community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Belgium
Section: Health

Question: How many ministries have merged?

The Belgians are known to enjoy good health.
According to 2012 estimates, the average life expectancy is 79.65 years.
Since 1960, life expectancy has, in line with the European average, grown by two months per year.
Death in Belgium is mainly due to heart and vascular disorders, neoplasms, disorders of the respiratory system and unnatural causes of death (accidents, suicide).
Non-natural causes of death and cancer are the most common causes of death for females up to age 24 and males up to age 44.
Healthcare in Belgium is financed through both social security contributions and taxation.
Health insurance is compulsory.
Health care is delivered by a mostly private system of independent medical practitioners and hospitals.
Most of the time each provided service is directly paid by the patient and reimbursed later on by health insurance companies.
Belgian health care system is supervised and financed by the federal government, the three Communities and the three Regions, i.e.
six distinct Ministries (the Flemish Community and Region have merged).
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Legacy

Question: What year was it ranked as the #2 break up song by VH1?

In 1999, "Every Breath You Take" was listed as one of the Top 100 Songs of the Century by BMI.
In 2003, VH1 ranked the song the #2 greatest Break-up song of all time.
And also as of 2003, Sting was still taking in an average of $2000 per day in royalties for the then 20-year-old song "Every Breath You Take.
"In October 2007, Sting was awarded a Million-Air certificate for 9 million airplays of "Every Breath You Take" at the prestigious BMI Awards show in London, with only Van Morrison's "Brown Eyed Girl" a close second at 8 million air plays.
Sting performed the song in front of an audience of 1.9 billion people at Live Aid in 1985, with Phil Collins providing additional vocals.
Sting performed it again, 20 years later, at Live 8.
Article: Thermodynamics
Section: States and processes

Question: What is the working body referred to?

There are three fundamental kinds of entity in thermodynamics, states of a system, processes of a system, and thermodynamic operations.
This allows three fundamental approaches to thermodynamic reasoning, that in terms of states of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system, and that in terms of time-invariant processes of a system, and that in terms of cyclic processes of a system.
The approach through states of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system requires a full account of the state of the system as well as a notion of process from one state to another of a system, but may require only an idealized or partial account of the state of the surroundings of the system or of other systems.
The method of description in terms of states of thermodynamic equilibrium has limitations.
For example, processes in a region of turbulent flow, or in a burning gas mixture, or in a Knudsen gas may be beyond "the province of thermodynamics".
This problem can sometimes be circumvented through the method of description in terms of cyclic or of time-invariant flow processes.
This is part of the reason why the founders of thermodynamics often preferred the cyclic process description.
Approaches through processes of time-invariant flow of a system are used for some studies.
Some processes, for example Joule-Thomson expansion, are studied through steady-flow experiments, but can be accounted for by distinguishing the steady bulk flow kinetic energy from the internal energy, and thus can be regarded as within the scope of classical thermodynamics defined in terms of equilibrium states or of cyclic processes.
Other flow processes, for example thermoelectric effects, are essentially defined by the presence of differential flows or diffusion so that they cannot be adequately accounted for in terms of equilibrium states or classical cyclic processes.
The notion of a cyclic process does not require a full account of the state of the system, but does require a full account of how the process occasions transfers of matter and energy between the principal system (which is often called the "working body") and its surroundings, which must include at least two heat reservoirs at different known and fixed temperatures, one hotter than the principal system and the other colder than it, as well as a reservoir that can receive energy from the system as work and can do work on the system.
The reservoirs can alternatively be regarded as auxiliary idealized component systems, alongside the principal system.
Thus an account in terms of cyclic processes requires at least four contributory component systems.
The independent variables of this account are the amounts of energy that enter and leave the idealized auxiliary systems.
In this kind of account, the working body is often regarded as a "black box", and its own state is not specified.
In this approach, the notion of a properly numerical scale of empirical temperature is a presupposition of thermodynamics, not a notion constructed by or derived from it.
Article: Despicable Me
Section: Marketing

Question: what smartphone app translates minion language?

Marketing.NBC (which is owned by Universal) had an extensive marketing campaign leading up to the film's release.
Sneak peeks were shown in episodes of "The Biggest Loser".
"Despicable Me" was also featured on "Last Comic Standing" when Gru comes in to audition.
IHOP restaurants promoted the film by introducing three new menu items, a kids' breakfast meal, and a drink all having the word "minion" in them.
Best Buy released a free smartphone application called "Best Buy Movie Mode", which translated what the Minions were saying during the end credits of the 3D theatrical release.
For the home media release of the film, the application was updated to translate the Minions' language throughout the entire film.
Article: Juice
Section: Juice bars

Question: What three ingredients are sometimes used as "boosters" for beverages at a juice bar?

