community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Cold War
Section: East Europe breaks away

Question: In what year did the Berlin Wall Fall?

By 1989, the Soviet alliance system was on the brink of collapse, and, deprived of Soviet military support, the Communist leaders of the Warsaw Pact states were losing power.
Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases.
In 1989, the Communist governments in Poland and Hungary became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections.
In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders.
The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising.
Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed.
The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe.
The 1989 revolutionary wave swept across Central and Eastern Europe peacefully overthrew all the Soviet-style communist states: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria, Romania was the only Eastern-bloc country to topple its communist regime violently and execute its head of state.
Article: Last Supper
Section: Location

Question: Where is the traditional location?

According to later tradition, the Last Supper took place in what is called today The Room of the Last Supper on Mount Zion, just outside of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem, and is traditionally known as "The Upper Room".
This is based on the account in the Synoptic Gospels that states that Jesus had instructed a pair of unnamed disciples to go to "the city" to meet "a man carrying a jar of water", who would lead them to a house, where they would find "a large upper room furnished and ready".
In this upper room they "prepare the Passover".
No more specific indication of the location is given in the New Testament, and the "city" referred to may be a suburb of Jerusalem, such as Bethany, rather than Jerusalem itself.
The traditional location is in an area that, according to archaeology, had a large Essene community, a point made by scholars who suspect a link between Jesus and the group (Kilgallen 265).
Saint Mark's Syrian Orthodox Church in Jerusalem is another possible site for the room in which the Last Supper was held, and contains a Christian stone inscription testifying to early reverence for that spot.
Certainly the room they have is older than that of the current coenaculum (crusader - 12th century) and as the room is now underground the relative altitude is correct (the streets of 1st century Jerusalem were at least twelve feet (3.6 metres) lower than those of today, so any true building of that time would have even its upper storey currently under the earth).
They also have a revered Icon of the Virgin Mary, reputedly painted from life by St Luke.
Bargil Pixner claims the original site is located beneath the current structure of the Cenacle on Mount Zion.
Article: Racquetball
Section: Strategy

Question: What is the primary strategy of racquetball?

The primary strategy of racquetball is to command the center of the court just at or behind the dashed receiving line.
This allows the player to move as quickly as possible to all areas of the court and limit open court areas which are difficult to defend.
After a shot, return quickly to center court.
The antithesis of this is to be against a wall which severely limits the player's movement and allows the opponent an open court.
Keep an eye on the opponent by glancing sideways to anticipate their return shot and move appropriately in the court.
Learn the typical return shots of the opponent and move appropriately in the court for a return shot.
Attempt to not be predictable with your return shots.
Other more obvious strategies are to keep the returned ball as low on the front wall as possible, keeping the ball moving fast (limiting reaction time) and to keep your opponent moving away from center court by the use of lobs, cross court shots, and dinks.
Article: Golden Gate Park
Section: Windmills

Question: What does Golden Gate Park use to pump in water?

In 1902, the parks commission authorized construction of two windmills to pump subterranean water to supply the park.
The first, on the north side of the park facing the Pacific Ocean, was completed in 1903 and became known first as the North Windmill and later as the Dutch Windmill; it is now paired with the Queen Wilhelmina Tulip Garden.
The second, Murphy's Windmill, on the south side of the park, began operation in 1908.
They operated for several decades, but fell into disrepair after the park switched to electric water pumps.
The Dutch Windmill was restored in 1981, with Murphy's Windmill's restoration completed in September 2011.
Article: I Believe I Can Fly
Section: Abstract

Question: I believe i can fly is a soundtrack song in what movie?

