community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Football
Section: Official disapproval and attempts to ban football

Question: In what year during the 15th century did Scotland pass the Football Act?

Numerous attempts have been made to ban football games, particularly the most rowdy and disruptive forms.
This was especially the case in England and in other parts of Europe, during the Middle Ages and early modern period.
Between 1324 and 1667, football was banned in England alone by more than 30 royal and local laws.
The need to repeatedly proclaim such laws demonstrated the difficulty in enforcing bans on popular games.
King Edward II was so troubled by the unruliness of football in London that on April 13, 1314 he issued a proclamation banning it: "Forasmuch as there is great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls from which many evils may arise which God forbid; we command and forbid, on behalf of the King, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city in the future.
"The reasons for the ban by Edward III, on June 12, 1349, were explicit: football and other recreations distracted the populace from practicing archery, which was necessary for war.
In 1424, the Parliament of Scotland passed a Football Act that stated "it is statut and the king forbiddis that na man play at the fut ball under the payne of iiij d" – in other words, playing football was made illegal, and punishable by a fine of four pence.
By 1608, the local authorities in Manchester were complaining that: "With the ffotebale...hath beene greate disorder in our towne of Manchester we are told, and glasse windowes broken yearlye and spoyled by a companie of lewd and disordered persons ..." That same year, the word"football" was used disapprovingly by William Shakespeare.
Shakespeare's play "King Lear" contains the line: "Nor tripped neither, you base football player" (Act I, Scene 4).
Shakespeare also mentions the game in "A Comedy of Errors" (Act II, Scene 1):"Spurn" literally means "to kick away", thus implying that the game involved kicking a ball between players.
King James I of England's "Book of Sports" (1618) however, instructs Christians to play at football every Sunday afternoon after worship.
The book's aim appears to be an attempt to offset the strictness of the Puritans regarding the keeping of the Sabbath.
Article: The Matrix
Section: Abstract

Question: What was the worldwide gross for The Matrix?

The Matrix is a 1999 American–Australian science fiction action film written and directed by The Wachowski Brothers, starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantoliano.
It depicts a dystopian future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called "the Matrix", created by sentient machines to subdue the human population, while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source.
Computer programmer "Neo" learns this truth and is drawn into a rebellion against the machines, which involves other people who have been freed from the "dream world".
"The Matrix" is known for popularizing a visual effect known as "bullet time", in which the heightened perception of certain characters is represented by allowing the action within a shot to progress in slow-motion while the camera's viewpoint appears to move through the scene at normal speed.
The film is an example of the cyberpunk science fiction genre.
It contains numerous references to philosophical and religious ideas, and prominently pays homage to works such as Plato's Allegory of the Cave, Jean Baudrillard's "Simulacra and Simulation" and Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".
The Wachowskis' approach to action scenes drew upon their admiration for Japanese animation and martial arts films, and the film's use of fight choreographers and wire fu techniques from Hong Kong action cinema was influential upon subsequent Hollywood action film productions.
"The Matrix" was first released in the United States on , 1999, and grossed over $460 million worldwide.
It was generally well-received by critics, and won four Academy Awards as well as other accolades including BAFTA Awards and Saturn Awards.
Reviewers praised "The Matrix" for its innovative visual effects, cinematography and its entertainment.
The film's premise was both criticized for being derivative of earlier science fiction works, and praised for being intriguing.
The action also polarized critics, some describing it as impressive, but others dismissing it as a trite distraction from an interesting premise.
Despite this, the film has since appeared in lists of the greatest science fiction films,--> and in 2012, was added to the National Film Registry for preservation.
The success of the film led to the release of two feature film sequels, both written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers, "The Matrix Reloaded" and "The Matrix Revolutions".
The "Matrix" franchise was further expanded through the production of comic books, video games, and animated short films in which the Wachowskis were heavily involved.
Article: Republic of Ireland
Section: Politics

Question: What type of government does Ireland have?

