community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Disney's Hollywood Studios
Section: Production history

Question: How was the Disney management downsized?

The Walt Disney Company's original concept of the Disney-MGM Studios was to operate it as a full fledged television and motion picture production facility, not just a theme park.
In 1988, among the first feature-length movies filmed at the facility, prior to its completion and opening as a theme park, were "Ernest Saves Christmas" and "Newsies".
When the park opened in 1989, the studio/production facilities housed two major components, the first of which was Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida, where Disney produced a number of projects, including "Mulan", "Lilo & Stitch", "Brother Bear", and sequences from other 1990s-early 2000s Disney animated features.
The second, larger component was Walt Disney Studios Florida, which consisted of three sound stages used for various Disney projects including The Disney Channel's "Mickey Mouse Club", "Teen Win, Lose or Draw" and "Adventures in Wonderland".
Several third party productions also used the Studios, including "Superboy" (first season only, from 1988–1989), "Thunder in Paradise", a revival of "Let's Make a Deal", special broadcasts of "Wheel of Fortune" and airplane interior sequences for the feature film "Passenger 57".
In addition, a number of music videos and several tapings for World Championship Wrestling (as well as live broadcasts of WCW Monday Nitro) were also shot there.
Even The Post Group had a Florida-based post-production facility located on the Studio lot throughout the 1990s.
All these production and post-production facilities were constructed to be an integral part of the theme park's Backstage Studio Tour as well.
During the closing credits of the "Mickey Mouse Club" (later, "MMC" in its final seasons) and "Adventures in Wonderland", the lit Disney-MGM water tower appeared on the screen and one of the cast said, "(insert show title here) was taped at the Disney-MGM Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort, Lake Buena Vista, Florida."
Disney management (including CEO Michael Eisner) decided to downsize Disney's Florida operations by closing the animation studio, laying-off personnel and then moving the operations to the main animation studio in Burbank, California.
A radio studio is also located on the lot, appropriately behind "Sounds Dangerous".
It originally housed the first children's radio network Radio Aahs which rented the studio.
Later, Disney founded Radio Disney and essentially drove Radio Aahs out of business.
Radio Disney decided it was no longer profitable to operate in Florida so they moved all of their shows from the Disney-MGM Studios to the Radio Disney headquarters in Dallas, Texas and the once bustling Disney Studios Florida radio studios are now used as remote studios for radio shows that are visiting Disney or the Orlando area and need a broadcast facility.
Article: How to Save a Life
Section: Abstract

Question: Which release was the debut album by American alternative rock group The Fray?

How to Save a Life is the debut album by American alternative rock group The Fray.
Released on September 13, 2005 through Epic Records, the record charted in the top 15 on the "Billboard" 200 and was a top ten hit in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the UK.
The first two singles from the album, "Over My Head (Cable Car)" and "How to Save a Life" helped the album become a commercial success and brought the band mainstream popularity.
Critical reception to the album was mixed.
The piano-rock style of the album drew comparisons with British piano-driven bands like Keane and Coldplay.
The album was certified double platinum by the RIAA, and was also certified platinum in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and in the UK.
The album went on to become the best-selling digital album of all time, breaking the record held previously by Coldplay's "X&Y".
It was ranked #21 on "Billboard"'s list of the "Best Digital Albums of the Decade".
Article: Vietnam War
Section: American nurses

Question: By 1973, how many women had served in  Vietnam?

Women in the Vietnam War.
American nurses.
During the Vietnam War, American women served on active duty doing a variety of jobs.
Early in 1963, the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) launched Operation Nightingale, an intensive effort to recruit nurses to serve in Vietnam.
Most nurses who volunteered to serve in Vietnam came from predominantly working or middle-class families with histories of military service.
The majority of these women were white Catholics and Protestants.
Because the need for medical aid was great, many nurses underwent a concentrated four-month training program before being deployed to Vietnam in the ANC.
Due to the shortage of staff, nurses usually worked twelve-hour shifts, six days per week and often suffered from exhaustion.
First Lieutenant Sharon Lane was the only female military nurse to be killed by enemy gunfire during the war, on 8 June 1969.
At the start of the Vietnam War, it was commonly thought that American women had no place in the military.
Their traditional place had been in the domestic sphere, but with the war came opportunity for the expansion of gender roles.
In Vietnam, women held a variety of jobs which included operating complex data processing equipment and serving as stenographers.
Although a small number of women were assigned to combat zones, they were never allowed directly in the field of battle.
The women who served in the military were solely volunteers.
They faced a plethora of challenges, one of which was the relatively small number of female soldiers.
Living in a male-dominated environment created tensions between the sexes.
While this high male to female ratio was often uncomfortable for women, many men reported that having women in the field with them boosted their morale.
Although this was not the women's purpose, it was one positive result of the their service.
By 1973, approximately 7,500 women had served in Vietnam in the Southeast Asian theater.
In that same year, the military lifted the prohibition on women entering the armed forces.
American women serving in Vietnam were subject to societal stereotypes.
Many Americans either considered females serving in Vietnam masculine for living under the army discipline, or judged them to be women of questionable moral character who enlisted for the sole purpose of seducing men.
To address this problem, the ANC released advertisements portraying women in the ANC as "proper, professional and well protected."
(26) This effort to highlight the positive aspects of a nursing career reflected the ideas of second-wave feminism that occurred during the 1960s–1970s in the United States.
Although female military nurses lived in a heavily male environment, very few cases of sexual harassment were ever reported.
In 2008, by contrast, approximately one-third of women in the military felt that they had been sexually harassed compared with one-third of men.
Article: United Arab Emirates
Section: Sports

