community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Palace of Versailles
Section: The four building campaigns (1664–1710)

Question: When was the first building campaign of the Palace of Versailles?

The four building campaigns (1664–1710).
The first building campaign (1664–1668) commenced with the "Plaisirs de l'Île enchantée" (Pleasures of the Enchanted Island) of 1664, a fête that was held between 7 and 13 May 1664.
The campaign involved alterations in the château and gardens to accommodate the 600 guests invited to the party.
(Nolhac, 1899, 1901; Marie, 1968; Verlet, 1985).
The second building campaign (1669–1672) was inaugurated with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which ended the War of Devolution.
During this campaign, the château began to assume some of the appearance that it has today.
The most important modification of the château was Le Vau's envelope of Louis XIII's hunting lodge.
(Nolhac, 1901; Marie, 1972; Verlet, 1985).
Significant to the design and construction of the "grands appartements" is that the rooms of both apartments are of the same configuration and dimensions – a hitherto unprecedented feature in French palace design.
Both the "grand appartement du roi" and the "grand appartement de la reine" formed a suite of seven enfilade rooms.
The decoration of the rooms, which was conducted under Le Brun's direction, depicted the "heroic actions of the king" and were represented in allegorical form by the actions of historical figures from the antique past (Alexander the Great, Augustus, Cyrus, etc.).
(Berger, 1986; Félibien, 1674; Verlet, 1985).
With the signing of the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678, which ended the Dutch War, the third building campaign at Versailles began (1678–1684).
Under the direction of the architect, Jules Hardouin-Mansart, the Palace of Versailles acquired much of the look that it has today.
In addition to the Hall of Mirrors, Hardouin-Mansart designed the north and south wings and the "Orangerie".
Le Brun was occupied not only with the interior decoration of the new additions of the palace, but also collaborated with Le Nôtre's in landscaping the palace gardens (Berger, 1985; Thompson, 2006; Verlet, 1985).
Soon after the defeat of the War of the League of Augsburg (1688–1697), Louis XIV undertook his last building campaign at Versailles.
The fourth building campaign (1699–1710) concentrated almost exclusively on construction of the royal chapel designed by Hardouin-Mansart and finished by Robert de Cotte.
There were also some modifications in the "appartement du roi", namely the construction of the "Salon de l'Œil de Bœuf" and the King's Bedchamber.
With the completion of the chapel in 1710, virtually all construction at Versailles ceased; building would not be resumed at Versailles until some twenty one years later during the reign of Louis XV (Nolhac, 1911; Marie, 1976, 1984; Verlet, 1985).
Article: Czech Republic
Section: Geography

Question: Where can one find the highest elevation in the country known as the Czech Republic?

The Czech Republic lies mostly between latitudes 48° and 51° N (a small area lies north of 51°), and longitudes 12° and 19° E. The Czech landscape is exceedingly varied.
Bohemia, to the west, consists of a basin drained by the Elbe () and the Vltava (or Moldau) rivers, surrounded by mostly low mountains, such as the Krkonoše range of the Sudetes.
The highest point in the country, Sněžka at , is located here.
Moravia, the eastern part of the country, is also quite hilly.
It is drained mainly by the Morava River, but it also contains the source of the Oder River ().
Water from the landlocked Czech Republic flows to three different seas: the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Black Sea.
The Czech Republic also leases the Moldauhafen, a lot in the middle of the Hamburg Docks, which was awarded to Czechoslovakia by Article 363 of the Treaty of Versailles, to allow the landlocked country a place where goods transported down river could be transferred to seagoing ships.
The territory reverts to Germany in 2028.
Phytogeographically, the Czech Republic belongs to the Central European province of the Circumboreal Region, within the Boreal Kingdom.
According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the territory of the Czech Republic can be subdivided into four ecoregions: the Central European mixed forests, Pannonian mixed forests, Western European broadleaf forests and Carpathian montane conifer forests.
There are four national parks in the Czech Republic.
The oldest isKrkonoše National Park (Biosphere Reserve), Šumava National Park (Biosphere Reserve), Podyjí National Park, Bohemian Switzerland.
Article: Doctor Who
Section: Official websites

Question: Which websites have authentic 59th anniversary Dr. who information?

