community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Napoleonic Wars
Section: Abstract

Question: What period the war of Napoleonic happened?

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of wars between Napoleon's French Empire and opposing coalitions led by Great Britain.
As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionized European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly owing to the application of modern mass conscription.
French power rose quickly as Napoleon's armies conquered much of Europe but collapsed rapidly after France's disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812.
Napoleon was defeated in 1814; he returned and was finally defeated in 1815 at Waterloo, and all France's gains were taken away by the victors.
Before a final victory against Napoleon, five of seven coalitions saw defeat at the hands of France.
France defeated the first and second coalitions during the French Revolutionary Wars, the third (notably at Austerlitz), the fourth (notably at Jena, Eylau, and Friedland) and the fifth coalition (notably at Wagram) under the leadership of Napoleon.
These great victories gave the French Army a sense of invulnerability, especially when it approached Moscow.
But after the retreat from Russia, in spite of incomplete victories, France was defeated by the sixth coalition at Leipzig, in the Peninsular War at Vitoria and at the hands of the seventh coalition at Waterloo.
The wars resulted in the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and sowed the seeds of nascent nationalism in Germany and Italy that would lead to the two nations' respective consolidations later in the century.
Meanwhile, the global Spanish Empire began to unravel as French occupation of Spain weakened Spain's hold over its colonies, providing an opening for nationalist revolutions in Spanish America.
As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars, the British Empire became the foremost world power for the next century, thus beginning "Pax Britannica".
No consensus exists about when the French Revolutionary Wars ended and the Napoleonic Wars began.
An early candidate is 9 November 1799, the date of Bonaparte's coup seizing power in France.
However, the most common date is 18 May 1803, when renewed war broke out between Britain and France, ending the one-year-old Peace of Amiens, the only period of general peace in Europe between 1792 and 1814.
Most actual fighting ceased following Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo on 18 June 1815, although skirmishing continued as late as 3 July 1815 at the Battle of Issy.
The Second Treaty of Paris officially ended the wars on 20 November 1815.
Article: Captain Phillips (film)
Section: Critical reception

Question: How many BAFTA awards was the film nominated for?

"Captain Phillips" premiered on September 28, 2013, opening the 2013 New York Film Festival.
The film was praised for its direction, screenplay, production values, cinematography, and the performances of Tom Hanks and Barkhad Abdi.
"Captain Phillips" received widespread critical acclaim.
Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports a 93% approval critic response based on 235 reviews, with a "Certified Fresh" and an average score of 8.3/10.
The site's consensus reads: "Smart, powerfully acted, and incredibly intense, "Captain Phillips" offers filmgoers a Hollywood biopic done right—and offers Tom Hanks a showcase for yet another brilliant performance."
Metacritic gives the film a score of 83/100 based on 48 reviews of a "Universal Acclaim".
The film was nominated for 4 Golden Globes, including Best Picture (Drama), Best Actor in a Drama (Hanks), Best Supporting Actor (Abdi) and Best Director (Greengrass).
It did not win in any of the categories.
The film was also nominated for 9 BAFTA Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Greengrass), Best Actor (Hanks), Best Supporting Actor (Abdi) and Best Adapted Screenplay.
Abdi won the film's only BAFTA for Best Supporting Actor.
The film was also nominated for six Academy Awards; Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor (Abdi), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing.
It did not win in any of the categories.
Article: France
Section: Administrative divisions

Question: How many administrative regions is France divided into?

France is divided into 27 administrative regions, 22 in metropolitan France (including the territorial collectivity of Corsica), and five located overseas.
The regions are further subdivided into 101 departments, which are numbered mainly alphabetically.
This number is used in postal codes and vehicle number plates amongst others.
The 101 departments are subdivided into 341 arrondissements which are, in turn, subdivided into 4,051 cantons.
These cantons are then divided into 36,697 communes, which are municipalities with an elected municipal council.
There are 2,588 intercommunal entities grouping 33,414 of the 36,697 communes (i.e.
91.1% of all the communes).
Three communes, Paris, Lyon and Marseille are subdivided into 45 municipal arrondissements.
The regions, departments and communes are all known as territorial collectivities, meaning they possess local assemblies as well as an executive.
Arrondissements and cantons are merely administrative divisions.
However, this was not always the case.
Until 1940, the arrondissements were territorial collectivities with an elected assembly, but these were suspended by the Vichy regime and definitely abolished by the Fourth Republic in 1946.
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Literary works

Question: In what year was Hidden Faces released?

