community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Squash (sport)
Section: The court

Question: How many walls to a squash court?

Basic rules and gameplay.
The court.
The squash court is a playing surface surrounded by four walls.
The court surface contains a front line separating the front and back of the court and a half court line, separating the left and right hand sides of the back portion of the court, creating three 'boxes' - the front half, the back left quarter and the back right quarter.
Both the back two boxes contain smaller service boxes.
All of the floor-markings on a squash court are only relevant during serves.
There are four walls to a squash court.
The front wall, on which three parallel lines are marked, has the largest playing surface, whilst the back wall, which typically contains the entrance to the court, has the smallest.
The out line runs along the top of the front wall, descending along the side walls to the back wall.
There are no other markings on the side or back walls.
Shots struck above or touching the out line, on any wall, are out.
The bottom line of the front wall marks the top of the 'tin', a half metre-high metal area which if struck means that the ball is out.
In this way the tin can be seen as analogous to the net in other racquet sports such as tennis.
The middle line of the front wall is the service line and is only relevant during serves.
Article: Taco
Section: Abstract

Question: What can a taco be filled with?

A taco () is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.
A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.
A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, avocado or guacamole, cilantro, tomatoes, minced meat, onions and lettuce.
Article: India
Section: Culture

Question: What kind of diversity does India have?

Indian cultural history spans more than 4,500 years.
During the Vedic period (c. 1700 – 500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, and literature were laid, and many beliefs and practices which still exist today, such as "dhárma", "kárma", "yóga", and "mokṣa", were established.
India is notable for its religious diversity, with Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, and Jainism among the nation's major religions.
The predominant religion, Hinduism, has been shaped by various historical schools of thought, including those of the "Upanishads", the "Yoga Sutras", the "Bhakti" movement, and by Buddhist philosophy.
Article: Nebula
Section: Protoplanetary nebula

Question: What are a star's emissions in its AGB phase?

A protoplanetary nebula (PPN) is an astronomical object which is at the short-lived episode during a star's rapid stellar evolution between the late asymptotic giant branch (LAGB) phase and the following planetary nebula (PN) phase.
During the AGB phase, the star undergoes mass loss, emitting a circumstellar shell of hydrogen gas.
When this phase comes to an end, the star enters the PPN phase.
The PPN is energized by the central star, causing it to emit strong infrared radiation and become a reflection nebula.
Collaminated stellar winds from the central star shape and shock the shell into an axially symmetric form, while producing a fast moving molecular wind.
The exact point when a PPN becomes a planetary nebula (PN) is defined by the temperature of the central star.
The PPN phase continues until the central star reaches a temperature of 30,000 K, after which is it hot enough to ionize the surrounding gas.
Article: Judo
Section: Judo versus Jujutsu

Question: Who renamed Judo?

 versus Jujutsu.
Central to Kano's vision for judo were the principles of and .
He illustrated the application of "seiryoku zen'yō" with the concept of :Kano realised that "seiryoku zen'yō", initially conceived as a Jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application.
Coupled with the Confucianist-influenced "jita kyōei", the wider application shaped the development of judo from a to a .
Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasised the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques.
He was convinced that practice of Jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general.
He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of Jujutsu:Kano believed that ""Jūjutsu"" was insufficient to describe his art: although means "art" or "means", it implies a method consisting of a collection of physical techniques.
Accordingly, he changed the second character to , meaning way, road or path, which implies a more philosophical context than "jutsu" and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of "tao".
Thus Kano renamed it .
Article: Photoelectric effect
Section: Emission mechanism

Question: What happens if the photon energy i s absorbed?

The photons of a light beam have a characteristic energy proportional to the frequency of the light.
In the photoemission process, if an electron within some material absorbs the energy of one photon and acquires more energy than the work function (the electron binding energy) of the material, it is ejected.
If the photon energy is too low, the electron is unable to escape the material.
Since an increase in the intensity of low-frequency light will only increase the number of low-energy photons sent over a given interval of time, this change in intensity will not create any single photon with enough energy to dislodge an electron.
Thus, the energy of the emitted electrons does not depend on the intensity of the incoming light, but only on the energy (equivalently frequency) of the individual photons.
It is an interaction between the incident photon and the outermost electrons.
Electrons can absorb energy from photons when irradiated, but they usually follow an "all or nothing" principle.
All of the energy from one photon must be absorbed and used to liberate one electron from atomic binding, or else the energy is re-emitted.
If the photon energy is absorbed, some of the energy liberates the electron from the atom, and the rest contributes to the electron's kinetic energy as a free particle.
Article: Dora Maar au Chat
Section: Abstract

Question: What does the "Dora Maar with Cat" painting by Pablo Picasso depict?

