community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Austria
Section: History

Question: What year did the Babenbergs aquired the Duchy of Styria?

Settled in ancient times, the Central European land that is now Austria was occupied in pre-Roman times by various Celtic tribes.
The Celtic kingdom of Noricum was later claimed by the Roman Empire and made a province.
Present day Petronell-Carnuntum in Eastern Austria was an important army camp turned capital city in what became known as the Upper Pannonia province.
Carnuntum was home for 50,000 people for nearly 400 years.
After the fall of the Roman Empire the area was invaded by Bavarians, Slavs and Avars.
Charlemagne conquered the area in AD 788, encouraged colonisation and introduced Christianity.
As part of Eastern Francia, the core areas that now encompass Austria were bequeathed to the house of Babenberg.
The area was known as the "marchia Orientalis" and was given to Leopold of Babenberg in 976.
The first record showing the name Austria is from 996, where it is written as "Ostarrîchi", referring to the territory of the Babenberg March.
In 1156 the Privilegium Minus elevated Austria to the status of a duchy.
In 1192, the Babenbergs also acquired the Duchy of Styria.
With the death of Frederick II in 1246, the line of the Babenbergs was extinguished.
As a result Ottokar II of Bohemia effectively assumed control of the duchies of Austria, Styria and Carinthia.
His reign came to an end with his defeat at Dürnkrut at the hands of Rudolph I of Germany in 1278.
Thereafter, until World War I, Austria's history was largely that of its ruling dynasty, the Habsburgs.
Article: Hey Jude
Section: Composition and structure

Question: What three chords does McCartney generally make use of?

"Hey Jude" begins with McCartney singing lead vocals and playing the piano.
The patterns McCartney plays are based on three chords: F, C, and B-flat (I, V and IV); the second verse adds accompaniment by guitar and a single tambourine.
The main chord progression is "flipped on its head" for the coda since the C chord is replaced by E-flat.
Author Tim Riley notes, "As Ringo offers a restrained tom-tom and cymbal fill, the piano shifts downward to add a flat seventh to the tonic chord, making the downbeat of the bridge the point of arrival ('And any time you feel the "pain"')."
At the end of each bridge, McCartney sings a brief phrase ("Na-na-na na ...") and plays a piano fill which leads to the next verse; the phrase McCartney sings serves to "reorient the harmony for the verse as the piano figure turns upside down into a vocal aside."
Additional details, such as tambourine on the third verse and subtle harmonies that accompany the lead vocal, are added to sustain the interest of the listener throughout the four-verse, two-bridge song.
The verse-bridge structure of the song persists for approximately three minutes, after which the band leads into a four-minute-long coda.
During the coda, the rest of the band, backed by an orchestra that also provides backing vocals, repeats the phrase "Na-na-na na" followed by the words "hey Jude" until the song gradually fades out.
"Time" magazine described the coda as "a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records."
Riley notes the repeated chord progression of the coda (I-VII-IV-I) "answers all the musical questions raised at the beginnings and ends of bridges," for "The flat seventh that pose dominant turns into bridges now has an entire chord built on it."
This three-chord refrain allows McCartney "a bedding ... to leap about on vocally", so he ad-libs his vocal performance for the rest of the song.
Riley concludes that the song "becomes a tour of Paul's vocal range: from the graceful inviting tones of the opening verse, through the mounting excitement of the song itself, to the surging raves of the coda."
Article: Human swimming
Section: Sport

Question: How long are pools for FINA events?

Swimming as a sport predominantly involves competition among participants to be the fastest over a given distance under self propulsion.
Different distances are swum in different levels of competition.
For example, swimming has been part of Olympic Swimming since 1896, and the current program contains events from 50m to 1500m in length, across all four main strokes and medley.
The sport is governed internationally by the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), and competition pools for FINA events are 25 or 50 metres in length.
In the United States of America, USA Swimming is the governing body and a pool 25 yards in length is commonly used for competition.
There are other swimming and water related sporting disciplines including diving, synchronised swimming and water polo, as well as sports which include a swimming element, such as triathlon and modern pentathlon.
Article: Croquet
Section: Captain Moreton's Eglinton Castle

Question: What is the name of the booklet that is is the earliest known reference to croquet in Scotland?