 Doctor Who 50th Anniversary: Official BBC Worldwide Site – Doctor Who Doctor Who
 BBC: The Changing Face of Doctor Who – many press cuttings and articles from 1963 onwards
 BBC America "Doctor Who" website
 SPACE Channel "Doctor Who" website
Article: Nanking Massacre
Section: Assault and capture of Nanking

Question: When did the Japanese demand surrender from the Chinese?

The Japanese awaited an answer to their demand for surrender but no response was received from the Chinese by the deadline on December 10.
General Matsui Iwane waited another hour before issuing the command to take Nanking by force.
The Japanese army mounted its assault on the Nanking walls from multiple directions; the SEF’s 16th Division attacked three gates on the eastern side, the 6th Division of the 10A launched its offensive on the western walls, and the SEF’s 9th Division advanced into the area in-between.
On December 12, under heavy artillery fire and aerial bombardment, General Tang Sheng-chi ordered his men to retreat.
What followed was nothing short of chaos.
Some Chinese soldiers stripped civilians of their clothing in a desperate attempt to blend in, and many others were shot by the Chinese supervisory unit as they tried to flee.
On 13 December, the 6th and the 116th Divisions of the Japanese Army were the first to enter the city, facing little military resistance.
Simultaneously, the 9th Division entered nearby Guanghua Gate, and the 16th Division entered the Zhongshan and Taiping gates.
That same afternoon, two small Japanese Navy fleets arrived on both sides of the Yangtze River.
Article: Colosseum
Section: Abstract

Question: Which emperor started the construction of Colosseum?

The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: "Amphitheatrum Flavium"; Italian: "Anfiteatro Flavio" or "Colosseo") is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy.
Built of concrete and stone, it was the largest amphitheatre of the Roman Empire, and is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering.
It is the largest amphitheatre in the world.
The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum.
Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in 70 AD, and was completed in 80 AD under his successor and heir Titus.
Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96).
These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name "(Flavius)".
The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators, and was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology.
The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era.
It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.
Although in the 21st century it stays partially ruined because of damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome.
It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum.
The Colosseum, like all the Historic Centre of Rome, Properties of the Holy See in Italy and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.
In 2007 the complex was also included among the New7Wonders of the World, following a competition organized by New Open World Corporation (NOWC).
The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.
Article: Shrek
Section: Accolades

Question: How many BAFTA awards was Shrek nominated for?

At the 74th Academy Awards, "Shrek" won the first ever Academy Award For Best Animated Feature, beating "Monsters, Inc." and "".
"Entertainment Weekly" put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Prince Charming?
So last millennium.
This decade, fairy-tale fans — and Princess Fiona — fell for a fat and flatulent Ogre.
Now, that's progress."
It was nominated for The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
"Shrek" was also nominated for 6 BAFTA Award, including the BAFTA Award for Best Film.
Eddie Murphy became the first actor to ever receive a BAFTA nomination for a voice-over performance.
The film was also nominated for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound, Best Film Music, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
"Shrek" was nominated for a dozen Annie Awards from ASIFA-Hollywood, and won eight Annies including Best Animated Feature and Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production.
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten top Ten"; the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community "Shrek" was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the animated genre, and the only non-Disney·Pixar film in the Top 10.
"Shrek" was also ranked second in a Channel 4 poll of the "100 Greatest Family Films", losing out on the top spot to "E.T.
the Extra-Terrestrial".
In 2005, "Shrek" came sixth in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Cartoons poll behind "The Simpsons", "Tom and Jerry", "South Park", "Toy Story" and "Family Guy".
In November 2009, the character, Lord Farquaad, was listed #14 in IGN UK's "Top 15 Fantasy Villains".
In 2006, it was ranked third on Bravo's 100 funniest films list.
American Film Institute recognition:
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
* Shrek - Nominated Hero
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
* I'm a Believer - Nominated
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) - Nominated
 AFI's 10 Top 10 - #8 Animated film
Article: Baseball
Section: Other personnel

Question: Who assisted managers typically?