Dora Maar au Chat ("Dora Maar with Cat") is a 1941 painting by Pablo Picasso.
It depicts Dora Maar, the painter's lover, seated on a chair with a small cat perched on her shoulders.
This work is one of the world's most expensive paintings.
Article: Table tennis
Section: Scoring

Question: How do you score in table tennis?

A point is scored by the player for any of several results of the rally:
 The opponent fails to make a correct service or return.
 After making a service or a return, the ball touches anything other than the net assembly before being A game shall be won by the player first scoring 11 points unless both players score 10 points, when the game shall be won by the first player subsequently gaining a lead of 2 points.
A match shall consist of the best of any odd number of games.
In competition play, matches are typically best of five or seven games.
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Universal Studios Florida

Question: The park has how many themed areas?

Theme parks and attractions.
Universal Studios Florida.
This combined film production studio and theme park features is composed of themed areas and attractions based on the film industry.
Visitors enjoy themed dining and shopping, a variety of special events throughout the year, and may even catch an actual film crew at work on the backlot.
The original theme park in the resort, Universal Studios Florida opened on June 7, 1990, as a theme park that lets visitors "Ride the Movies."
The themes of Universal Studio's are targeted at making guests feel like they are in a movie set with rides, shows, and attractions inspired by popular film, television, and music productions.
The park consists of six themed areas – Hollywood, Production Central, New York, San Francisco, World Expo and Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone.
Article: Battle of Midway
Section: Japanese casualties

Question: What was the number of Japanese citizens that were killed during the Battle of Midway?

By the time the battle ended, 3,057 Japanese had died.
Casualties aboard the four carriers were:"Akagi": 267; "Kaga": 811; "Hiryu": 392; "Soryu": 711; a total of 2,181.
The heavy cruisers "Mikuma" (sunk; 700 casualties) and "Mogami" (badly damaged; 92) accounted for another 792 deaths.
In addition, the destroyers "Arashio" (bombed; 35) and "Asashio" (strafed by aircraft; 21) were both damaged during the air attacks which sank "Mikuma" and caused further damage to "Mogami".
Floatplanes were lost from the cruisers "Chikuma" (3) and "Tone" (2).
Dead aboard the destroyers "Tanikaze" (11), "Arashi" (1), "Kazagumo" (1) and the fleet oiler "Akebono Maru" (10) made up the remaining 23 casualties.
Article: Teen Wolf
Section: Box office

Question: What number did Teen wolf debut at?

Box office.
Released on August 23, 1985, "Teen Wolf" debuted at #2 in its opening weekend, behind "Back to the Future" (also starring Michael J.
Fox).
After its initial run, the film grossed $33,086,661 domestically, with a worldwide gross of about $80 million.
Article: Cricket
Section: Results

Question: What is "N"?

If the team that bats last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, the team is said to have "lost by "n" runs" (where "n" is the difference between the number of runs scored by the teams).
If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have "won by "n" wickets", where "n" is the number of wickets left to fall.
For instance a team that passes its opponents' score having only lost six wickets would have won "by four wickets".
In a two-innings-a-side match, one team's combined first and second innings total may be less than the other side's first innings total.
The team with the greater score is then said to have "won by an innings and "n" runs", and does not need to bat again: "n" is the difference between the two teams' aggregate scores.
If the team batting last is all out, and both sides have scored the same number of runs, then the match is a tie; this result is quite rare in matches of two innings a side.
In the traditional form of the game, if the time allotted for the match expires before either side can win, then the game is declared a draw.
If the match has only a single innings per side, then a maximum number of deliveries for each innings is often imposed.
Such a match is called a "limited overs" or "one-day" match, and the side scoring more runs wins regardless of the number of wickets lost, so that a draw cannot occur.
If this kind of match is temporarily interrupted by bad weather, then a complex mathematical formula, known as the Duckworth-Lewis method after its developers, is often used to recalculate a new target score.
A one-day match can also be declared a "no-result" if fewer than a previously agreed number of overs have been bowled by either team, in circumstances that make normal resumption of play impossible; for example, wet weather.
Article: Russia
Section: Energy

Question: How many rubles are to be allocated from the federal budget?

