community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Question: How much revenue was generated by South Park merchandise in its first season?
About the article "South Park", section "Merchandising".

Candidate passages:
On Metacritic, a site which uses a weighted mean score, the season scored a 79/100 from six critics, translating to "generally favorable reviews."
However, the show was controversial from its beginning.
The rebellious lead character at the time, Bart, frequently received no punishment for his misbehavior, which led some parents to characterize him as a poor role model for children.
Several US public schools even banned "The Simpsons" merchandise and t-shirts, such as one featuring Bart and the caption "Underachiever ('And proud of it, man!')".
Despite the ban, "The Simpsons" merchandise sold well and generated US$2 billion in revenue during the first 14 months of sales. 
The characters of "South Park" have spawned several merchandise items, varying from toys to apparel items.
In 2004, the first action figure collection was released by Mirage Toys containing five series each with four characters.
In 2006, Mezco toys released a second collection containing a total of six series, each containing six or four figures.
Comedy Central itself has made available a variety of products through its website, including t-shirts, figures, hats, pants, and even shot glasses.
A number of fan websites provides an even more extended amount of merchandise, ranging from posters, to magnets, ties and even skateboards, South Park Studios offer through their website the possibility of creating personalized South Park avatars.
Similar possibilities have been available on multiple fan sites. 
The dominance of "American Idol" in the ratings has made it the most profitable show in U.S. TV for many years.
The show was estimated to generate $900 million for the year 2004 through sales of TV ads, albums, merchandise and concert tickets.
By season seven, the show was estimated to earn around $900 million from its ad revenue alone, not including ancillary sponsorship deals and other income.
One estimate puts the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American at $6.4 billion.
Sponsors that bought fully integrated packages can expect a variety of promotions of their products on the show, such as product placement, adverts and product promotion integrated into the show, and various promotional opportunities.
Other off-air promotional partners pay for the rights to feature "Idol" branding on their packaging, products and marketing programs.
"American Idol" also partnered with Disney in its theme park attraction The American Idol Experience. 
Lerappa was intended as an advertising experiment more than a vehicle for electronic commerce.
In its first ten days of operation it generated approximately as much revenue as a typical retail location's daily sales. 
Box office.
My Brother's Wedding generated $4,294 in revenue during its first weekend on September 16, 2007.
The film was screened in only one theater in the U.S.
The film went on to earn gross revenue of $8,217.
Question: What kind of RNAs do animals have?
About the article "RNA", section "Regulatory RNAs".

Candidate passages:
In molecular biology, cia-dependent small RNAs (csRNAs) are small RNAs produced by "Streptococci".
These RNAs are part of the regulon of the CiaRH two-component regulatory system.
Two of these RNAs, csRNA4 and csRNA5, have been shown to affect stationary-phase autolysis. 
The "psaA" RNA motif describes a class of RNAs with a common secondary structure.
"psaA" RNAs are exclusively found in locations that presumably correspond to the 5' untranslated regions of operons formed of "psaA" and "psaB" genes.
For this reason, it was hypothesized that "psaA" RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements of these genes.
The "psaAB" genes encode proteins that form subunits in the photosystem I structure used for photosynthesis.
"psaA" RNAs have been detected only in cyanobacteria, which is consistent with their association with photosynthesis.
"psaAB" genes are known to be regulated in species of cyanobacteria that do not use "psaA" RNAs, and this system of regulation involves transcription factor proteins.
In this system, the expression of "psaAB" genes is increased when cells are growing with limited amount of light, presumably to maximize their energy from the limited resource.
On the other hand, the genes' expression is reduced when light levels are high, presumable to reduce damage that can be caused by free radicals that are a byproduct of photosynthesis.
A region of the "psaA" RNA motif corresponds to the expected sequence of a binding site of the NtcA protein, which is involved in nitrogen regulation.
Structurally, the "psaA" RNA motif consists of a somewhat complex arrangement of stems resulting from base pairing, and many stem-loops are terminated by the stable UNCG tetraloop.
Most of the conserved nucleotides in the motif participate in standard Watson-Crick base pairs.
However, since the precise function of "psaA" RNAs is unknown, it is also unknown what biochemical role these features play. 
The Termite-"flg" RNA motif (also called tg-flg) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.
Genomic sequences corresponding to Termite-"flg" RNAs have been identified only in uncultivated bacteria present in the termite hindgut.
As of 2010 it has not been identified in the DNA of any cultivated species, and is thus an example of RNAs present in environmental samples.
Termite-"flg" RNAs are consistently located in what is presumed to be the 5' untranslated regions of genes that encode proteins whose functions relate to flagella.
The RNAs are hypothesized to regulate these genes in an unknown mechanism. 
In molecular biology, Cyanobacterial non-coding RNAs are non-coding RNAs which have been identified in species of cyanobacteria.
Large scale screens have identified 21 Yfr (cYanobacterial functional RNAs) in the marine cyanobacterium "Prochlorococcus" and related species such as "Synechococcus".
These include the Yfr1 and Yfr2 RNAs.
In "Prochlorococcus" and "Synechocystis", non-coding RNAs have been shown to regulate gene expression. 
  (RNAS Culdrose, Cornwall)  (RNAS Prestwick, South Ayrshire)  (RNAS Yeovilton, Somerset)
Question: What began in 1891?
About the article "Cycling", section "Bicycle Touring".