Ireland is a constitutional republic with a parliamentary system of government.
The is the bicameral national parliament composed of the President of Ireland and the two Houses of the Oireachtas:The President serves as head of state, and is elected for a seven-year term and may be re-elected once.
The President is primarily a figurehead, but is entrusted with certain constitutional powers with the advice of the Council of State.
The office has absolute discretion in some areas, such as referring a bill to the Supreme Court for a judgement on its constitutionality.
Michael D. Higgins became the ninth President of Ireland on 11 November 2011.
The serves as the head of government and is appointed by the President upon the nomination of the .
Most "" have served as the leader of the political party that gains the most seats in national elections.
It has become customary for coalitions to form a government, as there has not been a single-party government since 1989.
Enda Kenny assumed the office of Taoiseach on 9 March 2011.
The is composed of sixty members, with eleven nominated by the , six elected by two universities, and 43 elected by public representatives from panels of candidates established on a vocational basis.
The has 166 members () elected to represent multi-seat constituencies under the system of proportional representation and by means of the single transferable vote.
The Government is constitutionally limited to fifteen members.
No more than two members can be selected from the , and the , (deputy prime minister) and Minister for Finance must be members of the .
The Dáil must be dissolved within five years after its first meeting following the previous election, and a general election for members of the Dáil must take place no later than thirty days after the dissolution.
According to the Constitution of Ireland, parliamentary elections must be held at least every seven years, though a lower limit may be set by statute law.
The current government is a coalition administration led by with Enda Kenny as , supported by the Labour Party with Eamon Gilmore as .
Opposition parties in the current are Fianna Fáil, Sinn Féin, the Socialist Party, the PBPA, the WUAG, as well as a number of Independents.
Ireland has been a member state of the European Union since 1973, but has chosen to remain outside the Schengen Area.
Citizens of the United Kingdom can freely enter the country without a passport due to the Common Travel Area, which is a passport-free zone comprising the islands of Ireland, Great Britain, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
However, some identification is required at airports and seaports.
Article: Friends
Section: Season 9

Question: How did the Season 9 finale end?

Season nine begins with Ross and Rachel living together as roommates with baby Emma.
Monica and Chandler try to conceive a baby of their own but find out that they are unable to, due to health restrictions.
Phoebe begins dating Mike Hannigan (Paul Rudd), and chooses to be with him over her ex-boyfriend David (Hank Azaria).
Rachel and Emma move in with Joey in the middle of the season, and Rachel develops romantic feelings for him, while the rest of the "friends" try hard to get Ross and Rachel back together.
The group travels to Barbados in the finale to hear Ross give a keynote speech at a palaeontology conference.
Joey and his girlfriend Charlie (Aisha Tyler) break up, and she begins a relationship with Ross.
Joey and Rachel's feelings for each other return, and the finale ends with them kissing.
Article: The Scream
Section: In popular culture

Question: What action of Munch's prefigured Andy Warhol's later use of Munch's work?

In the late twentieth century, "The Scream" was imitated, parodied, and outright copies have been made following its copyright expiration, which led to it acquiring an iconic status in popular culture.
It was used on the cover of some editions of Arthur Janov's book "The Primal Scream".
In 1983–1984, pop artist Andy Warhol made a series of silk prints copying works by Munch, including "The Scream".
His stated intention was to desacralize the painting by making it into a mass-reproducible object.
Munch had already begun that process, however, by making a lithograph of the work for reproduction.
Erró's ironic and irreverent treatment of Munch's masterpiece in his acrylic paintings "The Second Scream" (1967) and "Ding Dong" (1979) is considered a characteristic of post-modern art.
Cartoonist Gary Larson included a "tribute" to "The Scream" (entitled "The Whine") in his "Wiener Dog Art" painting and cartoon compilation, in which the central figure is replaced by a howling dachshund.
"The Scream" has been used in advertising, in cartoons, such as "The Simpsons", films, and on television.
The principal alien antagonists depicted in the 2011 BBC series of "Doctor Who", named "The Silence", have an appearance partially based on "The Scream".
The Ghostface mask worn by the primary antagonists of the "Scream" series of horror movies is based on the painting, and was created by Fun World employee, Brigitte Sleiertin, as a Halloween costume, prior to being discovered by Marianne Maddalena and Wes Craven for the film.
In 2013, The Scream was one of four paintings that the Norwegian postal service chose for a series of stamps marking the 150th anniversary of Edvard Munch’s birth.
A patient resource group for trigeminal neuralgia (which has been described as the most painful condition in existence) have also adopted the image as a symbol of the condition.
Article: The Godfather
Section: Video game

Question: What was the video game version of The Godfather released?

