community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Yosemite National Park
Section: Ahwahneechee and the Mariposa Wars

Question: When did Jim Savage lead the Mariposa Battalion in to the west?

Ahwahneechee and the Mariposa Wars.
As revealed by archeological finds, the Yosemite Valley has been inhabited for nearly 3000 years.
The Paiute and Sierra Miwok peoples lived in the area long before the first explorations by American settlers into the region.
A band of Paiute called the "Ahwahneechee" were living in the Yosemite Valley when the first known group of European Americans entered it.
The California Gold Rush in the mid-19th century dramatically increased travel by European-Americans in the area, causing competition for resources between the regional Paiute and Miwok and the miners and hangers on.
In 1851 as part of the Mariposa Wars intended to suppress Native American resistance, United States Army Major Jim Savage led the Mariposa Battalion into the west end of Yosemite Valley.
He was pursuing forces of around 200 Ahwahneechee led by Chief Tenaya.
Accounts from this battalion were the first well-documented reports of ethnic Europeans entering Yosemite Valley.
Attached to Savage's unit was Dr. Lafayette Bunnell, the company physician, who later wrote about his awestruck impressions of the valley in "The Discovery of the Yosemite".
Bunnell is credited with naming Yosemite Valley, based on his interviews with Chief Tenaya.
Bunnell wrote that Chief Tenaya was the founder of the Pai-Ute Colony of Ah-wah-nee.
The Miwok, a neighboring tribe, and most white settlers considered the Ahwahneechee to be especially violent because of their frequent territorial disputes.
The Miwok term for the Pai-Ute band was "yohhe'meti," meaning "they are killers".
Correspondence and articles written by members of the battalion helped to popularize the natural wonders of the Yosemite Valley and the surrounding area.
Chief Tenaya and his Ahwahneechee were eventually captured and their village burned; they were removed to a reservation near Fresno, California.
The chief and some others were later allowed to return to Yosemite Valley.
In the spring of 1852 they attacked a group of eight gold miners, and then moved east to flee law enforcement.
Near Mono Lake, they took refuge with the nearby Mono tribe of Paiute.
They stole horses from their hosts and moved away, but the Mono Paiutes tracked down and killed many of the Ahwahneechee, including Chief Tenaya.
The Mono Paiute took the survivors as captives back to Mono Lake and absorbed them into the Mono Lake Paiute tribe.
A reconstructed "Indian Village of Ahwahnee" has been erected behind the Yosemite Museum, located next to the Yosemite Valley Visitor Center.
Article: Botany
Section: Medicine and materials

Question: What is the basis for alcoholic beverages?

Phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism.
Some of these compounds are toxins such as the alkaloid coniine from hemlock.
Others, such as the essential oils peppermint oil and lemon oil are useful for their aroma, as flavourings and spices (e.g., capsaicin), and in medicine as pharmaceuticals as in opium from opium poppies.
Many medicinal and recreational drugs, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (active ingredient in cannabis), caffeine, morphine and nicotine come directly from plants.
Others are simple derivatives of botanical natural products.
For example, the pain killer aspirin is the acetyl ester of salicylic acid, originally isolated from the bark of willow trees, and a wide range of opiate painkillers like heroin are obtained by chemical modification of morphine obtained from the opium poppy.
Popular stimulants come from plants, such as caffeine from coffee, tea and chocolate, and nicotine from tobacco.
Most alcoholic beverages come from fermentation of carbohydrate-rich plant products such as barley (beer), rice (sake) and grapes (wine).
Plants can synthesise useful coloured dyes and pigments such as the anthocyanins responsible for the red colour of red wine, yellow weld and blue woad used together to produce Lincoln green, indoxyl, source of the blue dye indigo traditionally used to dye denim and the artist's pigments gamboge and rose madder.
Sugar, starch, cotton, linen, hemp, some types of rope, wood and particle boards, papyrus and paper, vegetable oils, wax, and natural rubber are examples of commercially important materials made from plant tissues or their secondary products.
Charcoal, a pure form of carbon made by pyrolysis of wood, has a long history as a metal-smelting fuel, as a filter material and adsorbent and as an artist's material and is one of the three ingredients of gunpowder.
Cellulose, the world's most abundant organic polymer, can be converted into energy, fuels, materials and chemical feedstock.
Products made from cellulose include rayon and cellophane, wallpaper paste, biobutanol and gun cotton.
Sugarcane, rapeseed and soy are some of the plants with a highly fermentable sugar or oil content that are used as sources of biofuels, important alternatives to fossil fuels, such as biodiesel.
Article: Sound City (film)
Section: Synopsis

Question: When did Sound City Studios close?

