community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Rice
Section: Arsenic concerns

Question: Rice from Thailand and India contain the least what?

Rice and rice products contain arsenic, a known poison and Group 1 carcinogen.
There is no safe level of arsenic, but, as of 2012, a limit of 10 parts per billion has been established in the United States for drinking water, twice the level of 5 parts per billion originally proposed by the EPA.
Consumption of one serving of some varieties of rice gives more exposure to arsenic than consumption of 1 liter of water that contains 5 parts per billion arsenic; however, the amount of arsenic in rice varies widely with the greatest concentration in brown rice and rice grown on land formerly used to grow cotton; in the United States, Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Texas.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is studying this issue, but has not established a limit.
China has set a limit of 150 ppb for arsenic in rice.
White rice grown in Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Texas, which account for 76 percent of American-produced rice had higher levels of arsenic than other regions of the world studied, possibly because of past use of arsenic-based pesticides to control cotton weevils.
Rice from Thailand and India contain the least arsenic among rice varieties in one study.
Article: NCIS (TV series)
Section: Cable

Question: How did the show rank in January 2009?

 The show ranked number eighteen (4.793 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top twenty most-watched cable shows for the week ending January 25, 2009.
 The show ranked number ten (4.535 million viewers), twelve (4.264 million viewers), thirteen (4.221 million viewers), fifteen (4,161 million viewers), seventeen (4.132 million viewers), and twenty (4.081 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top twenty most-watched cable shows for the week ending March 1, 2009.
 The show ranked sixteen (4.091 million viewers), seventeen (4.084 million viewers), eighteen (4.072 million viewers), and twenty (4.006 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top twenty most-watched cable shows for the week ending March 29, 2009.
 The show ranked number five (4.492 million viewers), six (4.467 million viewers), eight (4.394 million viewers), nine (4.214 million viewers), fifteen (3.962 million viewers), and seventeen (3.8.58 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top twenty most-watched cable shows for the week ending May 3, 2009.
 The show ranked number three (4.82 million viewers), six (4.38 million viewers), ten (3.82 million viewers), eleven (3.88 million viewers), and fourteen (3.87 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top fifteen most-watched cable shows for the week ending November 1, 2009.
2/25/13 to 3/03/13 [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-05/u-s-cable-television-ratings-for-the-week-ended-march-3.html]
Article: Rice
Section: Caribbean and Latin America

Question: Who were the people who introduced rice in the Americas?

Rice is not native to the Americas but was introduced to Latin America and the Caribbean by European colonizers at an early date with Spanish colonizers introducing Asian rice to Mexico in the 1520s at Veracruz and the Portuguese and their African slaves introducing it at about the same time to Colonial Brazil.
Recent scholarship suggests that enslaved Africans played an active role in the establishment of rice in the New World and that African rice was an important crop from an early period.
Varieties of rice and bean dishes that were a staple dish along the peoples of West Africa remained a staple among their descendants subjected to slavery in the Spanish New World colonies, Brazil and elsewhere in the Americas.
The Native Americans of what is now the Eastern United States may have practiced extensive agriculture with forms of wild rice.
Article: Pudding
Section: Creamy puddings

Question: How is it possible to prepare instant puddings quickly?

The second and newer type of pudding consists of sugar, milk, and a thickening agent such as cornstarch, gelatin, eggs, rice or tapioca to create a sweet, creamy dessert.
These puddings are made either by simmering on top of the stove in a saucepan or double boiler or by baking in an oven, often in a bain-marie.
These puddings are easily scorched on the fire, which is why a double boiler is often used; microwave ovens are also now often used to avoid this problem and to reduce stirring.
Creamy puddings are typically served chilled, but a few, such as zabaglione and rice pudding, may be served warm.
Instant puddings do not require boiling and can therefore be prepared more quickly.
This pudding terminology is common in North America and some European countries such as the Netherlands, whilst in Britain egg-thickened puddings are considered custards and starch-thickened puddings called blancmange.
Article: British Museum
Section: Scholarship and legacies (1875–1900)

Question: When was it removed to the new British Museum of Natural History?

