community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Man at the Crossroads
Section: Destruction

Question: When was an article published in the New York World-Telegram that attacked the Man at the Crossroads mural for being anti-capitalist?

On 24 April 1933 the "New York World-Telegram" newspaper published an article attacking the mural as anti-capitalist propaganda.
A few days later Rivera added the portrait of Lenin to the work.
This precipitated a major controversy by May.
The bad publicity greatly upset Rockefeller.
Rivera was asked to remove the picture of Lenin, but refused, instead offering to add Abraham Lincoln to the work as way of a compromise.
Rockefeller then left the decision about the future of the mural to Todd-Robertson-Todd.
Rivera was fully paid the promised amount for his work, but the mural was covered in drapery and left incomplete.
Despite protests from art lovers and attempts to get it to moved to the Museum of Modern Art, it remained covered until the early weeks of 1934, when it was destroyed by workmen.
The destruction caused widespread controversy.
Ralph Stackpole and Bernard Zakheim (who headed a group of artists commissioned by the WPA to paint murals at the Coit Tower in San Francisco) protested, and also included references to the incident in the form of headlines in newspapers held by figures in their paintings.
The Rockefeller Center commissioned a mural by Jose Maria Sert entitled "American Progress" to replace Rivera's work.
It used Abraham Lincoln as its focal point.
Article: International Space Station
Section: Stress

Question: How do different cultures cause a problem on the ISS?

There has been considerable evidence that psychosocial stressors are among the most important impediments to optimal crew morale and performance.
Cosmonaut Valery Ryumin, wrote in his journal during a particularly difficult period onboard the Salyut 6 space station: “All the conditions necessary for murder are met if you shut two men in a cabin measuring 18 feet by 20 and leave them together for two months.”NASA's interest in psychological stress caused by space travel, initially studied when their manned missions began, was rekindled when astronauts joined cosmonauts on the Russian space station Mir.
Common sources of stress in early American missions included maintaining high performance while under public scrutiny, as well as isolation from peers and family.
The latter is still often a cause of stress on the ISS, such as when the mother of NASA Astronaut Daniel Tani died in a car accident, and when Michael Fincke was forced to miss the birth of his second child.
A study of the longest spaceflight concluded that the first three weeks represent a critical period where attention is adversely affected because of the demand to adjust to the extreme change of environment.
While Skylab's 3 crews remained one, two, and three months respectively, long term crews on Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and the ISS last about five to six months while MIR's expeditions often lasted longer.
The ISS working environment includes further stress caused by living and working in cramped conditions with people from very different cultures who speak a different language.
First generation space stations had crews who spoke a single language, while second and third-generation stations have crew from many cultures who speak many languages.
The ISS is unique because visitors are not classed automatically into 'host' or 'guest' categories as with previous stations and spacecraft, and may not suffer from feelings of isolation in the same way.
Crew members with a military pilot background and those with an academic science background or teachers and politicians may have problems understanding each other's jargon and worldview.
Article: Egypt
Section: Festivals

Question: What are religiouos carnivals called in Egypt?

Egypt celebrates many festivals and religious carnivals, also known as "mulid".
They are usually associated with a particular Coptic or Sufi saint, but are often celebrated by Egyptians irrespective of creed or religion.
Ramadan has a special flavor in Egypt, celebrated with sounds, lights (local lanterns known as "fawanees") and much flare that many Muslim tourists from the region flock to Egypt to witness during Ramadan.
The ancient spring festival of Sham en Nisim (Coptic: "shom en nisim") has been celebrated by Egyptians for thousands of years, typically between the Egyptian months of Paremoude (April) and Pashons (May), following Easter Sunday.
Article: Mona Lisa
Section: Title and subject

Question: How is the title spelled in modern Italian?

