community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Ice hockey
Section: Modern women's ice hockey

Question: How many  IIHF World Women's Championships tournaments were held b the end of 2013?

Women's ice hockey.
Modern women's ice hockey.
Ice hockey is one of the fastest growing women's sports in the world, with the number of participants increasing 350 percent in the last 10 years.
In 2011, Canada had 85,827 women players, United States had 65,609, Finland 4,760, Sweden 3,075 and Switzerland 1,172.
While there are not as many organized leagues for women as there are for men, there exist leagues of all levels, including the Canadian Women's Hockey League, Western Women's Hockey League, Mid-Atlantic Women's Hockey League, and various European leagues; as well as university teams, national and Olympic teams, and recreational teams.
By the end of 2013, the IIHF had held fifteen IIHF World Women's Championship tournaments.
The USHL welcomed the first female professional hockey player in 1969–70, when the Marquette Iron Rangers signed Karen Koch.
Women's ice hockey was added as a medal sport at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.
The United States won the gold, Canada won the silver and Finland won the bronze medal.
The chief difference between women's and men's hockey is that body checking is not allowed in women's hockey.
After the 1990 Women's World Championship, body checking was eliminated in women's hockey.
In current IIHF women's competition, body checking is either a minor or major penalty, decided at the referee's discretion.
In addition, players in women's competition are required to wear protective full-face masks.
One woman, Manon Rhéaume, appeared as a goaltender for the NHL's Tampa Bay Lightning in pre-season games against the St. Louis Blues and the Boston Bruins, and in 2003 Hayley Wickenheiser played with the Kirkkonummi Salamat in the Finnish men's Suomi-sarja league.
Several women have competed in North American minor leagues, including goaltenders Kelly Dyer, Erin Whitten, Manon Rhéaume, and defenceman Angela Ruggiero.
Article: The Persistence of Memory
Section: Landscape

Question: What were a majority of Dali's paintings inspired by?

The craggy rocks to the right represent a tip of Cap de Creus peninsula in north-eastern Catalonia.
Many of Dalí's paintings were inspired by the landscapes of his life in Catalonia.
The strange and foreboding shadow in the foreground of this painting is a reference to Mount Pani.
Article: Sinking of the RMS Titanic
Section: Casualties and survivors

Question: Approximately what was the death toll in the sinking of the RMS Titanic?

The number of casualties of the sinking is unclear, due to a number of factors, including confusion over the passenger list, which included some names of people who cancelled their trip at the last minute, and the fact that several passengers travelled under aliases for various reasons and were double-counted on the casualty lists.
The death toll has been put at between 1,490 and 1,635 people.
The figures below are from the British Board of Trade report on the disaster.
Less than a third of those aboard "Titanic" survived the disaster.
Some survivors died shortly afterwards; injuries and the effects of exposure caused the deaths of several of those brought aboard "Carpathia".
Of the groups shown in the table, 49% of the children, 26% of the female passengers, 82% of the male passengers and 78% of the crew died.
The figures show stark differences in the survival rates of the different classes aboard "Titanic".
Although only 3 percent of first-class women were lost, 54% of those in third class died.
Similarly, five of six first-class and all second-class children survived, but 52 of the 79 in third class perished.
The only first-class child to perish was Loraine Allison, aged 2.
Proportionately, the heaviest losses were suffered by the second-class men, of whom 92% died.
Additionally, among the pets brought aboard three survived the sinking.
Article: Archery
Section: Modern competitive archery

Question: How does Para-Archery work?

Competitive archery involves shooting arrows at a target for accuracy from a set distance or distances.
This is the most popular form of competitive archery worldwide and is called target archery.
A form particularly popular in Europe and America is field archery, shot at targets generally set at various distances in a wooded setting.
Para-Archery is an adaptation of archery for athletes with a disability.
It is governed by the World Archery Federation (WA), and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games.
There are also several other lesser-known and historical forms of archery, as well as archery novelty games and flight archery, where the aim is to shoot the greatest distance.
Article: Victoria Peak
Section: Tourism

Question: Where is the Peak lookout restaurant housed?

