community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Racquetball
Section: Game variations

Question: How many participants can partake in a game of racquetball?

Racquetball games can be played with two, three or four players, with doubles or singles matches being most common.
Two player games are called singles or "one-up" (one vs. one for the entire game), while four player games are doubles with two pairs playing against each other (two vs. two for the entire game).
Tournament competitions have divisions for singles or doubles or both.
Three-player games are most commonly called "Cut-throat" and sometimes "Ironman" (two-on-one for the entire game) where each player takes turns serving to the other two, who play as a team against the serving player.
Another three-player game is "California", "In-and-Out", or "King of the Court" where play is 1 vs. 1 with the third player remaining in the back court out of play while the other two play a rally; the rally winner then serves to the player who was sitting out, and the rally loser stays out of play.
Another three-player variation is "Sevens" in which one player plays against two players as a team, with the game being played to seven points; if the two player team gets to seven first, the game is over, but if the solo player gets to seven first then the game continues to 14; if the solo player again reaches 14 first, then the game continues to 21, where the game ends regardless of whether the solo player or the two player team reach 21 first.
Article: Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)
Section: Provenances

Question: Who bought one of the Van Gogh series Sunflowers in 1905?

Two Paris versions Van Gogh exchanged with Gauguin in December 1887 or January 1888 were both sold to Ambroise Vollard: one in January 1895 and the other in April 1896.
The first canvas resided for a short time with Félix Roux, but was reacquired by Vollard and sold to Degas from his estate to Rosenberg, then to Hahnloser and bequested to the Kunstmuseum in Bern.
The second was acquired by the Dutch collector Hoogendijk at the sale of his collection by Kann, who ceded the painting to Richard Bühler and then via Thannhauser to the Metropolitan Museum in New York.
Two of Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" paintings never left the artist's estate: the study for one of the Paris versions (F.377) and the repetition of fourth version (F.458).
Both are in the possession of the Vincent van Gogh Foundation, established 1962 by Vincent Willem van Gogh, the artist's nephew, and on permanent loan to the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam.
Five other versions are recorded in the Van Gogh estate papers:
the final Paris version (F.452) in the artist's estate was sold 1909 via C. M. van Gogh, The Hague (J. H. de Bois) to Kröller-Müller
(F.457) sold 1894 to Emile Schuffenecker.
(Tokyo version).
(F.456) sold 1905 via Paul Cassirer to Hugo von Tschudi.
(Munich version).
(F.459) sold 1908 C. M. van Gogh (J. H. de Bois), The Hague to Fritz Meyer-Fierz, Zürich (destroyed Japan 1945).
(F.454) sold 1924 via Ernest Brown & Phillips (The Leicester Gallery) to the Tate Gallery; since on permanent loan to the National Gallery, London.
(London version).
Two Arles versions left the artist's estate unrecorded:
(F.453) (private collection).
Sold 1891 to Octave Mirbeau, Paris, (via Tanguy, Paris) for £12 (about £1,300 in 2013 £).
Sold 1996 to a private collector for an undisclosed sum.
(F.455) (Philadelphia version).
Article: The Shawshank Redemption
Section: Home media

Question: Which year the Shawshank Redemption was showed by TNT cable TV of America?

Despite its disappointing box office return, Warner Bros. shipped 320,000 rental video copies throughout the United States, and it became one of the top rented films of 1995.
The film's home viewing success was considered to be based on positive recommendations and repeat customers.
The film's Academy Award nominations enabled it to fare well in the video sales and cable TV viewings.
In June 1997, TNT, an American cable network, showed the film for the first time.
The film was the first feature in TNT's "Saturday Night New Classics".
A 2004 "Sunday Times" article suggested that TNT aired the film frequently from then on, about once every two months.
TV airings of the film accrued record breaking numbers.
Article: Solar System
Section: Earth

Question: What is the earths natural satellite?

 Earth (1 AU from the Sun) is the largest and densest of the inner planets, the only one known to have current geological activity, and the only place where life is known to exist.
Its liquid hydrosphere is unique among the terrestrial planets, and it is the only planet where plate tectonics has been observed.
Earth's atmosphere is radically different from those of the other planets, having been altered by the presence of life to contain 21% free oxygen.
It has one natural satellite, the Moon, the only large satellite of a terrestrial planet in the Solar System.
Article: Association football
Section: Players, equipment, and officials

Question: How many assist the referee?

Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper.
Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven.
Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal.
Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.
The basic equipment or "kit" players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards.
An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals.
Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury.
Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches.
The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.
A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game.
The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches.
Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game.
In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match.
IFAB recommends that "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team."
Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.
A game is officiated by a referee, who has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" (Law 5), and whose decisions are final.
The referee is assisted by two assistant referees.
In many high-level games there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and may replace another official should the need arise.
Article: Turn Me On (David Guetta song)
Section: Critical reception

Question: Who was the reviewer of Popmatters?

