community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Cold War
Section: East Europe breaks away

Question: Which Communist governments became the first to negotiate organizing of competitive elections?

By 1989, the Soviet alliance system was on the brink of collapse, and, deprived of Soviet military support, the Communist leaders of the Warsaw Pact states were losing power.
Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases.
In 1989, the Communist governments in Poland and Hungary became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections.
In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders.
The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising.
Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed.
The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe.
The 1989 revolutionary wave swept across Central and Eastern Europe peacefully overthrew all the Soviet-style communist states: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria, Romania was the only Eastern-bloc country to topple its communist regime violently and execute its head of state.
Article: Universal Studios Hollywood
Section: Public transportation

Question: Between which hours does the Subway line run daily?

Universal Studios Hollywood can easily be accessed by public transportation.
The Metro Red line subway train runs between Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles, Westlake, Koreatown, Los Angeles, East Hollywood, and Hollywood.
The subway line runs daily between the hours of 4:55 a.m. and 12:35 a.m.
The last Metro Red Line train to Downtown Los Angeles departs the Universal City station at 12:58 a.m. on Mondays-Thursdays and Sunday/Holidays.
On Fridays and Saturdays, the last Metro Red Line train to Downtown Los Angeles departs the station at 2:00 a.m.
Passengers can also arrive at the entrance of the theme park entrance by several Metro bus routes.
Metro Local lines: 150, 155, 224,240, and Metro Rapid line: 750 stop at Lankershim Blvd & Universal Center Drive (front entrance).
Metro local line: 165 and Metro Shuttle Line: 656 Owl stop farther away from the entrance at Ventura Blvd.
& Lankershim blvd.
Passengers will need to walk north on Lankershim blvd and turn right on Universal Center drive.
There is an additional stop further south at Cahuenga / Universal Studios Blvd served both by these lines.
This stop is leads directly towards citywalk and the entrance to the theme park.
At the front entrance (Universal Center Dr. & Lankershim Blvd), there is a free shuttle tram which directly takes the passengers directly towards the theme park entrance.
The shuttle time varies between days but it typically runs between: 7:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m. and later on Fridays and Saturdays.
Article: Despicable Me
Section: Box office

Question: In what year was "Despicable Me" released in the US?

Released on July 9, 2010, in the United States, "Despicable Me" opened at the number one spot at the box office and pulled in $56.3 million, making it the third biggest opening grossing for an animated film in 2010 behind "Toy Story 3" and "Shrek Forever After".
In its second weekend, the film dipped 42% to second place behind "Inception" with $32.8 million earned.
The film then had another drop of 27% in its third weekend and finished in third place with $23.8 million.
On August 5, 2010, the film crossed the $200 million mark, becoming the first Universal film to reach the milestone since 2007's "The Bourne Ultimatum".
On the weekend lasting from September 3–5, 2010, it surpassed "Shrek Forever After" to become the second highest-grossing animated film of 2010 in the United States and Canada, behind "Toy Story 3".
It was also the highest-grossing non-DreamWorks/non-Disney·Pixar animated film of all time in these territories, since overtaken by its sequel.
The film has made $251,513,985 in the United States and Canada as well as an estimated $291,600,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $543,010,705, against its $69 million budget.
This film is also Universal's sixth highest-grossing film (unadjusted for inflation) and the tenth-highest-grossing animated feature of all-time in North America.
In worldwide earnings, it is the sixth biggest film of Universal Studios, the fourth highest-grossing animated film of 2010 trailing "Toy Story 3", "Shrek Forever After", and "Tangled", the 25th highest-grossing animated film of all time and the 9th highest-grossing film of 2010.
Article: Battle of Red Cliffs
Section: Aftermath

Question: How does the Batte of Red Cliffs explain the event in history in southern China?