Candidate passages:
Events from 1891 in Scotland 
 1891 British Home Championship (March 28 – April 6, 1891)  
  Dutch general election, 1891  Norwegian parliamentary election, 1891  
Events in the year 1891 in Norway. 
Events in the year 1891 in Germany.
Question: Who plays Guido Orefice in "Life Is Beautiful"?
About the article "Life Is Beautiful", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Life Is Beautiful () is a 1997 Italian comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni.
Benigni plays Guido Orefice, a Jewish Italian book shop owner, who must employ his fertile imagination to shield his son from the horrors of internment in a Nazi concentration camp.
Part of the film came from Benigni's own family history; before Roberto's birth, his father had survived three years of internment at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
The film was a critical and financial success, winning Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 71st Academy Awards as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Life is Beautiful is the original soundtrack album, on the Virgin Records America label, of the 1997 Academy Award-winning film "Life is Beautiful" (original title: La vita è bella), starring Roberto Benigni (who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as "Guido Orefice" in this film), Nicoletta Braschi and Giustino Durano.
The original score was composed by Nicola Piovani, with the exception of a classical piece which figures prominently: the "Barcarolle" by Jacques Offenbach.
The album won the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and was nominated for a Grammy Award: "Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media", but lost to the score of "A Bug's Life". 
 Roberto Benigni - "La vita è bella (Life Is Beautiful)" as Guido Orefice Joseph Fiennes - "Shakespeare in Love" as William Shakespeare  Tom Hanks - "Saving Private Ryan" as Cpt.
John H. Miller Ian McKellen - "Gods and Monsters" as James Whale Nick Nolte - "Affliction" as Wade Whitehouse  
  Roberto Benigni as Guido Orefice  Nicoletta Braschi as Dora  Giorgio Cantarini as Joshua  Giustino Durano as Uncle Eliseo  Horst Buchholz as Doctor Lessing  Marisa Paredes as Dora's mother  Sergio Bustric as Ferruccio  Amerigo Fontani as Rodolfo  
Giustino Durano (May 5, 1923 in Brindisi, Italy - February 18, 2002 in Bologna, Italy) was a long lasting movie actor who is best known for his work as Eliseo Orefice in the 1997 film, "Life Is Beautiful."
For his role he was nominated in part for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast
Question: Did it rank of Rolling Stones' 50 best songs of 2012?
About the article "Gangnam Style", section "Song".

Candidate passages:
  The Rolling Stones - Brown Sugar (1971)  The Rolling Stones - Tumbling Dice (1972)  The Rolling Stones - Happy (1972)  The Rolling Stones - Angie (1973)  The Rolling Stones - Heartbreaker (1974)  The Rolling Stones - It's Only Rock & Roll (But I Like It) (1974)  The Rolling Stones - Ain't Too Proud to Beg (1974)  The Rolling Stones - Fool to Cry (1976)  The Rolling Stones montage from their best selling LP's  
  1989: "Steel Wheels Tour" - The Rolling Stones  1994: "Voodoo Lounge Tour" - The Rolling Stones  1997: "Bridges to Babylon Tour" - The Rolling Stones  1999: "No Security Tour" - The Rolling Stones  2003: "A Twist of Motown"- Various Artists  2000: "Twenty Four Seven Tour" - Tina Turner  2002: "Licks Tour" - The Rolling Stones  2005: "A Bigger Bang Tour" - The Rolling Stones  2008: " - Tina Turner  Every Luther Vandross tour until his death including "Luther, Live!".
2011: "Chris Botti Tour 2011"  2012: "50 and Counting Tour" - The Rolling Stones  2013: "Tension 2013" - Nine Inch Nails  2013: "Hyde Park" - The Rolling Stones  
Complex named the song #30 on the 50 best songs of 2012 list.
Rolling Stone named the song #27 on their 50 best songs of 2012 list.
BET named the song the No.
35 music video of 2012 on their year-end "Notarized" countdown. 
"Rolling Stone" ranked the song at number 65 on their list of the 100 best songs of 2013.
"NME" positioned it at number 18 on their list of the 50 best songs of 2013. 
Rolling Stone named the song the 34th best song of 2012.
"XXL" named it one of the top five hip hop songs of 2012.
Question: How long is the Grand Canyon Ultra Marathon?
About the article "Grand Canyon", section "Activities".