Scholarship and legacies (1875–1900).
The natural history collections were an integral part of the British Museum until their removal to the new British Museum of Natural History, now the Natural History Museum, in 1887.
With the departure and the completion of the new White Wing (fronting Montague Street) in 1884, more space was available for antiquities and ethnography and the library could further expand.
This was a time of innovation as electric lighting was introduced in the Reading Room and exhibition galleries.
In 1882 the Museum was involved in the establishment of the independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society) the first British body to carry out research in Egypt.
A bequest from Miss Emma Turner in 1892 financed excavations in Cyprus.
In 1897 the death of the great collector and curator, A.W.
Franks, was followed by an immense bequest of 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking vessels, 512 pieces of continental porcelain, 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, over 30,000 bookplates and miscellaneous items of jewellery and plate, among them the Oxus Treasure.
In 1898 Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed the glittering contents from his New Smoking Room at Waddesdon Manor as the Waddesdon Bequest.
This consisted of almost 300 pieces of "objets d'art et de vertu" which included exquisite examples of jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass and maiolica, among them the Holy Thorn Reliquary, probably created in the 1390s in Paris for John, Duke of Berry.
The collection was in the tradition of a schatzkammer or treasure house such as those formed by the Renaissance princes of Europe.
Baron Ferdinand's will was most specific, and failure to observe the terms would make it void, the collection should be
Article: Marshall Plan
Section: Initial reactions

Question: What countries were willing to receive Marshall Plan aid?

While the Soviet ambassador in Washington suspected that the Marshall Plan could lead to the creation of an anti-Soviet bloc, Stalin was open to the offer.
He directed that—in negotiations to be held in Paris regarding the aid—countries in the Eastern Bloc should not reject economic conditions being placed upon them.
Stalin only changed his outlook when he learned that (a) credit would only be extended under conditions of economic cooperation and,(b) aid would also be extended to Germany in total, an eventuality which Stalin thought would hamper the Soviets' ability to exercise influence in western Germany.
Initially, Stalin maneuvered to kill the Plan, or at least hamper it by means of destructive participation in the Paris talks regarding conditions.
He quickly realized, however, that this would be impossible after Molotov reported—following his arrival in Paris in July 1947—that conditions for the credit were non-negotiable.
Looming as just as large a concern was the Czechoslovak eagerness to accept the aid, as well as indications of a similar Polish attitude.
Stalin suspected a possibility that these Eastern Bloc countries might defy Soviet directives not to accept the aid, potentially causing a loss of control of the Eastern Bloc.
In addition, the most important condition was that every country choosing to take advantage of the plan would need to have its economic situation independently assessed—a level of scrutiny to which the Soviets could not agree.
Bevin and Bidault also insisted that any aid be accompanied by the creation of a unified European economy, something incompatible with the strict Soviet command economy.
Article: Rice
Section: Europe

Question: The returning soldiers from what army were exposed to rice while on expedition in Asia?

Rice was known to the Classical world, being imported from Egypt, and perhaps west Asia.
It was known to Greece by returning soldiers from Alexander the Great's military expedition to Asia.
Large deposits of rice from the first century A.D. have been found in Roman camps in Germany.
The Moors brought Asiatic rice to the Iberian Peninsula in the 10th century.
Records indicate it was grown in Valencia and Majorca.
In Majorca, rice cultivation seems to have stopped after the Christian conquest, although historians are not certain.
Muslims also brought rice to Sicily, where it was an important crop long before it is noted in the plain of Pisa (1468) or in the Lombard plain (1475), where its cultivation was promoted by Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, and demonstrated in his model farms.
After the 15th century, rice spread throughout Italy and then France, later propagating to all the continents during the age of European exploration.
In European Russia, a short-grain, starchy rice similar to the Italian varieties, has been grown in the Krasnodar Krai, and known in Russia as "Kuban Rice" or "Krasnodar Rice".
In the Russian Far East several "japonica" cultivars are grown in Primorye around the Khanka lake.
Increasing scale of rice production in the region has recently brought criticism towards growers' alleged bad practices in regards to the environment.
Article: Marshall Plan
Section: Initial reactions

Question: Which countries showed a willingness to receive Marshall Plan aid?

