community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Mexico
Section: Cinema and media

Question: What are the two major producers of Spanish language media content in the world?

Mexican films from the Golden Age in the 1940s and 1950s are the greatest examples of Latin American cinema, with a huge industry comparable to the Hollywood of those years.
Mexican films were exported and exhibited in all of Latin America and Europe.
Maria Candelaria (1944) by Emilio Fernández, was one of the first films awarded a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1946, the first time the event was held after World War II.
The famous Spanish-born director Luis Buñuel realized in Mexico, between 1947 to 1965 some of him master pieces like Los Olvidados (1949), Viridiana (1961) and El angel exterminador (1963).
Famous actors and actresses from this period include María Félix, Pedro Infante, Dolores del Río, Jorge Negrete and the comedian Cantinflas.
More recently, films such as Como agua para chocolate (1992), Cronos (1993), Y tu mamá también (2001), and Pan's Labyrinth (2006) have been successful in creating universal stories about contemporary subjects, and were internationally recognised, as in the prestigious Cannes Film Festival.
Mexican directors Alejandro González Iñárritu (Amores perros, Babel), Alfonso Cuarón (Children of Men, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban), Guillermo del Toro, Carlos Carrera (The Crime of Father Amaro), and screenwriter Guillermo Arriaga are some of the most known present-day film makers.
Two of the major television networks based in Mexico are Televisa and TV Azteca.
Televisa is also the largest producer of Spanish-language content in the world and also the world's largest Spanish-language media network.
Grupo Multimedios is another media conglomerate with Spanish-language broadcasting in Mexico, Spain, and the United States.
The "telenovelas" are very traditional in Mexico and are translated to many languages and seen all over the world with renowned names like Verónica Castro, Lucía Méndez, Lucero, and Thalía.
Article: Moves like Jagger
Section: Background and composition

Question: Who produced "Moves like Jagger"?

"Moves like Jagger" was written and produced by Benjamin Levin and Shellback, while additional writing was done by Adam Levine.
When asked about the song, Levine said, "It was one of those songs that was definitely a risk; it's a bold statement.
We've never really released a song like that.
But it's exciting to do something different, do something new.
I'm just happy everyone likes it."
"Moves like Jagger" is a dance-pop and electropop song, with elements of disco, pop, rock and soul.
It features a "throbbing" synth, fast-paced beat and electronic drums.
Robbie Daw from Idolator wrote that "Moves like Jagger" slightly echoes The Rolling Stones' chart-topping 1978 classic "Miss You", and added that "Levine’s voice is distorted via Auto-Tune on the chorus."
The song is introduced by a whistle melody and light, funky guitar in the key of B minor.
Levine tries his best to impress his female interest with dance moves like The Rolling Stones frontman Mick Jagger: "I don't need to try to control you / Look into my eyes and I'll own you / With the moves like Jagger / I got the moves like Jagger / I got the moves like Jagger."
Aguilera appears mid-way through the song's bridge, playing her role as a tease: "You want to know how to make me smile / Take control, own me just for the night / But if I share my secret / You gonna have to keep it / Nobody else can see this."
Article: Some Nights
Section: Recording and production

Question: Who created the album title "Some Nights"?

The most common creative process in the recording of "Some Nights" began with Ruess.
Ruess would come in with lyrics and a melody, leading Andrew Dost and guitarist Jack Antonoff to build chord structure and instrumentation from there, or "support that melody."
Dost noted that in recording, despite the composer's well-defined framework, the individuals' egos "pretty much disappear" and "everybody is happy to work towards the best possible song" cohesively together.
The dynamic between Bhasker and the band in the studio was mutually inspired, as Bhasker had never worked with a rock band before and Fun had never worked with a hip-hop producer.
Bhasker particularly enjoyed recording guitars with guitarist Jack Antonoff as he wasn't used to it, and Dost felt hearing Bhasker compose beats was "mind-blowing.
"The emphasis for Ruess on "Some Nights" was to make the songs more cohesive, as he felt his writing was "all over the place."
This meant creating songs that were concise instead of being "long and drawn out."
Bhasker was a proponent of using a single instrument to provide the biggest sounds, desiring not to "over-cram songs with ideas," declaring that everything that makes the song must be well-chosen.
Janelle Monáe collaborated with the trio on "We Are Young" through a friendship with Bhasker.
Bhasker was credited with bringing the band a bigger sound and an entirely new sonic translation to the band not present on their debut, "Aim and Ignite".
The album creates a mix of indie pop, theatric rock, and hip-hop—a sound that is credited to Bhasker.
"Some Nights" as a title floated around before any songs for the album were even created and was envisioned by Ruess.
It was inspired by how personalities can change on any given night.
Although the album isn't a concept album, the title changed the band's ideas for the album considerably, with Dost stating, "It's really nice once you have a title to know what the parameters are of what you're working on as a whole."
The band completed production on the album in October 2011.
Ruess called the seven months spent recording the record the most rewarding of any in his ten years of professional music work, calling it his career highlight.
Article: Disney's Animal Kingdom
Section: Controversy

