community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Hey Jude
Section: Single release

Question: How many weeks was "Hey Jude" on the US charts?

"Hey Jude" was released on 26 August 1968 in the United States and 30 August in the United Kingdom, backed with "Revolution" on the B-side of a 7" single.
The single was the debut release of the Beatles' record label Apple Records; in the US, it was also the first Beatles' single to be issued in a company sleeve rather than a picture sleeve.
Even though "Hey Jude" was recorded during the sessions for the album "The Beatles", also known as the White Album, it was always intended as a single and not an album track, although it would eventually make its LP debut two years later as the title cut on the compilation album originally titled "The Beatles Again".
Lennon wanted "Revolution" to be the A-side of the single, but the other Beatles did not agree.
In his 1970 interview with "Rolling Stone", he said "Hey Jude" was worthy of an A-side, "but we could have had both."
Ten years later in 1980, he told "Playboy" he still disagreed with the decision.
"Hey Jude" began its sixteen-week run on the British charts on 7 September 1968, claiming the top spot a week later.
It only lasted two weeks on top before being knocked off by another single from Apple, Mary Hopkin's "Those Were the Days" (a song which, incidentally, if not penned was actually produced by McCartney).
The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on 13 September; that same week "NME" reported that two million copies of the single had been sold.
The song entered the US charts on 14 September 1968, where it stayed for nineteen weeks.
Two weeks later, "Hey Jude" was number one in the charts and held that position for nine weeks, the longest time spent by a Beatles' single at number one, as well as being the longest-playing single to reach number one.
The song was the 16th number one hit for the band in the US, tying Elvis Presley's record at the time for most number one songs there.
"Hey Jude" clocked in at 7:11.
The only other chart-topping song worldwide in the 1960s that ran over seven minutes was Richard Harris' "MacArthur Park".
In the UK, where "MacArthur Park" did not top the chart, "Hey Jude" remained the longest number-one hit for nearly a quarter of a century, until it was surpassed in 1993 by Meat Loaf's "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)", which ran 7:58 as a single.
On 30 November 1968, "NME" reported that sales had reached nearly six million copies worldwide.
"Hey Jude" became the biggest-selling debut release for a record label ever, selling an estimated eight million copies worldwide and topping the charts in eleven countries.
"Hey Jude" was the top Billboard Hot 100 single for 1968, according to year-end charts.
Less than three weeks after its release, the record was certified gold for sales of one million copies.
In 1999, it was certified 4x platinum, representing four million units shipped.
Article: Belgium
Section: Religion

Question: What are Belgium's three officially recognized religions?

Since the country's independence, Roman Catholicism, counterbalanced by strong freethought movements, has had an important role in Belgium's politics.
However Belgium is largely a secular country as the "laicist" constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right in practice.
During the reigns of Albert I and Baudouin, the monarchy had a reputation of deeply rooted Catholicism.
Roman Catholicism has traditionally been Belgium's majority religion; being especially strong in Flanders.
However, by 2009 Sunday church attendance was 5% for Belgium in total; 3% in Brussels, and 5.4% in Flanders.
Church attendance in 2009 in Belgium was roughly half of the Sunday church attendance in 1998 (11% for the total of Belgium in 1998).
Despite the drop in church attendance, Catholic identity nevertheless remains an important part of Belgium's culture.
Symbolically and materially, the Roman Catholic Church remains in a favourable position.
Belgium has three officially recognized religions: Christianity (Catholic, Protestantism, Orthodoxy and Anglicanism), Islam and Judaism.
In the early 2000s there were approximately 42,000 Jews in Belgium.
The Jewish Community of Antwerp (numbering some 18,000) is one of the largest in Europe, and one of the last places in the world where Yiddish is the primary language of a large Jewish community (mirroring certain Orthodox and Hassidic communities in New York and Israel).
In addition most Jewish children in Antwerp receive a Jewish education.
There are several Jewish newspapers and more than 45 active synagogues (30 of which are in Antwerp) in the country.
A 2006 inquiry in Flanders, considered to be a more religious region than Wallonia, showed that 55% considered themselves religious and that 36% believed that God created the universe.
On the other hand, Wallonia has become one of Europe's most secular/least religious regions.
Most of the French-speaking region's population does not consider religion an important part of their lives, and as much as 45% of the population identifies as irreligious.
This is particularly the case in eastern Wallonia and areas along the French border.
A 2008 estimate found that 6% of the Belgian population, about 628,751, is Muslim (98% Sunni), while a 2011 estimate claims 1,000,000 inhabitants of Muslim background in the country.
Muslims constitute 30–35% of the population of Brussels, 4.0% of Wallonia and 3.9% of Flanders.
The majority of Belgian Muslims live in the major cities, such as Antwerp, Brussels and Charleroi.
The largest group of immigrants in Belgium are Moroccans, with 400,000 people.
The Turks are the third largest group, and the second largest Muslim ethnic group, numbering 220,000.
According to the Eurobarometer Poll in 2010, 37% of Belgian citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 31% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 27% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force".
Article: Physiology
Section: Animal physiology

