cities around the Philippines that are capable of supporting large aircraft.
These are, in most cases, the only domestic airports with an instrument landing system.
Secondary airports or minor commercial domestic airports are domestic airports in smaller cities and municipalities usually capable of handling smaller propeller aircraft.
Some airports in this classification are capable of supporting jet aircraft.
However, these airports are only open from sunrise until sunset, usually requiring notification of airport authorities if nighttime landing is a necessity.
Feeder airports are domestic airports capable only of handling small propeller aircraft.
Many of these airports are small airstrips serving far-flung islands.  
In European countries, regional airports are often classed as airports that don't serve the country's capital/most major city.
Examples of larger regional airports include Barcelona El Prat Airport, Spain and Manchester Airport, England, which are both among Europe's busiest airports and are used by both large and small planes.
In countries like France, Germany, and Sweden, a regional airport is an airport for small planes, even though they go to the national hub, just like flights from larger airports.
Examples of small regional airports include Coventry Airport and Worship Airport.
In northern Norway, a country with long distances and many short-runway airports, regional airports are those with flights to a regional hub, not to the capital.
Question: In 2008 what was the population of Brazil?
About the article "Brazil", section "Demographics".

Candidate passages:
Populina is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.
The population in 2008 was 4,275 and the area is 315.432 km².
The elevation is 443 m. 
Apucarana is a municipality in the state of Paraná in Brazil.
The municipality covers at an elevation of above mean sea level.
Its 2008 population was estimated as 120,133. 
Santa Filomena is a city in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.
The population in 2008, according with IBGE was 14.694 inhabitants and the total area is 1005.06 km². 
Mucuri is a city in the state of Bahia in Brazil.
The estimated population in 2008 was 34,836 inhabitants.
It is the southernmost city in Bahia, and the only one from that state to border Espírito Santo. 
São Thomé das Letras is a small town in the south-end of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil, 35 km east of Três Corações city.
Its population in 2008 was of 6,880 inhabitants.
Question: Where does the name "marathon" come from?
About the article "Marathon", section "Origin".

Candidate passages:
Columbus remains one of the top marathons to qualify runners for the Boston Marathon.
The Columbus Marathon has had an impact on Columbus and throughout Central OhioMore than 250,000 runners have come from 37 countries and all 50 states to participate in the Columbus Marathon.
The Columbus Marathon is also one of the last qualifying marathons before registration opens for the Boston Marathon. 
Kibet was born in Kaplelach village, Moiben division, Uasin Gishu District.
Famed Kenyan runners Samson Kitur and Noah Ngeny come from the same area.
Kibet took up running in 1996, aged 13, impressed by the Kenyan performances at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
He went to Moiben Secondary School from 1997 to 2000 and then joined Kenya Prisons Service.
Kibet originally specialized in the steeplechase, his personal best being 8:25.4 minutes.
In 2003, he won the Tilburg Ten Miles race in Tilburg, Netherlands.
He ran his first half marathon in 2003, finishing fourth in the City-Pier-City Loop in Den Haag.
He took up the marathon in 2004 and reached the international level in this event.
Kibet entered his first marathon, 2004 Enschede Marathon, as a pacemaker, but finished the race at 2nd position timing 2:11:06.
He finished second also at the 2004 Frankfurt Marathon.
He also won a 25-km race in Berlin that year.
Kibet won Taipei Marathon in 2005 and 2006.
His personal best time is 2:08:52 hours, achieved in October 2005 in Eindhoven where he finished third.
In the half marathon his personal best time is 1:00:43 hours, achieved in September 2006 in Rotterdam Half Marathon, where he finished sixth. 
Race organizers announced that for the 2007 event, the race would officially revert to its original name, the Madison Marathon from Mad City Marathon.
The top male finisher was Ricky Reusser, a University of Michigan Aerospace Engineering Graduate Student. 
The World Marathon Cup (full name IAAF World Marathon Cup) is an international event organized by International Association of Athletics Federations every two years.
From 1997 is incorporated with IAAF World Championships in Athletics. 
The table does not include the Jive Marathon scores.
Question: The individual nicknamed "Big Juice" was in charge of what aspect of the production?
About the article "Where Have You Been", section "Credits and personnel".

