community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Disneyland
Section: Lands

Question: In what year did Holidayland close at Disneyland Park?

Disneyland Park consists of eight themed "lands" and a number of concealed backstage areas, and occupies approximately .
The park opened with "Main Street, U.S.A.", "Adventureland", "Frontierland", "Fantasyland", and "Tomorrowland", and has since added New Orleans Square in 1966, Bear Country (later Critter Country) in 1972, and Mickey's Toontown in 1993.
In 1957, Holidayland, opened to the public with a recreation area including a circus and baseball diamond, but was closed in late 1961.
It is often referred to as the "lost" land of Disneyland.
Throughout the park are 'Hidden Mickeys', representations of Mickey Mouse heads inserted subtly into the design of attractions and environmental decor.
An elevated berm supports the narrow gauge Disneyland Railroad that circumnavigates the park.
Article: Apollo 11
Section: Support crew

Question: Name a member of the Apollo 11 support crew?

Charlie Duke, Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM)
Ronald Evans (CAPCOM)
Owen K. Garriott (CAPCOM)
Don L. Lind (CAPCOM)
Ken Mattingly (CAPCOM)
Bruce McCandless II (CAPCOM)
Harrison Schmitt (CAPCOM)
Bill Pogue
Jack Swigert
Article: Napoleonic Wars
Section: War of the Third Coalition 1805

Question: What was the name of the treaty that Austria signed?

Britain gathered together allies to form the Third Coalition against France.
In response, Napoleon seriously considered an invasion of Great Britain, and massed 180,000 effectives at Boulogne.
However, before he could invade, he needed to achieve naval superiority—or at least to pull the British fleet away from the English Channel.
A complex plan to distract the British by threatening their possessions in the West Indies failed when a Franco-Spanish fleet under Admiral Villeneuve turned back after an indecisive action off Cape Finisterre on 22 July 1805.
The Royal Navy blockaded Villeneuve in Cádiz until he left for Naples on 19 October; the British squadron caught and overwhelmingly defeated the combined enemy fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October (the British commander, Lord Nelson, died in the battle).
Napoleon would never again have the opportunity to challenge the British at sea, nor to threaten an invasion.
He again turned his attention to enemies on the Continent.
The French army left Boulogne and moved towards Austria.
In April 1805, Britain and Russia signed a treaty with the aim of removing the French from the Batavian Republic (roughly present-day Netherlands) and the Swiss Confederation (Switzerland).
Austria joined the alliance after the annexation of Genoa and the proclamation of Napoleon as King of Italy on 17 March 1805.
Sweden, which had already agreed to lease Swedish Pomerania as a military base for British troops against France, formally entered the coalition on 9 August.
The Austrians began the war by invading Bavaria with an army of about 70,000 under Karl Mack von Leiberich, and the French army marched out from Boulogne in late July 1805 to confront them.
At Ulm (25 September – 20 October) Napoleon surrounded Mack's army, forcing its surrender without significant losses.
With the main Austrian army north of the Alps defeated (another army under Archduke Charles manoeuvred inconclusively against André Masséna's French army in Italy), Napoleon occupied Vienna.
Far from his supply lines, he faced a larger Austro-Russian army under the command of Mikhail Kutuzov, with the Emperor Alexander I of Russia personally present.
On 2 December, Napoleon crushed the joint Austro-Russian army in Moravia at Austerlitz (usually considered his greatest victory).
He inflicted a total of 25,000 casualties on a numerically superior enemy army while sustaining fewer than 7,000 in his own force.
Austria signed the Treaty of Pressburg (26 December 1805) and left the Coalition.
The Treaty required the Austrians to give up Venetia to the French-dominated Kingdom of Italy and the Tyrol to Bavaria.
With the withdrawal of Austria from the war, stalemate ensued.
Napoleon's army had a record of continuous unbroken victories on land, but the full force of the Russian army had not yet come into play.
Article: Despicable Me
Section: Music

Question: What artists are featured on the soundtrack to the 2010 film "Despicable Me?

