community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: American Revolution
Section: Patriots

Question: What else were Revolutionaries called?

At the time, revolutionaries were called "Patriots", "Whigs", "Congress-men", or "Americans".
They included a full range of social and economic classes, but were unanimous regarding the need to defend the rights of Americans and uphold the principles of republicanism in terms of rejecting monarchy and aristocracy, while emphasizing civic virtue on the part of the citizens.
Newspapers were strongholds of patriotism (although there were a few Loyalist papers), and printed many pamphlets, announcements, patriotic letters and pronouncements.
Mark Lender explores why ordinary folk became insurgents against the British even though they were unfamiliar with the ideological rationales being offered.
They held very strongly a sense of "rights" that they felt the British were violating – rights that stressed local autonomy, fair dealing, and government by consent.
They were highly sensitive to the issue of tyranny, which they saw manifested in the British response to the Boston Tea Party.
The arrival in Boston of the British Army heightened their sense of violated rights, leading to rage and demands for revenge.
They had faith that God was on their side.
Article: Sausage
Section: North Africa

Question: In what places is merguez sausage a popular food item?

North Africa.
Merguez is a red, spicy sausage from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, North Africa.
It is also popular in France, Israel and the German state of Saarland, where it is often grilled on a Schwenker.
Merguez is made with lamb, beef, or a mixture of both.
It can be flavored with a wide range of spices, such as sumac for tartness, and paprika, Cayenne pepper, or harissa, a hot chili paste that gives it a red color.
It is stuffed into a lamb casing, rather than a pork casing.
It is traditionally made fresh and eaten grilled or with couscous.
Sun-dried merguez is used to add flavor to tagines.
It is also eaten in sandwiches.
Article: Astrology
Section: Ancient objections

Question: What are some arguments that debunk astrology?

Cicero stated the twins objection (that with close birth times, personal outcomes can be very different), later developed by Saint Augustine.
He argued that since the other planets are much more distant from the earth than the moon, they could have only very tiny influence compared to the moon's.
He also argued that if astrology explains everything about a person's fate, then it wrongly ignores the visible effect of inherited ability and parenting, changes in health worked by medicine, or the effects of the weather on people.
Plotinus argued that since the fixed stars are much more distant than the planets, it is laughable to imagine the planets' effect on mankind should depend on their position with respect to the zodiac.
He also argues that the interpretation of the moon's conjunction with a planet as good when the moon is full, but bad when the moon is waning, is clearly wrong, as from the moon's point of view, half of her surface is always in sunlight; and from the planet's point of view, waning should be better, as then the planet sees some light from the moon, but when the moon is full to us, it is dark, and therefore bad, on the side facing the planet.
Favorinus argued that it was absurd to imagine that stars and planets would affect human bodies in the same way as they affect the tides, and equally absurd that small motions in the heavens cause large changes in people's fates.
Sextus Empiricus argued that it was absurd to link human attributes with myths about the signs of the zodiac.
Carneades argued that belief in fate denies free will and morality; that people born at different times can all die in the same accident or battle; and that contrary to uniform influences from the stars, tribes and cultures are all different.
Article: Six Flags
Section: Beginnings

Question: What year did construction of Six Flags Over Texas start?

The name refers to the flags of the six different nations that have governed Texas: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United States of America, and the Confederate States of America.
The original park was (and still is) split into separate regions, such as the "Spain and Mexico" section which featured Spanish-themed rides, attractions, and buildings.
The Six Flags chain originated in 1959 with the creation of "The Great Southwest Corporation" by Angus G. Wynne and other investors.
Construction of "Six Flags Over Texas" started in 1960, and the park was opened the next year for a short (45-day) season.
The first park initially featured a Native American village, a gondola ride, a railroad, some Wild West shows, a stagecoach ride, and "Skull Island", a pirate-themed adventure attraction.
There was also an excursion, inspired by the historical La Salle Expeditions in the late 1600s, called "LaSalle's River Adventure", aboard French riverboats through a wilderness full of animated puppets.
Over time, all of those attractions, except for the railroad, would be replaced by others, such as roller coasters, swing rides, log flumes, and shoot-the-chute rides, as well as an observation tower.
Article: Das Boot
Section: Reception

