community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: We Found Love
Section: Composition

Question: Which music genres would 'We Found Love' fall into?

"We Found Love" is an electro house and dance-pop song.
It also displays elements of Europop, pop, techno, trance, and Eurodisco.
According to the digital music sheet published at musicnotes.com, the song is written in the key of E♭ minor and it is set at a tempo of 128 beats per minute.
The instrumentation of "We Found Love" consists of alarm bells, a keyboard, repetitive pumped-up synthesizers and 4/4 beats.
Rihanna's vocal range in the song spans one octave, from the lower note of C♯4 to the higher note of C♯5.
Priya Elan of "NME" commented that Rihanna sounds "extremely relaxed" and Bill Lamb of About.com wrote that her vocals are simple and unaffected.
Leah Collins of "The Vancouver Sun" wrote that Rihanna's vocals on "We Found Love" were similar to her own ones on "Fly".
According to Elan, the keyboard work in the song bears resemblance to that in from "Only Girl (In the World)" and the melody is similar to that of "Complicated", a track included in Rihanna's 2010 studio album "Loud".
Similarly, Michael Cragg of "The Guardian" noted that "We Found Love" is in the same vein as "Only Girl (In the World)", with regard to its dance beat.
The lyrical content of the song is spare and largely revolves around Rihanna chanting the song's hook line, "We found love in a hopeless place".
Jody Rosen of "Rolling Stone" described it as "half-baked romantic".
Rihanna starts the song in a falsetto airy voice as she sings, "Yellow diamonds in the light / And we’re standing side by side / As your shadow crosses mine / What it takes to come alive."
Michael Cragg commented that the first chorus is almost being sidelined in favor of a large chunk of Harris's riff, before they join on the second chorus.
The hook repeatedly rings throughout the song.
In the second verse, she sings: "Shine a light through an open door / Love and life are real divine / Turn away cause I need you more / Feel the heartbeat in my mind / It’s the way I’m feeling I just can’t deny / But I’ve gotta let it go".
Article: Assassination of John F. Kennedy
Section: Funeral

Question: In what city did the state funeral of John F. Kennedy take place and when?

The state funeral took place in Washington, DC during the three days that followed the assassination.
The body of President Kennedy was brought back to Washington, D.C. and placed in the East Room of the White House for 24 hours.
On the Sunday after the assassination, his coffin was carried on a horse-drawn caisson to the U.S. Capitol to lie in state.
Throughout the day and night, hundreds of thousands lined up to view the guarded casket.
Representatives from over 90 countries attended the state funeral on Monday, November 25.
After the Requiem Mass at St. Matthew's Cathedral, the late President was laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
Article: Archery
Section: Mounted archery

Question: What type of bow is more useful when on horseback?

Central Asian tribesmen (after the domestication of the horse) and American Plains Indians (after gaining access to horses) became extremely adept at archery on horseback.
Lightly armoured, but highly mobile archers were excellently suited to warfare in the Central Asian steppes, and they formed a large part of armies that repeatedly conquered large areas of Eurasia.
Shorter bows are more suited to use on horseback, and the composite bow enabled mounted archers to use powerful weapons.
Empires throughout the Eurasian landmass often strongly associated their respective "barbarian" counterparts with the usage of the bow and arrow, to the point where powerful states like the Han Dynasty referred to their neighbours, the Xiong-nu, as "Those Who Draw the Bow" For example, Xiong-nu mounted bowmen made them more than a match for the Han military, and their threat was at least partially responsible for Chinese expansion into the Ordos region, to create a stronger, more powerful buffer zone against them.
It is possible that "barbarian" peoples were responsible for introducing archery or certain types of bows to their "civilized" counterparts—the Xiong-nu and the Han being one example.
Similarly, short bows seem to have been introduced to Japan by northeast Asian groups.
Article: Boston Tea Party
Section: Tea trade to 1767

Question: Where was most illicit tea sold?

As Europeans developed a taste for tea in the 17th century, rival companies were formed to import the product from China.
In England, Parliament gave the East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea in 1698.
When tea became popular in the British colonies, Parliament sought to eliminate foreign competition by passing an act in 1721 that required colonists to import their tea only from Great Britain.
The East India Company did not export tea to the colonies; by law, the company was required to sell its tea wholesale at auctions in England.
British firms bought this tea and exported it to the colonies, where they resold it to merchants in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston.
Until 1767, the East India Company paid an "ad valorem" tax of about 25% on tea that it imported into Great Britain.
Parliament laid additional taxes on tea sold for consumption in Britain.
These high taxes, combined with the fact that tea imported into Holland was not taxed by the Dutch government, meant that Britons and British Americans could buy smuggled Dutch tea at much cheaper prices.
The biggest market for illicit tea was England—by the 1760s the East India Company was losing £400,000 per year to smugglers in Great Britain—but Dutch tea was also smuggled into British America in significant quantities.
In 1767, to help the East India Company compete with smuggled Dutch tea, Parliament passed the Indemnity Act, which lowered the tax on tea consumed in Great Britain, and gave the East India Company a refund of the 25% duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies.
To help offset this loss of government revenue, Parliament also passed the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767, which levied new taxes, including one on tea, in the colonies.
Instead of solving the smuggling problem, however, the Townshend duties renewed a controversy about Parliament's right to tax the colonies.
Article: Batman Begins
Section: Tumbler

