community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Symbolism

Question: Where did Dali get his idea to have clocks melting?

Dalí employed extensive symbolism in his work.
For instance, the hallmark "melting watches" that first appear in "The Persistence of Memory" suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.
The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dalí when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.
The elephant is also a recurring image in Dalí's works.
It first appeared in his 1944 work "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening".
The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed "with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire" along with obelisks on their backs.
Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality.
"The elephant is a distortion in space", one analysis explains, "its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure."
"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly."
—Salvador Dalí, in Dawn Ades, "Dalí and Surrealism".
The egg is another common Dalíesque image.
He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in "The Great Masturbator" and "The Metamorphosis of Narcissus".
"The Metamorphosis of Narcissus" also symbolized death and petrification.
Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death, decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (he saw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud); and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear.
Article: Space Race
Section: World War II

Question: Who was the head of the German Army's Ballistics and Munitions Branch during the Space Race of World War II?

World War II.
The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles.
Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets, with the goal that one day they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and traversing long distances.
The head of the German Army's Ballistics and Munitions Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, gathered a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen, to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons.
Wernher von Braun, a young engineering prodigy, was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret army program at Kummersdorf-West in 1932.
Von Braun had dreams about conquering outer space with rockets, and did not initially see the military value in missile technology.
During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program.
They would lead the team that built the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, which became the first vehicle to reach outer space during its test flight program in 1942 and 1943.
By 1943, Germany began mass-producing the A-4 as the Vergeltungswaffe 2 ("Vengeance Weapon" 2, or more commonly, V2), a ballistic missile with a range carrying a warhead at .
Its supersonic speed meant there was no defense against it, and radar detection provided little warning.
Germany used the weapon to bombard southern England and parts of Allied-liberated western Europe from 1944 until 1945.
After the war, the V-2 became the basis of early American and Soviet rocket designs.
At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based.
Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefited the most with Operation Paperclip, recruiting von Braun and most of his engineering team, who later helped develop the American missile and space exploration programs.
The United States also acquired a large number of complete V2 rockets.
Article: Greece
Section: Religion

Question: In what area did a large population of Sephardi Jews used to live?

The Greek Constitution recognizes the Orthodox Christian faith as the "prevailing" faith of the country, while guaranteeing freedom of religious belief for all.
The Greek government does not keep statistics on religious groups and censuses do not ask for religious affiliation.
According to the U.S. State Department, an estimated 97% of Greek citizens identify themselves as Orthodox Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church.
In a Eurostat – Eurobarometer 2010 poll, 79% of Greek citizens responded that they "believe there is a God".
According to other sources, 15.8% of Greeks describe themselves as "very religious", which is the highest among all European countries.
The survey also found that just 3.5% never attend a church, compared to 4.9% in Poland and 59.1% in the Czech Republic.
Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (between 0.9% and 1.2%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000.
Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim religion, although most are secular in orientation.
Following the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, Greece and Turkey agreed to a population transfer based on cultural and religious identity.
About 500,000 Muslims from Greece, predominantly Turks, but also other Muslims, were exchanged with approximately 1,500,000 Greeks from Asia Minor (now Turkey).
Judaism has existed in Greece for more than 2,000 years.
Sephardi Jews used to have a large presence in the city of Thessaloniki (by 1900, some 80,000, or more than half of the population, were Jews), but nowadays the Greek-Jewish community who survived German occupation and the Holocaust, during World War II, is estimated to number around 5,500 people.
Greek citizens who are Roman Catholic are estimated to be at around 50,000 with the Roman Catholic immigrant community in the country approximately 200,000.
Old Calendarists account for 500,000 followers.
Protestants, including Greek Evangelical Church and Free Evangelical Churches, stand at about 30,000.
Assemblies of God, International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and other Pentecostal churches of the Greek Synod of Apostolic Church have 12,000 members.
Independent Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost is the biggest Protestant denomination in Greece with 120 churches.
There are not official statistics about Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost, but the Orthodox Church estimates the followers as 20,000.
The Jehovah's Witnesses report having 28,859 active members.
Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism has also been reportedly practiced by thousands of Greeks.
Article: Moonrise Kingdom
Section: Cast

Question: Who started as Walt Bishop in the movie Moonrise Kingdom?

