community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: International Space Station
Section: Mission controls

Question: Where is Roskosmos's Mission Control Center located?

The components of the ISS are operated and monitored by their respective space agencies at mission control centres across the globe, including:
 Roskosmos's Mission Control Center at Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, controls the Russian Orbital Segment which handles Guidance, Navigation & Control for the entire Station., in addition to individual Soyuz and Progress missions.
 ESA's ATV Control Centre, at the Toulouse Space Centre (CST) in Toulouse, France, controls flights of the unmanned European Automated Transfer Vehicle.
 JAXA's JEM Control Centre and HTV Control Centre at Tsukuba Space Centre (TKSC) in Tsukuba, Japan, are responsible for operating the Japanese Experiment Module complex and all flights of the 'White Stork' HTV Cargo spacecraft, respectively.
 NASA's Mission Control Center at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, USA, serves as the primary control facility for the United States segment of the ISS and also controlled the Space Shuttle missions that visited the station.
 NASA's Payload Operations and Integration Center at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, coordinates payload operations in the USOS.
 ESA's Columbus Control Centre at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, manages the European "Columbus" research laboratory.
 CSA's MSS Control at Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada, controls and monitors the Mobile Servicing System, or Canadarm2.
Article: Notre Dame de Paris
Section: Architecture

Question: What inspired St. Peter's in Adelaide, Australia?

Notre-Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress (arched exterior supports).
The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave but after the construction began, the thinner walls (popularized in the Gothic style) grew ever higher and stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward.
In response, the cathedral's architects built supports around the outside walls, and later additions continued the pattern.
Many small individually crafted statues were placed around the outside to serve as column supports and water spouts.
Among these are the famous gargoyles, designed for water run-off, and chimeras.
The statues were originally colored as was most of the exterior.
The paint has worn off, but the gray stone was once covered with vivid colors.
The cathedral was essentially complete by 1345.
The cathedral has a narrow climb of 387 steps at the top of several spiral staircases; along the climb it is possible to view its most famous bell and its gargoyles in close quarters, as well as having a spectacular view across Paris when reaching the top.
The design of St. Peter's Anglican Cathedral in Adelaide, Australia was inspired by Notre-Dame de Paris.
Article: Rice
Section: Nutrients and the nutritional importance of rice

Question: Consumption of which types of rice reduce the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development?

Nutrition and health.
Nutrients and the nutritional importance of rice.
Rice is the staple food of over half the world's population.
It is the predominant dietary energy source for 17 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 9 countries in North and South America and 8 countries in Africa.
Rice provides 20% of the world’s dietary energy supply, while wheat supplies 19% and maize (corn) 5%.
A detailed analysis of nutrient content of rice suggests that the nutrition value of rice varies based on a number of factors.
It depends on the strain of rice, that is between white, brown, black, red and purple varieties of rice – each prevalent in different parts of the world.
It also depends on nutrient quality of the soil rice is grown in, whether and how the rice is polished or processed, the manner it is enriched, and how it is prepared before consumption.
An illustrative comparison between white and brown rice of protein quality, mineral and vitamin quality, carbohydrate and fat quality suggests that neither is a complete nutrition source.
Between the two, there is a significant difference in fiber content and minor differences in other nutrients.
Brilliantly colored rice strains, such as purple rice, derive their color from anthocyanins and tocols.
Scientific studies suggest that these color pigments have antioxidant properties that may be useful to human health.
In purple rice bran, hydrophilic antioxidants are in greater quantity and have higher free radical scavenging activity than lipophilic antioxidants.
Anthocyanins and γ-tocols in purple rice are largely located in the inner portion of purple rice bran.
Comparative nutrition studies on red, black and white varieties of rice suggest that pigments in red and black rice varieties may offer nutritional benefits.
Red or black rice consumption was found to reduce or retard the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development, induced by dietary cholesterol, in mammals.
White rice consumption offered no similar benefits, and the study claims this to be due to absent antioxidants in red and black varieties of rice.
Article: Telescope
Section: Types of mount

Question: What is the purpose of a telescope mount ?