The title of the painting that is known in English as Mona Lisa stems from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote ""Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife"."
"Mona" in Italian is a polite form of address originating as "ma donna" —similar to "Ma’am", "Madam", or "my lady" in English.
This became "madonna", and its contraction "mona".
The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled "Mona" (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as "Monna Lisa", but this is rare in English.
Vasari's account of the "Mona Lisa" comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death, and which has long been the best known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter.
Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1525, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named "la Gioconda", a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo.
That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero.
The note is dated October 1503 and was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci.
This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo.
The sitter, Lisa del Giocondo,was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo.
The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea.
The Italian name for the painting, "La Gioconda", means "jocund" ("happy" or "jovial"), or literally "the jocund one", a pun on the feminine form of the sitter's married name "Giocondo".
In French, the title "La Joconde" has the same meaning.
Over the years there have been several alternative views among scholars as to the subject of the painting.
Some have argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the "Mona Lisa" referred to by Vasari.
Several other individuals have been proposed as the subject of the painting.
Isabella of Aragon, Cecilia Gallerani, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla, Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, —even Salaì and Leonardo himself— are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting.
Currently, the consensus of art historians is that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo, which has always been the traditional view.
Article: World War II
Section: Axis advance stalls (1942–43)

Question: When did the U.S. secure Britain's cooperation in limiting Allied activities in the Mediterranean?

Axis advance stalls (1942–43).
In January, the United States, Britain, Soviet Union, China, and 22 smaller or exiled governments issued the Declaration by United Nations, thereby affirming the Atlantic Charter, and agreeing to not to sign separate peace with the Axis powers.
During 1942 Allied officials debated on the appropriate grand strategy to pursue.
All agreed that defeating Germany was the primary objective.
The Americans favoured a straightforward, large-scale attack on Germany through France.
The Soviets were also demanding a second front.
The British, on the other hand, argued that military operations should target peripheral areas in order to throw a "ring" around Germany which would wear out German strength, lead to increasing demoralisation, and bolster resistance forces.
Germany itself would be subject to a heavy bombing campaign.
An offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour without using large-scale armies.
Eventually, the British persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa.
At the Casablanca Conference in early 1943 the Allies issued a declaration declaring that they would not negotiate with their enemies and demanded their unconditional surrender.
The British and Americans agreed to continue to press the initiative in the Mediterranean by invading Sicily to fully secure the Mediterranean supply routes.
Although the British argued for further operations in the Balkans to bring Turkey into the war, in May 1943 the Americans extracted a British commitment to limit Allied operations in the Mediterranean to an invasion of the Italian mainland and to invade France in 1944.
Article: England
Section: Visual arts

Question: Which artist created "Benefits Supervisor Sleeping'?

The earliest known examples are the prehistoric rock and cave art pieces, most prominent in North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Cumbria, but also feature further south, for example at Creswell Crags.
With the arrival of Roman culture in the 1st century, various forms of art utilising statues, busts, glasswork and mosaics were the norm.
There are numerous surviving artefacts, such as those at Lullingstone and Aldborough.
During the Early Middle Ages the style favoured sculpted crosses and ivories, manuscript painting, gold and enamel jewellery, demonstrating a love of intricate, interwoven designs such as in the Staffordshire Hoard discovered in 2009.
Some of these blended Gaelic and Anglian styles, such as the Lindisfarne Gospels and Vespasian Psalter.
Later Gothic art was popular at Winchester and Canterbury, examples survive such as Benedictional of St. Æthelwold and Luttrell Psalter.
The Tudor era saw prominent artists as part of their court, portrait painting which would remain an enduring part of English art, was boosted by German Hans Holbein, natives such as Nicholas Hilliard built on this.
Under the Stuarts, Continental artists were influential especially the Flemish, examples from the period include—Anthony van Dyck, Peter Lely, Godfrey Kneller and William Dobson.
The 18th century was a time of significance with the founding of the Royal Academy, a classicism based on the High Renaissance prevailed—Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds became two of England's most treasured artists.
The Norwich School continued the landscape tradition, while the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood with their vivid and detailed style revived the Early Renaissance style—Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais were leaders.
Prominent amongst 20th-century artists was Henry Moore, regarded as the voice of British sculpture, and of British modernism in general.
Contemporary painters include Lucian Freud, whose work "Benefits Supervisor Sleeping" in 2008 set a world record for sale value of a painting by a living artist.
Article: One More Night (Maroon 5 song)
Section: Composition and lyrics

Question: Who produced the Maroon 5 song "One More Night"?

