community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Cycling
Section: Utility

Question: Where is the huge Mercedes-Benz factory, in Germany?

Utility cycling refers both to cycling as a mode of daily commuting transport as well as the use of a bicycle in a commercial activity, mainly to transport goods, mostly accomplished in an urban environment.
The postal services of many countries have long relied on bicycles.
The British Royal Mail first started using bicycles in 1880; now bicycle delivery fleets include 37,000 in the UK, 25,700 in Germany, 10,500 in Hungary and 7000 in Sweden.
The London Ambulance Service has recently introduced bicycling paramedics, who can often get to the scene of an incident in Central London more quickly than a motorized ambulance.
Late in the 20th century, urban police bicycles became more common, as the mobility of car-borne officers was increasingly limited by traffic congestion and pedestrianisation.
Bicycles enjoy substantial use as general delivery vehicles in many countries.
In the UK and North America, as their first jobs, generations of teenagers have worked at delivering newspapers by bicycle.
London has many delivery companies that use bicycles with trailers.
Most cities in the West, and many outside it, support a sizeable and visible industry of cycle couriers who deliver documents and small packages.
In India, many of Mumbai's Dabbawalas use bicycles to deliver home cooked lunches to the city’s workers.
In Bogotá, Colombia the city’s largest bakery recently replaced most of its delivery trucks with bicycles.
Even the car industry uses bicycles.
At the huge Mercedes-Benz factory in Sindelfingen, Germany workers use bicycles, color-coded by department, to move around the factory.
Article: Falling Skies
Section: Recurring cast

Question: What actor played Jamil Dexter in Falling Skies?

 Dale Dye as Colonel/General Jim Porter (season 1–3)
 Megan Danso as Deni (season 3 onwards)
 Bruce Gray as Uncle Scott (season 1)
 Martin Roach as Mike Thompson (season 1)
 Lynne Deragon as Kate Gordon (season 1)
 Melissa Kramer as Sarah (season 1)
 Steven Weber as Dr. Michael Harris (season 1)
 Dylan Authors as Jimmy Boland (seasons 1–2)
 Daniyah Ysrail as Rick Thompson (seasons 1-2)
 Ryan Robbins as Tector Murphy, one of the Berserkers (season 2 onwards)
 Luciana Carro as Crazy Lee, one of the Berserkers (seasons 2–3)
 Brad Kelly as Lyle, one of the Berserkers (season 2 onwards)
 Billy Wickman as Boon, one of the Berserkers (season 2)
 Terry O'Quinn as Arthur Manchester (season 2–3)
 Matt Frewer as General Bressler (seasons 2–3)
 Laci J Mailey as Jeanne Weaver (season 2 onwards)
 Brandon Jay McLaren as Jamil Dexter (season 2)
 Gloria Reuben as Marina Peralta (season 3 onwards)
 Robert Sean Leonard as Dr. Roger Kadar (season 3 onwards)
Article: This Is Not a Film
Section: Abstract

Question: Where is "This is not a film" from?

This Is Not a Film () is an Iranian documentary film by Jafar Panahi and Mojtaba Mirtahmasb.
It was released on 28 September 2011 in France, distributed by Kanibal Films Distribution.
The film was smuggled from Iran to Cannes in a flash drive hidden inside a birthday cake.
It was specially screened at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and later at the New York Film Festival, and others.
It also took part in the International Competition of the 27th Warsaw International Film Festival.
Article: Vegetable
Section: Color pigments

Question: What happens with the pH is neutral?

The green color of leaf vegetables is due to the presence of the green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is affected by the pH, and it changes to olive green in acid conditions, and to bright green in alkaline conditions.
Some of the acids are released in steam during cooking, particularly if cooked without a cover.
The yellow/orange colors of fruits and vegetables are due to the presence of carotenoids, which are also affected by normal cooking processes or changes in pH.
The red/blue coloring of some fruits and vegetables (e.g., blackberries and red cabbage) are due to anthocyanins, which are sensitive to changes in pH.
When the pH is neutral, the pigments are purple, when acidic, red, and when alkaline, blue.
These pigments are quite water-soluble.
This property can be used in rudimentary testing of pH.
Article: The Terminator
Section: Reception

Question: What was the rating of the second half of the album?

