community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Bourbon Street
Section: Issues

Question: When was the ordinace passed that banned music in the French Quartet between 8 and 9 p.m.?

Historically noise violations were the responsibility of the party making the noise.
This changed in 1996 with "Yokum v. 615 Bourbon Street".
The case ruled that the property owner, not the noise-maker is responsible for noise violations.
A 2010 city ordinance stipulates that no music may be played in the French Quarter between 8 pm and 9 am.
Enforcement has been inconsistent and critics claim its goals are vague.
Some even state that is unconstitutional.
Besides being difficult to enforce, music aficionados claim that noise ordinances threaten the city's music culture.
Local jazz bands, such as the To Be Continued Brass Band, who play in the streets would be prohibited from doing so under such ordinances.
Aggressive solicitation bans are a newer issue on Bourbon Street.
In 2011, an ordinance was passed that banned individuals and groups from "disseminating any social, political or religious message" at night.
The ordinance does not explain the justification for this ban.
On September 21, 2012, the ACLU of Louisiana won a temporary restraining order against the ban on behalf of Kelsey McCauley, a woman who converted to Christianity through a religious group's activities on Bourbon Street which had several of its members arrested, and some of which were cited, on September 14, 2012 for violating the ordinance.
A hearing was set for October 1, 2012.
On July 25, 2013, the New Orleans City Council voted 6-0 to amend the law to remove the Bourbon Street ban, with language that was acceptable to attorneys on all opposing sides.
Article: September 11 attacks
Section: Damage

Question: How many people were killed when the plan hit the pentagon?

Along with the 110-floor Twin Towers, numerous other buildings at the World Trade Center site were destroyed or badly damaged, including WTC buildings 3 through 7 and St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church.
The North Tower, South Tower, the Marriott Hotel (3 WTC), and 7 WTC were completely destroyed.
The U.S. Customs House (6 World Trade Center), 4 World Trade Center, 5 World Trade Center, and both pedestrian bridges connecting buildings were severely damaged.
The Deutsche Bank Building on 130 Liberty Street was partially damaged and demolished some years later, starting in 2007.
The two buildings of the World Financial Center also suffered damage.
The Deutsche Bank Building across Liberty Street from the World Trade Center complex was later condemned as being uninhabitable because of toxic conditions inside the office tower, and was deconstructed.
The Borough of Manhattan Community College's Fiterman Hall at 30 West Broadway was condemned due to extensive damage in the attacks, and is being rebuilt.
Other neighboring buildings including 90 West Street and the Verizon Building suffered major damage but have been restored.
World Financial Center buildings, One Liberty Plaza, the Millenium Hilton, and 90 Church Street had moderate damage and have since been restored.
Communications equipment on top of the North Tower was also destroyed, but media stations were quickly able to reroute signals and resume broadcasts.
The Pentagon was severely damaged by the impact of American Airlines Flight 77 and ensuing fires, causing one section of the building to collapse.
As it approached the Pentagon, the airplane's wings knocked over light poles and its right engine smashed into a power generator before crashing into the western side of the building, killing all 53 passengers, 5 hijackers, and 6 crew.
The plane hit the Pentagon at the first-floor level.
The front part of the fuselage disintegrated on impact, while the mid and tail sections kept moving for another fraction of a second.
Debris from the tail section penetrated furthest into the building, breaking through of the three outermost of the building's five rings.
Article: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Section: Builders

Question: Who constructed the belfry tower?

 One possible builder is Gerardo di Gerardo.
His name appears as a witness to the above legacy of Berta di Bernardo as "Master Gerardo", and as a worker whose name was Gerardo.
 A more probable builder is Diotisalvi, because of the construction period and the structure's affinities with other buildings in Pisa.
But he usually signed his works, and there is no signature by him in the bell tower.
 Giovanni di Simone was heavily involved in the completion of the tower, under the direction of Giovanni Pisano, who at the time was master builder of the Opera di Santa Maria Maggiore.
He could be the same Giovanni Pisano who completed the belfry tower.
Article: NCIS (TV series)
Section: Soundtrack

Question: Which album contains songs performed by regular guests on the show Pauley Perrette and Cote de Pablo?

CBS Records released the show's first soundtrack on February 10, 2009.
"The Official TV Soundtrack" is a two-disc, 22-track set that includes brand new songs from top artists featured prominently in upcoming episodes of the series as well as the show’s original theme by Numeriklab (available commercially for the first time) and a remix of the theme by Ministry.
The set also includes songs performed by series regulars Pauley Perrette and Cote de Pablo.
A sequel to the soundtrack was released on November 3, 2009.
"NCIS: The Official TV Soundtrack; Vol.
2" is a single disc, 12 track set that covers songs (many previously unreleased) featured throughout the seventh season of the show, including one recording titled "Bitter and Blue" by Weatherly, as well as two songs used in previous seasons.
Article: Biochemistry
Section: Proteins

Question: What number of standard amino acids exist?