Question: How many people visited the exhibition about the film "Das Boot" in 2007

The film drew highest critical acclaim and is seen as one of the greatest of all German films.
For its unsurpassed authenticity in tension and realism, it is regarded internationally as pre-eminent among all submarine films.
The film was ranked #25 in "Empire" magazine's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.
It currently holds a 98% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes, well into the 32-nd year of its release (as of July 2013).
In late 2007, there was an exhibition about the film "Das Boot", as well as about the real U-Boat "U-96", at the Haus der Geschichte (House of German History) in Bonn.
Over 100,000 people visited the exhibition during its four-month run.
Article: Parks and Recreation
Section: Websites

Question: What is the website for the city of Pawnee?

http://www.pawneeindiana.com/  — Fictional city of Pawnee website.
http://www.hoosiermate.com/  — Dating website featured in the third season episode "Soulmates.
"
http://www.scarecrowboat.com/  — Website for Andy's band Mouse Rat (formerly Scarecrow Boat), Pawnee, Indiana's #1 band.
http://www.entertainment720.com/  — Website for Tom and Jean-Ralphio's failed business venture, Entertainment 7wenty.
http://www.awesomesaucewedding.com/  — Andy and April's wedding site.
http://www.knope2012.com/  — Knope 2012 campaign site.
http://www.snakeholelounge.com/  — Website for the Snakehole Lounge, "Pawnee's sickest nightclub.
"
https://www.twitter.com/munchmeat2015  — Twitter account featured in "The Debate.
"
http://annsolo.tumblr.com  — Ann's personal blog (Tumblr), seen in the fifth season episode "Ann's Decision.
"
http://www.rentaswag.com   — Tom's high-end clothes rental for teens, tweens and everything in betweens
http://www.ronswansongrill.com   — Ron Swanson's grilling webpage
Article: Blow Me (One Last Kiss)
Section: Music video

Question: Which actor plays Pink's love interest in "Blow Me"?

The music video for "Blow Me (One Last Kiss)" premiered on July 26, 2012 at 7:50pm EDT on MTV and VEVO and was directed by Pink's longtime collaborator Dave Meyers, who directed the videos for almost all of her lead singles and many of her hits.
The official colored version of the video was leaked online on August 31, and was officially posted on VEVO on September 5, 2012.
The video is entirely in black and white, with splashes of color, features opening titles in French.
The video begins with Pink having a picnic with her love interest (Sebastian de la Forza).
The two lean in for a kiss, which is interrupted by him taking a phone call.
Pink splashes him with red wine, and walks away through the trees.
She meets another man on his motorbike (Alexander Ercheverria) and goes home with him.
He draws a portrait of her.
Pink watches through the window as many female guests arrive for a party the man has organised.
During the party, she dances with one of the women until she is interrupted by the man who brought her home.
Pink wears a black suit with her hair pushed back and dances with the woman (Mosh).
The man gets down on one knee and proposes.
Pink accepts by giving him her hand but is disappointed to find out the proposal was meant for her dance partner.
During their wedding ceremony, Pink is dressed completely in black, as if she is attending a funeral.
A flying bike appears above the guests (Andreas-Holm Hansen), which is carrying a heart-shaped balloon.
The balloon pops, and red liquid covers the guests as Pink sings and dances cheerfully.
She joins the driver of the flying bike, and they fly away together at the end of this video clip across the countryside, into the sunset, under a bridge, over trees and up close to a big hill on the high flying bicycle with eagle wings.
A colored version was also released.
MTV's James Montgomery assured Pink's fans that she hasn't changed, while crediting the video for its angry and funny nature, saying "While your heroine might be saying she's a changed woman, the 'Blow Me' video proves that she's not.
It's just as angry as her previous clips, and nearly as funny too."
Article: Medicine
Section: Legal controls

Question: What must a doctor have to be licensed or registered?

