Question: What year was Buenos Aires' constitution enacted?
About the article "Argentina", section "Independence and civil wars".

Candidate passages:
Jurist Pastor Obligado was elected Governor by the Legislature on June 28, 1853.
He obtained passeage of the Constitution of Buenos Aires on April 12, 1854, and initiated an ambitious public works program, installing the first gas lamps and running water system in the city, and establishing what later became the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires, as well as a network of public primary schools for the largely illiterate population at the time.
The 1854 constitution, drafted by Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield, asserted the sovereignty of Buenos Aires, including its right to engage in its own diplomatic relations, as well as a bicameral legislature and freedom of worship.
Obligado abolished slavery and reformed the practice of emphyteusis, whereupon land could then be sold at a regulated rate of 16,000 silver pesos ("pesos fuerte", nearly at par with the U.S. dollar) per square league (4,428 acres).
He established a national mint under the auspices of the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires, and subsidies for industry and commerce; on August 30, 1857, the recently established Buenos Aires Western Railway inaugurated its first line, designed by British engineer William Bragge.
A census conducted on October 17, 1855, found a population of 248,498 for the State of Buenos Aires, of which 71,438 lived in the capital.
Persistent budget deficits in the Confederation led the Paraná government to establish the Port of Rosario, and to enter into free trade agreements with the Port of Montevideo (to the detriment of Buenos Aires).
Worsening relations led to the re-election of Valentín Alsina as Governor at the end of 1858, and in February 1859, Alsina enacted retaliatory tariffs against Confederate goods.
Tensions culminated in the Battle of Cepeda of October 23, 1859.
Buenos Aires forces, led by General Mitre, were defeated by those led by President Urquiza.
Ordered by Congress in Santa Fe to subjugate Buenos Aires separatists by force, Urquiza instead invited the defeated to join negotiations, though he obtained Alsina's resignation.
These talks resulted in the Pact of San José de Flores of November 11, 1859, which provided for a number of constitutional amendments and led to other concessions, including an extension on the province's customs house concession and measures benefiting the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires, whose currency was authorized for use as legal tender at the port (thereby controlling much of the nation's foreign trade).
Mitre ultimately abrogated the Pact of San José, leading to renewed civil war.
These hostilities culminated in the 1861 Battle of Pavón, and to victory on the part of Mitre and Buenos Aires over Urquiza's national forces.
President Santiago Derqui, who had been backed by Urquiza, and all Federalist governors resigned, and the Argentine Confederation was replaced by the Argentine Republic on December 17, 1861.
Mitre, who despite victory reaffirmed his commitment to the 1860 constitutional amendments, was elected the republic's first president on September 4, 1862, and remained Governor of Buenos Aires as caretaker until his October 12, 1862, inaugural. 
Tejedor born in Buenos Aires to Antonia Carrero and Antonio Tejedor, in 1817.
He enrolled at the University of Buenos Aires, where he earned a law degree in 1837, and married Etelvina Ocampo.
He became a prominent supporter of the interests of Buenos Aires, and joined Ramón Maza in an 1839 plot against Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas.
The group protested what they saw as too many concessions on the part of Rosas toward other provincial "Caudillos" in order to buttress the fragile Argentine Confederation.
Following Maza's execution, however, Tejedor joined Unitarian Party leader General Juan Lavalle, and fled to Chile, where he resumed his law practice and became a friend and ally of future Chilean President Manuel Montt.
He returned to Buenos Aires following Rosas' overthrow after the Battle of Caseros of 1852, and became a central figure in the movement led by Valentín Alsina against the Federalization of Buenos Aires as the national capital through his position of editor-in-chief of "El Nacional".
He opposed the San Nicolás Agreement, Entre Ríos leader Justo José de Urquiza's bid for national unity, and plotted the assassination of Urquiza with the "Logia Juan-Juan".
The attempt on Urquiza a failure, a revolt erupted in Buenos Aires on September 11, 1852, and the latter province became independent of the Confederation for the remainder of the decade.
Tejedor then collaborated with Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield in the drafting of a Provincial Constitution for Buenos Aires, the following year.