By the end of 209, the post Cao Cao had established at Jiangling fell to Zhou Yu.
The borders of the land under Cao Cao's control contracted about , to the area around Xiangyang .
Liu Bei, on the other hand, had gained territory by taking over the four commanderies (Wuling, Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang) south of the Yangtze River.
Sun Quan's troops had suffered far greater casualties than Liu Bei's in the extended conflict against Cao Ren following the Battle of Red Cliffs , and the death of Zhou Yu in 210 resulted in a drastic weakening of Sun Quan's strength in Jing Province .
Liu Bei also occupied Jing Province that Cao Cao had recently lost — a strategic and naturally fortified area on the Yangtze River that Sun Quan claimed for himself.
The control of Jing Province provided Liu Bei with virtually unlimited access to the passage into Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) and important waterways into Wu (southeastern China), as well as dominion of the southern Yangtze River.
Never again would Cao Cao command so large a fleet as he had at Jiangling, nor would a similar opportunity to destroy his southern rivals present itself again .
The Battle of Red Cliffs and the capture of Jing Province by Liu Bei confirmed the separation of southern China from the northern heartland of the Yellow River valley, and also foreshadowed a north-south axis of hostility which would resonate for centuries .
Article: Volleyball
Section: Team play

Question: What screening is most common and has a W formation?

Volleyball is essentially a game of transition from one of the above skills to the next, with choreographed team movement between plays on the ball.
These team movements are determined by the teams chosen serve receive system, offensive system, coverage system, and defensive system.
The serve receive system is the formation used by the receiving team to attempt to pass the ball to the designated setter.
Systems can consist of 5 receivers, 4 receivers, 3 receivers, and in some cases 2 receivers.
The most popular formation at higher levels is a 3 receiver formation consisting of two left sides and a libero receiving every rotation.
This allows middles and right sides to become more specialized at hitting and blocking.
Offensive systems are the formations used by the offense to attempt to ground the ball into the opposing court (or otherwise score points).
Formations often include designated player positions with skill specialization (see "Player specialization", below).
Popular formations include the 4-2, 6-2, and 5-1 systems (see "Formations", below).
There are also several different attacking schemes teams can use to keep the opposing defense off balance.
Coverage systems are the formations used by the offense to protect their court in the case of a blocked attack.
Executed by the 5 offensive players not directly attacking the ball, players move to assigned positions around the attacker to dig up any ball that deflects off the block back into their own court.
Popular formations include the 2-3 system and the 1-2-2 system.
In lieu of a system, some teams just use a random coverage with the players nearest the hitter.
Defensive systems are the formations used by the defense to protect against the ball being grounded into their court by the opposing team.
The system will outline which players are responsible for which areas of the court depending on where the opposing team is attacking from.
Popular systems include the 6-Up, 6-Back-Deep, and 6-Back-Slide defense.
There are also several different blocking schemes teams can employ to disrupt the opposing teams offense.
Some teams, when they are ready to serve, will line up their other five players in a screen to obscure the view of the receiving team.
This action is only illegal if the server makes use of the screen, so the call is made at the referees discretion as to the impact the screen made on the receivers ability to pass the ball.
The most common style of screening involves a W formation designed to take up as much horizontal space as possible.
Article: Poutine
Section: Recipe

Question: What could be added to maintain the quality of the fries?

In the basic recipe for poutine, French fries are covered with fresh cheese curds, and topped with brown gravy.
In a Quebec poutine:
"Fries": Usually of medium thickness, and fried (sometimes doubly) so that the inside stays soft, while the outside is crispy.
"Cheese curds": Fresh cheese curds are used to give the desired texture.
The curd size may vary but is usually slightly smaller than bite-sized.
"Gravy": Traditionally a light and thin chicken, veal, or turkey gravy, mildly spiced with a hint of pepper, or a "sauce brune" which is a combination of beef and chicken stock, a variant originating in Quebec.
The gravy should be thin enough to easily filter down into the mass of fries and cheese curds.
These sauces typically also contain vinegar or a sour flavouring to balance the richness of the cheese and fries.
Traditional poutine sauces ("mélange à sauce poutine") are sold in Quebec, Ontario, and Maritime grocery stores in jars or cans and in powdered mix packets.
Recently, some stores have begun to offer vegetarian gravy as an option to cater to ovolactovegetarians.
Heavy beef or pork-based brown gravies are rarely used.
To maintain the texture of the fries, the cheese curd and gravy are added immediately prior to serving the dish.
The hot gravy is usually poured over the cold cheese curds, so that the cheese is warmed without completely melting.
It is important to control the temperature, timing and the order in which the ingredients are added, so as to obtain the right food textures which is an essential part of the experience of eating poutine.
Article: Global warming
Section: Food security