Question: Who is the author of "Principles of Animal Psychology"?

 Hill, R.W., Wyse, G.A., Anderson, M. "Animal Physiology", 3rd ed.
Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 2012.
 Moyes, C.D., Schulte, P.M. "Principles of Animal Physiology", second edition.
Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
Boston, MA, 2008.
 Randall, D., Burggren, W., and French, K. "Eckert Animal Physiology: Mechanism and Adaptation", 5th Edition.
W.H.
Freeman and Company, 2002.
 Schmidt-Nielsen, K. "Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment".
Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
 Withers, P.C.
"Comparative animal physiology".
Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1992.
Article: Pathology
Section: Abstract

Question: Which two Ancient Greek words form the root of the word pathology?

Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease.
The word "pathology" is from Ancient Greek , "pathos" which may be translated into English as either "experience" or "suffering", and , "-logia", "an account of" or "the study of".
"Pathologization", to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g.
pathological gambling.
Pathologies (or pathoses) is synonymous with diseases.
The prefix "path" is used to indicate a state of disease, and may be used to indicate psychological (e.g.
psychopath) or physical disease (e.g.
cardiomyopathy).
A physician practicing pathology is called a pathologist.
Pathology addresses four components of disease: cause/etiology, mechanisms of development (pathogenesis), structural alterations of cells (morphologic changes), and the consequences of changes (clinical manifestations).
Pathology is further separated into divisions, based on either the system being studied (e.g.
dermatopathology) or the focus of the examination (e.g.
forensic pathology and determining the cause of death).
Article: Dairy product
Section: Abstract

Question: What type of product is mammal milk considered?

A dairy product is food produced from the milk of mammals.
Dairy products are usually high energy-yielding food products.
A production plant for the processing of milk is called a dairy or a dairy factory.
Apart from breastfed infants, the human consumption of dairy products is sourced primarily from the milk of cows, yet goats, sheep, yaks, horses, camels, and other mammals are other sources of dairy products consumed by humans.
Dairy products are commonly found in European, Middle Eastern, and Indian cuisine, whereas aside from Mongolian cuisine they are little-known in traditional Asian cuisine.
Article: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)
Section: Tributes

Question: Who sang the song during Season 17, week 8 of Dancing with the Stars?