Sound City Studios was located in the San Fernando Valley, amidst rows of dilapidated warehouses.
The little-known recording studio housed a unique analog Neve recording console and had a reputation for recording drums.
Artists such as Nirvana, Kyuss, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Fleetwood Mac, Neil Young, Rick Springfield, Tom Petty and Slipknot recorded groundbreaking music at the studio.
The film tells the story of the studio from its early days in 1969 until its closing in 2011.
It then follows Dave Grohl's purchase of the studio's custom analog Neve console, which he moved to his personal studio, Studio 606.
Rupert Neve is an English engineer who founded Neve Electronics in 1961, designed and manufactured the Neve 8028, "one of four in the world", and is interviewed by Grohl in the film.
Famous musicians who recorded at Sound City reunite at Studio 606 for a jam session and to make an album of "all-new all-original songs, each one composed and recorded exclusively for the film within its own 24-hour session on that console."
It also shows album covers by some bands: Red Hot Chili Peppers's "One Hot Minute", Nirvana's "Incesticide" and "Nevermind", Rage Against The Machine's self-titled album and many others.
Article: Nigeria
Section: Civil war (1967-1970)

Question: What month and year did the 30 Month War end?

Civil war (1967-1970).
The disequilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led in 1966 to several back-to-back military coups.
The first was in January and led by a collection of young leftists under Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna and Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu.
It was partially successful; the coup plotters murdered Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier Ahmadu Bello of the Northern Region and Premier Ladoke Akintola of the Western Region.
Despite this, they could not set up a central government.
President Nwafor Orizu was then pressured to hand over government to the Nigeria Army, under the command of General JTU Aguyi-Ironsi.
The coup was counter-acted by another successful plot, supported primarily by Northern military officers and Northerners who favoured the NPC, it was engineered by Northern officers, which allowed Lt Colonel Yakubu Gowon to become head of state.
This sequence of events led to an increase in ethnic tension and violence.
The Northern coup, motivated by ethnic and religious reasons, resulted in the deaths of many military officers and civilians, especially those of Igbo descent.
The violence against the Igbo increased their desire for autonomy.
By May 1967, the Eastern Region voted to declare independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt Colonel Emeka Ojukwu.
The Nigerian Civil War began as the Nigerian (Western and Northern) side attacked Biafra (South-eastern) on 6 July 1967 at Garkem.
The 30 month war, with a long siege of Biafra and its isolation from trade and supplies, ended in January 1970.
Estimates of the number of dead in the former Eastern Region are between 1 and 3 million people, from warfare, disease, and starvation, during the 30-month civil war .
France, Egypt, Soviet Union, Britain and others were deeply involved in the civil war behind the scenes.
Britain and the Soviet Union were the main military backers of the Nigerian government while France and others helped the Biafrans.
Nigeria also used Egyptian pilots for their air force.
Article: Venezuela
Section: Sport

Question: What are Venezuela's 3 most popular sports?

Baseball is Venezuela's most popular sport, with the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League existing since 1945.
Besides baseball, Venezuela's most popular sports are basketball and football.
Venezuela hosted the 2012 Basketball World Olympic Qualifying Tournament and the 2013 FIBA Basketball Americas Championship, which took place in Poliedro de Caracas.
Football, spearheaded by the Venezuela national football team is gaining popularity as well.
Venezuela will hold the Copa América every 40 years, according to the Conmebol rotation policy.
(2007, 2047, 2087, 2127, 2167, 2207, 2247, 2287...)Venezuela is also home to Formula 1 driver, Pastor Maldonado.
At the 2012 Spanish Grand Prix, he claimed his first pole and victory and became the first and only Venezuelan to have done so in the entire Formula 1 history.
Maldonado has increased the reception of Formula 1 fans in Venezuela and is now inspiring thousands of young Venezuelan children to aim for Formula 1.
In the 2012 Summer Olympics, Venezuelan Rubén Limardo won gold in fencing.
Article: Pike Place Market
Section: Housing and social services

Question: How many weekly bags of groceries are delivered to homebound residents by Downtown Food Bank?

