community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Viva la Vida
Section: Release and promotion

Question: When was Viva La Vida released on Itunes?

"Viva la Vida" was initially released only with iTunes Store pre-orders of "Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends" on 7 May 2008 – the "new edit" version of the song – which led to the song's temporary exclusion from the UK Singles Chart.
It was released as a download-only single on 25 May 2008, and a physical CD single in Europe on 29 July 2008 to coincide with the release of the single's music videos.
"Viva la Vida" was well-downloaded in the internet, becoming iTunes' best-selling song of 2008.
From 24 December 2008 to 5 January 2009 an official remix of the song by producer Stuart Price, named the "Thin White Duke Mix", was given away for free as a Christmas gift via the band's website.
The song was used as part of Apple Inc.'s iPod + iTunes advertisement campaign.
Coldplay performed the song live for the first time at the 2008 MTV Movie Awards.
It has since gone on to make many media appearances, including being featured throughout the episode from the paranormal drama "Medium", as a song played on the radio in the episode "We're Not in Kansas Anymore" from the teen drama "90210", used as bumper music on Bill Bennett's "Morning in America" radio talk show, and on the international soundtrack to the Brazilian soap opera "A Favorita" which helped push "Viva la Vida" up the charts in Brazil, where the telenovela been shown.
"Viva la Vida" was the entrance music for Birmingham City Football Club during the 2009–2010 season, but was quickly dropped after negative response by the supporters.
In 2009, Solange Knowles covered the song.
Lady Gaga also covered the song for BBC Radio 1.
A live version of the song appeared on Coldplay's 2009 live album "LeftRightLeftRightLeft".
Pet Shop Boys also performed the song live on their 2009 Pandemonium Tour and the song appeared on their Christmas EP.
It was also used in an episode entitled "Million Dollar Maybe" of "The Simpsons".
The song was covered in the seventh series of "The X Factor" by the boyband One Direction in 2010.
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Universal's Super Star Shuttle

Question: What runs through Mears Transportation?

The vicinity of Universal Orlando consists of several hotels and a major airport all located within 20 minutes of the resort.
Universal's Super Star Shuttle service is broken into two main routes.
One provides transportation to all thirty Universal Partner hotels while the newest route will begin service to Orlando International Airport in late 2012.
Universal's Super Star Shuttle also provides transportation between Universal Orlando, SeaWorld, and Wet 'n Wild.
The service is free for Universal Parks & Resorts Vacations Guests and onsite hotel guests.
The new airport route is expected to initially only be offered for onsite hotel guests.
The Super Star Shuttle is run through Mears Transportation.
Article: Falling Skies
Section: Recurring cast

Question: Who played Uncle Scott in season 1?

 Dale Dye as Colonel/General Jim Porter (season 1–3)
 Megan Danso as Deni (season 3 onwards)
 Bruce Gray as Uncle Scott (season 1)
 Martin Roach as Mike Thompson (season 1)
 Lynne Deragon as Kate Gordon (season 1)
 Melissa Kramer as Sarah (season 1)
 Steven Weber as Dr. Michael Harris (season 1)
 Dylan Authors as Jimmy Boland (seasons 1–2)
 Daniyah Ysrail as Rick Thompson (seasons 1-2)
 Ryan Robbins as Tector Murphy, one of the Berserkers (season 2 onwards)
 Luciana Carro as Crazy Lee, one of the Berserkers (seasons 2–3)
 Brad Kelly as Lyle, one of the Berserkers (season 2 onwards)
 Billy Wickman as Boon, one of the Berserkers (season 2)
 Terry O'Quinn as Arthur Manchester (season 2–3)
 Matt Frewer as General Bressler (seasons 2–3)
 Laci J Mailey as Jeanne Weaver (season 2 onwards)
 Brandon Jay McLaren as Jamil Dexter (season 2)
 Gloria Reuben as Marina Peralta (season 3 onwards)
 Robert Sean Leonard as Dr. Roger Kadar (season 3 onwards)
Article: Water polo
Section: Defense

Question: Are defensive and offensive positions similar or different?

Defensive positions are often the same positionally, but just switched from offense to defense.
For example, the centre forward or hole set, who directs the attack on offense, on defense is known as "hole D" (also known as set guard, hole guard, hole check, pit defense or two-meter defense), and guards the opposing team's center forward (also called the hole).
Defense can be played man-to-man or in zones, such as a 2–4 (four defenders along the goal line).
It can also be played as a combination of the two in what is known as an "M drop" defense, in which the point defender moves away ("sloughs off") his man into a zone in order to better defend the center position.
In this defense, the two wing defenders split the area furthest from the goal, allowing them a clearer lane for the counter-attack if their team recovers the ball.
Article: The Lion King
Section: Abstract

Question: What year did The Lion King come out?