The earliest known reference to croquet in Scotland is the booklet "The Game of Croquet, its Laws and Regulations" which was published in the mid-1860s for the proprietor of Eglinton Castle, the Earl of Eglinton.
On the page facing the title page is a picture of Eglinton Castle with a game of "croquet" in full swing.
The croquet lawn existed on the northern terrace, between Eglinton Castle and the Lugton Water.
The 13th Earl developed a variation on croquet named Captain Moreton's Eglinton Castle croquet, which had small bells on the eight hoops "to ring the changes", two pegs, a double hoop with a bell and two tunnels for the ball to pass through.
In 1865 the 'Rules of the Eglinton Castle and Cassiobury Croquet' was published by Edmund Routledge.
Several incomplete sets of this form of croquet are known to exist, and one complete set is still used for demonstration games in the West of Scotland.
It is not known why the earl named the game thus.
Article: The Invisible War
Section: Members of Congress

Question: In the movie The Invisible War, what state is congressman Mike Turner from?

 Chellie Pingree, (D, Maine)
 Louise Slaughter (D, New York)
 Mike Turner (R, Ohio)
 Loretta Sanchez (D, California)
 Jackie Speier (D, California)
 Ted Poe (R, Texas)
 Susan Davis, (D, California)
 Niki Tsongas, (D, Massachusetts)
Article: Juice
Section: Health benefits

Question: How many ounces of juice should kids drink a day?

Juices are often consumed for their perceived health benefits.
For example, orange juice is rich in vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, is an excellent source of bioavailable antioxidant phytochemicals and significantly improves blood lipid profiles in people affected with hypercholesterolemia.
Prune juice is associated with a digestive health benefit.
Cranberry juice has long been known to help prevent or even treat bladder infections, and it is now known that a substance in cranberries prevents bacteria from binding to the bladder.
Many fruit juices have a higher sugar (fructose) content than sweetened soft drinks; e.g., typical grape juice has 50% more sugar than Coca-Cola.
While soft drinks (e.g.
Coca-Cola) cause oxidative stress when ingested and may even lead to insulin resistance in the long term, the same thing cannot be attributed to fruit juices.
On the contrary, fruit juices are actually known for their ability to raise serum antioxidant capacity and even offset the oxidative stress and inflammation normally caused by high-fat and high-sugar meals.
Fruit juice consumption overall in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the US has increased in recent years, probably due to public perception of juices as a healthy natural source of nutrients and increased public interest in health issues.
Indeed, fruit juice intake has been consistently associated with reduced risk of many cancer types, might be protective against stroke and delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
The perception of commercial fruit juice as equal in health benefit to fresh fruit has been questioned, mainly because it lacks fiber and has often been highly processed.
High-fructose corn syrup, an ingredient of many juice cocktails, has been linked to the increased incidence of type II diabetes.
High consumption of juice is also linked to weight gain in some studies, but not in others.
In a controlled clinical study, regular consumption of grape juice for 12 weeks did not cause any weight gain in volunteers, but consumption of a soft drink did.
Fruit juice in moderate amounts can help children and adults meet daily recommendations for fruit consumption, nutrient intake and calories.
The American Academy of Pediatrics says that fruit juice should not be given to infants before 6 months of age.
For children ages 1 to 6, intake of fruit juice should be limited to 4 to 6 ounces per day (about a half to three-quarters of a cup).
Giving children excessive juice can lead to poor nutrition, diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, bloating, and tooth decay.
Article: Stonehenge
Section: Stonehenge 3 IV (2280 BC to 1930 BC)

Question: Which phase saw rearrangement of the bluestones?

