community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Brazil
Section: Abstract

Question: What is Brazil's official name?

Brazil (, ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in both South America and the Latin American region.
It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population.
It is the largest Lusophone country in the world, and the only one in the Americas.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of .
It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay.
Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz.
It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and occupies 47 percent of the continent of South America.
Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500, who claimed the area for Portugal.
Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro after French forces led by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal.
In 1815, it was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
Its independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system.
The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military "coup d'état" proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824.
An authoritarian military junta had led the nation from 1964 until 1985.
Brazil's current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a federal republic.
The Federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, and the 5,564 municipalities.
The Brazilian economy is the world's seventh largest by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity, as of 2012.
A member of the BRIC group, Brazil has one of the world's fastest growing major economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition and influence.
Brazil's national development bank (BNDES) plays an important role for the country's economic growth.
Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, CPLP, Latin Union, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the Organization of American States, Mercosul and the Union of South American Nations.
Brazil is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a variety of wildlife, natural environments, and extensive natural resources in a variety of protected habitats.
Brazil is a regional power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs, with some analysts identifying it as an emerging global power.
Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.
Article: Bedroom in Arles
Section: Abstract

Question: Van Gogh's letters have how many different versions described in them?

Bedroom in Arles (; ) is the title given to each of three similar paintings by 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh.
Van Gogh's own title for this composition was simply "The Bedroom" (French: "La Chambre à coucher").
There are three authentic versions described in his letters, easily discernible from one another by the pictures on the wall to the right.
The painting depicts Van Gogh's bedroom at 2, Place Lamartine in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, France, known as his Yellow House.
The door to the right was opening to the upper floor and the staircase; the door to the left served the guest room he held prepared for Gauguin.
The window in the front wall was looking to Place Lamartine and its public gardens.
This room was not rectangular but trapezoid with an obtuse angle in the left hand corner of the front wall and an acute angle at the right.
Van Gogh evidently did not spend much time on this problem, he simply indicated that there was a corner, somehow.
Article: American Gothic
Section: Reception

Question: How old was Wood at his father's death?

Wood entered the painting in a competition at the Art Institute of Chicago.
The judges deemed it a "comic valentine", but a museum patron persuaded them to award the painting the bronze medal and $300 cash prize.
The patron also persuaded the Art Institute to buy the painting, which remains there today.
The image soon began to be reproduced in newspapers, first by the "Chicago Evening Post" and then in New York, Boston, Kansas City, and Indianapolis.
However, Wood received a backlash when the image finally appeared in the "Cedar Rapids Gazette".
Iowans were furious at their depiction as "pinched, grim-faced, puritanical Bible-thumpers".
Wood protested that he had not painted a caricature of Iowans but a depiction of his appreciation, stating "I had to go to France to appreciate Iowa."
Nan, apparently embarrassed at being depicted as the wife of someone twice her age, began telling people that the painting was of a man and his daughter, which Grant seems to confirm in his letter to a Mrs. Nellie Sudduth in 1941.
Art critics who had favorable opinions about the painting, such as Gertrude Stein and Christopher Morley, also assumed the painting was meant to be a satire of rural small-town life.
It was thus seen as part of the trend toward increasingly critical depictions of rural America, along the lines of Sherwood Anderson's 1919 "Winesburg, Ohio", Sinclair Lewis's 1920 "Main Street", and Carl Van Vechten's 1924 "The Tattooed Countess" in literature.
Yet another interpretation sees it as an "old-fashioned mourning portrait... Tellingly, the curtains hanging in the windows of the house, both upstairs and down, are pulled closed in the middle of the day, a mourning custom in Victorian America.
The woman wears a black dress beneath her apron, and glances away as if holding back tears.
One imagines she is grieving for the man beside her..." Wood had been only 10 when his father had died and later had lived for a decade "above a garage reserved for hearses", so death was on his mind.
However, with the onset of the Great Depression, the painting came to be seen as a depiction of steadfast American pioneer spirit.
Wood assisted this transition by renouncing his Bohemian youth in Paris and grouping himself with populist Midwestern painters, such as John Steuart Curry and Thomas Hart Benton, who revolted against the dominance of East Coast art circles.
Wood was quoted in this period as stating, "All the good ideas I've ever had came to me while I was milking a cow."
Article: Friends
Section: "Joey"

Question: What were the ratings for "Joey"?

