community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Counting Stars
Section: Credits and personnel

Question: Who is credited for songwriting of the song "Counting Stars"?

Recording
Recorded at Black Rock Studio Santorini, Santorini, Greece, and Patriot Studios, Denver, Colorado
Mastered at Sterling Sound, New York
Personnel
Songwriting – Ryan Tedder
Production – Ryan Tedder, Noel Zancanella
Engineering – Smith Carlson
Assistant engineering – Matthew Tryba
Harp – HarpEri
Backing vocals — Bobbie Gordon, Brent Kutzle, Zach Filkins, David McGlohon
Mixing – Joe Zook
Assistant mix engineering – Ryan Lipman
Mastering – Chris Gehringer, Will Quinnell
Article: October Revolution
Section: Western historiography

Question: What ideology did Stalinist totalitarianism develop out of?

During the Cold War, Western historiography of the October Revolution developed in direct response to the assertions of the Soviet view.
The Soviet Marxist-Leninist version of the October Revolution conditioned historical interpretations in the United States and the West.
As a result, these Western historians exposed what they considered flaws in the Soviet view, thereby undermining the Bolshevik’s original legitimacy, as well as the precepts of Marxism.
Far from being inevitable according the historical laws of Marxism, these Western historians presented the revolution as the result of a chain of contingent accidents.
Examples of these accidental and contingent factors that precipitated the Revolution include World War I's timing, chance, and the poor leadership of Tsar Nicholas II as well as liberal and moderate socialists.
According to this historical interpretation, it was not popular support, but rather Bolshevik manipulation of the masses and the organization’s ruthlessness and superior structure which enabled it to survive.
For these historians, the Bolsheviks’ defeat in the Constituent Assembly elections of November–December 1917 demonstrated popular opposition to the Bolsheviks’ coup, as did the scale and breadth of the Civil War.
These historians saw the organization of the Bolshevik party as proto-totalitarian.
Their interpretation of the October Revolution as a violent coup organized by a proto-totalitarian party reinforced the idea that totalitarianism is an inherent part of Soviet history.
For them, Stalinist totalitarianism developed as a natural progression from Leninism and the Bolshevik party’s tactics and organization.
Article: The Lion King
Section: Sequels and spin-offs

Question: DVD's of "The Lion King 1½" were initially available in what year?

Sequels and spin-offs.
Between 1995 and 1999, the characters of Timon and Pumbaa received their own animated show, "The Lion King's Timon and Pumbaa", which ran for three seasons and 85 episodes.
Ernie Sabella continued to voice Pumbaa, while Timon was voiced by Quinton Flynn and Kevin Schon in addition to Nathan Lane himself.
In 1998, a sequel entitled "" was released on VHS.
The film centers around Simba and Nala's daughter, Kiara, who falls in love with Kovu, a male lion who was raised in a pride of Scar's followers, the Outsiders.
2004 saw the release of another "Lion King" film on DVD, "The Lion King 1½".
It is a prequel in showing how Timon and Pumbaa met each other, and also a parallel in that it also depicts what the characters were retconned to have done during the events of the original movie.
Article: Johannes Vermeer
Section: References in other media

Question: When was Tim's Vermeer released?

