community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Part of Me (Katy Perry song)
Section: Composition and lyrical interpretation

Question: How was the song described by Andrew Hampp?

"Part of Me" is a power pop song set to a house beat.
It is composed in the key of D minor and set in a 4/4 time signature at a tempo of 130 beats per minute.
The melody spans the tonal range of D4 to D5, while the music follows the chord progression of Dm–F–Bb-C. Production was done by Perry's frequent collaborator, Dr. Luke.
The song begins with Perry's somber and emotional delivery of the line, "Days like this I want to drive away/ Pack my bags and watch your shadow fade."
At the bridge, the beat amplifies and Perry's lyrics become more aggressive as she commands "Now Look at Me!
", signalling to her ex that she is still strong, regardless of what he tries to do to bring her down.
The beat reaches a peak at the chorus, and Perry's tone and the song's lyrics become more aggressive and prominent as she sings, "This is the Part of me that you're never-ever gonna take away from me."
As the song continues, Perry's lyrics become strong and empowered: "So you can keep the diamond ring/ It don't mean nothing anyway/ In fact you can keep everything Yeah/ Yeah Except for me".
Perry repeats the ending chorus as the beat fades.
James Dinh of MTV noted that "the pop star appears strong, bold and just a tad resentful after a breakup" on the track.
His analysis of the lyrics observed that "The singer declares herself unbreakable after a breakup, evident in lines such as "Days like this I want to drive away/ Pack my bags and watch your shadow fade/ 'Cause you chewed me up and spit me out/ Like I was poison in your mouth/ You took my light, you drained me down/ But that was then and this is now, now look at me."
Dinh pointed out similarities between "Part of Me" and Perry's previous single "California Gurls", noting that "the tune's steady beat amplifies" as the chorus starts.
Andrew Hampp of "Billboard" described the song as a "dance-floor rave up", and compared the song's composition to Jessie J's "Domino".
Edna Gundersen from" USA Today" stated: "Katy Perry could be addressing her ex or her detractors on this defiant slapdown, a gleaming "Firework"-like pop torpedo propelled by slick beats and a brazen chorus."
Chris Ryan, also of MTV, inferred that the song was aimed at Perry's ex-boyfriend Travie McCoy, while "New York" magazine journalist Amanda Dobbis described it as "another break-up anthem".
Fans and media noted differences in the lyrics between the demo and the single, and claimed that the changes redirected the song's subject from McCoy to Perry's ex-husband Russell Brand, from whom she had recently divorced.
Perry declared it was not about Brand, stating:I wrote it two years ago, which is funny because everybody is like "God, it sounds so current," and some people that I work with were like "You should just say you wrote it a couple of weeks ago."
I'm like "I'm not a dick, I'm going to tell the truth."
I wrote it two years ago when I was writing and recording Teenage Dream, it didn't feel right on the record.
I would've had to take out one of my other songs that [made the album a nice, complete package.
Article: Tokyo Disneyland
Section: Future of Disneyland Tokyo

Question: Which of the Disney resorts is seen as the most profitable?

Since the park opened in 1983, Disney Tokyo has regularly been the most profitable Disney Resort.
By 1994, over 140 million people had entered through the gates of Tokyo Disneyland (the population of Japan is only 127.6 million) and the popularity has only increased.
Just two years later, it employed 12,390 people, marking Disneyland Tokyo as the biggest workplace in Japan’s diversionary outings.
Though the attendance is similar to that of other Japanese theme parks, the revenue produced by Tokyo Disney is larger than all other national theme parks combined, thus greatly profiting the Japanese economy.
Many speculate that Disney Tokyo is such an economic success due to timing and location; the theme park lies in a metropolitan area with a population of 30 million and opened at the height of a booming economy where hard-working citizens desired a fun escape from reality.
One of the main goals of Tokyo Japan is to ever improve the park and grow away from the restrictions of American Disney.
Recently Japan has been merging their national identity with the Disneyland Park by adding attractions with distinctly Japanese qualities.
Cinderella Castle displays the classic Disney character and story plot yet presents the story through the eyes of the Japanese.
Meet the World, located in World Bazaar, shows true national identity and pride as it embodies Japanese history; instead of classic Disney characters, Meet the world characters wear the traditional Japanese Kimono.
Once nominated by Disney Legends, Masatomo Takahashi, the former president of The Oriental Land Company, states this growth and development as one as their primary goals: “We must not just repeat what we receive from Disney.
I am convinced that we must contribute to the cultural exchange between Japan and U.S.A."
Article: Navy Pier
Section: Plans

Question: When did work begin on renovation of Navy Pie?

