community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: How I Met Your Mother
Section: Season 4

Question: What did Stella talk about to Ted's proposal?

Stella says yes to Ted's proposal.
Robin takes a new job in Japan, but quickly resigns and returns to New York to attend Ted's wedding, after realizing how much she misses her friends.
Stella leaves Ted at the altar to get back together with Tony (Jason Jones), the father of her daughter.
Barney struggles with his feelings for Robin as his company shifts him to the management team of a new acquisition, Goliath National Bank (GNB), where Marshall has accepted a position.
Marshall and Lily move to their new apartment and debate over whether or not they're ready to have children.
Robin becomes roommates with Ted and gets a job as an anchor for a 4 AM news show after Barney sends out her video resume.
Ted and Robin decide to sleep together constantly so they will not fight over each other's bad co-living habits.
Barney attempts to make them stop fighting to prevent this, revealing to Ted his love for Robin.
Ted finds out Lily has sabotaged all of his relationships with anyone she does not approve of and indirectly may have inspired his breakup with Robin.
Robin and Ted end up talking about it, causing their friendship to begin moving toward a positive note.
After Barney finally sleeps with his 200th woman (and rubs it in the face of the childhood bully who taunted him into pursuing it), he begins to question the purpose of the remainder of his life, leaving him more certain of his feelings for Robin.
Ted, while carrying the yellow umbrella, bumps into Stella and Tony.
Tony later decides to visit him, sympathizing with Ted over his loss of Stella.
Tony offers him a job as a professor of architecture, which Ted initially turns down.
In the season finale Robin finds out that Barney loves her, and initially refuses to commit to anything but a sex-only relationship; they seemingly end up together anyway.
Ted decides that being an architect is leading nowhere, and finally decides instead to become a college professor.
The finale ends with Ted preparing to teach his first class and Future Ted revealing to his children that one of the women in the class is their mother.
Article: China
Section: Ethnic groups

Question: What percentage of ethnic minorities does China have?

China officially recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups, the largest ofwhich are the Han Chinese, who constitute about 91.51% of the totalpopulation.
The Han Chinese – the world's largest single ethnic group – outnumber other ethnic groups in every provincial-level division except Tibet and Xinjiang.
Ethnic minorities account for about 8.49% of the population of China, according tothe 2010 census.
Compared with the 2000 population census, the Han population increased by 66,537,177 persons, or 5.74%, while the population of the 55 national minorities combined increased by 7,362,627 persons, or 6.92%.
The 2010 census recorded a total of 593,832 foreign citizens living in China.
The largest such groups were from South Korea (120,750), theUnited States (71,493) and Japan (66,159).
Article: Ramen
Section: Noodles

Question: What shape should Ramen noodles come out as?

Most noodles are made from four basic ingredients: wheat flour, salt, water, and "kansui", which is essentially a type of alkaline mineral water, containing sodium carbonate and usually potassium carbonate, as well as sometimes a small amount of phosphoric acid.
Originally, "kansui" was named after the water from Inner Mongolia's Lake Kan which contained large amounts of these minerals and was said to be perfect for making these noodles.
Making noodles with "kansui" lends them a yellowish hue as well as a firm texture.
Eggs may also be substituted for "kansui".
Some noodles are made with neither eggs nor "kansui" and should only be used for yakisoba.
Ramen comes in various shapes and lengths.
It may be thick, thin, or even ribbon-like, as well as straight or wrinkled.
Article: Botany
Section: Evolution

Question: Provide examples of gymnosperms.

The chloroplasts of plants have a number of biochemical, structural and genetic similarities to cyanobacteria, (commonly but incorrectly known as "blue-green algae") and are thought to be derived from an ancient endosymbiotic relationship between an ancestral eukaryotic cell and a cyanobacterial resident.
The algae are a polyphyletic group and are placed in various divisions, some more closely related to plants than others.
There are many differences between them in features such as cell wall composition, biochemistry, pigmentation, chloroplast structure and nutrient reserves.
The algal division Charophyta, sister to the green algal division Chlorophyta, is considered to contain the ancestor of true plants.
The Charophyte class Charophyceae and the land plant sub-kingdom Embryophyta together form the monophyletic group or clade Streptophytina.
Nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem.
They include mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
Pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free-living gametophytes evolved during the Silurian period and diversified into several lineages during the late Silurian and early Devonian.
Representatives of the lycopods have survived to the present day.
By the end of the Devonian period, several groups, including the lycopods, sphenophylls and progymnosperms, had independently evolved "megaspory" – their spores were of two distinct sizes, larger megaspores and smaller microspores.
Their reduced gametophytes developed from megaspores retained within the spore-producing organs (megasporangia) of the sporophyte, a condition known as endospory.
Seeds consist of an endosporic megasporangium surrounded by one or two sheathing layers (integuments).
The young sporophyte develops within the seed, which on germination splits to release it.
The earliest known seed plants date from the latest Devonian Famennian stage.
Following the evolution of the seed habit, seed plants diversified, giving rise to a number of now-extinct groups, including seed ferns, as well as the modern gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms produce "naked seeds" not fully enclosed in an ovary; modern representatives include conifers, cycads, "Ginkgo", and Gnetales.
Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in a structure such as a carpel or an ovary.
Ongoing research on the molecular phylogenetics of living plants appears to show that the angiosperms are a sister clade to the gymnosperms.
Article: Biology
Section: Cell theory

Question: What process includes the phonoomenon of energy flow in cells?