With some seven million visitors every year, the Peak is a major tourist attraction of Hong Kong.
It offers spectacular views of the city and its harbours.
The viewing deck also has coin operated telescopes that the visitors can use to enjoy the cityscape.
The number of visitors led to the construction of two major leisure and shopping centres, the Peak Tower and the Peak Galleria, situated adjacent to each other.
The Peak Tower incorporates the upper station of the Peak Tram, the funicular railway that brings passengers up from the St. John's Cathedral in Hong Kong's Central district, whilst the Peak Galleria incorporates the bus station used by the Hong Kong public buses and green minibuses on the Peak.
The Peak is also accessible by taxi and private car via the circuitous Peak Road, or by walking up the steep Old Peak Road from near the Zoological Botanical Gardens.
Victoria Peak Garden is located on the site of Mountain Lodge, the Governor's old summer residence, and is the closest publicly accessible point to the summit.
It can be reached from Victoria Gap by walking up Mount Austin Road, a climb of about .
Another popular walk is the level loop along Lugard Road, giving good views of Hong Kong's Central district and Kowloon, and then returning via Harlech Road, encircling the summit at the level of the Peak Tower.
There are several restaurants on Victoria Peak, most of which are located in the two shopping centres.
However, the Peak Lookout Restaurant, is housed in an older and more traditional building which was originally a spacious house for engineers working on the Peak Tramway.
It was rebuilt in 1901 as a stop area for sedan chairs, but was re-opened as a restaurant in 1947.
In addition to being a major tourist attraction for Hong Kong, The Peak is also the summit of Hong Kong's property market.
At the peak of The Peak, properties are more precious than anywhere else in the world.
Most of the super rich in Hong Kong - including Cheung Kong (Holdings) chairman Li Ka-shing and the Kwok brothers of Sun Hung Kai Properties - live in detached houses in Island South or The Peak.
A house at Barker Road (where Hong Kong's most expensive residential buildings are located) sold for HK$1.8 billion last year.
At $68,228 per square foot, it is the most expensive location in the world.
The buyer is reported to be a Hong Kong billionaire, Lee Shau-kee.
On January 12.
2014, a Barker Road property sold at over HK$100k (US$13k) per square foot for HK$690 million.
Article: Sien (Van Gogh series)
Section: Abstract

Question: Who did Van Gogh use as a model for his work?

Sien (Van Gogh series)Vincent van Gogh drew and painted a series of works of his mistress Sien during their time together in the Netherlands.
In particular, his drawing "Sorrow" is widely acknowledged as a masterwork of draftsmanship, the culmination of a long and sometimes uncertain apprenticeship in learning his craft.
Commonly called Sien Hoornik, Clasina Maria Hoornik (1850 - 1904) lived with van Gogh during much of his time in The Hague from 1881 to 1883.
Van Gogh used Sien, a pregnant prostitute, as a model for his work and later took Sien and her daughter into his home.
Van Gogh made drawings and paintings of Sien and her daughter, baby and mother over that period, which reflected the domestic life and hardships of the working poor.
Their relationship was not accepted by his family or supporters, although his brother Theo did not withdraw his support over it.
It did contribute undoubtedly, however, to a split with Anton Mauve, a cousin-in-law and noted painter of the Hague School, who had introduced van Gogh to painting as well as supporting him financially, and whom van Gogh revered.
At his brother Theo's urging, van Gogh left Sien in 1883 to paint in Drenthe, putting an end to the only domestic relationship he was ever to have.
Sien resumed her life as a seamstress, cleaning woman and likely prostitute before marrying in 1901.
On 12 November 1904, aged 54, she threw herself into the Schelde river and drowned, fulfilling a prophecy she had made to van Gogh in 1883: "Yes, I'm a whore ... it’s bound to end up with me jumping into the water."
Article: Lacrosse
Section: Box lacrosse

Question: When was box lacrosse introduced?

Box lacrosse is played by teams of six on a hockey rink where the ice has been removed or covered by artificial turf, or in an indoor soccer or lacrosse field.
The enclosed playing area is called a box, in contrast to the open playing field of the traditional game.
This version of the game was introduced in the 1930s to promote business for hockey arenas, and within several years had nearly supplanted field lacrosse in Canada.
Box lacrosse is played at the highest level by the "Senior A" divisions of the Canadian Lacrosse Association and the National Lacrosse League (NLL).
The National Lacrosse League employs some minor rule changes from the Canadien Lacrosse Association (CLA) rules.
Notably, the games are played during the winter.
The NLL games consist of four fifteen-minute quarters compared with three periods of twenty minutes each (similar to ice hockey) in CLA games (multiple 15-minute OT periods for tied games, until whoever scores first).
NLL players may use only sticks with hollow shafts, while CLA permits solid wooden sticks.
:The goals in box lacrosse are much smaller than field lacrosse, traditionally wide by tall in box, and wide by tall in the NLL.
Also, the goaltender wears much more protective padding, including a massive chest protector and armguard combination known as "uppers", large shin guards known as leg pads (both of which must follow strict measurement guidelines), and ice hockey-style masks or lacrosse helmets.
Also, at the professional level, box lacrosse goaltenders often use traditional wooden sticks outside of the NLL, which does not allow wooden sticks.
This makes Box Lacrosse faster and rougher than the traditional Field Lacrosse.
The style of the game is quick, accelerated by the close confines of the floor and a shot clock.
The shot clock requires the attacking team to take a shot on goal within 30 seconds of gaining possession of the ball.
In addition, players must advance the ball from their own defensive end to the offensive side of the floor within 10 seconds.
Box lacrosse is also a much more physical game.
Since cross checking is legal in box lacrosse, players wear rib pads in addition to the shoulder and elbow pads that field lacrosse players wear.
Box lacrosse players wear a different type of helmet as well, a hockey helmet with a box lacrosse cage.
For most penalties, the offending player is sent to the penalty box and his team has to play without him (thus lacking one player) for a short amount of time.
Most penalties last for two minutes, unless a five-minute major penalty has been assessed.
What separates box lacrosse (and ice hockey) from other sports is that at the top levels of professional and junior lacrosse, a five-minute major penalty is given and the players are not ejected for participating in a fight.
Article: Periodic table
Section: Categories

Question: Which location the metals placed in periodic table?

The elements can be conveniently classified according to their shared physical and chemical properties into the major categories of metals, metalloids and nonmetals.
Metals are generally located to the left and bottom of the periodic table.
They are ordinarily shiny, highly conducting solids which form alloys with one another and salt-like ionic compounds with nonmetals.
Nonmetals are located to the right and top.
They are mostly coloured or colourless insulating gases that form covalent compounds with one another.
In between metals and nonmetals are metalloids, which have intermediate or mixed properties.
Metal and nonmetals can be further classified into similar subcategories that show a left to right gradation in metallic to non-metallic properties.
The metals are divided into the highly reactive alkali metals, through the less reactive alkaline earth metals, lanthanides and actinides, via the archetypal transition metals, and ending in the physically and chemically weak other metals.
The nonmetals are simply subdivided into the polyatomic nonmetals which, being nearest the metalloids, show some incipient metallic character; the diatomic nonmetals, which are essentially nonmetallic; and the monatomic noble gases, which are almost completely inert and nonmetallic.
Specialized groupings such as the refractory metals and the noble metals, which are subsets (in this example) of the transition metals, are also known and occasionally denoted.
Placing the elements into categories and subcategories based on shared properties is imperfect.
There is a spectrum of properties within each category and it is not hard to find overlaps at the boundaries, as is the case with most classification schemes.
Beryllium, for example, is classified as an alkaline earth metal although its amphoteric chemistry and tendency to mostly form covalent compounds are both attributes of a chemically weak or other metal.
Radon is classified as a nonmetal and a noble gas yet has some cationic chemistry that is more characteristic of a metal.
Other classification schemes are possible such as the division of the elements into mineralogical occurrence categories, or crystalline structures.
Categorising the elements in this fashion dates back to at least 1869 when Hinrichs wrote that simple boundary lines could be drawn on the periodic table to show elements having like properties, such as the metals and the nonmetals, or the gaseous elements.
Article: The Act of Killing
Section: Production

Question: When was the Indonesian killings?

