community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Germany
Section: Health

Question: In 2005, how did Germany spend of its GDP on health care?

Germany has the world's oldest universal health care system, dating back to Bismarck's social legislation in 1883.
He stressed the importance of three key principles; solidarity, the government is responsible to ensure access by those who are in need, subsidiarity, policies are implemented with smallest no political and administrative influence, and corporatism, the government representative bodies in health care professions deems feasible procedures.
Since then there have been many reforms and provisions to ensure a balanced health care system.
Currently the population is covered by a fairly comprehensive health insurance plan provided by statute.
Certain groups of people (lifetime officials, self-employed persons, employees with high income) can opt out of the plan and switch to a private insurance contract.
Previously, these groups could also choose to do without insurance, but this option was dropped in 2009.
According to the World Health Organization, Germany's health care system was 77% government-funded and 23% privately funded .
In 2005, Germany spent 11% of its GDP on health care.
Germany ranked 20th in the world in life expectancy with 77 years for men and 82 years for women, and it had a very low infant mortality rate (4 per 1,000 live births)., the principal cause of death was cardiovascular disease, at 41%, followed by malignant tumours, at 26%., about 82,000 Germans had been infected with HIV/AIDS and 26,000 had died from the disease (cumulatively, since 1982).
This article may incorporate text from this source, which is in the public domain.</ref>According to a 2005 survey, 27% of German adults are smokers.
Article: Private Practice (TV series)
Section: Origins

Question: What was the name of the clinic in Los Angeles?

Production history.
On , ":The Wall Street Journal" reported that ABC was pursuing a spin-off of "Grey's Anatomy" featuring Kate Walsh's character Addison Montgomery.
Subsequent reports confirmed the report, stating that an expanded two-hour broadcast of "Grey's Anatomy" (which aired ) would serve as a backdoor pilot for the spinoff.
The backdoor pilot episode features Montgomery on leave from Seattle Grace Hospital, the clinic in Los Angeles is named the Oceanside Wellness Centre.
The broadcast served as the 22nd and 23rd episodes of the season (out of 25), and was directed by Michael Grossman, according to "Variety".
Gossip columnists Kristin Veitch and Michael Ausiello reported that the spinoff would be set in Los Angeles.
Article: Fruitvale Station
Section: Abstract

Question: What is Fruitvale Station?

Fruitvale Station is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Ryan Coogler.
It is Coogler's first feature-length film and is based on the events leading to the death of Oscar Grant, a young man who was killed by BART police officer Johannes Mehserle at the Fruitvale Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Station in Oakland, California.
The film stars Michael B. Jordan as Oscar Grant.
Forest Whitaker is one of the film's producers.
Kevin Durand and Chad Michael Murray play the two BART police officers involved in Grant's death.
The names of the officers were changed for the film.
"Fruitvale Station" debuted at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury Prize and the Audience Award for U.S. dramatic film.
It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival where it won the award for Best First Film.
The film was released in theaters July 12, 2013.
It received critical acclaim upon its release and earned other awards.
Article: Wushu (sport)
Section: Traditional weapons routines

Question: What does Emeici refer to?

There is also a traditional weapons category, which often includes the following:
Changsuijian (長穗劍) – Long-Tasseled Sword
Shuangshoujian (雙手劍) – Two-Handed Sword
Jiujiebian (九節鞭) – Nine Section Whip
Sanjiegun (三節棍) – Three Section Staff
Shengbiao (繩鏢) – Rope Dart
Dadao (大刀) – Great Sword
Pudao (撲刀) – Horse Knife
Emeici (峨嵋刺) – Emei Daggers
Shuangdao (雙刀) – Double Broadsword
Shuangjian (雙劍) – Double Straight-Sword
Shuangbian (雙鞭) – Double Nine Section Whips
Shuanggou (雙鈎) – Double Hook-sword
Article: NASA
Section: Medicine in space

Question: Who conducts medical studies in space?

Scientific research.
Medicine in space.
A variety of large-scale medical studies are being conducted in space by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI).
Prominent among these is the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity Study, in which astronauts (including former ISS Commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka) perform ultrasound scans under the guidance of remote experts to diagnose and potentially treat hundreds of medical conditions in space.
Usually there is no physician on board the International Space Station, and diagnosis of medical conditions is challenging.
Astronauts are susceptible to a variety of health risks including decompression sickness, barotrauma, immunodeficiencies, loss of bone and muscle, orthostatic intolerance due to volume loss, sleep disturbances, and radiation injury.
Ultrasound offers a unique opportunity to monitor these conditions in space.
This study's techniques are now being applied to cover professional and Olympic sports injuries as well as ultrasound performed by non-expert operators in populations such as medical and high school students.
It is anticipated that remote guided ultrasound will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations, where access to a trained physician is often rare.
Article: Watergate scandal
Section: Resignation

Question: Who destroyed the "smoking gun" tape?