The manager, or head coach of a team, oversees the team's major strategic decisions, such as establishing the starting rotation, setting the lineup, or batting order, before each game, and making substitutions during games—in particular, bringing in relief pitchers.
Managers are typically assisted by two or more coaches; they may have specialized responsibilities, such as working with players on hitting, fielding, pitching, or strength and conditioning.
At most levels of organized play, two coaches are stationed on the field when the team is at bat: the first base coach and third base coach, occupying designated coaches' boxes just outside the foul lines, assist in the direction of baserunners when the ball is in play, and relay tactical signals from the manager to batters and runners during pauses in play.
In contrast to many other team sports, baseball managers and coaches generally wear their team's uniforms; coaches must be in uniform in order to be allowed on the playing field during a game.
Any baseball game involves one or more umpires, who make rulings on the outcome of each play.
At a minimum, one umpire will stand behind the catcher, to have a good view of the strike zone, and call balls and strikes.
Additional umpires may be stationed near the other bases, thus making it easier to judge plays such as attempted force outs and tag outs.
In Major League Baseball, four umpires are used for each game, one near each base.
In the playoffs, six umpires are used: one at each base and two in the outfield along the foul lines.
Article: Chernobyl disaster
Section: The United Nations Development Programme

Question: Who works in the four most Chernobyl-affected areas?

The United Nations Development Programme has launched in 2003 a specific project called the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme (CRDP) for the recovery of the affected areas.
The programme was initiated in February 2002 based on the recommendations in the report on Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident.
The main goal of the CRDP's activities is supporting the Government of Ukraine in mitigating long-term social, economic, and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe.
CRDP works in the four most Chernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine: Kyivska, Zhytomyrska, Chernihivska and Rivnenska.
Article: 2 Broke Girls
Section: Abstract

Question: The news that Two Broke Girls would come back for a third season was announced on what date?

2 Broke Girls is an American television sitcom created for Warner Bros. Television by Michael Patrick King and Whitney Cummings.
It premiered on CBS in the United States on September 19, 2011, during the 2011–12 television season.
On March 27, 2013, CBS announced that "2 Broke Girls" has been renewed for a third season, to air during the 2013–14 television season.
The series is set in the Williamsburg neighborhood of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, United States.
Its plot line follows the misadventures of the roommates Max Black (Kat Dennings) and Caroline Channing (Beth Behrs), who are both financially poor, and their efforts to start a cupcake business.
The first episode aired at 9:30 pm (E/P) after "Two and a Half Men" on September 19, 2011.
Later episodes followed "How I Met Your Mother" on Monday nights at 8:30 pm (E/P).
The series has received a generally positive response since its debut.
It was nominated for three 2012 Emmy Awards, winning for Art Direction.
On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed 2 Broke Girls for a fourth season.
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Music

Question: Who scored "The Dark Knight Rises"?

In an interview in October 2010, composer Hans Zimmer confirmed that he would be returning to score "The Dark Knight Rises."
James Newton Howard was offered to return and write the score with Zimmer as he did for "Batman Begins" and "The Dark Knight", but he chose not to because he noted that the chemistry established between Zimmer and Nolan during the making of "Inception" would make him seem like a "third wheel".
Zimmer included several cues from the earlier scores, but explains that he wanted to go in a "completely different direction" for Bane's theme.
While the theme accompanying Selina Kyle is deliberately ambiguous, the musical thread spanning throughout the trilogy was composed exclusively for Bruce Wayne.
The film features a prevalent Moroccan chant of the phrase "deshi basara" (proper transliteration: "teeji basra") (Arabic: تيجي بسرعة), which translates to "rise up" (literally: "come quickly").
In November 2011, Zimmer crowdsourced online audio recordings of the chant to be used in the film's score.
When asked about the chant for clarification, Zimmer said, "The chant became a very complicated thing because I wanted hundreds of thousands of voices, and it's not so easy to get hundreds of thousands of voices.
So, we Twittered and we posted on the internet, for people who wanted to be part of it.
It seemed like an interesting thing.
We've created this world, over these last two movies, and somehow I think the audience and the fans have been part of this world.
We do keep them in mind."
Article: Tokyo Disneyland
Section: Ticket price

Question: Do 3 and 4 day tickets have to be used consecutively?

The ticket prices vary from one package to another and these can be found at the company's website.
Standard one and two day tickets do not allow park hopping to Tokyo DisneySea, must be used on consecutive days and are date specific.
Instead users must state upon purchase the dates they wish to visit each park.
Three and Four day tickets allow park hopping on the third and fourth days, but again must be used consecutively.
Annual passes are available for either a single or both parks, though require a considerable number of visits to achieve a saving over regular day tickets.
A night pass is also available for a discounted price during the night hours only.
Article: Steak
Section: Sirloin steak

Question: Why is the upper sirloin is generally more expensive than the lower sirloin?