Foundations of modern biology.
Cell theory.
Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and that all living things are composed of one or more cells or the secreted products of those cells (e.g.
shells).
All cells arise from other cells through cell division.
In multicellular organisms, every cell in the organism's body derives ultimately from a single cell in a fertilized egg.
The cell is also considered to be the basic unit in many pathological processes.
In addition, the phenomenon of energy flow occurs in cells in processes that are part of the function known as metabolism.
Finally, cells contain hereditary information (DNA), which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.
Article: Bedroom in Arles
Section: Abstract

Question: What did Van Gogh call the Bedroom in Arles?

Bedroom in Arles (; ) is the title given to each of three similar paintings by 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh.
Van Gogh's own title for this composition was simply "The Bedroom" (French: "La Chambre à coucher").
There are three authentic versions described in his letters, easily discernible from one another by the pictures on the wall to the right.
The painting depicts Van Gogh's bedroom at 2, Place Lamartine in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, France, known as his Yellow House.
The door to the right was opening to the upper floor and the staircase; the door to the left served the guest room he held prepared for Gauguin.
The window in the front wall was looking to Place Lamartine and its public gardens.
This room was not rectangular but trapezoid with an obtuse angle in the left hand corner of the front wall and an acute angle at the right.
Van Gogh evidently did not spend much time on this problem, he simply indicated that there was a corner, somehow.
Article: Some Nights
Section: Track listing

Question: What is the title of the track following the 4th title on "Some Nights"?

Deluxe edition:
"Out on the Town" (4:21)
"We Are Young" (featuring Janelle Monáe) (acoustic) (4:32)
"Carry On" (acoustic) (4:08)
"Why Am I the One" (acoustic) (4:22)
"We Are Young" (featuring Janelle Monáe) (Alvin Risk Remix) (4:09)
Article: Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)
Section: Abstract

Question: Who was the right for stronger.

Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)"Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson and the titular song from her fifth studio album, "Stronger" (2011).
Originally titled as "What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)", the song served as the album's second single on January 17, 2012 through RCA Records.
Written by Jörgen Elofsson, Ali Tamposi, and David Gamson, with additional writing and production by Greg Kurstin, "Stronger" is an uptempo song which draws from the genres of pop rock, dance-pop, and electropop.
Its lyrical content mainly explores themes of empowerment and recovery following a heartbreak, with the chorus inspired by a Friedrich Nietzsche quotation: "That which does not kill us makes us stronger.
"Upon its release, "Stronger" was met with positive reviews from music critics, who considered it to be the musical highlight of "Stronger".
Clarkson's vocal performance and song's production received particular praise, while criticism targeted the song's lyrical content.
Commercially, "Stronger" became her most successful single to date.
In the United States, it became her third song to top the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for three non-consecutive weeks, surpassing "A Moment Like This" (2002) and "My Life Would Suck Without You" (2009) as her longest-running number one single on the chart.
It also topped fifteen other "Billboard" charts, including Adult Pop Songs, Adult Contemporary, Hot Dance Club Songs, and Pop Songs charts, more than any other song Clarkson has ever released.
Internationally, "Stronger" topped the national charts of Poland and Slovakia and attained a top-ten position in over fifteen countries around the world, eventually selling over five million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time.
Its success helped its parent album to sustain commercial longevity for over a year.
"Stronger" merited consideration for several industry awards—including three Grammy Award nominations, and a World Music Award nomination.
The song's accompanying music video was filmed by Shane Drake, which incorporates the theme of a global flash mob dance, featuring submitted videos of people dancing to the song.
The music video garnered positive reception from critics who felt that its overall impact was exuberant.
It earned Clarkson a nomination for a MuchMusic Video Award.
With its continued success, she performed "Stronger" on several live award shows and television appearances around the world, debuting it during the first season of the "The X Factor" (U.S.) and performing it on the 37th season of "Saturday Night Live", the 2012 MuchMusic Video Awards, and the 2012 American Music Awards.
Clarkson also included the song in the set list of her Stronger Tour and on the encore set of her 2012 Summer Tour with The Fray.
Article: Climate change
Section: Glaciers

Question: How many years did the Holocene last?

