community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Section: Planning direct action

Question: In what year did Apis and his fellow military conspirators dominate the Black Hand.

Planning direct action.
Danilo Ilić was a Bosnian Orthodox Serb.
He had worked as a school teacher and as a bank worker but in 1913 and 1914 he lived with, and outwardly off, his mother, who operated a small boarding house in Sarajevo.
Secretly, Ilić was leader of the Serbian-irredentist Black Hand cell in Sarajevo.
In late 1913, Danilo Ilić came to the Serbian listening post at Užice to speak to the officer in charge, Serbian Colonel C. A. Popović, who was a captain at the time and a member of the Black Hand.
Ilić recommended an end to the period of revolutionary organization building and a move to direct action against Austria-Hungary.
Popović passed Danilo Ilić on to Belgrade to discuss this matter with Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević, known more commonly as Apis.
By 1913, Apis and his fellow military conspirators (drawn heavily from the ranks of the May 1903 coup) had come to dominate what was left of the Black Hand.
There are no reports as to what took place between Ilić and Apis, but soon after their meeting, Apis's righthand man and fellow Black Hander, Serbian Major Vojislav Tankosić, who by this time was in charge of guerrilla training, called a Serbian irredentist planning meeting in Toulouse, France.
Amongst those summoned to the Toulouse meeting was Muhamed Mehmedbašić, a carpenter by trade and son of an impoverished Muslim noble from Herzegovina.
He too was a member of the Black Hand, having been sworn into the organization by Black Hand Provincial Director for Bosnia-Herzegovina Vladimir Gacinović and Danilo Ilić.
Mehmedbašić was (here quoting Albertini paraphrasing Mehmedbašić) "eager to carry out an act of terrorism to revive the revolutionary spirit of Bosnia."
During this January 1914 meeting, various possible Austro-Hungarian targets for assassination were discussed, including Franz Ferdinand.
However, the participants decided only to dispatch Mehmed Mehmedbašić to Sarajevo, to kill the Governor of Bosnia, Oskar Potiorek.
On his way to Bosnia-Herzegovina from France, police searched Mehmedbašić's train for a thief.
Thinking the police might be after him, he threw his weapons (a dagger and a bottle of poison) out the train window.
Once he arrived in Bosnia-Herzegovina he had to set about looking for replacement weapons.
Article: SeaWorld
Section: SeaWorld San Diego

Question: When did the first SeaWorld open?

SeaWorld San Diego.
SeaWorld San Diego, the first SeaWorld park, opened on March 21, 1964.
The park features shows such as "One Ocean", the current Shamu show and "Sea Lions Live", a comedic show with sea lions and otters.
Rides include Journey to Atlantis, a splashdown ride that also has characteristics of a roller coaster.
The Summer Nights program changes some shows and adds others.
One show featuring Shamu is available during the night called "Shamu Rocks", a rock concert choreographed to the killer whales, and then the fireworks show "Into the Blue", which uses music from the newest dolphin show "Blue Horizons".
Article: Henri Matisse
Section: The war years

Question: When did Henri Matisse and his wife separate?

He and his wife of 41 years separated in 1939.
In 1941, he underwent surgery in which a colostomy was performed.
Afterwards he started using a wheelchair, and until his death he was cared for by a Russian woman, Lydia Delektorskaya, formerly one of his models.
With the aid of assistants he set about creating cut paper collages, often on a large scale, called "gouaches découpés".
His Blue Nudes series feature prime examples of this technique he called "painting with scissors"; they demonstrate the ability to bring his eye for colour and geometry to a new medium of utter simplicity, but with playful and delightful power.
In the 1940s he also worked as a graphic artist and produced black-and-white illustrations for several books and over one hundred original lithographs at the Mourlot Studios in Paris.
In 1941, a nursing student named Monique Bourgeois responded to an ad placed by Matisse for a nurse.
A platonic friendship developed between Matisse and Bourgeois.
He discovered that she was an amateur artist, and taught her about perspective.
After Bourgeois left the position, Matisse sometimes contacted her to request that she model for him.
Bourgeois became a Dominican nun in 1946.
Matisse was much admired and repeatedly referred to by the Greek Nobelist poet Odysseas Elytis.
Elytis was introduced to Matisse through their common friend Tériade, during the work on the "Cutouts".
Matisse had painted the wall of the dining room of Tériade's residence, the "Villa Natacha" in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, which Elytis also mentioned in his poems.
Matisse, thoroughly unpolitical, was shocked when he heard that his daughter Marguerite, who had been active in the Résistance during the war, was tortured (almost to death) in a Rennes prison and sentenced to the Ravensbrück concentration camp.
(Marguerite avoided further imprisonment by escaping from the Ravensbrück-bound train, which was halted during an Allied air strike; she survived in the woods until rescued by fellow resisters.
)Matisse's student Rudolf Levy was killed in the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1944.
In 1947 he published "Jazz", a limited-edition artist's book of about one hundred prints of colourful paper cut collages, accompanied by his written thoughts.
Tériade, a noted twentieth-century art publisher, arranged to have Matisse's cutouts rendered as pochoir (stencil) prints.
Article: Thermodynamics
Section: Dependent and independent variables for a process

Question: What do you call variables that are chosen ahead of time?

