community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Six Flags
Section: Growth and acquisitions

Question: In what year was the original park, Six Flags, sold?

The original park, in Arlington (between Dallas and Fort Worth) was sold in 1966 to a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which was actively pursuing non-railroad investments in an effort to diversify its sources of income.
(In 1968, the Pennsylvania Railroad merged with the New York Central Railroad to form Penn Central Corp.) With the new owners came a more abundant supply of capital for geographic expansion and park additions.
Six Flags opened Six Flags Over Georgia in 1967 and Six Flags Over Mid-America in 1971, which would, along with Six Flags Over Texas, be the only three parks that would be constructed by the company.
The company continued to grow by acquiring independent parks.
Six Flags purchased AstroWorld in Houston, Texas in 1975, Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey in 1977 and Magic Mountain in Valencia, California in 1979.
These purchases were followed by Penn Central selling assets to Bally Manufacturing in 1982.
In 1984, the Great America theme park in Gurnee, Illinois was acquired from the Marriott hotel chain.
Also in 1984, as a result of its acquisition of Great America, Six Flags acquired the rights to Time Warner/Warner Bros.' "Looney Tunes" animated characters for use in Six Flags properties.
Bally surrendered control of the chain to Wesray Capital Corporation in a 1987 leveraged buyout.
Time Warner quickly began to gain more leverage in the company, gaining a 19.5% stake in Six Flags in 1990 and then 50% in 1991, with the remaining shares of the company being split by Blackstone Group and Wertheim Schroder & Company.
Time Warner purchased the remaining stake in Six Flags in 1993, changing the company's name from "Six Flags Corp".
to "Six Flags Theme Parks, Inc".
In 1996, Six Flags began to manage Fiesta Texas theme park in San Antonio, Texas and purchased the park from USAA in 1998.
Article: Pablo Picasso
Section: Rose Period

Question: What year did the rose period end?

The Rose Period (1904–1906) is characterised by a more cheery style with orange and pink colours, and featuring many circus people, acrobats and harlequins known in France as saltimbanques.
The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso.
Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a bohemian artist who became his mistress, in Paris in 1904.
Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings, many of which are influenced by his warm relationship with her, in addition to his increased exposure to French painting.
The generally upbeat and optimistic mood of paintings in this period is reminiscent of the 1899–1901 period (i.e.
just prior to the Blue Period) and 1904 can be considered a transition year between the two periods.
By 1905, Picasso became a favourite of American art collectors Leo and Gertrude Stein.
Their older brother Michael Stein and his wife Sarah also became collectors of his work.
Picasso painted portraits of both Gertrude Stein and her nephew Allan Stein.
Gertrude Stein became Picasso's principal patron, acquiring his drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in her informal "Salon" at her home in Paris.
At one of her gatherings in 1905, he met Henri Matisse, who was to become a lifelong friend and rival.
The Steins introduced him to Claribel Cone and her sister Etta who were American art collectors; they also began to acquire Picasso and Matisse's paintings.
Eventually Leo Stein moved to Italy.
Michael and Sarah Stein became patrons of Matisse, while Gertrude Stein continued to collect Picasso.
In 1907 Picasso joined an art gallery that had recently been opened in Paris by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler.
Kahnweiler was a German art historian and art collector who became one of the premier French art dealers of the 20th century.
He was among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and the Cubism that they jointly developed.
Kahnweiler promoted burgeoning artists such as André Derain, Kees van Dongen, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Maurice de Vlaminck and several others who had come from all over the globe to live and work in Montparnasse at the time.
Article: Jackson Pollock
Section: At auction

Question: How much did Jackson Pollock's piece "Blue Poles: Number 11, 1952" sell for at auction in 1973?

Art market.
At auction.
In 1973, Blue Poles "(Blue Poles: Number 11, 1952)," was purchased by the Australian Whitlam Government for the National Gallery of Australia for US $2 million (A$1.3 million at the time of payment).
At the time, this was the highest price ever paid for a modern painting.
The painting is now one of the most popular exhibits in the gallery.
It was a centerpiece of the Museum of Modern Art's 1998 retrospective in New York, the first time the painting had been shown in America since its purchase.
In November 2006, Pollock's "No.
5, 1948" became the world's most expensive painting, when it was sold privately to an undisclosed buyer for the sum of $140,000,000.
Another artist record was established in 2004, when "No.
12" (1949), a medium-sized drip painting that had been shown in the United States Pavilion at the 1950 Venice Biennale, fetched $11.7 million at Christie's, New York.
In 2012, "Number 28, 1951," one of the artist’s combinations of drip and brushwork in shades of silvery gray with red, yellow and shots of blue and white, also sold at Christie's, New York, for $20.5 million—$23 million with fees—within its estimated range of $20 million to $30 million.
In 2013 Pollock's "Number 19" (1948) was sold by Christies for a reported $58,363,750 during an auction that ultimately reached $495 million total sales in one night which Christies reports as a record to date as the most expensive auction of contemporary art.
Article: Mona Lisa
Section: Title and subject

Question: Who was the Italian painting named for?

