community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Union Station (Washington, D.C.)
Section: Opening and operation

Question: On what day did Union Station first open?

When the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad announced in 1901 that they planned to build a new union terminal, the city had two reasons to celebrate.
The decision meant that both railroads would soon remove their trackwork and terminals from the National Mall.
Though changes there appeared only gradually, the consolidation of the depots allowed the creation of the Mall as it appears today.
Secondly, the plan to bring all the city's railroads under one roof promised that Washington would finally have a station both large enough to handle large crowds and impressive enough to befit the city's role as the federal capital.
Union Station opened on October 27, 1907, with the arrival of a Baltimore and Ohio Railroad passenger train from Pittsburgh.
The terminal quickly became the portal to the Capitol.
At no time was it busier than during World War II, when as many as 200,000 people passed through in a single day.
For most of its existence, Union Station served as a hub, with service of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Pennsylvania Railroad, and Southern Railway.
The Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad provided a link to Richmond, Virginia, about to the south, where major north-south lines of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and Seaboard Air Line Railroad provided service to the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida.
Article: Let It Be
Section: Personnel

Question: Who did the choral arrangements of Across the Universe, The Long and Winding Road, and I Me Mine?

The Beatles
George Harrison – lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitar on "For You Blue" and "I Me Mine", tambura on "Across the Universe", tuned-down six-string electric guitar on "Two of Us" and "Maggie Mae", lead vocals on "I Me Mine" and "For You Blue", backing vocals.
John Lennon – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar, lead guitar on "Get Back", lap steel guitar on "For You Blue", acoustic guitar on "Two of Us", "Across the Universe" and "Maggie Mae", six-string bass guitar on "Dig It", "Let It Be" and "The Long and Winding Road", whistling on "Two of Us".
Paul McCartney – lead and backing vocals, bass guitar, acoustic guitar on "Two of Us" and "Maggie Mae", piano on "Dig It", "Across the Universe", "Let It Be", "The Long and Winding Road", and "For You Blue", Hammond organ and electric piano on "I Me Mine", maracas on "Let It Be".
Ringo Starr – drums, percussion on "Across the Universe".
Additional musicians
Richard Anthony Hewson – string and brass arrangements on "I Me Mine" and "The Long and Winding Road"
John Barham – choral arrangements on "Across the Universe", "I Me Mine" and "The Long and Winding Road"
George Martin – shaker on "Dig It", string and brass arrangements on "Let It Be", production
Linda McCartney – backing vocals on "Let It Be"
Billy Preston – electric piano on "Dig a Pony", "I've Got a Feeling", "One After 909", "The Long and Winding Road", and "Get Back", Hammond organ on "Dig It" and "Let It Be"
Brian Rogers – string and brass arrangements on "Across the Universe"
Production
Glyn Johns – audio engineering, mixing
Alan Parsons – assistant engineer
Phil Spector – "re-producer" (final overdubs), final mixing
Article: Blackfish (film)
Section: Critical reception

Question: How did Desert News react to the film Blackfish?

The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes said 98% of 94 critics gave the film a positive review, with the site's consensus stating, ""Blackfish" is an aggressive, impassioned documentary that will change the way you look at performance killer whales."
The "Deseret News" called it "a gripping example of documentary filmmaking at its finest".
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 83 based on 33 reviews.
After the film's release, former SeaWorld trainer Bridgette Pirtle said the final film was "a complete ‘180’ from what was originally presented to me."
Mark Simmons, one of Tilikum's first trainers, believed few of his interview comments were used "ecause the things I said flew in the face of the movie’s clear agenda.
What I contributed did not support Gabriela or Tim Zimmerman’s intent with the film.”In January 2014, the family of the late trainer Dawn Brancheau said neither it nor the foundation named after her were affiliated with the film, and that they did not believe it accurately reflected Brancheau or her experiences.
Article: Electrochemistry
Section: First law

Question: What did Faraday conclude based on his electrochemical experiments?

