community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Italy
Section: Literature and theatre

Question: Who was responsible for establishing modern Italian as a language?

The basis of the modern Italian language was established by the Florentine poet Dante Alighieri, whose greatest work, the Divine Comedy, is considered among the foremost literary statements produced in Europe during the Middle Ages.
There is no shortage of celebrated literary figures in Italy: Giovanni Boccaccio, Giacomo Leopardi, Alessandro Manzoni, Torquato Tasso, Ludovico Ariosto, and Petrarch, whose best-known vehicle of expression, the sonnet, was created in Italy.
Prominent philosophers include Giordano Bruno, Marsilio Ficino, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Giambattista Vico.
Modern literary figures and Nobel laureates are nationalist poet Giosuè Carducci in 1906, realist writer Grazia Deledda in 1926, modern theatre author Luigi Pirandello in 1936, poets Salvatore Quasimodo in 1959 and Eugenio Montale in 1975, satirist and theatre author Dario Fo in 1997.
Carlo Collodi's 1883 novel, "The Adventures of Pinocchio", is the most celebrated children's classic by an Italian author.
Italian theatre can be traced back to the Roman tradition which was heavily influenced by the Greek; as with many other literary genres, Roman dramatists tended to adapt and translate from the Greek.
For example, Seneca's "Phaedra" was based on that of Euripides, and many of the comedies of Plautus were direct translations of works by Menander.
During the 16th century and on into the 18th century, Commedia dell'arte was a form of improvisational theatre, and it is still performed today.
Travelling troupes of players would set up an outdoor stage and provide amusement in the form of juggling, acrobatics, and, more typically, humorous plays based on a repertoire of established characters with a rough storyline, called "canovaccio".
Article: Argentina
Section: Climate

Question: What is it alled when a wind affects west-central Argentina?

The generally temperate climate ranges from subtropical in the north to subpolar in the far south.
The north is characterized by very hot, humid summers with mild drier winters, and is subject to periodic droughts.
Central Argentina has a temperate climate, with hot summers with thunderstorms, and cool winters; and higher moisture at the east.
The southern regions have warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall, especially in mountainous zones.
Major wind currents include the cool Pampero Winds blowing on the flat plains of Patagonia and the "Pampas"; following the cold front, warm currents blow from the north in middle and late winter, creating mild conditions.
The Zonda, a hot dry wind, affects west-central Argentina.
Squeezed of all moisture during the descent from the Andes, Zonda winds can blow for hours with gusts up to , fueling wildfires and causing damage; when the Zonda blows (June–November), snowstorms and blizzard ("viento blanco") conditions usually affect higher elevations.
The Sudestada usually moderates cold temperatures but brings very heavy rains, rough seas and coastal flooding.
It is most common in late autumn and winter along the central coast and in the Río de la Plata estuary.
Article: Bathsheba
Section: Abstract

Question: Which biblical story features Bathsheba?

According to the Hebrew Bible, Bathsheba (, "Bat Sheva", "daughter of the oath") (, "ابنة القسم") was the wife of Uriah the Hittite and later of David, king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah.
She is most known for the Bible story in which King David took her to sleep with him.
Bathsheba was a daughter of Eliam, one of David's "thirty" (2 Sam.
23:34; cf 1 Chr.
3:5); Eliam was the son of Ahitophel, one of David's chief advisors.
Ahitophel was from Giloh (Josh.
15:51;cf 2 Sam.
15:12), a city of Judah, and thus Bathsheba was from David's own tribe and the granddaughter of one of David's closest advisors (2 Sam.15:12)."
She was the mother of Solomon, who succeeded David as king, making her the Queen Mother.
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Covers and samples

Question: In which episode of Grey's Anatomy does the song "Chasing Cars" appear?