Jared Gilman as Sam Shakusky
Kara Hayward as Suzy Bishop
Bruce Willis as Captain Duffy Sharp
Edward Norton as Scout Master Randy Ward
Bill Murray as Walt Bishop
Frances McDormand as Laura Bishop
Tilda Swinton as Social Services
Jason Schwartzman as Cousin Ben
Bob Balaban as Narrator
Harvey Keitel as Commander Pierce
Rob Campbell as Deluca
Larry Pine as Mr. Billingsley
Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick as Roosevelt
Chandler Frantz as Gadge
Charlie Kilgore as Lazy-Eye
Andreas Sheikh as Panagle
L.J.
Foley as Izod
Article: Manhattan Project
Section: Plutonium

Question: What did the second line of development use?

The second line of development pursued by the Manhattan Project used the fissile element plutonium.
Although small amounts of plutonium exist in nature, the best way to obtain large quantities of the element is in a nuclear reactor, in which natural uranium is bombarded by neutrons.
The uranium-238 is transmuted into uranium-239, which rapidly decays, first into neptunium-239 and then into plutonium-239.
Only a small amount of the uranium-238 will be transformed, so the plutonium must be chemically separated from the remaining uranium, from any initial impurities, and from fission products.
Article: Suburgatory
Section: International broadcasts

Question: What network did the series "Suburgatory" first air on?

The series has been picked up in Canada by City, where it is simulcast with the ABC broadcasts.
In Latin America the series premiered on October 31, 2011 on Warner Channel.
The show premiered on January 3 in Sweden on Chanel 5.
In the Republic of Ireland the show began broadcasting on RTÉ Two from March 21, 2012 airing Wednesdays at 19:00.
In Spain, it premiered on Cosmopolitan TV on January 13, 2012.
The series began airing on the Nine Network's GO!
Channel in Australia from February 5, 2012 until it was taken off air in 2012/2013 after poor ratings losing to 7TWO, The Comedy Channel from Foxtel now airs the sitcom.
It premiered in Serbia on Serbian HBO Comedy on February 27, 2012, the Serbian name of the show is "Čistilište u predgrađu".
It also premiered in Poland on Polish HBO Comedy, on February 27, 2012, as "Podmiejski czyściec" ("Suburban Purgatory").
The show began airing in New Zealand on TV2 on February 14, 2012.
In the United Kingdom, "Suburgatory" started airing on Channel 4's digital channel E4 from July 17, 2012.
For Germany, ProSiebenSat.1 has picked up the series and will start airing it on Wednesday nights beginning on August 29.
It is also shown in Denmark on TV2 Zulu.
In Portugal, it was aired Monday to Friday, at 18:30, from November 22, 2012 until December 21, 2012 on RTP2.
In Brazil, the show premiered on January 3, 2013 at 3:30 AM in the SBT.
In Greece the show premiered on July 15, 2013 on Star Channel airing Monday to Friday at 2:30 PM, airing the first 2 Seasons.
In India, the show started airing on Star World from January 16, 2014.
Article: Fruitvale Station
Section: Promotion

Question: List and describe the murals made for the film Fruitvale Station if any were used.

The Weinstein Company commissioned three murals to be painted in Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco by well-known street artists Ron English, Lydia Emily and LNY, in anticipation of the film.
Some people questioned having a poster for the film in Fruitvale Station, but a BART spokeswoman said about this decision: "there was no debate whether to allow "Fruitvale Station" on BART.
None whatsoever.
We really support Ryan.
He's just an amazing person...
I think that Ryan had said it was his intention to show his love for Oakland and the people of Oakland, and he really succeeded.
"Promotional material used on the film's Facebook page and website referred to the controversial shooting of Trayvon Martin in Florida, which was in the news at the same time as the film's release.
This drew some criticism, with publicist Angie Meyer stating, "It's absolutely inappropriate and morally wrong to use a high profile case to create publicity and buzz around a movie release.
"As part of its film promotion, the Weinstein Co. set up the "I am __" campaign to encourage people to share stories of overcoming acts of social injustice or mistreatment, and to upload photos or other artworks related to those experiences.
Article: Fruitvale Station
Section: Abstract

Question: When was "Fruitvale Sation" released?