Faraday concluded after several experiments on electrical current in non-spontaneous process, the mass of the products yielded on the electrodes was proportional to the value of current supplied to the cell, the length of time the current existed, and the molar mass of the substance analyzed.
In other words, the amount of a substance deposited on each electrode of an electrolytic cell is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell.
Below is a simplified equation of Faraday's first law:
formula_7
Where
"m" is the mass of the substance produced at the electrode (in grams),
"Q" is the total electric charge that passed through the solution (in coulombs),
"n" is the valence number of the substance as an ion in solution (electrons per ion),
"M" is the molar mass of the substance (in grams per mole).
Article: French toast
Section: "Pain perdu"

Question: Why is french toast called "lost bread"?

In France, Belgium, New Orleans, Acadiana and the Congo, French toast is called "pain perdu", which means "lost bread" in French.
It is called "lost bread" because it is a way to reclaim stale or "lost" bread.
The hard bread is softened by dipping in a mixture of milk and eggs, and then fried.
The bread is sliced on a bias and dipped into a mixture of egg, milk, sugar, cinnamon and vanilla.
The slices are pan-fried in butter and traditionally dusted with powdered sugar and served with jam or syrup on the side.
In New Orleans, "pain perdu" is a local variation of French toast and often shows up on menus as "Lost Bread".
It is made from leftover New Orleans–style French bread.
The bread resembles a French baguette, but has a crunchier exterior and a lighter interior and is usually fried in oil.
It is eaten for breakfast in New Orleans.
In France, "pain perdu" is considered to be a dessert, a breakfast as well as an afternoon tea snack ("goûter").
In Quebec, French toast is called "pain doré", which means "golden bread".
Article: Norway
Section: Architecture

Question: Why were churches constructed in Norway 1,000 years ago?

With expansive forests, Norway has had a tradition of building in wood.
Many of today's most interesting new buildings are made of wood, reflecting the strong appeal that this material continues to hold for Norwegian designers and builders.
With Norway's conversion to Christianity some 1,000 years ago, churches were constructed.
Stonework architecture was introduced from Europe for the most important structures, beginning with the construction of Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.
In the early Middle Ages, wooden stave churches were constructed throughout Norway.
Many of them have survived and represent Norway's most unique contribution to architectural history.
A fine example is Urnes Stave Church, which is now on UNESCO's World Heritage List.
Another notable example of wooden architecture are buildings at the Bryggen Wharf in Bergen, consisting of a row of narrow wooden structures along the quayside.
In the 17th century, under the Danish monarchy, cities and villages such as Kongsberg and Røros were established.
The city had a church built in the Baroque style.
Traditional wooden buildings were constructed in Røros which have survived changes since then.
After Norway's union with Denmark was dissolved in 1814, Oslo became the capital.
The architect Christian H. Grosch designed the earliest parts of the University of Oslo, the Oslo Stock Exchange, and many other buildings and churches constructed in that early national period.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Ålesund was rebuilt in the Art Nouveau style, influenced by styles of France.
The 1930s, when functionalism dominated, became a strong period for Norwegian architecture.
It is only since the late 20th century that Norwegian architects have achieved international renown.
One of the most striking modern buildings in Norway is the Sami Parliament in Kárášjohka, designed by Stein Halvorson and Christian Sundby.
Its debating chamber is an abstract timber version of a "lavvo," the traditional tent used by the nomadic Sami people.
Article: Dallas Buyers Club
Section: Critical response

Question: "Dallas Buyers Club" received universal acclaim during its debut when?