Under the encouragement of poet Federico García Lorca, Dalí attempted an approach to a literary career through the means of the "pure novel".
In his literary production "Hidden Faces" (1944), Dalí describes, in vividly visual terms, the intrigues and love affairs of a group of dazzling, eccentric aristocrats who, with their luxurious and extravagant lifestyle, symbolize the decadence of the 1930s.
The Comte de Grainsalles and Solange de Cléda pursue an awkward love affair, but property transactions, interwar political turmoil, the French Resistance, his marriage to another woman and her responsibilities as a landowner and businesswoman drive them apart.
It is variously set in Paris, rural France, Casablanca in North Africa and Palm Springs in the United States.
Secondary characters include ageing widow Barbara Rogers, her bisexual daughter Veronica, Veronica's sometime female lover Betka, and Baba, a disfigured US fighter pilot.
The novel concludes at the end of the Second World War, with Solange dying before Grainsalles can return to his former property and reunite with her His other, nonfictional literary works include "The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí" (1942), "Diary of a Genius" (1952–63), and "Oui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution " (1927–33).
Article: Italy
Section: Foreign relations

Question: About how many troops were deployed by Italy to support Operation Enduring Freedom in February 2003?

Italy is a founding member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Italy was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member and strong supporter of a wide number of international organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe, and the Central European Initiative.
Its recent turns in the rotating presidency of international organisations include the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE), the forerunner of the OSCE, in 1994; G8; and the EU in 2009 and from July to December 2003.
Italy strongly supports multilateral international politics, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities.
As of 2013, Italy was deploying 5,296 troops abroad, engaged in 33 UN and NATO missions in 25 countries of the world.
Italy deployed troops in support of UN peacekeeping missions in Somalia, Mozambique, and East Timor and provides support for NATO and UN operations in Bosnia, Kosovo and Albania.
Italy deployed over 2,000 troops in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) from February 2003.
Italy still supports international efforts to reconstruct and stabilize Iraq, but it had withdrawn its military contingent of some 3,200 troops by November 2006, maintaining only humanitarian operators and other civilian personnel.
In August 2006 Italy deployed about 2,450 troops in Lebanon for the United Nations' peacekeeping mission UNIFIL.
Italy is one of the largest financiers of the Palestinian National Authority, contributing € 60 million in 2013 alone.
Article: Industrial Revolution
Section: Transportation

Question: What modes were used to move coal to the rivers?

At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, inland transport was by navigable rivers and roads, with coastal vessels employed to move heavy goods by sea.
Railways or wagon ways were used for conveying coal to rivers for further shipment, but canals had not yet been constructed.
Animals supplied all of the motive power on land, with sails providing the motive power on the sea.
The Industrial Revolution improved Britain's transport infrastructure with a turnpike road network, a canal and waterway network, and a railway network.
Raw materials and finished products could be moved more quickly and cheaply than before.
Improved transportation also allowed new ideas to spread quickly.
Article: Sound City (film)
Section: Performance

Question: What five composers/primary artists worked on the movie "Sound City"?

 Robert Levon Been – composer, primary artist
 Tim Commerford – composer, primary artist
 Chris Goss – composer, primary artist
 Jessy Greene – composer, primary artist
 Dave Grohl – composer, primary artist
 Taylor Hawkins – composer, primary artist
 Peter Hayes – composer, primary artist
 Josh Homme – composer, primary artist
 Rami Jaffee – composer, primary artist
 Alain Johannes – composer, primary artist
 Jim Keltner – composer, primary artist
 Paul McCartney – composer, primary artist
 Nate Mendel – primary artist
 Stevie Nicks – composer, primary artist
 Rick Nielsen – composer, primary artist
 Krist Novoselic – composer, primary artist
 Scott Reeder – composer, primary artist
 Trent Reznor – composer, primary artist
 Pat Smear – composer, primary artist
 Rick Springfield – composer, primary artist
 Corey Taylor – composer, primary artist
 Lee Ving – composer, primary artist
 Brad Wilk – composer, primary artist
Article: The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
Section: Related works

Question: What damaged the painting in 1723?