A process is described by changes in values of state variables of systems or by quantities of exchange of matter and energy between systems and surroundings.
The change must be specified in terms of prescribed variables.
The choice of which variables are to be used is made in advance of consideration of the course of the process, and cannot be changed.
Certain of the variables chosen in advance are called the independent variables.
From changes in independent variables may be derived changes in other variables called dependent variables.
For example a process may occur at constant pressure with pressure prescribed as an independent variable, and temperature changed as another independent variable, and then changes in volume are considered as dependent.
Careful attention to this principle is necessary in thermodynamics.
Article: Last Supper
Section: Prediction of Judas' betrayal

Question: Who was predicted by Jesus to betray him?

In , , and during the meal, Jesus predicted that one of his Apostles would betray him.
Jesus is described as reiterating, despite each Apostle's assertion that he would not betray Jesus, that the betrayer would be one of those who were present, and saying that there would be "woe to the man who betrays the Son of man!
It would be better for him if he had not been born."
In and , Judas is specifically identified as the traitor.
In the Gospel of John, when asked about the traitor, Jesus states: “It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it in the dish.” Then, dipping the piece of bread, he gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot.
As soon as Judas took the bread, Satan entered into him."
Article: Henry Moore
Section: Abstract

Question: What year did Henry Spencer Moore pass away?

Henry Spencer Moore (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986) was an English sculptor and artist.
He was best known for his semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as public works of art.
His forms are usually abstractions of the human figure, typically depicting mother-and-child or reclining figures.
Moore's works are usually suggestive of the female body, apart from a phase in the 1950s when he sculpted family groups.
His forms are generally pierced or contain hollow spaces.
Many interpreters liken the undulating form of his reclining figures to the landscape and hills of his birthplace, Yorkshire.
Moore was born in Castleford, the son of a coal miner.
He became well-known through his carved marble and larger-scale abstract cast bronze sculptures, and was instrumental in introducing a particular form of modernism to the United Kingdom.
His ability in later life to fulfill large-scale commissions made him exceptionally wealthy.
Yet he lived frugally and most of the money he earned went towards endowing the Henry Moore Foundation, which continues to support education and promotion of the arts.
Article: Karate
Section: Kata

Question: How does a karateka get the formal rank?

Kata (型:かた) means literally "shape" or "model."
Kata is a formalized sequence of movements which represent various offensive and defensive postures.
These postures are based on idealized combat applications.
The applications applied in a demonstration with real opponents is referred to as a Bunkai.
The Bunkai shows how every stance and movement is used.
Bunkai is a useful tool to understand a kata.
To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required kata for that level.
The Japanese terminology for grades or ranks is commonly used.
Requirements for examinations vary among schools.
Article: Equestrianism
Section: Haute École

Question: Which haute ecole team is based in Queluz, Portugal?

The "haute école" (F. "high school"), an advanced component of Classical dressage, is a highly refined set of skills seldom used in competition but often seen in demonstration performances.
Leading haute ecole demonstration teams include:
 The Cadre Noir in Saumur, France.
 The Spanish Riding School in Vienna, Austria.
 The Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre in Queluz, Portugal.
Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
South African Lipizzaners of Midrand in South Africa.
Article: Henry Moore
Section: World War Two

Question: In what year was Moore given a commission from the Church of St. Matthew, Northampton to carve a Madonna and Child?

At the outbreak of the Second World War the Chelsea School of Art was evacuated to Northampton and Moore resigned his teaching post.
During the war, Moore produced powerful drawings of Londoners sleeping in the London Underground while sheltering from the Blitz.
Kenneth Clark, the chairman of the War Artists' Advisory Committee,WAAC, had previously tried to recruit Moore as a full-time salaried war artist and now agreed to purchase some of the shelter drewings and issued contracts for further examples.
The shelter drawings WAAC acquired were completed between the autumn of 1940 and the spring of 1941 and are regarded as among the finest products of the WAAC scheme.
In August 1941 WAAC commissioned Moore to drew miners working underground at the Wheldale Colliery in Yorkshire, where his father had worked at the start of the century.
Whereas Moore drew the people in the shelters as passively waiting the all-clear he shows the miners aggressively working the coal-faces.
These drawings helped to boost Moore's international reputation, particularly in America where examples were included in the WAAC "Britain at War" exhibition which toured North America throughout the war.
After their Hampstead home was hit by bomb shrapnel in September 1940, Moore and Irina moved out of London to live in a farmhouse called Hoglands in the hamlet of Perry Green near Much Hadham, Hertfordshire.
This was to become Moore's home and workshop for the rest of his life.
Despite acquiring significant wealth later in life, Moore never felt the need to move to larger premises and, apart from the addition of a number of outbuildings and studios, the house changed little over the years.
In 1943 he received a commission from the Church of St. Matthew, Northampton, to carve a Madonna and Child; this sculpture was the first in an important series of family-group sculptures.
Article: Last Supper
Section: Institution of the Eucharist