The title of the painting that is known in English as Mona Lisa stems from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote ""Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife"."
"Mona" in Italian is a polite form of address originating as "ma donna" —similar to "Ma’am", "Madam", or "my lady" in English.
This became "madonna", and its contraction "mona".
The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled "Mona" (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as "Monna Lisa", but this is rare in English.
Vasari's account of the "Mona Lisa" comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death, and which has long been the best known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter.
Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1525, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named "la Gioconda", a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo.
That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero.
The note is dated October 1503 and was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci.
This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo.
The sitter, Lisa del Giocondo,was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo.
The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea.
The Italian name for the painting, "La Gioconda", means "jocund" ("happy" or "jovial"), or literally "the jocund one", a pun on the feminine form of the sitter's married name "Giocondo".
In French, the title "La Joconde" has the same meaning.
Over the years there have been several alternative views among scholars as to the subject of the painting.
Some have argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the "Mona Lisa" referred to by Vasari.
Several other individuals have been proposed as the subject of the painting.
Isabella of Aragon, Cecilia Gallerani, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla, Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, —even Salaì and Leonardo himself— are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting.
Currently, the consensus of art historians is that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo, which has always been the traditional view.
Article: 2 Broke Girls
Section: Recurring cast

Question: What character did Nick Zano sleep with in an episode in Season 2?

 Brooke Lyons as Peach Landis (season 1-2), a high society mother who acts like the most clueless version of that.
She is the woman whose babies, Brad and Angelina (a reference to real-life actors Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie), Max babysits for.
She fired Max from that job to appease an awful friend of hers after a cupcake-catering mishap, and after she begged Max to return full-time, Max decided that she would only return in a part-time capacity.
Her last appearance was in the third episode of the show's second season and hasn't been seen or heard from since.
 Nick Zano as Johnny (seasons 1–2), Max's on-again-off-again love interest.
He told Max he broke up with Cashandra and was getting married to another women he just met a week ago in the season 1 finale.
He was not seen again until the episode "And the Big Opening" of season 2, in which he and Max had sex.
He and Max both agreed that they only wanted each other when they were taken by another person.
He left at the end of that episode promising her he would see her again someday.
 Ryan Hansen as Andy (season 2), a candy store owner whose business was across from the cupcake store, and Caroline's love interest in season 2.
 Federico Dordei as Luis (season 3), a flamboyant man who becomes the new day waiter in the third season episode "And the Group Head", who likes Oleg.
 Gilles Marini as Nicolas (season 3), a French "master baker" who owns and teaches at the Manhattan School of Pastry; he was Caroline's love interest, until she realized he is married in "And the French Kiss".
 Mary Lynn Rajskub as Bebe (season 3), a neurotic pastry chef who works at the front desk of the Manhattan School of Pastry.
 Eric André as Deacon "Deke" Bromberg (season 3), a sarcastic student at the Pastry School who quickly becomes Max's friend and later boyfriend.
He's the second person Max says "I love you" to (the first being Caroline).
It's later revealed he's rich, his parents owning a large elevator company.
 Patrick Cox as John (season 3), a large homosexual bald man who shares a table in the pastry school classroom with Max, who nicknames him "Big Mary".
Article: The Night Watch
Section: Acts of vandalism

Question: In what year was The Night Watch first cut by a vandal with a knife?

On January 13, 1911, a man slashed the painting with a shoemaker's knife.
The work was attacked with a bread knife by an unemployed school teacher on September 14, 1975, resulting in several large zig-zagged slashes.
It was successfully restored after four years, but some evidence of the damage is still visible up close.
The man was never charged and committed suicide in a mental institution in April 1976.
On April 6, 1990, a man sprayed acid onto the painting with a concealed pump bottle.
Security guards intervened and water was quickly sprayed onto the canvas.
The acid had only penetrated the varnish layer of the painting and it was fully restored.
Article: The Starry Night
Section: Abstract

Question: Starry Night is the picture of a town in which country?