"The anatomy lesson of Joan Deyman" (or "Jan Deijman")[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_008.jpg] painted by Rembrandt in 1656, was intended to be displayed in the Anatomical Hall in Amsterdam alongside "The anatomy lesson of Tulp.
Deijman was Tulp's immediate successor in the post of praelector chirugic et anatomie.
The painting was damaged by fire in 1723, and only a central fragment survives.
Around 1856 Édouard Manet visited The Hague and made a small oil on panel copy of "The Anatomy Lesson".
Broadly painted in a limited palette, Manet gave the painting to his physician, Dr. Siredey.
A less detailed copy of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp by an unknown artist hangs in Edinburgh as part of The University of Edinburgh Fine Art Collection"The Gross Clinic" of 1875 and "The Agnew Clinic" of 1889 are paintings by the American artist Thomas Eakins which treat a similar subject, operations on live patients in the presence of medical students.
In 2010, Yiull Damaso created a parody of the painting depicting prominent South Africans.
Nelson Mandela was the cadaver, Nkosi Johnson was the instructor, and the students were Desmond Tutu, F. W. de Klerk, Thabo Mbeki, Jacob Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa, Trevor Manuel, and Helen Zille.
The African National Congress condemned the work as disrespectful to Mandela, racist, and culturally insensitive to African taboos on depiction of living people as dead.
The 2011 video game "" references the painting in both in-game portraits that can be found on the wall and in a certain cinematic trailer, featuring the main protagonist Adam Jensen as the cadaver as Dr. Nicolaes and his students study his charred and ruined arms, which in the actual story become amputated and replaced with mechanical limbs.
The painting is discussed by the narrator (a young man) and his mother during a visit to the Met in "The Goldfinch", a 2013 novel by Donna Tartt.
In the 2012 German film Barbara, there is a scene in which Dr. Andre offers his interpretation of the painting to Dr. Barbara when she points out the inaccuracy of Arendt's left hand.
Article: Marathon
Section: Marathon races

Question: What marathon has the same course as the 1896 Olympic course?

 races.
Annually, more than 500 marathons are organized worldwide.
Some of these belong to the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) which has grown since its foundation in 1982 to embrace over 300 member events in 83 countries and territories.
The marathons of Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, New York City and Tokyo form the World Marathon Majors series, awarding $500,000 annually to the best overall male and female performers in the series.
In 2006, the editors of Runner's World selected a "World's Top 10 Marathons", in which the Amsterdam, Honolulu, Paris, Rotterdam, and Stockholm marathons were featured along with the five mentioned above.
Other notable large marathons include United States Marine Corps Marathon, Los Angeles, and Rome.
The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, inspired by the success of the 1896 Olympic marathon and held since 1897.
The oldest annual marathon in Europe is the Košice Peace Marathon, held since 1924 in Košice, Slovakia.
The historic Polytechnic Marathon was discontinued in 1996.
The Athens Classic Marathon traces the route of the 1896 Olympic course, starting in Marathon on the eastern coast of Attica, site of the Battle of Marathon of 490 B.C.E., and ending at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens.
The Midnight Sun Marathon is held in Tromsø, Norway at 70 degrees north.
Using unofficial and temporary courses, measured by GPS, races of marathon distance are now held at the North Pole, in Antarctica and over desert terrain.
Other unusual marathons include the Great Wall Marathon on The Great Wall of China, the Big Five Marathon among the safari wildlife of South Africa, the Great Tibetan Marathon – a marathon in an atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism at an altitude of , and the Polar Circle Marathon on the permanent ice cap of Greenland.
The Intercontinental Istanbul Eurasia Marathon is the only marathon where participants run over two continents (Europe and Asia) during the course of a single event.
In the Detroit Free Press Marathon, participants cross the US/Canadian border twice.
The Niagara Falls International Marathon includes one international border crossing, via the Peace Bridge from Buffalo, New York, United States to Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada.
Article: Mexico
Section: Tourism

Question: What sport is Bahio de La Concepcion known well for?

Mexico has been traditionally among the most visited countries in the world according to the World Tourism Organization and it is the most visited country in the Americas, after the United States.
The most notable attractions are the Meso-American ruins, cultural festivals, colonial cities, nature reserves and the beach resorts.
The nation's temperate climate and unique culture – a fusion of the European and the Meso-American – make Mexico an attractive destination.
The peak tourism seasons in the country are during December and the mid-Summer, with brief surges during the week before Easter and Spring break, when many of the beach resort sites become popular destinations for college students from the United States.
Mexico has the 23rd highest income from tourism in the world, and the highest in Latin America.
The vast majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada followed by Europe and Asia.
A smaller number also come from other Latin American countries.
In the 2011 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index report, Mexico was ranked 43rd in the world, which was 4th in the Americas .
The coastlines of Mexico harbor many stretches of beaches that are frequented by sun bathers and other visitors.
On the Yucatán peninsula, one of the most popular beach destinations is the resort town of Cancún, especially among university students during spring break.
Just offshore is the beach island of Isla Mujeres, and to the east is the Isla Holbox.
To the south of Cancun is the coastal strip called Riviera Maya which includes the beach town of Playa del Carmen and the ecological parks of Xcaret and Xel-Há.
A day trip to the south of Cancún is the historic port of Tulum.
In addition to its beaches, the town of Tulum is notable for its cliff-side Mayan ruins.
On the Pacific coast is the notable tourist destination of Acapulco.
Once the destination for the rich and famous, the beaches have become crowded and the shores are now home to many multi-story hotels and vendors.
Acapulco is home to renowned cliff divers: trained divers who leap from the side of a vertical cliff into the surf below.
At the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula is the resort town of Cabo San Lucas, a town noted for its beaches and marlin fishing.
Further north along the Sea of Cortés is the Bahía de La Concepción, another beach town known for its sports fishing.
Closer to the United States border is the weekend draw of San Felipe, Baja California.
Article: China
Section: Ethnic groups