 3 IV (2280 BC to 1930 BC).
This phase saw further rearrangement of the bluestones.
They were arranged in a circle between the two rings of sarsens and in an oval at the centre of the inner ring.
Some archaeologists argue that some of these bluestones were from a second group brought from Wales.
All the stones formed well-spaced uprights without any of the linking lintels inferred in Stonehenge 3 III.
The Altar Stone may have been moved within the oval at this time and re-erected vertically.
Although this would seem the most impressive phase of work, Stonehenge 3 IV was rather shabbily built compared to its immediate predecessors, as the newly re-installed bluestones were not well-founded and began to fall over.
However, only minor changes were made after this phase.
Article: Chernobyl disaster
Section: The United Nations Development Programme

Question: What organization works in Cernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine?

The United Nations Development Programme has launched in 2003 a specific project called the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme (CRDP) for the recovery of the affected areas.
The programme was initiated in February 2002 based on the recommendations in the report on Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident.
The main goal of the CRDP's activities is supporting the Government of Ukraine in mitigating long-term social, economic, and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe.
CRDP works in the four most Chernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine: Kyivska, Zhytomyrska, Chernihivska and Rivnenska.
Article: The Selfish Giant (2013 film)
Section: Cast

Question: Arbor is portrayed by which person?

 Conner Chapman as Arbor
 Shaun Thomas as Swifty
 Sean Gilder as Kitten
 Lorraine Ashbourne as Mary
 Ian Burfield as Mick Brazil
 Steve Evets as Price Drop Swift
 Siobhan Finneran as Mrs. Swift
 Ralph Ineson as Johnny Jones
 Rebecca Manley as Michelle 'Shelly' Fenton
 Rhys McCoy as Daniel
 Elliott Tittensor as Martin Fenton
 Kayle Stephens as chip & pin driver
Article: The Lord of the Rings
Section: Reception

Question: what award did lord of the rings win in 2009

While early reviews for The Lord of the Rings were mixed, reviews in various media have been, on the whole, highly positive and acknowledge Tolkien's literary achievement as a significant one.
On its initial review the "Sunday Telegraph" felt it was "among the greatest works of imaginative fiction of the twentieth century."
The "Sunday Times" seemed to echo these sentiments when in its review it was stated that "the English-speaking world is divided into those who have read "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit" and those who are going to read them."
The "New York Herald Tribune" also seemed to have an idea of how popular the books would become, writing in its review that they were "destined to outlast our time."
W. H. Auden, an admirer of Tolkien's writings, regarded "The Lord of the Rings" as a "masterpiece", further stating that in some cases it outdid the achievement of John Milton's "Paradise Lost".
"New York Times" reviewer Judith Shulevitz criticized the "pedantry" of Tolkien's literary style, saying that he "formulated a high-minded belief in the importance of his mission as a literary preservationist, which turns out to be death to literature itself."
Critic Richard Jenkyns, writing in "The New Republic", criticized the work for a lack of psychological depth.
Both the characters and the work itself are, according to Jenkyns, "anemic, and lacking in fibre."
Even within Tolkien's literary group, The Inklings, reviews were mixed.
Hugo Dyson complained loudly at its readings.
However, another Inkling, C. S. Lewis, had very different feelings, writing, "here are beauties which pierce like swords or burn like cold iron.
Here is a book which will break your heart."
Despite these reviews and its lack of paperback printing until the 1960s, "The Lord of the Rings" initially sold well in hardback.
In 1957, "The Lord of the Rings" was awarded the International Fantasy Award.
Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped "The Lord of the Rings" become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s.
The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys.
In the 2003 "Big Read" survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, "The Lord of the Rings" was found to be the "Nation's best-loved book."
In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found "The Lord of the Rings" to be their favourite book.
In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, "The Lord of the Rings" was judged to be their favourite "book of the millennium."
"The Lord of the Rings" was awarded the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award in 2009.
Article: Disney's Hollywood Studios
Section: Hollywood Boulevard

Question: What parades march down Hollywood Boulevard, also where is the Disney Hollywood Studios entrance?

