community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Lacrosse
Section: Box lacrosse

Question: What is box lacrosse?

Box lacrosse is played by teams of six on a hockey rink where the ice has been removed or covered by artificial turf, or in an indoor soccer or lacrosse field.
The enclosed playing area is called a box, in contrast to the open playing field of the traditional game.
This version of the game was introduced in the 1930s to promote business for hockey arenas, and within several years had nearly supplanted field lacrosse in Canada.
Box lacrosse is played at the highest level by the "Senior A" divisions of the Canadian Lacrosse Association and the National Lacrosse League (NLL).
The National Lacrosse League employs some minor rule changes from the Canadien Lacrosse Association (CLA) rules.
Notably, the games are played during the winter.
The NLL games consist of four fifteen-minute quarters compared with three periods of twenty minutes each (similar to ice hockey) in CLA games (multiple 15-minute OT periods for tied games, until whoever scores first).
NLL players may use only sticks with hollow shafts, while CLA permits solid wooden sticks.
:The goals in box lacrosse are much smaller than field lacrosse, traditionally wide by tall in box, and wide by tall in the NLL.
Also, the goaltender wears much more protective padding, including a massive chest protector and armguard combination known as "uppers", large shin guards known as leg pads (both of which must follow strict measurement guidelines), and ice hockey-style masks or lacrosse helmets.
Also, at the professional level, box lacrosse goaltenders often use traditional wooden sticks outside of the NLL, which does not allow wooden sticks.
This makes Box Lacrosse faster and rougher than the traditional Field Lacrosse.
The style of the game is quick, accelerated by the close confines of the floor and a shot clock.
The shot clock requires the attacking team to take a shot on goal within 30 seconds of gaining possession of the ball.
In addition, players must advance the ball from their own defensive end to the offensive side of the floor within 10 seconds.
Box lacrosse is also a much more physical game.
Since cross checking is legal in box lacrosse, players wear rib pads in addition to the shoulder and elbow pads that field lacrosse players wear.
Box lacrosse players wear a different type of helmet as well, a hockey helmet with a box lacrosse cage.
For most penalties, the offending player is sent to the penalty box and his team has to play without him (thus lacking one player) for a short amount of time.
Most penalties last for two minutes, unless a five-minute major penalty has been assessed.
What separates box lacrosse (and ice hockey) from other sports is that at the top levels of professional and junior lacrosse, a five-minute major penalty is given and the players are not ejected for participating in a fight.
Article: Once Upon a Time (TV series)
Section: Series overview

Question: With whom does the town's only hope lie?

The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales and other stories that were transported to the "real world" town and robbed of their original memories by the Evil Queen Regina (Lana Parrilla), using a powerful curse obtained from Rumplestiltskin (Robert Carlyle).
The residents of Storybrooke have lived an unchanging existence for 28 years, unaware of their own lack of aging.
The town's only hope lies with a bail bonds-woman and bounty hunter named Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison), the daughter of Snow White (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Prince Charming (Josh Dallas), who was transported from the Enchanted Forest within the fairy tale world as an infant before she could be cursed.
As such, she is the only person who can break the curse and restore the characters' lost memories.
She is aided by her son, Henry (Jared S. Gilmore), with whom she has recently reunited after giving him up for adoption upon his birth, and his book of fairy tales which holds the key to ending the curse.
Henry is also the adopted son of Regina, mayor of Storybrooke, who is actually Henry's step-great-grandmother, providing a source of both conflict and common interest between the two women.
Episodes usually have one segment that details the characters' past lives, which when serialized, adds a piece to the puzzle about the characters and their connection to the events that preceded the curse and its consequences.
The other, set in the present day, follows a similar pattern with a different outcome but also offers similar insights.
Article: Mona Lisa
Section: Frame

Question: Why were crosspieces made from maple rather than beech starting in 1970?

