community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Astrology
Section: Ancient objections

Question: The twins objections was stated by who?

Cicero stated the twins objection (that with close birth times, personal outcomes can be very different), later developed by Saint Augustine.
He argued that since the other planets are much more distant from the earth than the moon, they could have only very tiny influence compared to the moon's.
He also argued that if astrology explains everything about a person's fate, then it wrongly ignores the visible effect of inherited ability and parenting, changes in health worked by medicine, or the effects of the weather on people.
Plotinus argued that since the fixed stars are much more distant than the planets, it is laughable to imagine the planets' effect on mankind should depend on their position with respect to the zodiac.
He also argues that the interpretation of the moon's conjunction with a planet as good when the moon is full, but bad when the moon is waning, is clearly wrong, as from the moon's point of view, half of her surface is always in sunlight; and from the planet's point of view, waning should be better, as then the planet sees some light from the moon, but when the moon is full to us, it is dark, and therefore bad, on the side facing the planet.
Favorinus argued that it was absurd to imagine that stars and planets would affect human bodies in the same way as they affect the tides, and equally absurd that small motions in the heavens cause large changes in people's fates.
Sextus Empiricus argued that it was absurd to link human attributes with myths about the signs of the zodiac.
Carneades argued that belief in fate denies free will and morality; that people born at different times can all die in the same accident or battle; and that contrary to uniform influences from the stars, tribes and cultures are all different.
Article: Biochemistry
Section: Abstract

Question: Which field in Biology studies chemical processes within and relating to living organisms?

Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.
Over the last 40 years, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine are engaged in biochemical research.
Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.
Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life.
Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.
Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life.
The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions.
These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins.
The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism.
The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture.
In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease.
In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies.
In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.
Article: NCIS (TV series)
Section: Abstract

Question: Describe the show NCIS.

NCIS (TV series)NCIS is an American police procedural drama television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps.
The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series "JAG" (season eight episodes "Ice Queen" and "Meltdown").
The show, a spin-off from "JAG", premiered on September 23, 2003, on CBS.
To date it has aired for ten full seasons and has gone into broadcast syndication on USA Network.
Donald P. Bellisario is co-creator, along with Don McGill, as well as executive producer.
"NCIS" was originally referred to as Navy NCIS during season one; "Navy" was later dropped from the title.
In season seven, "NCIS" led to a spin-off series, "", starring Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J.
In 2011, "NCIS" was voted America’s favorite television show.
The series finished its tenth season as the most-watched television series in the U.S. during the 2012–13 TV season.
On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season.
Article: Disney's Animal Kingdom
Section: Controversy

Question: What was the name of the organization that tried to stop travel agents from booking trips to Disney's Animal Kingdom?

Even in planning stages, various Florida based animal rights groups and PETA did not like the idea of Disney creating a theme park where animals were held in captivity.
The groups protested, and PETA tried to convince travel agents not to book trips to the park.
A few weeks before the park opened, a number of animals died due to accidents.
The United States Department of Agriculture viewed most of the cases and found no violations of animal-welfare regulations.
On opening day, the Orange County Sheriff's office sent about 150 deputies in fear that there may be a large protest, but only two dozen protesters showed up.
The protest lasted two hours, and there were no arrests.
One year after the park opened, Animal Rights Foundation of Florida complained that a New Year's Eve fireworks show could upset the animals.
A USDA inspector came to the park and found no problems with launching low-noise fireworks half a mile away.
Article: Basketball
Section: Rebounding

Question: Which is the defending team getting possession of a loose ball?

The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard.
This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot.
There are two categories of rebounds: offensive rebounds, in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side and does not change possession, and defensive rebounds, in which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball.
The majority of rebounds are defensive, as the team on defense tends to be in better position to recover missed shots.
Article: Tennis
Section: Junior tennis

Question: How do Juniors who play tennis earn any money?

