community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Godfather
Section: Box office performance

Question: In which year was 'The Godfather' the highest grossing film?

Box office performance.
"The Godfather" was a blockbuster, breaking many box office records to become the highest grossing film of 1972.
It earned $81.5 million in theatrical rentals in North America during its initial release, increasing its earnings to $85.7 million through a reissue in 1973, and including a limited re-release in 1997 it ultimately earned an equivalent exhibition gross of $135 million.
It displaced "Gone with the Wind" to claim the record as the top rentals earner, a position it would retain until the release of "Jaws" in 1975.
News articles at the time proclaimed it was the first film to gross $100 million in North America, but such accounts are erroneous since this record in fact belongs to "The Sound of Music", released in 1965.
The film repeated its native success overseas, earning in total an unprecedented $142 million in worldwide theatrical rentals, to become the highest net earner.
Profits were so high for "The Godfather" that earnings for Gulf & Western Industries, Inc., which owned Paramount Pictures, jumped from seventy-seven cents per share to three dollars and thirty cents a share for the year, according to a "Los Angeles Times" article, dated December 13, 1972.
To date, it has grossed between $245 and 286 million in international box office receipts, and adjusted for ticket price inflation in North America, ranks among the top 25 highest-grossing films.
Article: Romania
Section: Holidays

Question: Romania was declared independent from the Ottoman Empire by Kogalniceanu when?

Since 2013, there are 14 non-working holidays.
In Romanian language, the consecrate Christian holidays have untranslatable correspondents, such as "Rusalii" (Pentecost), "Dragobete" (Valentine's Day) and "Florii" (Palm Sunday).
Nowadays, the National Day of Romania, a legal non-working holiday, is December the 1st, celebrated by military marches and manifestations across the country.
It commemorates the 1918 assembly of the delegates of all ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia, when the Union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania was declared upon.
During the communist regime, the national day was August the 23rd, marking the 1944 royal coup d'état by King Michael I when he decided about the dismissal and arrest of general Ion Antonescu, Romanian Prime Minister and Leader of the State.
On the same day he ordered the immediate cessation of Romania's collaboration with the Axis Powers, the beginning of negotiations for an armistice with the Allies and a military cooperation with the Soviet Union.
A certain segment of Romanians, who support the reinstatement of the monarchy, prefers the date of May 10 to be the National Day, as it used to be between 1866–1947.
On May 9, 1877, prime minister Kogălniceanu proclaimed the Principality of Romania's independence from the Ottoman Empire, a status recognized by the European powers in the Treaty of Berlin in 1878.
Article: Andy Warhol
Section: Death

Question: What was the date and time of Warhol's death in New York City?

Warhol died in New York City at 6:32 am on February 22, 1987.
According to news reports, he had been making good recovery from a routine gallbladder surgery at New York Hospital before dying in his sleep from a sudden post-operative cardiac arrhythmia.
Prior to his diagnosis and operation, Warhol delayed having his recurring gallbladder problems checked, as he was afraid to enter hospitals and see doctors.
His family sued the hospital for inadequate care, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water intoxication.
The malpractice case was quickly settled out of court; Warhol's family received an undisclosed sum of money.
Warhol's body was taken back to Pittsburgh by his brothers for burial.
The wake was at Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home and was an open-coffin ceremony.
The coffin was a solid bronze casket with gold plated rails and white upholstery.
Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit, a paisley tie, a platinum wig, and sunglasses.
He was posed holding a small prayer book and a red rose.
The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church on Pittsburgh's North Side.
The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter Tay.
Yoko Ono and John Richardson were speakers.
The coffin was covered with white roses and asparagus ferns.
After the liturgy, the coffin was driven to St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, a south suburb of Pittsburgh.
At the grave, the priest said a brief prayer and sprinkled holy water on the casket.
Before the coffin was lowered, Paige Powell dropped a copy of "Interview" magazine, an "Interview" T-shirt, and a bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume "Beautiful" into the grave.
Warhol was buried next to his mother and father.
A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York.
Article: Grey's Anatomy
Section: Conception

Question: What year was the show Grey's Anatomy cancelled?