"I Believe I Can Fly" is a 1996 song by R&B singer R. Kelly.
The song was written, produced and performed by Kelly and was featured on the soundtrack to the 1996 film "Space Jam".
It was originally released on November 26, 1996, but later appeared in Kelly's 1998 album "R.".
In early 1997, "I Believe I Can Fly" reached number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100; it was kept from the No.
1 spot by Toni Braxton's "Un-Break My Heart".
Despite the fact that two of R. Kelly's songs did reach number one, "I Believe I Can Fly" remains the biggest hit of R. Kelly's career.
The single was number one on the R&B Singles chart (for six nonconsecutive weeks), and also topped the charts in the United Kingdom.
It has won three Grammy Awards, and was ranked No.
406 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004.
The music video was directed by Hype Williams.
Article: Call Me Maybe
Section: Track listings

Question: How long is "Talk to Me"?

Digital download
 "Call Me Maybe"  – 3:13
Digital EP
 "Call Me Maybe"  – 3:13
 "Both Sides Now"  – 3:53
 "Talk to Me"  – 2:50
 "Call Me Maybe" (Instrumental)  – 3:13
CD single
 "Call Me Maybe"  – 3:13
 "Both Sides Now"  – 3:53
Remix EP
 "Call Me Maybe" (Manhattan Clique Remix)  – 5:56
 "Call Me Maybe" (Almighty Club Mix)  – 6:58
 "Call Me Maybe" (10 Kings.VS.
Ollie Green Remix)  – 3:08
 "Call Me Maybe" (Coyote Kisses Remix)  – 4:46
Article: Wide Awake (Katy Perry song)
Section: Background

Question: When did the shooting of the music video "Wide Awake" start?

Music video.
In March 2012, during an interview with MTV, Perry stated: "I know exactly what that music video is.
I know exactly who is directing it.
I know the art direction, the people, the narrative, and I had that idea while I was writing the song".
Filming of the official 3D music video for "Wide Awake" began on April 30, 2012 and ended on May 2, 2012.
The music video was directed by Tony T. Datis and will be used as a tie-in promotion for her 2012 3D autobiographical documentary film, "", as part of her deal with Pepsi.
On June 12, 2012, an official trailer directed by Lance Drake, was released on Perry's VEVO channel.
It started with a girl flipping through a book which displays flashbacks of the "Teenage Dream" era, describing each of the singles as a 'chapter', with Wide Awake being 'the final chapter'.
It also unveiled that there will be a fairytale storyline, with 'a giant labyrinth, a poisoned strawberry, a curious cat, prince charming, and a little girl'.
A second preview aired on June 13, 2012 during the season finale of the program "Randy Jackson Presents: America's Best Dance Crew".
Article: Protestant Reformation
Section: Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth

Question: What year was the Brest Bible published?

In the first half of the 16th century, the enormous Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a country of many creeds, but Roman Catholic Church remained the dominating religion.
Reformation reached Poland in the 1520s, and quickly gained popularity among mostly German-speaking inhabitants of such major cities, as Gdańsk, Toruń and Elbląg.
In Koenigsberg, in 1530, Polish-language edition of Luther's Small Catechism was published.
The Duchy of Prussia, which was a Polish fief, emerged as key center of the movement, with numerous publishing houses issuing not only Bibles, but also catechisms, in German, Polish and Lithuanian.
Lutheranism gained popularity in northern part of the country, while Calvinism caught the interest of szlachta, mainly in Lesser Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Several publishing houses were opened in Lesser Poland in mid-16th century, in such locations, as Słomniki and Raków.
At that time, Mennonites and Czech Brothers came to Poland, with the latter ones settling mostly in Greater Poland, around Leszno.
In 1565, Polish Brethren appeared as yet another reformation movement.
The 16th century Commonwealth was unique in Europe, because of widespread tolerance, confirmed by the Warsaw Confederation.
In 1563, the Brest Bible was published (see also Bible translations into Polish).
The period of tolerance ended during the reign of King Sigismund III Vasa, who was under strong influence of Piotr Skarga and other Jesuits.
After the Deluge, and other wars of the mid-17th century, in which all enemies of Poland were either Protestant or Orthodox Christians, the attitude of Poles changed.
Counter-Reformation prevailed, in 1658 Polish Brethren were forced to leave the country, and in 1666, the Sejm banned apostasy from Catholicism to any other religion, under punishment of death.
Finally, in 1717, the Silent Sejm banned non-Catholics from becoming deputies of the Parliament.
Among most important Protestants of the Commonwealth, there are such names, as Mikołaj Rej, Marcin Czechowic, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski and Symon Budny.
Article: Disneyland
Section: Abstract

Question: Construction began at Disneyland in what year?

Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955.
It is the only theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney.
It was originally the only attraction on the property; its name was changed to Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the expanding complex in the 1990s.
Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s.
He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit; however, he soon realized that the proposed site was too small.
After hiring a consultant to help him determine an appropriate site for his project, Walt bought a site near Anaheim in 1953.
Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a special televised press event on the ABC Television Network on July 17, 1955.
Since its opening, Disneyland has undergone a number of expansions and renovations, including the addition of New Orleans Square in 1966, Bear Country (now Critter Country) in 1972, and Mickey's Toontown in 1993.
Disney California Adventure Park was built on the site of Disneyland's original parking lot and opened in 2001.
Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with over 650 million guests since it opened.
In 2011, the park hosted approximately 16.14 million guests, making it the second most visited park in the world that calendar year.
According to a March 2005 report from the Disney Company, there are 65,700 jobs supported by the Disneyland Resort, which includes, at the Resort itself, 20,000 direct Disney employees and 3,800 third-party employees (that is, independent contractors or their employees).
Article: Wakeboarding
Section: Riding

Question: What causes the rider to be launched?

Using edging techniques, the rider can move outside of the wake or cut rapidly in toward the wake.
Jumps are performed by riding towards and up the wake and launching into the air.
This can also be done by riding up a kicker (a jump).
There is also the slider (a rail bar) in which a rider approaches and rides along keeping his balance.
Once a rider improves in the sport, he or she can progress to tricks high in the air.
As the rider edges towards the wake against the pull of the rope, the rider builds pressure against the water on the bottom of the board and gains speed and momentum toward the wake.
When the rider rides up the wake, the energy of the wake launches him airborne.
While in the air, the rider attempts to do tricks.
Tricks vary from beginner to advanced.
Article: Doughnut
Section: United Kingdom

Question: What are glazed twisted rope shaped doughnuts known as?

In some parts of Scotland, ring doughnuts are referred to as "doughrings", with the 'doughnut' moniker being reserved exclusively for the nut-shaped variety.
Glazed, twisted rope-shaped doughnuts are known as "yum-yums".
It is also possible to buy fudge doughnuts in certain regions of Scotland.
Also known as doughnoughts, referring to the 'zero' shape or 'nought', being supplied in bakeries and supermarkets.
Fillings include jam, custard, cream, sweet mincemeat, chocolate and apple.
Common ring toppings are sprinkle-iced and chocolate.
In Northern Ireland, ring doughnuts are known as 'gravy rings', gravy being an archaic term for hot cooking oil.
Article: Zero Dark Thirty
Section: Allegations of partisanship

Question: For Whose killing is referred to by opponents of the Obama administration as a possible partisan element of the film Zero Dark Thirty?