Question: What organization tried convincing travel agents to not book trips to Disney's Animal Kingdom?

Even in planning stages, various Florida based animal rights groups and PETA did not like the idea of Disney creating a theme park where animals were held in captivity.
The groups protested, and PETA tried to convince travel agents not to book trips to the park.
A few weeks before the park opened, a number of animals died due to accidents.
The United States Department of Agriculture viewed most of the cases and found no violations of animal-welfare regulations.
On opening day, the Orange County Sheriff's office sent about 150 deputies in fear that there may be a large protest, but only two dozen protesters showed up.
The protest lasted two hours, and there were no arrests.
One year after the park opened, Animal Rights Foundation of Florida complained that a New Year's Eve fireworks show could upset the animals.
A USDA inspector came to the park and found no problems with launching low-noise fireworks half a mile away.
Article: Sweden
Section: Law, law enforcement, and judicial system

Question: Where were prisons closed?

The Supreme Court of Sweden is the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in Sweden.
Before a case can be decided by the Supreme Court, leave to appeal must be obtained, and with few exceptions, leave to appeal can be granted only when the case is of interest as a precedent.
The Supreme Court consists of 16 Councillors of Justice, or "justitieråd", which are appointed by the government, but the court as an institution is independent of the Riksdag, and the government is not able to interfere with the decisions of the court.
The law is enforced in Sweden by several government entities.
The Swedish Police Service is a Government agency concerned with police matters.
The National Task Force is a national SWAT unit within the National Criminal Investigation Department.
The Swedish Security Service's responsibilities are counter-espionage, anti-terrorist activities, protection of the constitution and protection of sensitive objects and people.
According to a victimization survey of 1,201 residents in 2005, Sweden has above-average crime rates compared to other EU countries.
Sweden has high or above-average levels of assaults, sexual assaults, hate crimes, and consumer fraud.
Sweden has low levels of burglary, car theft and drug problems.
Bribe seeking is rare.
A mid-November 2013 news report announced that four prisons in Sweden were closed during the year due to a significant drop in the number of inmates.
The decrease in the number of Swedish prisoners was considered "out-of-the-ordinary" by the head of Sweden's prison and probation services, with prison numbers in Sweden falling by around 1% a year since 2004.
Prisons were closed in the towns of Åby, Håja, Båtshagen, and Kristianstad.
Article: The Usual Suspects
Section: Release

Question: How much did The Usual Suspects make in North American?

Gramercy Pictures ran a pre-release promotion and advertising campaign before "The Usual Suspects" opened in the summer of 1995.
Word of mouth marketing was used to advertise the film, and buses and billboards were plastered with the simple question, "Who is Keyser Söze?
"The film was shown out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival and was well received by audiences and critics.
The film was then given an exclusive run in Los Angeles, where it took a combined $83,513, and New York City, where it made $132,294 on three screens in its opening weekend.
The film was then released in 42 theaters where it earned $645,363 on its opening weekend.
It averaged a strong $4,181 per screen at 517 theaters and the following week added 300 play dates.
It eventually made $23.3 million in North America.
Article: Bacteria
Section: Origin and early evolution

Question: Where did unicellular microorganisms evolve from?