While the Soviet ambassador in Washington suspected that the Marshall Plan could lead to the creation of an anti-Soviet bloc, Stalin was open to the offer.
He directed that—in negotiations to be held in Paris regarding the aid—countries in the Eastern Bloc should not reject economic conditions being placed upon them.
Stalin only changed his outlook when he learned that (a) credit would only be extended under conditions of economic cooperation and,(b) aid would also be extended to Germany in total, an eventuality which Stalin thought would hamper the Soviets' ability to exercise influence in western Germany.
Initially, Stalin maneuvered to kill the Plan, or at least hamper it by means of destructive participation in the Paris talks regarding conditions.
He quickly realized, however, that this would be impossible after Molotov reported—following his arrival in Paris in July 1947—that conditions for the credit were non-negotiable.
Looming as just as large a concern was the Czechoslovak eagerness to accept the aid, as well as indications of a similar Polish attitude.
Stalin suspected a possibility that these Eastern Bloc countries might defy Soviet directives not to accept the aid, potentially causing a loss of control of the Eastern Bloc.
In addition, the most important condition was that every country choosing to take advantage of the plan would need to have its economic situation independently assessed—a level of scrutiny to which the Soviets could not agree.
Bevin and Bidault also insisted that any aid be accompanied by the creation of a unified European economy, something incompatible with the strict Soviet command economy.
Article: The Scream
Section: Abstract

Question: What year was The Scream stolen?

The Scream () is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings and pastels, by the Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910.
Der Schrei der Natur ("The Scream of Nature") is the title Munch gave to these works, all of which show a figure with an agonized expression against a landscape with a tumultuous orange sky.
Arthur Lubow has described "The Scream" as "an icon of modern art, a Mona Lisa for our time."
Edvard Munch created the four versions in various media.
The National Gallery, Oslo, holds one of two painted versions (1893, shown at right).
The Munch Museum holds the other painted version (1910, see gallery) and a pastel version from 1893.
These three versions have not traveled for years.
The fourth version (pastel, 1895) was sold for $119,922,600 at Sotheby's Impressionist and Modern Art auction on 2 May 2012 to financier Leon Black, the second highest nominal price paid for a painting at auction.
The painting was on display in the Museum of Modern Art in New York from October 2012 to April 2013.
Also in 1895, Munch created a lithograph stone of the image.
Of the lithograph prints produced by Munch, several examples survive.
Only approximately four dozen prints were made before the original stone was resurfaced by the printer in Munch's absence.
"The Scream" has been the target of several high-profile art thefts.
In 1994, the version in the National Gallery was stolen.
It was recovered several months later.
In 2004, both "The Scream" and "Madonna" were stolen from the Munch Museum, and were both recovered two years later.
Article: Shooting
Section: Competitive shooting

Question: What plays an important role when handling a rifle or handgun?

Marksmanship has inspired competition, and in several countries rifle clubs started to form in the 19th century.
Soon international shooting events evolved, including shooting at the Summer Olympics (from 1896) and World Championships (from 1897).
The International Shooting Sport Federation still administers Olympic and non-Olympic rifle, pistol, shotgun, and running target shooting competitions, although there is also a large number of national and international shooting sports controlled by unrelated organizations.
Shooting technique differs depending on factors like the type of firearm used (from a handgun to a sniper rifle; the distance to and nature of the target; the required precision; and the available time.
Breathing and position play an important role when handling a handgun or a rifle.
Some shooting sports, such as IPSC shooting, make a sport of combat style shooting.
The prone position, kneeling position, and standing position offer different amounts of support for the shooter.
Article: Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Section: Georgia – massacre in Tbilisi

Question: When was Jumber Patiashvili removed from his position as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party by Gorbachev?