"Despicable Me: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack" is the soundtrack to the film of the same name, and it was released on July 6, 2010.
It featured new songs from the film written and performed by Pharrell Williams, and performances by Destinee & Paris, The Sylvers, Robin Thicke and The Bee Gees.
Article: Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
Section: Recordings

Question: What is the earliest known recording of

The earliest known recorded version of the song was by banjoist Harry Reser and his band on October 24, 1934 (Decca 264A) featuring Tom Stacks on vocal, the version shown in the Variety charts of December 1934.
The song was a sheet music hit, reaching #1.
The song was also recorded on September 26, 1935, by Tommy Dorsey & His Orchestra.
The song is a traditional standard at Christmas time, and has been covered by numerous recording artists.
The 1951 version by Perry Como was the first measurable hit, and in 1963 the Four Seasons version charted at #23 on Billboard.
In 1970 Rankin-Bass produced an hour-long animated television special based on the song, with narrator Fred Astaire telling the original story of Santa Claus.
Many contemporary artists have recorded and performed various versions of the song, including a rock and roll version by Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band.
The song was recorded in a 1975 live version and eventually released in 1985 as a B-side to "My Hometown", a single from the "Born in the U.S.A." album.
Luis Miguel recorded the song in Spanish as "Santa Claus Llegó a La Ciudad" for his Christmas album "Navidades" (2006).
His version of the song peaked at #26 on the "Billboard" Latin Pop Songs chart.
Other well-known versions of this song include Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters (1943), Frank Sinatra (1948), the Ray Conniff Singers (1959), Alvin and the Chipmunks (1961), The Crystals (1963), The Beach Boys (1964), The Jackson 5 (1970), The Carpenters (1978), The Pointer Sisters (1987), Neil Diamond (1992), Mariah Carey (1994), George Strait (1996), Faith Hill (2008), Miley Cyrus (2008), Andrea Bocelli (2009), Love Händel from "Phineas and Ferb" (2010), Justin Bieber (2011), Michael Bublé (2011), Mark Salling and Cory Monteith on "Glee" (2011), Colbie Caillat (2012), Rod Stewart (2012) and Dannii Minogue (2013).
Article: Sound City (film)
Section: Technical

Question: What are the names of the engineers who worked on the movie "Sound City"?

 Sami Ansari – photography
 Matt Bissonette – composer
 James Brown – engineer, mixing
 Joe LaPorta – mastering
 Emily Lazar – mastering
 Chris Lord-Alge – mixing
 John Lousteau – engineer
 Jim Scott – engineer
 Chris Shiflett – composer
 Derek Silverman – engineering support
 Butch Vig – producer
Article: Private Practice (TV series)
Section: Origins

Question: What did they call that clinic in Los Angeles?

Production history.
On , ":The Wall Street Journal" reported that ABC was pursuing a spin-off of "Grey's Anatomy" featuring Kate Walsh's character Addison Montgomery.
Subsequent reports confirmed the report, stating that an expanded two-hour broadcast of "Grey's Anatomy" (which aired ) would serve as a backdoor pilot for the spinoff.
The backdoor pilot episode features Montgomery on leave from Seattle Grace Hospital, the clinic in Los Angeles is named the Oceanside Wellness Centre.
The broadcast served as the 22nd and 23rd episodes of the season (out of 25), and was directed by Michael Grossman, according to "Variety".
Gossip columnists Kristin Veitch and Michael Ausiello reported that the spinoff would be set in Los Angeles.
Article: Global warming
Section: Surveys of public opinion

Question: How many UK poll respondents were convinced of climate change in 2010?

