Question: Divers must enter the water how according to the rules of diving?
About the article "Diving", section "Entry".

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Most cave divers recognize five general rules or contributing factors for safe cave diving, which were popularized, adapted and became generally accepted from Sheck Exley's 1977 publication "Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival".
In this book, Exley included accounts of actual cave diving accidents, and followed each one with a breakdown of what factors contributed to the accident.
Despite the uniqueness of any individual accident, Exley found that at least one of a small number of major factors contributed to each one.
This technique for breaking down accident reports and finding common causes among them is now called "Accident Analysis", and is taught in introductory cave diving courses.
Exley outlined a number of these resulting cave diving rules, but today these five are the most recognized: Training: A safe cave diver does not intentionally exceed the boundaries of his/her training.
Cave diving is normally taught in stages, each successive stage focusing on more complex aspects of cave diving.
Furthermore, each stage of training is intended to be coupled with real world experience before moving to a more advanced level.
Accident analysis of recent cave diving fatalities has proven that academic training without sufficient real world experience is not enough in the event of an underwater emergency.
Only by slowly building experience can one remain calm enough to recall their training should a problem arise.
An inexperienced diver (who may be recently trained) is more likely to panic than an experienced diver when confronted with a similar situation.
Guide line: A continuous guide line is maintained at all times between the leader of a dive team and a fixed point selected outside the cave entrance in open water.
Often this line is tied off a second time as a backup directly inside the cavern zone.
As the dive leader lays the guideline he takes great care to ensure there is appropriate tension on the line.
and that it does not go into line traps.
Should a silt out occur, divers can find the taut line and successfully follow it back to the cave entrance.
Failure to use a continuous guide line to open water is cited as the most frequent cause of fatality among untrained, non-certified divers who venture into caves.
Depth rules: Gas consumption and decompression obligation increase with depth, and it is critical that no cave diver exceeds the dive plan or the maximum operating depth (MOD) of the gas mixture used.
Also, the effects of nitrogen narcosis are more critical in a cave, even for a diver who has the same depth experience in open water.
Cave divers are advised not to dive to "excessive depth," and to keep in mind this effective difference between open water depth and cave depth.
It should be noted that among fully trained cave divers' deaths, excessive depth is frequently cited as the cause.
Air (gas) management: The most common protocol is the 'rule of thirds,' in which one third of the initial gas supply is used for ingress, one third for egress, and one third to support another team member in the case of an emergency.
UK practice is to adhere to the rule of thirds, but with an added emphasis on keeping depletion of the separate air systems "balanced," so that the loss of a complete air system will still leave the diver with sufficient air to return safely.
The rule of thirds makes no allowance for increased air consumption that the stress caused by the loss of an air system may induce.
Dissimilar tank sizes among the divers are also not included by the rule of thirds, and a sufficient reserve should be calculated for each dive.
UK practice is to assume that each diver is completely independent, as in a typical UK sump there is usually nothing that a buddy can do to assist a diver in trouble.
Most UK cave divers dive solo.
US sump divers follow a similar protocol.
The rule of thirds was devised as an approach to diving Florida's caves - they typically have high outflow currents, which help to reduce air consumption when exiting.
In a cave system with little (or no) outflow it is mandatory to reserve more air than is provided by the rule of thirds.
Lights: Each cave diver must have three independent sources of light.
One is considered the primary and the other two are considered backup lights.
Each light must have an expected burn time of at least the planned duration of the dive.
If any one of the three light sources fail for one diver, the dive is called off and ended for all members of the dive team.
In recent years new contributing factors were considered after reviewing accidents involving solo diving, diving with incapable dive partners, video or photography in caves, complex cave dives and cave diving in large groups.
With the establishment of technical diving, the usage of mixed gases—such as trimix for bottom gas, and nitrox and oxygen for decompression—reduces the margin for error.
Accident analysis suggests that breathing the wrong gas at the wrong depth and/or not analyzing the breathing gas properly has led to cave diving accidents.
Cave diving requires a variety of specialized techniques.
Divers who do not correctly apply these techniques, greatly increase the risk to the members of their team.
The cave diving community works hard to educate the public on the risks they assume when they enter water-filled caves.
Warning signs with the likenesses of the Grim Reaper have been placed just inside the openings of many popular caves in the US, and others have been placed in nearby parking lots and local dive shops.
Many cave diving sites around the world contain basins, which are also popular open-water diving sites.
The management of these sites try to minimize the risk of untrained divers being tempted to venture inside the cave systems.
With the support of the cave diving community, many of these sites enforce a "no-lights rule" for divers who lack cave training—they may not carry any lights into the water with them.
It is easy to venture into an underwater cave with a light and not realize how far away from the entrance (and daylight) one has swum; this rule is based on the theory that, without a light, divers will not venture beyond daylight.