In the first volume of Marcel Proust's novel "In Search of Lost Time", entitled "Swann's Way", the protagonist Charles Swann is said to be working on an extended essay concerning Vermeer's art.
In addition, Vermeer's "View of Delft" features in a pivotal sequence of a later volume, "The Captive", in the same work.
A Vermeer painting plays a key part of the dénouement in Agatha Christie's "After the Funeral" (1953).
Susan Vreeland's novel "Girl in Hyacinthe Blue" follows eight individuals with a relationship to a painting of Vermeer.
The young adult novel "Chasing Vermeer" by Blue Balliett centers around the fictitious theft of Vermeer's "A Lady Writing".
J.P. Smith's novel, "The Discovery of Light", deals largely with Vermeer.
The character of Barney, in Thomas Harris's novel "Hannibal" (1999), has a goal to see every Vermeer painting in the world before he dies.
Tracy Chevalier's novel "Girl with a Pearl Earring" and the film of the same name (2003) are named after the painting; they present a fictional account of its creation by Vermeer and his relationship with the (equally fictional) model.
The film was nominated for Oscars in cinematography, art direction, and costume design.
Peter Greenaway's film "A Zed & Two Noughts" (1985) contains a plot line about an orthopedic surgeon named Van Meegeren who stages highly exact scenes from Vermeer paintings in order to paint copies of them.
The Dutch composer Louis Andriessen based his opera "Writing to Vermeer" (1997–98, libretto by Peter Greenaway) on the domestic life of Vermeer.
The song "No One Was Like Vermeer" from the 2008 album Because Her Beauty Is Raw and Wild by Boston singer-songwriter Jonathan Richman pays tribute to Vermeer's painstaking technique.
Richman also references Vermeer in his song "Vincent Van Gogh" and both songs are frequently part of Richman's live performances.
"Jan Vermeer" is a rockabilly song written by Bob Walkenhorst for his solo album "The Beginner".
David Olney's song "Mister Vermeer" on his 2010 album "Dutchman's Curve" imagines Vermeer's unrequited love for the subject of Girl with a Pearl Earring.
Historian Timothy Brook's "" (2007) examines six of Vermeer's paintings for evidence of world trade and globalization during the Dutch Golden Age.
The 2013 documentary film "Tim's Vermeer" follows inventor Tim Jenison's examination on his theory that Vermeer used optical devices to assist in generating his realistic images
Article: Physiology
Section: Human physiology

Question: How was much of the foundation of knowledge in human physiology obtained?

Human physiology seeks to understand the mechanisms that work to keep the human body alive and functioning, through scientific enquiry into the nature of mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed.
The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems within systems.
The endocrine and nervous systems play major roles in the reception and transmission of signals that integrate function in animals.
Homeostasis is a major aspect with regard to such interactions within plants as well as animals.
The biological basis of the study of physiology, integration refers to the overlap of many functions of the systems of the human body, as well as its accompanied form.
It is achieved through communication that occurs in a variety of ways, both electrical and chemical.
Much of the foundation of knowledge in human physiology was provided by animal experimentation.
Physiology is the study of function and is closely related to anatomy which is the study of form.
Due to the frequent connection between form and function, physiology and anatomy are intrinsically linked and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum.
Article: Somebody That I Used to Know
Section: Abstract

Question: Which song provided the inspiration to write "Somebody That I Used To Know"?

"Somebody That I Used to Know" is a song written and recorded by Belgian-Australian singer-songwriter Gotye, featuring New Zealand singer/guitarist Kimbra.
The song was released in Australia and New Zealand by on 5 July 2011 as the second single from Gotye's third studio album, "Making Mirrors" (2011).
It was later released by Universal Music in December 2011 in the United Kingdom, and in January 2012 in the United States and Ireland.
"Somebody That I Used To Know" was written and recorded by Gotye at his parents' house on the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria and is lyrically related to the experiences he has had with relationships.
"Somebody That I Used to Know" is a mid-tempo, indie pop ballad.
It samples Luiz Bonfá's song "Seville" from his 1967 album "Luiz Bonfa Plays Great Songs".
The song received positive reception from critics, who noted the similarities between the song and works by Sting, Peter Gabriel and American folk band Bon Iver.
The song won the Triple J Hottest 100 poll at the end of 2011, as well as ARIA Awards for song of the year and best video, while Kimbra was voted best female artist and Gotye was named best male artist and producer of the year.
In 2013 the song won two Grammy Awards for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Record of the Year, and came ninth in the Triple J Hottest 100 of the Past 20 Years, 2013.
Commercially, "Somebody That I Used to Know" became Gotye's most successful and signature song.
It topped the US, UK, Australian as well as 23 other national charts, and reached the top 10 in more than 30 countries around the world.
The song has sold more than 13 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling digital singles of all time.
It was also placed at the top of a number of year-end charts by "Billboard Magazine" (including the Hot 100, Adult Pop Songs, and Alternative Songs) and other record chart companies around the world.
"Somebody That I Used To Know" has been performed several times live on shows such as "The Voice", "American Idol" and "Saturday Night Live".
It was covered by Canadian indie rock group Walk off the Earth using a single guitar played simultaneously by all five band members.
The original single's accompanying music video was directed by Natasha Pincus.
The video premiered on 30 July 2011 and shows Gotye and Kimbra naked against a white backdrop, and while they sing, a pattern of paint gradually covers his skin and the backdrop via stop motion animation.
Article: Private Practice (TV series)
Section: Casting

Question: Who replaced Merrin Dungey as Naomi?