Glaciers are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change.
Their size is determined by a mass balance between snow input and melt output.
As temperatures warm, glaciers retreat unless snow precipitation increases to make up for the additional melt; the converse is also true.
Glaciers grow and shrink due both to natural variability and external forcings.
Variability in temperature, precipitation, and englacial and subglacial hydrology can strongly determine the evolution of a glacier in a particular season.
Therefore, one must average over a decadal or longer time-scale and/or over a many individual glaciers to smooth out the local short-term variability and obtain a glacier history that is related to climate.
A world glacier inventory has been compiled since the 1970s, initially based mainly on aerial photographs and maps but now relying more on satellites.
This compilation tracks more than 100,000 glaciers covering a total area of approximately 240,000 km2, and preliminary estimates indicate that the remaining ice cover is around 445,000 km2.
The World Glacier Monitoring Service collects data annually on glacier retreat and glacier mass balance.
From this data, glaciers worldwide have been found to be shrinking significantly, with strong glacier retreats in the 1940s, stable or growing conditions during the 1920s and 1970s, and again retreating from the mid-1980s to present.
The most significant climate processes since the middle to late Pliocene (approximately 3 million years ago) are the glacial and interglacial cycles.
The present interglacial period (the Holocene) has lasted about 11,700 years.
Shaped by orbital variations, responses such as the rise and fall of continental ice sheets and significant sea-level changes helped create the climate.
Other changes, including Heinrich events, Dansgaard–Oeschger events and the Younger Dryas, however, illustrate how glacial variations may also influence climate without the orbital forcing.
Glaciers leave behind moraines that contain a wealth of material—including organic matter, quartz, and potassium that may be dated—recording the periods in which a glacier advanced and retreated.
Similarly, by tephrochronological techniques, the lack of glacier cover can be identified by the presence of soil or volcanic tephra horizons whose date of deposit may also be ascertained.
Article: Canada
Section: Aboriginal peoples

Question: Traits of Candadian Aboriginal?

Aboriginal peoples.
Archaeological studies and genetic analyses have indicated a human presence in the northern Yukon region from 24,500 BC, and in southern Ontario from 7500 BC.
The Paleo-Indian archeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada.
The characteristics of Canadian Aboriginal societies included permanent settlements,agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks.
Some of these cultures had collapsed by the time European explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, and have only been discovered through archeological investigations.
The aboriginal population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000 and two million, with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Health.
As a consequence of the European colonization, Canada's aboriginal peoples suffered from repeated outbreaks of newly introduced infectious diseases such as influenza, measles, and smallpox (to which they had no natural immunity), resulting in a forty- to eighty-percent population decrease in the centuries after the European arrival.
Aboriginal peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.
The Métis are a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married European settlers.
In general, the Inuit had more limited interaction with European settlers during the colonization period.
Article: Where Have You Been
Section: Track listing

Question: How many instrumental versions are there?

;Digital download
"Where Have You Been" — 4:03
;The Calvin Harris Extended Remix - Digital download
"Where Have You Been" (The Calvin Harris Extended Remix) — 6:01
;Germany, Austria and Switzerland CD single 
"Where Have You Been" (Album Version) — 4:02
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:57
;International Remixes EP
"Where Have You Been" (Hardwell Club Mix) — 6:34
"Where Have You Been" (Papercha$er Remix) — 6:35
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:57
"Where Have You Been" (Vice Edit) — 3:39
;U.S. Remixes EP
"Where Have You Been" (Hardwell Club Mix) — 6:34
"Where Have You Been" (Hardwell Instrumental) — 6:34
"Where Have You Been" (Papercha$er Remix) — 6:35
"Where Have You Been" (Papercha$er Instrumental) — 6:34
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:56
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Remix) — 8:00
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Dub) — 6:38
"Where Have You Been" (Vice Club Mix) — 5:35
"Where Have You Been" (Vice Instrumental) — 5:36
Article: Rolling in the Deep
Section: Personnel

Question: Who played piano on "Rolling in the Deep"?

Vocals – Adele
Songwriting - Paul Epworth & Adele Adkins
Production, bass, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, percussion and backing vocals – Paul Epworth 
Mixing – Tom Elmhirst
Mixing assistant – Dan Parry
Recording – Mark Rankin
Piano – Neil Cowley
Drums – Leo Taylor
Mastering – Tom Coyne
Credits adapted from liner notes:
Article: The Invisible War
Section: Synopsis

Question: What institute's culture of sexual harassment and sexual assault culminated with "The Invisible War"?

