community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Das Boot
Section: Historical accuracy

Question: Where was the "U-96" based in real life in late 1941?

In the film, there is only one ardent Nazi in the crew of 40, namely the First Watch Officer (referred to comically in one scene as "Unser Hitlerjugendführer", "Our Hitler Youth Leader"), with the rest of the officers either indifferent or, in the Captain's case, openly cynical.
The enlisted sailors and non-commissioned officers are portrayed as apolitical.
In his book "Iron Coffins", former U-boat commander Herbert A. Werner states that the selection of naval personnel based on their loyalty to the party occurred only later in the war (from 1943 onward), when the U-boats were suffering high casualties.
At that stage in the war, morale was surely declining and this degree of skepticism may have occurred.
In support of "Das Boot" on this subject, U-Boat historian Michael Gannon maintains that the U-boat navy was one of the least pro-Nazi branches of the German armed forces.
Even though the beginning and the end of the film occur in the port of La Rochelle, it does not correspond historically.
The submarine base in La Rochelle was not functional before November 1941, and at the time of the film the port was dried up.
Moreover, none of the British fighter-bombers of late 1941 to early 1942 had the range to bomb La Rochelle from bases in the U.K.; however, it is possible the fighters were carrier-based and not land based.
While Saint-Nazaire was the base used in the novel, the film was changed to La Rochelle because its appearance had not changed to such a large degree in the years since World War II.
In real life, the "U-96" was based at Saint-Nazaire in late 1941.
It survived this period, but much like its on-screen fate, it actually was sunk by Allied bombers at its berth in Wilhelmshaven in March 1945.
Article: Victoria Peak
Section: Tourism

Question: The Peak Lookout Restaurant was rebuilt in what year?

With some seven million visitors every year, the Peak is a major tourist attraction of Hong Kong.
It offers spectacular views of the city and its harbours.
The viewing deck also has coin operated telescopes that the visitors can use to enjoy the cityscape.
The number of visitors led to the construction of two major leisure and shopping centres, the Peak Tower and the Peak Galleria, situated adjacent to each other.
The Peak Tower incorporates the upper station of the Peak Tram, the funicular railway that brings passengers up from the St. John's Cathedral in Hong Kong's Central district, whilst the Peak Galleria incorporates the bus station used by the Hong Kong public buses and green minibuses on the Peak.
The Peak is also accessible by taxi and private car via the circuitous Peak Road, or by walking up the steep Old Peak Road from near the Zoological Botanical Gardens.
Victoria Peak Garden is located on the site of Mountain Lodge, the Governor's old summer residence, and is the closest publicly accessible point to the summit.
It can be reached from Victoria Gap by walking up Mount Austin Road, a climb of about .
Another popular walk is the level loop along Lugard Road, giving good views of Hong Kong's Central district and Kowloon, and then returning via Harlech Road, encircling the summit at the level of the Peak Tower.
There are several restaurants on Victoria Peak, most of which are located in the two shopping centres.
However, the Peak Lookout Restaurant, is housed in an older and more traditional building which was originally a spacious house for engineers working on the Peak Tramway.
It was rebuilt in 1901 as a stop area for sedan chairs, but was re-opened as a restaurant in 1947.
In addition to being a major tourist attraction for Hong Kong, The Peak is also the summit of Hong Kong's property market.
At the peak of The Peak, properties are more precious than anywhere else in the world.
Most of the super rich in Hong Kong - including Cheung Kong (Holdings) chairman Li Ka-shing and the Kwok brothers of Sun Hung Kai Properties - live in detached houses in Island South or The Peak.
A house at Barker Road (where Hong Kong's most expensive residential buildings are located) sold for HK$1.8 billion last year.
At $68,228 per square foot, it is the most expensive location in the world.
The buyer is reported to be a Hong Kong billionaire, Lee Shau-kee.
On January 12.
2014, a Barker Road property sold at over HK$100k (US$13k) per square foot for HK$690 million.
Article: Wushu (sport)
Section: Wushu as an Olympic event

Question: What event was Wushu rejected for?

The IWUF placed a bid to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to have wushu included in future Olympic Games, but did not meet with success.
However, the IOC allowed China to organize an international wushu event during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, but this event is not one of the 28 official Olympic sports, nor is it a demonstration event.
Instead, it was called the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Wushu Tournament.
Wushu was one of 8 sports that was considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
On May 29, 2013, Wushu's bid was rejected.
Article: Invasion of Poland
Section: Abstract

