community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Apollo 11
Section: 40th anniversary events

Question: WHat year did life.com start the photo gallery?

On July 15, 2009, Life.com released a photo gallery of previously unpublished photos of the astronauts taken by "Life" photographer Ralph Morse prior to the Apollo 11 launch.
From July 16–24, 2009, NASA streamed the original mission audio on its website in real time 40 years to the minute after the events occurred.
In addition, it is in the process of restoring the video footage and has released a preview of key moments.
On July 20, 2009, the crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins met with U.S. President Barack Obama at the White House.
"We expect that there is, as we speak, another generation of kids out there who are looking up at the sky and are going to be the next Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin," Obama said.
"We want to make sure that NASA is going to be there for them when they want to take their journey.
"The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum set up a Flash website that rebroadcasts the transmissions of Apollo 11 from launch to landing on the Moon.
A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing:It was carried out in a technically brilliant way with risks taken ... that would be inconceivable in the risk-averse world of today ...
The Apollo programme is arguably the greatest technical achievement of mankind to date ... nothing since Apollo has come close the excitement that was generated by those astronauts - Armstrong, Aldrin and the 10 others who followed them.
On August 7, 2009, an act of Congress awarded the three astronauts a Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.
The bill was sponsored by Florida Sen. Bill Nelson and Florida Rep. Alan Grayson.
In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronised and released for the first time.
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Final years

Question: Who visited him on December 5, 1988?

In 1980 at age 76, Dalí's health took a catastrophic turn.
His right hand trembled terribly, with Parkinson-like symptoms.
His near-senile wife, Gala Dalí, allegedly had been dosing him with a dangerous cocktail of unprescribed medicine that damaged his nervous system, thus causing an untimely end to his artistic capacity.
In 1982, King Juan Carlos bestowed on Dalí the title of "Marqués de Dalí de Púbol" ("Marquis of Dalí de Púbol") in the nobility of Spain, hereby referring to Púbol, the place where he lived.
The title was in first instance hereditary, but on request of Dalí changed to life only in 1983.
To show his gratitude for this, Dalí later gave the king a drawing ("Head of Europa", which would turn out to be Dalí's final drawing) after the king visited him on his deathbed.
Gala died on June 10, 1982, at the age of 87.
After Gala's death, Dalí lost much of his will to live.
He deliberately dehydrated himself, possibly as a suicide attempt, with claims stating he had tried to put himself into a state of suspended animation as he had read that some microorganisms could do.
He moved from Figueres to the castle in Púbol, which he had bought for Gala and had been the site of her death.
In 1984, a fire broke out in his bedroom under unclear circumstances.
It was possibly a suicide attempt by Dalí, or possibly simple negligence by his staff.
Dalí was rescued by friend and collaborator Robert Descharnes and returned to Figueres, where a group of his friends, patrons, and fellow artists saw to it that he was comfortable living in his Theater-Museum in his final years.
There have been allegations that Dalí was forced by his guardians to sign blank canvases that would later, even after his death, be used in forgeries and sold as originals.
As a result, art dealers tend to be wary of late works attributed to Dalí.
In November 1988, Dalí entered the hospital with heart failure; a pacemaker had already been implanted previously.
On December 5, 1988, he was visited by King Juan Carlos, who confessed that he had always been a serious devotee of Dalí.
On January 23, 1989, while his favorite record of "Tristan and Isolde" played, he died of heart failure at Figueres at the age of 84.
He is buried in the crypt of his Teatro Museo in Figueres.
The location is across the street from the church of "Sant Pere", where he had his baptism, first communion, and funeral, and is only three blocks from the house where he was born.
The Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation currently serves as his official estate.
The US copyright representative for the Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation is the Artists Rights Society.
In 2002, the Society made the news when they asked Google to remove a customized version of its logo put up to commemorate Dalí, alleging that portions of specific artworks under their protection had been used without permission.
Google complied with the request, but denied that there was any copyright violation.
Article: NASA
Section: Project Mercury (1959–63)

Question: Who was the first American astronaut in space?