Because the "Mona Lisa"'s poplar support expands and contracts with changes in humidity, the picture has experienced some warping.
In response to warping and swelling experienced during its storage during World War II, and to prepare the picture for an exhibit to honor the anniversary of Leonardo's 500th birthday, the "Mona Lisa" was fitted in 1951 with a flexible oak frame with beech crosspieces.
This flexible frame, which is used in addition to the decorative frame described below, exerts pressure on the panel to keep it from warping further.
In 1970, the beech crosspieces were switched to maple after it was found that the beechwood had been infested with insects.
In 2004–2005, a conservation and study team replaced the maple crosspieces with sycamore ones, and an additional metal crosspiece was added for scientific measurement of the panel's warp.
The "Mona Lisa" has had many different decorative frames in its history, owing to changes in taste over the centuries.
In 1909, the Comtesse de Béhague gave the portrait its current frame, a Renaissance-era work consistent with the historical period of the "Mona Lisa".
The edges of the painting have been trimmed at least once in its history to fit the picture into various frames, but no part of the original paint layer has been trimmed.
Article: Forbidden City
Section: Religion

Question: Religion was an important part of life for which court?

Religion was an important part of life for the imperial court.
In the Qing dynasty, the Palace of Earthly Harmony became a place of Manchu Shamanist ceremony.
At the same time, the native Chinese Taoist religion continued to have an important role throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties.
There were two Taoist shrines, one in the imperial garden and another in the central area of the Inner Court.
Another prevalent form of religion in the Qing dynasty palace was Buddhism.
A number of temples and shrines were scattered throughout the Inner Court, including that of Tibetan Buddhism or Lamaism.
Buddhist iconography also proliferated in the interior decorations of many buildings.
Of these, the Pavilion of the Rain of Flowers is one of the most important.
It housed a large number of Buddhist statues, icons, and mandalas, placed in ritualistic arrangements.
Article: Black hole
Section: Event horizon

Question: From the inside of an event horizon of a black hole, what can escape?

The defining feature of a black hole is the appearance of an event horizon—a boundary in spacetime through which matter and light can only pass inward towards the mass of the black hole.
Nothing, not even light, can escape from inside the event horizon.
The event horizon is referred to as such because if an event occurs within the boundary, information from that event cannot reach an outside observer, making it impossible to determine if such an event occurred.
As predicted by general relativity, the presence of a mass deforms spacetime in such a way that the paths taken by particles bend towards the mass.
At the event horizon of a black hole, this deformation becomes so strong that there are no paths that lead away from the black hole.
To a distant observer, clocks near a black hole appear to tick more slowly than those further away from the black hole.
Due to this effect, known as gravitational time dilation, an object falling into a black hole appears to slow down as it approaches the event horizon, taking an infinite time to reach it.
At the same time, all processes on this object slow down, for a fixed outside observer, causing emitted light to appear redder and dimmer, an effect known as gravitational redshift.
Eventually, at a point just before it reaches the event horizon, the falling object becomes so dim that it can no longer be seen.
On the other hand, an indestructible observer falling into a black hole does not notice any of these effects as he crosses the event horizon.
According to his own clock, which appears to him to tick normally, he crosses the event horizon after a finite time without noting any singular behaviour.
In particular, he is unable to determine exactly when he crosses it, as it is impossible to determine the location of the event horizon from local observations.
The shape of the event horizon of a black hole is always approximately spherical.
For non-rotating (static) black holes the geometry is precisely spherical, while for rotating black holes the sphere is somewhat oblate.
Article: Jackson Pollock
Section: Early life

Question: What mental illness do historians hypotesize that Jackson Pollock may have had?

Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming, in 1912, the youngest of five sons.
His parents, Stella May (née McClure) and LeRoy Pollock, were born and grew up in Tingley, Iowa and were educated at Tingley High School.
Pollock's mother is interred at Tingley Cemetery, Ringgold County, Iowa.
His father had been born with the surname McCoy but took the surname of his adoptive parents, neighbors who adopted him after his own parents had died within a year of each other.
Stella and LeRoy Pollock were Presbyterian; they were of Irish and Scots-Irish descent, respectively.
LeRoy Pollock was a farmer and later a land surveyor for the government, moving for different jobs.
Jackson grew up in Arizona and Chico, California.
While living in Echo Park, California, he enrolled at Los Angeles' Manual Arts High School, from which he was expelled.
He already had been expelled in 1928 from another high school.
During his early life, Pollock explored Native American culture while on surveying trips with his father.
In 1930, following his older brother Charles Pollock, he moved to New York City, where they both studied under Thomas Hart Benton at the Art Students League.
Benton's rural American subject matter had little influence on Pollock's work, but his rhythmic use of paint and his fierce independence were more lasting.
From 1938 to 1942, during the Great Depression, Pollock worked for the WPA Federal Art Project.
Trying to deal with his established alcoholism, from 1938 through 1941 Pollock underwent Jungian psychotherapy with Dr. Joseph Henderson and later with Dr. Violet Staub de Laszlo in 1941-1942.
Henderson engaged him through his art, encouraging Pollock to make drawings.
Jungian concepts and archetypes were expressed in his paintings.
Recently historians have hypothesized that Pollock might have had bipolar disorder.
Article: Vietnam
Section: Ethnicity

Question: What proportion of citizens identify as Viet or Kinh?

According to the 2009 census, the dominant Viet or Kinh ethnic group constituted nearly 73.6 million people, or 85.8% of the population.
The Kinh population is concentrated mainly in the alluvial deltas and coastal plains of the country.
A largely homogeneous social and ethnic group, the Kinh possess significant political and economic influence over the country.
However, Vietnam is also home to 54 ethnic minority groups, including the Hmong, Dao, Tay, Thai, and Nùng.
Many ethnic minorities – such as the Muong, who are closely related to the Kinh – dwell in the highlands, which cover two-thirds of Vietnam's territory.
Before the Vietnam War, the population of the Central Highlands was almost exclusively Degar (including over 40 tribal groups); however, Ngô Đình Diệm's South Vietnamese government enacted a program of resettling Kinh in indigenous areas.
The Hoa (ethnic Chinese) and Khmer Krom people are mainly lowlanders.
As Sino-Vietnamese relations soured in 1978 and 1979, some 450,000 Hoa left Vietnam.
Article: Snorkeling
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a snorkel, and usually fins?

Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a snorkel, and usually fins.
In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.
Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods of time with relatively little effort.
Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort and scuba diving locations.
The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.
It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.
It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.
Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams.
Article: Prison Break
Section: Home media

Question: Name the 3 countries where the Blu-ray package of all four seasons including "The Final Break" has been released.

The DVD and Blu-ray Disc sets of each season were released after their television broadcast in various regions.
At the 2006 International Consumer Electronics Show, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment announced that the complete first season of "Prison Break" was to be released on Blu-ray in early 2007.
The release date was later announced to be November 13, 2007 and "Prison Break" became the first television show to be released on Blu-ray Disc by Fox.
The Blu-ray box set contains six discs and includes all the DVD box set's special features.
A DVD set containing the first three seasons was released on May 19, 2008 in Region 2.
The television movie, "", was included in the Season 4 set in Regions 2 and 4, but was released separately in Region 1.
"The Final Break" was later released separately in Regions 2 and 4.
In France, Germany and the United Kingdom, a Blu-ray package of all four seasons including "The Final Break" has been released.
Over a year after its initial release, Season 4 was later re-issued in Region 4 without "The Final Break" included.
Article: Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Section: Geology

Question: In the Mesozoic era, which formations were re-exposed?