Starry Night () is a painting by the Dutch post-impressionist artist Vincent van Gogh.
Painted in June 1889, it depicts the view outside of his sanitarium room window at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (located in southern France) at night, although it was painted from memory during the day.
It has been in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, part of the Lillie P. Bliss Bequest, since 1941.
The painting is among Van Gogh's most well-known works and marks a decisive turn towards greater imaginative freedom in his art.
Article: Gossip Girl
Section: Development

Question: When was Schwartz working on the polot

The "Gossip Girl" book series was originally supposed to be adapted into a film starring Lindsay Lohan with head "Gilmore Girls" creator Amy Sherman-Palladino.
When the film project did not get off the ground, Stephanie Savage and Josh Schwartz took over the project to create a television series.
As of October 2006, Schwartz was working on the pilot.
He said: "I was very skeptical.
I don't want to do "The O.C.
NYC".
But I thought the books were smart.
The characters are worldly in a way that Orange County kids aren't."
The characteristics for each character in the pilot were based on the first "Gossip Girl" book.
In January 2007, the show was given the green light by The CW.
Article: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Section: Timeline

Question: Who financed the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

 On January 5, 1172, Donna Berta di Bernardo, a widow and resident of the house of dell'Opera di Santa Maria, bequeathed sixty soldi to the "Opera Campanilis petrarum Sancte Marie".
The sum was then used toward the purchase of a few stones which still form the base of the bell tower.
 On August 9, 1173, the foundations of the Tower were laid.
 Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote: "Guglielmo, according to what is being said, in year 1174 with Bonanno as sculptor, laid the foundations of the bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa.
"
 Giorgio Vasari indicates that Tommaso di Andrea Pisano was the designer of the belfry between 1360 and 1370.
 On December 27, 1233, the worker Benenato, son of Gerardo Bottici, oversaw the continuation of the construction of the bell tower.
 On February 23, 1260, Guido Speziale, son of Giovanni, a worker on the cathedral Santa Maria Maggiore, was elected to oversee the building of the Tower.
 On April 12, 1264, the master builder Giovanni di Simone and 23 workers went to the mountains close to Pisa to cut marble.
The cut stones were given to Rainaldo Speziale, worker of St. Francesco.
Article: The Christmas Song
Section: Abstract

Question: In which year did the song The Christmas Song get recorded?

"The Christmas Song" (commonly subtitled "Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire" or, as it was originally subtitled, "Merry Christmas to You") is a classic Christmas song written in 1944 by Bob Wells and Mel Tormé.
According to Tormé, the song was written during a blistering hot summer.
In an effort to "stay cool by thinking cool", the most-performed (according to BMI) Christmas song was born.
"I saw a spiral pad on his (Wells') piano with four lines written in pencil", Tormé recalled.
"They started, 'Chestnuts roasting..., Jack Frost nipping..., Yuletide carols..., Folks dressed up like Eskimos.'
Bob didn't think he was writing a song lyric.
He said he thought if he could immerse himself in winter he could cool off.
Forty minutes later that song was written.
"I wrote all the music and some of the lyrics.
"The Nat King Cole Trio first recorded the song early in 1946.
At Cole's behestand over the objections of his label, Capitol Recordsa second recording was made the same year utilizing a small string section, this version becoming a massive hit on both the pop and R&B charts.
Cole again recorded the song in 1953, using the same arrangement with a full orchestra arranged and conducted by Nelson Riddle, and once more in 1961, in a stereophonic version with orchestra conducted by Ralph Carmichael.
Nat King Cole's 1961 version is generally regarded as definitive, and in 2004 was the most loved seasonal song with women aged 30–49, while Cole's original 1946 recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1974.
Article: Cheese
Section: Ancient Greece and Rome

Question: Whay cheese was noted for being made from sheeps milk?

Ancient Greek mythology credited Aristaeus with the discovery of cheese.
Homer's "Odyssey" (8th century BCE) describes the Cyclops making and storing sheep's and goats' milk cheese.
From Samuel Butler's translation:By Roman times, cheese was an everyday food and cheesemaking a mature art.
Columella's "De Re Rustica" (circa 65 CE) details a cheesemaking process involving rennet coagulation, pressing of the curd, salting, and aging.
Pliny's "Natural History" (77 CE) devotes a chapter (XI, 97) to describing the diversity of cheeses enjoyed by Romans of the early Empire.
He stated that the best cheeses came from the villages near Nîmes, but did not keep long and had to be eaten fresh.
Cheeses of the Alps and Apennines were as remarkable for their variety then as now.
A Ligurian cheese was noted for being made mostly from sheep's milk, and some cheeses produced nearby were stated to weigh as much as a thousand pounds each.
Goats' milk cheese was a recent taste in Rome, improved over the "medicinal taste" of Gaul's similar cheeses by smoking.
Of cheeses from overseas, Pliny preferred those of Bithynia in Asia Minor.
Article: Egypt
Section: Festivals

Question: In Egypt, what are religious carnivals known as?