Candidate passages:
Is in charge of balancing the Warehouse books.
She keeps tracks of all the receipts for every production, and makes sure that the shows do not go over budget.
She is also in charge of the financial aspect of any event.
She also serves as the secretary and takes, types and distributes notes and records of what happens at each of the Warehouse meetings.
She is also in charge of making the monthly newsletter. 
Juice Leskinen & Coitus Int is the debut album of the Finnish rock band of the same name, led by Juice Leskinen.
It was released in 1973. 
In addition, Jeremy Camp was asked the question in the same interview with "Worship Leader" that "In terms of production, what did you feel was most importantly communicated in the album?
What aspect did you want to stand out the most?"
Principal photography.
"The Hunt for Gollum" had a shooting budget of less than £3,000.
Location filming took place in North Wales, Epping Forest and Hampstead Heath.
160 people volunteered as crew members for the production.
The production design was based on Peter Jackson's "Lord of the Rings" films.
Director Chris Bouchard said, "Peter Jackson's individual look was a big inspiration, it's been an adventure for us to play in that world that he created."
The film's most difficult production aspect was the title character. 
The film was the first big-budget Russian supernatural movie and one of the first blockbusters made after the collapse of the Soviet film industry.
The film was produced by Channel One, the government-owned TV channel, with a budget of US$4.2 million.
It was shot in a 1.85:1 aspect ratio.
Part of the challenge for such a big-budget fantasy film was creating hundreds of visual effects (VFX) shots to which a modern audience is accustomed.
16 Russian VFX studios and several freelancers were used, each chosen for their individual strengths.
Many shots were created by different artists across different time zones, using the Internet to share data and images.
Question: What was the estimated total of casualties?
About the article "Battle of Moscow", section "Casualties".

Candidate passages:
Most of the victims could be counted in Cilicia, as well as the Eastern zone, and without ignoring Smyrna (İzmir) during what was reported as massacres and what followed with the burning of the Armenian and Greek quarters of the city (see Great Fire of Smyrna).
While the total of casualties in this category is estimated to tens of thousands to over hundred of thousand, the number of victims is not well established. 
The number of fatalities in the 1918-1919 war was hundreds of killed and thousands of injured.
The actual total number of fatalities is estimated at least 1,392. 
In 1937 the British Official Historians gave casualties from as and a similar number of German casualties.
Total casualties since 21 March were British: and German: In 1978 Middlebrook wrote of casualties, and Middlebrook estimated French casualties as German as wounded.
In 2002 Marix Evans recorded casualties and the loss of British losses of and and French losses of and twelve guns.
In 2006 Zabecki gave and casualties. 
The total casualties of this battle was 3,000 on Adilshahi side and 300 on Maratha side. 
The total number of casualties of the fire has been estimated at 97, mostly by burns.
Most of the victims were burned beyond recognition.
Of the recognizable casualties, one was found in a bathroom, three were found in a lounge by the casino, another three were found in an elevator and one other was found in a fourth floor room.
Question: What is the number of Japanese sites on the UNESCO world heritage list?
About the article "Japan", section "Culture".

Candidate passages:
Italy has the greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the world, with 49.
This article lists the 49 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy, ordered by when they were added to the list. 
There are 38 official UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Germany: 36 cultural sites and two natural sites.
Germany ratified the World Heritage Convention on 23 August 1976. 
This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on September 24, 1998, in the Cultural category.
(see List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan) 
UNESCO has included up until now, 7 sites in Romania on the list of World Heritage Sites. 
Due to a high number of endemic species and genera (400 known endemic species) and an exceptional range of habitats, Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's tentative list for future UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Question: What year was the National Autonomous University of Mexico founded?
About the article "Mexico", section "Science and technology".

Candidate passages:
Unlike in the United States, in Mexico actuarial training consists of a full four or five-year licenciatura (bachelor) degree course.
Only a few universities in the country offer the degree; some of them are the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Autonomous University of Yucatán (UADY), Universidad de las Americas Puebla (UDLAP), Universidad Anahuac, Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico (ITAM), Autonomous University of Guadalajara (UAG), and Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL). 
  National Autonomous University of Mexico  National Polytechnic Institute  
Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos (CUEC) was founded in 1963 as part of the National Autonomous University of Mexico.
It was influenced by the "Nouvelle Vague" and by the First Contest of Experimental Film organized in Mexico that year.
In 42 years, CUEC has had as students several of the main Mexican filmmakers.CUEC produces almost 100 short films a year, many showing at international festivals. 
 Salvador Zubirán, rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, founder of the National Nutritional Institute.  
The Mexican Law Review is a biannual peer reviewed law journal published by the Institute for Legal Research () of the National Autonomous University of Mexico ().
It was established in 2008 and the editor-in-chief is John M. Ackerman (National Autonomous University of Mexico).
Question: "Made fast" or "belayed refer to what?
About the article "Sailing", section "Other terms".