A telescope mount is a mechanical structure which supports a telescope.
Telescope mounts are designed to support the mass of the telescope and allow for accurate pointing of the instrument.
Many sorts of mounts have been developed over the years, with the majority of effort being put into systems that can track the motion of the stars as the Earth rotates.
The two main types of tracking mount are:
 Altazimuth mount
 Equatorial mount
Article: Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Section: Abstract

Question: Which national park is the most visited in the U.S.?

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are a division of the larger Appalachian Mountain chain.
The border between Tennessee and North Carolina runs northeast to southwest through the centerline of the park.
It is the most visited national park in the United States.
On its route from Maine to Georgia, the Appalachian Trail also passes through the center of the park.
The park was chartered by the United States Congress in 1934 and officially dedicated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940.
It encompasses , making it one of the largest protected areas in the eastern United States.
The main park entrances are located along U.S. Highway 441 (Newfound Gap Road) at the towns of Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and Cherokee, North Carolina.
It was the first national park whose land and other costs were paid for in part with federal funds; previous parks were funded wholly with state money or private funds.
Article: Jingle Bell Rock
Section: Helms recordings

Question: What version of 'Jingle Bell rock' is the most known in the world?

"Jingle Bell Rock" has been performed by many, but Helms' version is the most known in the world.
Its title and some of its lyrics are takeoffs on the old Christmas standard, "Jingle Bells."
It makes brief references to other popular songs of the 1950s, such as "Rock Around the Clock," and mentions going to a "Jingle hop."
An electric guitar played by Hank Garland can be heard playing the first notes to the chorus from "Jingle Bells.
"Despite being titled a Jingle Bell "Rock", Helms' version of the song was performed in the crossover style known as rockabilly.
Bobby Helms' original version on Decca 9-30513 from 1957, was re-recorded by him on Kapp K-719 in 1965 and yet again in 1967 on Little Darlin' LD-0038.
In 1970, Helms recorded an entire album titled "Jingle Bell Rock" on Certron C-7013, releasing from the album the title track on Certron C-10021 with a picture sleeve.
In yet another re-recording, Helms released a version on Ashley AS-4200 (year unknown).
In 1983, Bobby Helms released his last recording of "Jingle Bell Rock" on Black Rose 82713.
Article: World War II
Section: Pacific (1942–43)

Question: What year did the Commonwealth forces retreat to India in WWII?

Pacific (1942–43).
By the end of April 1942, Japan and its ally Thailand had almost fully conquered Burma, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Singapore, and Rabaul, inflicting severe losses on Allied troops and taking a large number of prisoners.
Despite stubborn resistance at Corregidor, the US possession of the Philippines was eventually captured in May 1942, forcing its government into exile.
On 16 April, in Burma 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division.
Japanese forces also achieved naval victories in the South China Sea, Java Sea and Indian Ocean, and bombed the Allied naval base at Darwin, Australia.
The only real Allied success against Japan was a Chinese victory at Changsha in early January 1942.
These easy victories over unprepared opponents left Japan overconfident, as well as overextended.
In early May 1942, Japan initiated operations to capture Port Moresby by amphibious assault and thus sever communications and supply lines between the United States and Australia.
The Allies, however, prevented the invasion by intercepting and defeating the Japanese naval forces in the Battle of the Coral Sea.
Japan's next plan, motivated by the earlier Doolittle Raid, was to seize Midway Atoll and lure American carriers into battle to be eliminated; as a diversion, Japan would also send forces to occupy the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.
In early June, Japan put its operations into action but the Americans, having broken Japanese naval codes in late May, were fully aware of the plans and force dispositions and used this knowledge to achieve a decisive victory at Midway over the Imperial Japanese Navy.
With its capacity for aggressive action greatly diminished as a result of the Midway battle, Japan chose to focus on a belated attempt to capture Port Moresby by an overland campaign in the Territory of Papua.
The Americans planned a counter-attack against Japanese positions in the southern Solomon Islands, primarily Guadalcanal, as a first step towards capturing Rabaul, the main Japanese base in Southeast Asia.
Both plans started in July, but by mid-September, the Battle for Guadalcanal took priority for the Japanese, and troops in New Guinea were ordered to withdraw from the Port Moresby area to the northern part of the island, where they faced Australian and United States troops in the Battle of Buna-Gona.
Guadalcanal soon became a focal point for both sides with heavy commitments of troops and ships in the battle for Guadalcanal.
By the start of 1943, the Japanese were defeated on the island and withdrew their troops.
In Burma, Commonwealth forces mounted two operations.
The first, an offensive into the Arakan region in late 1942, went disastrously, forcing a retreat back to India by May 1943.
The second was the insertion of irregular forces behind Japanese front-lines in February which, by the end of April, had achieved mixed results.
Article: Badminton
Section: Comparisons of technique