On , it was announced by ABC that Merrin Dungey, who played the role of Naomi Bennett, would be replaced by four time Tony winner Audra McDonald.
ABC gave no reason for this change.
On , it was announced that a new character, played by KaDee Strickland, had been added to the main cast.
Tony Award Winner Idina Menzel appeared in two episodes during the second season.
Menzel was married to "Private Practice" star Taye Diggs.
David Sutcliffe, Jayne Brook, and Josh Hopkins also appeared in "Private Practice".
Article: India
Section: Society

Question: Which Indian national holidays are observed in all its states and union territories?

Traditional Indian society is sometimes defined by social hierarchy.
The Indian caste system embodies much of the social stratification and many of the social restrictions found in the Indian subcontinent.
Social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as "jātis", or "castes".
India declared the caste system and untouchability to be illegal in 1947 and has since enacted other anti-discriminatory laws and social welfare initiatives.
At the workplace in urban India and in international or leading Indian companies, the caste related identification has pretty much lost its importance.
Family values are important in the Indian tradition, and multi-generational patriarchal joint families have been the norm in India, though nuclear families are becoming common in urban areas.
An overwhelming majority of Indians, with their consent, have their marriages arranged by their parents or other family members.
Marriage is thought to be for life, and the divorce rate is extremely low.
Child marriages are common, especially in rural areas; many women in India wed before reaching 18, which is their legal marriageable age.
Female infanticide in India and female foeticide in India have caused a discrepancy in the sex ratio, as of 2005 it was estimated that there were 50 million more males than females in the nation.
However the recent report from 2011 shown improvement among the gender ratio.
The payment of Dowry, although illegal, remains widespread across class lines.
Deaths resulting from dowry, mostly from bride burning, is on the rise.
Many Indian festivals are religious in origin; among them are Chhath, Christmas, Diwali, Durga Puja, Bakr-Id, Eid ul-Fitr, Ganesh Chaturthi, Holi, Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan, Navratri, Thai Pongal, and Vaisakhi.
India has three national holidays which are observed in all states and union territories: Republic Day, Independence Day, and Gandhi Jayanti.
Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially observed in individual states.
Throughout India, many people practice customs and religious rituals, such as "samskara," which is a series of "personal sacraments and rites conducted at various stages throughout life."
Article: Chocolate brownie
Section: Myths about creation

Question: What is the brownie's creation most common myth about?

There are three main myths about the creation of the brownie.
The first, that a chef accidentally added melted chocolate to biscuit dough.
The second, a cook forgot to add flour to the batter.
And thirdly, the most popular belief, that a housewife did not have baking powder and improvised with this new treat.
It was said that she was baking for guests and decided to serve these flattened cakes to them.
All three myths have gained popularity throughout the years.
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Critical

Question: When was the nomination for a Grammy Award announced for Chasing Cars?

The song was nominated for a 2007 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song, as well as for a 2007 BRIT Award for Best British Single.
In 2007, "Chasing Cars" was voted number 1 in the Top 500 Songs: The Words Behind the Music, on Bristol's GWR FM (and other stations in The One Network).
Music's Adam Webb, however had mixed feelings for the single, when he awarded it 5 stars out of 10, saying it was a "misguided attempt to recreate its breast-beating slo-motion scarf-waving formula."
Further, he made comparisons of the song to Hollywood soundtracks, which in his words are "about as subtle as a rhino and too overt to be truly affecting.
""Billboard" magazine's Sven Phillip found the song the only one on the album "not to be missed".
He called it a "catchy, colossal ballad that succeeds without any fireworks".UK music licensing body PPL announced in December 2009 that "Chasing Cars" was the most played song of the decade.
Article: We Found Love
Section: Recognition and awards

Question: "We Found Love" won "Video of the Year" at which MTV Video Music Awards?