Upon its premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, "Dallas Buyers Club" received universal acclaim by critics and audiences, who greatly praised the film for its acting (particularly for McConaughey and Leto), screenplay and direction.
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 93% based on reviews from 177 critics, with an average score of 7.7 out of 10, with the site's consensus stating, ""Dallas Buyers Club" rests squarely on Matthew McConaughey's scrawny shoulders, and he carries the burden gracefully with what might be a career-best performance."
On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has a rating score of 84 based on 45 reviews, indicating universal acclaim.
Richard Corliss of "Time" magazine considered McConaughey's portrayal to be a "bold, drastic and utterly persuasive inhabiting of a doomed fighter", remarking that "if the camera occasionally suffers a fashionable case of the jitters, the movie transcends its agitated verismo to impart dramatic and behavioral truth".
Leto's portrayal of Rayon, a drug-addicted trans woman with AIDS who befriends McConaughey's character Ron Woodroof, received critical acclaim.
The writers created Rayon, to show "Woodroof’s gradual acceptance of a subculture he had dismissed."
"Time"'s Richard Corliss noted, "Leto captures the sweet intensity and almost saintly good humor of a glamorous, poignant and downright divoon creature — a blithe Camille who may surrender her health but never her panache."
Leto was awarded a Golden Globe, a Screen Actors Guild Award and a variety of film critics' circle awards, including his first Academy Award.
After the Academy award, the casting of a non-transgender actor, as opposed to a transgender actor, was widely critiqued as a missed opportunity, with some LGBT activists criticizing the choice as misogynistic.
The "L.A. Times" compared the issue to white actors appropriating, and exploiting, people of color roles of East Asians, and Africans in the past; and "The Guardian" noted transgender actors are often relegated to roles such as prostitutes, corpses and "freaks."
Article: Family Guy
Section: Early history and cancellation

Question: "Family Guy" debuted to 22 million viewers following which annual ratings machine?

"Family Guy" officially premiered after Fox's broadcast of Super Bowl XXXIII on January 31, 1999, with "Death Has a Shadow".
The show debuted to 22 million viewers, and immediately generated controversy regarding its adult content.
The show returned on April 11, 1999, with "I Never Met the Dead Man".
"Family Guy" garnered decent ratings in Fox's 8:30 pm slot on Sunday, scheduled between "The Simpsons" and "The X-Files".
At the end of its first season, the show was No.
33 in the Nielsen ratings, with 12.8 million households tuning in.
The show launched its second season in a new time slot, Thursday at 9 pm, on September 23, 1999.
"Family Guy" was pitted against NBC's "Frasier", and the series' ratings declined sharply.
Fox removed "Family Guy" from the network's permanent schedule, and began airing episodes irregularly.
The show returned on March 7, 2000, at 8:30 pm on Tuesdays, but was constantly beaten in the ratings by the new breakout hit "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire", coming in at No.
114 in the Nielsen Ratings with 6.320 million households tuning in.
Fox announced that the show had been canceled in 2000, at the end of the second season.
However, following a last-minute reprieve, Fox announced on July 24, 2000, its intention to order 13 additional episodes of "Family Guy" to form a third season.
The show returned November 8, 2001, once again in a tough time slot: Thursday nights at 8:00 pm ET.
This slot brought it into competition with "Survivor" and "Friends".
(This situation was later referenced in "").
During its second- and third-season runs, Fox frequently moved the show around to different days and time slots with little or no notice and, consequently, the show's ratings suffered.
Upon Fox's annual unveiling of its 2002 fall line-up on May 15, 2002, "Family Guy" was absent.
Fox announced that the show had been officially canceled shortly thereafter.
Article: Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)
Section: Usage in media

Question: Alcott and Rice skated to Dancing on Ice on what date?

Cultural impact.
Usage in media.
"Stronger" was also used in various forms of media.
It was used in a 2011 Toyota Camry advertisement which stars Clarkson singing the song with her co-stars Chris Berman, Andrew Zimmern, and James Lipton.
Amber Riley, Naya Rivera, and Heather Morris performed the song on the season three episode of "Glee" titled "On My Way", which aired on February 21, 2012.
Raymund Flandez of "The Wall Street Journal" described the trio's performance as "fine, fierce and fabulous."
Their version of "Stronger" debuted on the Hot 100 at number 66 on the week ending March 3, 2012 as "What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)".
The song was featured in "Suburgatory" and was used in advertisements promoting the second season of the USA Network series "Fairly Legal".
It was also featured in a playable piece in the Harmonix video game "Rock Band Blitz", "Rock Band 3" and "Dance Central 3".
On May 6, 2012, a video of some of the patients and hospital staff of Seattle Children's hematology oncology unit dancing to the song were uploaded in YouTube to represent their fight against cancer.
The video became a viral hit and has been featured by "Time" and CBS News.
On February 26, 2012, Chemmy Alcott and Sean Rice skated to the song on Dancing on Ice.
Maria Menounos and Derek Hough danced to the song in the fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars.
The instrumental version has been used as background music to the promotion and the opening theme to the 2013 MDA Show of Strength telethon.
Article: Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)
Section: Setting