In seasons nine and ten, three tribute performances have been done in honour of some people.
The first was a tribute to recently deceased actor Patrick Swayze, on Sep 23, 2009.
"She's Like the Wind" from the "Dirty Dancing" soundtrack (originally written by Swayze for his film "Grandview USA"), "Unchained Melody" from his film "Ghost", and "(I've had) the Time of my Life" from "Dirty Dancing" were performed by select professional dancers of the Show.
On October 20, 2009, a tribute was done for singer and dancer, Michael Jackson.
"I Want You Back", "Man in the Mirror" and "Thriller" were performed—the first two by select professional dancers of the show, and all coming together for "Thriller".
In season ten, Professional Haitian dancers performed as a tribute to victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on March 30, 2010.
One of the male dancers had lost his son in the rubble.
They were dancing to "Dance Like This" by Wyclef Jean.
In season seventeen, in week eight, all dance numbers were done to guest judge Cher's hit songs.
She also performed live "Believe" and her newest single "I Hope You Find It" from her recent album "Closer to the Truth", after an eleven-year hiatus.
Article: Niagara Falls
Section: Literature

Question: Which Cuban poet wrote the poem "Niagara" based on Niagara Falls?

The Niagara Falls area features as the base camp for a German aerial invasion of the United States in the H. G. Wells novel "The War in the Air".
Many poets have been inspired to write about the falls.
Among them is the Cuban poet Jose Maria Heredia who wrote the poem ""Niagara"".
There are commemorative plaques on both sides of the falls recognising the poem.
Article: Vegetable
Section: Color pigments

Question: Why are some fruits and vegetables yellow and orange?

The green color of leaf vegetables is due to the presence of the green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is affected by the pH, and it changes to olive green in acid conditions, and to bright green in alkaline conditions.
Some of the acids are released in steam during cooking, particularly if cooked without a cover.
The yellow/orange colors of fruits and vegetables are due to the presence of carotenoids, which are also affected by normal cooking processes or changes in pH.
The red/blue coloring of some fruits and vegetables (e.g., blackberries and red cabbage) are due to anthocyanins, which are sensitive to changes in pH.
When the pH is neutral, the pigments are purple, when acidic, red, and when alkaline, blue.
These pigments are quite water-soluble.
This property can be used in rudimentary testing of pH.
Article: Atomic number
Section: The proton and the idea of nuclear electrons

Question: What is the name of the scientist that generated Hydrogen nuclei from reactions between nitrogen and alpha particles?

In 1915 the reason for nuclear charge being quantized in units of Z, which were now recognized to be the same as the element number, was not understood.
An old idea called Prout's hypothesis had postulated that the elements were all made of residues (or "protyles") of the lightest element hydrogen, which in the Bohr-Rutherford model had a single electron and a nuclear charge of one.
However, as early as 1907 Rutherford and Thomas Royds had shown that alpha particles, which had a charge of +2, were the nuclei of helium atoms, which had a mass four times that of hydrogen, not two times.
If Prout's hypothesis were true, something had to be neutralizing some of the charge of the hydrogen nuclei present in the nuclei of heavier atoms.
In 1917 Rutherford succeeded in generating hydrogen nuclei from a nuclear reaction between alpha particles and nitrogen gas, and believed he had proven Prout's law.
He called the new heavy nuclear particles protons in 1920 (alternate names being proutons and protyles).
It had been immediately apparent from the work of Moseley that the nuclei of heavy atoms have more than twice as much mass as would be expected from their being made of hydrogen nuclei, and thus there was required a hypothesis for the neutralization of the extra protons presumed present in all heavy nuclei.
A helium nucleus was presumed to be composed of four protons plus two "nuclear electrons" (electrons bound inside the nucleus) to cancel two of the charges.
At the other end of the periodic table, a nucleus of gold with a mass 197 times that of hydrogen, was thought to contain 118 nuclear electrons in the nucleus to give it a residual charge of + 79, consistent with its atomic number.
Article: I Believe I Can Fly
Section: In film and television

Question: Who sang "I Believe I Can Fly" on "The Voice"?

