community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Avengers (2012 film)
Section: Music

Question: Who will compose the score for "The Avengers"?

In November 2011, Marvel announced that Alan Silvestri, who scored "Captain America: The First Avenger", would write and compose the score for "The Avengers".
Silvestri said, "I've worked on films where there have been a number of stars and certainly worked on films where there have been characters of equal weight in terms of their level of importance and profile in the film, but this one is somewhat extreme in that regard because each of these characters has their own world and it's a very different situation.
It's very challenging to look for a way to give everyone the weight and consideration they need, but at the same time the film is really about the coming together of these characters, which implies that there is this entity called the Avengers which really has to be representative of all of them together."
Silvestri developed the score with the London Symphony Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London, England.
Whedon said, "The score is very old-fashioned, which is why was letter-perfect for this movie because he can give you the heightened emotion, the [Hans Zimmer school of 'I'm just feeling a lot right now!'
but he can also be extraordinarily cue and character specific, which I love.
"In March 2012, American alternative rock band Soundgarden announced through its Facebook page that its song "Live to Rise" would be included on the film's soundtrack.
Additionally, the Indian rock band Agnee released a music video for its single "Hello Andheron", which serves as the theme song for the film's Indian release.
The following day, Marvel revealed details for the soundtrack, which was released May 1, 2012, the same day as the score.
Article: Great Sphinx of Giza
Section: Origin and identity

Question: Who wrote the book "Natural History"?

The Great Sphinx is one of the world's largest and oldest statues but basic facts about it, such as when it was built, and by whom, are still debated.
These questions have resulted in the popular idea of the "Riddle of the Sphinx," alluding to the original Greek legend of the Riddle of the Sphinx.
Pliny The Elder mentioned the Great Sphinx in his book, "Natural History", commenting that the Egyptians looked upon the statue as a "divinity" that has been passed over in silence and "that King Harmais was buried in it".
Article: Cereal
Section: Production

Question: Name a close relative of the common wheat.

The following table shows the annual production of cereals in 1961, 2010, 2011, and 2012 ranked by 2012 production.
All but buckwheat and quinoa are true grasses (these two are pseudocereals).
Maize, wheat, and rice together accounted for 89% of all cereal production worldwide in 2012, and 43% of all food calories in 2009, while the production of oats and triticale have drastically fallen from their 1960s levels.
Other grains that are important in some places, but that have little production globally (and are not included in FAO statistics), include:
 Teff, an ancient grain that is a staple in Ethiopia.
It is high in fiber and protein.
Its flour is often used to make injera.
It can also be eaten as a warm breakfast cereal similar to farina with a chocolate or nutty flavor.
Its flour and whole grain products can usually be found in natural foods stores.
 Wild rice, grown in small amounts in North America.
 Amaranth, an ancient pseudocereal, formerly a staple crop of the Aztec Empire and now widely grown in Africa.
 Kañiwa, close relative of quinoa.
Several other species of wheat have also been domesticated, some very early in the history of agriculture:
 Spelt, a close relative of common wheat.
 Einkorn, a wheat species with a single grain.
 Emmer, one of the first crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent.
 Durum, the only tetraploid species of wheat currently cultivated, used to make semolina.
 Kamut, an ancient relative of durum with an unknown history.
Article: Chocolate brownie
Section: Abstract

Question: What is a brownie a cross between?

A chocolate brownie is a flat, baked square or bar developed in the United States at the end of the 19th century and popularized in both the U.S. and Canada during the first half of the 20th century.
The brownie is a cross between a cake and a cookie in texture.
Brownies come in a variety of forms.
They are either fudgy or cakey, depending on their density, and they may include nuts, frosting, whipped cream, chocolate chips, or other ingredients.
A variation that is made with brown sugar and no chocolate is called a blondie.
Brownies are common lunchbox fare, typically eaten by hand, and often accompanied by milk or coffee.
They are sometimes served warm with ice cream (à la mode), topped with whipped cream or marzipan, or sprinkled with powdered sugar.
They are especially popular in restaurants, where they can be found in variation on many dessert menus.
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Production design

Question: Is The Dark Knight a war film?