Researchers at the University of Michigan have found that the public's belief as to the causes of global warming depends on the wording choice used in the polls.
In 2007–2008 Gallup Polls surveyed 127 countries.
Over a third of the world's population was unaware of global warming, with people in developing countries less aware than those in developed, and those in Africa the least aware.
Of those aware, Latin America leads in belief that temperature changes are a result of human activities while Africa, parts of Asia and the Middle East, and a few countries from the Former Soviet Union lead in the opposite belief.
There is a significant contrast of the opinions of the concept and the appropriate response between Europe and the United States.
Nick Pidgeon of Cardiff University said that "results show the different stages of engagement about global warming on each side of the Atlantic", adding, "The debate in Europe is about what action needs to be taken, while many in the US still debate whether climate change is happening."
A 2010 poll by the Office of National Statistics found that 75% of UK respondents were at least "fairly convinced" that the world's climate is changing, compared to 87% in a similar survey in 2006.
A January 2011 ICM poll in the UK found 83% of respondents viewed climate change as a current or imminent threat, while 14% said it was no threat.
Opinion was unchanged from an August 2009 poll asking the same question, though there had been a slight polarisation of opposing views.
By 2010, with 111 countries surveyed, Gallup determined that there was a substantial decrease in the number of Americans and Europeans who viewed global warming as a serious threat.
In the US, a little over half the population (53%) now viewed it as a serious concern for either themselves or their families; this was 10% below the 2008 poll (63%).
Latin America had the biggest rise in concern, with 73% saying global warming was a serious threat to their families.
That global poll also found that people are more likely to attribute global warming to human activities than to natural causes, except in the USA where nearly half (47%) of the population attributed global warming to natural causes.
A March–May 2013 survey by Pew Research Center for the People & the Press polled 39 countries about global threats.
According to 54% of those questioned, global warming featured top of the perceived global threats.
In a January 2013 survey, Pew found that 69% of Americans say there is solid evidence that the Earth's average temperature has been getting warmer over the past few decades, up six points since November 2011 and 12 points since 2009.
Article: Free Bird
Section: Legacy

Question: Where did Free Bird come from?

It has become something of a humorous tradition for audience members at concerts to shout "Free Bird" as a request to hear the song, regardless of the performer or style of music.
The phenomenon began earlier in the 1970s with The Allman Brothers Band's epic "Whipping Post", but then took off to a much greater extent with "Free Bird", which was very popular by 1979.
This can be traced back to Skynyrd's first live album, 1976's "One More from the Road".
For their second encore, Van Zant asked the crowd, "What song is it you wanna hear?
", which was immediately followed by several shouts of "Free Bird", to which the band responded with a 14-minute rendition of the song.
The spoken interaction was reproduced on the album as an introduction to the song.
Article: Notre Dame de Paris
Section: Abstract

Question: Who oversaw the restoration of Notre Dame de Paris in 1845?

Notre-Dame de Paris (; French for "Our Lady of Paris"), also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or simply Notre-Dame, is a historic Catholic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France.
The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world.
The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture.
As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame is the parish that contains the "cathedra", or official chair, of the archbishop of Paris, currently Cardinal André Vingt-Trois.
The cathedral treasury is notable for its reliquary which houses some of Catholicism's most important first-class relics including the purported Crown of Thorns, a fragment of the True Cross, and one of the Holy Nails.
In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered desecration during the radical phase of the French Revolution when much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed.
An extensive restoration supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc began in 1845.
A project of further restoration and maintenance began in 1991.
Article: Nurse Jackie
Section: Development and production

Question: In what year did Showtime order a 4th season of the show?

"Nurse Jackie" was created by Liz Brixius, Linda Wallem, and Evan Dunsky with Brixius and Wallem serving as showrunners for the series and sharing executive producer duties with Caryn Mandabach and John Melfi.
Showtime ordered an initial 12 episodes.
Before the premiere, Brixius told the New York "Daily News" that "Guys' stories tend to be about conquests – getting the job, winning the Olympics, whatever.
Women stories aren't as immediately climactic so they need to play out over the course of three months ... And every medical show out there has been about doctors.
Doctors are absolutely unable to do what they have to do without nurses.
We want to tell those stories.
"The June 8, 2009 series premiere was Showtime's most-successful ever, with 1 million viewers for the premiere and over 350,000 for the repeat broadcast.
Showtime immediately picked up the series for a second season.
Season Three premiered on Showtime on March 28, 2011.
On May 23, 2011, Showtime ordered a fourth season of Nurse Jackie.
A fifth season was ordered on May 31, 2012, and production began in late 2012.
The season 4 finale aired on June 17, 2012 Season 5 premiered on April 14, 2013.
On June 6, 2013, Showtime renewed Nurse Jackie for a sixth season to air on April 13, 2014.
On March 31, 2014, Showtime renewed Nurse Jackie for a seventh season to air in 2015.
Article: Tunisia
Section: Education

Question: What was the adult literacy rate of Tunisia in 2008?