The Market is also a significant provider of low-income housing and social services.
The Market Foundation supports the Pike Market Medical Clinic, Pike Market Senior Center, Downtown Food Bank, and Pike Market Childcare and Preschool (all within the Market), as well as low-income housing in and near the Market.
They provide Market Fresh coupons to their low-income tenants, redeemable for Market produce, and implement the FoodLink program that distributes unsold Market produce to other Seattle food banks and meal programs.
The money placed in the Market's giant piggybank goes to this foundation, as do the funds raised by several annual or intermittent fundraisers, including Pigs on Parade.
About 500 people live in the market.
Approximately 90% are low-income seniors with subsidized rents.
Their average income is only $11,095 a year.
Among the low-income units in the Market are 41 in the LaSalle Hotel, 51 in Market House, 44 in the Stewart House and 96 in the Livingston-Baker.
The Pike Market Medical Clinic provides primary care and ancillary services to 3,600 patients.
Most of these are either elderly, HIV-positive, or working poor.
One third homeless, 30% are physically disabled, and 60% have severe mental illness and/or chemical addiction.
The clinic provides basic medical care, subsidized prescriptions, lab work, mental health counseling, drug and alcohol counseling, connections to other community services, and sometimes even assistance in finding housing.
Approximately 900 people use the Market's senior center.
Services include hot lunches for low-income seniors, help in finding housing and jobs, and a variety of classes ranging from physical fitness and health to language, geography, art, and computer training.
The Downtown Food Bank, located in the Public Market Parking Garage on Western Avenue provides groceries to approximately 1,000 people a week.
About 265 bags of groceries are delivered weekly to homebound downtown residents.
About 160 families receive infant milk, baby food and diapers.
The child care and preschool serves 90-100 families with children ages 2–5 each year.
84% of families with children attending are low-income and receive tuition assistance.
Besides its educational aspects, the school provides these children with breakfast, lunch, and afternoon snacks and has a full-time, onsite child and family support professional to identify resources children their families might need and to link them to those resources.
Article: Napoleonic Wars
Section: War between Britain and France, 1803–1814

Question: When did the British Army defeat Napoleon at Waterloo?

Unlike its many coalition partners, Britain remained at war throughout the period of the Napoleonic Wars.
Protected by naval supremacy (in the words of Admiral Jervis to the House of Lords "I do not say, my Lords, that the French will not come.
I say only they will not come by sea"), Britain maintained low-intensity land warfare on a global scale for over a decade.
The British government paid out large sums of money to other European states, so that they could pay armies in the field against France.
These payments are colloquially known as the Golden Cavalry of St George.
The British Army provided long-term support to the Spanish rebellion in the Peninsular War of 1808–1814, assisted by Spanish guerrilla ('little war') tactics.
Anglo-Portuguese forces under Arthur Wellesley supported the Spanish, which campaigned successfully against the French armies, eventually driving them from Spain, thus allowing Britain to invade southern France.
By 1815, the British Army played the central role in the final defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.
In 1802, Napoleon victoriously brought to an end the War of the Second Coalition, with only Great Britain remaining formally at war.
Isolated, Britain reluctantly agreed to end hostilities under the Treaty of Amiens (25 March 1802).
Bonaparte tried to exploit the brief peace at sea to restore French colonial rule in Haiti.
The expedition, though initially successful, would soon turn to a disaster, with the French commander Charles Leclerc, dying of yellow fever and almost his entire force destroyed by the disease.
Napoleon gave up his New World dreams and sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803.
Great Britain violated the terms of the Treaty of Amiens by occupying Malta and gathered a Third Coalition against France.
The French intervention in the Swiss civil strife, a breach of the Treaty of Lunéville (1801) between France and the Holy Roman Empire which guaranteed Swiss sovereignty, was taken as a pretext by the British to break the peace of Amiens and declare war on France on 18 May 1803.
The Coalition's war aims changed over the course of the conflict: a general desire to restore the French monarchy became closely linked to the struggle to stop Bonaparte.
Beyond minor naval actions against British imperial interests, the Napoleonic Wars were much less global in scope than preceding conflicts such as Seven Years' War, which historians term a "world war".
Article: Space Needle
Section: Architecture

Question: How many total degrees does the Space Needle rotate every 47 minutes?