Proteins are very large molecules – macro-biopolymers – made from monomers called "amino acids".
There are 20 standard amino acids, each containing a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a side-chain (known as an "R" group).
The "R" group is what makes each amino acid different, and the properties of the side-chains greatly influence the overall three-dimensional conformation of a protein.
When amino acids combine, they form a special bond called a peptide bond through dehydration synthesis, and become a polypeptide, or protein.
In order to determine whether two proteins are related, or in other words to decide whether they are homologous or not, scientists use sequence-comparison methods.
Methods like Sequence Alignments and Structural Alignments are powerful tools that help scientists identify homologies between related molecules.
The relevance of finding homologies among proteins goes beyond forming an evolutionary pattern of protein families.
By finding how similar two protein sequences are, we acquire knowledge about their structure and therefore their function.
Article: Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Section: Assassination

Question: Who was seen fleeing shortly after the shot was fired?

King was booked in room 306 at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, owned by businessman Walter Bailey (and named after his wife).
King's close friend and colleague Reverend Ralph David Abernathy, who was King's roommate in the motel room the day of the assassination, told the House Select Committee on Assassinations that King and his entourage stayed in room 306 at the Lorraine Motel so often that it was known as the "King-Abernathy Suite.
"According to biographer Taylor Branch, King's last words were to musician Ben Branch, who was scheduled to perform that night at an event King was going to attend: "Ben, make sure you play 'Take My Hand, Precious Lord' in the meeting tonight.
Play it real pretty.
"[[File:Lorraine Motel 04 15 Mar 2012.jpg|thumb|260px|The Lorraine Motel, where Dr. King was assassinated, is nowthe site of the National Civil Rights Museum.
The wreath marks the approximate place Dr. King was standing at the time.
]]At 6:01 p.m. on Thursday, April 4, 1968, while he was standing on the motel's second floor balcony, King was struck by a single .30-06 bullet fired from a Remington 760 Gamemaster.
The bullet entered through his right cheek, breaking his jaw, neck and several vertebrae as it traveled down his spinal cord, severing the jugular vein and major arteries in the process before lodging in his shoulder.
By the force of the blast, King's necktie was ripped completely off his shirt.
He fell violently backwards onto the balcony unconscious.
Shortly after the shot was fired, witnesses saw James Earl Ray fleeing from a rooming house across the street from the Lorraine Motel where he was renting a room.
A package was dumped close to the site that included a rifle and binoculars with Ray's fingerprints on them.
The rifle had been purchased by Ray under an alias six days before.
A worldwide manhunt was triggered that culminated in the arrest of Ray at London Heathrow Airport two months later.
Abernathy heard the shot from inside the motel room and ran to the balcony to find King on the floor.
King was bleeding profusely from the wound in his cheek.
His SCLC colleague Andrew Young believed he was dead, though King still had a pulse.
King was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital, where doctors opened his chest and performed Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
He never regained consciousness and was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m.
According to Taylor Branch, King's autopsy revealed that though he was only 39 years old, he had the heart of a 60-year-old man which Branch attributed to the stress of 13 years in the civil rights movement.
Article: Sound City (film)
Section: Technical

Question: Give the name of the producer of the film "Sound City".

 Sami Ansari – photography
 Matt Bissonette – composer
 James Brown – engineer, mixing
 Joe LaPorta – mastering
 Emily Lazar – mastering
 Chris Lord-Alge – mixing
 John Lousteau – engineer
 Jim Scott – engineer
 Chris Shiflett – composer
 Derek Silverman – engineering support
 Butch Vig – producer
Article: Ski jumping
Section: History

Question: How many jumps were participants required to complete without failing at the first ski jumping competition?

Ski jumping as a sport originated in Norway.
Norwegian lieutenant Olaf Rye was the first known ski jumper.
In 1809, he launched himself 9.5 meters in the air as a show of courage to his fellow soldiers.
By 1862, ski jumpers were facing much larger jumps and traveling longer.
The very first recorded public competition was held at Trysil, Norway, on 22 January 1862.
At this first competition, judges already awarded points for style ("elegance and smoothness"), participants had to complete three jumps without falling and rules were agreed upon in advance.
It is clear from the news report published in Morgenbladet that the ski jumping in Trysild was entertainment, but also a national, competitive sports event.
The first known female ski jumper participated at the Trysil competition in 1863.
Norway's Sondre Norheim jumped 30 meters without the benefit of poles.
In 1866, the first skiing event held in Christiania near Old Aker Church was a combined cross country, slalom and jumping competition, and attracted an audience of some 2,000 people.
Sondre Norheim won his first competition in Christiania in 1868.
The first widely known ski jumping competition was the Husebyrennene, held in Oslo in 1879, with Olaf Haugann of Norway setting the first world record for the longest ski jump at 20 meters.
Explorer Fridtjof Nansen was a skilled skier and was number 7 in the 1881 competition at Huseby.
Until 1884–1886 jumping and cross-country was a single integrated competition: In 1886 at Huseby cross-country and jumping were held on separate days, and final results were calculated from the combined achievements (similar to present nordic combined).
The annual event was moved to Holmenkollen from 1892, and Holmenkollen has remained the pinnacle of ski jumping venues.
To distinguish ski jumping competition only from Nordic combined, it is still referred to as "spesielt hopprenn" in Norwegian (ski jumping only).
According to the International Olympic Committee's site:Ski jumping has been part of the Olympic Winter Games since the first Games in Chamonix Mont-Blanc in 1924.
The Large Hill competition was included on the Olympic programme for the 1964 Olympic Games in Innsbruck.
In 1929, Norwegian instructors arrived in Sapporo to train the Japanese in ski jumping.
Article: Silver Linings Playbook
Section: Abstract