Question: Who started the process of designing the Tumbler

Crowley started the process of designing the Tumbler for the film by model bashing.
Crowley used the nose cone of a P-38 Lightning model to serve as the chassis for the Tumbler's turbine engine.
Six models of the Tumbler were built to 1:12 scale in the course of four months.
Following the scale model creation, a crew of over 30 people, including Crowley and engineers Chris Culvert and Annie Smith, carved a full-size replica of the Tumbler out of a large block of Styrofoam in two months.
The Styrofoam model was used to create a steel "test frame", which had to stand up to several standards: have a speed of over , go from 0 to in 5 seconds, possess a steering system to make sharp turns at city corners, and withstand a self-propelled launch of up to .
On the first jump test, the Tumbler's front end collapsed and had to be completely rebuilt.
The basic configuration of the newly designed Tumbler included a 5.7-liter Chevy V8 engine, a truck axle for the rear axle, front tires by Hoosier (which are actually dirt racing tires used on the right rear of open wheel sprint cars), 4 rear 44/18.5-16.5 Interco Super Swamper TSL tires (44" tall, 18.5" wide, mounted on a 16.5" wheel) and the suspension system of Baja racing trucks.
The design and development process took nine months and cost several million dollars.
With the design process complete, four street-ready race cars were constructed, with each vehicle possessing 65 panels and costing $250,000 to build.
Two of the four cars were specialized versions.
One version was the flap version, which had hydraulics and flaps to detail the close-up shots where the vehicle propelled itself through the air.
The other version was the jet version, in which an actual jet engine was mounted onto the vehicle, fueled by six propane tanks.
The visibility inside the vehicle was poor, so monitors were connected to cameras on the vehicle body.
The professional drivers for the Tumblers practiced driving the vehicles for six months before they drove on the streets of Chicago for the film's scenes.
The interior of the Tumbler was an immobile studio set and not actually the interior of a street-capable Tumbler.
The cockpit was over-sized to fit cameras for scenes filmed in the Tumbler interior.
In addition, another version of the Tumbler was a miniature model that was 1:6 scale of the actual Tumbler.
This miniature model had an electric motor and was used to show the Tumbler flying across ravines and between buildings.
However, the actual Tumbler was used for the waterfall sequence.
Article: Vincent van Gogh
Section: Abstract

Question: What was Vincent Van Gogh's date of birth?

Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a post-Impressionist painter of Dutch origin whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty and bold color, had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art.
After years of painful anxiety and frequent bouts of mental illness, he died aged 37 from a gunshot wound, generally accepted to be self-inflicted (although no gun was ever found).
His work was then known to only a handful of people and appreciated by fewer still.
Van Gogh began to draw as a child, and he continued to draw throughout the years that led up to his decision to become an artist.
He did not begin painting until his late twenties, completing many of his best-known works during the last two years of his life.
In just over a decade, he produced more than 2,100 artworks, consisting of 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints.
His work included self portraits, landscapes, still lifes, portraits and paintings of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers.
Van Gogh spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art dealers, traveling between The Hague, London and Paris, after which he taught for a time in England at Isleworth and Ramsgate.
One of his early aspirations was to become a pastor and from 1879 he worked as a missionary in a mining region in Belgium where he began to sketch people from the local community.
In 1885, he painted his first major work "The Potato Eaters".
His palette at the time consisted mainly of somber earth tones and showed no sign of the vivid coloration that distinguished his later work.
In March 1886, he moved to Paris and discovered the French Impressionists.
Later, he moved to the south of France and was influenced by the strong sunlight he found there.
His work grew brighter in color, and he developed the unique and highly recognizable style that became fully realized during his stay in Arles in 1888.
The extent to which his mental health affected his painting has been a subject of speculation since his death.
Despite a widespread tendency to romanticize his ill health, modern critics see an artist deeply frustrated by the inactivity and incoherence brought about by his bouts of illness.
According to art critic Robert Hughes, Van Gogh's late works show an artist at the height of his ability, completely in control and "longing for concision and grace."
Article: Fight Club
Section: Abstract

Question: In which year did the film "The Graduate" release in?

Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk.
The film was directed by David Fincher and stars Edward Norton, Brad Pitt, and Helena Bonham Carter.
Norton plays the unnamed protagonist, an "everyman" who is discontented with his white-collar job.
He forms a "fight club" with soap maker Tyler Durden, played by Pitt, and they are joined by men who also want to fight recreationally.
The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a dissolute woman, Marla Singer, played by Bonham Carter.
Palahniuk's novel was optioned by 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin, who hired Jim Uhls to write the film adaptation.
Fincher was one of four directors the producers considered.
They hired him because of his enthusiasm for the film.
Fincher developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast and others in the film industry.
The director and the cast compared the film to "Rebel Without a Cause" (1955) and "The Graduate" (1967).
Fincher intended "Fight Club"s violence to serve as a metaphor for the conflict between a generation of young people and the value system of advertising.
The director copied the homoerotic overtones from Palahniuk's novel to make audiences uncomfortable and keep them from anticipating the twist ending.
Studio executives did not like the film and they restructured Fincher's intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses.
"Fight Club" failed to meet the studio's expectations at the box office and received polarized reactions from critics.
It was cited as one of the most controversial and talked-about films of 1999.
However, the film over the years found critical and commercial success with its DVD release, which established "Fight Club" as a cult film.
Article: Gravitational wave
Section: Introduction

Question: Why can gravitational waves be of interest to cosmologists?

In Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity is treated as a phenomenon resulting from the curvature of spacetime.
This curvature is caused by the presence of mass.
Generally, the more mass that is contained within a given volume of space, the greater the curvature of spacetime will be at the boundary of this volume.
As objects with mass move around in spacetime, the curvature changes to reflect the changed locations of those objects.
In certain circumstances, accelerating objects generate changes in this curvature, which propagate outwards at the speed of light in a wave-like manner.
These propagating phenomena are known as gravitational waves.
As a gravitational wave passes a distant observer, that observer will find spacetime distorted by the effects of strain.
Distances between free objects increase and decrease rhythmically as the wave passes, at a frequency corresponding to that of the wave.
This occurs despite such free objects never being subjected to an unbalanced force.
The magnitude of this effect decreases inversely with distance from the source.
Inspiralling binary neutron stars are predicted to be a powerful source of gravitational waves as they coalesce, due to the very large acceleration of their masses as they orbit close to one another.
However, due to the astronomical distances to these sources the effects when measured on Earth are predicted to be very small, having strains of less than 1 part in 1020.
Scientists are attempting to demonstrate the existence of these waves with ever more sensitive detectors.
The current most sensitive measurement is about one part in (as of 2012) provided by the LIGO and VIRGO observatories.
The lack of detection in these observatories provides an upper limit on the frequency of such powerful sources.
A space based observatory, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, is currently under development by ESA.
Gravitational waves should penetrate regions of space that electromagnetic waves cannot.
It is hypothesized that they will be able to provide observers on Earth with information about black holes and other exotic objects in the distant Universe.
Such systems cannot be observed with more traditional means such as optical telescopes and radio telescopes.
In particular, gravitational waves could be of interest to cosmologists as they offer a possible way of observing the very early universe.
This is not possible with conventional astronomy, since before recombination the universe was opaque to electromagnetic radiation.
Precise measurements of gravitational waves will also allow scientists to test the general theory of relativity more thoroughly.
In principle, gravitational waves could exist at any frequency.
However, very low frequency waves would be impossible to detect and there is no credible source for detectable waves of very high frequency.
Stephen W. Hawking and Werner Israel list different frequency bands for gravitational waves that could be plausibly detected, ranging from 10−7 Hz up to 1011 Hz.
Article: Pablo Picasso
Section: Cubism

Question: who made Analytic Cubism?

Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colours.
Both artists took apart objects and "analyzed" them in terms of their shapes.
Picasso and Braque's paintings at this time share many similarities.
Synthetic cubism (1912–1919) was a further development of the genre, in which cut paper fragments – often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages – were pasted into compositions, marking the first use of collage in fine art.
In Paris, Picasso entertained a distinguished coterie of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse quarters, including André Breton, poet Guillaume Apollinaire, writer Alfred Jarry, and Gertrude Stein.
Apollinaire was arrested on suspicion of stealing the "Mona Lisa" from the Louvre in 1911.
Apollinaire pointed to his friend Picasso, who was also brought in for questioning, but both were later exonerated.
Article: Scuba diving
Section: Nitrogen narcosis

Question: How did Cousteau decribe it?