Shonda Rhimes, the series' creator, wanted to make a show that she would enjoy watching, and thought it would be interesting to create a show about "smart women competing against one another".
When asked how she decided to develop a medical drama, Rhimes responded: The series was pitched to the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), who gave the green light, and the show was picked up as a mid-season replacement for "Boston Legal" in the 2005 television season.
Francie Calfo, executive vice president of development at ABC Entertainment, commented that ABC was looking for a medical show that was unlike the others airing at the time.
She pointed out that “shows are hard, and it was hard trying to figure out where ours could be different.
But where everybody else is speeding up their medical shows, [Rhimes found a way to slow it down, so you get to know the characters.
There's definitely a strong female appeal to it.
"Rhimes initially conceived "Grey's Anatomy" as a statement against racism.
She endeavored to create a show that featured a racially diverse cast that allowed viewers to relate to characters regardless of race.
While creating characters, as well as writing the first script, the series' writers had no character descriptions in mind, and hoped to cast the best actor available for each part.
Rhimes has explained that if the network did not allow her to create characters this way, she would have been hesitant about moving forward with the series.
Female roles in particular were developed as multi-faceted characters.
Rhimes offered her insight on this: "I wanted to create a world in which you felt as if you were watching very real women.
Most of the women I saw on TV didn't seem like people I actually knew.
They felt like ideas of what women are.
They never got to be nasty or competitive or hungry or angry.
They were often just the loving wife or the nice friend.
But who gets to be the bitch?
Who gets to be the three-dimensional woman?
"The series debuted on March 25, 2005 and was scheduled to run in the "Boston Legal" time slot for four weeks.
However, high ratings and viewership led to it holding onto the slot for the remainder of the season.
ABC Entertainment President, Steve McPherson, commented on the scheduling change: "Ultimately we decided that, without having adequate lead time or marketing dollars to devote to moving either show so late in the season, we'd continue to let ["Grey's Anatomy"] build on its tremendous momentum through May."
The show's title, "Grey's Anatomy", was devised as a play on words: a reference to both Henry Gray's medical textbook, "Gray's Anatomy", and the title character Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo).
Prior to broadcast, it was announced that the show's title would change from "Grey's Anatomy" to "Complications", although ultimately this did not come to pass.
The show was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013.
Article: All Is Lost
Section: Release

Question: What year did All is Lost play during the Cannes Film Festival?

"All Is Lost" screened out of competition at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival on May 22.
The film was distributed theatrically by Lionsgate and by Roadside Attractions in the United States.
FilmNation Entertainment handled foreign sales for the film.
In February 2012, Universal Pictures purchased distribution of the film in select international territories (except for Germany, Austria, all Latin American countries, Canada, Québec, Japan, China, India, Pakistan, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and the Middle East).
It began a limited release in the United States on October 18, 2013.
Article: Amélie
Section: Home media

Question: What year did the movie "Amélie" come out?

The film has no overall worldwide distributor, but Blu-ray discs have been released in Canada and Australia.
The first release occurred in Canada in September 2008 by TVA Films.
This version did not contain any English subtitles and received criticisms regarding picture quality.
In November 2009, an Australian release occurred.
This time the version contained English subtitles and features no region coding.
Momentum Pictures released a Blu-ray in the UK on 17 October 2011.
The film is also available on HD on iTunes and other digital download services.
Article: The Shawshank Redemption
Section: Home media

Question: how many rental video copies did shawshank ship?

Despite its disappointing box office return, Warner Bros. shipped 320,000 rental video copies throughout the United States, and it became one of the top rented films of 1995.
The film's home viewing success was considered to be based on positive recommendations and repeat customers.
The film's Academy Award nominations enabled it to fare well in the video sales and cable TV viewings.
In June 1997, TNT, an American cable network, showed the film for the first time.
The film was the first feature in TNT's "Saturday Night New Classics".
A 2004 "Sunday Times" article suggested that TNT aired the film frequently from then on, about once every two months.
TV airings of the film accrued record breaking numbers.
Article: Looper (film)
Section: Abstract

Question: What is Looper?

Looper (film)Looper is a 2012 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Rian Johnson and starring Bruce Willis, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Emily Blunt.
In the film, time travel is invented by the year 2074 and, though immediately outlawed, is used by criminal organizations to send those they want killed into the past where they are killed by "loopers", assassins paid with silver bars strapped to their targets.
Joe, a looper, encounters himself when his older self is sent back in time to be killed.
"Looper" was selected as the opening film of the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival.
It was released to positive reviews in Australia on September 27, 2012, and in the US and the UK on September 28, 2012 by TriStar Pictures and FilmDistrict in the US, and Entertainment One in the UK.
Article: Rugby union
Section: Rugby within international tournaments

Question: When was the women's rugby sevens event introduced?