In tennis, a junior is a player 18 and under who is still legally protected by a parent or guardian.
Players on the main adult tour who are under 18 must have documents signed by a parent or guardian.
These players, however, are still eligible to play in junior tournaments.
The International Tennis Federation (ITF) conducts a junior tour that allows juniors to establish a world ranking and an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranking.
Most juniors who enter the international circuit do so by progressing through ITF, Satellite, Future, and Challenger tournaments before entering the main circuit.
The latter three circuits also have adults competing in them.
Some juniors, however, such as Australian Lleyton Hewitt and Frenchman Gaël Monfils, have catapulted directly from the junior tour to the ATP tour by dominating the junior scene or by taking advantage of opportunities given to them to participate in professional tournaments.
In 2004, the ITF implemented a new rankings scheme to encourage greater participation in doubles, by combining two rankings (singles and doubles) into one combined tally.
Junior tournaments do not offer prize money except for the Grand Slam tournaments, which are the most prestigious junior events.
Juniors may earn income from tennis by participating in the Future, Satellite, or Challenger tours.
Tournaments are broken up into different tiers offering different amounts of ranking points, culminating with Grade A.
Leading juniors are allowed to participate for their nation in the Junior Fed Cup and Davis Cup competitions.
To succeed in tennis often means having to begin playing at a young age.
To facilitate and nurture a junior's growth in tennis, almost all tennis playing nations have developed a junior development system.
Juniors develop their play through a range of tournaments on all surfaces, accommodating all different standards of play.
Talented juniors may also receive sponsorships from governing bodies or private institutions.
Article: Bacon
Section: Nutrients

Question: How much cholesterol is found in an ounce of bacon?

One rasher of cooked streaky bacon contains of fat, and of protein.
Four pieces of bacon can also contain up to 800 mg of sodium, which is roughly equivalent to 1.92 grams of salt.
The fat and protein content varies depending on the cut and cooking method.68% of bacon's calories come from fat, almost half of which are saturated.
Each ounce of bacon contains 30 milligrams of cholesterol.
Article: Nigeria
Section: Military

Question: What was the Nigerian Military charged with ?

The Nigerian Military are charged with protecting The Federal Republic of Nigeria, promoting Nigeria's global security interests, and supporting peacekeeping efforts especially in West Africa.
The Nigerian Military consist of an army, a navy and an air force.
The military in Nigeria have played a major role in the country's history since independence.
Various juntas have seized control of the country and ruled it through most of its history.
Its last period of rule ended in 1999 following the sudden death of former dictator Sani Abacha in 1998, with his successor, Abdulsalam Abubakar, handing over power to the democratically elected government of Olusegun Obasanjo in 1999.
Taking advantage of its role as Africa's most populated country, Nigeria has repositioned its military as an African peacekeeping force.
Since 1995, the Nigerian military through ECOMOG mandates have been deployed as peacekeepers in Liberia (1997), Ivory Coast (1997–1999), Sierra Leone 1997–1999, and presently in Sudan's Darfur region under an African Union mandate.
Article: World War II
Section: Mediterranean (1940–41)

Question: Who was victorious during World, War Two in the Mediterranean area the Axis or Allies?

Mediterranean (1940–41).
Italy began operations in the Mediterranean, initiating a siege of Malta in June, conquering British Somaliland in August, and making an incursion into British-held Egypt in September 1940.
In October 1940, Italy started the Greco-Italian War due to Mussolini's jealousy of Hitler's success but within days was repulsed and pushed back into Albania, where a stalemate soon occurred.
The United Kingdom responded to Greek requests for assistance by sending troops to Crete and providing air support to Greece.
Hitler decided to take action against Greece when the weather improved to assist the Italians and prevent the British from gaining a foothold in the Balkans, to strike against the British naval dominance of the Mediterranean, and to secure his hold on Romanian oil.
In December 1940, British Commonwealth forces began counter-offensives against Italian forces in Egypt and Italian East Africa.
The offensive in North Africa was highly successful and by early February 1941 Italy had lost control of eastern Libya and large numbers of Italian troops had been taken prisoner.
The Italian Navy also suffered significant defeats, with the Royal Navy putting three Italian battleships out of commission by a carrier attack at Taranto, and neutralising several more warships at the Battle of Cape Matapan.
The Germans soon intervened to assist Italy.
Hitler sent German forces to Libya in February, and by the end of March they had launched an offensive which drove back the Commonwealth forces who had been weakened to support Greece.
In under a month, Commonwealth forces were pushed back into Egypt with the exception of the besieged port of Tobruk.
The Commonwealth attempted to dislodge Axis forces in May and again in June, but failed on both occasions.
By late March 1941, following Bulgaria's signing of the Tripartite Pact, the Germans were in position to intervene in Greece.
Plans were changed, however, due to developments in neighbouring Yugoslavia.
The Yugoslav government had signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March, only to be overthrown two days later by a British-encouraged coup.
Hitler viewed the new regime as hostile and immediately decided to eliminate it.
On 6 April Germany simultaneously invaded both Yugoslavia and Greece, making rapid progress and forcing both nations to surrender within the month.
The British were driven from the Balkans after Germany conquered the Greek island of Crete by the end of May.
Although the Axis victory was swift, bitter partisan warfare subsequently broke out against the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, which continued until the end of the war.
The Allies did have some successes during this time.
In the Middle East, Commonwealth forces first quashed an uprising in Iraq which had been supported by German aircraft from bases within Vichy-controlled Syria, then, with the assistance of the Free French, invaded Syria and Lebanon to prevent further such occurrences.
Article: Astrology
Section: Mediaeval objections