The release of the "smoking gun" tape destroyed Nixon politically.
The 10 congressmen who voted against all three articles of impeachment in the House Judiciary Committee announced they would all support impeachment when the vote was taken in the full House.
On the night of August 7, 1974, Senators Barry Goldwater and Hugh Scott and Congressman John Jacob Rhodes met with Nixon in the Oval Office and told him that his support in Congress had all but disappeared.
Rhodes told Nixon that he would face certain impeachment when the articles came up for vote in the full House.
Goldwater and Scott told the president that there were not only enough votes in the Senate to convict him, but that no more than 15 Senators were willing to vote for acquittal.
Realizing that he had no chance of staying in office, Nixon decided to resign.
In a nationally televised address from the Oval Office on the evening of August 8, 1974, the president said, in part:The morning that his resignation was to take effect, the President, with Mrs. Nixon and their family, said farewell to the White House staff in the East Room.
A helicopter carried them from the White House to Andrews Air Force base in Maryland.
Nixon later wrote that he thought, "As the helicopter moved on to Andrews, I found myself thinking not of the past, but of the future.
What could I do now?…" At Andrews, he and his family boarded Air Force One to El Toro Marine Corps Air Station in California, and then were transported to his home in San Clemente.
Article: Marzipan
Section: Etymology

Question: In which century did the boxes become decorative containers for storing and serving luxury sweetmeats?

The German name has largely ousted the original English name "marchpane" with the same apparent derivation: "March bread."
(The word "marchpane" occurs in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet", Act 1, Scene 5, Line 9.)
"Marzapane" is documented earlier in Italian than in any other language, and the sense "bread" for "pan" is Romance.
The origin could be from the Latin term "martius panis", which means "bread of March".
However, the ultimate etymology is unclear; for example, the Italian word derives from the Latin words "Massa" (itself from Greek Μάζα "Maza") meaning pastry and "Pan" meaning bread, this can be particularly seen in the Provençal "massapan", the Portuguese "maçapão" (where 'ç' is an alternative form for the phoneme 'ss') and old Spanish "mazapán" - the change from 'ss' to 'z' in Latin words was common in old Spanish and the 'r' appeared later.
Though, it could also be derived from martis pan, bread of March.
Among the other possible etymologies set forth in the Oxford English Dictionary, one theory proposes that the word "marzipan" may be a corruption of Martaban, a Burmese city famous for its jars.
The Real Academia Española suggests the idea of the Spanish word mazapán to be derived from the Hispanic Arabic بسمة pičmáṭ, which is derived from the Greek παξαμάδιον.
Another source could be from Arabic موثابان "mawthābān" "king who sits still."
The Arabic, Latinized as "matapanus", was used to describe a Venetian coin depicting an enthroned Christ the King.
These coins were stored in ornate boxes.
From about the fifteenth century, when the coins were no longer in circulation, the boxes became decorative containers for storing and serving luxury sweetmeats.
One such luxury that crept into the box in the sixteenth century is the now-famous almond-flavored marzipan, named (at least proximately) after the box in which it was stored.
However, if marzipan has its origin in Persia, it is not unlikely that the name may come from Marzban (in Persian: مرزبان, derived from the words Marz مرز meaning "border" or "boundary" and the suffix -bān بان meaning guardian), a class of margraves or military commanders in charge of border provinces of the Sassanid Empire of Persia (Iran) between 3rd and 7th centuries CE.
It is also a possibility that the origin of this dessert and the origin of the term come from different geographical places.
Article: Czech Republic
Section: Transportation infrastructure

Question: Where is the busiest airport in Central and Eastern Europe located?

Václav Havel Airport in Prague is the main international airport in the country.
In 2010, it handled 11.6 million passengers, which makes it the busiest airport in Central and Eastern Europe.
In total, Czech Republic has 46 airports with paved runways, six of which provide international air services in Brno, Karlovy Vary, Mošnov (near Ostrava), Pardubice, Prague and Kunovice (near Uherské Hradiště).České dráhy (the Czech railways) is the main railway operator in the Czech Republic, with about 180 million passengers carried yearly.
Its cargo division, ČD Cargo, is the fifth largest railway cargo operator in the European Union.
With of tracks, the Czech Republic has one of the densest railway networks in Europe.
Of that number, is electrified, are single-line tracks and are double and multiple-line tracks.
In 2006 the new Italian tilting trains Pendolino ČD Class 680 entered service.
They have reached a speed of 237 km/h setting a new Czech railway speed record.
Russia, via pipelines through Ukraine and to a lesser extent, Norway, via pipelines through Germany, supply the Czech Republic with liquid and natural gas.
The road network in the Czech Republic is long.
and 738,4 km of motorways and 439,1 km of expressways.
The speed limit is 50 km/h within towns, 90 km/h outside of towns and 130 km/h on expressways.
Article: David (Michelangelo)
Section: Abstract

Question: When was the David moved to the Accademia Gallery?