Other than appearing on the soundtrack for the film "Space Jam", "I Believe I Can Fly" was performed by the school band in the movie "Drumline" during the high school graduation ceremony of Devon Miles (Nick Cannon).
In "", Crash the possum sings the song before he crashes into a tree.
In the film "Good Boy!
", Wilson briefly sings the song while diving into a pool.
In "Fun with Dick and Jane", Jim Carrey sings along with the song as it is played in an elevator.
This song also appeared on the first American season of "The X Factor", where R. Kelly performed "I Believe I Can Fly" for the first time as a duet with the eventual winner of the show Melanie Amaro.
This song was also performed on "The Voice" as the last solo song for the second season's winner Jermaine Paul.
American musical TV series "Glee", performed a version of the song in episode fourteen of season three, "On My Way" (aired on February 21, 2012).
It is a mash-up track with the song "Fly" by Nicki Minaj featuring Rihanna.
In "The Hangover Part III", Leslie Chow sings a 12-second portion of the song, while parachuting through Las Vegas.
Article: Chemotherapy
Section: The term "chemotherapy"

Question: What is chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy is described in one dictionary entry as "the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs."
The word "chemotherapy" without a modifier usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical meaning is broader.
The term was historically used for non-oncological references, such as the use of antibiotics ("antibacterial chemotherapy").
The first modern chemotherapeutic agent was arsphenamine, an arsenic compound discovered in 1909 and used to treat syphilis.
This was later followed by sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and penicillin.
Other uses that have been termed chemotherapy are the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Article: Silver Linings Playbook
Section: Abstract

Question: Who directed Silver Linings Playbook?

Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell, adapted from the novel "The Silver Linings Playbook" by Matthew Quick.
The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, with Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, Chris Tucker, Anupam Kher, and Julia Stiles in supporting roles.
Cooper plays Patrizio "Pat" Solatano, Jr., a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents (De Niro and Weaver).
Determined to win back his estranged wife, Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell (Lawrence).
She tells Pat that she will help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her.
The two become closer as they train and Pat, his father, and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their issues.
"Silver Linings Playbook" premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, and was released in the United States on November 16, 2012.
The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades.
It received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay; it became the first film since 1981 (Warren Beatty's "Reds") to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars, with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress.
It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations, with Lawrence winning Best Actress; three BAFTA nominations, with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay; four Screen Actors Guild nominations; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations, winning in four categories including Best Film.
The film was a blockbuster at the box office, grossing over $236 million worldwide, more than eleven times its budget.
Article: The Motto
Section: Abstract

Question: Which other artist is featured in the song "Take Care" by Drake?

"The Motto" is a song by Canadian recording artist Drake.
The song features Lil Wayne and is a digital iTunes Store bonus track from Drake's second studio album, "Take Care".
"The Motto" premiered on Los Angeles' Power 106 on October 31, 2011.
Drake released the song on his OVO blog a day later.
It was first played on rhythmic top 40 radio stations on November 29, 2011, as the album's fourth single.
The track was a commercial success in the U.S., selling over 3,000,000 copies.
denoting 3× Platinum status.
The track peaked atop both the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and US Rap Songs charts, and was ranked 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 Year-end Chart.
"The Motto" was nominated for Best Rap Song at the 55th Grammy Awards.
The song is one of the few songs to rank within the top 20 in the year-end chart, but to never crack the top ten, due to peaking at number 14.
Article: Russia
Section: Energy

Question: To develop the next generation of nuclear energy technology, how may rubles does the russian government plan to allocate?