Allegations of partisanship.
Partisan political controversy arose related to the film before shooting began.
Opponents of the Obama Administration charged that "Zero Dark Thirty" was scheduled for an October release just before the November presidential election to support his re-election, as Bin Laden's killing is regarded as a success for President Obama.
Sony denied that politics was a factor in release scheduling and said the date was the best available spot for an action-thriller in a crowded lineup.
The film's screenwriter added, "the president is not depicted in the movie.
He's just not in the movie.
"The distributor Columbia Pictures, sensitive to political perceptions, considered rescheduling the film release for as late as early 2013.
It set a limited-release date for December 19, 2012, well after the election and rendering moot any alleged political conflict.
The nationwide release date was pushed back to January 11, 2013, moving it out of the crowded Christmas period and closer to the Academy Awards.
After the film's limited release, given the controversy related to the film's depiction of torture and its role in gaining critical information, "The New York Times" columnist Frank Bruni concluded that the film is "a far, far cry from the rousing piece of pro-Obama propaganda that some conservatives feared it would be".
Two months later, the paper's columnist Roger Cohen wrote that the film was "a courageous work that is disturbing in the way that art should be".
Cohen disagreed with Steve Coll's critique of the screenwriter's stated effort not to "play fast and loose with history", writing that "Boal has honored those words".
Cohen ended with a note about a Timothy Garton Ash analysis of George Orwell mixing fact and "invented" stories in "Down and Out in Paris and London" – as further support for Boal's method.
Article: Disney's Hollywood Studios
Section: Animation Courtyard

Question: What is the subject of the third segment of the animation tour at Hollywood Studios?

This section of the park originally was the starting point for the tours of the park's active production studios.
Its entrance is marked by a square "studio arch," much like a real Hollywood studio lot entrance might be marked.
The Animation Courtyard is home to a number of attractions based on Disney characters.
The Magic of Disney Animation is an attraction that examines the development process of an animated character.
It also includes interactive games and exhibits, along with meet-and-greet areas for Disney and Pixar characters.
When the park first opened in 1989, the "Feature Animation" pavilion of "The Magic of Disney Animation," designed originally by award winning experience designer Bob Rogers (designer) and the design team BRC Imagination Arts, included four connected experiences which explored the legacy of Disney animation.
The tour commenced with a short film, entitled "Back to Neverland," in which Veteran newscaster, Walter Cronkite and comedian Robin Williams described the animation process by turning Williams into an animated character in the form of one of the "Lost Boys" of Peter Pan.
Following that introductory film, guest would witness the process of animation, first-hand, from elevated, glass-enclosed walkways within one of Disney's actual animation studios, located on the park grounds.
The third segment of the animation tour was a short film in which Disney Animators described the joy of the art of animation.
A finale film, entitled "Classic Disney" presented a montage of key moments from classic animated Disney films.
Mickey Avenue, a sub-section of Animation Courtyard, is home to a walk-through exhibit, , which explores the life and legacy of Walt Disney through photos, models, rare artifacts, and a short biographical film narrated by Julie Andrews.
The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow, is an immersive special effects attraction centered on the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow from the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series.
The Courtyard section also hosts two live shows.
"Disney Junior Live on Stage!"
entertains guests with puppet characters from the "Disney Junior" block of programming on The Disney Channel, including Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, Doc McStuffins, and Sofia the First.
Across the plaza, "Voyage of the Little Mermaid" uses glow-in-the-dark puppets, lasers, music, projectors, human actors and water effects to re-create favorite scenes and songs from the animated "Little Mermaid" film.
Article: Sinking of the RMS Titanic
Section: Casualties and survivors

Question: How many people died because the Titanic sank?

The number of casualties of the sinking is unclear, due to a number of factors, including confusion over the passenger list, which included some names of people who cancelled their trip at the last minute, and the fact that several passengers travelled under aliases for various reasons and were double-counted on the casualty lists.
The death toll has been put at between 1,490 and 1,635 people.
The figures below are from the British Board of Trade report on the disaster.
Less than a third of those aboard "Titanic" survived the disaster.
Some survivors died shortly afterwards; injuries and the effects of exposure caused the deaths of several of those brought aboard "Carpathia".
Of the groups shown in the table, 49% of the children, 26% of the female passengers, 82% of the male passengers and 78% of the crew died.
The figures show stark differences in the survival rates of the different classes aboard "Titanic".
Although only 3 percent of first-class women were lost, 54% of those in third class died.
Similarly, five of six first-class and all second-class children survived, but 52 of the 79 in third class perished.
The only first-class child to perish was Loraine Allison, aged 2.
Proportionately, the heaviest losses were suffered by the second-class men, of whom 92% died.
Additionally, among the pets brought aboard three survived the sinking.
Article: Romania
Section: Independence and monarchy

Question: During what war did Romania fight alongside Russia?