On April 7, 1989 troops and armored personnel carriers were sent onto the streets of Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people gathered in front of the Government and Communist Party headquarters, many with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and urging the full integration into Georgia of the autonomous region of Abkhazia.
On 9 April 9, 1989 at least sixteen people were killed and more than 200 wounded when troops attacked the peaceful demonstrators.
This event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule.
On 14 April 1989 Gorbachev removed Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party for his poor handling of the April events and replaced him with the former Georgian KGB chief Givi Gumbaridze.
On July 16, 1989 in Sukhumi capital of Abkhazia a protest against the opening of a Georgian university branch in the town led to violence that quickly degenerated into a large-scale inter-ethnic confrontation in which 18 died and hundreds were injured before Soviet troops restored order.
This riot marked the start of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict.
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Legacy

Question: Of the top 100 songs of the century, when did "Every Breath  You Take" get added to the list by BMI?

In 1999, "Every Breath You Take" was listed as one of the Top 100 Songs of the Century by BMI.
In 2003, VH1 ranked the song the #2 greatest Break-up song of all time.
And also as of 2003, Sting was still taking in an average of $2000 per day in royalties for the then 20-year-old song "Every Breath You Take.
"In October 2007, Sting was awarded a Million-Air certificate for 9 million airplays of "Every Breath You Take" at the prestigious BMI Awards show in London, with only Van Morrison's "Brown Eyed Girl" a close second at 8 million air plays.
Sting performed the song in front of an audience of 1.9 billion people at Live Aid in 1985, with Phil Collins providing additional vocals.
Sting performed it again, 20 years later, at Live 8.
Article: Marzipan
Section: Abstract

Question: What is marzipan commonly used for?

Marzipan is a confection consisting primarily of sugar or honey and almond meal, sometimes augmented with almond oil or extract.
It is often made into sweets; common uses are marzipan-filled chocolate and small marzipan imitations of fruits and vegetables.
It is also rolled into thin sheets and glazed for icing cakes, primarily birthday and wedding cakes and Christmas cakes.
This use is particularly common in England, on large fruitcakes.
Marzipan (or almond paste) may also be used as a cake ingredient, as in stollen.
In some countries, it is shaped into small figures of animals as a traditional treat for New Year's Day.
Marzipan is also used in Tortell, and in some versions of king cake eaten during the Carnival season.
Traditional Swedish Princess Cake is typically covered with a layer of marzipan that has been tinted pale green.
Article: Where Have You Been
Section: Credits and personnel

Question: Who sang Where Have You Been?

Recording
Recorded at Eightysevenfourteen Studios, Los Angeles, California; Eyeknowasecret Studio, Brentwood, California.
Sample
Contains elements from the composition "I've Been Everywhere", written by Geoff Mack under Unichappel Music Inc (BMI).
Personnel
Vocals - Rihanna
Songwriting – Ester Dean, Lukasz Gottwald, Calvin Harris, Henry Walter, Geoff Mack
Production, instruments, programming  – Dr. Luke, Cirkut, Calvin Harris
Vocal engineering and recording – Kuk Harrell, Marcos Tovar
Assistant vocal recording – Jennifer Rosales
Engineering – Aubry "Big Juice" Delaine, Clint Gibbs
Mixing – Serban Ghenea
Credits and personnel.
Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Talk That Talk", Def Jam Recordings, SRP Records.
Article: Donatello
Section: Work in Florence

Question: What are the foreground figures done in?