Spin-offs.
After the series finale in 2004, LeBlanc signed on for the spin-off series, "Joey", following Joey's move to Los Angeles to pursue his acting career.
Kauffman and Crane were not interested in the spin-off, although Bright agreed to executive produce the series with Scott Silveri and Shana Goldberg-Meehan.
NBC heavily promoted "Joey" and gave it "Friends"' Thursday 8:00 pm timeslot.
The pilot was watched by 18.60 million American viewers, but ratings continually decreased throughout the series' two seasons, averaging 10.20 million viewers in the first season and 7.10 million in the second.
The final broadcast episode on March 7, 2006 was watched by 7.09 million viewers; NBC cancelled the series on May 15, 2006 after two seasons.
Bright blamed the collaboration between NBC executives, the studio and other producers for quickly ruining the series:
Article: Fight Club
Section: Casting

Question: How much was Brad Pitt paid to be in the movie?

Producer Ross Bell met with actor Russell Crowe to discuss his candidacy for the role of Tyler Durden.
Producer Art Linson, who joined the project late, met with another candidate, Brad Pitt.
Linson was the senior producer of the two, so the studio sought to cast Pitt instead of Crowe.
Pitt was looking for a new film after the failure of his 1998 film "Meet Joe Black", and the studio believed "Fight Club" would be more commercially successful with a major star.
The studio signed Pitt and offered him a $17.5 million salary.
For the role of the unnamed narrator, the studio desired a "sexier marquee name" like Matt Damon to increase the film's commercial prospects; it also considered Sean Penn.
Fincher instead considered Edward Norton a candidate for the role, based on the actor's performance in the 1996 film "The People vs. Larry Flynt".
Other studios were approaching Norton for leading roles in developing films like "The Talented Mr. Ripley" and "Man on the Moon".
The actor was cast in "Runaway Jury", but the film did not reach production.
20th Century Fox offered Norton a $2.5 million salary to attract him to "Fight Club".
Norton could not accept the offer immediately since he still owed Paramount Pictures a film; he had signed a contractual obligation with Paramount to appear in one of the studio's future films for a smaller salary (Norton later satisfied the obligation with his role in the 2003 film "The Italian Job").
In January 1998, 20th Century Fox announced that Brad Pitt and Edward Norton were cast in the film.
The actors prepared for their roles by taking lessons in boxing, taekwondo, grappling, and soapmaking.
Pitt voluntarily visited a dentist to have pieces of his front teeth chipped off so his character would not have perfect teeth.
The pieces were restored after filming concluded.
Fincher's first choice for the role of Marla Singer was Janeane Garofalo, who objected to the film's sexual content.
The filmmakers considered Courtney Love and Winona Ryder as candidates early on.
The studio wanted to cast Reese Witherspoon, but Fincher objected that she was too young for the role.
He chose to cast Helena Bonham Carter based on her performance in the 1997 film "The Wings of the Dove".
Article: High Renaissance
Section: Overview

Question: Who are the best-known painters of the High Renaissance?

Since the late eighteenth century, the High Renaissance has been taken to refer to a short (c. 30-year) period of exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, principally Rome, capital of the Papal States, under Pope Julius II.
Assertions about where and when the period begins and ends vary, but in general the best-known exponents of painting of the High Renaissance, include Leonardo da Vinci, early Michelangelo and Raphael.
Extending the general rubric of Renaissance culture, the visual arts of the High Renaissance were marked by a renewed emphasis upon the classical tradition, the expansion of networks of patronage, and a gradual attenuation of figural forms into the style later termed Mannerism.
The paintings in the Vatican by Michelangelo and Raphael are said by some scholars such as Stephen Freedberg to represent the culmination of High Renaissance style in painting, because of the ambitious scale of these works, coupled with the complexity of their composition, closely observed human figures, and pointed iconographic and decorative references to classical antiquity, can be viewed as emblematic of the High Renaissance.
In more recent years, art historians have characterised the High Renaissance as a movement as opposed to a period, one amongst several different experimental attitudes towards art in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century.
This movement is variously characterised as conservative; as reflecting new attitudes towards beauty; a deliberate process of synthesising eclectic models, linked to fashions in literary culture; and reflecting new preoccupations with interpretation and meaning .
Article: Malaysia
Section: Culture

Question: What language has the Malaysian government promoted above others?