Question: How did John Gower define the limits of astrology?

In the seventh century, Isidore of Seville argued in his "Etymologiae" that astronomy described the movements of the heavens, while astrology had two parts: one was scientific, describing the movements of the sun, the moon and the stars, while the other, making predictions, was theologically erroneous.
In contrast, John Gower in the fourteenth century defined astrology as essentially limited to the making of predictions.
The influence of the stars was in turn divided into natural astrology, with for example effects on tides and the growth of plants, and judicial astrology, with supposedly predictable effects on people.
The fourteenth century skeptic Nicole Oresme however included astronomy as a part of astrology in his "Livre de divinacions".
Oresme argued that current approaches to prediction of events such as plagues, wars, and weather were inappropriate, but that such prediction was a valid field of inquiry.
However, he attacked the use of astrology to choose the timing of actions (so-called interrogation and election) as wholly false, and rejected the determination of human action by the stars on grounds of free will.
The friar Laurens Pignon (c. 1368–1449) similarly rejected all forms of divination and determinism, including by the stars, in his 1411 "Contre les Devineurs".
This was in opposition to the tradition carried by the Arab astronomer Albumasar (787-886) whose "Introductorium in Astronomiam" and "De Magnis Coniunctionibus" argued the view that both individual actions and larger scale history are determined by the stars.
Article: Life Is Beautiful
Section: Reception

Question: When was the film Life is Beautiful released?

"Life is Beautiful" became commercially successful.
After Miramax Films released the film on 23 October 1998 in the United States, the film went on to gross $57,563,264 in North America, and $171,600,000 internationally, with a worldwide gross of $229,163,264.
It is the highest grossing movie to be made in Italy, and the second highest grossing foreign film in the United States.
The film also received mostly positive reviews, with the film aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes giving the film a "Fresh" 80% rating.
Despite its acclaim, actor-director Roberto Benigni received criticism for its comedic elements incorporated into the backdrop of the Holocaust.
Roger Ebert gave the film 3 1/2 stars, stating, "At Cannes, it offended some left-wing critics with its use of humor in connection with the Holocaust.
What may be most offensive to both wings is its sidestepping of politics in favor of simple human ingenuity.
The film finds the right notes to negotiate its delicate subject matter."
Article: Republic of Ireland
Section: Healthcare

Question: Who provides Healthcare in Ireland?

Although the Irish healthcare system comes under constant criticism from politicians and the public, Ireland has one of the most developed systems of healthcare in the world and healthcare professionals who are highly trained.
Healthcare in Ireland is provided by both public and private healthcare providers.
The Minister for Health has responsibility for setting overall health service policy.
Every resident of Ireland is entitled to receive health care through the public health care system, which is managed by the Health Service Executive and funded by general taxation.
A person may be required to pay a subsidised fee for certain health care received; this depends on income, age, illness or disability.
All maternity services are provided free of charge and children up to the age of 6 months.
Emergency care is provided to patients who present to a hospital Emergency Department.
However, visitors to Emergency Departments in non-emergency situations who are not referred by their GP may incur a fee of €100.
In some circumstances this fee is not payable or may be waived.
Anyone holding a European Health Insurance Card is entitled to free maintenance and treatment in public beds in Health Service Executive and voluntary hospitals.
Outpatient services are also provided for free.
However, the majority of patients on median incomes or above are required to pay subsidised hospital charges.
Private health insurance is available to the population for those who want to avail of it.
The average life expectancy in Ireland in 2012 is 81 years (OECD average life expectancy in 2012 was 80 years), with 78.2 years for men and 83.6 years for women.
It has the highest birth rate in the EU (16.8 births per 1,000 inhabitants, compared to an EU average of 10.7) and a very low infant mortality rate (3.5 per 1,000 live births).
The Irish healthcare system ranked 13th out of 34 European countries in 2012 according to the European Health Consumer Index produced by Health Consumer Powerhouse.
The same report ranked The Irish healthcare system as having the 8th best health outcomes but only the 21st most accessible system in Europe.
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Origins and songwriting