Rugby union was played at the Olympic Games in 1900, 1908, 1920 and 1924.
As per Olympic rules, the nations of Scotland, Wales and England were not allowed to play separately as they are not sovereign states.
In 1900, France won the gold, beating Great Britain 27 points to 8 and defeating Germany 27 points to 17.
In 1908, Australasia defeated Great Britain, claiming the gold medal, the score being 32 points to three.
In 1920, the United States, fielding a team with many players new to the sport of rugby, upset France in a shock win, eight points to zero.
In 1924, the United States again defeated France 17 to 3, becoming the only team to win gold twice in the sport.
In 2009 the International Olympic Committee voted with a majority of 81 to 8 that rugby union be reinstated as an Olympic sport in at least the 2016 and 2020 games, but in the sevens, 4-day tournament format.
This is something the rugby world has aspired to for a long time and Bernard Lapasset, president of the International Rugby Board, said the Olympic gold medal would be considered to be "the pinnacle of our sport" (Rugby Sevens).
Rugby sevens has been played at the Commonwealth Games since the 1998 Games in Kuala Lumpur.
The present gold medal holders are New Zealand who have won the competition on four successive occasions.
Rugby union has also been an Asian Games event since the 1998 games in Bangkok, Thailand.
In the 1998 and 2002 editions of the games, both the usual fifteen-a-side variety and rugby sevens were played, but from 2006 onwards, only rugby sevens was retained.
In 2010, the women's rugby sevens event was introduced.
The event is likely to remain a permanent fixture of the Asian Games due to elevation of rugby sevens as an Olympic sport from the 2016 Olympics onwards.
The present gold medal holders in the sevens tournament, held in 2010, are Japan in the male event and Kazakhstan in the women's.
Article: Marshall Plan
Section: Loans and Grants

Question: How much money did Ireland receive through the Marshall plan?

The Marshall plan, just as GARIOA, consisted of aid both in the form of grants and in the form of loans.
Out of the total, 1.2 billion USD were loan-aid.
Ireland which received 146.2 million USD through the Marshall plan, received 128.2 million USD as loans, and the remaining 18 million USD as grants.
By 1969 the Irish Marshal plan debt, which was still being repaid, amounted to 31 million pounds, out of a total Irish foreign debt of 50 million pounds.
The UK received 385 million USD of its Marshall plan aid in the form of loans.
Unconnected to the Marshall plan the UK also received direct loans from the US amounting to 4.6 billion USD.
The proportion of Marshall plan loans versus Marshall plan grants was roughly 15% to 85% for both the UK and France.
Germany, which up until the 1953 Debt agreement had to work on the assumption that all the Marshall plan aid was to be repaid, spent its funds very carefully.
Payment for Marshall plan goods, "counterpart funds", were administered by the Reconstruction Credit Institute, which used the funds for loans inside Germany.
In the 1953 Debt agreement the amount of Marshall plan aid that Germany was to repay was reduced to less than 1 billion USD.
This made the proportion of loans versus grants to Germany similar to that of France and the UK.
The final German loan repayment was made in 1971.
Since Germany chose to repay the aid debt out of the German Federal budget, leaving the German ERP fund intact, the fund was able to continue its reconstruction work.
By 1996 it had accumulated a value of 23 billion Deutsche Mark.
Article: Malaysia
Section: Biodiversity

Question: What is the reason for  the rise in the level of endemism in Borneo?

Malaysia signed the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity on 12 June 1993, and became a party to the convention on 24 June 1994.
It has subsequently produced a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, which was received by the convention on 16 April 1998.
The country is megadiverse with a high number of species and high levels of endemism.
It is estimated to contain 20 per cent of the world's animal species.
High levels of endemism are found on the diverse forests of Borneo's mountains, as species are isolated from each other by lowland forest.
Article: Chicken parmigiana
Section: Abstract

Question: How should chicken parmigiana be served?

Chicken parmigiana (also referred to as a "parmi" or "parma") is a chicken dish based on the Italian Parmigiana, and is regularly served in Australian pubs.
The meal consists of a breaded chicken breast, or chicken schnitzel, covered with a tomato-based neapolitan sauce and cheese.
In Australia the addition of a slice of ham or bacon makes up the parmigiana.
The dish is typically served with a side of chips and salad, although there is some dispute as to whether the chips should be served under or next to the chicken.
Size is considered to be a major part of the chicken parmigiana, and increased competition has led to a greater focus on the size of the meal.
Some restaurants hold competitions with prizes for people who successfully finish a large chicken parmigiana, such as the "Parmageddon" which was held in an Adelaide Hills pub.
The popularity of the chicken parmigiana led to a specialised chicken parmigiana restaurant opening in Melbourne, and the chicken parmigiana is the subject of reviews on dedicated websites which compare the dish as purchased from various pubs within a region.
Other meals have also taken on the chicken parmigiana theme, including pies and Subway sandwiches.
Article: Space Race
Section: Apollo 11

Question: What was the exact time and date of lift off for the Saturn V rocket?