Malaysia has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society.
The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that inhabited it, along with the Malays who later moved there.
Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began.
Other cultural influences include the Persian, Arabic, and British cultures.
Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities.
In 1971, the government created a "National Cultural Policy", defining Malaysian culture.
It stated that Malaysian culture must be based on the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it.
It also promoted the Malay language above others.
This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among non-Malays who feel their cultural freedom was lessened.
Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.
Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably Indonesia.
The two countries have a similar cultural heritage, sharing many traditions and items.
However, disputes have arisen over things ranging from culinary dishes to Malaysia's national anthem.
Strong feelings exist in Indonesia about protecting their national heritage.
The Malaysian government and the Indonesian government have met to defuse some of the tensions resulting from the overlaps in culture.
Feelings are not as strong in Malaysia, where most recognise that many cultural values are shared.
Article: Claude Monet
Section: Vétheuile

Question: In 1880, where was Monet's residence during the spring?

After several difficult months following the death of Camille, Monet began to create some of his best paintings of the 19th century.
During the early 1880s, Monet painted several groups of landscapes and seascapes in what he considered to be campaigns to document the French countryside.
These began to evolve into series of pictures in which he documented the same scene many times in order to capture the changing of light and the passing of the seasons.
Monet's friend Ernest Hoschedé became bankrupt, and left in 1878 for Belgium.
After the death of Camille Monet in September 1879, and while Monet continued to live in the house in Vétheuil, Alice Hoschedé helped Monet to raise his two sons, Jean and Michel.
She took them to Paris to live alongside her own six children, Blanche, (who married Jean Monet), Germaine, Hoschedé, Marthe, Jean-Pierre, and Jacques.
In the spring of 1880, Alice Hoschedé and all the children left Paris and rejoined Monet at Vétheuil.
In 1881, all of them moved to Poissy, which Monet hated.
In April 1883, looking out the window of the little train between Vernon and Gasny, he discovered Giverny in Normandy.
Monet, Alice Hoschedé and the children moved to Vernon, then to the house in Giverny, where he planted a large garden and where he painted for much of the rest of his life.
Following the death of her estranged husband, Monet married Alice Hoschedé in 1892.
Article: Badminton
Section: Comparisons of speed and athletic requirements

Question: Is badminton the fastest racquet sport?

Statistics such as the smash speed, above, prompt badminton enthusiasts to make other comparisons that are more contentious.
For example, it is often claimed that badminton is the fastest racquet sport.
Although badminton holds the record for the fastest initial speed of a racket sports projectile, the shuttlecock decelerates substantially faster than other projectiles such as tennis balls.
In turn, this qualification must be qualified by consideration of the distance over which the shuttlecock travels: a smashed shuttlecock travels a shorter distance than a tennis ball during a serve.
Badminton's claim as the fastest racquet sport might also be based on reaction time requirements, but arguably table tennis requires even faster reaction times.
While fans of badminton and tennis often claim that their sport is the more physically demanding, such comparisons are difficult to make objectively because of the differing demands of the games.
No formal study currently exists evaluating the physical condition of the players or demands during game play.
Article: Fencing
Section: Abstract

Question: How do you fence?

Fencing is the activity of fighting with swords.
The most common version of fencing today, also called olympic fencing or competitive fencing, is divided into three weapon categories: foil, sabre and épée.
Classical fencing uses the same three weapons, but approaches fencing as a martial art.
Competitive fencing is one of five sports which has been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games, the other four being Athletics, Cycling, Swimming, and Gymnastics.
Article: Cheese
Section: Ancient Greece and Rome

Question: Who was credited with the discovery of cheese in Greek mythology?

Ancient Greek mythology credited Aristaeus with the discovery of cheese.
Homer's "Odyssey" (8th century BCE) describes the Cyclops making and storing sheep's and goats' milk cheese.
From Samuel Butler's translation:By Roman times, cheese was an everyday food and cheesemaking a mature art.
Columella's "De Re Rustica" (circa 65 CE) details a cheesemaking process involving rennet coagulation, pressing of the curd, salting, and aging.
Pliny's "Natural History" (77 CE) devotes a chapter (XI, 97) to describing the diversity of cheeses enjoyed by Romans of the early Empire.
He stated that the best cheeses came from the villages near Nîmes, but did not keep long and had to be eaten fresh.
Cheeses of the Alps and Apennines were as remarkable for their variety then as now.
A Ligurian cheese was noted for being made mostly from sheep's milk, and some cheeses produced nearby were stated to weigh as much as a thousand pounds each.
Goats' milk cheese was a recent taste in Rome, improved over the "medicinal taste" of Gaul's similar cheeses by smoking.
Of cheeses from overseas, Pliny preferred those of Bithynia in Asia Minor.
Article: Beach volleyball
Section: Common block signals

Question: How does the blocker decide how to block?