The song has garnered generally positive responses.
Scott Schelter wrote for "Pop Crush" that "It’s cool that Guetta is going for a little bit of a different sound, but different for him sounds like what everybody else is doing in the dance music world.
Still, having Minaj sing makes the tune worthwhile, even if “sing” must be used in quotes because of all the voice-processing."
Al Fox of BBC Music wrote that "the best results come when Guetta mercilessly rips artists from their comfort zone – take Minaj in songbird mode on 'Turn Me On."
Allmusic's David Jeffries wrote that "Nicki Minaj does a pole dance on the operating table for 'Turn Me On', while picking it as one of the best tracks on the album.
Carol Cooper of Village Voice gave a review talking about her voice, writing that "on "Turn Me On" Nicki Minaj gamely shifts between her Madonna range and her Rihanna register."
Ken Capobianco somewhat echoed the same thought of Cooper, writing that " Nicki Minaj delivers solid singing on the track.
"Joe Copplestone of PopMatters wrote a mixed review, saying that "the song showcases a suspiciously melodic performance by Minaj, with massive hooks that somehow let her make the transition from freak to diva."
Harley Brown of Consequence of Sound thought that the "skipping beat and screaming synths are more recognizable as quintessential techno."
Genevieve Koski of The A.V.
Club was more negative, writing that on the song Minaj is a "faceless-disco-diva."
Another negative review came from Idolator's Becky Bain, who dismissed "Guetta’s decision to take one of the most exciting rapper’s today and not only have her not rap, but drown her in Auto-Tune."
Article: Chernobyl disaster
Section: Debris removal

Question: What did a quarter million construction workers reach their lifetime limits on

The worst of the radioactive debris was collected inside what was left of the reactor, much of it shoveled in by liquidators wearing heavy protective gear (dubbed "bio-robots" by the military); these workers could only spend a maximum of 40 seconds at a time working on the rooftops of the surrounding buildings because of the extremely high doses of radiation given off by the blocks of graphite and other debris.
The reactor itself was covered with bags of sand, lead and boric acid dropped from helicopters: some 5,000 metric tons of material were dropped during the week that followed the accident.
At the time there was still fear that the reactor could re-enter a self-sustaining nuclear chain-reaction and explode again, and a new containment structure was planned to prevent rain entering and triggering such an explosion, and to prevent further release of radioactive material.
This was the largest civil engineering task in history, involving a quarter of a million construction workers who all reached their official lifetime limits of radiation.
By December 1986, a large concrete sarcophagus had been erected to seal off the reactor and its contents.
A unique "clean up" medal was given to the workers.
Many of the vehicles used by the "liquidators" remain parked in a field in the Chernobyl area.
During the construction of the sarcophagus, a scientific team re-entered the reactor as part of an investigation dubbed "Complex Expedition", to locate and contain nuclear fuel in a way that could not lead to another explosion.
These scientists manually collected cold fuel rods, but great heat was still emanating from the core.
Rates of radiation in different parts of the building were monitored by drilling holes into the reactor and inserting long metal detector tubes.
The scientists were exposed to high levels of radiation and radioactive dust.
After six months of investigation, in December 1986, they discovered with the help of a remote camera an intensely radioactive mass in the basement of Unit Four, more than two metres wide and weighing hundreds of tons, which they called "the elephant's foot" for its wrinkled appearance.
The mass was composed of sand, glass and a large amount of nuclear fuel that had escaped from the reactor.
The concrete beneath the reactor was steaming hot, and was breached by solidified lava and spectacular unknown crystalline forms termed chernobylite.
It was concluded that there was no further risk of explosion.
Article: Drive By (song)
Section: Critical reception

Question: Who makes up the duo Espionage?

"Billboard" gave the song a positive review stating:If at first you succeed -- why not try again?
For the first single from its forthcoming "California 37," Train returns to the Espionage, the Norwegian songwriting and production duo of Espen Lind and Amund Bjorklund that helped the group put together its 2010 comeback smash "Hey Soul Sister."
"Drive By" starts with a staccato guitar strum and a percussive thump that certainly recalls its predecessor, with a slight ethnic flavor that makes it recall a Bar Mitzvah reception.
Frontman Pat Monahan semi-speaks the in tuneful, rap-like cadence, then turns to smooth pop singing for the choruses.
The lyric, however, is a bit darker, with Monahan's protagonist trying to convince a one-night-stand that he really wants to "get down to the more-than-friends" at last.
We bet she's heard that from all the pop singers, but Monahan pleads with enough joyful exuberance that she -- and we -- might just buy it.
Article: Atomic number
Section: The proton and the idea of nuclear electrons

Question: What is the charge of alpha particles?

