community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Orange Is the New Black
Section: Production

Question: who directed episode 1-3 of OITNB?

In July 2011, it was announced that Lionsgate Television and Netflix were negotiating adding "Orange Is the New Black", based on Piper Kerman's memoir, to the Netflix original series lineup.
Netflix finalized the deal as a 13-episode straight-to-web series.
Casting announcements began in August 2012, with Taylor Schilling the first to be cast, in the lead role as Piper Chapman, followed by Jason Biggs as Piper's fiancé Larry Bloom.
Laura Prepon and Yael Stone were next to join the series, along with Laverne Cox, an African-American transgender woman, as Sophia Burset, a transgender character.
"The Advocate" touted that "Orange Is the New Black" contains the first ever women-in-prison narrative to be played by a real transgender woman.
"This American Life" host Ira Glass was offered a role as a public radio host but declined.
The role instead went to Robert Stanton, who plays the fictional host Maury Kind.
The series was created and executive produced by Jenji Kohan, whose credits include "Tracey Takes On...", "Mad About You", "Sex and the City" and "Weeds".
The first season's production began in the fall of 2012.
The series' main title theme song, "You've Got Time", was recorded by Regina Spektor for the show and became available for online streaming July 9, 2013.
It began filming in Rockland County, New York on March 7, 2013.
Jodie Foster directed the third episode of the first series.
On June 27, 2013, Netflix renewed the show for a second season.
Article: Peru
Section: Geography

Question: What regions get a lot of summer rain in Peru?

Peru covers of western South America.
It borders Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
The Andes Mountains run parallel to the Pacific Ocean; they define the three regions traditionally used to describe the country geographically.
The "costa" (coast), to the west, is a narrow plain, largely arid except for valleys created by seasonal rivers.
The "sierra" (highlands) is the region of the Andes; it includes the "Altiplano" plateau as well as the highest peak of the country, the Huascarán.
The third region is the "selva" (jungle), a wide expanse of flat terrain covered by the Amazon rainforest that extends east.
Almost 60 percent of the country's area is located within this region.
Most Peruvian rivers originate in the peaks of the Andes and drain into one of three basins.
Those that drain toward the Pacific Ocean are steep and short, flowing only intermittently.
Tributaries of the Amazon River are longer, have a much larger flow, and are less steep once they exit the "sierra".
Rivers that drain into Lake Titicaca are generally short and have a large flow.
Peru's longest rivers are the Ucayali, the Marañón, the Putumayo, the Yavarí, the Huallaga, the Urubamba, the Mantaro, and the Amazon.
Peru does not have an exclusively tropical climate; the influence of the Andes and the Humboldt Current cause great climatic diversity within the country.
The "costa" has moderate temperatures, low precipitations, and high humidity, except for its warmer, wetter northern reaches.
In the "sierra", rain is frequent during summer, and temperature and humidity diminish with altitude up to the frozen peaks of the Andes.
The "selva" is characterized by heavy rainfall and high temperatures, except for its southernmost part, which has cold winters and seasonal rainfall.
Because of its varied geography and climate, Peru has a high biodiversity with 21,462 species of plants and animals reported as of 2003; 5,855 of them endemic.
Article: World War I
Section: Russian Revolution

Question: When was the Brusilov Offensive in eastern Galicia?