Project Mercury (1959–63).
Shortly after the Space Race began, an early objective was to get a person into Earth orbit as soon as possible, therefore the simplest spacecraft that could be launched by existing rockets was favored.
U.S. Air Force's Man in Space Soonest program looked at many manned spacecraft designs, ranging from rocket planes like the X-15, to small ballistic space capsules.
By 1958, the space plane concepts were eliminated in favor of the ballistic capsule.
When NASA was created that same year, the Air Force program was transferred to it and renamed "Project Mercury".
The first seven astronauts were selected among candidates from the Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilot programs.
On May 5, 1961, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard "Freedom 7", launched by a Redstone booster on a 15-minute ballistic (suborbital) flight.
John Glenn became the first American to be launched into orbit by an Atlas launch vehicle on February 20, 1962 aboard "Friendship 7".
Glenn completed three orbits, after which three more orbital flights were made, culminating in L. Gordon Cooper's 22-orbit flight "Faith 7", May 15–16, 1963.
The Soviet Union (USSR) competed with its own single-pilot spacecraft, Vostok.
They beat the U.S. for the first man in space, by launching cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into a single Earth orbit aboard Vostok 1 in April 1961, one month before Shepard's flight.
In August 1962, they achieved an almost four-day record flight with Andriyan Nikolayev aboard Vostok 3, and also conducted a concurrent Vostok 4 mission carrying Pavel Popovich.
Article: Grand Central Terminal
Section: Abstract

Question: Where is the Grand Central Terminal located?

Grand Central Terminal (GCT) is a commuter (and former intercity) railroad terminal at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States.
Built by and named for the New York Central Railroad in the heyday of American long-distance passenger rail travel, it is the largest such facility in the world by number of platforms with 44 serving 67 tracks along them.
They are on two levels, both below ground, with 41 tracks on the upper level and 26 on the lower, though the total number of tracks along platforms and in rail yards exceeds 100.
The terminal covers an area of .
The terminal serves commuters traveling on the Metro-North Railroad to Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess counties in New York State, and Fairfield and New Haven counties in Connecticut.
Until 1991 the terminal served Amtrak, which moved to nearby Pennsylvania Station upon completion of the Empire Connection.
Although the terminal has been properly called “Grand Central Terminal” since 1913, many people continue to refer to it wrongly as “Grand Central Station,” the name of the previous rail station on the same site, and of the U.S. Post Office station next door, which is not part of the terminal.
It is also sometimes used to refer to the Grand Central – 42nd Street subway station, which serves the terminal.
It has been described as "the world's loveliest station".
According to the travel magazine "Travel + Leisure" in its October 2011 survey, Grand Central Terminal is "the world's number six most visited tourist attraction", bringing in approximately 21,600,000 visitors annually.
The enduring appeal of the station is thought to be related to its monumental spaces and meticulously crafted detail.
Article: The Good Wife
Section: Technology and the Internet

Question: Was THe Good Wife the first show to have Bitcon in it?