Nitrogen narcosis or inert gas narcosis is a reversible alteration in consciousness producing a state similar to alcohol intoxication in divers who breathe high pressure gas at depth.
The mechanism is similar to that of nitrous oxide, or "laughing gas," administered as anesthesia.
Being "narced" can impair judgment and make diving very dangerous.
Narcosis starts to affect some divers at 66 feet (20 m).
At this depth, narcosis manifests itself as a slight giddiness.
The effects increase drastically with the increase in depth.
Almost all divers are able to notice the effects by 132 feet (40 meters).
At these depths divers may feel euphoria, anxiety, loss of coordination and lack of concentration.
At extreme depths, hallucinogenic reaction and tunnel vision can occur.
Jacques Cousteau famously described it as the "rapture of the deep".
Nitrogen narcosis occurs quickly and the symptoms typically disappear during the ascent, so that divers often fail to realize they were ever affected.
It affects individual divers at varying depths and conditions, and can even vary from dive to dive under identical conditions.
However, diving with trimix or heliox dramatically reduces the effects of inert gas narcosis.
Article: How I Met Your Mother
Section: Season 3

Question: How does the season begin on Barney?

Barney begins the season with the word, "-dary!"
Robin returns from a trip to Argentina with her new boyfriend, Gael (Enrique Iglesias), and Ted must adjust to life as just her friend, while watching Robin and Gael fawning over each other.
Marshall and Lily decide to move out on their own, falling in love with a place they cannot afford.
Robin learns of Lily's bad credit rating due to her compulsive shopping for designer brands, and forces Lily to tell Marshall.
Despite this, they are able to finally secure their dream apartment, only to discover it's in a bad location and more poorly constructed than they thought (the floor is tilted).
Barney is slapped for the third time on Thanksgiving, which Marshall dubs "Slapsgiving.
"Ted tells his children he met their mother through a story concerning her yellow umbrella.
He finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party where his future wife was, although they did not meet.
Ted attempts to woo Stella (Sarah Chalke), a dermatologist he sees to remove an embarrassing butterfly tattoo.
This culminates in a memorable "two-minute date," which incorporates small talk, dinner, a movie, coffee, two cab rides, and a goodnight kiss, all within two minutes.
Robin sleeps with Barney after he comforts her following a break-up with a past Canadian love; Ted is infuriated, and decides to stop being friends with Barney.
Meanwhile, an unknown woman begins to sabotage Barney's attempts to hook up.
His saboteur is revealed to be Abby (Britney Spears), Stella's receptionist, with a vendetta against him for not calling her after they had sex.
In the season finale, Ted gets into a car accident and ends up in hospital, Subsequently Barney gets hit by a bus on the way to visit him and ends up receiving treatment in the same hospital.
Ted realizes Barney really cares about him and they renew their friendship.
It is revealed Barney has true feelings for Robin, while Ted proposes to Stella in an arcade.
Article: Operation Barbarossa
Section: Aftermath

Question: In what year did the Germans fight against the Soviet Union in Case Blue?

With the failure of the Battle of Moscow, all German plans of a quick defeat of the Soviet Union had to be revised.
The Soviet counteroffensives in the winter of 1941 caused heavy casualties on both sides, but ultimately eliminated the German threat to Moscow.
Nevertheless, despite this setback, the Soviet Union had suffered heavily from the loss of large parts of its army, allowing the Germans to mount another large-scale offensive in the summer of 1942, called Case Blue, now directed towards the oil fields of Baku.
This offensive failed just as "Barbarossa" had: the Germans again conquered vast amounts of no-mans-land, but they had again failed to achieve their ultimate goals when they were defeated at Stalingrad.
By then, the Soviet war economy was fully operational, so the Soviet Union was able to simply outproduce the Germans, who were not prepared for a long war of attrition.
As a result, the Germans' last all-out offensive in 1943 at the battle of Kursk failed.
After three years of constant warfare, the Germans were exhausted; thus the Soviets were finally able to defeat the Germans decisively in Operation "Bagration" during the summer of 1944.
This led to a chain of Soviet victories which pushed the Germans back to Berlin in just one year, leading to the surrender of Germany on 8 May 1945.
Article: Sound City (film)
Section: Synopsis

Question: What were the years that Sound City Studios was open?

Sound City Studios was located in the San Fernando Valley, amidst rows of dilapidated warehouses.
The little-known recording studio housed a unique analog Neve recording console and had a reputation for recording drums.
Artists such as Nirvana, Kyuss, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Fleetwood Mac, Neil Young, Rick Springfield, Tom Petty and Slipknot recorded groundbreaking music at the studio.
The film tells the story of the studio from its early days in 1969 until its closing in 2011.
It then follows Dave Grohl's purchase of the studio's custom analog Neve console, which he moved to his personal studio, Studio 606.
Rupert Neve is an English engineer who founded Neve Electronics in 1961, designed and manufactured the Neve 8028, "one of four in the world", and is interviewed by Grohl in the film.
Famous musicians who recorded at Sound City reunite at Studio 606 for a jam session and to make an album of "all-new all-original songs, each one composed and recorded exclusively for the film within its own 24-hour session on that console."
It also shows album covers by some bands: Red Hot Chili Peppers's "One Hot Minute", Nirvana's "Incesticide" and "Nevermind", Rage Against The Machine's self-titled album and many others.