Despite the success of the June 1916 Brusilov Offensive in eastern Galicia, dissatisfaction with the Russian government's conduct of the war grew.
The offensive's success was undermined by the reluctance of other generals to commit their forces to support the victory.
Allied and Russian forces were revived only temporarily by Romania's entry into the war on 27 August.
German forces came to the aid of embattled Austro-Hungarian units in Transylvania while a German-Bulgarian force attacked from the south, and Bucharest fell to the Central Powers on 6 December.
Meanwhile, unrest grew in Russia, as the Tsar remained at the front.
Empress Alexandra's increasingly incompetent rule drew protests and resulted in the murder of her favourite, Rasputin, at the end of 1916.
In March 1917, demonstrations in Petrograd culminated in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the appointment of a weak Provisional Government, which shared power with the Petrograd Soviet socialists.
This arrangement led to confusion and chaos both at the front and at home.
The army became increasingly ineffective.
Discontent and the weaknesses of the Provisional Government led to a rise in the popularity of the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, which demanded an immediate end to the war.
The successful armed uprising by the Bolsheviks of November was followed in December by an armistice and negotiations with Germany.
At first, the Bolsheviks refused the German terms, but when German troops began marching across the Ukraine unopposed, the new government acceded to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918.
The treaty ceded vast territories, including Finland, the Baltic provinces, parts of Poland and Ukraine to the Central Powers.
Despite this enormous apparent German success, the manpower required for German occupation of former Russian territory may have contributed to the failure of the Spring Offensive and secured relatively little food or other materiel.
With the adoption of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Entente no longer existed.
The Allied powers led a small-scale invasion of Russia, partly to stop Germany from exploiting Russian resources and, to a lesser extent, to support the "Whites" (as opposed to the "Reds") in the Russian Civil War.
Allied troops landed in Arkhangelsk and in Vladivostok as part of the North Russia Intervention.
Article: The Usual Suspects
Section: Nominations and awards

Question: The best Original Screenplay award went to who at the 1996 British Academy Film Awards?

Christopher McQuarrie was nominated for the Best Original Screenplay and Kevin Spacey was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the Academy Awards.
They both won, and in his acceptance speech Spacey memorably said, "Well, whoever Keyser Söze is, I can tell you he's gonna get gloriously drunk tonight.
"McQuarrie also won the Best Original Screenplay award at the 1996 British Academy Film Awards.
The film was also nominated for Best Film, and best editing.
It won for best editing.
The film was nominated for three Independent Spirit Awards — Best Supporting Actor for Benicio del Toro, Best Screenplay for Christopher McQuarrie and Best Cinematography for Newton Thomas Sigel.
Both Del Toro and McQuarrie won in their categories.
"The Usual Suspects" was screened at the 1995 Seattle International Film Festival, where Bryan Singer was awarded Best Director and Kevin Spacey won for Best Actor.
The Boston Society of Film Critics gave Spacey the Best Supporting Actor award for his work on the film.
Spacey went on to win this award with the New York Film Critics Circle and the National Board of Review, which also gave the cast an ensemble acting award.
Article: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Section: Surrender of Japan and subsequent occupation

Question: Why weren't the soviets mentioned by Hirohito?

Until August 9, Japan's war council still insisted on its four conditions for surrender.
On that day Hirohito ordered Kōichi Kido to "quickly control the situation ... because the Soviet Union has declared war against us."
He then held an Imperial conference during which he authorized minister Shigenori Tōgō to notify the Allies that Japan would accept their terms on one condition, that the declaration "does not comprise any demand which prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as a Sovereign ruler.
"On August 12, the Emperor informed the imperial family of his decision to surrender.
One of his uncles, Prince Asaka, then asked whether the war would be continued if the "kokutai" could not be preserved.
Hirohito simply replied "Of course."
As the Allied terms seemed to leave intact the principle of the preservation of the Throne, Hirohito recorded on August 14 his capitulation announcement which was broadcast to the Japanese nation the next day despite a short rebellion by militarists opposed to the surrender.
In his declaration, Hirohito referred to the atomic bombings:In his "Rescript to the Soldiers and Sailors" delivered on August 17, he stressed the impact of the Soviet invasion and his decision to surrender, omitting any mention of the bombs.
Hirohito met with General MacArthur on September 27, saying to him that "he peace party did not prevail until the bombing of Hiroshima created a situation which could be dramatized."
Furthermore, the "Rescript to the Soldiers and Sailors" speech he told MacArthur about was just personal, not political, and never stated that the Soviet intervention in Manchuria was the main reason for surrender.
In fact, a day after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Hirohito ordered his advisers, primarily Chief Cabinet Secretary Hisatsune Sakomizu, Kawada Mizuho, and Masahiro Yasuoka, to write up a surrender speech.
In Hirohito's speech, days before announcing it on radio on August 15, he gave three major reasons for surrender: Tokyo's defenses would not be complete before the American invasion of Japan, Ise Shrine would be lost to the Americans, and atomic weapons deployed by the Americans would lead to the death of the entire Japanese race.
Despite the Soviet intervention, Hirohito did not mention the Soviets as the main factor for surrender.
Article: Magnetic resonance imaging
Section: How MRI works