In 2001, while conducting interviews for their 2003 film "The Globalisation Tapes", Oppenheimer and Cynn began delving into the Indonesian killings of 1965–66.
After moving up the ranks of those involved with the killings, Oppenheimer's interviews led him to meet Anwar Congo in 2005.
The film was shot mostly in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, between 2005 and 2011.
After seeing an early preview of "The Act of Killing", filmmakers Werner Herzog and Errol Morris signed on as executive producers.
The name "Anonymous" appears 49 times under 27 different crew positions in the credits.
These crew members still fear revenge from the death-squad killers.
Article: Atomic number
Section: Abstract

Question: "Z" was the number known as a physical characteristic of atoms after what year?

In chemistry and physics, the atomic number of a chemical element (also known as its proton number) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element, and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus.
It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z.
The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element.
In an uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons.
The atomic number, "Z", should not be confused with the mass number, "A", which is the number of nucleons, the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
The number of neutrons, "N", is known as the neutron number of the atom; thus, "A" = "Z" + "N" (these quantities are always whole numbers).
Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass (and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes) and the mass defect of nucleon binding is always small compared to the nucleon mass, the atomic mass of any atom, when expressed in unified atomic mass units (making a quantity called the "relative isotopic mass,") is roughly (to within 1%) equal to the whole number "A".
Atoms with the same atomic number "Z" but different neutron numbers "N", and hence different atomic masses, are known as isotopes.
A little more than three-quarters of naturally occurring elements exist as a mixture of isotopes (see monoisotopic elements), and the average isotopic mass of an isotopic mixture for an element (called the relative atomic mass) in a defined environment on Earth, determines the element's standard atomic weight.
Historically, it was these atomic weights of elements (in comparison to hydrogen) that were the quantities measurable by chemists in the 19th century.
The conventional symbol "Z" comes from the German word meaning number/numeral/figure, which, prior to the modern synthesis of ideas from chemistry and physics, merely denoted an element's numerical place in the periodic table, whose order is approximately, but not completely, consistent with the order of the elements by atomic weights.
Only after 1915, with the suggestion and evidence that this "Z" number was also the nuclear charge and a physical characteristic of atoms, did the word (and its English equivalent "atomic number") come into common use in this context.
Article: The Kid with a Bike
Section: Production

Question: What was the occupation of Samantha originally?

Luc Dardenne said that he and his brother Jean-Pierre had for a long time had the idea of a film about "a woman who helps a boy emerge from the violence that holds him prisoner."
Writing the screenplay took one year including a few breaks.
In the earliest drafts, the character Samantha was a doctor and not a hairdresser.
The script was structured with a fairytale in mind, where the boy would lose his illusions and Samantha would appear as a fairy-like figure.
By not explaining much about the characters' past and psychology, the brothers aimed to avoid sentimentality.
Throughout the writing process the brothers strove to maintain a strong clarity in the overall work and to avoid gloom, which is why the brothers, according to Jean-Pierre, decided to omit "any form of vulgarity in the teenagers' language, even though they're street criminals.
"The film is a co-production with 46% investment from its directors' Belgian company Les Films du Fleuve, 44% from its French Archipel 35, and 10% from Italy's Lucky Red.
It received further funding from the CNC, Eurimages, Wallimage, Radio Télévision Belge de la Communauté Française, and the Belgian French Community.Cécile de France was offered the role of Samantha soon after the screenplay was finished, as the brothers believed she would be able to portray the kindness of the character with her body and face alone.
For the casting of the boy, Cyril, the production team held around 100 auditions.
Thomas Doret was the fifth applicant the brothers met, and according to Jean-Pierre, "it clicked right away."
The team rehearsed for a month on the actual sets in full costume.
The 55-day shoot commenced in Belgium in August and ended 15 October 2010.
It was the first time the Dardenne brothers made a film in the summer.
The film was made under the production title "Délivrez-moi!"
which means "Set me free!
"Unusually for a film by the Dardenne brothers, there is music in the film.
According to Luc, they hesitated for a long time, but eventually decided that music would serve the film's structure: "In a fairytale there has to be a development, with emotions and new beginnings.
It seemed to us that music, at certain points, could act like a calming caress for Cyril."
Article: The Act of Killing
Section: Abstract