Question: By what year will the global population be double ?

Under present trends, by 2030, maize production in Southern Africa could decrease by up to 30%, while rice, millet and maize in South Asia could decrease by up to 10%.
By 2080, yields in developing countries could decrease by 10% to 25% on average while India could see a drop of 30% to 40%.
By 2100, while the population of three billion is expected to double, rice and maize yields in the tropics are expected to decrease by 20–40% because of higher temperatures without accounting for the decrease in yields as a result of soil moisture and water supplies stressed by rising temperatures.
Future warming of around (by 2100, relative to 1990–2000) could result in increased crop yields in mid- and high-latitude areas, but in low-latitude areas, yields could decline, increasing the risk of malnutrition.
A similar regional pattern of net benefits and costs could occur for economic (market-sector) effects.
Warming above could result in crop yields falling in temperate regions, leading to a reduction in global food production.
Article: Vietnam War
Section: Vietnamese women

Question: Madame Nhu was commander of what during Diem's presidency?

Unlike the American women who went to Vietnam, North Vietnamese women were enlisted and fought in the combat zone as well as provided manual labor to keep the Ho Chi Minh trail open, cook for the troops, and some served as "comfort women" for male communist fighters.
They also worked in the rice fields in North Vietnam and Viet Cong-held farming areas in South Vietnam's Mekong Delta region to provide food for their families and the war effort.
Women were enlisted in both the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and the Viet Cong guerrilla insurgent force in South Vietnam.
Some women also served for the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong intelligence services.
In South Vietnam, many women voluntarily serve in the ARVN's Women's Armed Force Corps (WAFC) and various other Women's corps in the military.
Some, like in the WAFC, fought in combat with other soldiers.
Others have served as nurses and doctors in the battlefield and in military hospitals, or served in South Vietnam or America's intelligence agencies.
During Diệm's presidency, Madame Nhu was the commander of the WAFC.
Article: All I Want for Christmas Is You
Section: Remixes, Extra Festive, and Superfestive versions

Question: When was the song all I want for Christmas first released?

When the song was first released as a single in 1994, no remixes were commissioned.
Carey re-released the song commercially in Japan in 2000, with a new remix known as the So So Def remix.
The remix contains new vocals and is played over a harder, more urban beat; it features raps by Jermaine Dupri and Bow Wow.
The remix appears on Carey's compilation album "Greatest Hits" (2001) as a bonus track.
In 2009, a remix produced by Carey and Low Sunday, called "Mariah's New Dance Mix", was released.
The mix laid the original 1994 vocals over new electronic instrumentation.
The remix garnered a positive response.
MTV's Kyle Anderson wrote that "it's difficult to improve perfection," but that the remix "does dress up the song in a disco thump that should make your office Christmas party 28 percent funkier than it was last year."
Idolator's Becky Bain praised the song's catchiness.
In 2010, Carey re-recorded the song for her thirteenth studio and second holiday album, "Merry Christmas II You".
Titled "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Extra Festive)", the new version featured re-recorded vocals, softer bell ringing and stronger drumming, and an orchestral introduction that replaced the a capella introduction.
Steven J. Horowitz from "Rap-Up" wrote that the new version "sound just as enjoyable as it did in 1994."
While the song was praised, it drew criticism for being too similar to the original.
Thomas Connor from the "Chicago Sun-Times" wrote that the new version "just seems to add a few brassy backup singers to the exact same arrangement."
Caryn Ganz from "Rolling Stone" agreed, writing that it was "hard to figure out what's 'extra festive'" about the new version.
Dan Hancox, editor of "The National", also felt the new version was unnecessary.
In 2011, pop singer Justin Bieber also recorded a version of the song as a duet with Carey, titled "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Superfestive!
)", on his holiday album, "Under the Mistletoe".
The accompanying music video for the duet was filmed in Macy's department store in New York, and features Bieber shopping with his friends whilst Carey poses on a staging area next to a Christmas tree and gifts.
The two rejoice at the end by sitting in a sleigh with a crowd of young customers handing out gifts to everyone.
Article: Japan
Section: Languages