Online music database AllMusic praised the score of the film, referring to it as "underrated highlight" of "The Terminator" and referred to it as a "marvelous synthesizer score".
The review stated that the second half of the album featuring the pop songs was "generic".
The review praised the "Definitive Edition" version of the album which featured the entire film score, opining that it "comprises some of the best science fiction-oriented film music of recent decades."
Article: Aurora
Section: Auroral mechanism

Question: How are the auroras made?

l mechanism.
Auroras are associated with the solar wind, a flow of ions continuously flowing outward from the Sun.
The Earth's magnetic field traps these particles, many of which travel toward the poles where they are accelerated toward Earth.
Collisions between these ions and atmospheric atoms and molecules cause energy releases in the form of auroras appearing in large circles around the poles.
Auroras are more frequent and brighter during the intense phase of the solar cycle when coronal mass ejections increase the intensity of the solar wind.
Auroras result from emissions of photons in the Earth's upper atmosphere, above , from ionized nitrogen molecules regaining an electron, and oxygen atoms and nitrogen molecules returning from an excited state to ground state.
They are ionized or excited by the collision of solar wind and magnetospheric particles being funneled down and accelerated along the Earth's magnetic field lines; excitation energy is lost by the emission of a photon, or by collision with another atom or molecule:
oxygen emissions: green or brownish-red, depending on the amount of energy absorbed.
nitrogen emissions: blue or red; blue if the atom regains an electron after it has been ionized, red if returning to ground state from an excited state.
Oxygen is unusual in terms of its return to ground state: it can take three quarters of a second to emit green light and up to two minutes to emit red.
Collisions with other atoms or molecules absorb the excitation energy and prevent emission.
Because the very top of the atmosphere has a higher percentage of oxygen and is sparsely distributed such collisions are rare enough to allow time for oxygen to emit red.
Collisions become more frequent progressing down into the atmosphere, so that red emissions do not have time to happen, and eventually even green light emissions are prevented.
This is why there is a color differential with altitude; at high altitude oxygen red dominates, then oxygen green and nitrogen blue/red, then finally nitrogen blue/red when collisions prevent oxygen from emitting anything.
Green is the most common of all auroras.
Behind it is pink, a mixture of light green and red, followed by pure red, yellow (a mixture of red and green), and finally, pure blue.
Article: Ketchup
Section: Later innovations

Question: How is ketchup often dispenses in fast food outlets?

In fast food outlets, ketchup is often dispensed in small packets.
Diners tear the side or top and squeeze the ketchup out of the ketchup packets.
In 2011, Heinz began offering a new measured-portion package, called the "Dip and Squeeze" packet, which allowed the consumer to either tear the top off the package and squeeze the contents out, as with the traditional packet, or, in the alternative, tear the "front" off the package and use the package as a dip cup of the type often supplied with certain entreés.
Previously fast food outlets dispensed ketchup from pumps into paper cups.
This method has made a resurgence in the first decade of the 21st century with cost and environmental concerns increasing of individual packets.
In October 2000, Heinz introduced colored ketchup products called EZ Squirt, which eventually included green, purple, pink, orange, teal, and blue.
These products were made by adding food coloring to the traditional ketchup.
these products have been discontinued.
Article: Atomic number
Section: Moseley's 1913 experiment

Question: In the lanthanide series, how many members must there be?

The experimental position improved dramatically after research by Henry Moseley in 1913.
Moseley, after discussions with Bohr who was at the same lab (and who had used Van den Broek's hypothesis in his Bohr model of the atom), decided to test Van den Broek's and Bohr's hypothesis directly, by seeing if spectral lines emitted from excited atoms fitted the Bohr theory's postulation that the frequency of the spectral lines be proportional to the square of "Z".
To do this, Moseley measured the wavelengths of the innermost photon transitions (K and L lines) produced by the elements from aluminum ("Z" = 13) to gold ("Z" = 79) used as a series of movable anodic targets inside an x-ray tube.
The square root of the frequency of these photons (x-rays) increased from one target to the next in an arithmetic progression.
This led to the conclusion (Moseley's law) that the atomic number does closely correspond (with an offset of one unit for K-lines, in Moseley's work) to the calculated electric charge of the nucleus, i.e.
the element number "Z".
Among other things, Moseley demonstrated that the lanthanide series (from lanthanum to lutetium inclusive) must have 15 members—no fewer and no more—which was far from obvious from the chemistry at that time.
Article: Shrek
Section: Development

Question: Were there any fairy tale characters that were planned to be inclued in the first Shrek film, but didn't make the cut?