On January 13, 2006, the Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority released plans for a major renovation of the Pier, which would include a monorail, a spokeless Ferris wheel, a roller coaster, floating hotel, and an water park with a Great Lakes theme.
The plan would include nearly double the current parking and a replacement theater with a greater capacity.
At the time of the announcement, a price tag of $2 billion was announced.
No concrete progress was made on those proposals, as the financial condition of the Pier suffered with the recession.
Following the reorganization of the agency that runs Navy Pier and McCormick Place, a new study was commissioned to reinvigorate the upgrade process.
The new study, by the Urban Land Institute, was released on November 11, 2010, and recommended a more modest set of enhancements aimed at retaining the Pier's role as a public space, rather than turning it into a theme park.
Suggested elements include a concert venue, an enlarged Chicago Shakespeare Theater space, new restaurants, a renovated commercial area around the Pier's entrance, and additional park-like features to bring people closer to the lake.
More grandiose possibilities, including the enlarged Ferris wheel and a hotel, are mentioned as more remote possibilities.
In March 2012 a competition led to selection of a design concept presented by a team led by James Corner of James Corner Field Operations that focuses on the Pier's role as a waterfront promenade.
In 2013 the Authority announced plans to carry out the first elements of a streamlined version of that concept, with reworked streetscape and a wider pedestrian space, moving tour-boat moorings to improve the view from a new central stairway centered on the Ferris wheel.
Work began during the winter of 2013-2014, with completion expected by Summer 2015.
Article: Switzerland
Section: Federal state

Question: What did an early draft introduce?

The restoration of the power to the patriciate was only temporary.
After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war broke out in 1847 when some of the Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the "Sonderbundskrieg").
The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire.
However minor the Sonderbundskrieg seems to be when compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland.
The war convinced most Swiss of the need for unity and strength towards its European neighbours.
Swiss people from all strata of society, whether Catholic or Protestant, from the liberal or conservative current, realised that the cantons would profit more if their economic and religious interests were merged.
Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example.
This constitution provided for a central authority while leaving the cantons the right to self-government on local issues.
Giving credit to those who favoured the power of the cantons (the Sonderbund Kantone), the national assembly was divided between an upper house (the Swiss Council of States, 2 representatives per canton) and a lower house (the National Council of Switzerland, representatives elected from across the country).
Referenda were made mandatory for any amendment of this constitution.
A system of single weights and measures was introduced and in 1850 the Swiss franc became the Swiss single currency.
Article 11 of the constitution forbade sending troops to serve abroad, though the Swiss were still obliged to serve Francis II of the Two Sicilies with Swiss Guards present at the Siege of Gaeta in 1860, marking the end of foreign service.
An important clause of the constitution was that it could be re-written completely if this was deemed necessary, thus enabling it to evolve as a whole rather than being modified one amendment at a time.
This need soon proved itself when the rise in population and the Industrial Revolution that followed led to calls to modify the constitution accordingly.
An early draft was rejected by the population in 1872 but modifications led to its acceptance in 1874.
It introduced the facultative referendum for laws at the federal level.
It also established federal responsibility for defense, trade, and legal matters.
In 1891, the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of direct democracy, which remain unique even today.
Article: Yellowstone National Park
Section: Heritage and Research Center

Question: What is the location of the Heritage and Research Center?

The Heritage and Research Center is located at Gardiner, Montana, near the north entrance to the park.
The center is home to the Yellowstone National Park's museum collection, archives, research library, historian, archeology lab, and herbarium.
The Yellowstone National Park Archives maintain collections of historical records of Yellowstone and the National Park Service.
The collection includes the administrative records of Yellowstone, as well as resource management records, records from major projects, and donated manuscripts and personal papers.
The archives are affiliated with the National Archives and Records Administration.
Article: Electromagnetism
Section: Photoelectric effect

Question: Planck's results challenged what views?

In another paper published in that same year, Albert Einstein undermined the very foundations of classical electromagnetism.
In his theory of the photoelectric effect (for which he won the Nobel prize for physics) and inspired by the idea of Max Planck's "quanta", he posited that light could exist in discrete particle-like quantities as well, which later came to be known as photons.
Einstein's theory of the photoelectric effect extended the insights that appeared in the solution of the ultraviolet catastrophe presented by Max Planck in 1900.
In his work, Planck showed that hot objects emit electromagnetic radiation in discrete packets ("quanta"), which leads to a finite total energy emitted as black body radiation.
Both of these results were in direct contradiction with the classical view of light as a continuous wave.
Planck's and Einstein's theories were progenitors of quantum mechanics, which, when formulated in 1925, necessitated the invention of a quantum theory of electromagnetism.
This theory, completed in the 1940s-1950s, is known as quantum electrodynamics (or "QED"), and, in situations where perturbation theory is applicable, is one of the most accurate theories known to physics.
Article: Biomolecule
Section: Nucleosides and nucleotides

Question: How do nucleosides form?