Question: What was once where Hell's Kitchen is now filmed?

For the show's first two seasons, the "Hell's Kitchen" restaurant set itself was housed in the former studios of Los Angeles television station KCOP at 915 North La Brea Avenue, in Hollywood, which at one time hosted production of game shows "Tic Tac Dough" and "The Joker's Wild".
Originally the studio was put up for sale, but in the end they were retooled for the production of "Hell's Kitchen".
The dining room area was the location of the former KCOP news studios, and living quarters for the contestants were built on behind the restaurant.
Before season three, the Hell's Kitchen facility was moved to Century Studios at 3322 La Cienega Place in Los Angeles.
Since the fourth season, Hell's Kitchen's venue has been located at 8660 Hayden Place in Culver City.
According to Arthur Perkins, the soundstage is only open for audience members when filming is taking place.
The studio sits on the former location of the famous RKO Forty Acres backlot, which was used in movies such as Gone With The Wind and television series such as "The Andy Griffith Show" and "The Adventures of Superman".
The studio building sits on the location of the military camp seen in the television series "Gomer Pyle U.S.M.C.
".
Article: Bourbon Street
Section: Attractions

Question: What has St Ann Street been referred to?

Though largely quiet during the day, Bourbon Street comes alive at night, particularly during the French Quarter's many festivals.
Most popular among these is the annual Mardi Gras celebration, when Bourbon Street teems with hundreds of thousands of tourists.
Local open container laws in the French Quarter allow drinking alcoholic beverages in the street.
Popular drinks include the hurricane cocktail, resurrection cocktail and Huge Ass Beers - a large plastic cup of draft beer marketed to tourists at a low price.
The most visited section of Bourbon Street is "Upper Bourbon Street", an eight-block section of popular tourist attractions.
Among the tourist attractions are bars, restaurants,souvenir shops and strip clubs.
There are also a number of gay bars.
Most bars are located in the central section of Bourbon Street.
Popular bars include Pat O'Brien's, Johnny White's, The Famous Door, Spirits on Bourbon, Razzoo and The Cats Meow.
Marie Laveau's House of Voodoo is located on the corner of St Ann.
Arguably the most popular restaurant on Bourbon Street is Galatoire's.
However, Jean Laffite's Blacksmith Shop and The Old Absinthe House are also popular.
The upper end of Bourbon Street near Canal Street is home to many of the French Quarter's strip clubs.
These include Rick's Cabaret, Temptations, and Larry Flynt's Barely Legal Club.
The section of Bourbon Street from the intersection of St. Ann Street caters to New Orleans' thriving gay community, featuring such clubs as New Orleans' largest gay nightclub, The Bourbon Pub, and Oz.
St. Ann Street has been referred to as "the Velvet Line", in reference to it being the edge or boundary line of the gay community in the French Quarter.
Cafe-Lafitte-In-Exile is the oldest gay bar in the country.
The intersection of Bourbon Street and St. Ann Street is also the center of Southern Decadence, commonly referred to as the "Gay Mardi Gras" and attracts upwards of 100,000 participants over Labor Day weekend.
Article: Black hole
Section: X-ray binaries

Question: What is the term for a period of low X-ray emissions?