At the time DreamWorks was founded, producer John H. Williams got hold of the book from his children, and when he brought it to DreamWorks, it caught Jeffrey Katzenberg's attention and the studio decided to make it into a movie.
Recounting the inspiration of making the film, Williams said: After buying the rights to the film, Katzenberg quickly put the film in active development in November 1995.
Steven Spielberg had thought about making a traditionally animated film of the book before, when he bought the rights to the book in 1991, before the founding of DreamWorks, where Bill Murray would play Shrek and Steve Martin would play Donkey.
In the beginning of production, co-director Andrew Adamson refused to be intimidated by Katzenberg, and had an argument with him how much should the film appeal to adults.
Katzenberg wanted both audiences, but he found some of Adamson's ideas about adding sexual jokes and Guns N' Roses music to the soundtrack a bit too outrageous.
Andrew Adamson and Kelly Asbury joined in 1997 to co-direct the film.
However, Asbury left a year later for work on the 2002 film "", and was replaced with story artist Vicky Jenson.
Both Adamson and Jenson decided to work on the film in half, so the crew could at least know who to go to with specific detail questions about the film's sequences; "We both ended up doing a lot of everything", Adamson said.
"We're both kinda control freaks, and we both wanted to do everything.
"Some early sketches of Shrek's house were done in 1996 through 1997 using Photoshop, with the sketches showing Shrek first living in a garbage dump near a human village called Wart Creek.
It was also thought one time that he lived with his parents and kept rotting fish in his bedroom.
Donkey was modeled after "Pericles" (born 1994; also known as "Perry"), a real miniature donkey from Barron Park, Palo Alto, California.
Raman Hui, supervising animator of "Shrek", stated that Fiona "wasn't based on any real person."
and he did many different sketches for Princess Fiona and had done over 100 sculptures of Fiona before the directors picked the final design.
In early development, the Art Directors visited Hearst Castle, Stratford upon Avon and Dordogne for inspiration.
Art Director Douglas Rogers visited a magnolia plantation in Charleston, South Carolina for inspiration for Shrek's swamp.
Planned characters not used in the film include Goldilocks and Sleeping Beauty.
Article: Portrait of Dr. Gachet
Section: Etching

Question: Who take Van Gogh to etching?

Van Gogh, introduced to etching by Gachet, made the etching "Portrait of Doctor Gachet" in 1890.
Gachet and Van Gogh discussed creating a series of southern France themes but that never happened.
This was the one and only etching, also known as "L'homme à la pipe" (Man with a pipe), that Van Gogh ever made.
Van Gogh's brother, Theo, who received an impression of the etching, called it "a true painter's etching.
No refinement in the execution, but a drawing on metal."
It is a different pose than that in Van Gogh's "Portrait of Dr. Gachet", owned by Musée d'Orsay.
The National Gallery of Canada finds that "The undulating flow of the line is typical of the expressive quality of Van Gogh's late style."
The impression owned by the National Gallery is from one of the 60 printings following Van Gogh's death by Dr. Gachet's son, Paul Gachet Jr. Gachet's collector's stamp appears on the bottom edge of the print.
Article: Mongolia
Section: Architecture

Question: Batu-Tsagaan was designed by who?