"One More Night" was written by Adam Levine, Shellback, Max Martin, and Savan Kotecha, while production was handled by Martin and Shellback.
It is a pop song, with a reggae beat infused into the percussion, giving the song a more dancey feel.
The song is in the key of F minor and in 4/4 time.
Lyrically, the song is built upon the idea of the quintessential push and pull between what the heart, mind and body want, which are usually opposing things.
It starts with Adam Levine's "Ooh-ooh-ooh-ooh", underlined by a reggae beat.
"You and I go hard at each other like we're goin' to war", Levine sings and then tempers that statement by saying, "Try to tell you ‘no but my body keeps on telling you ‘yes’", lamenting over not being able to resist the atrractive charms of an addictive person.
The chorus finds Levine bewitched by someone he knows he shouldn’t be with: "So I cross my heart and I hope to die / That I’ll only stay with you one more night / And I know I said it a million times / But I’ll only stay with you one more night.
"Regarding the song's theme, Amy Sciaretto of "PopCrush" defined the track: "The song is erected on a thumped out beat, in addition to Levine’s signature falsetto, where he tosses off lyrics about not getting along with (or being able to untangle himself from) his lady love.
Levine is hoping he only stays with her just 'one more night'."
Article: Some Nights
Section: Composition

Question: Which single did Jeff Bhasker refer to when eh stated that it "had a Queen/Freddie Mercury vibe to it"?

The album and the band's music has received several comparisons to Queen.
"Rolling Stones"'s Jody Rosen, called the album a mix of "close harmony chorales, showy key changes, a dash of Queen here, a dollop of Les Miz there".
In an interview with "Fuse", producer Jeff Bhasker also stated that the album's lead single "We Are Young" "had a Queen/Freddie Mercury vibe to it".
Marcus Glimer of "The A.V.
Club" wrote that the album featured "more synthetic elements and drum machines" than their debut album "Aim and Ignite" and compared the beat to "All Alone" to a hip-hop track.
NPR columnist Daoud Tyler-Ameen commented that the album might be the start of a new phase of music, in which musicians would infuse the "sounds and rhythms once associated with hip-hop" with their pop music.
The album's lyrics have been called "plaintive", for dealing with themes of loneliness, self-worth, introspection, paranoia and existentialism, contrasting with the album's "anthemic" music.
Tyler-Ameen considered the album "remarkable for its sheer optimism", despite the sad and mournful lyrics, Rosen wrote that "Ruess' knack for the anthemic is matched by Gen-Y humor – emo self-deprecation that leavens the bombast".
while Marcus Gilmer praised Ruess' "prose-style lyrics", similar to his work in his previous band, The Format.
Ruess later commented on the importance of lyrics to him, saying that he took "great pride", after he finished writing them.
He also considered most lyrics written by current musicians to be "dumbed down", partially causing "rock music's current woes".
Article: Marathon
Section: Wheelchair division

Question: What was the number of wheel chaired athletes competing in 1986?

Many marathons feature a wheelchair division.
Typically, those in the wheelchair racing division start their races earlier than their running counterparts.
The first wheelchair marathon was in 1974 in Toledo, Ohio, won by Bob Hall in 2:54.
Hall competed in the 1975 Boston Marathon and finished in 2:58, inaugurating the introduction of wheelchair divisions into the Boston Marathon.
From 1977 the race was declared the US National Wheelchair championship.
The Boston Marathon awards $10,000 to the winning push-rim athlete.
Ernst van Dyk has won the Boston Marathon wheelchair division nine times and holds the world record at 1:18:27, set in Boston in 2004.
Jean Driscoll won eight times (seven consecutively) and holds the women's world record at 1:34:22.
The New York City Marathon banned wheelchair entrants in 1977, citing safety concerns, but then voluntarily allowed Bob Hall to compete after the state Division of Human Rights ordered the marathon to show cause.
The Division ruled in 1979 that the New York City Marathon and New York Road Runners club had to allow wheelchair athletes to compete, and confirmed this at appeal in 1980, but the State Supreme Court ruled in 1981 that a ban on wheelchair racers was not discriminatory as the marathon was historically a foot race.
However, by 1986 14 wheelchair athletes were competing, and an official wheelchair division was added to the marathon in 2000.
Article: Medicine
Section: Criticism of modern medicine

Question: What is a major problem for modern medicine?