Candidate passages:
Walls are called "bulkheads" or "ceilings", while the surfaces referred to as ceilings on land are called 'overheads'or 'deckheads'.
Floors are called 'soles' or "decks".
"Broken up" was the fate of a ship that hit a "rocky point" or was simply no longer wanted.
The toilet is traditionally called the 'head', the kitchen is the "galley".
When lines are tied off, this may be referred to as 'made fast' or 'belayed.'
Sails in different sail plans have unchanging names, however.
For the naming of sails, see sail-plan.
Fastlane or fast lane may refer to: 
Fast may refer to: 
Made or MADE may refer to: 
This event involves a harnessed and belayed climber getting to the top of a featureless pole as quickly as possible.
The pole is typically the size of a standard telephone pole, and the climber wears home made spikes in order to make rapid upward progress.
Question: Who succeeded Frei Ruiz-Tagle?
About the article "Chile", section "21st century".

Candidate passages:
  Eduardo Frei Montalva  Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle  
 Alexander Frei, Swiss football player Arturo Frei, Chilean politician Carl Frei, German organ builder Carmen Frei, Chilean politician Christian Frei, Swiss filmmaker Eduardo Frei Montalva, president of Chile Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, president of Chile Emil Frei, an American physician and oncologist Fabian Frei, Swiss football player Hans Wilhelm Frei, theologian Heinz Frei, a Swiss wheelchair athlete Jerry Frei, basketball coach Karl Frei, a Swiss gymnast and Olympic Champion Kerim Frei, Turkish-Swiss football player Matt Frei, television journalist Peter Frei, a Swiss former alpine skier who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics Sandra Frei, a Swiss snowboarder Stefan Frei, Swiss football player Tanya Frei, a Swiss curler and Olympic medalist Thomas Frei, Swiss bicycle racer Thomas Frei (biathlete), a Swiss biathlete Wilhelm Siegmund Frei, medical researcher  
Tagle may refer to: Luis Sánchez de Tagle, 1st Marquis of Altamira (1642 - ????)
The Frei family of Chile is formed by the descendants of Swiss Eduardo Frei Schlinz and Chilean Victoria Montalva Martínez.
It became politically influential during the 20th century, and has played and still plays a significant role in Chilean politics.
Its most prominent members are:  Eduardo Frei Montalva (1911–1982), President of Chile 1964-1970, his wife María Ruiz-Tagle Jiménez, and their children Irene, Carmen, Isabel Margarita, Mónica, Eduardo, Jorge and Francisco Javier Frei Ruiz-Tagle.
Among them  * Carmen Frei Ruiz-Tagle (b.
1938), Chilean politician, former senator * Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (b.
1942), President of Chile 1994–2000, his wife Marta Larraechea Bolívar, and their children Verónica, Cecilia, Magdalena and Catalina Frei Larraechea.
Irene Frei Montalva (1916-1964)  Arturo Frei Bolívar (born 1939), nephew of Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chilean politician, presidential candidate in 1999, former senator.  
 Michelle Bachelet Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle Sebastián Piñera Salvador Allende Augusto Pinochet Alejandrina Cox
Question: How long are orbital cycles?
About the article "Global warming", section "Initial causes of temperature changes (external forcings)".

Candidate passages:
al period.
The orbital period is simply how long an orbiting body takes to complete one orbit. 
Orbital Monsoon Hypothesis.
The idea that changes in insolation caused by shifts the Earth’s orbital parameters are a controlling factor for the long term variations in the strength of monsoon patterns across the globe was first suggested by Rudolf Spitaler in the late nineteenth century, The hypothesis was later formally proposed and tested by the meteorologist John Kutzbach in 1981.
Kutzbach’s ideas about the impacts of insolation on global monsoonal patterns have become widely accepted today as the underlying driver of long term monsoonal cycles.
Kutzbach never formally named his hypothesis and as such it is referred to here as the "Orbital Monsoon Hypothesis" as suggested by Ruddiman in 2001. 
Because the observed periodicities of climate fit so well with the orbital periods, the orbital theory has overwhelming support.
Nonetheless, there are several difficulties in reconciling theory with observations. 
Controlling Factors.
Short term (104 to 106 years).
Geologically short-term (<120,000 year) temperatures are believed to be driven by orbital factors (see Milankovitch cycles) amplified by changes in greenhouse gases.
The arrangements of land masses on the Earth's surface are believed to influence the effectiveness of these orbital forcing effects. 
Stock market cycles are the long-term price patterns of the stock market.