Tejedor negotiated the surrender of Buenos Aires forces at the Battle of Cepeda (1859), leading to the Pact of San José de Flores and to Buenos Aires' recognition of the Argentine Constitution.
Tejedor, however, rallied opposition to the treaty, and in particular, its provisions for the federalization of the Buenos Aires Customs.
Ultimately, these disputes led to the Battle of Pavón (1861), where General Bartolomé Mitre's victory allowed Tejedor and other Buenos Aires leaders to impose terms for the province's readmission into Argentina.
Following Mitre's 1862 election as President of Argentina, Tejedor was charged with codifying the nation's penal code.
He was elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies in 1866, and was appointed Foreign Minister in 1870 by President Domingo Sarmiento.
His tenure in the post was highlighted by international boundary negotiations following the Paraguayan War.
Allegations of electoral fraud in the elections of 1874, in which Mitre was defeated for the Presidency, led to another revolt by the former president; its prompt defeat led to his exile, however, and Tejedor was sworn in as Congressman in his replacement.
Viewed as a die-hard proponent of Buenos Aires privileges by lawmakers from the hinterland, he resigned, and served briefly as director of the National Library of Argentina, and as Ambassador to Brazil.
He accepted the post of Solicitor General for President Nicolás Avellaneda in 1875, contributing to the advancement of the commercial and civil codes.
He then served as Dean of the University of Buenos Aires Law School in 1876 and 1877.
Returning to politics, he was elected Governor of Buenos Aires in 1878, and in 1880, ran for the Presidency in opposition to National Autonomist Party leader Julio Roca.
Winning only in Buenos Aires and Corrientes Provinces, Tejedor organized an uprising, forcing the temporary relocation of Federal Government offices to Belgrano (then a suburb of the capital).
His defeat led to his resignation as governor, and negotiations begun in his stead by Mitre with the victor, President Roca, led to the definitive establishment of Buenos Aires as the nation's capital.
He published a memoir of the events, "La defensa de Buenos Aires", in 1881, and returned to academia and private law practice.
Tejedor was again elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1894 for Buenos Aires, serving until 1898.
He died in Buenos Aires in 1903, at age 85, and was buried in the La Recoleta Cemetery.
The Carlos Tejedor Partido of Buenos Aires Province is named after him. 
In the Spanish-speaking parts of Latin America the term "federalist" is used in reference to the politics of 19th-century Argentina and Colombia.
The Federalists opposed the Unitarians in Argentina and the Centralists in Colombia through the 19th century.
Federalists fought for complete self-government and full provincial autonomy, as opposed to the centralized government that the Unitarians and Centralists favored.
Furthermore, Federalists demanded tariff protection for their industries and, in Argentina, called for the end of the Buenos Aires customs as the only intermediary for foreign trade.
In Venezuela, the Federal War (1859-1863) confronted liberal "caudillos" and conservatives, resulting in the establishment of approximately the modern federal States of Venezuela.
Argentina The first Federalist leader in the Platine Region was José Gervasio Artigas, who opposed the centralist governments in Buenos Aires that followed the May Revolution, and created instead the Federal League in 1814 among several Argentine Provinces and the Banda Oriental (modern-day Uruguay).
In 1819, the Federal armies rejected the "centralist" Constitution of the United Provinces of South America and defeated the forces of Supreme Director José Rondeau at the 1820 Battle of Cepeda, effectively ending the central government and securing Provinces' sovereignty through a series of inter-Provincial pacts (v.g.
"Treaty of Pilar", "Treaty of Benegas", "Quadrilateral Treaty").
A new National Constitution was proposed only in 1826, during the Presidency of Unitarian Bernardino Rivadavia, but it was again rejected by the Provinces, leading to the dissolution of the National Government the following year.
Federalist Buenos Aires Governor Manuel Dorrego took over the management of the foreign affairs of the United Provinces, but he was deposed and executed in 1828 by Unitarian General Juan Lavalle, who commanded troops dissatisfied with the negotiations that ended the War with Brazil.