In March 2006, a video game version of "The Godfather" was released by Electronic Arts.
Before his death, Marlon Brando provided voice work for Vito; however, owing to poor sound quality from Brando's failing health, only parts of the recordings could be used.
A sound-alike's voice had to be used in the "missing parts".
James Caan, Robert Duvall, and Abe Vigoda lent their voices and likenesses as well, and several other "Godfather" cast members had their likeness in the game.
However, Al Pacino's likeness and voice (Michael Corleone) was not in the game as Al Pacino sold his likeness and voice exclusively for use in the "" video game.
Francis Ford Coppola said in April 2005 that he was not informed and did not approve of Paramount allowing the game's production, and openly criticized the move.
Article: England
Section: Law

Question: Which entity oversees most English prisons?

The English law legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countries and the United States (except Louisiana).
Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system of the Courts of England and Wales continued, under the Treaty of Union, as a separate legal system from the one used in Scotland.
The general essence of English law is that it is made by judges sitting in courts, applying their common sense and knowledge of legal precedent—"stare decisis"—to the facts before them.
The court system is headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice for civil cases, and the Crown Court for criminal cases.
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court for criminal and civil cases in England and Wales.
It was created in 2009 after constitutional changes, taking over the judicial functions of the House of Lords.
A decision of the Supreme Court is binding on every other court in the hierarchy, which must follow its directions.
Crime increased between 1981 and 1995, but fell by 42% in the period 1995–2006.
The prison population doubled over the same period, giving it the highest incarceration rate in Western Europe at 147 per 100,000.
Her Majesty's Prison Service, reporting to the Ministry of Justice, manages most prisons, housing over 85,000 convicts.
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Critical

Question: When was it announced as the most played song of the decade?

The song was nominated for a 2007 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song, as well as for a 2007 BRIT Award for Best British Single.
In 2007, "Chasing Cars" was voted number 1 in the Top 500 Songs: The Words Behind the Music, on Bristol's GWR FM (and other stations in The One Network).
Music's Adam Webb, however had mixed feelings for the single, when he awarded it 5 stars out of 10, saying it was a "misguided attempt to recreate its breast-beating slo-motion scarf-waving formula."
Further, he made comparisons of the song to Hollywood soundtracks, which in his words are "about as subtle as a rhino and too overt to be truly affecting.
""Billboard" magazine's Sven Phillip found the song the only one on the album "not to be missed".
He called it a "catchy, colossal ballad that succeeds without any fireworks".UK music licensing body PPL announced in December 2009 that "Chasing Cars" was the most played song of the decade.
Article: Yellowstone National Park
Section: Geysers and the hydrothermal system

Question: On March 10, 2004, how many dead bison were found by biologists?

The most famous geyser in the park, and perhaps the world, is Old Faithful Geyser, located in Upper Geyser Basin.
Castle Geyser, Lion Geyser and Beehive Geyser are in the same basin.
The park contains the largest active geyser in the world—Steamboat Geyser in the Norris Geyser Basin.
A study that was completed in 2011 found that at least 1283 geysers have erupted in Yellowstone.
Of these, an average of 465 are active in a given year.
Yellowstone contains at least 10,000 geothermal features altogether.
Half the geothermal features and two-thirds of the world's geysers are concentrated in Yellowstone.
In May 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey, Yellowstone National Park, and the University of Utah created the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO), a partnership for long-term monitoring of the geological processes of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field, for disseminating information concerning the potential hazards of this geologically active region.
In 2003, changes at the Norris Geyser Basin resulted in the temporary closure of some trails in the basin.
New fumaroles were observed, and several geysers showed enhanced activity and increasing water temperatures.
Several geysers became so hot that they were transformed into purely steaming features; the water had become superheated and they could no longer erupt normally.
This coincided with the release of reports of a multiple year United States Geological Survey research project which mapped the bottom of Yellowstone Lake and identified a structural dome that had uplifted at some time in the past.
Research indicated that these uplifts posed no immediate threat of a volcanic eruption, since they may have developed long ago, and there had been no temperature increase found near the uplifts.
On March 10, 2004, a biologist discovered 5 dead bison which apparently had inhaled toxic geothermal gases trapped in the Norris Geyser Basin by a seasonal atmospheric inversion.
This was closely followed by an upsurge of earthquake activity in April 2004.
In 2006, it was reported that the Mallard Lake Dome and the Sour Creek Dome— areas that have long been known to show significant changes in their ground movement— had risen at a rate of per year from mid–2004 through 2006.
As of late 2007, the uplift has continued at a reduced rate.
These events inspired a great deal of media attention and speculation about the geologic future of the region.
Experts responded to the conjecture by informing the public that there was no increased risk of a volcanic eruption in the near future.
However, these changes demonstrate the dynamic nature of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system.
Article: Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)
Section: Setting

Question: What studio was once located where Hell's Kitchen is now filmed?