Fruitvale Station is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Ryan Coogler.
It is Coogler's first feature-length film and is based on the events leading to the death of Oscar Grant, a young man who was killed by BART police officer Johannes Mehserle at the Fruitvale Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Station in Oakland, California.
The film stars Michael B. Jordan as Oscar Grant.
Forest Whitaker is one of the film's producers.
Kevin Durand and Chad Michael Murray play the two BART police officers involved in Grant's death.
The names of the officers were changed for the film.
"Fruitvale Station" debuted at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury Prize and the Audience Award for U.S. dramatic film.
It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival where it won the award for Best First Film.
The film was released in theaters July 12, 2013.
It received critical acclaim upon its release and earned other awards.
Article: The Bachelor (U.S. TV series)
Section: Setting

Question: As of October 10,2008 what was the price of home?

For the first two weeks of filming the contestants stay in "Villa De La Vina," a , six-bedroom, nine-bath home in Agoura Hills, California.
The custom home, built in 2005, is located on 10 acres at 2351 Kanan Road.
As of October 10, 2008, the home was listed for sale at a price of US$8.75 million.
For the third and remaining episodes are the contestants have filmed around the world.
Episodes have been filmed throughout the United States, Canada, England, New Zealand, Vietnam, Korea to name just a few.
The Agoura Hills, California mansion was not used during a few seasons including season 7 that was filmed New York City, where Charlie O'Connell, who had appeared in "Sliders" with his brother Jerry O'Connell, lived, Paris, France for season 8; Rome, Italy for season 9, where Lorenzo Borghese lived who is half-Italian.
Article: Karate
Section: Kata

Question: What is Kata?

Kata (型:かた) means literally "shape" or "model."
Kata is a formalized sequence of movements which represent various offensive and defensive postures.
These postures are based on idealized combat applications.
The applications applied in a demonstration with real opponents is referred to as a Bunkai.
The Bunkai shows how every stance and movement is used.
Bunkai is a useful tool to understand a kata.
To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required kata for that level.
The Japanese terminology for grades or ranks is commonly used.
Requirements for examinations vary among schools.
Article: World War I
Section: Serbian campaign

Question: When did Austria invade Serbia in World War I?

Austria invaded and fought the Serbian army at the Battle of Cer and Battle of Kolubara beginning on 12 August.
Over the next two weeks, Austrian attacks were thrown back with heavy losses, which marked the first major Allied victories of the war and dashed Austro-Hungarian hopes of a swift victory.
As a result, Austria had to keep sizable forces on the Serbian front, weakening its efforts against Russia.
Serbia's defeat of the Austro-Hungarian invasion of 1914 counts among the major upset victories of the last century.
This campaign had the youngest known soldier of World War I. Momčilo Gavrić, born in Trbušnica, joined the 6th Artillery Division of the Serbian Army when he was 8 years old, after Austro-Hungarian troops killed his parents, grandmother, and seven of his siblings in August 1914.
At the age of 10 he was promoted to Corporal, and at the age of 11 he became a Lance Sergeant.
Article: Bacteria
Section: Bacteriophages

Question: How can bacteriophages be characterized?

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.
Many types of bacteriophage exist, some simply infect and lyse their host bacteria, while others insert into the bacterial chromosome.
A bacteriophage can contain genes that contribute to its host's phenotype: for example, in the evolution of and "Clostridium botulinum", the toxin genes in an integrated phage converted a harmless ancestral bacterium into a lethal pathogen.
Bacteria resist phage infection through restriction modification systems that degrade foreign DNA, and a system that uses CRISPR sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that the bacteria have come into contact with in the past, which allows them to block virus replication through a form of RNA interference.
This CRISPR system provides bacteria with acquired immunity to infection.
Article: Gossip Girl
Section: Product placement

Question: In what year were VitaminWater executives approached for a placement deal?

"Gossip Girl" is known for its product placement.
The show had a contract with Verizon Wireless for its first five seasons; all the characters were seen with phones chosen by the brand until the deal ended by the sixth season.
During their contract, Verizon Wireless offered exclusive "Gossip Girl" content and created a website where ringtones of the songs featured on the show could be downloaded.
In the summer of 2008, executives of VitaminWater approached The CW for a placement deal.
During the second season, the drinks were mentioned several times in dialogues.
The partnership helped pay the costs of shooting on location in the Hamptons.
An HP TouchPad was prominently displayed in an episode of the sixth season.
According to OneNewsNow.com, other sponsors have included Procter & Gamble, L'Oreal, Target and Johnson & Johnson, which allowed the series to earn $28.2 million in ad dollars in 2007.
Article: Sushi
Section: Neta

Question: What is the Japanese term for yellowtail?