MTV chose "We Found Love" as the third best song of 2011, and "Video of the Year" at the MTV Video Music Awards 2012.
The writers of the website further commented, "The leadoff single from "Talk That Talk" is where Rihanna fully embraced EDM.
Produced by Calvin Harris, 'We Found Love' is a swirling party track about love and loss, the rare song that manages to be sad and joyous all at once.
And it is a pinnacle of the pop/dance crossover, a throwback to '90s raves that could make even the most stoic lover of pop want to break out a glow stick and just dance.
Rob Sheffield of "Rolling Stone" put "We Found Love" at number eleven on his list of Top 25 Songs of 2011 commenting, "While her other hits tried to camouflage her spindly voice, here it just strains for that spindly melody."
It was named the third biggest love song of all time by "Billboard".
Article: Once Upon a Time (TV series)
Section: Abstract

Question: When did the spin-off of Once Upon a Time Air?

Once Upon a Time (TV series)Once Upon a Time is an American fairy tale drama series that premiered on Sunday, October 23, 2011, on ABC.
The show takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, the residents of which are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the "real world" town and robbed of their real memories by a powerful curse.
Episodes typically feature a primary storyline in Storybrooke, as well as a secondary storyline usually from another point in a character's life before the curse was enacted.
The show airs Sunday nights at 8:00 pm ET/7:00 pm CT."Once Upon a Time" was created by "Lost" and "" writers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz.
Its first season received "generally favorable" reviews from critics.
Metacritic gave it a score of 66 out of 100 based on 26 reviews.
The pilot episode was watched by 12.93 million viewers and achieved an adult 18–49 rating/share of 4.0/10.
A second season premiered on September 30, 2012 to an audience of 11.36 million.
The third season began on September 29, 2013, opening to 8.52 million viewers.
A green-light for a spin-off series "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland" was also given by ABC, and the first season consisting of 13 episodes premiered on ABC on October 10, 2013.
The spin-off, that includes crossovers with its parent show, airs at 8:00pm (ET) on Thursday nights in the 2013–14 TV schedule.
Article: Jiro Dreams of Sushi
Section: Production

Question: What was the movie Jiro Dreams of Sushi  initially to be named?

Initially, Gelb had planned to do what he had nicknamed "Planet Sushi", inspired by the cinematography of the BBC documentary "Planet Earth":"Originally, I was going to make a film with a lot of different sushi chefs who all had different styles, but when I got to Jiro's restaurant, I was not only amazed by how good the sushi was and how much greater it was than any other sushi restaurant I had ever been to, but I also found Jiro to be such a compelling character and such an interesting person.
I was also fascinated by the story of his son, who is fifty-years-old, but still works for his father at the restaurant.
So, I thought, 'Here's a story about a person living in his father's shadow while his father is in a relentless pursuit of perfection.'
It was the makings of a good feature film.
"Principal photography took Gelb one month (January 2010), augmented by additional scenes shot later that year in August; editing took 10 months.
Article: Forbidden City
Section: Religion

Question: What court was religion an important part

Religion was an important part of life for the imperial court.
In the Qing dynasty, the Palace of Earthly Harmony became a place of Manchu Shamanist ceremony.
At the same time, the native Chinese Taoist religion continued to have an important role throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties.
There were two Taoist shrines, one in the imperial garden and another in the central area of the Inner Court.
Another prevalent form of religion in the Qing dynasty palace was Buddhism.
A number of temples and shrines were scattered throughout the Inner Court, including that of Tibetan Buddhism or Lamaism.
Buddhist iconography also proliferated in the interior decorations of many buildings.
Of these, the Pavilion of the Rain of Flowers is one of the most important.
It housed a large number of Buddhist statues, icons, and mandalas, placed in ritualistic arrangements.
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Resorts

Question: What is the meaning of  Express Pass?

