community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Kid with a Bike
Section: Plot

Question: In The Kid with a Bike, what is Cyril's age?

The story begins with Cyril, a 12-year-old boy in foster care, searching for his father and lost bike.
Cyril escapes the foster home to try to find his father at his old apartment.
When the caretakers find him, Cyril flees to a doctor’s office nearby, where he grabs onto a woman in the waiting room.
Trying to alleviate the situation, the caretakers take Cyril to the empty apartment, confirming that his father has really abandoned him.
The next morning, the woman from the doctor's office, Samantha, shows up with Cyril’s bike.
She says she bought it from someone in the projects, but Cyril thinks it was stolen from his dad.
He likes Samantha though, and asks if she would take him in on weekends.
Later, through an old personal ad, Cyril discovers that his father actually sold his bike.
With Samantha, Cyril is able to finally track down his father.
However, his father isn't happy to be found and tells his son never to come back.
Cyril, heartbroken by his father's rejection, turns to Samantha for comfort.
But despite Samantha's care, Cyril is soon taken under the wing of Wesker, a local gang leader known as "The Dealer".
At The Dealer’s prompting, Cyril robs a newsstand owner and his son with a baseball bat.
The Dealer, fearing Cyril had been identified, forces him to keep quiet and keep the money.
Cyril tries giving it to his father only to be chased away.
Dejected, Cyril returns to Samantha and finally accepts her care for him.
The robbery is settled through mediation, where Cyril apologizes personally to the owner, who accepts, but his son does not and, in a chance encounter, tries to get his revenge.
In the ensuing chase, Cyril climbs a tree and falls when struck by a rock the son throws.
While he lies unconscious, the owner and son discuss what lies to tell the police.
While they're talking, Cyril comes to and walks away, having apparently decided to move on with his life.
Article: Radiation therapy
Section: Effect on different types of cancer

Question: Do all cancers respond in the same way to chemo?

Different cancers respond differently to radiation therapy.
The response of a cancer to radiation is described by its radiosensitivity.
Highly radiosensitive cancer cells are rapidly killed by modest doses of radiation.
These include leukemias, most lymphomas and germ cell tumors.
The majority of epithelial cancers are only moderately radiosensitive, and require a significantly higher dose of radiation (60-70 Gy) to achieve a radical cure.
Some types of cancer are notably radioresistant, that is, much higher doses are required to produce a radical cure than may be safe in clinical practice.
Renal cell cancer and melanoma are generally considered to be radioresistant.
It is important to distinguish the radiosensitivity of a particular tumor, which to some extent is a laboratory measure, from the radiation "curability" of a cancer in actual clinical practice.
For example, leukemias are not generally curable with radiation therapy, because they are disseminated through the body.
Lymphoma may be radically curable if it is localised to one area of the body.
Similarly, many of the common, moderately radioresponsive tumors are routinely treated with curative doses of radiation therapy if they are at an early stage.
For example: non-melanoma skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, anal cancer, prostate cancer.
Metastatic cancers are generally incurable with radiation therapy because it is not possible to treat the whole body.
Before treatment, a CT scan is often performed to identify the tumor and surrounding normal structures.
The patient is then sent for a simulation so that molds can be created to be used during treatment.
The patient receives small skin marks to guide the placement of treatment fields.
The response of a tumor to radiation therapy is also related to its size.
For complex reasons, very large tumors respond less well to radiation than smaller tumors or microscopic disease.
Various strategies are used to overcome this effect.
The most common technique is surgical resection prior to radiation therapy.
This is most commonly seen in the treatment of breast cancer with wide local excision or mastectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy.
Another method is to shrink the tumor with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical radiation therapy.
A third technique is to enhance the radiosensitivity of the cancer by giving certain drugs during a course of radiation therapy.
Examples of radiosensiting drugs include: Cisplatin, Nimorazole, and Cetuximab.
Article: Machu Picchu
Section: Cultural artifacts: Dispute between Peru and Yale University

Question: Where were the artifacts displayed after removal?