Question: What prompted France and the UK to declare war on Germany in 1939

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War or the Fourth Partition of Poland (Polish: "Kampania wrześniowa" or "Wojna obronna 1939 roku" or "IV rozbiór Polski") in Poland and the Poland Campaign (German: "Polenfeldzug") or Fall Weiß (Case White) in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe.
The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September 1939 following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement which terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities (Nomonhan incident) in the east on 16 September 1939.
The campaign ended on 6 October 1939 with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland.
The morning after the Gleiwitz incident, German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west.
As the Germans advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the Polish–German border to more established lines of defence to the east.
After the mid-September Polish defeat in the Battle of the Bzura, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage.
Polish forces then withdrew to the southeast where they prepared for a long defence of the Romanian Bridgehead and awaited expected support and relief from France and the United Kingdom.
The two countries had pacts with Poland and had declared war on Germany on 3 September, though in the end their aid to Poland in the September campaign was very limited.
The Soviet Red Army's invasion of Eastern Poland on 17 September, in accordance with a secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, rendered the Polish plan of defence obsolete.
Facing a second front, the Polish government concluded the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania.
On 6 October, following the Polish defeat at the Battle of Kock, German and Soviet forces gained full control over Poland.
The success of the invasion marked the end of the Second Polish Republic, though Poland never formally surrendered.
On 8 October, after an initial period of military administration, Germany directly annexed western Poland and the former Free City of Danzig and placed the remaining block of territory under the administration of the newly established General Government.
The Soviet Union incorporated its newly acquired areas into its constituent Belarusian and Ukrainian republics, and immediately started a campaign of sovietization.
In the aftermath of the invasion, a collective of underground resistance organizations formed the Polish Underground State within the territory of the former Polish state.
Many of the military exiles that managed to escape Poland subsequently joined the Polish Armed Forces in the West, an armed force loyal to the Polish government in exile.
Article: Italy
Section: Literature and theatre

Question: When did the performance of Commedia dell'arte start?

The basis of the modern Italian language was established by the Florentine poet Dante Alighieri, whose greatest work, the Divine Comedy, is considered among the foremost literary statements produced in Europe during the Middle Ages.
There is no shortage of celebrated literary figures in Italy: Giovanni Boccaccio, Giacomo Leopardi, Alessandro Manzoni, Torquato Tasso, Ludovico Ariosto, and Petrarch, whose best-known vehicle of expression, the sonnet, was created in Italy.
Prominent philosophers include Giordano Bruno, Marsilio Ficino, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Giambattista Vico.
Modern literary figures and Nobel laureates are nationalist poet Giosuè Carducci in 1906, realist writer Grazia Deledda in 1926, modern theatre author Luigi Pirandello in 1936, poets Salvatore Quasimodo in 1959 and Eugenio Montale in 1975, satirist and theatre author Dario Fo in 1997.
Carlo Collodi's 1883 novel, "The Adventures of Pinocchio", is the most celebrated children's classic by an Italian author.
Italian theatre can be traced back to the Roman tradition which was heavily influenced by the Greek; as with many other literary genres, Roman dramatists tended to adapt and translate from the Greek.
For example, Seneca's "Phaedra" was based on that of Euripides, and many of the comedies of Plautus were direct translations of works by Menander.
During the 16th century and on into the 18th century, Commedia dell'arte was a form of improvisational theatre, and it is still performed today.
Travelling troupes of players would set up an outdoor stage and provide amusement in the form of juggling, acrobatics, and, more typically, humorous plays based on a repertoire of established characters with a rough storyline, called "canovaccio".
Article: Thermodynamics
Section: States and processes

Question: What do people regard the working body as in thermodynamics?

There are three fundamental kinds of entity in thermodynamics, states of a system, processes of a system, and thermodynamic operations.
This allows three fundamental approaches to thermodynamic reasoning, that in terms of states of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system, and that in terms of time-invariant processes of a system, and that in terms of cyclic processes of a system.
The approach through states of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system requires a full account of the state of the system as well as a notion of process from one state to another of a system, but may require only an idealized or partial account of the state of the surroundings of the system or of other systems.
The method of description in terms of states of thermodynamic equilibrium has limitations.
For example, processes in a region of turbulent flow, or in a burning gas mixture, or in a Knudsen gas may be beyond "the province of thermodynamics".
This problem can sometimes be circumvented through the method of description in terms of cyclic or of time-invariant flow processes.
This is part of the reason why the founders of thermodynamics often preferred the cyclic process description.
Approaches through processes of time-invariant flow of a system are used for some studies.
Some processes, for example Joule-Thomson expansion, are studied through steady-flow experiments, but can be accounted for by distinguishing the steady bulk flow kinetic energy from the internal energy, and thus can be regarded as within the scope of classical thermodynamics defined in terms of equilibrium states or of cyclic processes.
Other flow processes, for example thermoelectric effects, are essentially defined by the presence of differential flows or diffusion so that they cannot be adequately accounted for in terms of equilibrium states or classical cyclic processes.
The notion of a cyclic process does not require a full account of the state of the system, but does require a full account of how the process occasions transfers of matter and energy between the principal system (which is often called the "working body") and its surroundings, which must include at least two heat reservoirs at different known and fixed temperatures, one hotter than the principal system and the other colder than it, as well as a reservoir that can receive energy from the system as work and can do work on the system.
The reservoirs can alternatively be regarded as auxiliary idealized component systems, alongside the principal system.
Thus an account in terms of cyclic processes requires at least four contributory component systems.
The independent variables of this account are the amounts of energy that enter and leave the idealized auxiliary systems.
In this kind of account, the working body is often regarded as a "black box", and its own state is not specified.
In this approach, the notion of a properly numerical scale of empirical temperature is a presupposition of thermodynamics, not a notion constructed by or derived from it.
Article: Modern Family
Section: Filming