The resort features three official on-site hotels: Loews Royal Pacific Hotel, the Hard Rock Hotel, and Loews Portofino Bay Hotel & Spa.
All three hotels are located in close proximity to the Universal Orlando theme parks.
The hotels offer guests free water taxi or shuttle bus service to the Universal Orlando theme parks.
Another benefit is that the guest room key works as an "Express Pass", allowing the guest to bypass the Stand-by line at participating attractions.
Theme park guests who are not staying at the Universal official hotels are able to purchase "Express Passes" at an additional cost.
Article: Udon
Section: Origin

Question: When did Kukai travel to China to study?

There are many stories explaining the origin of udon.
One story says that in AD.1241, Enni, a Rinzai monk, introduced flour milling technology to Japan.
Floured crops were then made into noodles such as udon, soba, and pancakes which were eaten by locals.
Milling techniques were spread around the country.
In the Edo period, the thicker wheat noodle was generally called udon, and served with a hot broth called nurumugi(温麦).
The chilled variety was called hiyamugi(冷麦).
Another story states that in Nara period, a Japanese envoy was introduced to 14 kinds of confection whilst in Tang Dynasty China.
One of them was called sakubei(索餅).
Sakubei was listed as 'muginawa'(牟義縄) on Shin Senji Kyo(新撰字鏡), a dictionary which was published in Heian Era.
The muginawa is believed to be an origin for many kinds of Japanese noodles.
However, the muginawa listed on Shin Senji Kyo(新撰字鏡) was made with wheat and rice flour.
Another historical story for udon claims that the original name of the noodle was 'konton', which was made with wheat flour and sweet fillings.
Yet another story says that a Buddhist priest called Kukai introduced udon noodles to Shikoku during the Heian Era.
In China, similar thick wheat flour noodles are called "cū miàn" (粗麵).
This noodle was 2 to 3 mm in diameter, a flat pancake-shaped "noodle" added to miso-based soup.
The Sino-Japanese characters for udon (饂飩) is similar to, but different from, the modern Chinese characters for wonton, which is called hún dùn in Mandarin (馄炖), a type of dumplings.
In Chinese, udon noodles are called "wūdōngmiàn" (烏冬 "wūdōng" or 烏冬麵), and sometimes "wūlóngmiàn" (烏龍麵), which has the same characters as those used in "Oolong" tea ("wūlóngchá", 烏龍茶), though there is no semantic relation between the two usages.Kūkai, the Buddhist priest, traveled to China around the beginning of the 9th century to study.
Sanuki Province claimed to have been the first to adopt udon noodles from Kūkai.
Hakata claimed to have produced udon noodles based on Enni's recipe.
Article: Part of Me (Katy Perry song)
Section: Reception

Question: Katy Perry's video has been compared to what movie?

The video garnered positive reviews from critics, who praised its self-empowerment theme and its different approach in comparison to Perry's previous music videos.
Bruno Nessif of E!
Online compared the video to Demi Moore's role in G.I.
Jane.
Ray Rahman from "Entertainment Weekly" echoed the similarity of the G.I.
Jane influence in the video, and called it an "intense ride".
MTV's James Montgomery praised the video and Perry's role, saying:"Over the years, Perry has been a California Gurl, a nerdy teenager, an alien and just about everything in between, but up until now, she's never really been an actual person."
He went on to praise the video stating: "Part of Me" is unlike any pop video in recent memory.
Rihanna did military chic in her "Hard" video (she even straddled a tank), and just about every one of Perry's pop contemporaries have ventured down the same path.
But they were never really in the military; they were just making it more fabulous.
Perry takes the opposite tact: She cuts off her hair, she eschews makeup, she fights, crawls, suffers.
It's a commendable level of commitment.
Your move, everybody else.
"Feminist author Naomi Wolf criticized the video as propaganda for the Marine Corps, stating "I really want to find out if she was paid by them for making it ... it is truly shameful.
I would suggest a boycott of this singer whom I really liked if you are as offended at this glorification of violence as I am."
Glenn Selig, founder of The Publicity Agency, responded to these claims on Fox News Live, stating, "In her efforts to boycott the video, Naomi Wolf has brought more attention to it, without her comments, most people would clearly have seen the military simply as a metaphor and not as an attempt by Katy Perry to glamorize the military or war."
Perry told MTV that she chose the military plot because it represented the song, saying, "It's an affirmation of strength, so I wanted to go the strongest route I ever could."