In 1915 the reason for nuclear charge being quantized in units of Z, which were now recognized to be the same as the element number, was not understood.
An old idea called Prout's hypothesis had postulated that the elements were all made of residues (or "protyles") of the lightest element hydrogen, which in the Bohr-Rutherford model had a single electron and a nuclear charge of one.
However, as early as 1907 Rutherford and Thomas Royds had shown that alpha particles, which had a charge of +2, were the nuclei of helium atoms, which had a mass four times that of hydrogen, not two times.
If Prout's hypothesis were true, something had to be neutralizing some of the charge of the hydrogen nuclei present in the nuclei of heavier atoms.
In 1917 Rutherford succeeded in generating hydrogen nuclei from a nuclear reaction between alpha particles and nitrogen gas, and believed he had proven Prout's law.
He called the new heavy nuclear particles protons in 1920 (alternate names being proutons and protyles).
It had been immediately apparent from the work of Moseley that the nuclei of heavy atoms have more than twice as much mass as would be expected from their being made of hydrogen nuclei, and thus there was required a hypothesis for the neutralization of the extra protons presumed present in all heavy nuclei.
A helium nucleus was presumed to be composed of four protons plus two "nuclear electrons" (electrons bound inside the nucleus) to cancel two of the charges.
At the other end of the periodic table, a nucleus of gold with a mass 197 times that of hydrogen, was thought to contain 118 nuclear electrons in the nucleus to give it a residual charge of + 79, consistent with its atomic number.
Article: Norway
Section: Kalmar Union

Question: What year was Queen Margaret crowned?

Upon the death of Haakon V, King of Norway, in 1319, Magnus Erikson, at just three years old, inherited the throne as King Magnus VII of Norway.
At the same time a movement to make Magnus King of Sweden proved successful.
(At this time both the kings of Sweden and of Denmark were elected to the throne by their respective nobles.)
Thus, with his election to the throne of Sweden, both Sweden and Norway were united under King Magnus VII.
In 1349, the Black Death radically altered Norway, killing between 50% and 60% of its population and leaving it in a period of social and economic decline.
The plague left Norway very poor.
Although the death rate was comparable with the rest of Europe, economic recovery took much longer because of the small, scattered population.
Before the plague, the population was only about 500,000 people.
After the plague, many farms lay idle while the population slowly increased.
The few surviving farms' tenants found their bargaining positions with their landlords greatly strengthened.
King Magnus VII ruled Norway until 1350, when his son, Haakon, was placed on the throne as Haakon VI.
In 1363, Haakon VI married Margaret, the daughter of King Valdemar IV of Denmark.
Upon the death of Haakon VI, in 1379, his son, Olaf IV, was only 10 years old.
Olaf had already been elected to the throne of Denmark on 3 May 1376.
Thus, upon Olaf's accession to the throne of Norway, Denmark and Norway entered personal union.
Olaf's mother and Haakon's widow, Queen Margaret, managed the foreign affairs of Denmark and Norway during the minority of Olaf IV.
Margaret was working toward a union of Sweden with Denmark and Norway by having Olaf elected to the Swedish throne.
She was on the verge of achieving this goal when Olaf IV suddenly died.
However, Denmark made Margaret temporary ruler upon the death of Olaf.
On 2 February 1388 Norway followed suit and crowned Margaret.
Queen Margaret knew that her power would be more secure if she were able to find a king to rule in her place.
She settled on Eric of Pomerania, grandson of her sister.
Thus at an all-Scandinavian meeting held at Kalmar, Erik of Pomerania was crowned king of all three Scandinavian countries.
Thus, royal politics resulted in personal unions between the Nordic countries, eventually bringing the thrones of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden under the control of Queen Margaret when the country entered into the Kalmar Union.
Article: Love the Way You Lie
Section: Synopsis

Question: What is the scenary where Rihanna sings the chorus?

Rihanna sings the chorus in front of a burning house, while an interspersing scene shows fire on a woman's (Fox) palms.
In another scene, the woman is asleep with her lover (Monaghan) and wakes up.
Eminem begins to rap in an open field.
The woman attacks her lover after seeing the name "Cindy" and a phone number written on his hand.
He unsuccessfully tries to kiss the woman and brings her back after she attempts to leave him.
The man then pushes her onto the wall and aims his fist at her, puncturing the wall instead.
After Rihanna sings again, the video flashes back to when the couple first meet "at a seedy dive bar next door" to a liquor store.
The man steals a bottle of vodka and they kiss on the rooftop.
During the present, the man apologizes to his lover and they are reconciled.
In another flashback, he attacks someone who plays pool with his lover.
Eminem joins Rihanna in front of the burning house for the final verse.
Meanwhile, after the flashback, the woman comes home and locks herself in the bathroom to stop her abusive lover from entering.
In another scene, the fire on her palms vanish as she clasps her hands.
Flames later engulf Eminem and the couple, who are then shown fighting in front of the burning house.
In the end, the couple stay together and the video returns to their first scene, in which they sleep.
Article: Saudi Arabia
Section: Society

Question: What is zakat?