Science and technology.
The adult literacy rate in 2008 was 78%.
Education is given a high priority and accounts for 6% of GNP.
A basic education for children between the ages of 6 and 16 has been compulsory since 1991.
Tunisia ranked 17th in the category of "quality of the educational system" and 21st in the category of "quality of primary education" in The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-9, released by The World Economic Forum.
While children generally acquire Tunisian Arabic at home, when they enter school at age 6, they are taught to read and write in Standard Arabic.
From the age of 8, they are taught French while English is introduced at the age of 12.
The four years of secondary education are open to all holders of Diplôme de Fin d’Etudes de l’Enseignement de Base where the students focus on entering university level or join the workforce after completion.
The Enseignement secondaire is divided into two stages: general academic and specialized.
The higher education system in Tunisia has experienced a rapid expansion and the number of students has more than tripled over the past 10 years from approximately 102,000 in 1995 to 365,000 in 2005.
The gross enrollment rate at the tertiary level in 2007 was 31 percent, with gender parity index of GER of 1.5.
Article: Battle of Red Cliffs
Section: Analysis

Question: Why did Cao Cao's generals prove unworthy for war at the Battle of Red Cliffs according to Zhou Yu?

A combination of Cao Cao's strategic errors and the effectiveness of Huang Gai's ruse had resulted in the allied victory at the Battle of Red Cliffs.
Zhou Yu had previously observed that Cao Cao's generals and soldiers comprised mostly cavalry and infantry, and few had any experience in naval warfare.
Cao Cao also had little support among the people of Jing Province, and thus lacked a secure forward base of operations .
Despite the strategic acumen Cao Cao had displayed in earlier campaigns and battles, in this case he had simply assumed that numerical superiority would eventually defeat the Sun and Liu navy.
Cao's first tactical mistake was converting his massive army of infantry and cavalry into a marine corps and navy: with only a few days of drills before the battle, Cao Cao's troops were ravaged by sea-sickness and lack of experience on water.
Tropical diseases, to which the southerners had long been immune, also plagued the soldiers of the north with the debilitating effects of sickness rampant in Cao Cao's camps.
Although numerous, Cao Cao's men were already exhausted by the unfamiliar environment and the extended southern campaign, as Zhuge Liang observed: "Even a powerful arrow at the end of its flight cannot penetrate a silk cloth" (Military Documents 1979:193).
The uncharacteristically poor preparation and miscalculations displayed by Cao Cao during this campaign may have been partly due to the recent death of his strategist and advisor Guo Jia.
Cao Cao himself had commented: "Had Guo Jia been with us, I would never have got into such trouble" .
Another key advisor, Jia Xu, had recommended after the surrender of Liu Cong that the overtaxed armies be given time to rest and replenish before engaging the armies of Sun Quan and Liu Bei, but Cao Cao disregarded the advice .
Cao Cao's own thoughts regarding his failure at Red Cliffs suggest that he held his own actions and misfortunes responsible for the defeat, rather than the strategies utilised by his enemy during the battle: "... it was only because of the sickness that I burnt my ships and retreated.
It is out of all reason for Zhou Yu to take the credit for himself."
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Article: The Shawshank Redemption
Section: Home media

Question: The total number of video copies shipped by shawshank was how many?

Despite its disappointing box office return, Warner Bros. shipped 320,000 rental video copies throughout the United States, and it became one of the top rented films of 1995.
The film's home viewing success was considered to be based on positive recommendations and repeat customers.
The film's Academy Award nominations enabled it to fare well in the video sales and cable TV viewings.
In June 1997, TNT, an American cable network, showed the film for the first time.
The film was the first feature in TNT's "Saturday Night New Classics".
A 2004 "Sunday Times" article suggested that TNT aired the film frequently from then on, about once every two months.
TV airings of the film accrued record breaking numbers.
Article: Croissant
Section: Abstract

Question: Define croissant.