For culinary, sanitary, and aesthetic reasons, the minimum quality and freshness of fish to be eaten raw must be superior to that of fish which is to be cooked.
Sushi chefs are trained to recognize important attributes, including smell, color, firmness, and freedom from parasites that may go undetected in commercial inspection.
Commonly used fish are tuna ("maguro, shiro-maguro"), Japanese amberjack, yellowtail ("hamachi"), snapper ("kurodai"), mackerel ("saba"), and salmon ("sake").
The most valued sushi ingredient is "toro," the fatty cut of the fish.
This comes in a variety of "ōtoro" (often from the bluefin species of tuna) and "chūtoro", meaning "middle toro", implying that it is halfway into the fattiness between "toro" and the regular cut.
"Aburi" style refers to "nigiri" sushi where the fish is partially grilled (topside) and partially raw.
Most nigiri sushi will be completely raw.
Other seafoods such as squid ("ika"), eel ("anago" and "unagi"), pike conger ("hamo"), octopus ("tako"), shrimp ("ebi" and "amaebi"), clam ("mirugai", "aoyagi" and "akagai"), fish roe ("ikura", "masago", "kazunoko" and "tobiko"), sea urchin ("uni"), crab ("kani"), and various kinds of shellfish (abalone, prawn, scallop) are the most popular seafoods in sushi.
Oysters, however, are less common, as the taste is not thought to go well with the rice.
"Kani kama", or imitation crab stick, is commonly substituted for real crab, most notably in California rolls.
Pickled daikon radish ("takuan") in "shinko maki", pickled vegetables ("tsukemono"), fermented soybeans ("nattō") in "nattō maki", avocado, cucumber in "kappa maki", asparagus, yam, pickled ume ("umeboshi"), gourd ("kanpyō"), burdock ("gobo"), and sweet corn (possibly mixed with mayonnaise) are also used in sushi.
Tofu and eggs (in the form of slightly sweet, layered omelette called "tamagoyaki" and raw quail eggs ride as a "gunkan-maki" topping) are common.
Article: Solar System
Section: Heliopause

Question: What is the name for the location where the solar wind collides with the interstellar wind?

The heliosphere is divided into two separate regions.
The solar wind travels at roughly 400 km/s until it collides with the interstellar wind; the flow of plasma in the interstellar medium.
The collision occurs at the termination shock, which is roughly 80–100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind.
Here the wind slows dramatically, condenses, and becomes more turbulent, forming a great oval structure known as the heliosheath.
This structure is believed to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind; evidence from the Cassini and Interstellar Boundary Explorer spacecraft has suggested that it is forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field.
The outer boundary of the heliosphere, the heliopause, is the point at which the solar wind finally terminates and is the beginning of interstellar space.
Both "Voyager 1" and "Voyager 2" are reported to have passed the termination shock and entered the heliosheath, at 94 and 84 AU from the Sun, respectively.
"Voyager 1" is also reported to have reached the heliopause.
The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the fluid dynamics of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as solar magnetic fields prevailing to the south, e.g.
it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere.
Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the bow shock, a plasma "wake" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way.
Due to a lack of data, the conditions in local interstellar space are not known for certain.
It is expected that NASA's Voyager spacecraft, as they pass the heliopause, will transmit valuable data on radiation levels and solar wind back to Earth.
How well the heliosphere shields the Solar System from cosmic rays is poorly understood.
A NASA-funded team has developed a concept of a "Vision Mission" dedicated to sending a probe to the heliosphere.
Article: England
Section: Major conurbations

Question: which cities urban area is largest in england?

The Greater London Urban Area is by far the largest urban area in England and one of the busiest cities in the world.
It is considered a global city and has a population larger than other countries in the United Kingdom besides England itself.
Other urban areas of considerable size and influence tend to be in northern England or the English Midlands.
There are fifty settlements which have been designated city status in England, while the wider United Kingdom has sixty-six.
While many cities in England are quite large in size, such as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Bradford, Nottingham and others, a large population is not necessarily a prerequisite for a settlement to be afforded city status.
Traditionally the status was afforded to towns with diocesan cathedrals and so there are smaller cities like Wells, Ely, Ripon, Truro and Chichester.
According to the Office for National Statistics the ten largest, continuous built-up urban areas are: