community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Universal Studios Hollywood
Section: Attraction history

Question: What date did Transformers: The Ride open?

In 1965, The War Lord Tower opened as one of the first attractions in the theme park.
This was followed by the opening of the Animal Actors School Stage in 1970.
In 1974, the Rockslide staged event was added to the Studio Tour.
The following year The Land of a Thousand Faces opened on the Upper Lot.
In 1979, The Battle of Galactica replaced Rockslide as a staged event on the Studio Tour.
The Flintstones Show opened, replacing the Star Trek Adventure.
In 1996, opened.
In 1997, two shows were replaced: The Land Before Time show replaced Rocky and Bullwinkle Live; and Totally Nickelodeon replaced The Flintstones Show.
Just one year after it opened, The Land Before Time show was replaced with Coke Soak.
In 1999, T2 3-D: Battle Across Time and a Chicken Run Walkthrough opened on the upper lot.
Additionally, Beetlejuice's Rock and Roll Graveyard Revue was closed.
In 2000, the Rugrats Magic Adventure replaced Totally Nickelodeon.
In 2001, the Nickelodeon Blast Zone opened.
Also in 2001, Animal Planet Live replaced the Animal Actors School Stage.
In 2 replaced The Mummy Returns: Chamber of Doom.
The following year, Fear Factor Live replaced Spider-Man Rocks.
In 2007, Universal's House of Horrors opened, replacing Van Helsing: Fortress Dracula.
Both Lucy: A Tribute and Back to the Future: The Ride were closed, prior to being replaced in 2008 by The Simpsons Ride and The Universal Story Museum respectively.
Also in 2008, the Nickelodeon Blast Zone was rebranded to The Adventures of Curious George.
In 2009, Creature from the Black Lagoon: The Musical replaced Fear Factor Live in the Upper Lot.
In 2010, the Special Effects Stages and Backdraft attractions were closed to make way for Transformers: The Ride which was announced in 2008 (Special Effects Stages was moved to the former Creature From The Black Lagoon building and reopened as Special Effects Stage).
King Kong 360 3-D also opened.
On May 24, 2012, Transformers: The Ride opened on the Lower Lot.
On December 31, 2012, Universal Studios Hollywood closed for , the attraction at Universal Studios Florida, set to come in the April of 2014.
Universal Studios Hollywood has plans to open The Wizarding World of Harry Potter which will feature the Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey ride sometime in 2015-2016.
Article: The Shawshank Redemption
Section: Production

Question: What illness caused Greene's death in "The Shawshank Redemption"?

Darabont secured the film adaptation rights from author Stephen King after impressing the author with his short film adaptation of "The Woman in the Room" in 1983.
Although the two had become friends and maintained a pen-pal relationship, Darabont did not work with him until four years later in 1987, when he optioned to adapt "Shawshank".
This is one of the more famous Dollar Deals made by King with aspiring filmmakers.
Darabont later directed "The Green Mile" (1999), which was based on another work about a prison by Stephen King, and then followed that up with an adaptation of King's novella "The Mist".
Rob Reiner, who had previously adapted another King novella, "The Body", into the film "Stand by Me" (1986), offered $2.5 million in an attempt to write and direct "Shawshank".
He planned to cast Tom Cruise in the part of Andy and Harrison Ford as Red.
Darabont seriously considered and liked Reiner's vision, but he ultimately decided it was his "chance to do something really great" by directing the film himself.
Though the film is set in Maine, the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio, served as the fictional Shawshank Prison.
Though a large portion of the prison was torn down after filming, the main administration building and two cell blocks remained; the site would be revisited later for filming parts of the film "Air Force One".
Several of the interior shots of the specialized prison facilities, such as the admittance rooms and the warden's office, were shot in the reformatory.
The interior of the boarding room used by Brooks and Red was located in the administration building, though exterior shots were made elsewhere.
The prison site is a tourist attraction.
Internal scenes in the prison cellblocks were actually filmed on a soundstage built inside the nearby shuttered Westinghouse factory.
Downtown scenes were also filmed in Mansfield, as well as neighboring Ashland, Ohio.
The oak tree under which Andy buries his letter to Red is located at , near Malabar Farm State Park, in Lucas, Ohio.
The tree was heavily damaged by straight-line winds in a thunderstorm on July 29, 2011; officials are unsure if the tree will survive.
The film was dedicated to Allen Greene, an agent and a close personal friend of the film's director, Frank Darabont.
Greene died shortly before the film was released due to complications of HIV/AIDS.
Article: The Lion King
Section: Box office

Question: What is the highest-grossing motion picture worldwide of 1994?

Box office.
"The Lion King" earned $422,783,777 in North America and an $564,700,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $987,483,777.
It is the ninteenth highest-grossing film, the third-highest-grossing animated film of all time worldwide and the second highest-grossing film of Walt Disney Animation Studios (behind "Frozen)".
It is also the highest-grossing motion picture of 1994 worldwide.
After its initial run, having earned $768.6 million, it ranked as the second-highest grossing film of all time worldwide, behind "Jurassic Park" .
It held the record for the highest-grossing animated feature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by the computer animated "Finding Nemo" (2003), "Shrek 2" (2004), "" (2009), "Toy Story 3" (2010), and "Frozen" (2013).
During its 3D re-release, "The Lion King" surpassed all the afomentioned films but "Toy Story 3" to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide, and the highest-grossing hand-drawn animation.
It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance.
Article: Union Station (Washington, D.C.)
Section: 1953 overrun

Question: On what date did  the Pennsylvania Railroad's "Federal", the overnight train from Boston, crash into the station?

On the morning of January 15, 1953, the Pennsylvania Railroad's "Federal", the overnight train from Boston, crashed into the station.
When the engineer tried to apply the trainline brakes two miles out of the platforms, he discovered that he only had engine brakes.
He radioed a warning ahead, and the concourse was cleared as the train coasted downhill into track 16.
The GG1 locomotive, No.
4876, hit the bumper block at about , jumped onto the platform, destroyed the stationmaster’s office at the end of the track, took out a newsstand, and was on its way to crashing through the wall into the Great Hall.
Just then, the floor of the terminal, having never been designed to carry the weight of a locomotive, gave way, dropping the engine into the basement.
The electric locomotive fell into about the center of what is now the food court.
Remarkably, no one was killed, and passengers in the rear cars thought that they had only had a rough stop.
An investigation revealed that an anglecock on the brakeline had been closed, probably by an icicle knocked from an overhead bridge.
The accident inspired the finale of the 1976 film "Silver Streak".
The durable design of the GG1 made its damage repairable, and it was soon back in service after being hauled away in pieces to the PRR's main shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania.
Before the latter action was undertaken, however, the GG1 and the hole it made were temporarily planked over and hidden from view due to the imminent inauguration of General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the thirty-fourth President of the United States.
Article: Tunisia
Section: Language

Question: How much of the population of Tunisia were French-speakers in 2010?

Arabic is the official language, and Tunisian Arabic, known as Derja, is the local, vernacular variety of Arabic and is used by the public.
There is also a small minority of speakers of Shelha, a Berber language.
French also plays a major role in Tunisian society, despite having no official status.
It is widely used in education (e.g., as the language of instruction in the sciences in secondary school), the press, and in business.
In 2010, there were 6,639,000 French-speakers in Tunisia, or about 64% of the population.
Italian is understood and spoken by a small part of the Tunisian population.
Shop signs, menus and road signs in Tunisia are generally written in both Arabic and French.
There are also thousands of English or 20% of the population can speak or at least make a conversation with the language specifically those who are in 20s of their ages do speak the language fluently.
Article: SeaWorld
Section: Drive hunt captures

Question: Who is Seaworld's spokesperson?