Question: Name a popular sport in the UAE.

Football is a popular sport in the UAE.
Emirati football clubs Al-Ain, Al-Wasl, Al-Shabbab ACD, Al-Sharjah, Al-Wahda, and Al-Ahli are the most popular teams and enjoy the reputation of long-time regional champions.
The United Arab Emirates Football Association was first established in 1971 and since then has dedicated its time and effort to promoting the game, organizing youth programs and improving the abilities of not only its players, but of the officials and coaches involved with its regional teams.
The UAE national football team qualified for the FIFA World Cup in 1990 with Egypt.
It was the third consecutive World Cup with two Arab nations qualifying, after Kuwait and Algeria in 1982, and Iraq and Algeria again in 1986.
The UAE won the Gulf Cup Championship two times.
They won the first cup in January 2007 held in Abu Dhabi and has won the recent cup in January 2013 held in Bahrain.
Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the UAE, largely because of the expatriate population from the Indian subcontinent, the United Kingdom, and Australia.
The Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium in Sharjah has hosted 4 international test cricket matches so far.
Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi also hosted international cricket matches.
Dubai has two cricket stadiums (Dubai Cricket Ground No.1 and No.2) with a third, the DSC Cricket Stadium as part of Dubai Sports City.
Dubai is also home to the International Cricket Council.
The UAE national cricket team qualified for the 1996 Cricket World Cup and narrowly missed out on qualification for the 2007 Cricket World Cup.
Formula One is particularly popular in the United Arab Emirates, and is annually held at the picturesque Yas Marina Circuit.
The race is held at evening time, and is the first ever Grand Prix to start in daylight and finish at night.
Other popular sports include camel racing, falconry, endurance riding, and tennis.
Article: The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)
Section: Description

Question: Who is located to the right of Christ in Michaelangelo's The Last Judgment?

At the centre of the work is a depiction of Christ, captured in the moment preceding that when the verdict of the Last Judgement is uttered.
To Christ's right is his mother, Virgin Mary, who turns her head in a gesture of resignation.
Surrounding Christ in a slow rotary movement are figures, identified as the saints and the elect of God.
Most notable are Saint Peter, holding the keys of Heaven and Saint Bartholomew with his own skin which is usually recognized as being a self-portrait of Michelangelo.
In the centre of the lower section are the angels of the Apocalypse who are wakening the dead to the sound of long trumpets.
On the left the risen recover their bodies as they ascend towards heaven, on the right angels and demons fight over making the damned fall down to hell.
Below this detail is Charon (here the work invokes Greek mythology; Charon sails the ferry down the Styx), leading the damned into hell where they are greeted by Minos (see below), whose body is wrapped in the coils of the serpent.
Article: Falling Skies
Section: Series overview

Question: After the invasion on "Falling Skies", how many people were left?

"Falling Skies" tells the story of the aftermath of a global invasion by extraterrestrials (including mechanical attack drones called "mechs", a species of green-skinned six-legged beings known as "Skitters" that appear to control the mechs, and a third mysterious species known as the Overlords, or "espheni", presumably the actual engineers of the invasion and the masters of the Skitters).
Within a few days the invaders neutralized the world's power grid and technology, destroyed the militaries of all the world's countries, and killed over 90% of the human population.
The aliens' objectives are not explained, though the aliens try to round up children between the ages of 8 and 18 and attach a biomechanical obedience device onto (and into) their spines, referred to as a "harness".
The harness controls the child's mind, and forcibly removing it generally kills the child.
The story begins six months after the invasion and follows a group of survivors who band together to fight back.
The group, known as the Second Massachusetts (an allusion to a historical regiment from the Continental Army), is led by retired U.S. Army Captain Dan Weaver and Boston University history professor Tom Mason who, while in search of his son Ben, must put his extensive knowledge of military history into practice as one of the leaders of the resistance movement.
Article: Gravity (film)
Section: Box office

Question: What non North American countries provided the biggest markets for the movie "Gravity?"