In most countries, it is a legal requirement for a medical doctor to be licensed or registered.
In general, this entails a medical degree from a university and accreditation by a medical board or an equivalent national organization, which may ask the applicant to pass exams.
This restricts the considerable legal authority of the medical profession to physicians that are trained and qualified by national standards.
It is also intended as an assurance to patients and as a safeguard against charlatans that practice inadequate medicine for personal gain.
While the laws generally require medical doctors to be trained in "evidence based", Western, or Hippocratic Medicine, they are not intended to discourage different paradigms of health.
In the European Union, the profession of doctor of medicine is regulated.
A profession is said to be regulated when access and exercise is subject to the possession of a specific professional qualification.
The regulated professions database contains a list of regulated professions for doctor of medicine in the EU member states, EEA countries and Switzerland.
This list is covered by the Directive 2005/36/EC .
Doctors who are negligent or intentionally harmful in their care of patients can face charges of medical malpractice and be subject to civil, criminal, or professional sanctions.
Article: Popcorn
Section: Expansion and yield

Question: What type of popcorns have long kernal points at both ends?

Popping results are sensitive to the rate at which the kernels are heated.
If heated too quickly, the steam in the outer layers of the kernel can reach high pressures and rupture the hull before the starch in the center of the kernel can fully gelatinize, leading to partially popped kernels with hard centers.
Heating too slowly leads to entirely unpopped kernels: the tip of the kernel, where it attached to the cob, is not entirely moisture-proof, and when heated slowly, the steam can leak out of the tip fast enough to keep the pressure from rising sufficiently to break the hull and cause the pop.
Producers and sellers of popcorn consider two major factors in evaluating the quality of popcorn: what percentage of the kernels will pop, and how much each popped kernel expands.
Expansion is an important factor to both the consumer and vendor.
For the consumer, larger pieces of popcorn tend to be more tender and are associated with higher quality.
For the grower, distributor, and vendor, expansion is closely correlated with profit: vendors such as theaters buy popcorn by weight and sell it by volume.
For both these reasons, higher-expansion popcorn fetches a higher profit per unit weight.
Popcorn will pop when freshly harvested, but not well: its high moisture content leads to poor expansion and chewy pieces of popcorn.
Kernels with a high moisture content are also susceptible to mold when stored.
For these reasons, popcorn growers and distributors dry the kernels until they reach the moisture level at which they expand the most.
This differs by variety and conditions, but is generally in the range of 14–15% moisture by weight.
If the kernels are over-dried, the expansion rate will suffer and the percentage of kernels that pop at all will decline.
When the popcorn has finished popping, sometimes unpopped kernels remain.
Known in the popcorn industry as "old maids", the kernels don't pop because they do not have enough moisture to create enough steam for an explosion.
Rehydrating prior to popping usually results in eliminating the unpopped kernels.
Popcorn varieties are broadly categorized by the shape of the kernels, the color of the kernels, or the shape of the popped corn.
While the kernels may come in a variety of colors, the popped corn is always off-yellow or white as it is only the hull (or pericarp) that is colored.
"Rice" type popcorns have a long kernel pointed at both ends; "pearl" type kernels are rounded at the top.
Commercial popcorn production has moved mostly to pearl types.
Historically, pearl popcorns were usually yellow and rice popcorns usually white.
Today both shapes are available in both colors, as well as others including black, red, and variegated.
Commercial production is dominated by white and yellow.
Article: Andy Warhol
Section: Early life (1928–1949)

Question: How old was Warhol when his dad died?