Question: What action is Jesus' actions in sharing bread and wine linked to?

The Eucharist, which "is recorded as celebrated by the early Christian community at Jerusalem and by St. Paul on his visit to Troas", is held to have been instituted by Christ.
The institution of the Lord's Supper is recorded in the three Synoptic Gospels and in Paul's first epistle to the Corinthians.
The words of institution differ slightly in each account, reflecting a Marcan tradition (upon which Matthew is based) and a Pauline tradition (upon which Luke is based).
In addition, is a disputed text which does not appear in some of the early manuscripts of Luke.
Some scholars, therefore, believe that it is an interpolation, while others have argued that it is original.
A comparison of the accounts given in the Gospels and 1 Corinthians is shown in the table below, with text from the ASV.
The disputed text from Luke 22:19b-20 is in italics.
Jesus' actions in sharing the bread and wine have been linked with which refers to a blood sacrifice that, as recounted in , Moses offered in order to seal a covenant with God.
Scholars often interpret the description of Jesus' action as asking his disciples to consider themselves part of a sacrifice, where Jesus is the one due to physically undergo it.
Although the Gospel of John does not include a description of the bread and wine ritual during the Last Supper, most scholars agree that (the Bread of Life Discourse) has a Eucharistic nature and resonates with the "words of institution" used in the Synoptic Gospels and the Pauline writings on the Last Supper.
Article: Marzipan
Section: Etymology

Question: Were the coins stashed in Ornate boxes?

The German name has largely ousted the original English name "marchpane" with the same apparent derivation: "March bread."
(The word "marchpane" occurs in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet", Act 1, Scene 5, Line 9.)
"Marzapane" is documented earlier in Italian than in any other language, and the sense "bread" for "pan" is Romance.
The origin could be from the Latin term "martius panis", which means "bread of March".
However, the ultimate etymology is unclear; for example, the Italian word derives from the Latin words "Massa" (itself from Greek Μάζα "Maza") meaning pastry and "Pan" meaning bread, this can be particularly seen in the Provençal "massapan", the Portuguese "maçapão" (where 'ç' is an alternative form for the phoneme 'ss') and old Spanish "mazapán" - the change from 'ss' to 'z' in Latin words was common in old Spanish and the 'r' appeared later.
Though, it could also be derived from martis pan, bread of March.
Among the other possible etymologies set forth in the Oxford English Dictionary, one theory proposes that the word "marzipan" may be a corruption of Martaban, a Burmese city famous for its jars.
The Real Academia Española suggests the idea of the Spanish word mazapán to be derived from the Hispanic Arabic بسمة pičmáṭ, which is derived from the Greek παξαμάδιον.
Another source could be from Arabic موثابان "mawthābān" "king who sits still."
The Arabic, Latinized as "matapanus", was used to describe a Venetian coin depicting an enthroned Christ the King.
These coins were stored in ornate boxes.
From about the fifteenth century, when the coins were no longer in circulation, the boxes became decorative containers for storing and serving luxury sweetmeats.
One such luxury that crept into the box in the sixteenth century is the now-famous almond-flavored marzipan, named (at least proximately) after the box in which it was stored.
However, if marzipan has its origin in Persia, it is not unlikely that the name may come from Marzban (in Persian: مرزبان, derived from the words Marz مرز meaning "border" or "boundary" and the suffix -bān بان meaning guardian), a class of margraves or military commanders in charge of border provinces of the Sassanid Empire of Persia (Iran) between 3rd and 7th centuries CE.
It is also a possibility that the origin of this dessert and the origin of the term come from different geographical places.
Article: Computer science
Section: Education

Question: When was the report "Running on Empty: The Failure to Teach K-12 Computer Science in the Digital Age" released?