The traditional Mongolian dwelling is known as a "ger".
In the past it was known by the Russian term "yurt", but this is changing as the Mongolian term becomes better known among English-speaking countries.
According to Mongolian artist and art critic N. Chultem, the "ger" was the basis for development of traditional Mongolian architecture.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, lamaseries were built throughout the country.
Many of them started as "ger"-temples.
When they needed to be enlarged to accommodate the growing number of worshippers, the Mongolian architects used structures with 6 and 12 angles with pyramidal roofs to approximate to the round shape of a "ger".
Further enlargement led to a quadratic shape of the temples.
The roofs were made in the shape of marquees.
The trellis walls, roof poles and layers of felt were replaced by stone, brick, beams and planks, and became permanent.
Chultem distinguished three styles in traditional Mongolian architecture: Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese as well as combinations of the three.
Among the first quadratic temples was Batu-Tsagaan (1654) designed by Zanabazar.
An example of the "ger"-style architecture is the lamasery Dashi-Choiling in Ulaanbaatar.
The temple Lavrin (18th century) in the Erdene Zuu lamasery was built in the Tibetan tradition.
An example of a temple built in the Chinese tradition is the lamasery Choijing Lamiin Sume (1904), which is a museum today.
The quadratic temple Tsogchin in lamasery Gandan in Ulaanbaatar is a combination of the Mongolian and Chinese tradition.
The temple of Maitreya (disassembled in 1938) is an example of the Tibeto-Mongolian architecture.
Dashi-Choiling monastery has commenced a project to restore the temple and the sculpture of Maitreya.
Article: Jackson Pollock
Section: From naming to numbering

Question: Why did Pollock number his paintings instead of naming them?

Continuing to evade the viewer's search for figurative elements in his paintings, Pollock abandoned titles and started numbering his works.
He said about this: "...look passively and try to receive what the painting has to offer and not bring a subject matter or preconceived idea of what they are to be looking for".
Pollock's wife, Lee Krasner, said Pollock "used to give his pictures conventional titles... but now he simply numbers them.
Numbers are neutral.
They make people look at a picture for what it is—pure painting."
Article: Henry Moore
Section: Abstract

Question: Which style of sculpture is Henry Spencer Moore best known for?

Henry Spencer Moore (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986) was an English sculptor and artist.
He was best known for his semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as public works of art.
His forms are usually abstractions of the human figure, typically depicting mother-and-child or reclining figures.
Moore's works are usually suggestive of the female body, apart from a phase in the 1950s when he sculpted family groups.
His forms are generally pierced or contain hollow spaces.
Many interpreters liken the undulating form of his reclining figures to the landscape and hills of his birthplace, Yorkshire.
Moore was born in Castleford, the son of a coal miner.
He became well-known through his carved marble and larger-scale abstract cast bronze sculptures, and was instrumental in introducing a particular form of modernism to the United Kingdom.
His ability in later life to fulfill large-scale commissions made him exceptionally wealthy.
Yet he lived frugally and most of the money he earned went towards endowing the Henry Moore Foundation, which continues to support education and promotion of the arts.
Article: Friends
Section: Awards

Question: For what season of Friends did the actors decide to submit themselves on the lead actor ballot rather than the supporting actor ballot?

To maintain the series' ensemble format, the main cast members decided to enter themselves in the same acting categories for awards.
Beginning with the series' eighth season, the actors decided to submit themselves in the lead actor balloting, rather than in the supporting actor fields.
The series was nominated for 63 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning six.
Aniston and Kudrow are the only main cast members to win an Emmy, while Cox is the only actor not to be nominated.
The series won the 2002 Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, with nominations in 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000 and 2003.
The series also won an American Comedy Award, one GLAAD Media Award, one Golden Globe Award, three Logie Awards, six People's Choice Awards, one Satellite Award, and one Screen Actors Guild Award.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Composition and lyrics

Question: Who helped Taylor Swift write We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together?

The three minute and twelve second song features electronic heavy production and a pop music vocal styling, a musical transition for Swift.
An alternate edition was recorded for country radio featuring a different instrumental arrangement.
The country arrangement replaced the guitar, drum machine, and synthesisers with a banjo, mandolin, fiddle, steel guitar and snare drums.
It was written in the key of G Major with a common time signature and a slow tempo of eighty-six beats per minute Moderate Rock beat, with Swift's vocals spanning one octave & four notes, from G3 to D5.
The track features an acoustic guitar (some of its sounds are reversed) and various synthesizers over an electronic drum beat.
The song was written by Swift, along with Max Martin and Shellback.
The lyrics discuss Swift's frustration towards a former male lover who wants to rekindle their relationship.
Article: Popcorn
Section: Consumption

Question: How does Peru normally serve popcorn?