 bars.
A juice bar is an establishment that primarily serves prepared juice beverages such as freshly squeezed or extracted fruit juices, juice blends, fruit smoothies (a thick fruit drink, often iced), or other juices such as fresh wheatgrass juice.
Sometimes other solid ingredients or nutritional supplements may be added as boosters, such as fresh bananas, eggs, nuts or nut butter, bodybuilding supplements, soy protein powder or others such as whey or hemp protein powders, wheat germ, or Spirulina (dietary supplement) or Chlorella.
Also if less juice is used with these same ingredients drinks called health shakes may be produced.
Juice bars share some of the characteristics of a coffeehouse, a soda fountain, a café, and a snack bar.
Juice bars may be stand alone businesses in cities, or located at gyms, along commuter areas, near lunch time areas, at beaches, and at tourist attractions.
In Mexico, juice bars have become more popular in recent times.
Mexican juice bars will often sell healthy beverages and snacks that are popular in Mexico.
Article: A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Section: In popular culture

Question: Which 1986 comedy featured this painting?

The January 1974 "Playboy" magazine featured Nancy Cameron, its Playmate of the Month, on its cover superimposed on the painting in similar style.
The painting was the basis for the 1984 Broadway musical "Sunday In The Park With George" by Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine.
Subsequently the painting is sometimes referred to by the misnomer ""Sunday in the Park"".
The painting is prominently featured in the 1986 comedy film "Ferris Bueller's Day Off".
At the Old Deaf School Park in Columbus, Ohio, sculptor James T. Mason recreated the painting in topiary form; the installation was completed in 1989.
The painting was the inspiration for the commemorative poster printed for the 1993 Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix, with racing cars and the Detroit skyline added.
The painting was featured, among others, in a scene from "".
It also featured in an episode of Family Guy, when Stewie visits an art museum; both times a parody of the famous "Ferris Bueller" sequence.
Article: Football
Section: Irish and Australian varieties

Question: What is Auskick?

 Australian rules football — officially known as "Australian football", and informally as "football", "footy" or "Aussie rules".
In some areas it is referred to as "AFL", the name of the main organising body and competition
* Auskick — a version of Australian rules designed by the AFL for young children
* Metro footy (or Metro rules footy) — a modified version invented by the USAFL, for use on gridiron fields in North American cities (which often lack grounds large enough for conventional Australian rules matches)
* Kick-to-kick – informal versions of the game
* 9-a-side footy — a more open, running variety of Australian rules, requiring 18 players in total and a proportionally smaller playing area (includes contact and non-contact varieties)
* Rec footy — "Recreational Football", a modified non-contact variation of Australian rules, created by the AFL, which replaces tackles with tags
* Touch Aussie Rules — a non-contact variation of Australian Rules played only in the United Kingdom
* Samoa rules — localised version adapted to Samoan conditions, such as the use of rugby football fields
* Masters Australian football (a.k.a.
"Superules") — reduced contact version introduced for competitions limited to players over 30 years of age
* Women's Australian rules football — women's competition played with a smaller ball and (sometimes) reduced contact
 Gaelic football — Played predominantly in Ireland.
Commonly referred to as "football" or "Gaelic"
*Ladies Gaelic football
 International rules football — a compromise code used for games between Gaelic and Australian Rules players
Article: How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)
Section: Development and production

Question: who was the actor that played the role of Julian?

In January 2012, ABC placed a pilot order for "How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)".
Claudia Lonow wrote the pilot episode, and serves as showrunner and head writer.
Lonow also executive produces the series alongside Brian Grazer and Francie Calfo, under their production company Imagine Entertainment.
Casting announcements began in February 2012, with Sarah Chalke first cast in the lead role of Polly, the recently divorced mother who moves back in with her parents.
Jon Dore then joined the series in the role of Julian, Polly's ex-husband.
Following Dore, Elizabeth Perkins signed on to play the role of Elaine, Polly's optimistic and outspoken mother.
Next to board the series was Rachel Eggleston as Natalie, Polly and Julian's six-year-old daughter.
Brad Garrett then joined the series as Max, Polly's stepfather, who owns a successful chain of nightclubs.
Rebecca Delgado Smith boarded the series in the role of Jenn, Polly's co-worker who occasionally helps Polly with her dating problems.
Orlando Jones completed the main cast in the series when he signed on to play the role of Gregg, Polly's married best friend and co-worker.
On May 11, 2012, ABC placed a series order for the comedy.
Shortly after the series order was placed, Rebecca Delgado Smith and Orlando Jones were dropped from the cast.
Smith's role was subsequently recast with Stephanie Hunt.
The series went into production early and the first season was completed by November 2012.
Article: Photoelectric effect
Section: Emission mechanism

Question: What does the energy of the emitted electrons depend on?