Saudi society has a number of issues and tensions.
A rare independent opinion poll published in 2010 indicated that Saudis' main social concerns were unemployment (at 10% in 2010), corruption and religious extremism.
Crime is not a significant problem.
However, the government of Saudi Arabia's objective of being a religious Islamic country, coupled with economic difficulties, has created deep social tensions in Saudi society.
Many Saudis want a reformed, more secular government and to have more influence in the political process.
On the other hand, juvenile delinquency, drug-use and excessive use of alcohol are getting worse.
High unemployment and a generation of young males filled with contempt toward the Royal Family is a significant threat to Saudi social stability.
Some Saudis feel they are entitled to well-paid government jobs, and the failure of the government to satisfy this sense of entitlement has led to considerable dissatisfaction.
The Shiite minority, located primarily in the Eastern Province, are subjected to institutionalized government discrimination, inequality and repression.
Terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia have made it clear that Saudi Arabia does harbor indigenous terrorists.
According to a 2009 U.S. State Department communication by Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State, (disclosed as part of the Wikileaks U.S. 'cables leaks' controversy in 2010) "donors in Saudi Arabia constitute the most significant source of funding to Sunni terrorist groups worldwide".
Part of this funding arises through the zakat (an act of charity dictated by Islam) paid by all Saudis to charities, and amounting to at least 2.5% of their income.
Although many charities are genuine, others, it is alleged, serve as fronts for money laundering and terrorist financing operations.
While many Saudis contribute to those charities in good faith believing their money goes toward good causes, it has been alleged that others know full well the terrorist purposes to which their money will be applied.
According to a study conducted by Dr. Nura Al-Suwaiyan, director of the family safety program at the National Guard Hospital, one in four children are abused in Saudi Arabia.
The National Society for Human Rights reports that almost 45% of the country's children are facing some sort of abuse and domestic violence.
It has also been claimed that trafficking of women is a particular problem in Saudi Arabia as the country's large number of female foreign domestic workers, and loopholes in the system cause many to fall victim to abuse and torture.
Widespread inbreeding in Saudi Arabia, resulting from the traditional practice of encouraging marriage between close relatives, has produced high levels of several genetic disorders including thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, spinal muscular atrophy, deafness and muteness.
Article: Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
Section: "The Victors"

Question: The real-life execution of what individual inspired the scene in the movie that used the song?

Frank Sinatra's version was controversially used by director Carl Foreman in his 1963 anti-war film "The Victors" as the soundtrack backdrop (along with the carol "Hark!
The Herald Angels Sing") to the execution by firing squad of a G.I.
deserter in a bleak, snowy field on Christmas Eve - a scene inspired by the real-life execution of Pvt.
Eddie Slovik in 1945.
The "New York Times" film reviewer, while recognising the power of the scene, complained that "the device itself is almost as specious and sentimental as what is trying to mock."
Article: Battle of Hastings
Section: Dispositions of forces and tactics

Question: Who commanded the right division at the Battle of Hasting?

Most recent historians conclude that Harold's forces deployed in a small, dense formation around the top of Caldbec Hill, with their flanks protected by woods and a stream and marshy ground in front of them.
Lawson points out the possibility that the English line was a bit longer and extended enough to anchor on one of the streams nearby.
The English formed a shield wall, with the front ranks holding their shields close together or even overlapping to provide protection from attack.
More is known about the Norman deployment.
Duke William appears to have arranged his forces in three groups, or "battles", which roughly corresponded to their origins.
The left units were the Bretons, along with those from Anjou, Poitou and Maine.
This division was led by Alan the Red, a relative of the Breton count.
The centre was held by the Normans, under the direct command of the duke and with many of his relatives and kinsmen grouped around the ducal party.
The final division on the right consisted of the Frenchmen, along with some men from Picardy, Boulogne, and Flanders.
The right was commanded by William fitzOsbern and Count Eustace II of Boulogne.
The front lines were archers with a line of foot soldiers armed with spears behind.
There were probably a few crossbowmen and slingers in with the archers.
The cavalry was held in reserve, and a small group of clergymen and servants situated at the base of Telham Hill was not expected to take part in the fighting.
William's disposition of his forces implies that he planned to open the battle with archers in the front rank weakening the enemy with arrows, followed by infantry who would engage in close combat.
The infantry would create openings in the English lines that could be exploited by a cavalry charge to break through the English forces and pursue the fleeing soldiers.