1969 saw the final leg of the Moon Race, with the United States leading it after the flight of Apollo 8.
Unbeknownst to the Americans, the Soviet moon program was in deep trouble.
Without the N-1 rocket, the USSR had no way to land on the Moon.
The next two Apollo missions proved that the Lunar Module worked well, both in low-Earth orbit and in lunar orbit.
It was time to proceed to an actual landing mission.
Under this backdrop, Apollo 11 was being prepared for a July encounter with the Moon.
The Apollo 11 crew consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, command module pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and lunar module pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin.
They were selected as the crew in January 1969, and they trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day.
On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket – serial number SA-506 – lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida with Apollo 11 on board.
The lunar trip took just over three days.
After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named "Eagle", and began their descent.
After overcoming several computer malfunctions, Armstrong took over manual flight-control at about , and guided the Lunar Module to a landing on the Moon's Sea of Tranquility at 4:17 pm EDT, July 20, 1969.
The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft.
At 10:56:15 pm EDT, Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.
The first step was witnessed by at least 500 million TV viewers on Earth.
His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing pad were, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."
Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later.
Altogether, they spent just under two and one-quarter hours outside their craft.
The next day, they performed the first launch from another celestial body, and rendezvoused with the "Columbia" Command Module.
Apollo 11 safely left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969.
When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy committed the United States to landing a man on the Moon and bringing him back safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with just 161 days to spare.
With the safe completion of the Apollo 11 mission, the Americans won the race to the Moon.
This was followed by successful lunar landings on Apollo 12 (November 1969), Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972).
One lunar landing attempt, Apollo 13 (April 1970), was unsuccessful, but the crew returned safely.
Article: Great Depression
Section: Japan

Question: What was the most prominent negative result of deficit spending?

The Great Depression did not strongly affect Japan.
The Japanese economy shrank by 8% during 1929–31.
Japan's Finance Minister Takahashi Korekiyo was the first to implement what have come to be identified as Keynesian economic policies: first, by large fiscal stimulus involving deficit spending; and second, by devaluing the currency.
Takahashi used the Bank of Japan to sterilize the deficit spending and minimize resulting inflationary pressures.
Econometric studies have identified the fiscal stimulus as especially effective.
The devaluation of the currency had an immediate effect.
Japanese textiles began to displace British textiles in export markets.
The deficit spending proved to be most profound.
The deficit spending went into the purchase of munitions for the armed forces.
By 1933, Japan was already out of the depression.
By 1934, Takahashi realized that the economy was in danger of overheating, and to avoid inflation, moved to reduce the deficit spending that went towards armaments and munitions.
This resulted in a strong and swift negative reaction from nationalists, especially those in the army, culminating in his assassination in the course of the February 26 Incident.
This had a chilling effect on all civilian bureaucrats in the Japanese government.
From 1934, the military's dominance of the government continued to grow.
Instead of reducing deficit spending, the government introduced price controls and rationing schemes that reduced, but did not eliminate inflation, which would remain a problem until the end of World War II.
The deficit spending had a transformative effect on Japan.
Japan's industrial production doubled during the 1930s.
Further, in 1929 the list of the largest firms in Japan was dominated by light industries, especially textile companies (many of Japan's automakers, like Toyota, have their roots in the textile industry).
By 1940 light industry had been displaced by heavy industry as the largest firms inside the Japanese economy.
Article: Pudding
Section: Creamy puddings

Question: Why can instant puddings be prepared quickly?

The second and newer type of pudding consists of sugar, milk, and a thickening agent such as cornstarch, gelatin, eggs, rice or tapioca to create a sweet, creamy dessert.
These puddings are made either by simmering on top of the stove in a saucepan or double boiler or by baking in an oven, often in a bain-marie.
These puddings are easily scorched on the fire, which is why a double boiler is often used; microwave ovens are also now often used to avoid this problem and to reduce stirring.
Creamy puddings are typically served chilled, but a few, such as zabaglione and rice pudding, may be served warm.
Instant puddings do not require boiling and can therefore be prepared more quickly.
This pudding terminology is common in North America and some European countries such as the Netherlands, whilst in Britain egg-thickened puddings are considered custards and starch-thickened puddings called blancmange.
Article: DNA
Section: Genetic engineering

Question: What are GMOs used for?

Uses in technology.
Genetic engineering.
Methods have been developed to purify DNA from organisms, such as phenol-chloroform extraction, and to manipulate it in the laboratory, such as restriction digests and the polymerase chain reaction.
Modern biology and biochemistry make intensive use of these techniques in recombinant DNA technology.
Recombinant DNA is a man-made DNA sequence that has been assembled from other DNA sequences.
They can be transformed into organisms in the form of plasmids or in the appropriate format, by using a viral vector.
The genetically modified organisms produced can be used to produce products such as recombinant proteins, used in medical research, or be grown in agriculture.