The majority of rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park are Late Precambrian rocks that are part of the Ocoee Supergroup formation.
This group consists of metamorphosed sandstones, phyllites, schists, and slate.
Early Precambrian rocks are not only the oldest rocks in the park but also the dominant rock type in sites such as the Raven Fork Valley and upper Tuckasegee River between Cherokee and Bryson City.
They primarily consist of metamorphic gneiss, granite, and schist.
Cambrian sedimentary rocks can be found among the bottom of the Foothills to the northwest and in limestone coves such as Cades Cove.
One of the most visited attractions in the mountains is Cades Cove which is a window or an area where older rocks made out of sandstone surround the valley floor of younger rocks made out of limestone.
The oldest rocks in the Smokies are the Precambrian gneiss and schists which were formed over a billion years ago from the accumulation of marine sediments and igneous rock.
In the Late Precambrian period, the primordial ocean expanded and the more recent Ocoee Supergroup rocks formed from the accumulation of eroding land mass onto the continental shelf.
At the end of the Paleozoic era, the ocean deposited a thick layer of marine sediments which left behind sedimentary rock.
During the Ordovician period, the collision of North American and African plates initiated the Alleghenian orogeny that created the Appalachian range.
The Mesozoic era was dictated by the rapid erosion of softer sedimentary rocks and re-exposed the older Ocoee Supergroup formations.
Article: Rembrandt
Section: Name and signature

Question: When was the name Rembrandt introduced as the artists name?

"Rembrandt" is a modification of the spelling of the artist's first name that he introduced in 1633.
Roughly speaking, his earliest signatures (ca.
1625) consisted of an initial "R", or the monogram "RH" (for Rembrant Harmenszoon; i.e.
"Rembrant, the son of Harmen"), and starting in 1629, "RHL" (the "L" stood, presumably, for Leiden).
In 1632, he used this monogram early in the year, then added his patronymic to it, "RHL-van Rijn", but replaced this form in that same year and began using his first name alone with its original spelling, "Rembrant".
In 1633 he added a "d", and maintained this form consistently from then on, proving that this minor change had a meaning for him (whatever it might have been).
This change is purely visual; it does not change the way his name is pronounced.
Curiously enough, despite the large number of paintings and etchings signed with this modified first name, most of their documents that mentioned him during his lifetime retained the original "Rembrant" spelling.
(Note: the rough chronology of signature forms above applies to the paintings, and to a lesser degree to the etchings; from 1632, presumably, there is only one etching signed "RHL-v. Rijn," the large-format "Raising of Lazarus," B 73).
His practice of signing his work with his first name, later followed by Vincent van Gogh, was probably inspired by Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo who, then as now, were referred to by their first names alone.
Article: The Selfish Giant (2013 film)
Section: Plot

Question: What does Arbor do in the final scene?

The film follows the lives of Arbor and Swifty, teenage boys growing up in an impoverished area of Bradford, northern England.
Arbor suffers from hyperactivity disorder, which often gets him into trouble even when it is not his intention.
When the boys are suspended from school after a fight, they decide to earn money collecting and selling scrap metal.
They quickly realize that stealing copper from telecom, railway, and power utilities proves quite lucrative.
They sell their scrap to a local scrap dealer, Kitten.
Kitten owns a horse and competes in amateur harness racing.
Kitten allows Swifty to work with the horse, once he realizes Swifty's surprising affection for and natural talent with horses.
Kitten also lets the boys borrow the horse and a cart to collect scrap metal.
Arbor is jealous of Kitten's kindness toward Swifty.
Arbor decides to steal a piece of scrap from Kitten and sell it, along with some other scrap, to a dealer in Huddersfield.
The plan ends up backfiring, Arbor is refused at the other dealer and unsuccessfully makes a deal with some men who offer to sell the scrap for him.
Kitten finds out and physically intimidates Arbor into stealing a specific piece of high voltage electric power transmission wire to make up for his loss.
The boys are not fully aware of the dangers of high voltage wire, and when Swifty goes to cut the wire, he is electrocuted and killed.
Arbor is devastated and Kitten is arrested, telling the police he is responsible and allowing Arbor to escape blame.
He sits resolutely outside Swifty's mother's house until, after several rejections, she allows him to hug her and share their pain.
In a final scene, Arbor takes care of the horse Swifty loved.
Article: Navy Pier
Section: First use: commercial pier and entertainment

Question: During the 1920s, what was the average number of annual visits to the Pier?