Question: How many people speak Japanese as a first language in Japan?

More than 99 percent of the population speaks Japanese as their first language.
Japanese is an agglutinative language distinguished by a system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary indicating the relative status of speaker and listener.
Japanese writing uses kanji (Chinese characters) and two sets of kana (syllabaries based on simplified Chinese characters), as well as the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals.
Besides Japanese, the Ryukyuan languages (Amami, Kunigami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama, Yonaguni), also part of the Japonic language family, are spoken in the Ryukyu Islands chain.
Few children learn these languages, but in recent years the local governments have sought to increase awareness of the traditional languages.
The Okinawan Japanese dialect is also spoken in the region.
The Ainu language, which has no proven relationship to Japanese or any other language, is moribund, with only a few elderly native speakers remaining in Hokkaido.
Most public and private schools require students to take courses in both Japanese and English.
Article: Amélie
Section: Critical response

Question: What did Serge Kagnaski have against the film?

Alan Morrison from "Empire" Online gave "Amélie" five stars and called it "one of the year’s best, with crossover potential along the lines of "Cyrano De Bergerac" and "Il Postino".
Given its quirky heart, it might well surpass them all.
"Paul Tatara from CNN Reviewer praised "Amélie"s playful nature.
In his review, he wrote, "Its whimsical, free-ranging nature is often enchanting; the first hour, in particular, is brimming with amiable, sardonic laughs.
"The film was attacked by critic Serge Kaganski of "Les Inrockuptibles" for an unrealistic and picturesque vision of a bygone French society with few ethnic minorities.
Jeunet dismissed the criticism by pointing out that the photo collection contains pictures of people from numerous ethnic backgrounds, and that Jamel Debbouze, who plays Lucien, is of Moroccan descent.
Article: Pathology
Section: History

Question: Where can you trace the history of pathology back to?

The history of pathology can be traced back to antiquity when people began examining bodies.
The examination of bodies led to the dissection of bodies in order to discover the cause of death.
During that time, the people already began formulating today what we know as inflammation, tumors, boils, and much more.
Pathology began to develop as a subject during the 19th Century through teachers and physicians that studied pathology.
They referred to it as “pathological anatomy” or “morbid anatomy.” However, pathology as a field of medicine was not recognized until the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
In the 19th century, physicians realized that disease-causing pathogens, or germs (disease-causing, or pathogenic, microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, amoebae, molds, protists, and prions) existed and were capable of reproduction and multiplication, and that evil spirits or humors, or even the signs and symptoms of the condition, were not the causative agent of a disease.
Through the new information gathered regarding germ reproduction, physicians began to compare the characteristics of one germ’s symptoms as they developed within an affected individual to another germ’s characteristics and symptoms.
This realization led to the foundational understanding that diseases are able to create themselves, and that they can affect human beings in unique ways.
In order to determine causes of diseases, medical experts used the most common and widely accepted assumptions or symptoms of their times.
This is true for those in the past and today.
What set pathology apart from other specialties was the ability to determine a symptom with the naked eye.
During the 19th century, Rudolf Virchow gave the biggest contribution to the field by introducing the procedure of analyzing tissue and cells through a microscope to pathologists.
This greatly affected the discipline because it was another way to analyze objects, and it led to more advanced technological developments.
By the late 1920s to early 1930s pathology was deemed a medical specialty.
During the years following, the decision to split pathology into sub-specialties arose.
Today, anatomical, clinical, molecular, forensic, oral, dermatopathology, hematopathology, and neuropathology exist as medical specialties.
Today, pathologists are physicians who are diagnosing patients with diseases through examination of biopsies and resections.
Their work also includes working with other physicians and scientists on solutions to treat diseases such as various kinds of cancers.
Article: It Will Rain
Section: Credits and personnel