The photons of a light beam have a characteristic energy proportional to the frequency of the light.
In the photoemission process, if an electron within some material absorbs the energy of one photon and acquires more energy than the work function (the electron binding energy) of the material, it is ejected.
If the photon energy is too low, the electron is unable to escape the material.
Since an increase in the intensity of low-frequency light will only increase the number of low-energy photons sent over a given interval of time, this change in intensity will not create any single photon with enough energy to dislodge an electron.
Thus, the energy of the emitted electrons does not depend on the intensity of the incoming light, but only on the energy (equivalently frequency) of the individual photons.
It is an interaction between the incident photon and the outermost electrons.
Electrons can absorb energy from photons when irradiated, but they usually follow an "all or nothing" principle.
All of the energy from one photon must be absorbed and used to liberate one electron from atomic binding, or else the energy is re-emitted.
If the photon energy is absorbed, some of the energy liberates the electron from the atom, and the rest contributes to the electron's kinetic energy as a free particle.
Article: Battle of Britain
Section: The Dowding System

Question: Who forwarded information of interest to Group Headquarters?

RAF strategy.
The Dowding System.
During early tests of the Chain Home system, the slow flow of information from the CH radars and observers to the aircraft often caused them to miss their "bandits".
The solution, today known as the "Dowding system", was to create a set of reporting chains to move information from the various observation points to the pilots in their fighters.
It was named after its chief architect, "Stuffy" Dowding.
Reports from CH radars and the Royal Observer Corps were sent directly to Fighter Command Headquarters (FCHQ) where they were "filtered" to combine multiple reports of the same formations into single tracks.
Telephone operators would then forward only the information of interest to the Group headquarters, where the map would be re-created.
This process was repeated to produce another version of the map at the Sector level, covering a much smaller area.
Looking over their maps, Group level commanders could select squadrons to attack particular targets.
From that point the Sector operators would give commands to the fighters to arrange an interception, as well as return them to base.
Sector stations also controlled the anti-aircraft batteries in their area; an army officer sat beside each fighter controller and directed the gun crews when to open and cease fire.
The Dowding system dramatically improved the speed and accuracy of the information that flowed to the pilots.
During the early war period it was expected that an average interception mission might have a 30% chance of ever seeing their target.
During the Battle, the Dowding system maintained an average rate over 75%, with several examples of 100% rates - every fighter dispatched found and intercepted its target.
Luftwaffe fighters randomly found targets and often returned home having never seen an enemy aircraft.
The result is what is now known as an example of "force multiplication"; RAF fighters were as effective as two or more Luftwaffe fighters, greatly offsetting, or overturning, the disparity in actual numbers.
Article: Table tennis
Section: Flick

Question: When is a shot called a flick?

When a player tries to attack a ball that has not bounced beyond the edge of the table, the player does not have the room to wind up in a "backswing".
The ball "may still be attacked", however, and the resulting shot is called a flick because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action.
A flick is not a single stroke and can resemble either a drive or a loop in its characteristics.
What identifies the stroke is the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick.
Article: Battle of Moscow
Section: Abstract

Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

The Battle of Moscow is the name given by Soviet historians to two periods of strategically significant fighting on a sector of the Eastern Front during World War II.
It took place between October 1941 and January 1942.
The Soviet defensive effort frustrated Hitler's attack on Moscow, capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the largest Soviet city.
Moscow was one of the primary military and political objectives for Axis forces in their invasion of the Soviet Union.
The German strategic offensive named Operation Typhoon was planned to conduct two pincer offensives, one to the north of Moscow against the Kalinin Front by the 3rd and 4th Panzer Armies, simultaneously severing the Moscow–Leningrad railway, and another to the south of Moscow Oblast against the Western Front, south of Tula by the 2nd Panzer Army, while the 4th Army advanced directly towards Moscow from the west.
A separate operational German plan, codenamed "Operation Wotan", was included in the final phase of the German offensive.
Initially, the Soviet forces conducted a strategic defence of the Moscow Oblast by constructing three defensive belts, and deploying newly raised reserve armies as well as bringing troops from the Siberian and Far Eastern Military Districts.
Subsequently, as the German offensives were halted, a Soviet strategic counter-offensive and smaller-scale offensive operations were executed to force German armies back to the positions around the cities of Oryol, Vyazma and Vitebsk, nearly surrounding three German armies in the process.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Live performances

Question: When did Swift first perform the song live?