Preliminary reports predicted the film would open with takings of over $40 million in North America.
The film earned $1.4 million from its Thursday night showings, and reached $17.5 million on Friday.
"Gravity" topped the box office and broke "Paranormal Activity 3"s record as the highest-earning October and autumn openings ever, grossing $55.8 million.
80 percent of the film's opening weekend gross came from its 3D showings, which grossed $44 million.
$11.2 million20 percent of the receiptscame from IMAX 3D showings; the highest percentage ever for a film opening more than $50 million.
The film stayed at number one at the box office during its second and third weekends.
"Gravity" opened at number one in the United Kingdom, taking over the first weekend of release and remained there for the second week.
The film's largest markets outside North America were China ($71.2m), the United Kingdom ($47.0m) and France ($38.2m).
On February 17, 2014 the film grossed $700m worldwide.
As of March 30, 2014, "Gravity" has grossed $273,312,639 in North America and $442,300,000 in other countries, making a worldwide gross of $715,612,639making it the eighth-highest grossing film of 2013.
Article: Diving
Section: Synchronized diving

Question: how similar are simultaneous dives?

Synchronized diving was adopted as an Olympic sport in 2000.
Two divers form a team and perform dives simultaneously.
The dives are identical.
It used to be possible to dive opposites, also known as a pinwheel, but this is no longer part of competitive synchronized diving.
For example, one diver would perform a forward dive and the other an inward dive in the same position, or one would do a reverse and the other a back movement.
In these events, the diving would be judged both on the quality of execution and the synchronicity – in timing of take-off and entry, height and forward travel.
Article: Chile
Section: Tourism

Question: When was the Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts built on?

Tourism in Chile has experienced sustained growth over the last few decades.
In 2005, tourism grew by 13.6 percent, generating more than 4.5 billion dollars of which 1.5 billion is attributed to foreign tourists.
According to the National Service of Tourism (Sernatur), 2 million people a year visit the country.
Most of these visitors come from other countries in the American continent, mainly Argentina; followed by a growing number from the United States, Europe, and Brazil with a growing number of Asians from South Korea and PR China.
The main attractions for tourists are places of natural beauty situated in the extreme zones of the country: San Pedro de Atacama, in the north, is very popular with foreign tourists who arrive to admire the Incaic architecture, the altiplano lakes, and the Valley of the Moon.
In Putre, also in the north, there is the Chungará Lake, as well as the Parinacota and the Pomerape volcanoes, with altitudes of 6,348 m and 6,282 m, respectively.
Throughout the central Andes there are many ski resorts of international repute, including Portillo, Valle Nevado and Termas de Chillán.
The main tourist sites in the south are national parks (the most popular is Conguillío National Park in the Araucanía) and the coastal area around Tirúa and Cañete with the Isla Mocha and the Nahuelbuta National Park, Chiloé Archipelago and Patagonia, which includes Laguna San Rafael National Park, with its many glaciers, and the Torres del Paine National Park.
The central port city of Valparaíso, which is World Heritage with its unique architecture, is also popular.
Finally, Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean is one of the main Chilean tourist destinations.
For locals, tourism is concentrated mostly in the summer (December to March), and mainly in the coastal beach towns.
Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, La Serena and Coquimbo are the main summer centres in the north, and Pucón on the shores of Lake Villarrica is the main centre in the south.
Because of its proximity to Santiago, the coast of the Valparaíso Region, with its many beach resorts, receives the largest number of tourists.
Viña del Mar, Valparaíso's northern affluent neighbor, is popular because of its beaches, casino, and its annual song festival, the most important musical event in Latin America.
Pichilemu in the O'Higgins Region is widely known as South America's "best surfing spot" according to Fodor's.
In November 2005 the government launched a campaign under the brand "Chile: All Ways Surprising" intended to promote the country internationally for both business and tourism.
Museums in Chile such as the Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts built in 1880, feature works by Chilean artists.
Article: Cloning
Section: Cloning unicellular organisms

Question: How many cellular organisms are needed for cloning?

