Question: Anatomical pathology and Clinical pathology residences stayed for a toal of four years
About the article "Pathology", section "France".

Candidate passages:
In France, Pathology is separate in two distinct specialties, Anatomical pathology and Clinical pathology.
Residencies both lasts four years.
Residency in anatomical pathology is open to physicians only, while clinical pathology is open to both physicians and pharmacists.
Anatomical pathology in France is integrated in the internal medicine specialty track.
At the end of the second year of clinical pathology residency, residents can choose between general Clinical pathology and a specialization in one of the disciplines, but they can not practise Anatomical pathology.
And conversely, Anatomical pathology residents can not practise Clinical pathology.
Clinical pathologists work in close collaboration with clinical scientists (clinical biochemists, clinical microbiologists, etc.
), medical technologists, hospital administrators, and referring physicians to ensure the accuracy and optimal utilization of laboratory testing.
Clinical pathology is one of the two major divisions of pathology, the other being anatomical pathology.
Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination sometimes known as general pathology.
Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
Clinical pathology is itself divided into subspecialties, the main ones being clinical chemistry, clinical hematology/blood banking, hematopathology and clinical microbiology and emerging subspecialities such as molecular diagnostics and proteomics.
Many areas of clinical pathology overlap with anatomic pathology.
Both can serve as medical directors of CLIA certified laboratories.
This overlap includes immunoassays, flow cytometry, microbiology and cytogenetics and any assay done on tissue.
Overlap between anatomic and clinical pathology is expanding to molecular diagnostics and proteomics as we move towards making the best use of new technologies for personalized medicine. 
In the United States, forensic pathologists typically complete at least one year of additional training (a fellowship) after completing an anatomical pathology residency and having passed the "board" examination administered by The American Board of Pathology or The American Osteopathic Board of Pathology ("board-certified").
Becoming an anatomic pathologist in the United States requires completing a residency in anatomic pathology, which is on-the-job training one must perform upon completing medical school before one may practice unsupervised.
"Anatomic pathology" (as it is called) by itself is a three-year residency.
Most U.S. pathologists complete a combined residency in both anatomic and "clinical pathology", which requires a total of four years.
In the United States, all told, the education after high school is typically 13–15 years in duration (4 years undergraduate training + 4 years medical school + 4–5 years residency and clinical pathology combined + 1-2 year forensic pathology fellowship).
Generally, the biggest hurdle is gaining admission to medical school, although the pass rate for anatomic and forensic pathology board examinations (in the U.S.) is approximately 80-90 and 90-100 percent, respectively.
The courts do not require American Board of Pathology certification in order for a witness to be qualified as an expert in the field of forensic pathology, and there are several "diploma mills" that give online certificates in the field. 
In the United States, pathologists are physicians (D.O.
or M.D.)
that have completed a four-year undergraduate program, four years of medical school training, and three to four years of postgraduate training in the form of a pathology residency.
Training may be within two primary specialties, as recognized by the American Board of Pathology: anatomical Pathology and clinical Pathology, each of which requires separate board certification.
The American Osteopathic Board of Pathology also recognizes four primary specialties: anatomic pathology, dermatopathology, forensic pathology, and laboratory medicine.
Many pathologists pursue a broad based training and become certified in both fields.
These skills are complementary in many hospital based private practice settings, since the day-to-day work of many clinical laboratories only intermittently requires the attention of a physician.
Thus, pathologists are able to spend much of their time evaluating anatomical pathology cases, while remaining available to cover any special issues which might arise in the clinical laboratories.
Pathologists may pursue specialised fellowship training within one or more subspecialties of either anatomical or clinical pathology.
Some of these subspecialties permit additional board certification, while others do not. 
Molecular pathology is an emerging discipline within anatomical and clinical pathology that is focused on the use of nucleic acid-based techniques such as in-situ hybridization, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and nucleic acid microarrays for specialized studies of disease in tissues and cells.
Molecular pathology shares some aspects of practice with both anatomic and clinical pathology, and is sometimes considered a "crossover" discipline.