Concept artist Tully Summers commented on Nolan's style of cinematography when asked about the difference between his designs for this film and fantasy-based designs for "Men in Black 3": "The difference for me was Christopher Nolan's visual style.
One of the things that makes his Batman movies so compelling is their tone of plausibility.
He will often prefer a raw, grittier design over one that is very sleek and product design pretty.
It's sort of a practical military aesthetic.
This stuff is made to work, not impress shoppers.
"The Dark Knight Rises" is a war film."
Producer Emma Thomas stated this Batman film has a different visual aesthetic from the first two Nolan-directed features, explaining that "it's meant to be winter in Gotham, so that right there is going to lend a whole different look to the film.
"The film introduces a vehicle that has been compared with the Batplane, dubbed "the Bat".
In designing the Bat, Nathan Crowley approached it as if it were an actual military project, emphasising the need for it to "fit into the same family" as the Tumbler and the Batpod.
The final version of the Bat takes its design cues from the Harrier Jump Jet, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey and the Boeing AH-64 Apache.
Chris Corbould described the Bat's size and shape as presenting a major challenge for filming given Christopher Nolan's emphasis on practical effects over computer-generated imagery.
In order to make the Bat "fly", it was variously supported by wires, suspended from cranes and helicopters, and mounted on a purpose-built vehicle with hydraulic controls to simulate movement.
When designing the Batcave set, Crowley and fellow production designer Kevin Kavanaugh hit upon the idea of flooding the Batcave and having Batman's equipment, the Batsuit and a supercomputer rise from the water.
Another set was designed at Cardington as an "underground prison", a rough-hewn labyrinth of stone cells in a vast abyss with a vertical shaft leading to the surface.
Exteriors above the prison were filmed in Jodhpur, India, chosen because the "forbidding landscape added to the desolation".
Article: Baseball
Section: Other personnel

Question: What does the manager do?

The manager, or head coach of a team, oversees the team's major strategic decisions, such as establishing the starting rotation, setting the lineup, or batting order, before each game, and making substitutions during games—in particular, bringing in relief pitchers.
Managers are typically assisted by two or more coaches; they may have specialized responsibilities, such as working with players on hitting, fielding, pitching, or strength and conditioning.
At most levels of organized play, two coaches are stationed on the field when the team is at bat: the first base coach and third base coach, occupying designated coaches' boxes just outside the foul lines, assist in the direction of baserunners when the ball is in play, and relay tactical signals from the manager to batters and runners during pauses in play.
In contrast to many other team sports, baseball managers and coaches generally wear their team's uniforms; coaches must be in uniform in order to be allowed on the playing field during a game.
Any baseball game involves one or more umpires, who make rulings on the outcome of each play.
At a minimum, one umpire will stand behind the catcher, to have a good view of the strike zone, and call balls and strikes.
Additional umpires may be stationed near the other bases, thus making it easier to judge plays such as attempted force outs and tag outs.
In Major League Baseball, four umpires are used for each game, one near each base.
In the playoffs, six umpires are used: one at each base and two in the outfield along the foul lines.
Article: Evolution
Section: Genetic hitchhiking

Question: What does genetic recombination do?

Recombination allows alleles on the same strand of DNA to become separated.
However, the rate of recombination is low (approximately two events per chromosome per generation).
As a result, genes close together on a chromosome may not always be shuffled away from each other and genes that are close together tend to be inherited together, a phenomenon known as linkage.
This tendency is measured by finding how often two alleles occur together on a single chromosome compared to expectations, which is called their linkage disequilibrium.
A set of alleles that is usually inherited in a group is called a haplotype.
This can be important when one allele in a particular haplotype is strongly beneficial: natural selection can drive a selective sweep that will also cause the other alleles in the haplotype to become more common in the population; this effect is called genetic hitchhiking or genetic draft.
Genetic draft caused by the fact that some neutral genes are genetically linked to others that are under selection can be partially captured by an appropriate effective population size.
Article: Baseball
Section: Abstract

Question: How do you play baseball?

Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players who take turns batting and fielding.
The offense attempts to score runs by hitting a ball thrown by the pitcher with a bat and moving counter-clockwise around a series of four bases: first, second, third and home plate.
A run is scored when the runner advances around the bases and returns to home plate.
Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways.
A player on the batting team can stop at any of the bases and later advance on a teammate's hit or other means.
The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs.
One turn at bat for both teams, beginning with the visiting team, constitutes an inning, and nine innings a game.
The team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins.
Evolving from older bat-and-ball games, an early form of baseball was being played in England by the mid-18th century.
This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed.
By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States.
Baseball is now popular in North America and parts of Central and South America and the Caribbean, East Asia and Europe.
In the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central.
The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series.
The top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central League and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League.
Article: Lights (musician)
Section: 2010–present: "Acoustic" EP, "Siberia", "Siberia Acoustic", and "Tour"

Question: When was the album "Siberia Acoustic" released?