Popcorn is commonly eaten in movie theaters.
This snack is usually served salted or sweetened.
In North America, it is traditionally served salted, often with butter or a butterlike topping, with toffee or spices.
However, sweetened versions, such as caramel corn and kettle corn, are also commonly available.
In the United Kingdom, ready-made popcorn is available either salted or simply sweetened with sugar.
Toffee (i.e.
caramel) popcorn is also available, but tends to be more expensive.
In Peru, popcorn is sometimes sweetened with small candy pellets and sweetened condensed milk, but its more often eaten with salt and the only buttered version known to any considerable degree is microwave popcorn.
In Mexico, popcorn is served with either jalapeño juice, hot sauce, cheese, butter, or salt.
Popcorn is a popular snack food at sporting events and in cinemas, where it has been served since 1914.
Popcorn as a breakfast cereal was consumed by Americans in the 1800s and generally consisted of popcorn with milk and a sweetener.
Popcorn balls (popped kernels stuck together with a sugary "glue") were hugely popular around the turn of the 20th century, but their popularity has since waned.
Popcorn balls are still served in some places as a traditional Halloween treat.
Cracker Jack is a popular, commercially produced candy that consists of peanuts mixed in with caramel-covered popcorn.
Kettle corn is a variation of normal popcorn, cooked with white sugar and salt, traditionally in a large copper kettle.
Once reserved for specialty shops and county fairs, kettle corn has recently become popular, especially in the microwave popcorn market.
The popcorn maker is a relatively new home appliance, and its popularity is increasing because it offers the opportunity to add flavours of the consumer's own choice and to choose healthy-eating popcorn styles.
Some popular brands of popcorn in the United States are Orville Redenbacher's, Act II, Jiffy Pop (all three of which are brands of the ConAgra Foods conglomerate), Pop Secret, Candy Land Gourmet, Jolly Time, Aussie Crunch, Newman's Own, Dale and Thomas and Pop Weaver.
Article: Grey's Anatomy
Section: U.S. television ratings

Question: What was the average number of viewers per episode of Grey's Anatomy during the first four seasons?

"Greys Anatomy" has received high viewership and ratings since its debut.
The first four seasons of the program each ranked in the top ten among all viewers, reaching its peak Nielsen ratings in the second season, attracting an average of 19.44 million viewers per episode, and ranking at fifth place overall.
Following the show's time-slot being relocated, overall rankings steadily declined, dropping below the top ten in its fifth season.
"Grey's Anatomy" made its greatest fall from its sixth to seventh season, slipping from seventeenth place to thirty-first.
The series is on a steady decline in terms of overall viewership and rankings, yet "Grey's Anatomy" still holds value in charts when numbers are pulled from the digital video recorder (DVR).
It was the most recorded show between 2007 and 2011, based on cumulative totals, and has been for several years in a row.
The most-watched episode of the series is "It's the End of the World", with 37.88 million viewers, aided by a lead-in from Super Bowl XL.
In contrast, the least-watched episode is "The Lion Sleeps Tonight", which garnered 8.19 million viewers—a 30% decrease from "It's the End of the World".
In 2011, "Grey's Anatomy" was named the fourth-highest revenue earning show of the year, with US$2.67 million per half hour, behind "Desperate Housewives", "Two and a Half Men", and "American Idol" at the top.
In 2012, the show was the fifth-highest revenue earning show of the year, with US$2.75 million per half hour, behind "Glee", "Two and a Half Men", "The X Factor (U.S.)" and "American Idol".
While "Grey's Anatomy" is no longer ranked in the top numbers for overall ratings, the show's ranking in the key 18–49 demographic has remained high.
As of season eight, the series is the highest-rated drama on television in the target demographic.
Below is a table of "Grey's Anatomy"s seasonal rankings in the U.S. television market, based on average total viewers per episode.
Each U.S. network television season starts in September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.
Article: Victoria Peak
Section: Abstract

Question: Where is Victoria Peak located?

Victoria Peak (, or previously ) is a mountain in the western half of Hong Kong Island.
It is also known as Mount Austin, and locally as The Peak.
With an altitude of , it is the highest mountain on the island (Tai Mo Shan is the highest point in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region).
The summit is occupied by a radio telecommunications facility and is closed to the public.
However, the surrounding area of public parks and high-value residential land is the area that is normally meant by the name "The Peak".
It is a major tourist attraction that offers views over Central, Victoria Harbour, Lamma Island and the surrounding islands.