It was covered by The Baseballs for their re-released album Strike!
Back!
A trance version of the song was remixed by Blake Jarrell & Topher Jones.
It aired on the trance radio show "A State of Trance" episode 262 on 17 August 2006.
It was later voted to be the 12th best track played on "A State of Trance" in 2006 by the listeners.
The song was also used in a mashup by Party Ben, who combined the song with "Every Breath You Take" by The Police for the movie "Just Go With It".
In 2008, Kate Ceberano recorded a version for her album So Much Beauty.
It also featured in the Grey's Anatomy episode "Song Beneath The Song", sung by Callie Torres' spirit, Owen Hunter and Miranda Bailey.
Article: Gossip Girl
Section: Casting

Question: What individual plays the part of Georgina Sparks?

Featuring nine regular speaking roles, the majority of the ensemble cast was assembled from February to April 2007.
Leighton Meester and Blake Lively - who started auditioning in December 2006 - were the first two actresses to be chosen in February for the lead roles of Blair Waldorf and Serena van der Woodsen, respectively.
Penn Badgley, who had previously worked with Stephanie Savage on "The Mountain", Taylor Momsen, Chace Crawford, Kelly Rutherford and Connor Paolo also auditioned successfully and landed roles in the series in March, as did Florencia Lozano who appeared only in the pilot, and was replaced by Margaret Colin.
Badgley had initially turned down the part of Dan.
Actors for the roles of Chuck Bass and Rufus Humphrey were found in April when English actor Ed Westwick, and Matthew Settle were cast.
Westwick first read for the role of Nate but was then asked to try Chuck.
As rumors swirled about the impending cancellation of "Veronica Mars", it was revealed at The CW's 2007 Upfronts on May 17, 2007 that Kristen Bell had narrated the pilot, thus making her the title character of another show on the network.
Jessica Szohr was signed on to portray the recurring role of Vanessa Abrams and received regular status during the fourteenth episode of the first season.
Kaylee DeFer joined the series in the eighteenth episode of the fourth season and was promoted to series regular for the show's fifth season.
At the conclusion of the fourth season, Momsen, who went on an indefinite hiatus during the season while retaining regular billing, and Jessica Szhor both left the show.
Throughout the series' run, Connor Paolo consistently declined to elevate his recurring role of Eric van der Woodsen to regular status, citing personal reasons for his decision.
After becoming a regular on the ABC series "Revenge", Paolo confirmed his departure from "Gossip Girl" in August 2011.
As the show progressed, numerous recurring guest stars appeared in the show.
Michelle Trachtenberg signed on to portray Georgina Sparks.
The role had previously been offered to Mischa Barton who passed.
Francie Swift and Sam Robards took the parental roles of Anne and Howard Archibald, respectively.
Caroline Lagerfelt portrayed Celia "CeCe" Rhodes, Serena and Eric's grandmother and Lily's mother.
Sebastian Stan made several appearances as Carter Baizen throughout the show's first three seasons.
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Abstract

Question: What was the recording date of the song "Chasing Cars" by Snow Patrol?

"Chasing Cars" is the second single from Snow Patrol's fourth album, "Eyes Open."
It was recorded in 2005 and released on 6 June 2006 in the US and 24 July 2006 in the UK as the album's second single.
The song gained significant popularity in the US after being featured in the second season finale of the popular medical drama "Grey's Anatomy.
"It became notable as one of the songs that revealed the impact of legal downloads on single sales in the UK, selling consistently for years after its release.
The song is Snow Patrol's biggest-selling single to date, ending 2006 as the UK's 14th best-selling single of the year and that year had the distinction of being the last song performed live on the BBC's "Top of the Pops".
In 2007, on the strength of downloads, it was the UK's 34th best-selling single of 2007.
The song peaked at number 6 in the UK Singles Chart, and number 5 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100.
At the 2007 Grammy Awards, "Chasing Cars" was nominated for Best Rock Song, and at the 2007 Brit Awards, the song was nominated for Best British Single.
In 2009, the PPL announced "Chasing Cars" was the most widely played song of the decade in the UK.
As of 26 August 2013, the song has spent 111 weeks on the official UK Top 75 Singles Chart and 154 on the Top 100 and has sold over 1,000,000 copies in the UK by October 2013.
It also sold 3,131,000 copies in the US by November 2011, making it one of the top 10 best-selling songs by a British artist in the digital era.
In a 2009 Channel 4 poll it was voted the number one "song of the noughties".
Article: Steak
Section: Sirloin steak

Question: what is the reason for the price difference in upper and lower sirloin?