Early life (1928–1949).
Andy Warhol (né Andrej Varhola, Jr.) was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He was the fourth child of Andrej Varhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889–1942) and Júlia (née Zavacká, 1892–1972), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. Andy had two older brothers, Paul (born June 26, 1922) and John Warhola (May 31, 1925 – December 24, 2010).
His parents were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó (now called Miková), located in today's northeastern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Warhol's father immigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhol's grandparents.
Warhol's father worked in a coal mine.
The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh.
The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church.
Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol (Paul), the oldest, was born before the family emigrated; Ján was born in Pittsburgh.
Pavol's son, James Warhola, became a successful children's book illustrator.
About 1939, he started to collect autographed cards of film stars.
In third grade, Warhol had Sydenham's chorea (also known as St. Vitus' Dance), the nervous system disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever which causes skin pigmentation blotchiness.
He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors.
Often bedridden as a child, he became an outcast at school and bonded with his mother.
At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed.
Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences.
When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident.
As a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in 1945.
After graduating from high school, his intentions were to study art education at the University of Pittsburgh in the hope of becoming an art teacher, but his plans changed and he enrolled in the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, where he studied commercial art.
In 1949, he moved to New York City and began a career in magazine illustration and advertising.
In 1949, he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in pictorial design.
Article: The Vampire Diaries
Section: Series overview

Question: What is the name of Elena Gilbert's vampire lover?

The series follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), a teenage girl who falls deeply in love with a 163-year-old vampire named Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley).
Their relationship becomes increasingly complicated as Stefan's vicious and malevolent older brother Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder) returns with a plan to wreak havoc on the town, seeking revenge against his younger brother for turning him into a vampire against his will.
Both brothers begin to show affection towards Elena, mainly because of her resemblance to their past love Katherine Pierce.
It is revealed that Elena is a descendant of Katherine, who eventually returns with plans against the trio.
Elena undergoes many hardships and deaths of close family members and loved ones through her high school experience.
The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history since its settlement of migrants from New England in the late 19th century.
Additional story lines revolve around the other inhabitants of the town, most notably Elena's younger brother Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen), her best friends Bonnie Bennett (Katerina Graham) and Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola), and their mutual friends Tyler Lockwood (Michael Trevino) and Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig).
The town's politics are orchestrated by descendants of the original founding families, all comprising a "Founders' Council".
Some of the founding families of Mystic Falls include the Salvatores, the Gilberts, the Fells, the Forbes, and the Lockwoods.
They guard the town mainly from vampires, although there are many more supernatural threats such as werewolves, witches, ghosts, Originals and hybrids.
Article: Ketchup
Section: Later innovations

Question: What year did Heinz offer the "Dip and Squeeze" packet?

In fast food outlets, ketchup is often dispensed in small packets.
Diners tear the side or top and squeeze the ketchup out of the ketchup packets.
In 2011, Heinz began offering a new measured-portion package, called the "Dip and Squeeze" packet, which allowed the consumer to either tear the top off the package and squeeze the contents out, as with the traditional packet, or, in the alternative, tear the "front" off the package and use the package as a dip cup of the type often supplied with certain entreés.
Previously fast food outlets dispensed ketchup from pumps into paper cups.
This method has made a resurgence in the first decade of the 21st century with cost and environmental concerns increasing of individual packets.
In October 2000, Heinz introduced colored ketchup products called EZ Squirt, which eventually included green, purple, pink, orange, teal, and blue.
These products were made by adding food coloring to the traditional ketchup.
these products have been discontinued.
Article: Sinking of the RMS Titanic
Section: Cultural aftermath and wreckage

Question: What day did they discover the Titanic wreckage?

