community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: United States
Section: Foreign relations

Question: Where in the US are the embassies for most countries?

The United States has an established structure of foreign relations.
It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and New York City is home to the United Nations Headquarters.
It is a member of the G8, G20, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Almost all countries have embassies in Washington, D.C., and many have consulates around the country.
Likewise, nearly all nations host American diplomatic missions.
However, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Bhutan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) do not have formal diplomatic relations with the United States (although the U.S. still supplies Taiwan with military equipment).
The United States has a "special relationship" with the United Kingdom and strong ties with Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, Israel, and several European countries, including France and Germany.
It works closely with fellow NATO members on military and security issues and with its neighbors through the Organization of American States and free trade agreements such as the trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico.
In 2008, the United States spent a net $25.4 billion on official development assistance, the most in the world.
As a share of America's large gross national income (GNI), however, the U.S. contribution of 0.18% ranked last among 22 donor states.
By contrast, private overseas giving by Americans is relatively generous.
The U.S. exercises full international defense authority and responsibility for three sovereign nations through Compact of Free Association with Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau, all of which are Pacific island nations which were part of the U.S.-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands beginning after World War II, and gained independence in subsequent years.
Article: Zero Dark Thirty
Section: Box office

Question: What did Zero Dark Thirty gross worldwide?

The limited release of "Zero Dark Thirty" grossed $417,150 in the United States and Canada in only five theaters.
A wide release followed on January 11.
"Entertainment Weekly" wrote, "The controversial Oscar contender easily topped the chart in its first weekend of wide release with $24.4 million."
"Zero Dark Thirty" grossed $95,720,716 in the U.S. and Canada, along with $37,100,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $132,820,716.
It was the top-grossing film of its wide release premiere weekend.
Article: Free Bird
Section: In popular culture

Question: "Free Bird" was the final song on which version of the popular Guitar Hero franchise game?

The song is included on the rhythm game "Rock Band 3" as the hardest song for Guitar and one of the hardest songs for Band.
It was previously featured as the final song of "Guitar Hero II" and again in '.
It is also featured in ' on the radio station K-DST.
An all-star band performed the song to conclude the final episode of "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien".
Will Ferrell sang lead vocals, backed by Beck, ZZ Top's Billy Gibbons, Ben Harper, and O'Brien himself on guitar, drummer Max Weinberg and the rest of the shows house band.
Ferrell also played Cowbell.
Some commentators found the lyrics especially resonant due to Conan's decision to leave the show rather than allow it to be aired in a later time slot.
The song is featured in the movie "Forrest Gump", in the scene where Jenny contemplates suicide, and in the climax of the movie "Duets", before Reggie sacrifices his life.
It is also prominently featured in the finale of Rob Zombie's second film, "The Devil's Rejects" and in the film "Cars".
The song is played by a band called Ruckus (mainly members of My Morning Jacket) in the movie "Elizabethtown".
The song is featured in "That 70's Show" Season 1 Episode 19 "Prom Night", "Freaks and Geeks" episode 12: "The Garage Door", and"Six Feet Under" Season 2 Episode 8 "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year"The song is played throughout My Name is Earl Season 2 Episode 20 "Two Balls, Two Strikes"The song is referenced in The Band Perry's song "Double Heart" off of their self-titled debut album.
Pop group "Will to Power" included the song on their 1988 hit, "Baby, I Love Your Way/Freebird Medley" which went to #1 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart.
The song is used in the "King of the Hill" episode "Tankin' It to the Streets," when a distraught, inebriated Bill steals an Army tank.
He sings part of the song while in the tank, moments before Hank, Dale, and Boomhauer go into the tank to talk him into taking the tank back to the army base.
He also hums the same part at the end.
The song is referenced in the "Gilmore Girls" episode "A Deep-Fried Korean Thanksgiving", season 3 episode 9.
Lorelai suggests the song to the piano player at her parents' Thanksgiving party.
A segment of the Blue Man Group theatrical show requires a member of the audience to shout out for a request of this song.
Article: Water polo
Section: Defense

Question: Do defensive positions differ from offense?

Defensive positions are often the same positionally, but just switched from offense to defense.
For example, the centre forward or hole set, who directs the attack on offense, on defense is known as "hole D" (also known as set guard, hole guard, hole check, pit defense or two-meter defense), and guards the opposing team's center forward (also called the hole).
Defense can be played man-to-man or in zones, such as a 2–4 (four defenders along the goal line).
It can also be played as a combination of the two in what is known as an "M drop" defense, in which the point defender moves away ("sloughs off") his man into a zone in order to better defend the center position.
In this defense, the two wing defenders split the area furthest from the goal, allowing them a clearer lane for the counter-attack if their team recovers the ball.
Article: Epcot
Section: Future World

Question: What is Future World?