In response to criticism leveled at SeaWorld and other marine parks by the award-winning documentary film "The Cove" which accuses them of obtaining dolphins obtained in drive hunts, SeaWorld spokesperson Fred Jacobs stated that, "We think we're being unfairly criticized for something we're opposed to."
He adds that, "SeaWorld opposes the dolphin hunts documented in "The Cove".
We do not purchase any animals from these hunts.
More than 80 percent of the marine mammals in our care were born in our parks.
We haven't collected a dolphin from the wild in decades."
Since 1993 there have been no permits issued to facilities in the United States to import dolphins acquired through drive hunt methods.
Marilee Menard, the executive director of the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums, has also stated that she believes that "The Cove" filmmakers are "misrepresenting that the majority of zoos and aquariums with dolphins around the world are taking these animals."
Article: Hersheypark
Section: The Hollow

Question: When did Hershey Park get water rides?

This section was named after the oldest operating coaster in the park, Comet, and lies along Spring Creek.
This is one of the oldest areas part of Hersheypark; many rides have come and gone in this area.
The park's first water ride, the Mill Chute installed in 1929, was alongside the creek where Great Bear runs today.
The original location for the bumper cars, then called the Auto Skooters, is now the SooperDooperLooper Sandwich Stop.
There were giant slides on the hill where the Hersheypark Amphitheater is located.
A turnpike ride was located underneath the high bridge that crossed Spring Creek to Minetown.
The park's carousel, before being moved to Carrousel Circle in 1972, was located along the creek adjacent to the station of Comet.
Before SooperDooperLooper came to Comet Hollow in 1977, a Himalaya ride was in that location, and before that, twin Eli Bridge Ferris wheels.
A whip, and a station for the Electric Railroad were also located in Comet Hollow at one time.
One of Hersheypark's most significant floods occurred in 1972 as a result of Hurricane Agnes.
A number of rides were heavily damaged or destroyed as a result.
These rides include the turnpike ride, the Mill Chute and the giant slides.
They were eventually replaced (the Coal Cracker (1973) and Twin Turnpike (1975) were put on higher ground in Minetown, and the Merry Derry Dip Fun Slide was put in Midway America twenty five years later in 1997).
Today, Comet Hollow features three roller coasters, Comet (Hersheypark), Skyrush, and the first looping roller coaster on the East Coast, SooperDooperLooper.
It also houses the Wave Swinger.
Almost all of Great Bear's track courses through Comet Hollow.
Beginning with the 2012 season and renovations being done to this area, the park changed the name of the once 'Comet Hollow' to the now present name of 'The Hollow'.
Article: Captain Phillips (film)
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the film Captain Phillips?

Captain Phillips (film)Captain Phillips is a 2013 American thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass and starring Tom Hanks and Barkhad Abdi.
The film is based on the true story of the 2009 "Maersk Alabama" hijacking, an incident during which merchant mariner Captain Richard Phillips was taken hostage by pirates in the Indian Ocean led by Abduwali Muse.
The screenplay was written by Billy Ray, and is based on the 2010 book "A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy SEALs, and Dangerous Days at Sea" by Richard Phillips with Stephan Talty.
Scott Rudin, Dana Brunetti and Michael De Luca served as producers on the project.
It premiered at the 2013 New York Film Festival, and was theatrically released on October 11, 2013.
The film emerged as a box office success with earnings of over $217 million against a budget of $55 million.
In 2014, "Captain Phillips" received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Abdi, but did not win in any of the categories.
Article: Marathon
Section: Marathon races

Question: Which marathon traces the route of the 1896 Olympic course?