The architecture of the Space Needle is the result of a compromise between the designs of two men, Edward E. Carlson and John Graham, Jr.
The two leading ideas for the World Fair involved businessman Edward Carlson's sketch of a giant balloon tethered to the ground (see the gently sloping base) and architect John Graham's concept of a flying saucer (see the halo that houses the restaurant and observation deck).
Victor Steinbrueck introduced the hourglass profile of the tower.
The Space Needle was built to withstand wind speeds of 200 mph, double the requirements in the building code of 1962.
An earthquake registering 6.8 on the Richter Scale jolted the Needle enough in 2001 for water to slosh out of the toilets in the restrooms.
The Space Needle can endure serious structural damage during earthquakes of magnitudes below 9.
Also made to withstand Category 5 hurricane-force winds, the Space Needle sways only 1 inch per 10 mph (16 mm per 10 km/h) of wind speed.
For decades, the "hovering disk" of the Space Needle was home to two restaurants above the ground: the Space Needle Restaurant, which was originally named Eye of the Needle, and Emerald Suite.
These were closed in 2000 to make way for SkyCity, a larger restaurant that features Pacific Northwest cuisine.
It rotates 360 degrees in exactly forty-seven minutes.
In 1993, the elevators were replaced with new computerized versions.
The new elevators descend at a rate of .
On December 31, 1999 (New Year's Eve), a powerful beam of light was unveiled for the first time.
Called the Legacy Light or Skybeam, it is powered by lamps that total 85 million candela shining skyward from the top of the Space Needle to honor national holidays and special occasions in Seattle.
The concept of this beam was derived from the official 1962 World's Fair poster, which depicted such a light source although none was incorporated into the original design.
It is somewhat controversial because of the light pollution it creates.
Originally planned to be turned on 75 nights per year, it has generally been used fewer than a dozen times per year.
It did remain lit for eleven days in a row from September 11, 2001, to September 22, 2001, in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks.
The same 1962 World's Fair original poster showed a grand spiral entryway leading to the elevator, but this, too, was omitted from the final building plans.
This stairway was added as part of the Pavilion and Spacebase addition/remodel in June 2000.
The main stairwell (generally emergency access) has 848 steps in all from the basement to the top of the observation deck.
At approximately , the Space Needle was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River at the time it was built by Howard S. Wright Construction Co., but is now dwarfed by other structures along the Seattle skyline, among them the Columbia Center, at .
Unlike many other similar structures, such as the CN Tower in Toronto, the Space Needle is not used for broadcasting purposes.
Article: Amélie
Section: Home media

Question: When was the first release of the movie "Amélie"?

The film has no overall worldwide distributor, but Blu-ray discs have been released in Canada and Australia.
The first release occurred in Canada in September 2008 by TVA Films.
This version did not contain any English subtitles and received criticisms regarding picture quality.
In November 2009, an Australian release occurred.
This time the version contained English subtitles and features no region coding.
Momentum Pictures released a Blu-ray in the UK on 17 October 2011.
The film is also available on HD on iTunes and other digital download services.
Article: Friends
Section: Awards

Question: Which season of Friends did the actors choose to submit theirselves on the best actor ballet?

To maintain the series' ensemble format, the main cast members decided to enter themselves in the same acting categories for awards.
Beginning with the series' eighth season, the actors decided to submit themselves in the lead actor balloting, rather than in the supporting actor fields.
The series was nominated for 63 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning six.
Aniston and Kudrow are the only main cast members to win an Emmy, while Cox is the only actor not to be nominated.
The series won the 2002 Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, with nominations in 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000 and 2003.
The series also won an American Comedy Award, one GLAAD Media Award, one Golden Globe Award, three Logie Awards, six People's Choice Awards, one Satellite Award, and one Screen Actors Guild Award.
Article: The Act of Killing
Section: Synopsis

Question: Why do the massacres make the younger members of the Pemuda Pancasila boastful?

The film focuses on the Indonesian killings of 1965–1966, an anti-communist purge in which more than 500,000 people were killed.
When Suharto overthrew Sukarno, the President of Indonesia, following the failed coup of the 30 September Movement in 1965, the gangsters Anwar Congo and Adi Zulkadry in Medan (North Sumatra) were promoted from selling black market movie theatre tickets to leading the most notorious death squad in North Sumatra.
They also extorted ethnic Chinese locals, killing those who refused to pay.
Anwar personally killed approximately 1,000 people, usually by strangling with wire.
Today, Anwar is revered as a founding father of the right-wing paramilitary organization Pemuda Pancasila that grew out of the death squads.
The organization is so powerful that its leaders include government ministers, and they are happy to boast about everything from corruption and election rigging to clearing out peasants for land developers and genocide.
A regime was founded on crimes against humanity, yet has never been held accountable.
Invited by Oppenheimer, Anwar and his friends eagerly re-enact the killings for the cameras, and make dramatic scenes depicting their memories and feelings about the killings.
The scenes are produced in the style of their favorite film genres: gangster, western, and musical.
Various aspects of Anwar and his friends' filmmaking process are shown, but as they begin to dramatize Anwar's own nightmares, the fiction scenes begin to take over the film's form, leading the film to become increasingly surreal and nightmarish.
Oppenheimer has called the result "a documentary of the imagination".
While some of Anwar's friends realize that the killings were wrong, others worry about the consequences of the story on their public image.
Younger members of Pemuda Pancasila argue that they should boast about the horror of the massacres, because their terrifying and threatening force is the basis of their power today.
After Anwar plays a victim, he cannot continue.
He says that he feels what his victims have felt.
Oppenheimer, from behind the camera, points out that it was much worse for the victims, because they knew they were going to be killed, whereas Anwar was only acting.
Anwar then expresses doubts over whether he has sinned or not, tearfully saying he does not want the memories of what he did to come back to him.
He revisits the rooftop where he claims many of his killings took place, and gags repeatedly.
The dancers from the film's theatrical poster are seen before the credits begin to roll.