Closed fist
No block should be attempted for the opponent on that side of the court, also known as "pull-off"
One finger
The blocker should block an opponent's "line" attack, or a ball hit toward the nearest sideline
Two fingers
The blocker should block an opponent's "angle" attack, or a ball hit diagonally from the net and across the court
Open hand
The blocker should block "ball", deciding how to block based upon the opposing team's set, and the hitter's approach and arm-swing technique.
Common block signals.
Note: In Europe closed fist and open hand signals have the opposite meaning of blocking.
If the partner is showing the closed fist the blocker should block "ball" and open hand means that the blocker should "pull-off" the net.
Article: The Office
Section: Awards and honors

Question: Who won the 2006 Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series in 2006?

"Selected major awards won only"
UK version: 2004 Golden Globes for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy and Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy (Ricky Gervais); 2001, 2002 and 2003 British Academy Television Awards for Situation Comedy and Best Comedy Performance (Ricky Gervais)
US version: 2006 Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy (Steve Carell); 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series; 2007 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series; 2007 Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series (Greg Daniels)
German version: 2006 Grimme Award for Fiction/Entertainment – Series/Miniseries
Article: Viva la Vida
Section: Sporting usage

Question: What year did the Boston Bruins win the Stanley Cup?

During the 2008/2009 season, the German football club Hamburger SV used "Viva la Vida" as their goal celebration song.
The song also became the anthem of Spanish football club FC Barcelona during the 2008–09 season.
It turned out to be a season of unprecedented success for the Spanish club in 2009, as they won all six competitions they could possible be involved in, which no football club has managed before in history.
The song was selected by the manager of the club, Josep Guardiola – himself a Coldplay fan – to help motivate and encourage his team.
It is often played at the Camp Nou before the start of a Barcelona match.
The song was also played during Pep Guardiola's farewell before his final match coaching Barcelona at the Nou Camp, a 4–0 victory against Espanyol on 5 May 2012.
The UEFA used "Viva la Vida" as the goal celebration song for the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final and Europa League Final.
The National Hockey League's New York Rangers play "Viva la Vida" at Madison Square Garden after victories.
The song was used by the Vancouver Canucks in a tribute video during Markus Näslund's number retirement ceremony held in Vancouver's Rogers Arena.
It was also used in Game 7 of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals when the Boston Bruins won the Stanley Cup on Vancouver Ice.
The Kansas City Chiefs play the song at the end of home games in Arrowhead Stadium.
Additionally, it is also used by the Kansas City Royals to celebrate home runs and wins at Kauffman Stadium.
This is the at-bat music of Scott Rolen, third baseman of the Cincinnati Reds.
The song was also used pre match during every 2008 Rugby League World Cup game before the two teams took to the field.
Article: A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Section: Interpretation

Question: What color scheme does the border of the painting have?

Seurat's painting was a mirror of "Bathers at Asnières", completed shortly before in 1884.
While the bathers are doused in light, almost every figure on "La Grande Jatte" appears to be cast in shadow, either under trees or an umbrella, or from another person.
Some of the characters are doing curious things.
The lady on the right hand side has a monkey on a leash.
A lady on the left near the river bank is fishing.
The area was known at the time as being a place to procure prostitutes among the bourgeousie, a likely allusion of the otherwise odd "fishing" rod.
In the painting's center stands a little girl dressed in white (who is not in a shadow), who stares directly at the viewer of the painting.
This may be interpreted as someone who is silently questioning the audience, "what will become of these people, and their class?"
Seurat paints their prospects bleakly, cloaked as they are in shadow and suspicion of sin.
The border of the painting is, unusually, in inverted color, as if the world around them is also slowly inverting from the way of life they have known.
Seen in this context, the boy who bathes on the other side of the river bank at Asnières appears to be calling out to them, as if to say "we are the future, come and join us".
Article: Inside Llewyn Davis
Section: Cast

Question: Bob Dylan was portrayed by who?

 Oscar Isaac as Llewyn Davis
 Carey Mulligan as Jean Berkey
 John Goodman as Roland Turner
 Garrett Hedlund as Johnny Five
 Justin Timberlake as Jim Berkey
 F. Murray Abraham as Bud Grossman
 Stark Sands as Troy Nelson
 Jeanine Serralles as Joy
 Adam Driver as Al Cody
 Ethan Phillips as Mitch Gorfein
 Alex Karpovsky as Marty Green
 Max Casella as Pappi Corsicato
 Chris Eldridge as Mike Timlin
 Benjamin Pike as young Bob Dylan