Nucleosides are molecules formed by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose or deoxyribose ring.
Examples of these include cytidine (C), uridine (U), adenosine (A), guanosine (G), thymidine (T) and inosine (I).
Nucleosides can be phosphorylated by specific kinases in the cell, producing nucleotides.
Both DNA and RNA are polymers, consisting of long, linear molecules assembled by polymerase enzymes from repeating structural units, or monomers, of mononucleotides.
DNA uses the deoxynucleotides C, G, A, and T, while RNA uses the ribomucleotides (which have an extra hydroxyl(OH) group on the pentose ring) C, G, A, and U.
Modified bases are fairly common (such as with methyl groups on the base ring), as found in ribosomal RNA or transfer RNAs or for discriminating the new from old strands of DNA after replication.
Each nucleotide is made of an acyclic nitrogenous base, a pentose and one to three phosphate groups.
They contain carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and phosphorus.
They serve as sources of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate), participate in cellular signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions (coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).
Article: Chocolate brownie
Section: Abstract

Question: When did the chocolate brownie become popular?

A chocolate brownie is a flat, baked square or bar developed in the United States at the end of the 19th century and popularized in both the U.S. and Canada during the first half of the 20th century.
The brownie is a cross between a cake and a cookie in texture.
Brownies come in a variety of forms.
They are either fudgy or cakey, depending on their density, and they may include nuts, frosting, whipped cream, chocolate chips, or other ingredients.
A variation that is made with brown sugar and no chocolate is called a blondie.
Brownies are common lunchbox fare, typically eaten by hand, and often accompanied by milk or coffee.
They are sometimes served warm with ice cream (à la mode), topped with whipped cream or marzipan, or sprinkled with powdered sugar.
They are especially popular in restaurants, where they can be found in variation on many dessert menus.
Article: Chilli crab
Section: Origins

Question: When did Ng YenYen say other countries were hijacking their food?

In 1956, Cher Yam Tian and her husband Lim Choo Ngee began selling stir-fried crabs mixed with bottled chilli and tomato sauce from a pushcart.
This was an improvised recipe; the original one did not involve bottled chilli sauce.
A successful business selling this dish prompted the establishment of a non-mobile restaurant situated in Palm Beach.
In September 2009, Ng Yen Yen, Malaysia's Tourism Minister, controversially claimed that, among other dishes, that "Chilli crab is Malaysian", accusing "other countries" of "hijacking our food".
Evidence supporting her claim has yet to be put forth.
Article: Sien (Van Gogh series)
Section: Abstract

Question: How did Sien die?

Sien (Van Gogh series)Vincent van Gogh drew and painted a series of works of his mistress Sien during their time together in the Netherlands.
In particular, his drawing "Sorrow" is widely acknowledged as a masterwork of draftsmanship, the culmination of a long and sometimes uncertain apprenticeship in learning his craft.
Commonly called Sien Hoornik, Clasina Maria Hoornik (1850 - 1904) lived with van Gogh during much of his time in The Hague from 1881 to 1883.
Van Gogh used Sien, a pregnant prostitute, as a model for his work and later took Sien and her daughter into his home.
Van Gogh made drawings and paintings of Sien and her daughter, baby and mother over that period, which reflected the domestic life and hardships of the working poor.
Their relationship was not accepted by his family or supporters, although his brother Theo did not withdraw his support over it.
It did contribute undoubtedly, however, to a split with Anton Mauve, a cousin-in-law and noted painter of the Hague School, who had introduced van Gogh to painting as well as supporting him financially, and whom van Gogh revered.
At his brother Theo's urging, van Gogh left Sien in 1883 to paint in Drenthe, putting an end to the only domestic relationship he was ever to have.
Sien resumed her life as a seamstress, cleaning woman and likely prostitute before marrying in 1901.
On 12 November 1904, aged 54, she threw herself into the Schelde river and drowned, fulfilling a prophecy she had made to van Gogh in 1883: "Yes, I'm a whore ... it’s bound to end up with me jumping into the water."
Article: French fries
Section: Abstract

Question: How are fries different from chips?