The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago.
For about 3 billion years, all organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life.
Although bacterial fossils exist, such as stromatolites, their lack of distinctive morphology prevents them from being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution, or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species.
However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct the bacterial phylogeny, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged first from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage.
Bacteria were also involved in the second great evolutionary divergence, that of the archaea and eukaryotes.
Here, eukaryotes resulted from the entering of ancient bacteria into endosymbiotic associations with the ancestors of eukaryotic cells, which were themselves possibly related to the Archaea.
This involved the engulfment by proto-eukaryotic cells of alpha-proteobacterial symbionts to form either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, which are still found in all known Eukarya (sometimes in highly reduced form, e.g.
in ancient "amitochondrial" protozoa).
Later on, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms.
This led to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants.
There are also some algae that originated from even later endosymbiotic events.
Here, eukaryotes engulfed a eukaryotic algae that developed into a "second-generation" plastid.
This is known as secondary endosymbiosis.
Article: All Is Lost
Section: Release

Question: When did "All Is Lost" open in the United States?

"All Is Lost" screened out of competition at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival on May 22.
The film was distributed theatrically by Lionsgate and by Roadside Attractions in the United States.
FilmNation Entertainment handled foreign sales for the film.
In February 2012, Universal Pictures purchased distribution of the film in select international territories (except for Germany, Austria, all Latin American countries, Canada, Québec, Japan, China, India, Pakistan, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and the Middle East).
It began a limited release in the United States on October 18, 2013.
Article: Equestrianism
Section: Haute École

Question: What highly refined skill set is seldom used in in Classical dressage?

The "haute école" (F. "high school"), an advanced component of Classical dressage, is a highly refined set of skills seldom used in competition but often seen in demonstration performances.
Leading haute ecole demonstration teams include:
 The Cadre Noir in Saumur, France.
 The Spanish Riding School in Vienna, Austria.
 The Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre in Queluz, Portugal.
Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
South African Lipizzaners of Midrand in South Africa.
Article: Boston Tea Party
Section: Legacy

Question: What candidate raised $6 miilion on the Boston Tea Party's anniversary?

John Adams and many other Americans considered tea drinking to be unpatriotic following the Boston Tea Party.
Tea drinking declined during and after the Revolution, resulting in a lasting American preference for coffee.
According to historian Alfred Young, the term "Boston Tea Party" did not appear in print until 1834.
Before that time, the event was usually referred to as the "destruction of the tea".
According to Young, American writers were for many years apparently reluctant to celebrate the destruction of property, and so the event was usually ignored in histories of the American Revolution.
This began to change in the 1830s, however, especially with the publication of biographies of George Robert Twelves Hewes, one of the few still-living participants of the "tea party", as it then became known.
The Boston Tea Party Museum is located on the Congress Street Bridge in Boston.
It features reenactments, a documentary, and a number of interactive exhibits.
The museum features two authentically restored ships, the Eleanor and the Beaver.
Additionally, the museum possesses one of two known tea chests from the original event, part of its permanent collection.
The issue was never the tax but how the tax was passed without American input; United States Congress taxed tea from 1789 to 1872.
The Boston Tea Party has often been referenced in other political protests.
When Mohandas K. Gandhi led a mass burning of Indian registration cards in South Africa in 1908, a British newspaper compared the event to the Boston Tea Party.
When Gandhi met with the British viceroy in 1930 after the Indian salt protest campaign, Gandhi took some duty-free salt from his shawl and said, with a smile, that the salt was "to remind us of the famous Boston Tea Party.
"American activists from a variety of political viewpoints have invoked the Tea Party as a symbol of protest.
In 1973, on the 200th anniversary of the Tea Party, a mass meeting at Faneuil Hall called for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon and protested oil companies in the ongoing oil crisis.
Afterwards, protesters boarded a replica ship in Boston Harbor, hanged Nixon in effigy, and dumped several empty oil drums into the harbor.
In 1998, two conservative US Congressmen put the federal tax code into a chest marked "tea" and dumped it into the harbor.
In 2006, a libertarian political party called the "Boston Tea Party" was founded.
In 2007, the Ron Paul "Tea Party" money bomb, held on the 234th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, broke the one-day fund-raising record by raising $6.04 million in 24 hours.
Subsequently, these fund-raising "Tea parties" grew into the Tea Party movement, which dominated politics for the next two years, culminating in a voter victory for the Republicans in 2010 who were widely elected to seats in the United States House of Representatives.
Article: Anatomy
Section: Vertebrate anatomy

Question: Nervous tissue is derived from what?