The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.
It is the 32nd animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.
The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa, and was influenced by the biblical tales of Joseph and Moses and the Shakespeare play "Hamlet".
The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance.
"The Lion King" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts and Linda Woolverton.
The film features a large ensemble voice cast led by Matthew Broderick, Jeremy Irons, James Earl Jones, Jonathan Taylor Thomas and Moira Kelly.
It tells the story of Simba, a young lion who is to succeed his father, Mufasa, as king; however, after Simba's uncle Scar murders Mufasa, Simba is fooled into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile in shame and despair.
Upon maturation living with two wastrels, Simba is given some valuable perspective from his friend, Nala, and his shaman, Rafiki, before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny.
Development of "The Lion King" began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider while promoting "Oliver & Company" in Europe.
Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment, and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director, being later joined by Allers.
Production began in 1991, with most of the animators inexperienced or uninterested in animals as most of the Disney team wanted to work on "Pocahontas" instead.
Some time after the staff traveled to Hell's Gate National Park to research on the film's setting and animals, Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical, and was replaced by Minkoff.
When Hahn joined the project, he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten.
Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences took place at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida.
Computer animation was also used in several scenes, most notably in the wildebeest stampede scene.
"The Lion King" was released on June 15, 1994 to a positive reaction from critics, who praised the film for its music and story.
Following a 3D re-release in 2011, with earnings of over US$987 million worldwide as of 2011, the film is the highest-grossing hand-drawn film in history, the highest-grossing 2D animated film in the United States and the 19th-highest-grossing feature film of all time.
"The Lion King" garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Its songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with an original score by Hans Zimmer.
The film lead to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation, two direct-to-video follow-ups - sequel "" (1998) and the prequel/parallel "The Lion King 1½" (2004) - and spin-off series "Timon and Pumbaa".
Article: Great Wall of China
Section: Early walls

Question: Which year did Qin Shi Huang unify China?

Early walls.
The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring and Autumn period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.
During this time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders.
Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.
Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty.
Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the former state borders.
To position the empire against the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier.
Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources.
Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains.
There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls.
Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today.
The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands,if not up to a million, workers died building the Qin wall.
Later, the Han, Sui, and the Northern dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders.
The Tang and Song Dynasties did not build any walls in the region substantially.
The Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, who ruled Northern China throughout most of the 10th–13th centuries, constructed defensive walls in the 12th century, but those were located much to the north of the Great Wall as we know it, within today's Inner and Outer Mongolia.
Article: Protestant Reformation
Section: Puritan movement

Question: What was the Pilgrims' stance on Christmas?

The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarised the Elizabethan Age, although it was not until the '40s that England underwent religious strife comparable to what its neighbours had suffered some generations before.
The early "Puritan movement" (late 16th–17th centuries) was Reformed or Calvinist and was a movement for reform in the Church of England.
Its origins lay in the discontent with the Elizabethan Religious Settlement.
The desire was for the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches of Europe, especially Geneva.
The Puritans objected to ornaments and ritual in the churches as idolatrous (vestments, surplices, organs, genuflection), which they castigated as "popish pomp and rags".
(See Vestments controversy.)
They also objected to ecclesiastical courts.
They refused to endorse completely all of the ritual directions and formulas of the "Book of Common Prayer"; the imposition of its liturgical order by legal force and inspection sharpened Puritanism into a definite opposition movement.
The later Puritan movement were often referred to as dissenters and nonconformists and eventually led to the formation of various reformed denominations.
The most famous and well-known emigration to America was the migration of the Puritan separatists from the Anglican Church of England, who fled first to Holland, and then later to America, to establish the English colony of Massachusetts in New England, which later became one of the original United States.
These Puritan separatists were also known as "the Pilgrims".
After establishing a colony at Plymouth (which became part of the colony of Massachusetts) in 1620, the Puritan pilgrims received a charter from the King of England that legitimised their colony, allowing them to do trade and commerce with merchants in England, in accordance with the principles of mercantilism.
This successful, though initially quite difficult, colony marked the beginning of the Protestant presence in America (the earlier French, Spanish and Portuguese settlements had been Roman Catholic), and became a kind of oasis of spiritual and economic freedom, to which persecuted Protestants and other minorities from the British Isles and Europe (and later, from all over the world) fled to for peace, freedom and opportunity.
The Pilgrims of New England disapproved of Christmas and celebration was outlawed in Boston from 1659 to 1681.
The ban was revoked in 1681 by Sir Edmund Andros, who also revoked a Puritan ban against festivities on Saturday night.
Despite the removal of the ban, it wouldn't be until the middle of the 19th century that Christmas would become a popular holiday in the Boston region.
The original intent of the colonists was to establish spiritual Puritanism, which had been denied to them in England and the rest of Europe, to engage in peaceful commerce with England and the native American Indians, and to Christianize the peoples of the Americas.
Article: Toy Story
Section: Soundtrack

Question: The Toy Story soundtrack was produced by who?