In recent years, Russia has frequently been described in the media as an energy superpower.
The country has the world's largest natural gas reserves, the 8th largest oil reserves, and the second largest coal reserves.
Russia is the world's leading natural gas exporter and second largest natural gas producer, while also the largest oil exporter and the largest oil producer.
On 1 January 2011, Russia said it had begun scheduled oil shipments to China, with the plan to increase the rate up to 300,000 barrels per day in 2011.
Russia is the 3rd largest electricity producer in the world and the 5th largest renewable energy producer, the latter because of the well-developed hydroelectricity production in the country.
Large cascades of hydropower plants are built in European Russia along big rivers like Volga.
The Asian part of Russia also features a number of major hydropower stations, however the gigantic hydroelectric potential of Siberia and the Russian Far East largely remains unexploited.
Russia was the first country to develop civilian nuclear power and to construct the world's first nuclear power plant.
Currently the country is the 4th largest nuclear energy producer, with all nuclear power in Russia being managed by Rosatom State Corporation.
The sector is rapidly developing, with an aim of increasing the total share of nuclear energy from current 16.9% to 23% by 2020.
The Russian government plans to allocate 127 billion rubles ($5.42 billion) to a federal program dedicated to the next generation of nuclear energy technology.
About 1 trillion rubles ($42.7 billion) is to be allocated from the federal budget to nuclear power and industry development before 2015.
Article: Terminator Salvation
Section: Box office

Question: What was the first day pull for Terminator salvation?

The film's first nationwide U.S. screenings were at 12 A.M. on Thursday, May 21, 2009, making $3 million from midnight screenings and earning $13.3 million in its first day and grossed an additional $42,558,390 on its 4-day Memorial Day opening weekend from 3,530 theaters.
It debuted at #2 behind "", giving it a lower first weekend take than its predecessor, becoming the first film in the series not to open at #1 and failing to meet Boxoffice Magazine predictions by 50%.
"Terminator Salvation" was more successful in its international release, opening at #1 in 66 of 70 territories through the first week of June, and continuing to be the highest-grossing film in the following week.
The film's total domestic gross was $125,322,469, along with $246,030,532 from overseas territories, for a worldwide gross of $371,353,001.
As of December 2009, the film ranks 14th for the year internationally and 23rd domestically (U.S. and Canada), which ranks it last in the series and puts it below initial expectations in terms of domestic gross and first weekend, as well as overall global take.
Article: Donatello
Section: Main works

Question: Where is "Madonna of the Clouds" on display?

 "St. Mark" (1411–1413), Orsanmichele, Florence
 St. George Tabernacle (c. 1415–1417) — Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
 "Prophet Habacuc" (1423–1425) — Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence
 "The Feast of Herod" (c. 1425) — Baptismal font, Baptistry of San Giovanni, Siena
 "David" (c. 1425–1430) — Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
 "Madonna of the Clouds" (c. 1425–35) marble relief, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
 "Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata" (1445–1450) — Piazza del Santo, Padua
 "Magdalene Penitent" (c. 1455) — Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence
 "Judith and Holofernes" (1455–1460) — Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
 "Virgin and Child with Four Angels" or "Chellini Madonna" (1456), Victoria and Albert Museum
Article: Wadjda
Section: Abstract

Question: What Saudian Arabian film was submitted for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards?

Wadjda () is a 2012 Saudi Arabian–German film, written and directed by Haifaa al-Mansour.
It is the first feature film shot entirely in Saudi Arabia and is the first feature-length film made by a female Saudi director.
It has won numerous awards at film festivals around the world.
The film was selected as the Saudi Arabian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
It was the first time Saudi Arabia submitted a film for the Best Foreign Language Oscar.
Article: Nucleic acid sequence
Section: Genetic testing

Question: What can genetic testing tell you?

The DNA in an organism's genome can be analyzed to diagnose vulnerabilities to inherited diseases, and can also be used to determine a child's paternity (genetic father) or a person's ancestry.
Normally, every person carries two variations of every gene, one inherited from their mother, the other inherited from their father.
The human genome is believed to contain around 20,000 - 25,000 genes.
In addition to studying chromosomes to the level of individual genes, genetic testing in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the possible presence of genetic diseases, or mutant forms of genes associated with increased risk of developing genetic disorders.
Genetic testing identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins.
Usually, testing is used to find changes that are associated with inherited disorders.
The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.
Several hundred genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed.
Article: Popcorn
Section: Abstract

Question: What's another way in which popcorn is referred to as?

Popcorn, also known as popping corn, is a type of corn (maize, "Zea mays var.
everta") that expands from the kernel and puffs up when heated.
Popcorn is able to pop because, like amaranth grain, sorghum, quinoa, and millet, its kernels have a hard moisture-sealed hull and a dense starchy interior.
Pressure builds inside the kernel, and a small explosion (or "pop") is the end result.
Some strains of corn are now cultivated specifically as popping corns.
There are various techniques for popping corn.
Along with prepackaged popcorn, which is generally intended to be prepared in a microwave oven, there are small home appliances for popping corn.
These methods require the use of minimally processed popping corn.
A larger-scale, commercial popcorn machine was invented by Charles Cretors in the late 19th century.
Unpopped popcorn is considered nonperishable and will last indefinitely if stored in ideal conditions.
Depending on how it is prepared and cooked, some consider popcorn to be a health food, while others caution against it for a variety of reasons.
Popcorn can also have non-food applications, ranging from holiday decorations to packaging materials.
Article: Golden Gate Park
Section: Music Concourse Area

Question: At what time did a series of improvements take place at the Music Concourse?