According to Paul Farmer, the main problem for modern medicine is lack of access in poor regions.
There is an "outcome gap" between the rich and poor that is most noticeable with expensive-to-treat diseases like AIDS and tuberculosis.
The majority of medical resources and therapies are concentrated in the rich, low-incidence regions such as the West.
On the other hand, countries in the developing world have high rates of HIV but lack the necessary resources to treat them.
Medical errors and overmedication and other forms of iatrogenesis (harms caused by medical treatment) are also the focus of complaints and negative coverage.
Practitioners of human factors engineering believe that there is much that medicine may usefully gain by emulating concepts in aviation safety, where it is recognized that it is dangerous to place too much responsibility on one "superhuman" individual and expect him or her not to make errors.
Reporting systems and checking mechanisms are becoming more common in identifying sources of error and improving practice.
Clinical versus statistical, algorithmic diagnostic methods were famously examined in psychiatric practice in a 1954 book by Paul E. Meehl, which found statistical methods superior.
A 2000 meta-analysis comparing these methods in both psychology and medicine found that statistical or "mechanical" diagnostic methods were, in general, although not always, superior.
Disparities in quality of care given among local demographics are often an additional cause of controversy.
For example, elderly mentally ill patients received poorer care during hospitalization in a 2008 study.
Rural poor African-American men were used in an infamous study of syphilis that denied them basic medical care.
Article: South Park
Section: Recognitions and awards

Question: When did people vote for South Park as the 3rd greatest cartoon ever?

In 2004, Channel 4 voted "South Park" the third-greatest cartoon of all time.
In 2007, "Time" magazine included the show on its list of the "100 Best TV Shows of All Time", proclaiming it as "America's best source of rapid-fire satire for past decade".
The same year, "Rolling Stone" declared it to be the funniest show on television since its debut 10 years prior.
In 2008, "South Park" was named the 12th-greatest TV show of the past 25 years by "Entertainment Weekly", while AOL declared it as having the "most astute" characters of any show in history when naming it the 16th-best television comedy series of all time.
In 2011, "South Park" was voted number one in the "25 Greatest Animated TV Series" poll by "Entertainment Weekly".
The character of Cartman ranked 10th on TV Guide's 2002 list of the "Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters", 198th on VH1's "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons", 19th on Bravo's "100 Greatest TV Characters" television special in 2004, and second on MSNBC's 2005 list of TV's scariest characters behind Mr. Burns from "The Simpsons".
In 2006, Comedy Central received a Peabody Award for "South Park"'s "stringent social commentary" and "undeniably fearless lampooning of all that is self-important and hypocritical in American life".
In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked "South Park" at number 63 among the "101 Best-Written Shows Ever".
Also in 2013, TV Guide listed the show at number 10 among the "60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time".
"South Park" won the CableACE Award for Best Animated Series in 1997, the last year the awards were given out.
In 1998, "South Park" was nominated for the Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program.
It was also nominated for the 1998 GLAAD Award for Outstanding TV – Individual Episode for "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride".
"South Park" has been nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ten times (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2013).
The show has won the award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) four times, for the 2005 episode "Best Friends Forever", the 2006 episode "Make Love, Not Warcraft", the 2009 episode "Margaritaville", and the 2012 episode "Raising the Bar".
The Imaginationland trilogy of episodes won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour Or More) in 2008.
Article: Glad You Came
Section: Chart performance

Question: How many first week copies did "glad you came" debute with?

"Glad You Came" debuted at number one in Ireland, making it the band's first number-one single in the country.
The song was at number one for five weeks.
In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number one with first-week sales of over 117,000 copies, becoming the band's second number-one single in the UK.
As of May 2012, it is their biggest-selling single to date with 540,126 copies sold in the UK.
In Australia the song was certified Gold for shipping 35,000 copies.
In the United States, the song became their first to chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking at number three for four non-consecutive weeks after it was covered on the television series "Glee", and becoming the highest American chart entry by a British boy band, surpassing Take That who peaked at number seven with "Back for Good" in November 1995.
As of May 2013, the song has sold 3,600,000 copies in the United States.
The song was the best-selling song by a boy band in digital history before One Direction's "What Makes You Beautiful" overtook its sales in July 2012.