Question: The wrist is not a muscle, it is what?

Badminton and tennis techniques differ substantially.
The lightness of the shuttlecock and of badminton rackets allow badminton players to make use of the wrist and fingers much more than tennis players; in tennis the wrist is normally held stable, and playing with a mobile wrist may lead to injury.
For the same reasons, badminton players can generate power from a short racket swing: for some strokes such as net kills, an elite player's swing may be less than .
For strokes that require more power, a longer swing will typically be used, but the badminton racket swing will rarely be as long as a typical tennis swing.
It is often asserted that power in badminton strokes comes mainly from the wrist.
This is a misconception and may be criticised for two reasons.
First, it is strictly speaking a category error: the wrist is a joint, not a muscle; the forearm muscles control its movement.
Second, wrist movements are weak when compared to forearm or upper arm movements.
Badminton biomechanics have not been the subject of extensive scientific study, but some studies confirm the minor role of the wrist in power generation, and indicate that the major contributions to power come from internal and external rotations of the upper and lower arm.
Modern coaching resources such as the "Badminton England Technique DVD" reflect these ideas by emphasising forearm rotation rather than wrist movements.
Article: Subatomic particle
Section: Other properties

Question: When was "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" first published?

Through the work of Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, and many others, current scientific theory holds that "all" particles also have a wave nature.
This has been verified not only for elementary particles but also for compound particles like atoms and even molecules.
In fact, according to traditional formulations of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, wave–particle duality applies to all objects, even macroscopic ones; although wave properties of macroscopic objects cannot be detected due to their small wavelengths.
Interactions between particles have been scrutinized for many centuries, and a few simple laws underpin how particles behave in collisions and interactions.
The most fundamental of these are the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, which let us make calculations of particle interactions on scales of magnitude that range from stars to quarks.
These are the prerequisite basics of Newtonian mechanics, a series of statements and equations in "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica", originally published in 1687.
Article: Climate change
Section: Plate tectonics

Question: How is the geometry of the oceans determined?

Over the course of millions of years, the motion of tectonic plates reconfigures global land and ocean areas and generates topography.
This can affect both global and local patterns of climate and atmosphere-ocean circulation.
The position of the continents determines the geometry of the oceans and therefore influences patterns of ocean circulation.
The locations of the seas are important in controlling the transfer of heat and moisture across the globe, and therefore, in determining global climate.
A recent example of tectonic control on ocean circulation is the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 5 million years ago, which shut off direct mixing between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
This strongly affected the ocean dynamics of what is now the Gulf Stream and may have led to Northern Hemisphere ice cover.
During the Carboniferous period, about 300 to 360 million years ago, plate tectonics may have triggered large-scale storage of carbon and increased glaciation.
Geologic evidence points to a "megamonsoonal" circulation pattern during the time of the supercontinent Pangaea, and climate modeling suggests that the existence of the supercontinent was conducive to the establishment of monsoons.
The size of continents is also important.
Because of the stabilizing effect of the oceans on temperature, yearly temperature variations are generally lower in coastal areas than they are inland.
A larger supercontinent will therefore have more area in which climate is strongly seasonal than will several smaller continents or islands.
Article: Donatello
Section: Work in Florence

Question: In what year was "Saint George" completed?