In 1912 and 1914–15, Bingham excavated treasures from Machu Picchu—ceramic vessels, silver statues, jewelry, and human bones—and took them from Peru to Yale University in the United States for further study, supposedly for a period of 18 months.
Yale has retained the artifacts until now, under the argument that Peru did not have the infrastructure or proper conditions to take care of the pieces.
Eliane Karp, an anthropologist who is married to the former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo, accused Yale of profiting from Peru's cultural heritage by claiming title to thousands of pieces removed by Bingham.
Many have been on display at Yale's Peabody Museum since their removal.
Yale returned some of the artifacts to Peru, but the university kept the remainder, claiming its position was supported by federal case law involving Peruvian antiquities.
On 19 September 2007, the "Courant" reported that Peru and Yale had reached an agreement regarding the requested return of the artifacts.
The agreement includes sponsorship of a joint traveling exhibition and construction of a new museum and research center in Cusco about which Yale will advise Peruvian officials.
Yale acknowledges Peru's title to all the excavated objects from Machu Picchu, but Yale will share rights with Peru in the research collection, part of which will remain at Yale as an object of continuing study.
On 19 June 2008, National Geographic Society's vice-president Terry Garcia was quoted by the daily publication, "La República".
"We were part of this agreement.
National Geographic was there, we know what was said, the objects were lent and should be returned.
"On 21 November 2010, Yale University agreed in principle to the return of the controversial artifacts to their original home in Peru.
As of November 2012, the third and final batch of thousands of artifacts were delivered.
La Casa Concha (The Shell House) located close to Cusco's colonial center will be the permanent site where the Yale University artifacts will be exhibited.
Owned by the National University of San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, La Casa Concha will also feature a study area for local and foreign students.
Article: Poutine
Section: Similar dishes

Question: What is the fast food chain in Southern California that has a thick, brown gravy based meat chili?

"Chips and Gravy" ("chips" being the British term for thicker French fries) is a staple of the cheaper bistro style menus, in such places as Royal Canadian Legion and Workers Clubs.
In Newfoundland and Labrador, most non-national chain restaurants serve a traditional dish called chips, dressing and gravy (a.k.a.
"Newfie fries").
"Dressing" is a mixture of mainly white bread crumbs and savoury and is often referred to as "stuffing" outside of Atlantic Canada.
Chips, dressing and gravy is served much like poutine, except for the dressing substituting for the cheese.
While loved by Newfoundlanders and Labradorians, the dish is not very widely known of outside the Canadian province, and within pockets of NL exiles.
In Prince Edward Island, a common dish is "Fries with the Works" which is fries with ground beef and onions, topped with thick beef gravy and fresh green peas.
"Disco Fries", also known as "Elvis Fries," served in New Jersey and select New York City diners, are made with brown gravy, mozzarella, and heavier steak fries.
Elsewhere in the greater New York City area and Long Island, diners serve "cheese fries," using either American (processed) cheese or mozzarella.
Diners in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut serve "gravy-cheese-fries" or even "french fries with cheese and gravy"; these are most commonly steak fries, brown gravy, and American cheese.
"Chili Cheese Fries" are served in Coney Island restaurants around Detroit, Michigan.
Shoestring French Fries are covered with the hot dog sauce ("chili" sauce) unique to the Detroit area, then covered with shredded cheddar cheese.
(See Coney Island (restaurant))In Southern California, the fast food chain Tommy's has a thick, brown gravy based meat chili, and the ingredients of their chili cheese fries are comparable to those of Poutine.
The chili is thicker, however, and the cheese is American cheese.
The American fast food diner chain Waffle House offers hashbrowns "Covered" in processed American cheese, "Topped" with chili, or "Country" with sausage gravy amongst other topping options.
The chain operates throughout the United States.
Cheese fries are also served in many diners in the American Southwest; in Texas, for example, they usually include at least one variety of grated Cheddar cheese, and are commonly served with ranch dressing and, sometimes, bacon, jalapenos and chives, whereas in New Mexico, the fries are typically served with green chili and cheese, creating a dish that combines two Southwest favorites, french fries and chile con queso.
The secret menu at In-N-Out Burger includes "animal fries," a dish consisting of cheese, grilled onions, and the chain's "secret sauce" over fries.
Around Chicago in Northern Illinois, up though Wisconsin and into Minnesota, cheese fries are often made using a natural cheddar spread such as Merkt's brand, which has an intense flavor and distinctive texture.
Chili cheese fries are a common variation.
Article: Rugby union
Section: Women's rugby union

Question: What is the number of countries that play Women's rugby?

Records of women's rugby football date back to the late 19th century, with the first documented source being Emily Valentine's writings, stating that she set up a rugby team in Portora Royal School in Enniskillen, Ireland in 1887.
Although there are reports of early women's matches in New Zealand and France, one of the first notable games to prove primary evidence was the 1917 war-time encounter between Cardiff Ladies and Newport Ladies; a photo of which shows the Cardiff team before the match at the Cardiff Arms Park.
In the past 30 years the game has grown in popularity among female athletes, and, according to the IRB, is now played in over 100 countries.
The English based Women's Rugby Football Union (WRFU), responsible for women's rugby in England, Scotland Ireland and Wales, was founded in 1983, and is the oldest formally organised national governing body for women's rugby.
This was replaced in 1994 by the Rugby Football Union for Women (RFUW) in England with each of the other Home Nations governing their own countries.
The premier international competition in rugby union for women is the Women's Rugby World Cup, first held in 1991.
Since 1994 it has been held every four years.
Article: Grey's Anatomy
Section: Conception

Question: What title was also proposed for the show Grey's Anatomy?