The sirloin steak is a portion of the sirloin part of the cow which is near the cow's rear, the nearer the meat is from the rear, the tenderer it is likely to be, like the rump steak.
Although there are two parts of the sirloin: upper sirloin is generally more expensive than the lower sirloin because it is more tender.
Sirloin steaks are often served at steakhouses and are often accompanied with French fries and vegetables such as broccoli, carrot or peas.
They are usually cooked by grilling or frying.
Article: Spain
Section: Religion

Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses are there?

Roman Catholicism has long been the main religion of Spain, and although it no longer has official status by law, in all public schools in Spain students have to choose either a religion or ethics class, and Catholicism is the only religion officially taught.
According to an April 2012 study by the Spanish Center of Sociological Research about 71% of Spaniards self-identify as Catholics, 2.7% other faith, and about 24% identify with no religion (9.4% of the total are atheists).
Most Spaniards do not participate regularly in religious services.
This same study shows that of the Spaniards who identify themselves as religious, 59% hardly ever or never go to church, 15% go to church some times a year, 8% some time per month and 14% every Sunday or multiple times per week.
Altogether, about 22% of the entire Spanish population attends religious services at least once per month.
Though Spanish society has become considerably more secular in recent decades, the influx of Latin American immigrants, who tend to be strong Catholic practitioners, has helped the Catholic Church to recover.
Protestant churches have about 1,200,000 members.
There are about 105,000 Jehovah's Witnesses.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has approximately 46,000 adherents in 133 congregations in all regions of the country and has a temple in the Moratalaz District of Madrid.
A study made by "Unión de comunidades islámicas de España" demonstrated that there were about 1,700,000 inhabitants of Muslim background living in Spain as of 2012, accounting for 3-4% of the total population of Spain.
The vast majority was composed of immigrants and descendants originating from Morocco and other African countries.
More than 514,000 (30%) of them had Spanish nationality.
The recent waves of immigration have also led to an increasing number of Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Muslims.
After the Reconquista in 1492, Muslims did not live in Spain for centuries.
Late 19th-century colonial expansion in northwestern Africa gave a number of residents in Spanish Morocco and Western Sahara full citizenship.
Their ranks have since been bolstered by recent immigration, especially from Morocco and Algeria.
Judaism was practically non-existent in Spain from the 1492 expulsion until the 19th century, when Jews were again permitted to enter the country.
Currently there are around 62,000 Jews in Spain, or 0.14% of the total population.
Most are arrivals in the past century, while some are descendants of earlier Spanish Jews.
Approximately 80,000 Jews are thought to have lived in Spain on the eve of the Spanish Inquisition.
Article: How I Met Your Mother
Section: Season 4

Question: What did Stella say to Ted's proposal?

Stella says yes to Ted's proposal.
Robin takes a new job in Japan, but quickly resigns and returns to New York to attend Ted's wedding, after realizing how much she misses her friends.
Stella leaves Ted at the altar to get back together with Tony (Jason Jones), the father of her daughter.
Barney struggles with his feelings for Robin as his company shifts him to the management team of a new acquisition, Goliath National Bank (GNB), where Marshall has accepted a position.
Marshall and Lily move to their new apartment and debate over whether or not they're ready to have children.
Robin becomes roommates with Ted and gets a job as an anchor for a 4 AM news show after Barney sends out her video resume.
Ted and Robin decide to sleep together constantly so they will not fight over each other's bad co-living habits.
Barney attempts to make them stop fighting to prevent this, revealing to Ted his love for Robin.
Ted finds out Lily has sabotaged all of his relationships with anyone she does not approve of and indirectly may have inspired his breakup with Robin.
Robin and Ted end up talking about it, causing their friendship to begin moving toward a positive note.
After Barney finally sleeps with his 200th woman (and rubs it in the face of the childhood bully who taunted him into pursuing it), he begins to question the purpose of the remainder of his life, leaving him more certain of his feelings for Robin.
Ted, while carrying the yellow umbrella, bumps into Stella and Tony.
Tony later decides to visit him, sympathizing with Ted over his loss of Stella.
Tony offers him a job as a professor of architecture, which Ted initially turns down.
In the season finale Robin finds out that Barney loves her, and initially refuses to commit to anything but a sex-only relationship; they seemingly end up together anyway.
Ted decides that being an architect is leading nowhere, and finally decides instead to become a college professor.
The finale ends with Ted preparing to teach his first class and Future Ted revealing to his children that one of the women in the class is their mother.
Article: Popcorn
Section: Nutritional value