During the period of the Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania and Ottoman suzerainty over Wallachia and Moldavia, most Romanians were considered second-class citizens or even non-citizens in a territory where they formed the majority of the population.
Following the Wallachian uprising of 1821, more insurrections followed in 1848 in Wallachia as well as Moldavia.
The flag adopted for Wallachia by the revolutionaries was a blue-yellow-red horizontal tricolour (with blue above, in line with the meaning "Liberty, Justice, Fraternity"), while Romanian students in Paris hailed the new government with the same flag "as a symbol of union between Moldavians and Muntenians".
The same flag, with the tricolour being mounted vertically, would later on be officially adopted as the national flag of Romania.
After the failed 1848 Revolution, the Great Powers did not support the Romanians' expressed desire to officially unite in a one single state, which forced them to proceed alone with their struggle against the Ottomans.
The electors in both Moldavia and Wallachia chose in 1859 the same leader –Alexandru Ioan Cuza– to be their Ruling Prince ("Domnitor" in Romanian).
Thus, Romania was created as a personal union, albeit without including Transylvania.
There, the upper class and the aristocracy chose to remain under Hungarian rule, even though the Romanians were by far the most numerous ethnic Transylvanian group and constituted the absolute majority.
In an 1866 "coup d'état", Cuza was exiled and replaced by Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who became known as Prince Carol I of Romania.
During the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War Romania fought on the Russian side, and as a result of it in the Treaty of San Stefano and the Treaty of Berlin, Romania was recognized as an independent state both by the Ottoman Empire and the Great Powers.
In return, Romania ceded the district of Bessarabia to Russia and acquired Dobruja.
In 1881, the principality was raised to a kingdom and Prince Carol became King Carol I of Romania.
The 1878–1914 period was one of stability and progress for Romania.
During the Second Balkan War, Romania joined Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Turkey against Bulgaria, and in the peace Treaty of Bucharest (1913) Romania gained Southern Dobruja.
Article: Tennis
Section: Junior tennis

Question: Which one is the only junior tennis tournaments that offer prize money?

In tennis, a junior is a player 18 and under who is still legally protected by a parent or guardian.
Players on the main adult tour who are under 18 must have documents signed by a parent or guardian.
These players, however, are still eligible to play in junior tournaments.
The International Tennis Federation (ITF) conducts a junior tour that allows juniors to establish a world ranking and an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranking.
Most juniors who enter the international circuit do so by progressing through ITF, Satellite, Future, and Challenger tournaments before entering the main circuit.
The latter three circuits also have adults competing in them.
Some juniors, however, such as Australian Lleyton Hewitt and Frenchman Gaël Monfils, have catapulted directly from the junior tour to the ATP tour by dominating the junior scene or by taking advantage of opportunities given to them to participate in professional tournaments.
In 2004, the ITF implemented a new rankings scheme to encourage greater participation in doubles, by combining two rankings (singles and doubles) into one combined tally.
Junior tournaments do not offer prize money except for the Grand Slam tournaments, which are the most prestigious junior events.
Juniors may earn income from tennis by participating in the Future, Satellite, or Challenger tours.
Tournaments are broken up into different tiers offering different amounts of ranking points, culminating with Grade A.
Leading juniors are allowed to participate for their nation in the Junior Fed Cup and Davis Cup competitions.
To succeed in tennis often means having to begin playing at a young age.
To facilitate and nurture a junior's growth in tennis, almost all tennis playing nations have developed a junior development system.
Juniors develop their play through a range of tournaments on all surfaces, accommodating all different standards of play.
Talented juniors may also receive sponsorships from governing bodies or private institutions.