Question: Who was the Silver Linings Playbook director?

Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell, adapted from the novel "The Silver Linings Playbook" by Matthew Quick.
The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, with Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, Chris Tucker, Anupam Kher, and Julia Stiles in supporting roles.
Cooper plays Patrizio "Pat" Solatano, Jr., a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents (De Niro and Weaver).
Determined to win back his estranged wife, Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell (Lawrence).
She tells Pat that she will help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her.
The two become closer as they train and Pat, his father, and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their issues.
"Silver Linings Playbook" premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, and was released in the United States on November 16, 2012.
The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades.
It received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay; it became the first film since 1981 (Warren Beatty's "Reds") to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars, with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress.
It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations, with Lawrence winning Best Actress; three BAFTA nominations, with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay; four Screen Actors Guild nominations; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations, winning in four categories including Best Film.
The film was a blockbuster at the box office, grossing over $236 million worldwide, more than eleven times its budget.
Article: Nurse Jackie
Section: Genre

Question: What was Falco known for saying in her acceptance speech?

In her acceptance speech for the Emmy for Best Actress in a Comedy series, Falco exclaimed "I'm not funny!"
Later, while speaking to the press, she expanded upon her statement and said that she too felt her performance was dramatic.
Several articles have since been written addressing this question, with some writers even calling for an overhaul of the Emmy categorization process as well as a "Comedy-drama/Dramedy" category for the awards.
Article: Biology
Section: Cell theory

Question: What is the process of cell duplication?

Foundations of modern biology.
Cell theory.
Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and that all living things are composed of one or more cells or the secreted products of those cells (e.g.
shells).
All cells arise from other cells through cell division.
In multicellular organisms, every cell in the organism's body derives ultimately from a single cell in a fertilized egg.
The cell is also considered to be the basic unit in many pathological processes.
In addition, the phenomenon of energy flow occurs in cells in processes that are part of the function known as metabolism.
Finally, cells contain hereditary information (DNA), which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.
Article: The Godfather
Section: Box office performance

Question: When did the Sound of Music get released?

Box office performance.
"The Godfather" was a blockbuster, breaking many box office records to become the highest grossing film of 1972.
It earned $81.5 million in theatrical rentals in North America during its initial release, increasing its earnings to $85.7 million through a reissue in 1973, and including a limited re-release in 1997 it ultimately earned an equivalent exhibition gross of $135 million.
It displaced "Gone with the Wind" to claim the record as the top rentals earner, a position it would retain until the release of "Jaws" in 1975.
News articles at the time proclaimed it was the first film to gross $100 million in North America, but such accounts are erroneous since this record in fact belongs to "The Sound of Music", released in 1965.
The film repeated its native success overseas, earning in total an unprecedented $142 million in worldwide theatrical rentals, to become the highest net earner.
Profits were so high for "The Godfather" that earnings for Gulf & Western Industries, Inc., which owned Paramount Pictures, jumped from seventy-seven cents per share to three dollars and thirty cents a share for the year, according to a "Los Angeles Times" article, dated December 13, 1972.
To date, it has grossed between $245 and 286 million in international box office receipts, and adjusted for ticket price inflation in North America, ranks among the top 25 highest-grossing films.
Article: Love the Way You Lie
Section: Recognition

Question: How well did the song "Love The Way You Lie" do on the radio?