She toured from January–May 2010 with contemporary synthpop artist Owl City in Canada, USA, and Europe.
Lights is featured on Owl City's song "The Yacht Club" on his album "All Things Bright and Beautiful" which was released on June 14, 2011, as well as appearing in the music video for another one of Owl City's songs "Deer in the Headlights."
Plans for future duets are in the works.
She was also in the summer 2010 Lilith Fair official lineup.
She went on a two week solo UK tour in May 2010 being supported by fellow Canadian artist Rich Aucoin for most of her shows.
Additionally, Lights was a special guest for pop-rock band Hedley's The Show Must Go... On The Road Tour, as well as These Kids Wear Crowns.
Lights released an acoustic EP titled "Acoustic" in July 2010.
Her debut for the album was at the University of Waterloo, where she had received most of her inspiration for the album.
That same month, she began her six-date tour around the US, performing her songs acoustically.
In September, she toured with Hedley for eight dates on the Ontario leg of their Canadian tour.
In October 2010, Bring Me The Horizon's album "There Is a Hell, Believe Me I've Seen It.
There Is a Heaven, Let's Keep It a Secret" featured Lights as a guest vocalist on the songs "Crucify Me" and "Don't Go."
She is also featured on The Secret Handshake's song "Used to be Sweet" from their album "Night and Day".
In October 2010, Lights released "My Boots."
She also left on her headlining tour with Jeremy Fisher.
On June 18, 2011 at the Utopia Music Festival, Lights performed three new songs called "Toes," "Where the Fence is Low," and "Everybody Breaks a Glass.
"The single "Toes" was released on August 16, 2011 as the first single to Lights' second studio album, "Siberia".
After signing with Last Gang Records her album was delayed due to criticism from the label executives.
Though reluctant to tell full details of delays, the shift in style to a more gritty sound was a risk worried about by Last Gang Records.
The full-length album was released online in the US and Canada on October 4, 2011 and went on iTunes stores in Australia on October 28.
Siberia received positive reviews from many critics and was nominated for a Juno Award for Best Pop Album of the Year.
Lights says her favorite song on "Siberia" is "Flux and Flow.
"In July 2012, Lights's husband revealed that she was working on an acoustic version of "Siberia".
She seconded this by posting a photo on Twitter shortly after with a piano and acoustic guitars with the caption, "My station today.
Kind of intimidating..."On March 15, 2013, Lights released an acoustic version of "Cactus in the Valley" featuring Owl City as a single in the UK.
The album, "Siberia Acoustic", was released on April 30, 2013, and reached Number 7 in Canada.
She toured select dates around North America in support of the album, with Dear Rouge opening select dates and Lianne La Havas opening other select dates.
Article: Enough Said (film)
Section: Abstract

Question: The film Enough Said was released which year?

Enough Said (film)Enough Said is a 2013 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Nicole Holofcener.
The film stars Julia Louis-Dreyfus, James Gandolfini (in one of his final roles), Toni Collette, Catherine Keener, Ben Falcone, and Toby Huss.
It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in early September before its release on September 18, 2013.
"Enough Said" has received widespread acclaim from critics, ranking as the fifth best-reviewed wide release of 2013.
Additionally, it has emerged as the most critically and commercially successful work in Holofcener's filmography to date.
The film has also received several major award nominations, including for a Golden Globe, a Screen Actors Guild Award, two Independent Spirit Awards and four Critics' Choice Movie Awards.
In particular, stars Louis-Dreyfus and Gandolfini have received notice for their work, along with Holofcener's script.
Article: Pho
Section: History

Question: What was the name of the villager who opened the first pho stand in Hanoi?

Pho originated in the early 20th century in northern Vietnam, apparently southeast of Hanoi in Nam Định Province, then a substantial textile market.
The traditional home of pho is reputed to be the villages of and (or ) in Đông Xuân commune, Nam Trực District, Nam Định Province.
According to villagers, pho was eaten in long before the French colonial period when it was popularized.
Pho was originally sold at dawn and dusk by roaming street vendors, who shouldered mobile kitchens on carrying poles (').
From the pole hung two wooden cabinets, one housing a cauldron over a wood fire, the other storing noodles, spices, cookware, and space to prepare a bowl of pho.
Pho vendors kept their heads warm with distinctive, disheveled felt hats called '.
Hanoi's first two fixed pho stands were a Vietnamese-owned Cát Tường on Cầu Gỗ Street and a Chinese-owned stand in front of Bờ Hồ tram stop.
They were joined in 1918 by two more on Quạt Row and Đồng Row.
Around 1925, a Vân Cù villager named Vạn opened the first "Nam Định style" pho stand in Hanoi. ""
declined in number around 1936–1946 in favor of stationary eateries.
Article: Grand Central Terminal
Section: Grand Central Terminal

Question: When was the building torn down and then replaced?