Major features.
Music Concourse Area.
The Music Concourse is a sunken, oval-shaped open-air plaza originally excavated for the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894.
Its focal point is the Spreckels Temple of Music, also called the "Bandshell," where numerous music performances have been staged.
It includes a number of statues of various historic figures, four fountains, and a regular grid array of heavily pollarded trees.
Since 2003, the Music Concourse has undergone a series of improvements to include an underground 800-car parking garage and pedestrianization of the plaza itself.
It is surrounded by various cultural attractions, including:
Article: Stem cell
Section: Identification

Question: What is a main identifier of stem cells?

In practice, stem cells are identified by whether they can regenerate tissue.
For example, the defining test for bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is the ability to transplant the cells and save an individual without HSCs.
This demonstrates that the cells can produce new blood cells over a long term.
It should also be possible to isolate stem cells from the transplanted individual, which can themselves be transplanted into another individual without HSCs, demonstrating that the stem cell was able to self-renew.
Properties of stem cells can be illustrated "in vitro", using methods such as clonogenic assays, in which single cells are assessed for their ability to differentiate and self-renew.
Stem cells can also be isolated by their possession of a distinctive set of cell surface markers.
However, "in vitro" culture conditions can alter the behavior of cells, making it unclear whether the cells will behave in a similar manner "in vivo".
There is considerable debate as to whether some proposed adult cell populations are truly stem cells.
Article: Badminton
Section: Singles

Question: Where are singles strokes in badminton normally directed?

The singles court is narrower than the doubles court, but the same length.
Since one person needs to cover the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to move as much as possible; this means that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the court.
Players exploit the length of the court by combining lifts and clears with drop shots and net shots.
Smashing tends to be less prominent in singles than in doubles because the smasher has no partner to follow up his effort and is thus vulnerable to a skillfully placed return.
Moreover, frequent smashing can be exhausting in singles where the conservation of a player's energy is at a premium.
However, players with strong smashes will sometimes use the shot to create openings, and players commonly smash weak returns to try to end rallies.
In singles, players will often start the rally with a forehand high serve or with a flick serve.
Low serves are also used frequently, either forehand or backhand.
Drive serves are rare.
At high levels of play, singles demands extraordinary fitness.
Singles is a game of patient positional manoeuvring, unlike the all-out aggression of doubles.
Article: The Thinker
Section: Casts

Question: What year was "The Thinker" moved to the Hotel Biron?

"The Thinker" has been cast in multiple versions and is found around the world; the history of the progression from models to castings is complicated and still not entirely clear.
About 28 monumental-sized bronze casts of the sculpture are in museums and public places.
In addition, there are sculptures of different study size scales and plaster versions (often painted bronze) in both monumental and study sizes.
Some newer castings have been produced posthumously and are not considered part of the original production.
Rodin made the first small plaster version around 1880.
The first large-scale bronze casting was finished in 1902 but not presented to the public until 1904.
It became the property of the city of Paris — thanks to a subscription organized by Rodin admirers — and was put in front of the Panthéon in 1906.
In 1922, it was moved to the Hôtel Biron, which had been transformed into the Rodin Museum.
The first cast sculpture can be found in front of Grawemeyer Hall on the University of Louisville Belknap Campus in Louisville, Kentucky.
Made in Paris, it was first displayed at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 and was then given to the city.
This sculpture was the only cast created by the lost-wax casting method.
Article: Equestrianism
Section: Overview of equestrian activities

Question: Which kinds of non-competitive reacreational riding activities can horses perform?

Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.
They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving, and rodeo.
(See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples.)
Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.
Horses (and other equids such as mules and donkeys) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.
There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches, and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.
Horses are also used for therapeutic purposes, both in specialized paraequestrian competition as well as non-competitive riding to improve human health and emotional development.
Horses are also driven in harness racing, at horse shows and in other types of exhibition, historical reenactment or ceremony, often pulling carriages.
In some parts of the world, they are still used for practical purposes such as farming.
Horses continue to be used in public service: in traditional ceremonies (parades, funerals), police and volunteer mounted patrols, and for mounted search and rescue.