Even as Chicago Municipal Pier was being built, mass-produced automobiles and trucks were beginning to wreak havoc on the package freight and passenger steamboat industries of Lake Michigan.
The Pier proved to be much more successful as a public gathering place.
In the 1920s, the Pier expanded to have its own streetcar line, a theater, and an emergency room.
It gained wide recognition in 1922 by hosting the "Pageant of Progress."
In 1927 the Pier was officially named Navy Pier in honor of the Naval personnel that served there during WWI.
In this period, the Pier was described as a summer playground, with recreational facilities that included picnicking areas, dining pavilions, a dance hall, auditorium, and children's playground.
A radio station.
WCFL, operated from the north tower of the auditorium.
During the 1920s, it is estimated that an average of 3.2 million visitors frequented the Pier annually.
This decade is sometimes called the Pier's "Golden Age".
The advent of the Great Depression in the early 1930s, as well as the increased use of trucks and automobiles, resulted in the decline of freight and passenger ship activity; however, cultural and recreational use of the Pier continued.
In 1933, the Century of Progress Exposition (World's Fair) on the lakefront also drew many conventions and visitors to the Pier.
During the 1930s, the Pier also housed various New Deal agencies.
Article: Curling
Section: Shoes

Question: What is the disimilarities between a slider shoe and a non sliding shoe's design?

Curling shoes are similar to ordinary athletic shoes except that they have dissimilar soles; the "slider shoe" is designed for the off foot (or sliding foot) and the "non-sliding shoe" for the hack foot.
The "slider shoe" is designed to slide and typically has a Teflon sole.
It is worn by the thrower during delivery from the hack and by sweepers or the skip to glide down the ice when sweeping or otherwise traveling down the sheet quickly.
Stainless steel was once common for slider soles, and "red brick" sliders with lateral blocks of PVC on the sole are also available.
Most shoes have a full-sole sliding surface, but some shoes have a sliding surface covering only the outline of the shoe and other enhancements with the full-sole slider.
Some shoes have small disc sliders covering the front and heel portions or only the front portion of the foot, which allow more flexibility in the sliding foot for curlers playing with tuck deliveries.
When a player is not throwing, the player's slider shoe can be temporarily rendered non-slippery by using a slip-on gripper.
Ordinary athletic shoes may be converted to sliders by using a step-on or slip-on Teflon slider or by applying electrical or gaffer tape directly to the sole or over a piece of cardboard.
This arrangement often suits casual or beginning players.
The "non-sliding shoe", or "hack foot shoe," is worn by the thrower on the hack foot during delivery and is designed to grip.
It may have a normal athletic shoe sole or a special layer of rubbery material applied to the sole of a thickness to match the sliding shoe.
The toe of the hack foot shoe may also have a rubberised coating on the top surface or a flap that hangs over the toe to reduce wear on the top of the shoe as it drags on the ice behind the thrower.
Article: Peking duck
Section: Reheating

Question: What changes when an oven is used?

Whole Peking Ducks can be ordered as takeaways.
The ducks can be reheated at home with an oven, grill or boiling oil.
When an oven is used, the duck is heated at a temperature of 150 °C (300 °F) for 20 minutes, and then at 160 °C (325 °F) for another 10 minutes.
The grilling method involves filling the duck with boiling water before placing it on a griddle, 70 cm (28 in) above the cooking fire.
The boiling water is replaced every 3–4 minutes until the duck's skin is piping hot.
To reheat the Peking Duck with oil, the duck is sliced into thin pieces and placed in a strainer held over a wok of boiling oil.
The duck is then rinsed several times with the oil.