In recent years, Russia has frequently been described in the media as an energy superpower.
The country has the world's largest natural gas reserves, the 8th largest oil reserves, and the second largest coal reserves.
Russia is the world's leading natural gas exporter and second largest natural gas producer, while also the largest oil exporter and the largest oil producer.
On 1 January 2011, Russia said it had begun scheduled oil shipments to China, with the plan to increase the rate up to 300,000 barrels per day in 2011.
Russia is the 3rd largest electricity producer in the world and the 5th largest renewable energy producer, the latter because of the well-developed hydroelectricity production in the country.
Large cascades of hydropower plants are built in European Russia along big rivers like Volga.
The Asian part of Russia also features a number of major hydropower stations, however the gigantic hydroelectric potential of Siberia and the Russian Far East largely remains unexploited.
Russia was the first country to develop civilian nuclear power and to construct the world's first nuclear power plant.
Currently the country is the 4th largest nuclear energy producer, with all nuclear power in Russia being managed by Rosatom State Corporation.
The sector is rapidly developing, with an aim of increasing the total share of nuclear energy from current 16.9% to 23% by 2020.
The Russian government plans to allocate 127 billion rubles ($5.42 billion) to a federal program dedicated to the next generation of nuclear energy technology.
About 1 trillion rubles ($42.7 billion) is to be allocated from the federal budget to nuclear power and industry development before 2015.
Article: Disney's Hollywood Studios
Section: Production history

Question: How did Disney downsize its management?

The Walt Disney Company's original concept of the Disney-MGM Studios was to operate it as a full fledged television and motion picture production facility, not just a theme park.
In 1988, among the first feature-length movies filmed at the facility, prior to its completion and opening as a theme park, were "Ernest Saves Christmas" and "Newsies".
When the park opened in 1989, the studio/production facilities housed two major components, the first of which was Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida, where Disney produced a number of projects, including "Mulan", "Lilo & Stitch", "Brother Bear", and sequences from other 1990s-early 2000s Disney animated features.
The second, larger component was Walt Disney Studios Florida, which consisted of three sound stages used for various Disney projects including The Disney Channel's "Mickey Mouse Club", "Teen Win, Lose or Draw" and "Adventures in Wonderland".
Several third party productions also used the Studios, including "Superboy" (first season only, from 1988–1989), "Thunder in Paradise", a revival of "Let's Make a Deal", special broadcasts of "Wheel of Fortune" and airplane interior sequences for the feature film "Passenger 57".
In addition, a number of music videos and several tapings for World Championship Wrestling (as well as live broadcasts of WCW Monday Nitro) were also shot there.
Even The Post Group had a Florida-based post-production facility located on the Studio lot throughout the 1990s.
All these production and post-production facilities were constructed to be an integral part of the theme park's Backstage Studio Tour as well.
During the closing credits of the "Mickey Mouse Club" (later, "MMC" in its final seasons) and "Adventures in Wonderland", the lit Disney-MGM water tower appeared on the screen and one of the cast said, "(insert show title here) was taped at the Disney-MGM Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort, Lake Buena Vista, Florida."
Disney management (including CEO Michael Eisner) decided to downsize Disney's Florida operations by closing the animation studio, laying-off personnel and then moving the operations to the main animation studio in Burbank, California.
A radio studio is also located on the lot, appropriately behind "Sounds Dangerous".
It originally housed the first children's radio network Radio Aahs which rented the studio.
Later, Disney founded Radio Disney and essentially drove Radio Aahs out of business.
Radio Disney decided it was no longer profitable to operate in Florida so they moved all of their shows from the Disney-MGM Studios to the Radio Disney headquarters in Dallas, Texas and the once bustling Disney Studios Florida radio studios are now used as remote studios for radio shows that are visiting Disney or the Orlando area and need a broadcast facility.
Article: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Section: Builders

Question: Who was the master builder of the Opera di Santa Maria Maggiore?

 One possible builder is Gerardo di Gerardo.
His name appears as a witness to the above legacy of Berta di Bernardo as "Master Gerardo", and as a worker whose name was Gerardo.
 A more probable builder is Diotisalvi, because of the construction period and the structure's affinities with other buildings in Pisa.
But he usually signed his works, and there is no signature by him in the bell tower.
 Giovanni di Simone was heavily involved in the completion of the tower, under the direction of Giovanni Pisano, who at the time was master builder of the Opera di Santa Maria Maggiore.
He could be the same Giovanni Pisano who completed the belfry tower.