The sirloin steak is a portion of the sirloin part of the cow which is near the cow's rear, the nearer the meat is from the rear, the tenderer it is likely to be, like the rump steak.
Although there are two parts of the sirloin: upper sirloin is generally more expensive than the lower sirloin because it is more tender.
Sirloin steaks are often served at steakhouses and are often accompanied with French fries and vegetables such as broccoli, carrot or peas.
They are usually cooked by grilling or frying.
Article: Sydney Opera House
Section: Abstract

Question: Who are the four key resident businesses of the Sydney Opera House?

The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the facility is adjacent to the Sydney central business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens, between Sydney and Farm Coves.
Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, the facility formally opened on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition.
The NSW Government, led by Premier Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958, with Utzon directing construction.
The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect's ultimate resignation.
Though its name suggests a single venue, the project comprises multiple performance venues which together are among the busiest performing arts centres in the world — hosting over 1,500 performances each year attended by some 1.2 million people.
The venues produce and present a wide range of in-house productions and accommodate numerous performing arts companies, including four key resident companies: Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet, the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.
As one of the most popular visitor attractions in Australia, more than seven million people visit the site each year, with 300,000 people participating annually in a guided tour of the facility.
Identified as one of the 20th century's most distinctive buildings and one of the most famous performing arts centres in the world, the facility is managed by the Sydney Opera House Trust, under the auspices of the New South Wales Ministry of the Arts.
The Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007.
Article: The Holocaust
Section: The political left

Question: Which law gave Hitler his dictatorial powers?

German communists, socialists and trade unionists were among the earliest domestic opponents of Nazism and were also among the first to be sent to concentration camps.
Hitler claimed that communism was a Jewish ideology which the Nazis termed "Judeo-Bolshevism".
Fear of communist agitation was used as justification for the Enabling Act of 1933, the law which gave Hitler his original dictatorial powers.
Hermann Göring later testified at the Nuremberg Trials that the Nazis' willingness to repress German communists prompted president Paul von Hindenburg and the German elite to cooperate with the Nazis.
MI6 assisted the Gestapo via "the exchange of information about Communism", and, as late as October 1937, the head of the British agency's Berlin station, Frank Foley, described his relationship with Heinrich Müller's so-called communism expert as "cordial".
Hitler and the Nazis also hated German leftists because of their resistance to the party's racism.
Many leaders of German leftist groups were Jews, and Jews were especially prominent among the leaders of the Spartacist uprising in 1919.
Hitler already referred to Marxism and "Bolshevism" as a means of "the international Jew" to undermine "racial purity" and survival of the Nordics or Aryans, as well as to stir up socioeconomic class tension and labor unions against the government or state-owned businesses.
Within the concentration camps such as Buchenwald, German communists were privileged in comparison to Jews because of their "racial purity".
Whenever the Nazis occupied a new territory, members of communist, socialist, or anarchist groups were normally to be the first persons detained or executed.
Evidence of this is found in Hitler's infamous Commissar Order, in which he ordered the summary execution of all political commissars captured among Soviet soldiers, as well as the execution of all Communist Party members in German-held territory.
"Einsatzgruppen" carried out these executions in the east.
Nacht und Nebel ("Night and Fog") was a directive () of Hitler on 7 December 1941 signed and implemented by Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces Wilhelm Keitel, resulting in kidnapping and the disappearance of many political activists throughout Nazi Germany's occupied territories.
Article: Grand Bazaar, Istanbul
Section: The Grand Bazaar today

Question: When did the restoration project start?

Today the Grand Bazaar is a thriving complex, employing 26,000 people visited by between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily, and one of the major landmarks of Istanbul.
It must compete with modern shopping malls common in Istanbul, but its beauty and fascination represent a formidable advantage for it.
The head of the Grand Bazaar Artisans Association claimed that the complex was in 2011 - the year of its 550th birthday - the most visited monument in the world.
A restoration project starting in 2012 should renew its infrastructure, heating and lighting systems.
Moreover, the "han"s inside the Market will be renovated and later additions will be demolished.
This project should finally solve the big problems of the market: for example, in the whole Bazaar there is no proper toilet facility.
Moreover, the lacks of controls in the past years allowed many dealers to remove columns and skive walls in their shops to gain space: This, together with the substitution of lead (stolen in the last years) with concrete on the market's roof, has created a great hazard when the earthquake expected in Istanbul in the next years will occur.
The Grand Bazaar is opened each day except Sundays and bank holidays from 9:00 until 19:00.