Question: How many different ethnic groups are officially recognized in China?

China officially recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups, the largest ofwhich are the Han Chinese, who constitute about 91.51% of the totalpopulation.
The Han Chinese – the world's largest single ethnic group – outnumber other ethnic groups in every provincial-level division except Tibet and Xinjiang.
Ethnic minorities account for about 8.49% of the population of China, according tothe 2010 census.
Compared with the 2000 population census, the Han population increased by 66,537,177 persons, or 5.74%, while the population of the 55 national minorities combined increased by 7,362,627 persons, or 6.92%.
The 2010 census recorded a total of 593,832 foreign citizens living in China.
The largest such groups were from South Korea (120,750), theUnited States (71,493) and Japan (66,159).
Article: England
Section: Education

Question: How many public universities in England are public?

The Department for Education is the government department responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including education.
State-run and -funded schools are attended by approximately 93% of English schoolchildren.
Of these, a minority are faith schools, primarily Church of England or Catholic.
Between three and four is nursery school, 4 and 11 is primary school, and 11 to 16 is secondary school.
After finishing compulsory education, pupils take a GCSE examination, following which they may decide to continue in further education for two years.
Further education colleges, such as sixth form colleges are either separate or attached to the secondary school institution and prepare students to sit A-Level examinations, for higher education at universities.
Although most English secondary schools are comprehensive, in some areas there are selective intake grammar schools, to which entrance is subject to passing the eleven plus exam.
Around 7.2% of English schoolchildren attend private schools, which are funded by private sources.
Standards in state schools are monitored by the Office for Standards in Education, and in private schools by the Independent Schools Inspectorate.
Students normally enter universities in the United Kingdom from 18 onwards, where they study for an academic degree.
There are over 90 universities in England, all but one of which are public.
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills is the government department responsible for higher education in England.
Students are generally entitled to student loans for maintenance.
The first degree offered to undergraduates is the Bachelor's degree, which usually takes three years to complete.
Students are then eligible for a postgraduate degree, a Master's degree, taking one year, or a Doctorate degree, which takes three.
England's universities include some of the highest-ranked universities in the world; the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, the University of Oxford and University College London are all ranked in the global top 10 in the 2010 "QS World University Rankings".
The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research.
The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the "Financial Times".
Academic degrees in England are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class).
The King's School, Canterbury and King's School, Rochester are the oldest schools in the English-speaking world.
Many of England's better-known schools, such as Winchester College, Eton College, St Paul's School, Rugby School, and Harrow School are fee-paying institutions.
Article: Volleyball
Section: Origin of volleyball

Question: What was volleyball originally called?

Origin of volleyball.
On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called "Mintonette" as a pastime to be played (preferably) indoors and by any number of players.
The game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball.
Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before.
Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.
The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net high, a court, and any number of players.
A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents’ court.
In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed.
Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a side-out)—except in the case of the first-try serve.
After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfield College), the game quickly became known as "volleyball" (it was originally spelled as two words: ""volley ball"").
Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game spread around the country to various YMCAs.
Article: The New Normal (TV series)
Section: Premise

Question: What was the only thing missing in their relationship?

Bryan (Andrew Rannells) and David (Justin Bartha) are a happy gay couple living in Los Angeles, with successful careers.
The only thing missing in their relationship is a baby.
They meet Goldie Clemmons, (Georgia King), a single mother and waitress from Ohio.
Goldie left her adulterous husband and moved to L.A. with her 9-year-old daughter Shania (Bebe Wood) to escape their former life and start over.
Jane (Ellen Barkin), Goldie's conservative grandmother, follows them to the city against Goldie's wishes, thus causing havoc for her granddaughter and the couple.
Goldie decides to become Bryan and David's gestational surrogate, and naturally, her family gets involved.