"The Invisible War" features interviews with veterans from multiple branches of the United States Armed Forces who recount the events surrounding their assaults.
Their stories show many common themes, such as the lack of recourse to an impartial justice system, reprisals against survivors instead of against perpetrators, the absence of adequate emotional and physical care for survivors, the unhindered advancement of perpetrators' careers, and the forced expulsion of survivors from service.
Interspersed with these first person testimonies are interviews with advocates, journalists, mental health professionals, active duty and retired generals, Department of Defense officials, and members of the military justice system.
The film also includes footage, often shot by the veterans themselves, which documents their lives and continuing struggles in the aftermath of their assaults.
In the film's most prominent narrative, Coast Guard veteran Seaman Kori Cioca struggles to earn benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs to pay for the many medical difficulties that have resulted from her rape.
With the help of attorney Susan L. Burke, Cioca, along with other survivors featured in the film, brings a civil suit against the Department of Defense alleging a failure to adequately address sexual assault within the military.
Other past incidents of sexual abuse recounted in the film include the 1991 Navy Tailhook scandal, the 1996 Army Aberdeen scandal, and the 2003 Air Force Academy scandal.
"The Invisible War" uses these examples to argue that the military has consistently made empty promises to address its high rate of sexual assault.
These stories culminate with an examination of the previously unreported culture of sexual harassment and sexual assault at the prestigious Marine Barracks Washington.
The survivors and advocates featured in the film call for changes to the way the military handles sexual assault, such as shifting prosecution away from unit commanders, who often are either friends with assailants or are assailants themselves.
Article: Biomolecule
Section: Saccharides

Question: For what action do saccharides provide fuel?

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates with only one simple sugar.
They essentially contain an aldehyde or ketone group in their structure.
The presence of an aldehyde group in a monosaccharide is indicated by the prefix "aldo-".
Similarly, a ketone group is denoted by the prefix "keto-".
Examples of monosaccharides are the hexoses glucose, fructose, and galactose and pentoses, ribose, and deoxyribose Consumed fructose and glucose have different rates of gastric emptying, are differentially absorbed and have different metabolic fates, providing multiple opportunities for 2 different saccharides to differentially affect food intake.
Most saccharides eventually provide fuel for cellular respiration.
Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides, or two single simple sugars, form a bond with removal of water.
They can be hydrolyzed to yield their saccharin building blocks by boiling with dilute acid or reacting them with appropriate enzymes.
Examples of disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
Polysaccharides are polymerized monosaccharides, or complex carbohydrates.
They have multiple simple sugars.
Examples are starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
They are generally large and often have a complex branched connectivity.
Because of their size, polysaccharides are not water-soluble, but their many hydroxy groups become hydrated individually when exposed to water, and some polysaccharides form thick colloidal dispersions when heated in water.
Shorter polysaccharides, with 3 - 10 monomers, are called oligosaccharides.
A fluorescent indicator-displacement molecular imprinting sensor was developed for discriminating saccharides.
It successfully discriminated three brands of orange juice beverage.
The change in fluorescence intensity of the sensing films resulting is directly related to the saccharide concentration.
Article: Archery
Section: Mounted archery

Question: Who made a threat that was responsible for China expanding into the Ordos reigon?

Central Asian tribesmen (after the domestication of the horse) and American Plains Indians (after gaining access to horses) became extremely adept at archery on horseback.
Lightly armoured, but highly mobile archers were excellently suited to warfare in the Central Asian steppes, and they formed a large part of armies that repeatedly conquered large areas of Eurasia.
Shorter bows are more suited to use on horseback, and the composite bow enabled mounted archers to use powerful weapons.
Empires throughout the Eurasian landmass often strongly associated their respective "barbarian" counterparts with the usage of the bow and arrow, to the point where powerful states like the Han Dynasty referred to their neighbours, the Xiong-nu, as "Those Who Draw the Bow" For example, Xiong-nu mounted bowmen made them more than a match for the Han military, and their threat was at least partially responsible for Chinese expansion into the Ordos region, to create a stronger, more powerful buffer zone against them.
It is possible that "barbarian" peoples were responsible for introducing archery or certain types of bows to their "civilized" counterparts—the Xiong-nu and the Han being one example.
Similarly, short bows seem to have been introduced to Japan by northeast Asian groups.
Article: Beach volleyball
Section: Common block signals

Question: The blocker uses what information to decide to block?

Closed fist
No block should be attempted for the opponent on that side of the court, also known as "pull-off"
One finger
The blocker should block an opponent's "line" attack, or a ball hit toward the nearest sideline
Two fingers
The blocker should block an opponent's "angle" attack, or a ball hit diagonally from the net and across the court
Open hand
The blocker should block "ball", deciding how to block based upon the opposing team's set, and the hitter's approach and arm-swing technique.
Common block signals.
Note: In Europe closed fist and open hand signals have the opposite meaning of blocking.
If the partner is showing the closed fist the blocker should block "ball" and open hand means that the blocker should "pull-off" the net.