"The Good Wife" has been well received among technology enthusiasts, being described by Clive Thompson of Wired as "the most tech-savvy show on TV".
The show has explored the relationship between technology and the law, covering topics including Bitcoin, Anonymous, viral marketing in political campaigns, voice control software, virtual conferencing robots, and NSA surveillance.
For example, one of the firm's recurring clients is a fictional internet search company known as Chumhum, which among other issues has faced privacy lawsuits for selling users' personal data to the Chinese and Syrian government.
"The Good Wife" was the first TV show to feature Bitcoin, the virtual internet currency, with an episode featuring Bitcoin first broadcast in January 2012.
This led to it achieving a high level of fame amongst the Bitcoin community.
In the season 5 premiere, a Double Robotics robot was featured on the show which allowed a litigator to teleconference from home by controlling a tablet on wheels.
However, rather than glorifying the robot's features, "The Good Wife" turned it into a punchline with practical jokes and problems the robot could have such as it not being able to maneuver around an office and bumping into walls, doors and people and low Wi-Fi connectivity leading to buffering and loss of visual and voice communication of the person working at home.
In Episode 9 "Whack-a-Mole" "The Good Wife" featured a version of Reddit called "Scabbit" and how it affects the law and the downsides of having an "average joe" being an investigator trying to find a domestic terrorist.
It also deals with injunctions of taking down a defamatory web page on "Scabbit" but having another similar web page pop up soon after.
In Episode 11 "Goliath and David" the story is based around a TV Show 'Drama Camp' who stole an Indie band's cover of a rap song and deals with the legality of copyright infringement.
It was inspired by Jonathan Coulton who created a cover of 'Baby Got Back' and Glee, the TV series, which used an identical cover on the show.
The character 'Robyn Burdine' who's a private investigator for Florrick/Agos discovers that the show Drama Camp had to release the song on iTunes in Sweden before releasing it in the USA and that the engineers directly ripped the Indie band's track constituting actual theft.
Article: Ketchup
Section: Viscosity

Question: Why does tapping the 57 on heinz ketchup work to get it out of the bottle?

Tomato ketchup has an additive, usually xanthan gum, which gives the condiment a pseudoplastic or "shear thinning" property.
This increases the viscosity of the ketchup considerably with a relatively small amount added - usually 0.5%.
- which can make it difficult to pour from a container.
However, the shear thinning property of the gum ensures that when a force is applied to the ketchup it will lower the viscosity enabling the sauce to flow.
A common method to getting ketchup out of the bottle involves inverting the bottle and shaking it or hitting the bottom with the heel of the hand, which causes the ketchup to flow rapidly.
A technique involves inverting the bottle and forcefully tapping its upper neck with two fingers (index and middle finger together).
Specifically, with a Heinz ketchup bottle, one taps the 57 circle on the neck.
This helps the ketchup flow by applying the correct shearing force.
These techniques work because of how pseudoplastic fluids behave: their viscosity (resistance to flow) decreases with increasing shear rate.
The faster the ketchup is sheared (by shaking or tapping the bottle), the more fluid it becomes.
After the shear is removed the ketchup thickens to its original viscosity.
Article: Tokyo Disneyland
Section: Ticket price

Question: What part of the day are tickets to Tokyo Disneyland available at a discounted price?

The ticket prices vary from one package to another and these can be found at the company's website.
Standard one and two day tickets do not allow park hopping to Tokyo DisneySea, must be used on consecutive days and are date specific.
Instead users must state upon purchase the dates they wish to visit each park.
Three and Four day tickets allow park hopping on the third and fourth days, but again must be used consecutively.
Annual passes are available for either a single or both parks, though require a considerable number of visits to achieve a saving over regular day tickets.
A night pass is also available for a discounted price during the night hours only.
Article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Section: Atzerodt fails to attack Andrew Johnson

Question: What hotel did Atzerodt go to?

Booth had assigned George Atzerodt to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson, who was staying at the Kirkwood House in Washington.
Atzerodt was to go to the Vice President's room at 10:15 p.m. and shoot him.
On April 14, Atzerodt rented room 126 at the Kirkwood, directly above the room where Johnson was staying.
He arrived at the Kirkwood at the appointed time and went to the bar downstairs, carrying on his person a gun and a knife.
Atzerodt asked the bartender, Michael Henry, about the Vice President's character and behavior.
After spending some time at the hotel saloon, Atzerodt got drunk and wandered away through the streets of Washington.
Nervous, he tossed his knife away in the street.
He made his way to the Pennsylvania House Hotel by 2 a.m., where he checked into a room and went to sleep.
Earlier that day, Booth stopped by the Kirkwood House and left a note for Johnson that read, "I don't wish to disturb you.
Are you at home?
J. Wilkes Booth."
The card was picked up that night by Johnson's personal secretary, William Browning.
This message has been interpreted in many different ways throughout the years.
One theory is that Booth, being afraid that Atzerodt would not succeed in killing Johnson, or worried that Atzerodt would not have the courage to carry out the assassination, tried to use the message to implicate Johnson in the conspiracy.
Another theory is that Booth was actually trying to contact Browning in order to find out whether or not Johnson was expected to be at the Kirkwood that night.
Article: Shrek
Section: Abstract

Question: Which companies produced the movie Shrek?

Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy-comedy film produced by PDI/DreamWorks, released by DreamWorks Pictures, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, featuring the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow.
It is loosely based on William Steig's 1990 fairy tale picture book "Shrek!
", and somewhat serves as a parody film, targeting other films adapted from numerous children's fantasies (mainly animated Disney films).
The film made notable use of popular music; the soundtrack includes music by Smash Mouth, Eels, Joan Jett, The Proclaimers, Jason Wade, Baha Men, and John Cale (covering Leonard Cohen).
The rights to the books were originally bought by Steven Spielberg in 1991, before the founding of DreamWorks, when he thought about making a traditionally animated film based on the book.
However, John H. Williams convinced him to bring the film to DreamWorks in 1994, the time the studio was founded, and the film was put quickly into active development by Jeffrey Katzenberg after the rights were bought by the studio in 1995.
"Shrek" originally cast Chris Farley to do the voice for the title character, recording about 80%–90% of his dialog.
After Farley died in 1997 before he could finish, Mike Myers was brought in to work for the character, who after his first recording decided to record his voice in a Scottish accent.
The film was also originally planned to be motion-captured, but after poor results, the studio decided to get PDI to help "Shrek" get its final computer-animated look.
Earning $484.4 million at the worldwide box office, the film was a critical and commercial success.
"Shrek" also received promotion from food chains such as Baskin-Robbins (promoting the film's DVD release) and Burger King.
It was acclaimed as an animated film worthy of adult interest, with many adult-oriented jokes and themes but a simple enough plot and humour to appeal to children.
"Shrek" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
The film was also nominated for six British Academy of Film and Television Arts awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Eddie Murphy for his voice-over performance as Donkey, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
The film's main (and title) character was awarded his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2010.
"Shrek" established DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in the field of feature film animation, particularly in computer animation.
The film's success prompted DreamWorks to create three sequels, "Shrek 2", "Shrek the Third", and "Shrek Forever After", two holiday specials, "Shrek the Halls" and "Scared Shrekless", and a spin-off film, "Puss in Boots".
A fifth film, planned as the last of the series, was cancelled in 2009 with the announcement that the fourth film would conclude the series.
The film's success also inspired other merchandise, such as video games, a stage musical and even a comic book by Dark Horse Comics.
Article: Glad You Came
Section: Music video

Question: How many views did the music video "Glad You Came" receive to become their most watched on YouTube?

The music video was created by Director X and was filmed in Ibiza, Spain.
It sees the band on the beach, in a club and at a houseparty each with an individual woman.
It was uploaded to YouTube on 10 June 2011.
Jay McGuiness revealed to MTV UK: "The theory of the video was take The Wanted to Ibiza and just film everything and then just cut bits that were useable.
But the girls were models, they weren't just girls we picked."
However Max George admitted: "Actually no, the girl I had to spend time with was just literally picked up off the street after a night out."
The video has achieved over 74 million views on YouTube, becoming their most watched video on the site.
It also starred a cameo from footballer John-Joe O'Toole.
Article: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Section: Events on the ground_1

Question: Give the percentage of the Mitsubishi Arms Plant that was damage.