Shonda Rhimes, the series' creator, wanted to make a show that she would enjoy watching, and thought it would be interesting to create a show about "smart women competing against one another".
When asked how she decided to develop a medical drama, Rhimes responded: The series was pitched to the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), who gave the green light, and the show was picked up as a mid-season replacement for "Boston Legal" in the 2005 television season.
Francie Calfo, executive vice president of development at ABC Entertainment, commented that ABC was looking for a medical show that was unlike the others airing at the time.
She pointed out that “shows are hard, and it was hard trying to figure out where ours could be different.
But where everybody else is speeding up their medical shows, [Rhimes found a way to slow it down, so you get to know the characters.
There's definitely a strong female appeal to it.
"Rhimes initially conceived "Grey's Anatomy" as a statement against racism.
She endeavored to create a show that featured a racially diverse cast that allowed viewers to relate to characters regardless of race.
While creating characters, as well as writing the first script, the series' writers had no character descriptions in mind, and hoped to cast the best actor available for each part.
Rhimes has explained that if the network did not allow her to create characters this way, she would have been hesitant about moving forward with the series.
Female roles in particular were developed as multi-faceted characters.
Rhimes offered her insight on this: "I wanted to create a world in which you felt as if you were watching very real women.
Most of the women I saw on TV didn't seem like people I actually knew.
They felt like ideas of what women are.
They never got to be nasty or competitive or hungry or angry.
They were often just the loving wife or the nice friend.
But who gets to be the bitch?
Who gets to be the three-dimensional woman?
"The series debuted on March 25, 2005 and was scheduled to run in the "Boston Legal" time slot for four weeks.
However, high ratings and viewership led to it holding onto the slot for the remainder of the season.
ABC Entertainment President, Steve McPherson, commented on the scheduling change: "Ultimately we decided that, without having adequate lead time or marketing dollars to devote to moving either show so late in the season, we'd continue to let ["Grey's Anatomy"] build on its tremendous momentum through May."
The show's title, "Grey's Anatomy", was devised as a play on words: a reference to both Henry Gray's medical textbook, "Gray's Anatomy", and the title character Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo).
Prior to broadcast, it was announced that the show's title would change from "Grey's Anatomy" to "Complications", although ultimately this did not come to pass.
The show was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013.
Article: Gymnastics
Section: Rhythmic gymnastics

Question: Is rhythmic gymnastics competed in by both genders?

Only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics although there is a new version of this discipline for men being pioneered in Japan (see Men's rhythmic gymnastics).
This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation.
The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic.
There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice.
Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution.
International competitions are split between Juniors, under sixteen by their year of birth; and Seniors, for women sixteen and over again by their year of birth.
Gymnasts in Russia and Europe typically start training at a very young age and those at their peak are typically in their late teens (15–19) or early twenties.
The largest events in the sport are the Olympic Games, World Championships, European Championships, World Cup and Grand-Prix Series.
Article: Juice
Section: Health benefits

Question: What vitamins does orange juice have?

Juices are often consumed for their perceived health benefits.
For example, orange juice is rich in vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, is an excellent source of bioavailable antioxidant phytochemicals and significantly improves blood lipid profiles in people affected with hypercholesterolemia.
Prune juice is associated with a digestive health benefit.
Cranberry juice has long been known to help prevent or even treat bladder infections, and it is now known that a substance in cranberries prevents bacteria from binding to the bladder.
Many fruit juices have a higher sugar (fructose) content than sweetened soft drinks; e.g., typical grape juice has 50% more sugar than Coca-Cola.
While soft drinks (e.g.
Coca-Cola) cause oxidative stress when ingested and may even lead to insulin resistance in the long term, the same thing cannot be attributed to fruit juices.
On the contrary, fruit juices are actually known for their ability to raise serum antioxidant capacity and even offset the oxidative stress and inflammation normally caused by high-fat and high-sugar meals.
Fruit juice consumption overall in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the US has increased in recent years, probably due to public perception of juices as a healthy natural source of nutrients and increased public interest in health issues.
Indeed, fruit juice intake has been consistently associated with reduced risk of many cancer types, might be protective against stroke and delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
The perception of commercial fruit juice as equal in health benefit to fresh fruit has been questioned, mainly because it lacks fiber and has often been highly processed.
High-fructose corn syrup, an ingredient of many juice cocktails, has been linked to the increased incidence of type II diabetes.
High consumption of juice is also linked to weight gain in some studies, but not in others.
In a controlled clinical study, regular consumption of grape juice for 12 weeks did not cause any weight gain in volunteers, but consumption of a soft drink did.
Fruit juice in moderate amounts can help children and adults meet daily recommendations for fruit consumption, nutrient intake and calories.
The American Academy of Pediatrics says that fruit juice should not be given to infants before 6 months of age.
For children ages 1 to 6, intake of fruit juice should be limited to 4 to 6 ounces per day (about a half to three-quarters of a cup).
Giving children excessive juice can lead to poor nutrition, diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, bloating, and tooth decay.
Article: Grey's Anatomy
Section: Overview