A croissant ( or ; ) is a buttery flaky viennoiserie pastry named for its well known crescent shape.
Croissants and other viennoiserie are made of a layered yeast-leavened dough.
The dough is layered with butter, rolled and folded several times in succession, then rolled into a sheet, in a technique called laminating.
The process results in a layered, flaky texture, similar to a puff pastry.
Crescent-shaped food breads have been made since the Middle Ages, and crescent-shaped cakes possibly since antiquity.
Croissants have long been a staple of French bakeries and pâtisseries.
In the late 1970s, the development of factory-made, frozen, pre-formed but unbaked dough made them into a fast food which can be freshly baked by unskilled labor.
The croissanterie was explicitly a French response to American-style fast food, and today 30–40% of the croissants sold in French bakeries and patisseries are frozen.
Today, the croissant remains popular in a continental breakfast.
Article: Wushu (sport)
Section: Wushu as an Olympic event

Question: What date did Wushu's bid get rejected?

The IWUF placed a bid to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to have wushu included in future Olympic Games, but did not meet with success.
However, the IOC allowed China to organize an international wushu event during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, but this event is not one of the 28 official Olympic sports, nor is it a demonstration event.
Instead, it was called the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Wushu Tournament.
Wushu was one of 8 sports that was considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
On May 29, 2013, Wushu's bid was rejected.
Article: Universal Studios Florida
Section: New York

Question: When did the indoor roller coaster at Univeral Studios Florida open?

This section of the park is aptly named.
Within its boundaries can be found architectural styles and sets that resemble the New York from the past and present.
New York's flagship attraction is Revenge of the Mummy: The Ride.
Opening in May 2004, this indoor roller coaster was inspired by "The Mummy film franchise".
Outside the ride guests can purchase merchandise items from "Sahara Traders".
Twister... Ride it Out is a live-action attraction that uses special effects to simulate a tornado.
It was inspired by the 1996 film "Twister".
The attraction opened in 1998 and features a merchandise shop entitled "Aftermath" nearby.
A walkthrough attraction named Delancey Street Preview Center allows visitors to preview upcoming films or television shows created by Universal Studios.
This allows the company to receive feedback from a wide range of sources.
The Preview Center opened in 2006.
In the streets of New York, The Blues Brothers perform a variety of classic rock and soul songs multiple times per day in The Blues Brothers Live.
New York features several dining outlets: "Finnegan's Bar and Grill" and "Louie's Italian Restaurant" which were designed for the park as well as "Starbucks Coffee" and "Ben & Jerry's" which are commercial franchises.
Within New York exist three merchandise shops: "Sahara Traders", "Aftermath" and "Rosie's Irish Shop".
The first two feature merchandise related to attractions within this area.
As Nickelodeon was headquartered in the park at the time, the opening credits for "Roundhouse" and "All That" (two of its shows) were filmed around this area of the park.
Article: Lady with an Ermine
Section: Conservation

Question: What color was it before in the artwork of Lady with an Ermine?

The "Lady with an Ermine" has been subjected to two detailed laboratory examinations.
The first was in the Warsaw Laboratories, the findings being published by K. Kwiatkowski in 1955.
The painting underwent examination and restoration again in 1992, at the Washington National Gallery Laboratories under the supervision of David Bull.
The painting is in oil on a thin walnut wood panel, about thick, prepared with a layer of white gesso and a layer of brownish underpaint.
The panel is in good condition apart from a break to the upper left side of the painting.
Its size has never been altered, as indicated by a narrow unpainted strip on all four sides of the painting.
The background was thinly overpainted with unmodulated black, probably between 1830 and 1870, when the damaged corner was restored.
Eugène Delacroix was suggested to have painted the background.
Its previous colour was a bluish grey.
The signature "LEONARD D'AWINCI" (which is Polish phonetical transcription of the name "da Vinci") in the upper left corner is not original.X-ray and microscopic analysis have revealed the charcoal-pounced outline of the pricked preparatory drawing on the prepared undersurface, a technique Leonardo learned in the studio of Verrocchio.
Apart from the black of the background and some abrasion caused by cleaning, the painted surface reveals the painting is almost entirely by the artist's hand.
There has been some slight retouching of her features in red, and the edge of the veil in ochre.
Some scholars believe there also was some later retouching of the hands.
Leonardo's fingerprints have been found in the surface of the paint, indicating he used his fingers to blend his delicate brushstrokes.