Some universities teach computer science as a theoretical study of computation and algorithmic reasoning.
These programs often feature the theory of computation, analysis of algorithms, formal methods, concurrency theory, databases, computer graphics, and systems analysis, among others.
They typically also teach computer programming, but treat it as a vessel for the support of other fields of computer science rather than a central focus of high-level study.
The ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Curriculum Task Force "Computing Curriculum 2005" (and 2008 update) gives a guideline for university curriculum.
Other colleges and universities, as well as secondary schools and vocational programs that teach computer science, emphasize the practice of advanced programming rather than the theory of algorithms and computation in their computer science curricula.
Such curricula tend to focus on those skills that are important to workers entering the software industry.
The process aspects of computer programming are often referred to as software engineering.
While computer science professions increasingly drive the U.S. economy, computer science education is absent in most American K-12 curricula.
A report entitled "Running on Empty: The Failure to Teach K-12 Computer Science in the Digital Age" was released in October 2010 by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA), and revealed that only 14 states have adopted significant education standards for high school computer science.
The report also found that only nine states count high school computer science courses as a core academic subject in their graduation requirements.
In tandem with "Running on Empty", a new non-partisan advocacy coalition - Computing in the Core (CinC) - was founded to influence federal and state policy, such as the Computer Science Education Act, which calls for grants to states to develop plans for improving computer science education and supporting computer science teachers.
Within the United States a gender gap in computer science education has been observed as well.
Research conducted by the WGBH Educational Foundation and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) revealed that more than twice as many high school boys considered computer science to be a “very good” or “good” college major than high school girls.
In addition, the high school Advanced Placement (AP) exam for computer science has displayed a disparity in gender.
Compared to other AP subjects it has the lowest number of female participants, with a composition of about 15 percent women.
This gender gap in computer science is further witnessed at the college level, where 31 percent of undergraduate computer science degrees are earned by women and only 8 percent of computer science faculty consists of women.
According to an article published by the Epistemic Games Group in August 2012, the number of women graduates in the computer science field has declined to 13 percent.
Article: Shabu-shabu
Section: Preparation

Question: What ingredients are used in the making of Shabu-shabu?

The dish was originally made with thinly sliced beef , but some versions use pork, crab, chicken, lamb, duck, or lobster.
Most often, ribeye steak is used, but less tender cuts, such as top sirloin, are also common.
A more expensive meat, such as "wagyū", may also be used.
It is usually served with tofu and vegetables, including Chinese cabbage, chrysanthemum leaves, "nori" (edible seaweed), onions, carrots, shiitake mushrooms and enokitake mushrooms.
In some places, "udon", "mochi" or "harusame" noodles may also be served.
The dish is prepared by submerging a thin slice of meat or a piece of vegetable in a pot of boiling water or "dashi" (broth) made with "konbu" (kelp) and stirring it.
Cooked meat and vegetables are usually dipped in "ponzu" or "goma" (sesame seed) sauce before eating, and served with a bowl of steamed white rice.
Once the meat and vegetables have been eaten, leftover broth from the pot is customarily combined with the remaining rice, and the resulting soup is usually eaten last.
Article: Viva la Vida
Section: In popular culture

Question: When was the "Viva la Vida" available to download for the game Rock Band 3?

 Coldplay performed the song at the Closing Ceremony of London 2012 (the ceremony to mark the end of the Paralympic Games, and so also the end of the summer of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics).
 The song was performed simultaneously by amateur musicians across the U.K on 9 September 2012 as part of the Bandstand Marathon, the finale event of the London 2012 Festival.
 It was the last song played by Chris Moyles on his final BBC Radio 1 breakfast show on Friday 14 September 2012, the longest-running breakfast show in BBC Radio 1's history.
 Coldplay performed some of the song live in "The Simpsons" episode "Million Dollar Maybe".
 The song was used in the official soundtrack for "The Big Year"
 The song was played to the crew of the Space Shuttle Atlantis to wake them up on day two of STS-135, the final mission of the Space Shuttle program.
It was played for crew member Douglas Hurley.
 The song was used as a fanfare to welcome the Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (better known as the "Red Lions") during the National Day celebrations of 2011 in Singapore.
 The song was used by the People's Part of Freedom and Democracy of the Netherlands (VVD) when Party Leader and Prime Minister Mark Rutte walked on stage to present his acceptance speech after winning the 2012 parliamentary elections.
 The song also appears on NBA 2K13 and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 as part of the game's soundtrack.
 "Viva la Vida" has also been spoofed in a music video titled "Fallen Kingdom", created by YouTube's CaptainSparklez and TryHardNinja.
 This song has since been used as the main theme of Indonesian television channel ANTV, as part of the channel's 20th anniversary.
The song is the theme song of the Christian radio show Issues, Etc.
 As of 8 October 2011, the song has been made available for download in Rock Band 3 as by itself or as part of the "Coldplay Collection 1" track pack.