"Titanic"'s sinking became a cultural phenomenon, commemorated by numerous artists, film-makers, writers, composers, musicians and dancers from the time immediately after the sinking to the present day.
On 1 September 1985 a joint US-French expedition led by Robert Ballard found the wreck of "Titanic", and the ship's rediscovery led to an explosion of interest in "Titanic"s story.
In 1997, James Cameron's eponymous film became the first movie ever to take $1 billion at the box office, and the became the best selling soundtrack recording of all time.
Numerous expeditions have been launched to film the wreck and, controversially, to salvage objects from the debris field.
Although many artefacts have been recovered and conserved, the wreck itself is steadily decaying, turning to oxide at a typical marine rate of 0.5-1 ton per day (assuming one ten-thousandth of an inch per day on all surfaces).
In time, "Titanic"s structure will collapse into a pile of iron and steel fragments.
Eventually she will be reduced to a spot of rust on the seabed, with the remaining scraps of the ship's hull mingled with her more durable fittings, like her propellers, the bronze capstans and the telemotor.
Article: Once Upon a Time (TV series)
Section: Spin-off

Question: When was the premiere of the TV series "Once Upon a Time"?

In February 2013, Kitsis & Horowitz, along with producers Zack Estrin and Jane Espenson, developed a spin-off focusing on Lewis Carroll's "Wonderland".
The series was given the proposed title "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland".
A "teaser presentation" began shooting in April 2013, with the pilot being shot in late July or August.
On May 10, 2013, ABC announced that it had green-lit the spin-off and on May 14, 2013, announced that the spin-off would air in the Thursday night 8:00pm time slot instead of making it a fill-in for the parent series, which had been hinted in the early stages.
The series premiered on October 10, 2013, for a thirteen-episode run that will end on April 3, 2014.
Article: Before Midnight (film)
Section: Critical reception

Question: What rating did Kemp give?

Like its two predecessors, "Before Midnight" received widespread critical acclaim.
Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 98% based on reviews from 172 critics, with an average rating of 8.7/10.
The site's consensus is: "Building on the first two installments in Richard Linklater's well-crafted Before trilogy, "Before Midnight" offers intelligent, powerfully acted perspectives on love, marriage, and long-term commitment."
Metacritic gives the film a score of 94 based on reviews from 41 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
It was listed as the third best film of the year after "12 Years a Slave" and "Gravity".
It was the second best reviewed film of 2013 according to Rotten Tomatoes, after Alfonso Cuarón's "Gravity".
According to Total Film's Philip Kemp, "As with its two predecessors—and with the films of French New Wave director Éric Rohmer, presiding deity of this kind of cinema—"Midnight"'s essentially a film about people talking.
But when the talk's this good, this absorbing and revealing and witty and true, who's going to complain?"
Kemp gave the film five out of five stars and called it a "more-than-worthy, expectations-exceeding chapter in one of modern cinema's finest love stories.
As honest, convincing, funny, intimate and natural as its predecessors.
"Perry Seibert of AllMovie also praised the film, writing: "The screenwriting trio fill the movie with long, discursive conversations (there are only two scenes in the first 20 minutes) that feel utterly improvised when they are performed, but are far too deftly structured to be anything other than the work of consummate artists."
Eric Kohn, from "Indiewire", gave the film rave reviews, adding it to his list of Top 10 Films of 2013.
He wrote that "With "Before Midnight", Richard Linklater has completed one of the finest movie trilogies of all time."
Article: Chemical reaction
Section: Applications

Question: Regarding pyrotechnics and welding, what does a thermite reaction create?

Chemical reactions are central to chemical engineering where they are used for the synthesis of new compounds from natural raw materials such as petroleum and mineral ores.
It is essential to make the reaction as efficient as possible, maximizing the yield and minimizing the amount of reagents, energy inputs and waste.
Catalysts are especially helpful for reducing the energy required for the reaction and increasing its reaction rate.
Some specific reactions have their niche applications.
For example, the thermite reaction is used to generate light and heat in pyrotechnics and welding.
Although it is less controllable than the more conventional oxy-fuel welding, arc welding and flash welding, it requires much less equipment and is still used to mend rails, especially in remote areas.