Question: What is the field strength of MRI magnets measured in?

To perform a study the patient is positioned within an MRI scanner which forms a strong magnetic field around the area to be imaged.
Most medical applications rely on detecting a radio frequency signal emitted by excited hydrogen atoms in the body (present in any tissue containing water molecules) using energy from an oscillating magnetic field applied at the appropriate resonant frequency.
The orientation of the image is controlled by varying the main magnetic field using gradient coils.
As these coils are rapidly switched on and off they create the characteristic repetitive noises of an MRI scan.
The contrast between different tissues is determined by the rate at which excited atoms return to the equilibrium state.
Exogenous contrast agents may be given intravenously, orally or intra-articularly.MRI requires a magnetic field that is both strong and uniform.
The field strength of the magnet is measured in tesla – and while the majority of systems operate at 1.5T commercial systems are available between 0.2T–7T.
Most clinical magnets are superconducting which requires liquid helium.
The lower field strengths can be achieved with permanent magnets, which are often used in "open" MRI scanners for claustrophobic patients.
Article: Grey's Anatomy
Section: Merchandise

Question: What platform did ABC create a app for Grey's Anatomy?

ABC has partnered with CafePress and Barco Uniforms to provide branded merchandise through an online store.
The products available include shirts, sweatshirts, kitchen-ware, home-ware, and bags, with the "Grey's Anatomy" logo on it.
Also available are custom unisex scrubs and lab coats in a variety of colors and sizes, designed by Barco.
The merchandise released by ABC is available for purchase at the "Grey's Anatomy" official website, and US$1 from every purchase to Barco's Nightingales Foundation.
Five volumes of the "Grey's Anatomy Original Soundtrack" have been released as of 2011.
For the first two seasons, the show's main title theme was an excerpt from "Cosy in the Rocket", by British duo Psapp; it is featured on the first soundtrack album released via ABC's corporate cousin, Hollywood Records, on September 27, 2005.
The second soundtrack, featuring songs from the series' second season, was released on September 12, 2006, followed by a third soundtrack with music from the third season.
Following the seventh season musical episode "Song Beneath the Song", ""Grey's Anatomy": The Music Event" soundtrack was released, with volume four of the soundtrack released subsequently.
In January 2009, Ubisoft announced that it had signed a licensing agreement with ABC Studios to develop a video game based on "Grey's Anatomy".
Designed for the Wii, Nintendo DS, and PC, "" was released on March 10, 2009.
The game allows the player to assume the role of one of the main characters, making decisions for the character's personal and professional life, and competing in a number of minigames.
It has been criticized by reviewers because of the simplicity of the mini-games and voice actors who do not play the same characters on the series, with Jason Ocampo of "IGN" giving it a 6.0 out of 10 overall rating.
ABC and Nielsen partnered in 2011 to create a "Grey Anatomy" application for Apple's iPad.
The application was designed to allow viewers to participate in polls and learn trivial facts as they watch a live episode.
It uses Nielsen's Media-Sync software to listen for the episode and to post features as the episode progresses.
Article: It Will Rain
Section: Abstract

Question: What day could you first purchase "It Will Rain" on iTunes?