 races.
Annually, more than 500 marathons are organized worldwide.
Some of these belong to the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) which has grown since its foundation in 1982 to embrace over 300 member events in 83 countries and territories.
The marathons of Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, New York City and Tokyo form the World Marathon Majors series, awarding $500,000 annually to the best overall male and female performers in the series.
In 2006, the editors of Runner's World selected a "World's Top 10 Marathons", in which the Amsterdam, Honolulu, Paris, Rotterdam, and Stockholm marathons were featured along with the five mentioned above.
Other notable large marathons include United States Marine Corps Marathon, Los Angeles, and Rome.
The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, inspired by the success of the 1896 Olympic marathon and held since 1897.
The oldest annual marathon in Europe is the Košice Peace Marathon, held since 1924 in Košice, Slovakia.
The historic Polytechnic Marathon was discontinued in 1996.
The Athens Classic Marathon traces the route of the 1896 Olympic course, starting in Marathon on the eastern coast of Attica, site of the Battle of Marathon of 490 B.C.E., and ending at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens.
The Midnight Sun Marathon is held in Tromsø, Norway at 70 degrees north.
Using unofficial and temporary courses, measured by GPS, races of marathon distance are now held at the North Pole, in Antarctica and over desert terrain.
Other unusual marathons include the Great Wall Marathon on The Great Wall of China, the Big Five Marathon among the safari wildlife of South Africa, the Great Tibetan Marathon – a marathon in an atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism at an altitude of , and the Polar Circle Marathon on the permanent ice cap of Greenland.
The Intercontinental Istanbul Eurasia Marathon is the only marathon where participants run over two continents (Europe and Asia) during the course of a single event.
In the Detroit Free Press Marathon, participants cross the US/Canadian border twice.
The Niagara Falls International Marathon includes one international border crossing, via the Peace Bridge from Buffalo, New York, United States to Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada.
Article: Taekwondo
Section: Safety

Question: What is the percentage of injured competitors?

Although taekwondo competitors have an apparently substantial risk of injury, most injuries are minor.
A 2009 meta-analysis reported that an average of about 8% of competitors are injured per exposure to competition.
Age, gender, and level of play did not significantly affect the injury rate.
The legs are the most common location for injuries, and bruising is the most common injury type.
Injuries may occur if students are taught to block punches in a formal manner (chamber position, perfect angles, etc.)
even when sparring.
When comparing the speed of a punch and the reaction time taken to block effectively, it is difficult to block a punch.
Many taekwondo schools teach students blocking for grading and classwork, and dodging or parrying for sparring.
Article: Apollo 11
Section: Moon race

Question: What countries participated in the space race and what was the result?

The Soviet Union was secretly attempting to compete with the US in landing a man on the Moon but had been hampered by repeated failures in development of a launcher comparable to the Saturn V. Meanwhile, they tried to beat the US to return lunar material to the Earth by means of unmanned probes.
On July 13, three days before Apollo 11's launch, they launched Luna 15, which reached lunar orbit before Apollo 11.
During descent, a malfunction caused Luna 15 to crash in Mare Crisium about two hours before Armstrong and Aldrin took off from the surface.
The Jodrell Bank Observatory radio telescope in England was later discovered to have recorded transmissions from Luna 15 during its descent, and this was published in July 2009 on the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11.
Article: Great Sphinx of Giza
Section: Modern dissenting hypotheses

Question: When did Pharoah Khufu rule in Egypt?

Rainer Stadelmann, former director of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo, examined the distinct iconography of the "nemes" (headdress) and the now-detached beard of the Sphinx and concluded that the style is more indicative of the Pharaoh Khufu (2589–2566 BC), builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza and Khafra's father.
He supports this by suggesting that Khafra's Causeway was built to conform to a pre-existing structure, which, he concludes, given its location, could only have been the Sphinx.
Colin Reader, an English geologist who independently conducted a more recent survey of the enclosure, agrees that the various quarries on the site have been excavated around the Causeway.
Because these quarries are known to have been used by Khufu, Reader concludes that the Causeway (and the temples on either end thereof) must predate Khufu, thereby casting doubt on the conventional Egyptian chronology.
In 2004, Vassil Dobrev of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale in Cairo announced that he had uncovered new evidence that the Great Sphinx may have been the work of the little-known Pharaoh Djedefre (2528–2520 BC), Khafra's half brother and a son of Khufu.
Dobrev suggests that Djedefre built the Sphinx in the image of his father Khufu, identifying him with the sun god Ra in order to restore respect for their dynasty.
Dobrev also notes, like Stadelmann and others, that the causeway connecting Khafre's pyramid to the temples was built around the Sphinx suggesting it was already in existence at the time.
Article: United Kingdom
Section: Healthcare

Question: What portion of GDP in the UK is expended on healthcare?