Question: A small popcorn contains how many grams of saturated fat?

Air-popped popcorn is naturally high in dietary fiber and antioxidants, low in calories and fat, and free of sugar and sodium.
This can make it an attractive snack to people with dietary restrictions on the intake of calories, fat, and/or sodium.
For the sake of flavor, however, large amounts of fat, sugar, and sodium are often added to prepared popcorn, which can quickly convert it to a very poor choice for those on restricted diets.
One particularly notorious example of this first came to public attention in the mid-1990s, when the Center for Science in the Public Interest produced a report about "Movie Popcorn", which became the subject of a widespread publicity campaign.
The movie theaters surveyed used coconut oil to pop the corn, and then topped it with butter or margarine.
"A medium-size buttered popcorn", the report said, "contains more fat than a breakfast of bacon and eggs, a Big Mac and fries, and a steak dinner combined."
The practice continues today.
For example, according to DietFacts.com, a small popcorn from Regal Cinema Group (the largest theater chain in the United States) still contains 29 g of saturated fat.
the equivalent of a full day-and-a-half's reference daily intake.
Article: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)
Section: Abstract

Question: Who co-hosted season 1?

Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)Dancing with the Stars is an American dance competition show airing since 2005 on ABC in the United States, and CTV/CTV Two in Canada.
The show is the American version of the British television series "Strictly Come Dancing".
Tom Bergeron is the Emmy-winning host, alongside Erin Andrews, who is the new co-host for season eighteen.
Lisa Canning was co-host in season one, Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine and Brooke Burke-Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen.
The contestant pairs consist of a celebrity paired with a professional dancer.
Past celebrity contestants include professional and Olympic athletes, supermodels, actors, singers, astronauts, and teen-heartthrobs.
Each couple performs predetermined dances and competes against the others for judges' points and audience votes.
The couple receiving the lowest combined total of judges' points and audience votes is eliminated each week until only the champion dance pair remains.
In 2012, GSN picked up rerun rights to seasons four to thirteen, but due to low ratings the network stopped airing the show after airing for three months from January 2012 to April 2012 in two different seasons aired mostly on weekends.
Article: Sweden
Section: Holidays

Question: During the month of August the Swedes indulge in Kraftskivor. What is Kraftskivor?

Apart from traditional Protestant Christian holidays, Sweden also celebrates some unique holidays, some of a pre-Christian tradition.
They include Midsummer celebrating the summer solstice; Walpurgis Night ("Valborgsmässoafton") on 30 April lighting bonfires; and Labour Day or Mayday on 1 May is dedicated to socialist demonstrations.
The day of giver-of-light Saint Lucia, 13 December, is widely acknowledged in elaborate celebrations which betoken its Italian origin and commence the month-long Christmas season.6 June is the National Day of Sweden and has since 2005 been a public holiday.
Furthermore, there are official flag day observances and a Namesdays in Sweden calendar.
In August many Swedes have "kräftskivor" (crayfish dinner parties).
Martin of Tours Eve is celebrated in Scania in November with "Mårten Gås" parties, where roast goose and "svartsoppa" ('black soup', made of goose stock, fruit, spices, spirits and goose blood) are served.
The Sami, one of Sweden's indigenous minorities, have their holiday on 6 February and Scania celebrate their Scanian Flag day on the third Sunday in July.
Article: The Vampire Diaries
Section: U.S. Nielsen ratings

Question: What were the raitings for the vampire diaries, including those who DVR'ed it?