"It Will Rain" is a song by American artist Bruno Mars.
The song was released on iTunes for purchase on September 27, 2011.
An accompanying music video was planned to premiere on October 26, 2011 on MTV.
However, on October 24, 2011 Mars announced via Twitter that the music video had been delayed until a couple of weeks.
It eventually premiered on November 10, 2011.
The track appears on the soundtrack to the film ".
In his live tour in Europe, Skylar Grey was with him singing the song.
Article: Orange Is the New Black
Section: Main cast

Question: Who play Sam Healy in "Orange is the New Black?"

 Taylor Schilling as Piper Chapman: Piper is a bisexual woman who is sent to prison for carrying drug money for her former girlfriend Alex 10 years ago.
Piper navigates the stresses it creates in her life and with her fiancé Larry.
While in prison, Piper tries to understand and find her place in the hierarchy and re-examines her relationship with Alex, who is also an inmate.
 Laura Prepon as Alex Vause: Alex is Piper's ex-girlfriend, who is serving time in the same prison.
While growing up in a low socioeconomic class, with a mother working four jobs and a washed-up rock star as a father, Alex was constantly bullied.
She eventually wound up working for an international drug cartel.
Upon reuniting with Piper in prison, the two re-examine their relationship.
Prepon auditioned for the role of Piper, and Jenji Kohan praised her, saying her audition set the bar, and Kohan asked her to read for the role of Alex.
 Michael J. Harney as Sam Healy: Healy is a correctional officer and social worker.
He claims to understand Piper, although he acts passive-aggressively towards her.
He is married to a Ukrainian immigrant who has two years left until she gets her green card.
 Michelle Hurst as Miss Claudette: Piper's cellmate who is very strict and feared by the inmates.
Miss Claudette ran an illegal immigration and child-labor cleaning service; the very one she herself had worked in when she came to the United States as a child to pay off her parents' debt.
 Kate Mulgrew as Galina "Red" Reznikov: Red runs the prison's kitchen as its Master Chef.
She owned a restaurant with her husband and worked with the Russian mob.
Red is the go-to woman in the prison and runs her racket behind the scenes.
She is seen as a mother figure for a group of women, some of whom are former drug users.
 Jason Biggs as Larry Bloom: A struggling writer trying to climb the journalism ladder, Larry finds out his fiancée Piper has to go to prison.
Larry initially believes their relationship can make it through Piper's sentence.
Article: Galatea of the Spheres
Section: Dalí's motivation

Question: What faith did Salvador Dali have?

Dalí had been greatly interested in nuclear physics since the first atomic bomb explosions of August 1945, and described the atom as his "favourite food for thought".
Recognising that matter was made up of atoms which did not touch each other, he sought to replicate this in his art at the time, with items suspended and not interacting with each other, such as in "The Madonna of Port Lligat".
This painting was also symbolic of his attempt to reconcile his new faith in Catholicism with nuclear physics.
His friend, painter Antoni Pitxot, recalled that Dalí held in high regard the depth of perspective in the painting and the spheres he had painted.
Dalí wished for this painting to be displayed on an easel, which had been owned by French painter Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, in a suite of three rooms called the Palace of the Winds (named for the "tramontana") in the Dalí Theatre and Museum in Figueres.
It remains on display there to this day.
It was transported to and exhibited at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne in 2009, along with many other Dalí paintings in the "Liquid Desire" exhibition.
Article: Curry
Section: Curry in the West Indies

Question: What sort of ingredients can be found with Curry dishes at Caribbean restaurants?

 in the West Indies.
In the West Indies, curry is a very popular dish.
The Indian indentured servants that were brought over from India by different European powers, brought this dish, as well as their culture, to the West Indies.
In Jamaica and Trinidad, curried goat is prominently featured.
Curry can be found at both inexpensive and upscale Caribbean restaurants, and ingredients can range from chicken or vegetables to shellfish such as shrimp and scallops.
Examples of curries in the West Indies include:
 Jamaica: Especially curried chicken, goat, fish and shrimp.
 Trinidad and Tobago: Most notably curried chicken, duck, goat, beef (eaten by Muslims and Christians) shrimp, and curry aloo, along with various curried wild meats.
 Guyana: Chicken curry, goat curry, duck curry, shrimp curry, beef curry (eaten by Muslims and Christians), aloo curry (potato), fish (different varieties) curry, etc.
Article: Vincent van Gogh
Section: Portraits

Question: Van Gogh wrote  "I should like to paint portraits which appear after a century to people living then as apparitons." Who did he write it for?