Question: What does Sting say the song is about?

The lyrics are the words of a sinister, controlling character, who is watching "every breath you take; every move you make".
Sting later said he was disconcerted by how many people think the song is more positive than it is.
He insists it's about the obsession with a lost lover, and the jealousy and surveillance that follow.
"One couple told me 'Oh we love that song; it was the main song played at our wedding!'
I thought, 'Well, good luck.'"
When asked why he appears angry in the music video Sting told BBC Radio 2, "I think the song is very, very sinister and ugly and people have actually misinterpreted it as being a gentle little love song, when it's quite the opposite.
"According to the "Back to Mono" box-set book, "Every Breath You Take" is influenced by a Gene Pitney song titled "Every Breath I Take".
The song's structure is a variation on the Classical rondo form with its AABACABA structure, a form rarely found in modern popular music.
The demo of the song was recorded in an eight track suite in North London's Utopia studios and featured Sting singing over a Hammond organ.
While recording, Summers came up with a guitar part inspired by Béla Bartók that would later become a trademark lick, and played it straight through in one take.
He was asked to put guitar onto a simple backing track of bass, drums, and a single vocal, with Sting offering no directive beyond "make it your own.
"The recording process was fraught with difficulties as personal tensions between the band members, particularly Sting and Stewart Copeland, came to the fore.
Producer Hugh Padgham claimed that by the time of the recording sessions, Sting and Copeland "hated each other", with verbal and physical fights in the studio common.
The tensions almost led to the recording sessions being cancelled until a meeting involving the band and the group's manager, Miles Copeland (Stewart's brother), resulted in an agreement to continue.
The drum track was largely created through separate overdubs of each percussive instrument, with the main backbeat created by simultaneously playing a snare and a gong drum.
Keyboard parts were added from Roland guitar synthesisers, a Prophet-5 and an Oberheim synthesiser.
The single-note piano in the middle eight was recommended by Padgham, inspired by similar work that he had done with the group XTC.
Article: Peking duck
Section: Serving

Question: Where is the Peking Duck carved?

The cooked Peking Duck is traditionally carved in front of the diners and served in three stages.
First, the skin is served dipped in sugar and garlic sauce.
The meat is then served with steamed pancakes (), spring onions and sweet bean sauce.
Several vegetable dishes are provided to accompany the meat, typically cucumbersticks.
The diners spread sauce, and optionally sugar, over the pancake.
The pancake is wrapped around the meat with the vegetables and eaten by hand.
The remaining fat, meat and bones may be made into a broth, served as is, or the meat chopped up and stir fried with sweet bean sauce.
Otherwise, they are packed up to be taken home by the customers.
Article: I Believe I Can Fly
Section: Abstract

Question: What movie is the song "I Believe I Can Fly" on the soundtrack?

"I Believe I Can Fly" is a 1996 song by R&B singer R. Kelly.
The song was written, produced and performed by Kelly and was featured on the soundtrack to the 1996 film "Space Jam".
It was originally released on November 26, 1996, but later appeared in Kelly's 1998 album "R.".
In early 1997, "I Believe I Can Fly" reached number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100; it was kept from the No.
1 spot by Toni Braxton's "Un-Break My Heart".
Despite the fact that two of R. Kelly's songs did reach number one, "I Believe I Can Fly" remains the biggest hit of R. Kelly's career.
The single was number one on the R&B Singles chart (for six nonconsecutive weeks), and also topped the charts in the United Kingdom.
It has won three Grammy Awards, and was ranked No.
406 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004.
The music video was directed by Hype Williams.