Hollywood Boulevard serves as the park's main entrance and is lined with themed streetscape facades and venues selling Disney merchandise and park services.
Parades such as the Pixar Block Party Bash travel down Hollywood Boulevard on their route through the park, and live street entertainment can be found here throughout the day.
Michael Eisner, who had a major part in the park's creation ever since the earliest development, demanded the opening land operate on the same principle as Main Street, U.S.A. but in a style more fitting to the Studios.
At the far end of Hollywood Boulevard stands the Sorcerer's Hat, the park's landmark icon.
Behind the structure, resides a replica landmark building of the The Chinese Theater which houses the The Great Movie Ride, a dark ride paying homage to several classic films, including "Singing in the Rain", "The Wizard of Oz" and "Raiders of the Lost Ark".
Within proximity to Hollywood Boulevard, near the entrance of Animation Courtyard, resides The Hollywood Brown Derby restaurant, a themed replica of the original Brown Derby restaurant in Hollywood, California.
Article: Zero Dark Thirty
Section: Accolades

Question: How many Golden Globe Awards was "Zero Dark Thirty" nominated for?

"Zero Dark Thirty" was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Picture,Best Actress, Best Original Screenplay, Best Sound Editing and Best Film Editing.
Paul N. J. Ottosson won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, tying with "Skyfall".
This was only the sixth tie in Academy Awards history, and the first since 1994.
"Zero Dark Thirty" was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, with Chastain winning Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama.
The Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association's award for Best Director was given to Bigelow, the second time the honor has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for "The Hurt Locker").
The film swept critics groups' awards for Best Director and Best Picture including the Washington D.C., New York Film Critics Online, Chicago and Boston film critics associations.
Article: Teen Wolf
Section: Abstract

Question: Who was the star of 1985's "Teen Wolf" film?

Teen Wolf is a 1985 American fantasy comedy film released by Atlantic Releasing Corporation starring Michael J.
Fox as Scott Howard, a high school student who discovers that his family has an unusual pedigree when he finds himself transforming into a werewolf.
The film was directed by Rod Daniel based on a script co-written by Joseph Loeb III, Matthew Weisman, and Tim Hayes.
Article: Tug of war
Section: Origins

Question: What century did "tug of war" get its name?

The origins of tug of war are uncertain, but it is beyond dispute that this once royal sport was practised in ancient Egypt, Greece and China, where it was held in legend that the Sun and Moon played Tug of War over the light and darkness.
It is also widely believed the sport was made popular in Great Britain by Lord Elliott Simpson, in the 16th Century.
Simpson was a keen tugger.
According to a Tang dynasty book, The Notes of Feng, tug of war, under the name "hook pulling"(牵钩), was used by the military commander of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period (8th century BC to 5th century BC) to train warriors.
During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang promoted large-scale tug of war games, using ropes of up to 167 meters or (547.9 feet) with shorter ropes attached and more than 500 people on each end of the rope.
Each side also had its own team of drummers to encourage the participants.
In ancient Greece the sport was called "helkustinda" (Greek: ἑλκυστίνδα), "efelkustinda" (ἐφελκυστίνδα) and "dielkustinda" (διελκυστίνδα), which derives from "dielkō" (διέλκω), meaning amongst others "I pull through", all deriving from the verb "helkō" (ἕλκω), "I draw, I pull".
"Helkustinda" and "efelkustinda" seem to have been ordinary versions of tug of war, while "dielkustinda" had no rope, according to Julius Pollux.
It is possible that the teams held hands when pulling, which would have increased difficulty, since handgrips are more difficult to sustain than a grip of a rope.
Tug of war games in ancient Greece were among the most popular games used for strength and would help build strength needed for battle in full armor.
Archeological evidence shows that tug of war was also popular in India in 12th century AD:Tug of war stories about heroic champions from Scandinavia and Germany circulate Western Europe where Viking warriors pull animal skins over open pits of fire in tests of strength and endurance in preparation for battle and plunder.1500 and 1600 – tug of war is popularised during tournaments in French châteaux gardens and later in Great Britain1800 – tug of war begins a new tradition among seafaring men who were required to tug on lines to adjust sails while ships were under way and even in battle.
The Mohave Indians occasionally used tug-of-war matches as means of settling disputes.
The "Oxford English Dictionary" says that the phrase "tug of war" originally meant "the decisive contest; the real struggle or tussle; a severe contest for supremacy".
Only in the 19th century was it used as a term for an athletic contest between two teams who haul at the opposite ends of a rope.
Article: Vincent van Gogh
Section: Influence