In Florence, Donatello assisted Lorenzo Ghiberti with the statues of prophets for the north door of the Florence Baptistery, for which he received payment in November 1406 and early 1408.
In 1409–1411 he executed the colossal seated figure of "Saint John the Evangelist", which until 1588 occupied a niche of the old cathedral façade, and is now placed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo.
This work marks a decisive step forward from late Gothic Mannerism in the search for naturalism and the rendering of human feelings.
The face, the shoulders and the bust are still idealized, while the hands and the fold of cloth over the legs are more realistic.
In 1411–1413, Donatello worked on a statue of St. Mark for the guild church of Orsanmichele.
In 1417 he completed the "Saint George" for the Confraternity of the Cuirass-makers.
The elegant "St. George and the Dragon" relief on the statue's base, executed in schiacciato (a very low bas-relief) is one of the first examples of central-point perspective in sculpture.
From 1423 is the "Saint Louis of Toulouse" for the Orsanmichele, now in the Museum of the Basilica di Santa Croce.
Donatello had also sculpted the classical frame for this work, which remains, while the statue was moved in 1460 and replaced by "Incredulity of Saint Thomas" by Verrocchio.
Between 1415 and 1426, Donatello created five statues for the campanile of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, also known as the Duomo.
These works are the "Beardless Prophet"; "Bearded Prophet" (both from 1415); the "Sacrifice of Isaac" (1421); "Habbakuk" (1423–1425); and "Jeremiah" (1423–1426); which follow the classical models for orators and are characterized by strong portrait details.
From the late teens is the "Pazzi Madonna" relief in Berlin.
In 1425, he executed the notable "Crucifix" for Santa Croce; this work portrays Christ in a moment of the agony, eyes and mouth partially opened, the body contracted in an ungraceful posture.
From 1425–1427, Donatello collaborated with Michelozzo on the funerary monument of the Antipope John XXIII for the Battistero in Florence.
Donatello made the recumbent bronze figure of the deceased, under a shell.
In 1427, he completed in Pisa a marble relief for the funerary monument of Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci at the church of Sant'Angelo a Nilo in Naples.
In the same period, he executed the relief of the "Feast of Herod" and the statues of "Faith" and "Hope" for the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Siena.
The relief is mostly in "stiacciato", with the foreground figures are done in bas-relief.
Article: Sausage
Section: Thailand

Question: Are there more than one variety of sausage in thai cuisine?

There are many varieties of sausages known to Thai cuisine, some of which are specialities of a specific region of Thailand.
From northern Thailand comes "sai ua", a grilled minced pork sausage flavored with curry paste and fresh herbs.
Another grilled sausage is called "sai krok Isan", a fermented sausage with a distinctive slightly sour taste from northeastern Thailand (the region also known as Isan).
Both sausages are commonly eaten with sticky rice, fresh vegetables, and a fresh "nam phrik" (Thai chilli paste) or some raw bird's eye chilies.
They might also be served together with a refreshing Thai salad such as "som tum" (green papaya salad).
Also very popular in Thailand is "naem", a raw fermented pork sausage similar to the Vietnamese "nem chua" and Laotian "som moo".
This variety of sausage is often encountered as "yam naem" and "naem khluk", both of which are Thai salads.
Adopted from Vietnam comes "mu yo".
It is somewhat similar in taste and texture to liverwurst and, served with a "nam chim" (Thai dipping sauce), a popular snack in Thailand.
It too can be used as an ingredient for Thai salads and as a meat ingredient in, for instance, Thai soups.
"Kun chiang" is a dry and sweet Chinese sausage which has also been incorporated into the Thai culinary culture.
Known as "lap cheong" by Cantonese, in Thailand it is most often used, again, as an ingredient for a Thai salad, "yam kun chiang", one that is normally only eaten together with "khao tom kui", a plain rice congee.
A host of modern, factory-made, sausages have become popular as snacks in recent years.
These most often resemble hot-dogs and frankfurters and are commonly sold grilled or deep-fried at street stalls, and served with a sweet, sticky and slightly spicy soy-based sauce.
Article: Gilmore Girls
Section: Broadcast history

Question: The Gilmore Girls were aired for how many seasons?