In Florence, Donatello assisted Lorenzo Ghiberti with the statues of prophets for the north door of the Florence Baptistery, for which he received payment in November 1406 and early 1408.
In 1409–1411 he executed the colossal seated figure of "Saint John the Evangelist", which until 1588 occupied a niche of the old cathedral façade, and is now placed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo.
This work marks a decisive step forward from late Gothic Mannerism in the search for naturalism and the rendering of human feelings.
The face, the shoulders and the bust are still idealized, while the hands and the fold of cloth over the legs are more realistic.
In 1411–1413, Donatello worked on a statue of St. Mark for the guild church of Orsanmichele.
In 1417 he completed the "Saint George" for the Confraternity of the Cuirass-makers.
The elegant "St. George and the Dragon" relief on the statue's base, executed in schiacciato (a very low bas-relief) is one of the first examples of central-point perspective in sculpture.
From 1423 is the "Saint Louis of Toulouse" for the Orsanmichele, now in the Museum of the Basilica di Santa Croce.
Donatello had also sculpted the classical frame for this work, which remains, while the statue was moved in 1460 and replaced by "Incredulity of Saint Thomas" by Verrocchio.
Between 1415 and 1426, Donatello created five statues for the campanile of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, also known as the Duomo.
These works are the "Beardless Prophet"; "Bearded Prophet" (both from 1415); the "Sacrifice of Isaac" (1421); "Habbakuk" (1423–1425); and "Jeremiah" (1423–1426); which follow the classical models for orators and are characterized by strong portrait details.
From the late teens is the "Pazzi Madonna" relief in Berlin.
In 1425, he executed the notable "Crucifix" for Santa Croce; this work portrays Christ in a moment of the agony, eyes and mouth partially opened, the body contracted in an ungraceful posture.
From 1425–1427, Donatello collaborated with Michelozzo on the funerary monument of the Antipope John XXIII for the Battistero in Florence.
Donatello made the recumbent bronze figure of the deceased, under a shell.
In 1427, he completed in Pisa a marble relief for the funerary monument of Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci at the church of Sant'Angelo a Nilo in Naples.
In the same period, he executed the relief of the "Feast of Herod" and the statues of "Faith" and "Hope" for the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Siena.
The relief is mostly in "stiacciato", with the foreground figures are done in bas-relief.
Article: England
Section: Education

Question: What age group is England's Department of Education responsible for?

The Department for Education is the government department responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including education.
State-run and -funded schools are attended by approximately 93% of English schoolchildren.
Of these, a minority are faith schools, primarily Church of England or Catholic.
Between three and four is nursery school, 4 and 11 is primary school, and 11 to 16 is secondary school.
After finishing compulsory education, pupils take a GCSE examination, following which they may decide to continue in further education for two years.
Further education colleges, such as sixth form colleges are either separate or attached to the secondary school institution and prepare students to sit A-Level examinations, for higher education at universities.
Although most English secondary schools are comprehensive, in some areas there are selective intake grammar schools, to which entrance is subject to passing the eleven plus exam.
Around 7.2% of English schoolchildren attend private schools, which are funded by private sources.
Standards in state schools are monitored by the Office for Standards in Education, and in private schools by the Independent Schools Inspectorate.
Students normally enter universities in the United Kingdom from 18 onwards, where they study for an academic degree.
There are over 90 universities in England, all but one of which are public.
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills is the government department responsible for higher education in England.
Students are generally entitled to student loans for maintenance.
The first degree offered to undergraduates is the Bachelor's degree, which usually takes three years to complete.
Students are then eligible for a postgraduate degree, a Master's degree, taking one year, or a Doctorate degree, which takes three.
England's universities include some of the highest-ranked universities in the world; the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, the University of Oxford and University College London are all ranked in the global top 10 in the 2010 "QS World University Rankings".
The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research.
The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the "Financial Times".
Academic degrees in England are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class).
The King's School, Canterbury and King's School, Rochester are the oldest schools in the English-speaking world.
Many of England's better-known schools, such as Winchester College, Eton College, St Paul's School, Rugby School, and Harrow School are fee-paying institutions.