Question: Who did Van Gogh admit that he didn't have children to?

In his final letter to Theo, Van Gogh admitted that as he did not have any children, he viewed his paintings as his progeny.
Reflecting on this, the historian Simon Schama concluded that he "did have a child of course, Expressionism, and many, many heirs."
Schama mentioned many artists who have adapted elements of Van Gogh's style, including Willem de Kooning, Howard Hodgkin and Jackson Pollock.
The Fauves extended both his use of color and freedom in application, as did German Expressionists of the Die Brücke group, and as other early modernists.
Abstract Expressionism of the 1940s and 1950s is seen as in part inspired from Van Gogh's broad, gestural brush strokes.
In the words of art critic Sue Hubbard: "At the beginning of the twentieth century Van Gogh gave the Expressionists a new painterly language that enabled them to go beyond surface appearance and penetrate deeper essential truths.
It is no coincidence that at this very moment Freud was also mining the depths of that essentially modern domain – the subconscious.
This beautiful and intelligent exhibition places Van Gogh where he firmly belongs; as the trailblazer of modern art.
"In 1957, Francis Bacon (1909–1992) based a series of paintings on reproductions of Van Gogh's "The Painter on the Road to Tarascon", the original of which was destroyed during World War II.
Bacon was inspired by not only an image he described as "haunting", but also Van Gogh himself, whom Bacon regarded as an alienated outsider, a position which resonated with Bacon.
The Irish artist further identified with Van Gogh's theories of art and quoted lines written in a letter to Theo, "painters do not paint things as they are...
They paint them as "they themselves" feel them to be."
An exhibition devoted to Vincent van Gogh's letters took place in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam from October 2009 to January 2010 and then moved to the Royal Academy in London from late January to April.
The Van Gogh Museum hosted an exhibition "Van Gogh at Work" featuring 200 paintings and drawings, 150 of them by van Gogh and others including Paul Gauguin and Émile Bernard; from May 1, 2013 until January 12, 2014.
Article: Up Series
Section: Jackie

Question: At what age did Jackie Bassett get married?

Jackie Bassett was one of three girls who were chosen from the same primary school as Lynn and Sue, in a working-class neighbourhood of London (East).
She eventually went to a comprehensive school and married at age 19.
Jackie went through several different jobs, divorced, remarried and moved to Scotland, divorced again and raised her 3 sons as a single parent.
As of 56 Up she's been on disability for 14 years, and is very close to her second mother in law who's been recently diagnosed with terminal cancer.
Her family remains close and lives near each other in Scotland.
Article: Nucleic acid sequence
Section: Abstract

Question: What is another commonly mistaken term for "primary structure"?

A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.
By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end to the 3' end.
Because nucleic acids are normally linear (unbranched) polymers, specifying the sequence is equivalent to defining the covalent structure of the entire molecule.
For this reason, the nucleic acid sequence is also termed the primary structure.
The sequence has capacity to represent information.
Biological DNA represents the information which directs the functions of a living thing.
In that context, the term genetic sequence is often used.
Sequences can be read from the biological raw material through DNA sequencing methods.
Nucleic acids also have a secondary structure and tertiary structure.
Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly referred to as "primary sequence".
Conversely, there is no parallel concept of secondary or tertiary sequence.