Candidate passages:
Other desert marathons include the world famous Marathon Des Sables or MdS, a race through the Sahara desert over six days, covering more than five marathons.
Marathon Des Sables.
A new 126 km ultra marathon is following the Namibian Ultra Marathon format and is launching in 2011, Grand Canyon 24h Ultra. 
The Grand Canyon 24 hour Ultra Marathon is a 24 hour ultramarathon that takes the participants through one of the most striking environments on earth, the Grand Canyon.
The race took place for the first time in October, 2010.
The race takes participants out on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, the much less visited area of the Canyon.
The race is a race in 24 hours, similar to the Namibian ultra marathon.
The runners are self reliant during the race and have to carry all food and water with them.
There are water stations during the route where water can be filled up.
The distance is the same as three standard marathons.  
Pilar Geijo (born 19 September 1984 in Buenos Aires) is a Marathon swimmer from Argentina.
She has won most of the world's greatest ultra-marathon swimming competitions: the 2010 Traversée Internationale du Lac Memphrémagog (34K event), the 2011 Maratona del Golfo Capri Napoli Marathon (36K), the 2010 16K FINA Open Water Swimming Grand Prix in Sumidero Canyon in Mexico, and the longest race in the world, the 88K Hernandarias-Parana FINA Grand Prix event (88K) in Argentina.
She has won the FINA Grand Prix circuit in 2010 and 2011. 
The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is the first large canyon on the Yellowstone River downstream from Yellowstone Falls in Yellowstone National Park.
The canyon is approximately long, between deep and from wide. 
The Biel Running Days ( ) takes place in June in Biel/Bienne, Switzerland.
Various long-distance track events are involved.
The most well known of these is the 100 km Ultra marathon which began in 1959 and is one of the biggest and oldest of its kind (only a 1x100 km loop).
You can do the run alone, as a couple or in a Team of 5.
The Ultra marathon is also a part of the European Ultramarathon Cup.
Along with the 100 km Ultra marathon there are a night marathon and a half marathon taking place.
Question: How many artworks has Picasso made?
About the article "Pablo Picasso", section "Style and technique".

Candidate passages:
Hakone Open-Air Museum (箱根 彫刻の森美術館, "Hakone Choukoku no Mori Bijutsukan") is Japan's first open-air museum, opened in 1969 in Hakone in Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
It has collections of artworks made by Picasso, Henry Moore, Churyo Sato and many others, featuring over a 1000 sculptures and works of art.
The museum is affiliated with the Fujisankei Communications Group media conglomerate. 
The Picasso Museum has carried out dozens of exhibitions since it opened.
Often, these exposures are related to the figure of the painter or topics related to their environment, trying to research and review the work and studies of the painter from Málaga.
We have also held exhibitions on the relationship between Picasso and other artists as Picasso vs. Rusiñol held in 2010.
Sometimes also organized a traveling exhibition, and Bullfighting.
Paintings, drawings and prints in the collection of the Museu Picasso which could be seen at the Casa Lis in Salamanca in 2010.
Also made small exhibition focused on one topic, called displays, such as analyzing the painting Science and Charity, the results of studies showing radiographic and reflectologia or another that analyzes a statement that was made about Picasso in Barcelona 1936, Room Esteva.
Picasso Exhibition, 1936.
The Museu Picasso frequently hosts special exhibitions presenting artworks by Picasso and other artists.
From time to time, the museum also organizes seminars and lectures on subjects related to Picasso or on museological issues of interest given by specialists from throughout the world.
Question: The king revised the constitution because of the persuasion of who?
About the article "Balkan Wars", section "Reaction in the Balkan States".