Future World consists of a variety of pavilions that explore innovative aspects and applications including technology and science.
Future World also serves as the park's main entrance and features the park's iconic landmark, Spaceship Earth, a large geodesic sphere structure which houses a themed attraction inside.
Originally, each pavilion of Future World featured a unique circular logo which was featured on park signage and the attractions themselves.
The logos, including that of Epcot itself, have been phased out over recent years, but some remnants still remain scattered throughout the park, the pavilions are now instead identified by name and recognized by the main attraction(s) housed inside.
The various pavilions located in Future World include the following:
Spaceship Earth
Innoventions East
Innoventions West
Universe of Energy
Test Track
The Seas with Nemo and Friends
The Land
Imagination!
Wonders of Life/Festival Center (Seasonal Operation)
Article: Glad You Came
Section: In popular culture / Cover versions

Question: Which metalcore band covered this song?

 The song was being used to welcome the Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (better known as the Red Lions) during the National Day Parade, 2012 in Singapore.
It was also covered on the TV show "Glee" by The Warblers, led by Grant Gustin, playing the character Sebastian Smythe.
It was covered on Kidz Bop 22.
 The song was covered by the eleventh season top 10 on the 2012 summer tour as the finale song.
The song was also sung by the top 10 on twelfth season on the finale, May 16, 2013, where Candice Glover was crowned the "American Idol" winner.
 "Glad You Came" was covered by Masha, on her YouTube channel on March 8, 2012.
 American metalcore band We Came as Romans released a cover of this song for the compilation album Punk Goes Pop 5.
 Megan Nicole has done a cover of the song on her YouTube channel.
Article: Louisiana Purchase
Section: Nature of sale

Question: What Supreme Court case focuses on the Louisiana Purchase?

The historian James Loewen is among those who assert that the United States purchased only France's claim to the Louisiana Territory, as the land belonged to the tribes who inhabited the area.
In his view, the US acquired the lands slowly throughout the nineteenth century by purchases from individual Native American tribes and by wars against them.
The question is discussed at length in the article on Aboriginal title in the United States, as well as in articles on the American Indian Wars and the U.S. Supreme Court case "Johnson v. M'Intosh".
Article: Racquetball
Section: Ball Colors

Question: Why are balls different color in racquetball?

Racquetballs are manufactured in a variety of colors such as blue, green, purple, black, red, and pink, and some are for specific purposes (e.g., outdoor play and indoor play), but the differences are unlikely to make much difference for recreational play.
Beginners are recommended to use a blue ball by Penn, Ektelon, or Wilson.
The blue ball is the most commonly used and it is the most neutral ball for average speed and accuracy of contact.
Green balls are similar to blue balls.
In the USA the main choices of ball are blue and green for tournament play.
In some cases the International Pro Racquetball Tour (IRT) will use a purple Penn HD ball as the official ball.
A black ball is often used in tournaments for senior players because the ball is designed to be slower moving and allows for longer rallies.
The red ball is the fastest in production and they are known as Red Ektelon Fireballs.
This ball is heavier and allows for a quicker pace.
The pink ball tends to be the favorite of most recreational players and even some pro level players.
This pink ball allows for the highest level of visibility due to the bright pink color.
Also, the speed and durability of the ball is very close to that of the blue and green.
Finally, the pink ball was created to support breast cancer research and the manufacturers of the ball Wilson, donate $1.00 to the breast cancer awareness association every time a package is sold.
Balls do break occasionally, and will lose their bounce over time even without breaking.
To keep balls around for a long time it is best to keep them in a room temperature setting and keep them out of extreme cold or heat because this will cause the balls to become less effective and lose their bounce.
Article: Black hole
Section: Physical properties

Question: When Karl Schwarzschild discovered his black hole solution in 1916, what term was coined for the phenomenon?