New available technology and diver experience are no longer matching the initial phase of local cave diving accident analysis.
In the early phases the analysis shows that 90% of accidents were "not" trained cave divers; from the 2000s on the trend has reversed to 80% of accidents involving trained cave divers.
Modern cave divers' capability and available technology allows divers to venture well beyond traditional training limits and into actual exploration.
The result is an increase of cave diving accidents, in fact in 2011 alone the yearly average of 2.5 fatalities a year triple.
Furthermore in 2012 fatality rate average had already been surpassed and actually reach the highest peak ever at over 20.
In response in Jan 2012 IDREO (www.idreo.org) was created in order to increase awareness of the current situation, by listing current worldwide accidents by year in real time and promoting a community discussion and analysis of accidents thru a yearly Cave Diver Safety Meeting. 
 features.
Features that make a boat suitable for use by divers are: Sufficient space and stability to carry the divers and their equipment Facilities for the divers to enter the water from the boat and board the boat from in the water Safety equipment may be required, either by legislation or the diver certification agency to which the boat operator is affiliated.
This will usually include:  marine VHF radio  small craft emergency equipment - life jackets, flares, fire extinguishers and other equipment according to the size and operating range of the boat  oxygen first aid equipment   diving shot  a signal flag to indicate that divers are in the water.
On larger boats additional diving support facilities may also be present:  high pressure diving air compressor  gas blending panel  recompression chamber  
Diver or divers can refer to: Diving, the sport of performing acrobatics while jumping or falling into water *:Category:Divers Underwater diving *:Category:Underwater divers *Scuba diving, in which a diver uses a scuba set to breathe underwater *Surface supplied diving, in which a diver uses an umbilical to breathe  
The Last Dive: A Father and Son's Fatal Descent into the Ocean's Depths is a non-fiction book written by diver Bernie Chowdhury and published by Harper Collins.
It documents the fatal dive of Chris and Chrisy Rouse, a father-son team who perished off the New Jersey coast in 1992.
The author is a dive expert and was a friend of the Rouses.
The divers were exploring a German U-boat in 230 feet of water off the coast of New Jersey.
Although experienced in using technical diving gas mixtures such as "trimix" (adding helium gas to the nitrogen and oxygen found in air), they were diving on just compressed air.
The pair had set out to retrieve the captain's log book from the so-called "U-Who" to "fulfill their dream of diving into fame.
"Chowdhury is a technical diver who, according to writer Neal Matthews' review of Robert Kurson's book "Shadow Divers", "was among the first to adapt cave-diving principles to deep-water wrecks".
Also according to Matthews, "His book documents how the clashes of equipment philosophy between cave divers and wreck divers mirrored the clash of diving subcultures."
Canoe diving, or the sport of scuba diving from a canoe, is a relatively new territory for paddlers.
It involves utilizing a canoe to transport scuba divers and their equipment to offshore diving locations which are beyond practical swimming distances.
Though strikingly similar to kayak diving in which divers use a sit-on-top kayak instead of a canoe, canoe diving allows divers to traverse greater distances at considerably faster speeds.
Canoes can hold substantially more weight than a kayak, and they have more room for gear.
They also offer paddlers a better view of the area around them.
Due to various economic constraints, canoe diving has recently gained popularity along the Gold Coast of Florida where many dive sites are less than three kilometers from shore.
It is appealing to many individuals because it is relatively inexpensive and very adventurous.
Traditionally, a charter service is used to access offshore dive sites which can be very costly.
While some may enjoy the luxury and safety of a hired charter boat, captain, and crew, others seek the challenge and thrill of navigating a canoe loaded with cumbersome scuba equipment on the open ocean.
Canoe diving is best suited for calm seas and fair weather.
Large waves, rough water, and strong winds make canoe diving unfavorable at best and extremely dangerous at worst.
Typically, the canoe is launched from a beach or jetty as close as conveniently possible to the intended scuba diving location.
Scuba equipment is assembled ready for diving before it is loaded into the canoe.
The divers then carefully enter the canoe, and paddle to the dive site.
Navigation to the dive site may be facilitated by use of a hand-held global positioning system (GPS), or more traditional coastal navigation methods.
Upon reaching the dive site, the divers put on their masks, fins, and weight belts, fill their buoyancy compensators (BC) with air and unload their scuba equipment into the water.
Then each diver enters the water to put on their scuba equipment.
Once both divers are ready, they descend and proceed with their dive.
The canoe may be tethered to the divers via their surface marker buoy system if they are drift diving, or it may be anchored or fastened to a mooring buoy if one is available at the dive site.
After the dive, the divers must enter the canoe without capsizing it.
Small items of equipment will usually be placed into the canoe while the diver is still in the water, but the scuba set will either be passed up to a person already in the canoe, or loaded after the diver is back on board.