Egypt celebrates many festivals and religious carnivals, also known as "mulid".
They are usually associated with a particular Coptic or Sufi saint, but are often celebrated by Egyptians irrespective of creed or religion.
Ramadan has a special flavor in Egypt, celebrated with sounds, lights (local lanterns known as "fawanees") and much flare that many Muslim tourists from the region flock to Egypt to witness during Ramadan.
The ancient spring festival of Sham en Nisim (Coptic: "shom en nisim") has been celebrated by Egyptians for thousands of years, typically between the Egyptian months of Paremoude (April) and Pashons (May), following Easter Sunday.
Article: Disney's Animal Kingdom
Section: Controversy

Question: What was found by the USDA inspectors?

Even in planning stages, various Florida based animal rights groups and PETA did not like the idea of Disney creating a theme park where animals were held in captivity.
The groups protested, and PETA tried to convince travel agents not to book trips to the park.
A few weeks before the park opened, a number of animals died due to accidents.
The United States Department of Agriculture viewed most of the cases and found no violations of animal-welfare regulations.
On opening day, the Orange County Sheriff's office sent about 150 deputies in fear that there may be a large protest, but only two dozen protesters showed up.
The protest lasted two hours, and there were no arrests.
One year after the park opened, Animal Rights Foundation of Florida complained that a New Year's Eve fireworks show could upset the animals.
A USDA inspector came to the park and found no problems with launching low-noise fireworks half a mile away.
Article: Colosseum
Section: Interior seating

Question: What's the difference between 'immum' and 'summum'?

According to the Codex-Calendar of 354, the Colosseum could accommodate 87,000 people, although modern estimates put the figure at around 50,000.
They were seated in a tiered arrangement that reflected the rigidly stratified nature of Roman society.
Special boxes were provided at the north and south ends respectively for the Emperor and the Vestal Virgins, providing the best views of the arena.
Flanking them at the same level was a broad platform or "podium" for the senatorial class, who were allowed to bring their own chairs.
The names of some 5th century senators can still be seen carved into the stonework, presumably reserving areas for their use.
The tier above the senators, known as the "maenianum primum", was occupied by the non-senatorial noble class or knights ("equites").
The next level up, the "maenianum secundum", was originally reserved for ordinary Roman citizens ("plebeians") and was divided into two sections.
The lower part (the "immum") was for wealthy citizens, while the upper part (the "summum") was for poor citizens.
Specific sectors were provided for other social groups: for instance, boys with their tutors, soldiers on leave, foreign dignitaries, scribes, heralds, priests and so on.
Stone (and later marble) seating was provided for the citizens and nobles, who presumably would have brought their own cushions with them.
Inscriptions identified the areas reserved for specific groups.
Another level, the "maenianum secundum in legneis", was added at the very top of the building during the reign of Domitian.
This comprised a gallery for the common poor, slaves and women.
It would have been either standing room only, or would have had very steep wooden benches.
Some groups were banned altogether from the Colosseum, notably gravediggers, actors and former gladiators.
Each tier was divided into sections ("maeniana") by curved passages and low walls ("praecinctiones" or "baltei"), and were subdivided into "cunei", or wedges, by the steps and aisles from the vomitoria.
Each row ("gradus") of seats was numbered, permitting each individual seat to be exactly designated by its gradus, cuneus, and number.
Article: Rules of Engagement (TV series)
Section: DVD releases

Question: Where was Season One released on April 4, 2011?

Sony Pictures Home Entertainment owns the rights to release DVDs in Region 1.
The fifth season of the series was made available beginning February 7, 2012, exclusively as a made-on-demand release from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, in conjunction with amazon.com.
Similarly, the sixth season received a MOD release from online retailers, on October 2, 2012.
Paramount Pictures, in conjunction with CBS Home Entertainment, will start releasing the series on DVD internationally in 2011.
Season One was released in the UK (Region 2 DVD) on April 4, 2011.
Note: Following the events of Charlie Sheen’s departure from "Two and a Half Men", CBS ordered an additional two episodes for "Rules of Engagement"’s fifth season, bringing the total number of episodes to 26 from the initial 24 ordered.
Despite the episodes, "Scavenger Hunt" and "Cheating," airing during the sixth season, they were originally produced for the fifth season, and are included in the fifth season collection.
Therefore, the sixth season’s DVD release features the 13 episodes produced over that time period, versus the 15 that were broadcast by CBS.