The soundtrack for "Toy Story" was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film's release.
Scored and written by Randy Newman, the soundtrack has received praise for its "sprightly, stirring score".
Despite the album's critical success, the soundtrack only peaked at number 94 on the "Billboard" 200 album chart.
A cassette and CD single release of "You've Got a Friend in Me" was released on April 12, 1996, in order to promote the soundtrack's release.
The soundtrack was remastered in 2006 and although it is no longer available physically, the album is available for purchase digitally in retailers such as iTunes.
Tracklisting
Charts
Article: Cold War
Section: Chinese Civil War and SEATO

Question: how long ago did the Liberation Army defeat the KMT

In 1949, Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army defeated Chiang Kai-shek's United States-backed Kuomintang (KMT) Nationalist Government in China, and the Soviet Union promptly created an alliance with the newly formed People's Republic of China.
According to Norwegian historian Odd Arne Westad, the Communists won the Civil War because they made fewer military mistakes than Chiang Kai-Shek, and because in his search for a powerful centralized government, Chiang antagonized too many interest groups in China.
Moreover, his party was weakened in the war against Japanese.
Meanwhile the Communists told different groups, such as peasants, exactly what they wanted to hear, and cloaked themselves in the cover of Chinese nationalism.
Chiang and his KMT government retreated to the island of Taiwan.
Confronted with the communist revolution in China and the end of the American atomic monopoly in 1949, the Truman administration quickly moved to escalate and expand the containment policy.
In NSC-68, a secret 1950 document, the National Security Council proposed to reinforce pro-Western alliance systems and quadruple spending on defense.
United States officials moved thereafter to expand containment into Asia, Africa, and Latin America, in order to counter revolutionary nationalist movements, often led by communist parties financed by the USSR, fighting against the restoration of Europe's colonial empires in South-East Asia and elsewhere.
In the early 1950s (a period sometimes known as the "Pactomania"), the US formalized a series of alliances with Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and the Philippines (notably ANZUS in 1951 and SEATO in 1954), thereby guaranteeing the United States a number of long-term military bases.
Article: Doughnut
Section: Germany

Question: Whats the difference between a "Berliner" and "Kamerunner"?

In parts of Germany, the doughnut equivalents are called "Berliner" (sg.
and pl.
), but not in the capital city of Berlin itself and neighboring areas, where they are called "Pfannkuchen" (which is often found misleading by people in the rest of Germany, who use the word Pfannkuchen to describe a pancake, which is also the literal translation of it).
In middle Germany, they are called "Kreppel" or "Pfannkuchen".
In southern Germany, they are also called "Krapfen" and are especially popular during Carnival season ("Karneval"/"Fasching") in southern and middle Germany and on New Year's Eve in northern Germany.
"Berliner" do not have the typical ring shape, but instead are solid and usually filled with jam, while a ring-shaped variant called "Kameruner" is common in Berlin and eastern Germany.
"Bismarcks" and "Berlin doughnuts" are also found in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland and the U.S. Today, American style doughnuts are also available in Germany, but are less popular than their native counterparts.
Article: Cheese
Section: Dental health

Question: How does cheese protect tooth enamel?

Some studies claim that cheddar, mozzarella, Swiss and American cheeses can help to prevent tooth decay.
Several mechanisms for this protection have been proposed:
 The calcium, protein, and phosphorus in cheese may act to protect tooth enamel.
 Cheese increases saliva flow, washing away acids and sugars.
Article: Medicine
Section: Institutions

Question: Are there any countries on the planet that don't practice general medicine?