The simplest static black holes have mass but neither electric charge nor angular momentum.
These black holes are often referred to as Schwarzschild black holes after Karl Schwarzschild who discovered this solution in 1916.
According to Birkhoff's theorem, it is the only vacuum solution that is spherically symmetric.
This means that there is no observable difference between the gravitational field of such a black hole and that of any other spherical object of the same mass.
The popular notion of a black hole "sucking in everything" in its surroundings is therefore only correct near a black hole's horizon; far away, the external gravitational field is identical to that of any other body of the same mass.
Solutions describing more general black holes also exist.
Charged black holes are described by the Reissner–Nordström metric, while the Kerr metric describes a rotating black hole.
The most general stationary black hole solution known is the Kerr–Newman metric, which describes a black hole with both charge and angular momentum.
While the mass of a black hole can take any positive value, the charge and angular momentum are constrained by the mass.
In Planck units, the total electric charge "Q" and the total angular momentum "J" are expected to satisfy
formula_1
for a black hole of mass "M".
Black holes saturating this inequality are called extremal.
Solutions of Einstein's equations that violate this inequality exist, but they do not possess an event horizon.
These solutions have so-called naked singularities that can be observed from the outside, and hence are deemed "unphysical".
The cosmic censorship hypothesis rules out the formation of such singularities, when they are created through the gravitational collapse of realistic matter.
This is supported by numerical simulations.
Due to the relatively large strength of the electromagnetic force, black holes forming from the collapse of stars are expected to retain the nearly neutral charge of the star.
Rotation, however, is expected to be a common feature of compact objects.
The black-hole candidate binary X-ray source GRS 1915+105 appears to have an angular momentum near the maximum allowed value.
Black holes are commonly classified according to their mass, independent of angular momentum "J" or electric charge "Q".
The size of a black hole, as determined by the radius of the event horizon, or Schwarzschild radius, is roughly proportional to the mass "M" through
formula_2
where "r"sh is the Schwarzschild radius and "MSun" is the mass of the Sun.
This relation is exact only for black holes with zero charge and angular momentum; for more general black holes it can differ up to a factor of 2.
Article: Viva la Vida
Section: Critical response

Question: When did "Viva la Vida" win a Grammy?

Critical response.
Critics were very positive in their reviews of the song.
In the "Entertainment Weekly" review of the album, critic Chris Willman wrote: "Take the title track ... on which imagines himself as a paranoid monarch.
'Who would ever want to be king?'
Martin asks.
'Revolutionaries wait/For my head on a silver plate!'.
The confident majesty of the music, however, belies how he and his bandmates have invigorated their rock-lite reign."
Josh Hathaway from "The Plain Dealer" noted "Viva la Vida" as the "catchiest" song on the album.
Chris Jones of the BBC noted: "The string/brass mutations that bolster a track like 'Viva La Vida' ... conjure tunes so sweetly melancholy."
In the IGN review, critic Chad Grischow wrote, "It is their one and only foray into unabashed orchestral pop, but the punchy strut of the strings and fantastic marching vocals make it far too charming and lively to dislike, and even harder not to love.
""Viva la Vida" was nominated for "Record of the Year", and won "Song of the Year", and "Best Pop Performance by a Duo or a Group" at the 2009 Grammy Awards.
This song also won the Ivor Novello Award for "Best Selling British Single".
The song was included in "Rolling Stone"'s annual "100 Best Songs" of 2008 at number nine; it was also voted number two on "Rolling Stone"'s Readers' Rock List: Best Songs of 2008.
"Viva la Vida" was also listed at number five on "Blender"'s 1001 Downloads: The Top 144 Songs of 2008, as well in the number eight position on "Village Voice"'s Pazz and Jop list.
"Viva la Vida" has been sampled in several other songs including Flo Rida's single "Be on You".
Article: Great Wall of China
Section: Abstract

Question: When did construction begin on the Great Wall of China?

The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces.
Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall.
Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang.
Little of that wall remains.
Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall are from the Ming Dynasty.
Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration.
Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.
The main Great Wall line stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.
A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure .
This is made up of sections of actual wall, of trenches and of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.
Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be .
Article: Jackson Pollock
Section: In pop culture and media

Question: Jackson Pollock's "Mural" is insured for how much money?

In 1960, Ornette Coleman's album "" featured a Pollock painting as its cover artwork.
The British indie band The Stone Roses were heavily influenced by Pollock; they have cover artwork made of pastiches of his work.
In the early 1990s, three groups of movie makers were developing Pollock biographical projects, each based on a different source.
The project that at first seemed most advanced was a joint venture between Barbra Streisand's Barwood Films and Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions (De Niro's parents were friends of Krasner and Pollock).
The script, by Christopher Cleveland, was to be based on Jeffrey Potter's 1985 oral biography, "To a Violent Grave," a collection of reminiscences by Pollock's friends.
Streisand was to play the role of Lee Krasner, and De Niro was to portray Pollock.
A second was to be based on "Love Affair" (1974), a memoir by Ruth Kligman, who was Pollock's lover in the six months before his death.
This was to be directed by Harold Becker, with Al Pacino playing Pollock.
In 2000, the biographical film "Pollock", based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning biography, "Jackson Pollock: An American Saga", was released.
Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Lee Krasner.
The movie was the project of Ed Harris, who portrayed Pollock and directed it.
He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.
The Pollock-Krasner Foundation did not authorize or collaborate with any production.
In September 2009, the art historian Henry Adams claimed in "Smithsonian Magazine" that Pollock had written his name in his famous painting "Mural" (1943).
The painting is now insured for $140 million.
In 2011, the Republican Iowa State Representative Scott Raecker introduced a bill to force the sale of the artwork, held by The University of Iowa, in order to fund scholarships, but his bill created such controversy that it was quickly withdrawn.
Article: The Matrix
Section: Development

Question: Who produced "The Matrix" with Warner Bros?