 Swift performed the song live for the first time at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards on September 6, 2012, which was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.
Swift was the last performance of the night and, wearing a red and white striped shirt and black shorts, began her performance in an area resembling a recording studio before taking the stage along with her back-up singers, dancers and band (in animal costumes) took the stage.
 Swift also performed the song live at the iHeartRadio Music Festival.
 She performed the song on the British version of "The X Factor" on October 14, 2012.
 Swift performed the song on the German TV show "Schlag Den Raab".
 On January 25, 2013, Swift performed "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" at the Los Premios 40 Principales in Spain.
 The next day, she performed it in Cannes, France during the NRJ Music Awards.
 On February 10, 2013, Swift performed the song at the 2013 Grammy Awards, opening the ceremony.
 She performs the song on her Red Tour nightly as the finale.
Article: Central Park
Section: Fauna

Question: When was nannarupp Hoffmann centipedes discovered at central park

 Birds:
The first official list of birds observed in Central Park was drawn up by Augustus G. Paine, Jr.. Paine was an avid hobby ornithologist and, together with his friend Lewis B. Woodruff, drew up a list of birds counting 235 species.
This was regarded as the first official list and was published in "Forest and Stream" on June 10, 1886.
An article in "The New Yorker" on August 26, 1974 calls attention to this early list.
Over the decades the list has been updated and changed.
The park is frequented by various migratory species of birds during their Spring and Fall migration on the Atlantic Flyway.
Over a quarter of all the bird species found in the United States have been seen in Central Park.
One of these species is the Red-tailed hawk, which re-established a presence in the park when a male hawk known as Pale Male for his light coloration, nested on a building on Fifth Avenue, across the street from the park.
He became a local media celebrity and a prolific breeder.
Central Park was the site of the misguided unleashing of European starlings in North America, a native of Eurasia which has become an invasive species.
In April, 1890, eighty birds were released by Eugene Schieffelin, and the following March another eighty; these one hundred and sixty birds are the progenitors of the flocks which now span the United States and parts of Canada.
 Mammals
* Raccoon ("Procyon lotor"): nocturnal tree dwellers that come down to ground level to feed at night, have become extremely common in Central Park in recent years, prompting the Parks Department to post rabies warnings around certain areas.
* Eastern gray squirrel, or grey squirrel ("Sciurus carolinensis"), is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus native to the eastern and midwestern United States.
* Eastern Chipmunk ("Tamias striatus"): although not commonly sighted, there are chipmunks in Central Park.
* Virginia Opossum ("Didelphis virginiana"): a nocturnal marsupial that rests in trees during the day and searches for food on the ground at night.
 Arthropods: In 2002 a new genus and species of centipede ("Nannarrup hoffmani") was discovered in Central Park.
At about long, it is one of the smallest centipedes in the world.
Article: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)
Section: Cardio dance DVDs

Question: Where is jive, quickstep and swing featured?

Cardio dance DVDs.
A DVD titled "Dancing With The Stars: Cardio Dance" was released on April 3, 2007 featuring Kym Johnson, Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Ashly DelGrosso.
The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from Cha-cha, paso doble, samba, and jive dance routines.
A second DVD "Dancing with the Stars: Latin Cardio Dance" was released on September 13, 2008 featuring Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Cheryl Burke.
The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from Cha-cha, Merengue, Samba and Mambo dance routines.
A third and fourth DVD was released featuring Kym Johnson, Dmitry Chaplin, and Lacey Schwimmer.
One DVD is called "Dance off the Pounds" and features three dances: the jive, the quickstep, and swing.
The other is "Dance Body Tone" and features a Latin dance mix, the tango, and freestyle dance mix.
Julianne Hough, two time "DWTS" winner, has also released her own workout DVD called "Dance with Julianne: Cardio Ballroom".
It includes the Paso Doble, the Cha-Cha, and the Jive.
It was released on December 15, 2009.
Julianne Hough, released her second workout DVD called "Dance With Julianne: Just Dance".
It includes Jazz, Hip Hop, Box Step, Three Step and Dance Classics.
It was released on November 9, 2010.
Article: Australia
Section: States and territories

Question: What kind of government is in Australia?

Australia has six states—New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South Australia (SA), Tasmania (TAS), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA)—and two major mainland territories—the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory (NT).
In most respects these two territories function as states, but the Commonwealth Parliament can override any legislation of their parliaments.
By contrast, federal legislation overrides state legislation only in areas that are set out in Section 51 of the Australian Constitution; state parliaments retain all residual legislative powers, including those over schools, state police, the state judiciary, roads, public transport and local government, since these do not fall under the provisions listed in Section 51.
Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament—unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland—and bicameral in the other states.
The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution.
The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council.
The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister.
The Queen is represented in each state by a Governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator.
In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.
The federal parliament directly administers the following territories:
 Ashmore and Cartier Islands
 Australian Antarctic Territory
 Christmas Island
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 Coral Sea Islands
 Heard Island and McDonald Islands
 Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales
Norfolk Island is also technically an external territory; however, under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 it has been granted more autonomy and is governed locally by its own legislative assembly.
The Queen is represented by an Administrator.