Between 1903 and 1913, the entire building was torn down in phases and replaced by the current Grand Central Terminal, which was designed by the architectural firms of Reed and Stem and Warren and Wetmore, who entered an agreement to act as the associated architects of Grand Central Terminal in February 1904.
Reed & Stem were responsible for the overall design of the station, Warren and Wetmore added architectural details and the Beaux-Arts style.
Charles Reed was appointed the chief executive for the collaboration between the two firms, and promptly appointed Alfred T. Fellheimer as head of the combined design team.
This work was accompanied by the "electrification" of the three railroads using the station and the burial of the approach in the Park Avenue tunnel.
The result of this was the creation of several blocks worth of prime real estate in Manhattan, which were then sold for a large sum of money.
In addition, the terminal itself contains support structures for a possible future tower to be built above it.
The new terminal opened on February 2, 1913.
The terminal is made primarily from granite.
In fact, so much granite is used, the building emits relatively high levels of radiation on a regular basis.
Article: Despicable Me
Section: Abstract

Question: What character is voiced by Steve Carell?

Despicable Me is a 2010 American computer-animated 3D comedy film from Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment that was released on July 9, 2010 in the United States.
It is Illumination Entertainment's first film.
It was directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud, based on an original story by Sergio Pablos.
The film stars the voice of Steve Carell as Gru, a super-villain who adopts three girls (voiced by Miranda Cosgrove, Dana Gaier, and Elsie Fisher) from an orphanage; and the voice of Jason Segel as Vector, a rival of Gru who steals the Great Pyramid of Giza.
When Gru learns of Vector's heist, he plans an even greater heist: to shrink and steal the Earth's moon.
It was entirely animated by the French animation studio Mac Guff, which was later acquired by Illumination Entertainment.
The film earned positive reviews from critics, and grossed over $543 million worldwide, against a budget of $69 million.
It launched a franchise with a series of films, including a sequel in 2013, followed by a 2015 spin-off film featuring Gru's Minions as the main characters, and "Despicable Me 3" in 2017.
Article: Ski jumping
Section: Female

Question: What is the first name of Hafele, the ski jumper?

 Sarah Hendrickson
 Sara Takanashi
 Anette Sagen
 Eva Ganster
 Lindsey Van
 Jessica Jerome
 Daniela Iraschko
 Elena Runggaldier
 Evelyn Insam
 Lisa Demetz
 Coline Mattel
 Anna Hafele
 Magdalena Schnurr
 Ulrike Grässler
 Line Jahr
 Jacqueline Seifriedsberger
 Juliane Seyfarth
 Eva Logar
 Maja Vtič
 Anja Tepeš
 Špela Rogelj
 Katja Požun
 Urša Bogataj
Article: American Gothic
Section: Creation

Question: who suggested in 1973 that it was on this drive that Wood first sketched the house on the back of an envelope

In August 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, was driven around Eldon, Iowa by a young painter from Eldon, John Sharp, looking for inspiration.
Wood noticed the Dibble House, a small white house built in the Carpenter Gothic architectural style.
Sharp's brother suggested in 1973 that it was on this drive that Wood first sketched the house on the back of an envelope.
Wood's earliest biographer, Darrell Garwood, noted that Wood "thought it a form of borrowed pretentiousness, a structural absurdity, to put a Gothic-style window in such a flimsy frame house."
At the time, Wood classified it as one of the "cardboardy frame houses on Iowa farms" and considered it "very paintable".
After obtaining permission from the Jones family, the house's owners, Wood made a sketch the next day in oil on paperboard from the house's front yard.
This sketch displayed a steeper roof and a longer window with a more pronounced ogive than on the actual house, features which eventually adorned the final work.
Wood decided to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house."
He recruited his sister Nan (1899–1990) to model the woman, dressing her in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th-century Americana.
The man is modeled on Wood's dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby (1867–1950) from Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
The three-pronged hay fork is echoed in the stitching of the man's overalls, the Gothic window of the house, and the structure of the man's face.
However, Wood did not add figures to his sketch until he returned to his studio in Cedar Rapids.
He would not return to Eldon again before his death in 1942, although he did request a photograph of the home to complete his painting.
Article: Sydney Opera House
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the number of individuals who engage in a guided tour of the Sydney Opera House every year?

The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the facility is adjacent to the Sydney central business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens, between Sydney and Farm Coves.
Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, the facility formally opened on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition.
The NSW Government, led by Premier Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958, with Utzon directing construction.
The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect's ultimate resignation.
Though its name suggests a single venue, the project comprises multiple performance venues which together are among the busiest performing arts centres in the world — hosting over 1,500 performances each year attended by some 1.2 million people.
The venues produce and present a wide range of in-house productions and accommodate numerous performing arts companies, including four key resident companies: Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet, the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.
As one of the most popular visitor attractions in Australia, more than seven million people visit the site each year, with 300,000 people participating annually in a guided tour of the facility.
Identified as one of the 20th century's most distinctive buildings and one of the most famous performing arts centres in the world, the facility is managed by the Sydney Opera House Trust, under the auspices of the New South Wales Ministry of the Arts.
The Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007.