Question: What is the focus of the show Grey's Anatomy

Series synopsis.
"Greys Anatomy" follows the lives of surgical interns and residents at the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital (formerly Seattle Grace Hospital, Season 1-6, Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, Season 6-9, and then Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, Season 9-present), as they gradually evolve into seasoned doctors, with the help of their competent mentors.
Every installment, typically, commences with a voice-over narrative from Meredith Grey, foreshadowing the theme of the episode.
Each season tends to represent the physicians' academic year, with each completed year qualifying the residents at a level higher in the surgical field.
The season will always end with a finale, typically involving a tragic event such as a death or character departure.
Most installments revolve around the doctors' everyday lives as surgeons, but the show puts an emphasis on their personal, rather than professional, lives.
The series sets aside medical ethics concerns to focus on character development and relationships.
Although the physicians treat the illnesses of their patients, often through complex surgeries, their primary motivation is customarily praise and competition.
The residents initially arrive at the hospital each morning and dispute with one another over who will care for a certain patient.
A hospital superior is in charge of assigning cases, often traversing to tense feelings between the residents and superiors.
Episodes migrate back and forth from the doctors interacting with their patients, and with their co-workers.
Once assigned a case, each doctor diagnoses the patient, with the help of his or her attending physician, which usually leads to surgery.
The surgeons tend to form personal connections with their patients, with a patient often conveying a message to his or her doctor, which unintentionally relates to the doctor's private life.
The show displays the growth of relationships between the doctors, either friendly or sexual, often stemming to a clash between their personal and professional lives.
Emotional scenes are often accompanied by an indie rock background song, something that has become a hallmark of the series.
At the conclusion of each episode, Meredith delivers another voice-over, typically contrasting or following up on her initial one.
Article: Set Fire to the Rain
Section: Composition

Question: Who wrote Set Fire to the Rain?

"Set Fire to the Rain" is the fifth track on Adele's second album "21".
It was written with producer Fraser T Smith.
It is written in the key of D minor with a tempo of 108 beats per minute, following the chord progression of Dm–F–C–Gm–Dm–F–C–Csus4–C, and Adele's voice spans A3-D5.
The song describes the contradictory elements of a relationship, and the impossibility of letting go which is displayed in the lyrics "You and me together, nothing gets better/But there’s a side to you that I never knew, never knew/All the things you'd say, they were never true, never true/And the games you play, you would always win."
One of the most pop-influenced of the album, the song is characterised by John Murphy of MusicOMH as a "power ballad".
In contrast to the understated production of most songs on the album, the song features lush instrumentation and a swelling string arrangement over a mid-tempo rhythm, creating a wall of sound for the singer's mourning vocals.
Dave Simpson of "The Guardian" in an article revealed that Adele got inspiration for the song "when mah lightah stopped workin'" in the wet.
Article: Finland
Section: Cabinet

Question: When was the last time a dismissal occurred via parliamentary vote in Finland?

After parliamentary elections, the parties negotiate among themselves on forming a new cabinet (the Finnish Government), which then has to be approved by a simple majority vote in the parliament.
The cabinet can be dismissed by a parliamentary vote of no confidence, although this rarely happens (the last time in 1957), as the parties represented in the cabinet usually make up a majority in the parliament.
The cabinet exercises most executive powers, and originates most of the bills that the parliament then debates and votes on.
It is headed by the Prime Minister of Finland, and consists of him or her, of other ministers, and of the Chancellor of Justice.
The current prime minister is Jyrki Katainen (National Coalition Party).
Each minister heads his or her ministry, or, in some cases, has responsibility for a subset of a ministry's policy.
After the prime minister, the most powerful minister is the minister of finance.
As no one party ever dominates the parliament, Finnish cabinets are multi-party coalitions.
As a rule, the post of prime minister goes to the leader of the biggest party and that of the minister of finance to the leader of the second biggest.