Although Van Gogh is best known for his landscapes, he seemed to find painting portraits his greatest ambition.
He said of portrait studies, "The only thing in painting that excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else.
"To his sister he wrote, "I should like to paint portraits which appear after a century to people living then as apparitions.
By which I mean that I do not endeavor to achieve this through photographic resemblance, but my means of our impassioned emotions – that is to say using our knowledge and our modern taste for color as a means of arriving at the expression and the intensification of the character.
"Of painting portraits, Van Gogh wrote: "in a picture I want to say something comforting as music is comforting.
I want to paint men and women with that something of the eternal which the halo used to symbolize, and which we seek to communicate by the actual radiance and vibration of our coloring."
Article: Australia
Section: Abstract

Question: The federation is comprised by how many states?

Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area.
Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians,who spoke languages grouped into roughly 250 language groups.
After the discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788.
The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
On 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia.
Since Federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy.
The federation comprises six states and several territories.
The population of 23.1 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated in the eastern states.
Australia is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the world's 12th-largest economy.
In 2012 Australia had the world's fifth-highest per capita income, Australia's military expenditure is the world's 13th-largest.
With the second-highest human development index globally, Australia ranks highly in many international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, and the protection of civil liberties and political rights.
Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the Pacific Islands Forum.
Article: Telescope
Section: Types

Question: PlCan you please describe an observatory through a telescope?

The name "telescope" covers a wide range of instruments.
Most detect electromagnetic radiation, but there are major differences in how astronomers must go about collecting light (electromagnetic radiation) in different frequency bands.
Telescopes may be classified by the wavelengths of light they detect:
 X-ray telescopes, using shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet light
 Ultraviolet telescopes, using shorter wavelengths than visible light
 Optical telescopes, using visible light
 Infrared telescopes, using longer wavelengths than visible light
 Submillimetre telescopes, using longer wavelengths than infrared light
As wavelengths become longer, it becomes easier to use antenna technology to interact with electromagnetic radiation (although it is possible to make very tiny antenna).
The near-infrared can be handled much like visible light, however in the far-infrared and submillimetre range, telescopes can operate more like a radio telescope.
For example the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope observes from wavelengths from 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 2000 μm (2 mm), but uses a parabolic aluminum antenna.
On the other hand, the Spitzer Space Telescope, observing from about 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 180 μm (0.18 mm) uses a mirror (reflecting optics).
Also using reflecting optics, the Hubble Space Telescope with Wide Field Camera 3 can observe from about 0.2 μm (0.0002 mm) to 1.7 μm (0.0017 mm) (from ultra-violet to infrared light).
 Fresnel Imager, an optical lens technology
 X-ray optics, optics for certain X-ray wavelengths
Another threshold in telescope design, as photon energy increases (shorter wavelengths and higher frequency) is the use of fully reflecting optics rather than glancing-incident optics.
Telescopes such as TRACE and SOHO use special mirrors to reflect Extreme ultraviolet, producing higher resolution and brighter images then otherwise possible.
A larger aperture does not just mean more light is collected, it is collected at a higher diffraction limit.
Telescopes may also be classified by location: ground telescope, space telescope, or flying telescope.
They may also be classified by whether they are operated by professional astronomers or amateur astronomers.
A vehicle or permanent campus containing one or more telescopes or other instruments is called an observatory.