Cell cloning.
Cloning unicellular organisms.
Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells from a single cell.
In the case of unicellular organisms such as bacteria and yeast, this process is remarkably simple and essentially only requires the inoculation of the appropriate medium.
However, in the case of cell cultures from multi-cellular organisms, cell cloning is an arduous task as these cells will not readily grow in standard media.
A useful tissue culture technique used to clone distinct lineages of cell lines involves the use of cloning rings (cylinders).
According to this technique, a single-cell suspension of cells that have been exposed to a mutagenic agent or drug used to drive selection is plated at high dilution to create isolated colonies; each arising from a single and potentially clonal distinct cell.
At an early growth stage when colonies consist of only a few of cells, sterile polystyrene rings (cloning rings), which have been dipped in grease are placed over an individual colony and a small amount of trypsin is added.
Cloned cells are collected from inside the ring and transferred to a new vessel for further growth.
Article: Biology
Section: Homeostasis

Question: How does a biological system react after detecting a perturbation?

Homeostasis is the ability of an open system to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms.
All living organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular, exhibit homeostasis.
To maintain dynamic equilibrium and effectively carry out certain functions, a system must detect and respond to perturbations.
After the detection of a perturbation, a biological system normally responds through negative feedback.
This means stabilizing conditions by either reducing or increasing the activity of an organ or system.
One example is the release of glucagon when sugar levels are too low.
Article: Nucleic acid sequence
Section: Genetic testing

Question: What can genetic tests confirm or rule out?

The DNA in an organism's genome can be analyzed to diagnose vulnerabilities to inherited diseases, and can also be used to determine a child's paternity (genetic father) or a person's ancestry.
Normally, every person carries two variations of every gene, one inherited from their mother, the other inherited from their father.
The human genome is believed to contain around 20,000 - 25,000 genes.
In addition to studying chromosomes to the level of individual genes, genetic testing in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the possible presence of genetic diseases, or mutant forms of genes associated with increased risk of developing genetic disorders.
Genetic testing identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins.
Usually, testing is used to find changes that are associated with inherited disorders.
The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.
Several hundred genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed.
Article: The Good Wife
Section: Season 4

Question: What conflict arose between Cary of The Good Wife and Lockhart & Gardner?

Season 4 focuses on Lockhart & Gardner's efforts to come out from bankruptcy after rival lawyers Louis Canning and Patti Nyholm team up to take them down.
A trustee, Clarke Hayden, is appointed to watch over the firm, but Will and Diane are not happy once he starts getting in their way.
Trying to gain money, the firm offers partnership to some associates, because they need their initial payment.
When the debt is cleared, only Alicia is made partner and the other offers are delayed.
Feeling angry, Cary teams up with the other four-years to start a new firm.
Meanwhile, Peter Florrick runs for Governor.
Eli is once again leading his campaign, although things get complicated when he finds out he is being investigated.
Alicia befriends Maddi Haylord, who sponsors her husband's campaign, but ultimetely it turns out she is running up against him and Mike Kresteva.
In a B plot Kalinda's past comes to haunt her in the form of her husband Nick.
Once he starts threatening people in her life, she needs to get rid of him.
The firm also hires a new investigator to help her at work - Robyn Burdine.
On top of all, Alicia is back with Peter, but having a hard time supressing her feelings for Will.
Article: The Persistence of Memory
Section: Description

Question: Which insect did Dali often use in his paintings, and what did they symbolize?

The well-known surrealist piece introduced the image of the soft melting pocket watch.
It epitomizes Dalí's theory of "softness" and "hardness", which was central to his thinking at the time.
As Dawn Ades wrote, "The soft watches are an unconscious symbol of the relativity of space and time, a Surrealist meditation on the collapse of our notions of a fixed cosmic order".
This interpretation suggests that Dalí was incorporating an understanding of the world introduced by Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity.
Asked by Ilya Prigogine whether this was in fact the case, Dalí replied that the soft watches were not inspired by the theory of relativity, but by the surrealist perception of a Camembert cheese melting in the sun.
Although fundamentally part of Dalí's Freudian phase, the imagery precedes his transition to his scientific phase by fourteen years, which occurred after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
It is possible to recognize a human figure in the middle of the composition, in the strange "monster" that Dalí used in several contemporary pieces to represent himself – the abstract form becoming something of a self-portrait, reappearing frequently in his work.
The orange clock at the bottom left of the painting is covered in ants.
Dalí often used ants in his paintings as a symbol of decay.
The figure in the middle of the picture can be read as a "fading" creature, one that often appears in dreams where the dreamer cannot pinpoint the creature's exact form and composition.
One can observe that the creature has one closed eye with several eyelashes, suggesting that the creature is also in a dream state.
The iconography may refer to a dream that Dalí himself had experienced, and the clocks may symbolize the passing of time as one experiences it in sleep or the persistence of time in the eyes of the dreamer .
"The Persistence of Memory" employs "the exactitude of realist painting techniques" to depict imagery more likely to be found in dreams than in waking consciousness.