Contemporary medicine is in general conducted within health care systems.
Legal, credentialing and financing frameworks are established by individual governments, augmented on occasion by international organizations, such as churches.
The characteristics of any given health care system have significant impact on the way medical care is provided.
From ancient times, Christian emphasis on practical charity gave rise to the development of systematic nursing and hospitals and the Catholic Church today remains the largest non-government provider of medical services in the world.
Advanced industrial countries (with the exception of the United States) and many developing countries provide medical services through a system of universal health care that aims to guarantee care for all through a single-payer health care system, or compulsory private or co-operative health insurance.
This is intended to ensure that the entire population has access to medical care on the basis of need rather than ability to pay.
Delivery may be via private medical practices or by state-owned hospitals and clinics, or by charities, most commonly by a combination of all three.
Most tribal societies, and the United States, provide no guarantee of healthcare for the population as a whole.
In such societies, healthcare is available to those that can afford to pay for it or have self-insured it (either directly or as part of an employment contract) or who may be covered by care financed by the government or tribe directly.
Transparency of information is another factor defining a delivery system.
Access to information on conditions, treatments, quality, and pricing greatly affects the choice by patients/consumers and, therefore, the incentives of medical professionals.
While the US healthcare system has come under fire for lack of openness, new legislation may encourage greater openness.
There is a perceived tension between the need for transparency on the one hand and such issues as patient confidentiality and the possible exploitation of information for commercial gain on the other.
Article: Central Park
Section: 1900–1960

Question: Why was there an absence of enthusiasm for Tammany Hall political machine?

Following completion, the park quickly slipped into decline.
One of the main reasons for this was the lack of interest of the Tammany Hall political machine, which was the largest political force in New York at the time.
Around the turn of the 20th century, the park faced several new challenges.
Cars were becoming commonplace, bringing with them their burden of pollution, and people's attitudes were beginning to change.
No longer were parks to be used only for walks and picnics in an idyllic environment, but now also for sports, and similar recreation.
Following the dissolution of the Central Park Commission in 1870 and Andrew Green's departure from the project, and the death of Vaux in 1895, the maintenance effort gradually declined, and there were few, if any, attempts to replace dead trees, bushes and plants, or worn-out lawn.
For several decades, authorities did little or nothing to prevent vandalism and the littering of the park.
All of this changed in 1934, when Republican Fiorello La Guardia was elected mayor of New York City and unified the five park-related departments then in existence.
Robert Moses was given the task of cleaning up the park.
Moses, about to become one of the mightiest men in New York City, took over what was essentially a relic, a leftover from a bygone era.
According to historian Robert Caro in his 1974 book "The Power Broker":
"Lawns, unseeded, were expanses of bare earth, decorated with scraggly patches of grass and weeds, that became dust holes in dry weather and mud holes in wet….
The once beautiful Mall looked like a scene of a wild party the morning after.
Benches lay on their backs, their legs jabbing at the sky..."
In a single year, Moses managed to clean up Central Park and other parks in New York City.
Lawns and flowers were replanted, dead trees and bushes were replaced, walls were sandblasted, and bridges repaired.
Another dramatic change was Moses's removal of the "Hoover Valley" shantytown, whose site was transformed into the Great Lawn.
Major redesigning and construction also was carried out: for instance, the Croton Lower Reservoir was filled in so the Great Lawn could be created.
The Greensward Plan's purpose of creating an idyllic landscape was combined with Moses' vision of a park to be used for recreational purposes—19 playgrounds, 12 ball fields, and handball courts were constructed.
Moses also managed to secure funds from the New Deal program, as well as donations from the public.
Article: Wake Me Up When September Ends
Section: Music video

Question: Who did Wake Me Me Up When September Ends?

Like the majority of the videos from the album "American Idiot", it was directed by Samuel Bayer.
The video features Green Day's support guitarist, Jason White.
This is the second time Jason White has appeared in a Green Day video, first appearing in "When I Come Around", ten years earlier but not as a band member.
The video focuses on a very loving couple (played by Jamie Bell and Evan Rachel Wood).
The boyfriend promises never to leave his girlfriend but they later argue when the boyfriend enlists in the United States Marine Corps.
The boyfriend interprets his actions as a way to show her that he loves her so much that he would put his life on the line to keep her safe; the girlfriend, however, is heartbroken, as he broke his vow to never leave her, and terrified at the thought that he might die in battle.
The video then shows the boyfriend in battle in Iraq being ambushed by insurgents.
This scene is intercut with scenes of the girlfriend tearfully mourning in a quiet field.
The video ends on this juxtaposition, emphasizing the pain and heartache of losing loved ones due to the war.
This video adds to the "American Idiot" anti-war sentiment of the Iraq War.
The song eventually became a tribute song to the victims of Hurricane Katrina, and sound bites were added from various news coverages to the song.
A live version of the song, recorded on September 3, 2005, at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts was released soon after and dedicated to the hurricane's victims.
The song was performed live with U2 guitarist The Edge in the pregame show of the Monday Night Football game between the New Orleans Saints and the Atlanta Falcons; it was the first game played in the Superdome in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.