The series premiere on September 10, 2009 gave The CW its biggest series premiere scoring 4.91 million viewers.
Adding in DVR numbers, the ratings for the premiere swelled to an official 5.7 million viewers.
The following is a table for the seasonal rankings, based on average total estimated viewers per episode of "The Vampire Diaries".
"Rank" refers to how "The Vampire Diaries" rated compared to the other television series which aired during prime time hours.
Article: Niagara Falls
Section: Canadian side

Question: What is the name of the Canadian garden near Niagara Falls?

On the Canadian side, Queen Victoria Park features manicured gardens, platforms offering spectacular views of both the American and Horseshoe Falls, and underground walkways leading into observation rooms that yield the illusion of being within the falling waters.
The observation deck of the nearby Skylon Tower offers the highest overhead view of the falls, and in the opposite direction gives views as far as distant Toronto.
Along with the Minolta Tower (formerly the Seagrams Tower and the Konica Minolta Tower, now called the Tower Hotel), it is one of two towers in Canada with a view of the falls.
Along the Niagara River, the Niagara River Recreational Trail runs the 35 miles (56 km) from Fort Erie to Fort George, and includes many historical sites from the War of 1812.
The Whirlpool Aero Car, built in 1916 from a design by Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, is a cable car that takes passengers over the Niagara Whirlpool on the Canadian side.
The "Journey Behind the Falls"—accessible by elevators from the street level entrance—consists of an observation platform and series of tunnels near the bottom of the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side.
There are two casinos on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls, the Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort and Casino Niagara.
The former is situated in the Fallsview Tourist Area, alongside many of the area's hotels, whilst the latter is adjacent to Clifton Hill, on Falls Avenue, a major tourist promenade.
Article: Wadjda
Section: Production

Question: How long did it take to make the film Wadjda?

According to the director Haifaa al-Mansour, it took five years to make "Wadjda".
Most of the time was spent trying to find financial backing and getting filming permission, since she insisted on filming in Saudi Arabia for reasons of authenticity.
She received backing from Rotana, the film production company of Prince Alwaleed bin Talal.
However, she was very interested in finding a foreign co-producer because "in Saudi there are no movie theatres, there is no film industry to speak of and, therefore, little money for investment".
After being chosen for a Sundance Institute writer's lab in Jordan, al-Mansour got in touch with the German production company Razor Film, which had previously produced films with Middle-Eastern topics ("Paradise Now" and "Waltz with Bashir").
The production involved co-operation with two German public TV broadcasters, Norddeutscher Rundfunk and Bayerischer Rundfunk.
Additional funding came from (FFA, Berlin); Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH (MBB, Potsdam); Mitteldeutsche Medienförderung GmbH (MDM, Leipzig) and Filmfonds Babelsberg (ILB, Potsdam-Babelsberg).
Al-Mansour's screenplay was influenced by neorealist cinema like Vittorio de Sica's "Bicycle Thieves", Jafar Panahi's "Offside" or "Rosetta".
The final scene recalls the final scene of François Truffaut 's The 400 Blows.
Al-Mansour says that the original version of her screenplay was much bleaker than the finished product: "I decided I didn't want the film to carry a slogan and scream, but just to create a story where people can laugh and cry a little."
Al-Mansour based the character of Wadjda on one of her nieces and also on her own experiences when growing up.
The main themes of the story are freedom, as represented by the bicycle, and the fear of emotional abandonment, as Wadjda's father wants to take a second wife who will provide him with a son.
"Wadjda" was filmed on the streets of Riyadh, which often made it necessary for the director to work from the back of a van, as she could not publicly mix with the men in the crew.
Often, she could only communicate via walkie-talkie and had to watch the actors on a monitor.
This made it difficult to direct: "It made me realise the need to rehearse and to develop an understanding for each scene before we shot it."
Waad Mohammed, who plays Wadjda, was a first time actress.