All vertebrates are built along the basic chordate body plan: a stiff rod running through the length of the animal (vertebral column or notochord), with a hollow tube of nervous tissue, the spinal cord above it and the gastrointestinal tract below.
Nervous tissue is derived from the ectoderm, connective tissues are derived from mesoderm, and gut is derived from the endoderm.
At the posterior end is a tail which continues the spinal cord and vertebrae but not the gut.
The mouth is found at the anterior end of the animal, and the anus at the base of the tail.
The defining characteristic of a vertebrate is the vertebral column, in which the notochord has been replaced by a segmented series of stiffer elements (vertebrae) separated by mobile joints (intervertebral discs), which each contain a soft central core (nucleus pulposus), derived from the notochord of the embryo.
However, a few vertebrates have secondarily lost this anatomy, retaining the notochord into adulthood.
These include the sturgeon and the coelacanth.
Jawed vertebrates are typified by paired appendages, fins or legs, which may be secondarily lost.
The limbs of vertebrates are considered to be homologous because the same underlying skeletal structure was inherited from their last common ancestor.
This is one of the arguments put forward by Charles Darwin to support his theory of evolution.
Article: Life Is Beautiful
Section: Abstract

Question: Who was the main actor in Life is Beautiful?

Life Is Beautiful () is a 1997 Italian comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni.
Benigni plays Guido Orefice, a Jewish Italian book shop owner, who must employ his fertile imagination to shield his son from the horrors of internment in a Nazi concentration camp.
Part of the film came from Benigni's own family history; before Roberto's birth, his father had survived three years of internment at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
The film was a critical and financial success, winning Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 71st Academy Awards as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Article: Epcot
Section: Corporate sponsorships

Question: Universe of Energy was sponsored by who?

Each pavilion was initially sponsored by a corporation which helped fund its construction and maintenance in return for the corporation's logos and some marketing elements appearing throughout the pavilion.
For example, Universe of Energy was sponsored by Exxon from 1982 to 2004, and The Land was sponsored by Kraft from 1982 to 1993, then Nestlé from 1993 to 2009.
Each pavilion contains a private "VIP area" for its sponsor with offices, lounges, and reception areas hidden away from regular park guests.
While some pavilions still retain active sponsorships, in recent years several pavilions have lost sponsorships due to lack of interest from partner companies in renewing expiring agreements.
After General Electric left Horizons in 1993, it closed for a couple of years, then reopened temporarily while neighboring attractions Universe of Energy and World of Motion were renovated.
Horizons closed permanently on January 9, 1999 and was demolished in the summer of 2000 to make room for the opening of Mission: SPACE on October 9, 2003.
Metlife sponsored Wonders of Life from 1989 to 2001, until that area was closed.
However, the Wonders Of Life pavilion is still mostly intact and is used for both the Flower and Garden Festival and the Food and Wine Festival.
Current active sponsorships include the following:
Test Track opened in the former World of Motion pavilion and is currently sponsored by Chevrolet
 is currently sponsored by Hewlett-Packard
Spaceship Earth is currently sponsored by Siemens which also sponsors the park's nighttime show .
Living with the Land is currently sponsored by Chiquita.
Individual small attractions and exhibits within the Innoventions pavilions are sponsored by various companies including IBM, Liberty Mutual, Coca-Cola, Velcro, and others.
Article: Botany
Section: Epigenetics

Question: What is the name for a single fertilized egg?

Epigenetics is the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying DNA sequence but cause the organism's genes to behave (or "express themselves") differently.
One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they will be expressed or not.
Gene expression can also be controlled by repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA and prevent that region of the DNA code from being expressed.
Epigenetic marks may be added or removed from the DNA during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying genetic code.
Epigenetic changes may be temporary or may remain through successive cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life.
Some epigenetic changes have been shown to be heritable, while others are reset in the germ cells.
Epigenetic changes in eukaryotic biology serve to regulate the process of cellular differentiation.
During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells.
A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc.
as it continues to divide.
The process results from the epigenetic activation of some genes and inhibition of others.
Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant.
Exceptions include highly lignified cells, the sclerenchyma and xylem which are dead at maturity, and the phloem sieve tubes which lack nuclei.
While plants use many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, an alternative hypothesis is that plants set their gene expression patterns using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their developmental fate.