The following year, Juan Manuel de Rosas, leader of Buenos Aires Federalists, defeated Lavalle and secured his resignation.
Rosas was elected Governor of Buenos Aires later that year by the Provincial Legislature.
To counteract these developments, the Unitarian League was created by General José María Paz in 1830, uniting nine Argentine Provinces.
The 1831 Federal Pact between Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe Provinces opposed a military alliance to the League and ultimately defeated it during 1832, its former members joining the Federal Pact into a loose confederation of Provinces known as the Argentine Confederation.
Although the Unitarians were exiled in neighboring countries, the Civil War continued for two decades.
Buenos Aires Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas exerted a growing hegemony over the rest of the country during his 1835-1852 Government and resisted several Unitarian uprisings, but was finally defeated in 1852 by a coalition Army gathered by Entre Ríos Federalist Governor Justo José de Urquiza, who accused Rosas of not complying with Federal Pact provisions for a National Constitution.
In 1853, a Federal Constitution was enacted (the current Constitution of Argentina, through amendments) and Urquiza was elected President of the Argentine Confederation.
However, on the aftermath of 1852 Battle of Caseros, the Province of Buenos Aires had seceded from the Confederation.
In 1859, after the Battle of Cepeda the State of Buenos Aires rejoined the Confederation, although it was granted the right to make some amendments to its Constitution.
Finally, after the 1861 Battle of Pavón, Buenos Aires took over the Confederation.
The following federal governments fought the weaker Federalist and Autonomist resistances in the countryside until the 1870s.
The last Autonomist rebellion in Buenos Aires was quelled in 1880, leading to the federalization of Buenos Aires city and the stabilization of the Argentine State and government through the National Autonomist Party. 
The State of Buenos Aires ("Estado de Buenos Ayres") was a secessionist republic resulting from the overthrow of the Argentine Confederation government in the Province of Buenos Aires on September 11, 1852.
The State of Buenos Aires was never recognized by the Confederation or by foreign nations; it remained, however, nominally independent under its own government and constitution.
Buenos Aires rejoined the Argentine Confederation after its victory at the Battle of Pavón in 1861. 
The Argentine Confederation, consisting of thirteen provinces in the interior, and the State of Buenos Aires, formed by the Province of Buenos Aires had divided what today is Argentina since the 1852 Battle of Caseros removed the paramount Governor of Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas (who had wielded the sum of public power since 1835, thereby keeping the nation tenuously united).
The division was caused by the refusal of Buenos Aires to endorse the San Nicolás Agreement of 1853 or to recognize the Constitution of Argentina, promulgated that year.
The most contentious issue remained the Buenos Aires Customs, which remained under the control of the city government and was the chief source of public revenue.
Nations with which the Confederation maintained foreign relations, moreover, kept all embassies in Buenos Aires (rather than in the capital, Paraná).
The Buenos Aires government also enjoyed numerous alliances in the hinterland, including that of Santiago del Estero Province (led by Manuel Taboada), as well as among powerful Liberal Party governors in Salta, Corrientes, Tucumán and San Juan.
The 1858 assassination of San Juan's Federalist governor, Nazario Benavídez, by Liberals inflamed tensions between the Confederation and the State of Buenos Aires.
Relations deteriorated further with the signing of a free trade agreement between the Port of Rosario (the chief Confederate port) and the Port of Montevideo to the detriment of Buenos Aires.
The election of Valentín Alsina as Governor of Buenos Aires made hostilities imminent, culminating in the Battle of Cepeda of October 23, 1859.
Buenos Aires forces, led by General Bartolomé Mitre, were defeated by those led by the President of the Confederacy, Justo José de Urquiza.
Ordered to subjugate Buenos Aires separatists by force, Urquiza instead invited the defeated to a round of negotiations.
The son of the President of Paraguay, General Francisco Solano López, had attempted to prevent the Battle of Cepeda, persuaded Governor Alsina to accept Urquiza's offer, and a meeting place was soon arranged in the village of San José de Flores (west of the capital), by Buenos Aires emissaries Juan Bautista Peña (Minister of the Economy) and jurist Carlos Tejedor.