For the show's first two seasons, the "Hell's Kitchen" restaurant set itself was housed in the former studios of Los Angeles television station KCOP at 915 North La Brea Avenue, in Hollywood, which at one time hosted production of game shows "Tic Tac Dough" and "The Joker's Wild".
Originally the studio was put up for sale, but in the end they were retooled for the production of "Hell's Kitchen".
The dining room area was the location of the former KCOP news studios, and living quarters for the contestants were built on behind the restaurant.
Before season three, the Hell's Kitchen facility was moved to Century Studios at 3322 La Cienega Place in Los Angeles.
Since the fourth season, Hell's Kitchen's venue has been located at 8660 Hayden Place in Culver City.
According to Arthur Perkins, the soundstage is only open for audience members when filming is taking place.
The studio sits on the former location of the famous RKO Forty Acres backlot, which was used in movies such as Gone With The Wind and television series such as "The Andy Griffith Show" and "The Adventures of Superman".
The studio building sits on the location of the military camp seen in the television series "Gomer Pyle U.S.M.C.
".
Article: Snowboarding
Section: Alpine Snowboarding

Question: In Alpine snowboarding, what equipment is used?

Sometimes called freecarving, this takes place on hard packed snow or groomed runs and focuses on carving linked turns, much like surfing or longboarding.
Little or no jumping takes place in this discipline.
Alpine Snowboarding consists of a small portion of the general snowboard population, that has a well connected social community and its own specific board manufacturers.
Alpine Snowboard equipment is a ski-like hardshell boot and plate binding system with a true directional snowboard that is stiffer and narrower to manage linking turns with greater forces and speed.
Shaped skis can thank these "freecarve" snowboards for the cutting-edge technology leading to their creation.
Highlights of alpine snowboarding includes a unique sensation felt through each carved turn.
A skilled alpine snowboarder can link numerous turns into a run placing their body very close to the ground each turn, similar to a motogp turn or waterski carve.
Depending on factors including stiffness, turning radius and personality this can be done slowly or fast.
Carvers make perfect half-circles out of each turn, changing edges when the snowboard is perpendicular to the fall line and starting every turn on the downhill edge.
Carving on a snowboard is like riding a roller coaster, because the board will lock into a turn radius and provide what feels like multiple Gs of acceleration.
Article: Fight Club
Section: Marketing

Question: Why did Fincher protest the placement of "Fight Club" ads during World Wrestling Federation broadcasts?

Filming concluded in December 1998, and David Fincher edited the footage in early 1999 to prepare "Fight Club" for a screening with senior executives.
They did not receive the film positively and were concerned that there would not be an audience for the film.
Executive producer Art Linson, who supported the film, recalled the response: "So many incidences of "Fight Club" were alarming, no group of executives could narrow them down."
Nevertheless, "Fight Club" was originally slated to be released in July 1999 but was later changed to August 6, 1999.
The studio further delayed the film's release, this time to autumn, citing a crowded summer schedule and a hurried post-production process.
Outsiders attributed the delays to the Columbine High School massacre earlier in the year.
Marketing executives at 20th Century Fox faced difficulties in marketing "Fight Club" and at one point considered marketing it as an art film.
They considered that the film was primarily geared toward male audiences because of its violence and believed that not even Brad Pitt would attract female filmgoers.
Research testing showed that the film appealed to teenagers.
Fincher refused to let the posters and trailers focus on Pitt and encouraged the studio to hire the advertising firm Wieden+Kennedy to devise a marketing plan.
The firm proposed a bar of pink soap with the title "Fight Club" embossed on it as the film's main marketing image; the proposal was considered "a bad joke" by Fox executives.
Fincher also released two early trailers in the form of fake public service announcements presented by Pitt and Norton; the studio did not think the trailers marketed the film appropriately.
Instead, the studio financed a $20 million large-scale campaign to provide a press junket, posters, billboards, and trailers for TV that highlighted the film's fight scenes.
The studio advertised "Fight Club" on cable during World Wrestling Federation broadcasts, which Fincher protested, believing that the placement created the wrong context for the film.
Linson believed that the "ill-conceived one-dimensional" marketing by marketing executive Robert Harper largely contributed to "Fight Club"s lukewarm box office performance in the United States.