Question: In the television series 'Modern Family', what neighborhood is the Dunphys' house located in?

Principal photography takes place in Los Angeles.
Many of the exteriors used are on the city's Westside.
The Dunphys' house is in the Cheviot Hills neighborhood.
, Palisades Charter High School is used for the exteriors of Luke and Manny's school.
Lloyd and Levitan, whose credits both include "Frasier", "Wings", and "Just Shoot Me", are executive producers of the series, serving as showrunner and head writer under their Lloyd-Levitan Productions label in affiliation with Twentieth Century Fox Television.
The other producers on the writing team are Paul Corrigan, Sameer Gardezi, Joe Lawson, Dan O'Shannon, Brad Walsh, Caroline Williams, Bill Wrubel, Danny Zuker, and Jeff Morton.
The first team of directors included Jason Winer, Michael Spiller, Randall Einhorn, and Chris Koch.
Winer has directed nineteen episodes of the series, making him the most prolific director of the series.
Article: Sistine Chapel ceiling
Section: In popular culture

Question: In what was does Pastafarianism parody the Sistine Chapel ceiling?

In many works, the painting of God and Adam are parodied.
See The Creation of Adam for more.
In the film "2012", the entire College of Cardinals are seen praying silently under the ceiling.
The ceiling then starts to crack, commencing at the point where God's and Adam's fingers nearly touch, dividing the two.
In "", the Sistine chapel is seen falling after 500 years.
In Pastafarianism, a parody of the painting is shown as the Flying Spaghetti Monster reaching a noodly appendage out to Adam.
Playwright Neil Simon's quote about the Sistine floor-"If no one took any risks, Michaelangelo would have painted the Sistine floor.
"
The 1965 film "The Agony and the Ecstasy" features the story of Michelangelo and his travails in painting the Sistine Chapel.
He is portrayed in the film by Charlton Heston.
In the 2009 film "Angels & Demons" and also in the 2000 book on which the film is based, the chapel is featured throughout the story.
Article: Forrest Gump
Section: Author controversy

Question: Winston Groom was to receive what percentage of the film's net profit?

Winston Groom was paid $350,000 for the screenplay rights to his novel "Forrest Gump" and was contracted for a 3 percent share of the film's net profits.
However, Paramount and the film's producers did not pay him, using Hollywood accounting to posit that the blockbuster film lost money.
Tom Hanks, by contrast, contracted for the film's gross receipts instead of a salary, and he and director Zemeckis each received $40 million.
Additionally, Groom was not mentioned once in any of the film's six Oscar-winner speeches.
The dispute was later resolved.
Article: American Hustle
Section: Abstract

Question: What year did the film American Hustle premier?

American Hustle is a 2013 American crime comedy-drama film directed by David O. Russell, from a screenplay written by Eric Warren Singer and Russell, loosely based on the FBI ABSCAM operation of the late 1970s and early 1980s.
It stars Christian Bale and Amy Adams as two con artists who are forced by an FBI agent (Bradley Cooper) to set up an elaborate sting operation on corrupt politicians, including the mayor of Camden, New Jersey, (Jeremy Renner).
Jennifer Lawrence plays the unpredictable wife of Bale's character.
Principal photography on "American Hustle" began on March 8, 2013 in Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts, and New York City.
The film had its nationwide release in the United States on December 20, 2013, and has since grossed more than a quarter of a billion dollars worldwide.
As well as being a box office success, the film received widespread critical acclaim.
It received ten Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Writing (Original Screenplay), but did not win in any category.
It became the second film since 1981, and the 15th overall, to be nominated in the four acting categories, the first being "Silver Linings Playbook", also directed by Russell and also starring Cooper and Lawrence.
"American Hustle" won three Golden Globe Awards, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture and three BAFTA Awards, among other achievements.
Article: Kung Fu Panda
Section: Abstract

Question: What did Kung Fu Panda earn on its opening day?

Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy wuxia film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures.
It was directed by John Stevenson and Mark Osborne and produced by Melissa Cobb, and stars the voices of Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, Angelina Jolie, Jackie Chan, Lucy Liu, Seth Rogen, David Cross, Ian McShane, Randall Duk Kim, James Hong, Dan Fogler, and Michael Clarke Duncan.
Set in a version of ancient China populated by anthropomorphic talking animals, the plot revolves around a bumbling panda named Po who aspires to be a kung fu master.
When an evil kung fu warrior is foretold to escape from prison, Po is unwittingly named the chosen one destined to bring peace to the land, much to the chagrin of the resident kung fu warriors.
The idea for the film was conceived by Michael Lachance, a DreamWorks Animation executive.
The film was originally intended to be a parody, but director Stevenson decided instead to shoot an action comedy wuxia film that incorporates the hero's journey narrative archetype for the lead character.
The computer animation in the film was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before.
As with most DreamWorks animated films, Hans Zimmer (collaborating with John Powell this time) scored "Kung Fu Panda".
He visited China to absorb the culture and get to know the China National Symphony Orchestra as part of his preparation.
A sequel, "Kung Fu Panda 2", was released on May 26, 2011, along with a television series, "" later that same year as a part of a franchise.
The third installment called "Kung Fu Panda 3" will debut in December 23, 2015.
"Kung Fu Panda" premiered in the United States on June 6, 2008, and has since received very favorable reviews from critics and much of the movie-going public.
The film currently garners an 88% "Certified Fresh" approval rating from review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.
"Kung Fu Panda" opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its opening day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend, resulting in the number one position at the box office.
The film became DreamWorks' biggest opening for a non-sequel film, the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide, and also had the fourth-largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office, behind "Shrek 2", "Shrek the Third", and "Shrek Forever After".
Article: Vegetable
Section: Nutrition

Question: Which vitamins commonly appear in vegetables?

Vegetables are eaten in a variety of ways, as part of main meals and as snacks.
The nutritional content of vegetables varies considerably, though generally they contain little protein or fat, and varying proportions of vitamins such as Vitamin A, Vitamin K and Vitamin B6, provitamins, dietary minerals and carbohydrates.
Vegetables contain a great variety of other phytochemicals, some of which have been claimed to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties.
Some vegetables also contain fiber, important for gastrointestinal function.
Vegetables contain important nutrients necessary for healthy hair and skin as well.
A person who refrains from dairy and meat products, and eats only plants (including vegetables) is known as a vegan.
However, vegetables often also contain toxins and antinutrients such as α-solanine, α-chaconine, enzyme inhibitors (of cholinesterase, protease, amylase, etc.
), cyanide and cyanide precursors, oxalic acid, and more.
Depending on the concentration, such compounds may reduce the edibility, nutritional value, and health benefits of dietary vegetables.
Cooking and/or other processing may be necessary to eliminate or reduce them.
Diets containing recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables may help lower the risk of heart diseases and type 2 diabetes.
These diets may also protect against some cancers and decrease bone loss.
The potassium provided by both fruits and vegetables may help prevent the formation of kidney stones.
Article: Watergate scandal
Section: Release of the tapes

Question: Who was Nixon's longtime personal secretary?

The tapes revealed several crucial conversations that took place between the President and his counsel, John Dean, on March 21, 1973.
In this conversation, Dean summarized many aspects of the Watergate case, and focused on the subsequent coverup, describing it as a "cancer on the presidency."
The burglary team was being paid hush money for their silence and Dean stated: "That's the most troublesome post-thing, because Bob is involved in that; John [Ehrlichman is involved in that; I am involved in that; Mitchell is involved in that.
And that's an obstruction of justice."
Dean continues and states that Howard Hunt is blackmailing the White House, demanding money immediately, and President Nixon replies that the blackmail money should be paid: "…just looking at the immediate problem, don't you have to have – handle Hunt's financial situation damn soon?
[…] you've got to keep the cap on the bottle that much, in order to have any options.
"At the time of the initial congressional impeachment, it was not known if Nixon had known and approved of the payments to the Watergate defendants earlier than this conversation.
Nixon's conversation with Haldeman on August 1, 1972, is one of several that establishes this.
Nixon states: "Well…they have to be paid.
That's all there is to that.
They have to be paid."
During the congressional debate on impeachment, some believed that impeachment required a criminally indictable offense.
President Nixon's agreement to make the blackmail payments was regarded as an affirmative act to obstruct justice.
On December 7, 1973, it was found that an 18½ minute portion of one recorded tape had been erased.
Nixon's longtime personal secretary, Rose Mary Woods, said she had accidentally erased the tape by pushing the wrong pedal on her tape player when answering the phone.
The press ran photos showing that it was unlikely for Woods to answer the phone and keep her foot on the pedal.
Later forensic analysis determined that the tape had been erased in several segments – at least five, and perhaps as many as nine.