"Love the Way You Lie" ranked in various best-of-2010 lists.
Claire Suddath of "Time" placed it at number five on her top-ten list and wrote, "That this song didn't come across sounding clichéd or tasteless is a testament to both artists' skill."
AOL Radio considered the song the best of 2010 hip hop music, regarding Eminem as imaginative and passionate.
It ranked ninth on MTV News' top-twenty-five list.
Its editor James Montgomery attributed the song's success to its theme and relation to the artists' past abusive relationships.
He concluded, "You cannot write a song any better than that, because that's how this kind of thing happens in real life."
"The New York Post" placed the song at second place on their "top 210 songs from 2010" list and regarded it as a "comeback club anthem."
In April 2011, Gabriel Alvarez of "Complex" magazine ranked it at number 100 on their "100 Best Eminem Songs" list, calling it a love song and praising Rihanna's vocals as beautiful.
"Love the Way You Lie" and its accompanying music video were nominated for five Grammy Awards at the 2011 ceremony, including "Record of the Year", "Song of the Year" and "Best Short Form Music Video".
It won the People's Choice Awards for "Favorite Music Video" and "Favorite Song".
Article: Tennis
Section: Premier events

Question: When were the Premier Events introduced into Tennis?

Women's tournament structure.
Premier events.
Premier events for women form the most prestigious level of events on the Women's Tennis Association Tour after the Grand Slam tournaments.
These events offer the largest rewards in terms of points and prize money.
Within the Premier category are Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and Premier tournaments.
The Premier events were introduced in 2009 replacing the previous Tier I and II tournament categories.
Currently four tournaments are Premier Mandatory, five tournaments are Premier 5, and twelve tournaments are Premier.
The first tiering system in women's tennis was introduced in 1988.
At the time of its creation, only two tournaments, the Lipton International Players Championships in Florida and the German Open in Berlin, comprised the Tier I category.
Article: Nebula
Section: Diffuse nebulae

Question: What is diffuse nebulae?

Most nebulae can be described as diffuse nebulae, which means that they are extended and contain no well-defined boundaries.
In visible light these nebulae may be divided into emission and reflection nebulae.
Emission nebulae emit spectral line radiation from ionized gas (mostly ionized hydrogen); they are often called HII regions (the term "HII" is used in professional astronomy to refer to ionized hydrogen).
Reflection nebulae themselves do not emit significant amounts of visible light, but are near stars and reflect light from them.
Similar nebulae not illuminated by stars do not exhibit visible radiation, but may be detected as opaque clouds blocking light from luminous objects behind them; they are called "dark nebulae".
Although these nebulae have different visibility at optical wavelengths, they are all bright sources of infrared emission, chiefly from dust within the nebulae.
Article: Sydney Opera House
Section: Significant changes to Utzon's design

Question: Give and example of quality original acoustics design?

 The major hall, which was originally to be a multipurpose opera/concert hall, became solely a concert hall, called the Concert Hall.
The minor hall, originally for stage productions only, incorporated opera and ballet functions and was called the Opera Theatre, later renamed the Joan Sutherland Theatre.
As a result, the Joan Sutherland Theatre is inadequate to stage large-scale opera and ballet.
A theatre, a cinema and a library were also added.
These were later changed to two live drama theatres and a smaller theatre "in the round".
These now comprise the Drama Theatre, the Playhouse, and the Studio, respectively.
These changes were primarily because of inadequacies in the original competition brief, which did not make it adequately clear how the Opera House was to be used.
The layout of the interiors was changed, and the stage machinery, already designed and fitted inside the major hall, was pulled out and largely thrown away, as detailed in the 1968 BBC TV documentary "Autopsy on a Dream", which "chronicles the full spectrum of controversy surrounding the construction of the Sydney Opera House".
 Externally, the cladding to the podium and the paving (the podium was originally not to be clad down to the water, but to be left open).
 The construction of the glass walls (Utzon was planning to use a system of prefabricated plywood mullions, but a different system was designed to deal with the glass).
 Utzon's plywood corridor designs, and his acoustic and seating designs for the interior of both major halls, were scrapped completely.
His design for the Concert Hall was rejected as it only seated 2000, which was considered insufficient.
Utzon employed the acoustic consultant Lothar Cremer, and his designs for the major halls were later modelled and found to be very good.
The subsequent Todd, Hall and Littlemore versions of both major halls have some problems with acoustics, particularly for the performing musicians.
The orchestra pit in the Joan Sutherland Theatre is cramped and dangerous to musicians' hearing.
The Concert Hall has a very high roof, leading to a lack of early reflections onstage—perspex rings (the "acoustic clouds") hanging over the stage were added shortly before opening in an (unsuccessful) attempt to address this problem.
Article: Cheese
Section: Health and nutrition

Question: How much fat does a serving of cottage cheese contain?

The nutritional value of cheese varies widely.
Cottage cheese may consist of 4% fat and 11% protein; some whey cheeses 15% fat and 11% protein,; and some triple-crème cheeses 36% fat and 7% protein.
In general, cheese supplies a great deal of calcium, protein, phosphorus and fat.
A serving of Cheddar cheese contains about of protein and 200 milligrams of calcium.
Nutritionally, cheese is essentially concentrated milk: it takes about of milk to provide that much protein, and to equal the calcium.