Candidate passages:
  October 7, 1840 – Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
November 3, 1848 – A greatly revised Dutch constitution is proclaimed.  
The Constitution of 1975 has been revised three times: in 1986, in 2001 and in 2008. 
The cognitive response model of persuasion locates the most direct cause of persuasion in the self-talk of the persuasion target, rather than the content of the message.
Anthony Greenwald first proposed the theory in 1968. 
 Liberal monarchical constitution – Adopted 6 October, 1789, accepted by the King 14 July, 1790.
The Constitution of 1791 or Constitution of 3 September, 1791 – Establishes a limited monarchy and the Legislative Assembly.
The Constitution of 1793, Constitution of 24 June, 1793 ("Acte constitutionnel du 24 juin 1793", or Montagnard Constitution ("Constitution montagnarde") – Ratified, but never applied, due to the suspension of all ordinary legality 10 October, 1793.
The Constitution of 1795, Constitution of 22 August, 1795, Constitution of the Year III, or Constitution of 5 Fructidor – Establishes the Directory.
The Constitution of the Year VIII – Adopted 24 December, 1799, establishes the Consulate.
The Constitution of the Year X – Establishes a revised Consulate, with Napoleon as First Consul for Life.
The Constitution of the Year XII – Establishes Bonaparte's First Empire.  
Power of Persuasion is an original novel based on the U.S. television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer".
Question: Who played drums on the Beatles "I Want to Hold Your Hand'?
About the article "I Want to Hold Your Hand", section "Personnel".

Candidate passages:
  "Help!"
(The Beatles cover)  "Can't Buy Me Love" (The Beatles cover)  "We Can Work It Out" (The Beatles cover)  "Revolution" (The Beatles cover)  "A Hard Day's Night" (The Beatles cover)  "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (The Beatles cover)  "Elevate"  
 British LP: "Please Please Me" British EP: "The Beatles (No.
1)" American LP: "Introducing...
The Beatles" American Single: "I Want to Hold Your Hand" American LP: "Meet The Beatles!"
  The Beatles - "She Loves You"  The Beatles - "I Want to Hold Your Hand"  The Swinging Blue Jeans - "Hippy Hippy Shake"  Wenche Myhre - "La meg være ung"  Jim Reeves - "I Love You Because"  The Beatles - "A Hard Day's Night"  Jim Reeves - "I Won't Forget You"  The Beatles - "I Should Have Known Better"  Roy Orbison - "Oh Pretty Woman"  The Beatles - "If I Fell"  The Beatles - "I Feel Fine"  
  The Beatles with Tony Sheridan - My Bonnie (Lies Over the Ocean) (1964)  The Beatles - My Bonnie (1961)  The Beatles - Ain't She Sweet (1964)  The Beatles - Love Me Do (1964)  The Beatles - Please Please Me (1964)  The Beatles - I Want To Hold Your Hand (1964)  The Beatles - I Saw Her Standing There (1964)  The Beatles - This Boy (1964)  The Beatles - All My Loving (1964)  The Beatles - She Loves You (1964)  The Beatles - Can't Buy Me Love (1964)  The Beatles - Twist and Shout (1964)  The Beatles - Do You Want to Know a Secret (1964)  The Beatles - P.S.
I Love You (1964)  The Beatles - A Hard Day's Night (1964)  The Beatles - And I Love Her (1964)  The Beatles - She's a Woman (1964)  
The Baroque Beatles Book is a record album created by the American keyboardist and conductor Joshua Rifkin.
Released by Elektra/Nonesuch in 1965, it takes musical themes of The Beatles and reworks them into Baroque style.
The artwork on the cover, signed by illustrator Roger Hane, depicts classical composers reviewing the music to "I Want to Hold Your Hand," one of whom sports a Beatles t-shirt.
Question: Who wrote "Principles of Animal Physiology"?
About the article "Physiology", section "Animal physiology".