Question: Who were the executive producers of The Act of Killing?

The Act of Killing (, meaning "Butcher") is a 2012 documentary film directed by Joshua Oppenheimer, and co-directed by Christine Cynn and an anonymous Indonesian.
It is a Danish-British-Norwegian co-production, presented by Final Cut for Real in Denmark and produced by Signe Byrge Sørensen.
The executive producers were Werner Herzog, Errol Morris, Joram ten Brink, and Andre Singer.
It is a Docwest project of the University of Westminster.
It won the 2013 European Film Award for Best Documentary, the Asia Pacific Screen Award, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 86th Academy Awards.
"The Act of Killing" won best documentary at the 2014 BAFTA awards.
In accepting the award, Oppenheimer asserted that the United States and the United Kingdom have "collective responsibility" for "participating in and ignoring" the crimes, which was omitted from the video BAFTA posted online.
After a screening for US Congress members, Oppenheimer demanded that the US acknowledge its role in the killings.
Article: Dora Maar au Chat
Section: History

Question: How wide was the canvas?

The canvas (50 ½ by 37 ½ inches / 128.3 cm by 95.3 cm) was one of many portraits of Dora Maar painted by Pablo Picasso over their nearly decade-long relationship.
Picasso fell in love with the 29-year old Maar at the age of 55 and soon began living with her.
This painting was done during the year 1941, when the Nazis were occupying France.
In the 1940s, the painting was obtained by Chicago collectors Leigh and Mary Block.
They sold the painting in 1963 After that, the painting was never shown until the 21st century.
During 2005 and 2006, "Dora Maar au Chat", then owned by the Gidwitz family of Chicago, was shown worldwide as part of Sotheby's exhibitions in London, Hong Kong and New York.
It came up for sale in an auction of Impressionist/Modern works held at Sotheby's on May 3, 2006 in New York and making it the second-highest price ever paid for a painting at auction.
An anonymous Russian bidder present at the New York auction won the work with a final bid of US$95,216,000, well exceeding the pre-auction US$50 million estimates.
The identity of the bidder, who spent more than US$100 million in total, and purchased an 1883 Monet seascape and a 1978 Chagall in addition to the Picasso, was a topic of much speculation.
Apparently a novice bidder, though possibly acting as an agent for a more well-known collector, the anonymous buyer may have been unknown at the start of the auction even to Sotheby's officials.
As of mid-2007, the ownership of the "Dora Maar au Chat" is still unknown to the general public, although rumors have focused on the Georgian mining magnate and current Prime Minister of Georgia Bidzina (Boris) Ivanishvili, who sold his Moscow bank a week before the auction for $550 m.
Article: Vietnam War
Section: Casualties

Question: In the Vietnam War, how many Vietnamese civilians perished?

Estimates of the number of casualties vary, with one source suggesting up to 3.8 million violent war deaths.195,000–430,000 South Vietnamese civilians died in the war.
50,000–65,000 North Vietnamese civilians died in the war.
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam lost between 171,331 and 220,357 men during the war.
The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974.
Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent.
In addition, Guenter Lewy assumes that one-third of the reported "enemy" killed may have been civilians, concluding that the actual number of deaths of communist military forces was probably closer to 444,000.
A detailed demographic study calculated 791,000–1,141,000 war-related deaths for all of Vietnam.
Between 200,000 and 300,000 Cambodians died during the war.
About 60,000 Laotians also died, and 58,220 U.S. service members were killed.