David (Michelangelo)David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504, by the Italian artist Michelangelo.
It is a marble statue of a standing male nude.
The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence.
Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was placed instead in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence, where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504.
Because of the nature of the hero that it represented, it soon came to symbolize the defense of civil liberties embodied in the Florentine Republic, an independent city-state threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the hegemony of the Medici family.
The eyes of David, with a warning glare, were turned towards Rome.
The statue was moved to the Accademia Gallery in Florence in 1873, and later replaced at the original location by a replica.
Article: Boston Tea Party
Section: Legacy

Question: Who raised $6 million on the 234th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party?

John Adams and many other Americans considered tea drinking to be unpatriotic following the Boston Tea Party.
Tea drinking declined during and after the Revolution, resulting in a lasting American preference for coffee.
According to historian Alfred Young, the term "Boston Tea Party" did not appear in print until 1834.
Before that time, the event was usually referred to as the "destruction of the tea".
According to Young, American writers were for many years apparently reluctant to celebrate the destruction of property, and so the event was usually ignored in histories of the American Revolution.
This began to change in the 1830s, however, especially with the publication of biographies of George Robert Twelves Hewes, one of the few still-living participants of the "tea party", as it then became known.
The Boston Tea Party Museum is located on the Congress Street Bridge in Boston.
It features reenactments, a documentary, and a number of interactive exhibits.
The museum features two authentically restored ships, the Eleanor and the Beaver.
Additionally, the museum possesses one of two known tea chests from the original event, part of its permanent collection.
The issue was never the tax but how the tax was passed without American input; United States Congress taxed tea from 1789 to 1872.
The Boston Tea Party has often been referenced in other political protests.
When Mohandas K. Gandhi led a mass burning of Indian registration cards in South Africa in 1908, a British newspaper compared the event to the Boston Tea Party.
When Gandhi met with the British viceroy in 1930 after the Indian salt protest campaign, Gandhi took some duty-free salt from his shawl and said, with a smile, that the salt was "to remind us of the famous Boston Tea Party.
"American activists from a variety of political viewpoints have invoked the Tea Party as a symbol of protest.
In 1973, on the 200th anniversary of the Tea Party, a mass meeting at Faneuil Hall called for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon and protested oil companies in the ongoing oil crisis.
Afterwards, protesters boarded a replica ship in Boston Harbor, hanged Nixon in effigy, and dumped several empty oil drums into the harbor.
In 1998, two conservative US Congressmen put the federal tax code into a chest marked "tea" and dumped it into the harbor.
In 2006, a libertarian political party called the "Boston Tea Party" was founded.
In 2007, the Ron Paul "Tea Party" money bomb, held on the 234th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, broke the one-day fund-raising record by raising $6.04 million in 24 hours.
Subsequently, these fund-raising "Tea parties" grew into the Tea Party movement, which dominated politics for the next two years, culminating in a voter victory for the Republicans in 2010 who were widely elected to seats in the United States House of Representatives.
Article: Treaty of Versailles
Section: Negotiations

Question: In the negotiations, were Germany, Austria and Hungary included?

Negotiations between the Allied powers started on 18 January in the "Salle de l'Horloge" at the French Foreign Ministry, on the Quai d'Orsay in Paris.
Initially, 70 delegates of 27 nations participated in the negotiations.
Having been defeated, Germany, Austria, and Hungary were excluded from the negotiations.
Russia was also excluded because it had negotiated a separate peace with Germany in 1918, in which Germany gained a large fraction of Russia's land and resources.
The treaty's terms were extremely harsh, as the negotiators at Versailles later pointed out.
At first a "Council of Ten" comprising two delegates each from Britain, France, the United States, Italy and Japan), met officially to decide the peace terms.
It became the "Big Four" when Japan dropped out and the top person from each of the other four met in 145 closed sessions to make all the major decisions, which were later ratified by the entire assembly.
Apart from Italian issues, the main conditions were determined at personal meetings among the by the leaders of the "Big Three" nations: British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, and American President Woodrow Wilson.
The minor nations attended a weekly "Plenary Conference" that discussed issues in a general forum but made no decisions.
These members formed over 50 commissions that made various recommendations, many of which were incorporated into the final Treaty.
Article: Vincent van Gogh
Section: Abstract

Question: How did Van Gogh die?

Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a post-Impressionist painter of Dutch origin whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty and bold color, had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art.
After years of painful anxiety and frequent bouts of mental illness, he died aged 37 from a gunshot wound, generally accepted to be self-inflicted (although no gun was ever found).
His work was then known to only a handful of people and appreciated by fewer still.
Van Gogh began to draw as a child, and he continued to draw throughout the years that led up to his decision to become an artist.
He did not begin painting until his late twenties, completing many of his best-known works during the last two years of his life.
In just over a decade, he produced more than 2,100 artworks, consisting of 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints.
His work included self portraits, landscapes, still lifes, portraits and paintings of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers.
Van Gogh spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art dealers, traveling between The Hague, London and Paris, after which he taught for a time in England at Isleworth and Ramsgate.
One of his early aspirations was to become a pastor and from 1879 he worked as a missionary in a mining region in Belgium where he began to sketch people from the local community.
In 1885, he painted his first major work "The Potato Eaters".
His palette at the time consisted mainly of somber earth tones and showed no sign of the vivid coloration that distinguished his later work.
In March 1886, he moved to Paris and discovered the French Impressionists.
Later, he moved to the south of France and was influenced by the strong sunlight he found there.
His work grew brighter in color, and he developed the unique and highly recognizable style that became fully realized during his stay in Arles in 1888.
The extent to which his mental health affected his painting has been a subject of speculation since his death.
Despite a widespread tendency to romanticize his ill health, modern critics see an artist deeply frustrated by the inactivity and incoherence brought about by his bouts of illness.
According to art critic Robert Hughes, Van Gogh's late works show an artist at the height of his ability, completely in control and "longing for concision and grace."
Article: Henri Matisse
Section: Early life and education

Question: Where did Henri Matisse grow up in France.

Matisse was born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, in the Nord department in northern France, the oldest son of a prosperous grain merchant.
He grew up in Bohain-en-Vermandois, Picardie, France.
In 1887 he went to Paris to study law, working as a court administrator in Le Cateau-Cambrésis after gaining his qualification.
He first started to paint in 1889, after his mother brought him art supplies during a period of convalescence following an attack of appendicitis.
He discovered "a kind of paradise" as he later described it, and decided to become an artist, deeply disappointing his father.
In 1891, he returned to Paris to study art at the Académie Julian and became a student of William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Gustave Moreau.
Initially he painted still-lifes and landscapes in a traditional style, at which he achieved reasonable proficiency.
Matisse was influenced by the works of earlier masters such as Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Nicolas Poussin, and Antoine Watteau, as well as by modern artists such as Édouard Manet, and by Japanese art.
Chardin was one of the painters Matisse most admired; as an art student he made copies of four of Chardin's paintings in the Louvre.
In 1896 and 1897, Matisse visited the Australian painter John Peter Russell on the island Belle Île off the coast of Brittany.
Russell introduced him to Impressionism and to the work of van Gogh, who had been a friend of Russell but was completely unknown at the time.
Matisse's style changed completely, and he would later say "Russell was my teacher, and Russell explained colour theory to me."
In 1896 Matisse exhibited five paintings in the salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, two of which were purchased by the state.
With the model Caroline Joblau, he had a daughter, Marguerite, born in 1894.
In 1898 he married Amélie Noellie Parayre; the two raised Marguerite together and had two sons, Jean (born 1899) and Pierre (born 1900).
Marguerite and Amélie often served as models for Matisse.
In 1898, on the advice of Camille Pissarro, he went to London to study the paintings of J. M. W. Turner and then went on a trip to Corsica.
Upon his return to Paris in February 1899, he worked beside Albert Marquet and met André Derain, Jean Puy, and Jules Flandrin.
Matisse immersed himself in the work of others and went into debt from buying work from painters he admired.
The work he hung and displayed in his home included a plaster bust by Rodin, a painting by Gauguin, a drawing by van Gogh, and Cézanne's "Three Bathers".
In Cézanne's sense of pictorial structure and colour, Matisse found his main inspiration.
Many of Matisse's paintings from 1898 to 1901 make use of a Divisionist technique he adopted after reading Paul Signac's essay, "D'Eugène Delacroix au Néo-impressionisme".
His paintings of 1902–03, a period of material hardship for the artist, are comparatively somber and reveal a preoccupation with form.
Having made his first attempt at sculpture, a copy after Antoine-Louis Barye, in 1899, he devoted much of his energy to working in clay, completing "The Slave" in 1903.