Candidate passages:
 Hill, R.W., Wyse, G.A., Anderson, M. "Animal Physiology", 3rd ed.
Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 2012.
 Moyes, C.D., Schulte, P.M. "Principles of Animal Physiology", second edition.
Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
Boston, MA, 2008.
 Randall, D., Burggren, W., and French, K. "Eckert Animal Physiology: Mechanism and Adaptation", 5th Edition.
W.H.
Freeman and Company, 2002.
 Schmidt-Nielsen, K. "Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment".
Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
 Withers, P.C.
"Comparative animal physiology".
Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1992.
  "Principles of Physiology"  "Cardiovascular Physiology"  "Case Studies in Physiology."
Physiology studies the mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes of living organisms by attempting to understand how all of the structures function as a whole.
The theme of "structure to function" is central to biology.
Physiological studies have traditionally been divided into plant physiology and animal physiology, but some principles of physiology are universal, no matter what particular organism is being studied.
For example, what is learned about the physiology of yeast cells can also apply to human cells.
The field of animal physiology extends the tools and methods of human physiology to non-human species.
Physiology studies how for example nervous, immune, endocrine, respiratory, and circulatory systems, function and interact. 
Physiology studies the mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes of living organisms by attempting to understand how all of the structures function as a whole.
The theme of "structure to function" is central to biology.
Physiological studies have traditionally been divided into plant physiology and animal physiology, but some principles of physiology are universal, no matter what particular organism is being studied.
For example, what is learned about the physiology of yeast cells can also apply to human cells.
The field of animal physiology extends the tools and methods of human physiology to non-human species.
Plant physiology borrows techniques from both research fields.
Physiology studies how for example nervous, immune, endocrine, respiratory, and circulatory systems, function and interact.
The study of these systems is shared with medically oriented disciplines such as neurology and immunology. 
  American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology  Annual Review of Physiology  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology  Integrative and Comparative Biology  Journal of Comparative Physiology  Journal of Experimental Biology  Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
Question: What is juice?
About the article "Juice", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Carrot juice is juice produced from carrots. 
Juice=Juice, pronounced "Juice Juice", is a Japanese girl group, formed in 2013.
It is positioned as a unit formed of trainee members of Hello!
Project. 
Pixel Juice is a collection of fifty short stories. 
What is wine?What is wine made of?Wine includes the following ingredients:  Ethanol – the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid.
It is also a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs.
Fermented grape juice – what wine is made from * Fermentation – catalyst function that turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage.
During fermentation yeast interact with sugars in the juice to create ethanol, commonly known as ethyl alcohol.
* Grape – non-climacteric fruit that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis.
Grapes can be eaten raw or used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, and grape seed oil.
* Juice – the liquid that is naturally contained in fruit or vegetable tissue.  
The group consists of five members.
Each member's image is represented by a fruit.
Question: Who directed Jiro Dreams of Sushi?
About the article "Jiro Dreams of Sushi", section "Abstract".

Candidate passages:
Jiro Dreams of Sushi is a 2011 American documentary film directed by David Gelb.
The film follows , an 85-year-old sushi master and owner of Sukiyabashi Jiro, a Michelin three-star restaurant, on his continuing quest to perfect the art of sushi.
The film also profiles Jiro's two sons, both of whom are also sushi chefs.
The younger son, Takashi (隆士), left Sukiyabashi Jiro to open a mirror image of his father's restaurant in Roppongi Hills.
The 50-year-old elder son, Yoshikazu (禎一), obligated to succeed his father, still works for Jiro and is faced with the prospect of one day taking over the flagship restaurant.
  Jiro (musician) (born 1972), bassist of the Japanese rock band GLAY  Jiro Aichi (治郎, born 1969), Japanese politician  Jirō Akagawa (次郎, born 1948), Japanese novelist  Jiro Akama (二郎, born 1968), Japanese politician  Jiro Ando (慈朗), Japanese manga artist  Jirō Asada (次郎, born 1951), Japanese novelist  Jiro Bevis (次郎), an English illustrator  Jiro Horikoshi (二郎, 1903–1982), chief engineer behind many Japanese fighters of WWII  Jiro Kamiharako (次郎, born 1966), Japanese ski jumper  Jiro Kikkawa (born 1929), Japanese Australian ornithologist  Jiro Komaki, a Japanese film director  Jiro Manio (born 1992), Filipino actor  Jiro Nakano (二郎, 1902–2000), Japanese composer  Jiro Ono (次郎, born 1953), Japanese politician  Jiro Ono (次郎, born 1925), Japanese sushi master, subject of the 2011 film "Jiro Dreams of Sushi"  Jiro Vasey (治郎), samurai  Jiro Wang (born 1981), Taiwanese actor and singer  
, the film has grossed $2,552,478 in North America. 
Searching for Sugar Man "Bully" "Jiro Dreams of Sushi" "Queen of Versailles"  
The Invisible War "Bully" "Jiro Dreams of Sushi" "The Queen of Versailles" "Samsara"