X-ray binaries are binary star systems that are luminous in the X-ray part of the spectrum.
These X-ray emissions are generally thought to be caused by one of the component stars being a compact object accreting matter from the other (regular) star.
The presence of an ordinary star in such a system provides a unique opportunity for studying the central object and determining if it might be a black hole.
If such a system emits signals that can be directly traced back to the compact object, it cannot be a black hole.
The absence of such a signal does, however, not exclude the possibility that the compact object is a neutron star.
By studying the companion star it is often possible to obtain the orbital parameters of the system and obtain an estimate for the mass of the compact object.
If this is much larger than the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (that is, the maximum mass a neutron star can have before collapsing) then the object cannot be a neutron star and is generally expected to be a black hole.
The first strong candidate for a black hole, Cygnus X-1, was discovered in this way by Charles Thomas Bolton, Louise Webster and Paul Murdin in 1972.
Some doubt, however, remained due to the uncertainties resultant from the companion star being much heavier than the candidate black hole.
Currently, better candidates for black holes are found in a class of X-ray binaries called soft X-ray transients.
In this class of system the companion star is relatively low mass allowing for more accurate estimates in the black hole mass.
Moreover, these systems are only active in X-ray for several months once every 10–50 years.
During the period of low X-ray emission (called quiescence), the accretion disc is extremely faint allowing for detailed observation of the companion star during this period.
One of the best such candidates is V404 Cyg.
Article: Mona Lisa
Section: History

Question: When did Leonardo da Vinci start painting the Mona Lisa?

Leonardo da Vinci began painting the "Mona Lisa" in 1503 or 1504 in Florence, Italy.
Although the Louvre states that it was "doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506", the art historian Martin Kemp says there is some difficulty in confirming the actual dates with certainty.
According to Leonardo's contemporary, Giorgio Vasari, "after he had lingered over it four years, left it unfinished".
Leonardo, later in his life, is said to have regretted "never having completed a single work".
In 1516 Leonardo was invited by King François I to work at the Clos Lucé near the king's castle in Amboise.
It is believed that he took the "Mona Lisa" with him and continued to work after he moved to France.
Art historian Carmen C. Bambach has concluded that da Vinci probably continued refining the work until 1516 or 1517.
On his death the painting was inherited, among other works, by his pupil and assistant Salaì.
The king bought the painting for 4,000 "écus" and kept it at Palace of Fontainebleau, where it remained until given to Louis XIV.
Louis XIV moved the painting to the Palace of Versailles.
After the French Revolution, it was moved to the Louvre, but spent a brief period in the bedroom of Napoleon in the Tuileries Palace.
During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) it was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal.
During World War II, the painting was again removed from the Louvre and taken safely, first to Château d'Amboise, then to the Loc-Dieu Abbey and Château de Chambord, then finally to the Ingres Museum in Montauban.
Article: Lights (musician)
Section: Personal life

Question: How did Beau Bokan propose to his future wife named Lights?

While at a Taking Back Sunday concert, Beau Bokan, the lead vocalist of metalcore band Blessthefall, asked a mutual friend of Lights if they would introduce the two.
The couple started dating soon after.
On August 30, 2011, Lights became engaged to Bokan.
As his proposal, Bokan made fortune cookies for Lights, with one containing the fortune of "Will You Marry Me?"
They were married on May 12, 2012.
On November 4, 2013, the couple announced that Lights was pregnant with their first child via Twitter and Facebook.
Lights and her sister were pregnant at the same time.
On February 15, 2014, Lights gave birth to their daughter, Rocket Wild Bokan.
Article: The Shawshank Redemption
Section: Abstract

Question: Who does Andy Dufresne befriend during his time at the prison?

The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont and starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman.
Adapted from the Stephen King novella "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption", the film tells the story of Andy Dufresne, a banker who spends 19 years in Shawshank State Prison for the murder of his wife and her lover despite his claims of innocence.
During his time at the prison, he befriends a fellow inmate, Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding, and finds himself protected by the guards after the warden begins using him in his money laundering operation.
Despite a lukewarm box office reception that barely recouped its budget, the film received multiple award nominations and favorable reviews from critics for its acting and realism.
It has since enjoyed a remarkable life on cable television, VHS, DVD, and Blu-ray.
It was included in the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Movies 10th Anniversary Edition.