Healthcare in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments.
Public healthcare is provided to all UK permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation.
The World Health Organization, in 2000, ranked the provision of healthcare in the United Kingdom as fifteenth best in Europe and eighteenth in the world.
Regulatory bodies are organised on a UK-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges.
However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in England is the responsibility of the UK Government; healthcare in Northern Ireland is the responsibility of the Northern Ireland Executive; healthcare in Scotland is the responsibility of the Scottish Government; and healthcare in Wales is the responsibility of the Welsh Assembly Government.
Each National Health Service has different policies and priorities, resulting in contrasts.
Since 1979 expenditure on healthcare has been increased significantly to bring it closer to the European Union average.
The UK spends around 8.4 per cent of its gross domestic product on healthcare, which is 0.5 percentage points below the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average and about one percentage point below the average of the European Union.
Article: Sailing
Section: Knots and line handling

Question: Describe a reef knot.

The tying and untying of knots and hitches as well as the general handling of ropes and lines are fundamental to the art of sailing.
The RYA basic 'Start Yachting' syllabus lists the following knots and hitches:
figure-eight knot — stopper knot
round turn and two half hitches — secure the end of a rope to a fixed object
bowline — used to form a fixed loop at the end of a rope
It also lists securing a line around a cleat and the use of winches and jamming cleats.
The RYA Competent Crew syllabus adds the following to the list above, as well as knowledge of the correct use of each: 
clove hitch — securing lines running along a series of posts
rolling hitch — rigging a stopper to relax the tension on a sheet
reef knot — joining two ends of a single line to bind around an object
single and double sheet bend — joining two ropes of different diameters
In addition it requires competent crewmembers to understand 'taking a turn' around a cleat and to be able to make cleated lines secure.
Lines and halyards need to be coiled neatly for stowage and reuse.
Dock lines need to be thrown and handled safely and correctly when coming alongside, up to a buoy, and when anchoring, as well as when casting off and getting under way.
Article: Before Midnight (film)
Section: Production

Question: When was the official announcement made for Before Midnight?

Linklater, Hawke, and Delpy all had suggested the possibility of a sequel to "Before Sunset".
In a video interview in November 2011, Hawke said that he, Delpy and Linklater "have been talking a lot in the last six months.
All three of us have been having similar feelings, that we're kind of ready to revisit those characters.
There's nine years between the first two movies and, if we made the film next summer, it would be nine years again, so we started thinking that would be a good thing to do.
So we're going to try and write it this year.
"In June 2012, Hawke confirmed that the sequel to "Before Sunset" would be filmed in summer 2012.
Soon after, Delpy denied filming would take place in 2012, stating that they were still only writing the script and that filming would not take place until "sometime in the next year, year and a half."
However, in August 2012, numerous reports emerged from Messenia, Greece, that the film was in fact being shot there.
When asked about the reports, this time Hawke stated that he, Delpy and Linklater were in Greece only to write the film, telling MTV News that "we're here writing a third installment to "Before Sunrise".
If it works out, we'll film it, and if it doesn't, we won't.
It's not really worth talking about.
I'm just here developing."
However, Hawke and Delpy's denial was proven to be a ruse when the completion of filming of the new movie, titled "Before Midnight", was announced on September 5, 2012.
Linklater later revealed that after 10 weeks of writing and rehearsing, the film was made in 15 days for less than $3 million, and he aimed to take it to a film festival in early 2013.