Question: Who mastered the song "It will Rain" by Ari Levine, Bruno Mars, and Philip Lawrence?

 Recording
Engineered at: Levcon Studios in Los Angeles, California; mixed at Larrabee Sound Studios in North Hollywood, California.
Personnel
Songwriting – Ari Levine, Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence 
Production – The Smeezingtons
Engineer – Ari Levine
Arrangement by (string arrangement)– Phredley Brown
Mixing – Manny Marroquin 
 Mixed By (assisted by)– Chris Galland, Erik Madrid
Mastering – David Kutch 
Bass– Oscar Hidalgo
Conductor– Suzie Katayama
Viola– Andrew Duckles
Violin– Charlie Bisharat, Josefina Vergara
Article: Hamburger
Section: Variations

Question: Can you use tofu as a burger replacement?

Burgers can also be made with patties made from ingredients other than beef.
For example, a "turkey burger" uses ground turkey meat, a "chicken burger" uses ground chicken meat.
A "buffalo burger" uses ground meat from a bison, and an "ostrich burger" is made from ground seasoned ostrich meat.
A deer burger uses ground venison from deer.
A "veggie burger", "garden burger", or "tofu burger" uses a meat analogue, a meat substitute such as tofu, TVP, seitan (wheat gluten), quorn, beans, grains or an assortment of vegetables, ground up and mashed into patties.
Article: Fruitvale Station
Section: Plot

Question: What is the name of Oscar's daughter?

The film tells the story of Oscar Grant III, a 22-year-old from Hayward, California and his experiences on the last day of his life, before he was fatally shot by BART Police in the early morning hours of New Year's Day 2009.
The story begins with Oscar and his girlfriend Sophina dropping off their daughter Tatiana at day care.
Oscar stops by his old job at the deli counter of a grocery store from which he had been fired two weeks prior.
He discards his stash of marijuana in an effort to get on a good path, and then attends his mother's birthday party.
She encourages him to take BART to the festivities in San Francisco, which Oscar and his friends do.
The train to the festivities is stalled temporarily, but Oscar and his friends turn the train into a party scene.
On the return train, a customer from the grocery store recognizes Oscar and calls out his name, which leads him to be identified by a former fellow inmate, leading to a scuffle.
The police pull Oscar and his friends off the train, and one of the officers shoots Oscar in the back while Oscar is being held down.
Oscar's friends are released and they convene with Oscar's mother and girlfriend at the hospital, where they are told that he has died.
Sophina picks up Tatiana from Sophina's sister's house where she spent the night, and the movie ends as Tatiana asks where her father is.
Article: Vitruvian Man
Section: Abstract

Question: In The Vitruvian Man, on whose work was Leonardo's notes based upon?

The Vitruvian Man, , is a drawing created by Leonardo da Vinci circa 1490.
It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the architect Vitruvius.
The drawing, which is in pen and ink on paper, depicts a male figure in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and simultaneously inscribed in a circle and square.
The drawing and text are sometimes called the "Canon of Proportions" or, less often, "Proportions of Man".
It is kept in the Gabinetto dei disegni e stampe of the Gallerie dell'Accademia, in Venice, Italy, under reference 228.
Like most works on paper, it is displayed to the public only occasionally.
The drawing is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise "De Architectura".
Vitruvius described the human figure as being the principal source of proportion among the Classical orders of architecture.
Vitruvius determined that the ideal body should be eight heads high.
Leonardo's drawing is traditionally named in honor of the architect.