"Gilmore Girls" first season commenced in the Thursday 8pm/7pm Central time slot, as a lead in for "Charmed".
Renewed for a second season, the show was relocated on Tuesdays 8pm/7pm, the time slot of "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", which transferred to UPN, and served as a lead-in for "Smallville".
In its syndicated release in the United States, the show airs on the ABC Family Channel, and from 2009-2013, aired in weekend timeslots on their sister network SOAPnet, which closed at the start of 2014.
First season reruns aired on Monday nights from March until May 2001 while "Roswell" was on hiatus.
An additional run of the first season aired in summer of 2002 on Sunday nights under the title "Gilmore Girls Beginnings", and was one of two shows on The WB to give the "Beginnings" in its title for reruns (the other being "7th Heaven").
In the United Kingdom "Gilmore Girls" was initially screened on Nickelodeon from 2003.
It remains the only hour-long series to air thereon to date.
Only the first three seasons were shown, with episodes edited for content and some, like "The Big One," dropped entirely.
The series was subsequently picked up by the Hallmark Channel, which gave UK premieres to Seasons 4 and 5, and E4, which continues to show all seven seasons in rotation, with occasional cuts to render it suitable for its early time slot.
On 16 January 2012, Gilmore Girls aired its final episode on UK Channel E4.
All seven seasons are now being aired, unedited, on 5*.
In Brazil and Mexico, the show premiered in November 5, 2000 on Warner Channel.
Then it was shown Boomerang across Latin America.
Article: We Are Young
Section: Abstract

Question: "We Are Young" was released on which day?

"We Are Young" is a song recorded by American band Fun featuring Janelle Monáe, for their second studio album "Some Nights" (2012).
It was released on September 20, 2011 as the lead single from "Some Nights".
Musically, "We Are Young" is an anthem that incorporates the genres of indie pop, alternative rock, and power pop.
The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many noting the song as a breakthrough for the indie genre and praising the song's catchiness.
"We Are Young" has attained commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in several countries.
The track initially only gained attention from online media, although it did receive its first commercial radio airplay on Tampa Bay alternative radio station, 97X, debuting on September 19, 2011.
However, it was soon covered by the television show "Glee".
With the "Glee" version having success on the charts, the song was licensed for use in a Chevrolet Sonic commercial that aired during Super Bowl XLVI.
The single song propelled the band into mainstream success, topping the digital charts in February 2012 and becoming a crossover hit, peaking at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 through airplay on contemporary hit radio stations, topping the chart for six weeks straight.
It is also the first song to log seven weeks of 300,000 or more in digital sales, a record that was previously held by Eminem's "Love the Way You Lie" (2010).
"We Are Young" has been certified five-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and is both Fun and Monáe's first charting single on the Hot 100, as well as their first number-one single.
The song also topped the Hot 100 Airplay chart with 120 million impressions in seven weeks, becoming the first group since Destiny's Child's "Survivor" (2001) to do so.
The song was named 99th on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Songs of All-time.
An accompanying music video was directed by Marc Klasfeld at David Sukonick Concert Hall in Los Angeles.
It features the group performing on a stage at a bar where a riot breaks out.
As part of promotion for the song, it was performed at the 2011 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, the American late night television show "Conan", and was used as the opening song at the 2012 MTV Movie Awards.
The song is featured in the music video game, "Rock Band Blitz".
The song won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 55th Grammy Awards, where it was also a nominee for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.