French fries (American English) or chips, fries, finger chips, or French-fried potatoes are batons of deep-fried potato.
Americans and most Canadians refer to any elongated pieces of fried potatoes as "fries", while in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, long, thinly cut slices of fried potatoes are sometimes called "fries" to distinguish them from the more thickly cut strips called chips.
French fries are served hot and generally eaten as an accompaniment with lunch or dinner, or eaten as a snack, and they are a common fixture of fast food.
French fries are generally salted and, in their simplest and most common form, are served with ketchup; in many countries, though, they are topped instead with other condiments or toppings, including vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialities.
Fries can also be topped more elaborately, as is the case with the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.
Sometimes, fries are made with sweet potatoes instead of potatoes, are baked instead of fried, or are cut into unusual shapes, as is the case with curly fries, wavy fries, or tornado fries.
Article: Family Guy
Section: Criticism and controversy

Question: Who was the critic from Entertainment Weekly that gave negative reviews of Family Guy?

One of the initial critics to give the show negative reviews was Ken Tucker from "Entertainment Weekly"; he called it ""The Simpsons" as conceived by a singularly sophomoric mind that lacks any reference point beyond other TV shows".
The Parents Television Council (PTC), a conservative, non-profit watchdog, has attacked the series since its premiere and has branded various episodes as "Worst TV Show of the Week".
In May 2000 the PTC launched a letter-writing campaign to the Fox network in an effort to persuade the network to cancel the show.
The PTC has placed the show on their annual lists of "Worst Prime-Time Shows for Family Viewing" in 2000, 2005, and 2006.
The Federal Communications Commission has received multiple petitions requesting that the show be blocked from broadcasting on indecency grounds.
Tucker and the PTC have both accused the show of portraying religion negatively, and of being racist.
Because of the PTC, some advertisers have canceled their contracts after reviewing the content of the episodes, claiming it to be unsuitable.
Critics have compared the show's humor and characters with those of "The Simpsons".
Various episodes of the show have generated controversy.
In "The Son Also Draws" (season one, 1999) Peter jokes that "Canada sucks"; this caused controversy with Canadian viewers.
In "420" (season seven, 2009) Brian decides to start a campaign to legalize cannabis in Quahog; the Venezuelan government reacted negatively to the episode and banned "Family Guy" from airing on their local networks, which generally syndicate American programming.
Venezuelan justice minister Tareck El Aissami, citing the promotion of the use of cannabis, stated that any cable stations that did not stop airing the series would be fined; the government showed a clip which featured Brian and Stewie singing the praises of marijuana as a demonstration of how the United States supports cannabis use.
In "Extra Large Medium" (season eight, 2010) a character named Ellen (who has Down syndrome) states that her mother is the former Governor of Alaska, which strongly implies that her mother is Sarah Palin, the only woman to have served in the office of governor in the state.
Sarah Palin, the mother of a special-needs child, criticized the episode in an appearance on "The O'Reilly Factor", calling those who made the show "cruel, cold-hearted people."
Article: Computer science
Section: Education

Question: What is the process aspect of computer programming?

Some universities teach computer science as a theoretical study of computation and algorithmic reasoning.
These programs often feature the theory of computation, analysis of algorithms, formal methods, concurrency theory, databases, computer graphics, and systems analysis, among others.
They typically also teach computer programming, but treat it as a vessel for the support of other fields of computer science rather than a central focus of high-level study.
The ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Curriculum Task Force "Computing Curriculum 2005" (and 2008 update) gives a guideline for university curriculum.
Other colleges and universities, as well as secondary schools and vocational programs that teach computer science, emphasize the practice of advanced programming rather than the theory of algorithms and computation in their computer science curricula.
Such curricula tend to focus on those skills that are important to workers entering the software industry.
The process aspects of computer programming are often referred to as software engineering.
While computer science professions increasingly drive the U.S. economy, computer science education is absent in most American K-12 curricula.
A report entitled "Running on Empty: The Failure to Teach K-12 Computer Science in the Digital Age" was released in October 2010 by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA), and revealed that only 14 states have adopted significant education standards for high school computer science.
The report also found that only nine states count high school computer science courses as a core academic subject in their graduation requirements.
In tandem with "Running on Empty", a new non-partisan advocacy coalition - Computing in the Core (CinC) - was founded to influence federal and state policy, such as the Computer Science Education Act, which calls for grants to states to develop plans for improving computer science education and supporting computer science teachers.
Within the United States a gender gap in computer science education has been observed as well.
Research conducted by the WGBH Educational Foundation and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) revealed that more than twice as many high school boys considered computer science to be a “very good” or “good” college major than high school girls.
In addition, the high school Advanced Placement (AP) exam for computer science has displayed a disparity in gender.
Compared to other AP subjects it has the lowest number of female participants, with a composition of about 15 percent women.
This gender gap in computer science is further witnessed at the college level, where 31 percent of undergraduate computer science degrees are earned by women and only 8 percent of computer science faculty consists of women.
According to an article published by the Epistemic Games Group in August 2012, the number of women graduates in the computer science field has declined to 13 percent.