In 1994, the Wachowskis presented the script for the film "Assassins" to Warner Brothers.
After Lorenzo di Bonaventura, the president of production of the company at the time, read the script, he decided to buy rights to it and included two more pictures, "Bound" and "The Matrix", in the contract.
The first movie the Wachowskis directed, "Bound", then became a critical success.
Using this momentum, the brothers later asked to direct "The Matrix".
Producer Joel Silver soon joined the project.
Although the project had key supporters like Silver and Di Bonaventura to influence the company, "The Matrix" was still a huge investment for Warner Bros, which had to invest $60 million to create a movie with deep philosophical ideas and difficult special effects.
The Wachowskis therefore hired underground comic book artists Geof Darrow and Steve Skroce to draw a 600-page, shot-by-shot storyboard for the entire film.
The storyboard eventually earned the studio's approval, and it was decided to film in Australia to make the most of the budget.
Soon, "The Matrix" became a co-production of Warner Bros. and the Australian company Village Roadshow Pictures.
Article: Grand Canyon
Section: Upper Sonoran and Transition

Question: What different species of birds live mainly in the desert uplands and cliffs of the inner canyon?

The Upper Sonoran Life Zone includes most of the inner canyon and South Rim at elevations from .
This zone is generally dominated by blackbrush, sagebrush, and pinyon-juniper woodlands.
Elevations of are in the Mojave Desert Scrub community of the Upper Sonoran.
This community is dominated by the four-winged saltbush and creosote bush; other important plants include Utah agave, narrowleaf mesquite, ratany, catclaw, and various cacti species.
Approximately 30 bird species breed primarily in the desert uplands and cliffs of the inner canyon.
Virtually all bird species present breed in other suitable habitats throughout the Sonoran and Mohave deserts.
The abundance of bats, swifts, and riparian birds provides ample food for peregrines, and suitable eyrie sites are plentiful along the steep canyon walls.
Also, several critically endangered California Condors that were re-introduced to the Colorado Plateau on the Arizona Strip, have made the eastern part of the Park their home.
The conifer forests provide habitat for 52 mammal species.
Porcupines, shrews, red squirrels, tassel eared Kaibab and Abert's squirrels, black bear, mule deer, and elk are found at the park's higher elevations on the Kaibab Plateau.
Above the desert scrub and up to is a pinyon pine forest and one seed juniper woodland.
Within this woodland one can find big sagebrush, snakeweed, Mormon tea, Utah agave, banana and narrowleaf Yucca, winterfat, Indian ricegrass, dropseed, and needlegrass.
There are a variety of snakes and lizards here, but one species of reptile, the mountain short-horned Lizard, is a particularly abundant inhabitant of the piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine forests.
Ponderosa pine forests grow at elevations between , on both North and South rims in the Transition life zone.
The South Rim includes species such as gray fox, mule deer, bighorn sheep, rock squirrels, pinyon pine and Utah juniper.
Additional species such as Gambel oak, New Mexico locust, mountain mahogany, elderberry, creeping mahonia, and fescue have been identified in these forests.
The Utah tiger salamander and the Great Basin spadefoot toad are two amphibians that are common in the rim forests.
Of the approximately 90 bird species that breed in the coniferous forests, 51 are summer residents and at least 15 of these are known to be neotropical migrants.
Article: Taekwondo
Section: Other organizations

Question: What does the AAU stand for?

American Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear are allowed.
Apart from WTF and ITF tournaments, major taekwondo competitions (all featuring WTF taekwondo only) include:
 Olympic Games
 Universiade
 Asian Games
 South East Asian Games
 South Asian Games
WTF taekwondo features in all multi-sport games except the Small Island Games.
It was accepted as a Commonwealth Games sport in June 2010.
Article: Global warming
Section: Initial causes of temperature changes (external forcings)

Question: What are examples of external forcings?

Initial causes of temperature changes (external forcings).
The climate system can respond to changes in "external forcings."
External forcings can "push" the climate in the direction of warming or cooling.
Examples of external forcings include changes in atmospheric composition (e.g., increased concentrations of greenhouse gases), solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions, and variations in Earth's orbit around the Sun.
Orbital cycles vary slowly over tens of thousands of years and at present are in an overall cooling trend which would be expected to lead towards an ice age, but the 20th century instrumental temperature record shows a sudden rise in global temperatures.