Events on the ground.
Although the bomb was more powerful than the one used on Hiroshima, the effect was confined by hillsides to the narrow Urakami Valley.
Of 7,500 Japanese employees who worked inside the Mitsubishi Munitions plant, including mobilized students and regular workers, 6,200 were killed.
Some 17,000–22,000 others who worked in other war plants and factories in the city died as well.
Casualty estimates for immediate deaths range from 40,000 to 75,000.
Total deaths by the end of 1945 may have reached 80,000.
Unlike Hiroshima's military death toll, only 150 soldiers were killed instantly, including thirty-six from the IJA 134th AAA Regiment of the 4th AAA Division.
At least eight known POWs died from the bombing and as many as 13 may have died, including a British citizen, Royal Air Force Corporal Ronald Shaw, and seven Dutch POWs.
One American POW, Joe Kieyoomia, was in Nagasaki at the time of the bombing but survived, reportedly having been shielded from the effects of the bomb by the concrete walls of his cell.
There were 24 Australian POWs in Nagasaki, all of whom survived.
The radius of total destruction was about , followed by fires across the northern portion of the city to south of the bomb.
About 58% of the Mitsubishi Arms Plant was damaged, and about 78% of the Mitsubishi Steel Works.
The Mitsubishi Electric Works only suffered 10% structural damage as it was on the border of the main destruction zone.
The Mitsubishi-Urakami Ordnance Works, the factory that manufactured the type 91 torpedoes released in the attack on Pearl Harbor, was destroyed in the blast.
Article: Cloning
Section: Cloning unicellular organisms

Question: What type of organisms are simple to clone?

Cell cloning.
Cloning unicellular organisms.
Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells from a single cell.
In the case of unicellular organisms such as bacteria and yeast, this process is remarkably simple and essentially only requires the inoculation of the appropriate medium.
However, in the case of cell cultures from multi-cellular organisms, cell cloning is an arduous task as these cells will not readily grow in standard media.
A useful tissue culture technique used to clone distinct lineages of cell lines involves the use of cloning rings (cylinders).
According to this technique, a single-cell suspension of cells that have been exposed to a mutagenic agent or drug used to drive selection is plated at high dilution to create isolated colonies; each arising from a single and potentially clonal distinct cell.
At an early growth stage when colonies consist of only a few of cells, sterile polystyrene rings (cloning rings), which have been dipped in grease are placed over an individual colony and a small amount of trypsin is added.
Cloned cells are collected from inside the ring and transferred to a new vessel for further growth.
Article: Toy Story
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the synopsis of Toy Story?

Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated buddy-comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and directed by John Lasseter, released by Walt Disney Pictures, "Toy Story" was the first feature-length computer-animated film and the first film produced by Pixar.
"Toy Story" follows a group of anthropomorphic toys who pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present, and focuses on the relationship between Woody, a pullstring cowboy doll (Tom Hanks), and Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure (Tim Allen).
The film was written by John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, Alec Sokolow, and Joss Whedon, and featured music by Randy Newman.
Its executive producers were Steve Jobs and Edwin Catmull.
Pixar, which produced short animated films to promote their computers, was approached by Disney to produce a computer-animated feature after the success of the short "Tin Toy" (1988), which is told from a small toy's perspective.
Lasseter, Stanton, and Pete Docter wrote early story treatments which were thrown out by Disney, who pushed for a more edgy film.
After disastrous story reels, production was halted and the script was re-written, better reflecting the tone and theme Pixar desired: that "toys deeply want children to play with them, and that this desire drives their hopes, fears, and actions."
The studio, then consisting of a relatively small number of employees, produced the film under minor financial constraints.
The top-grossing film on its opening weekend, "Toy Story" went on to earn over $361 million worldwide.
Reviews were entirely positive, praising both the animation's technical innovation and the screenplay's wit and sophistication, and it is now widely considered by many critics to be one of the best animated films ever made.
In addition to home media releases and theatrical re-releases, "Toy Story"-inspired material has run the gamut from toys, video games, theme park attractions, spin-offs, merchandise, and two sequels—"Toy Story 2" (1999) and "Toy Story 3" (2010)—both of which received massive commercial success and critical acclaim.
"Toy Story" was inducted into the National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" in 2005, its first year of eligibility.