community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Union Station (Washington, D.C.)
Section: Restoration

Question: The AMC movie theater shut down in what year?

As a result of the Redevelopment Act of 1981, Union Station was closed for restoration and refurbishing.
Mold was growing in the leaking ceiling of the Main Hall, and the carpet laid out for an Inauguration Day celebration was full of cigarette-burned holes.
In 1988, Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole awarded $70 million to the restoration effort.
"The Pit" was transformed into a new basement level, and the Main Hall floor was refitted with marble.
While installing new HVAC systems, crews discovered antique items in shafts that had not been opened since the building's creation.
The station reopened in its present form on September 29, 1988.
The former “Pit” area was replaced with an AMC movie theater (later Phoenix Theatres), closed October 12, 2009, to be replaced with additional restaurants and a large food court in the former baggage-mail level.
The food court still retains the original arches under which the trains were parked as well as the track numbers on those arches.
A variety of shops opened along the Concourse and Main Hall, and a new Amtrak terminal at the back behind the original Concourse.
Trains no longer enter the original Concourse but the original, decorative gates were relocated to the new passenger concourse.
In 1994, this new passenger concourse was renamed to honor W. Graham Claytor, Jr., who served as Amtrak's president from 1982 to 1993.
The decorative elements of the station were also restored.
The skylights were preserved but sunlight no longer illuminates the Concourse because it is blocked by the newer roof structure built directly overhead to support the aging, original structure.
Article: Basketball
Section: Shooting

Question: What is it called when the feet hit the floor before the ball is released?

Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket, methods varying with players and situations.
Typically, a player faces the basket with both feet facing the basket.
A player will rest the ball on the fingertips of the dominant hand (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the other hand supporting the side of the ball.
The ball is usually shot by jumping (though not always) and extending the shooting arm.
The shooting arm, fully extended with the wrist fully bent, is held stationary for a moment following the release of the ball, known as a "follow-through".
Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to absorb its impact with the rim.
The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat controversial, but generally a proper arc is recommended.
Players may shoot directly into the basket or may use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.
The two most common shots that use the above described setup are the "set-shot" and the "jump-shot".
The set-shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor, typically used for free throws, and in other circumstances whilst the jump-shot is taken in mid-air, the ball released near the top of the jump.
This provides much greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender.
Failure to release the ball before the feet return to the floor is considered a traveling violation.
Another common shot is called the "lay-up".
This shot requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up" and into the basket, typically off the backboard (the backboard-free, underhand version is called a "finger roll").
The most crowd-pleasing and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot is the "slam dunk", in which the player jumps very high and throws the ball downward, through the basket whilst touching it.
Another shot that is becoming common is the "circus shot".
The circus shot is a low-percentage shot that is flipped, heaved, scooped, or flung toward the hoop while the shooter is off-balance, airborne, falling down, and/or facing away from the basket.
A back-shot is a shot taken when the player is facing away from the basket, and may be shot with the dominant hand, or both; but there is a very low chance that the shot will be successful.
A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an "air-ball".
A particularly bad shot, or one that only hits the backboard, is jocularly called a brick.
Article: Protestant Reformation
Section: Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth

Question: What year did the polish brethren show up?

In the first half of the 16th century, the enormous Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a country of many creeds, but Roman Catholic Church remained the dominating religion.
Reformation reached Poland in the 1520s, and quickly gained popularity among mostly German-speaking inhabitants of such major cities, as Gdańsk, Toruń and Elbląg.
In Koenigsberg, in 1530, Polish-language edition of Luther's Small Catechism was published.
The Duchy of Prussia, which was a Polish fief, emerged as key center of the movement, with numerous publishing houses issuing not only Bibles, but also catechisms, in German, Polish and Lithuanian.
Lutheranism gained popularity in northern part of the country, while Calvinism caught the interest of szlachta, mainly in Lesser Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Several publishing houses were opened in Lesser Poland in mid-16th century, in such locations, as Słomniki and Raków.
At that time, Mennonites and Czech Brothers came to Poland, with the latter ones settling mostly in Greater Poland, around Leszno.
In 1565, Polish Brethren appeared as yet another reformation movement.
The 16th century Commonwealth was unique in Europe, because of widespread tolerance, confirmed by the Warsaw Confederation.
In 1563, the Brest Bible was published (see also Bible translations into Polish).
The period of tolerance ended during the reign of King Sigismund III Vasa, who was under strong influence of Piotr Skarga and other Jesuits.
After the Deluge, and other wars of the mid-17th century, in which all enemies of Poland were either Protestant or Orthodox Christians, the attitude of Poles changed.
Counter-Reformation prevailed, in 1658 Polish Brethren were forced to leave the country, and in 1666, the Sejm banned apostasy from Catholicism to any other religion, under punishment of death.
Finally, in 1717, the Silent Sejm banned non-Catholics from becoming deputies of the Parliament.
Among most important Protestants of the Commonwealth, there are such names, as Mikołaj Rej, Marcin Czechowic, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski and Symon Budny.
Article: Ice hockey
Section: Modern women's ice hockey

Question: How many female hockey players were there in the United States in the year 2011?

Women's ice hockey.
Modern women's ice hockey.
Ice hockey is one of the fastest growing women's sports in the world, with the number of participants increasing 350 percent in the last 10 years.
In 2011, Canada had 85,827 women players, United States had 65,609, Finland 4,760, Sweden 3,075 and Switzerland 1,172.
While there are not as many organized leagues for women as there are for men, there exist leagues of all levels, including the Canadian Women's Hockey League, Western Women's Hockey League, Mid-Atlantic Women's Hockey League, and various European leagues; as well as university teams, national and Olympic teams, and recreational teams.
By the end of 2013, the IIHF had held fifteen IIHF World Women's Championship tournaments.
The USHL welcomed the first female professional hockey player in 1969–70, when the Marquette Iron Rangers signed Karen Koch.
Women's ice hockey was added as a medal sport at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.
The United States won the gold, Canada won the silver and Finland won the bronze medal.
The chief difference between women's and men's hockey is that body checking is not allowed in women's hockey.
After the 1990 Women's World Championship, body checking was eliminated in women's hockey.
In current IIHF women's competition, body checking is either a minor or major penalty, decided at the referee's discretion.
In addition, players in women's competition are required to wear protective full-face masks.
One woman, Manon Rhéaume, appeared as a goaltender for the NHL's Tampa Bay Lightning in pre-season games against the St. Louis Blues and the Boston Bruins, and in 2003 Hayley Wickenheiser played with the Kirkkonummi Salamat in the Finnish men's Suomi-sarja league.
Several women have competed in North American minor leagues, including goaltenders Kelly Dyer, Erin Whitten, Manon Rhéaume, and defenceman Angela Ruggiero.
Article: Lacrosse
Section: International lacrosse

Question: What are the two main countries in which lacrosse is played?

Lacrosse has been played for the most part in Canada and the United States, with small but dedicated lacrosse communities in the United Kingdom and Australia.
Recently, however, lacrosse has begun to flourish at an international level, with teams being established particularly in Europe and east Asia.
With lacrosse not having been an official Olympic sport since 1908, the pinnacle of international lacrosse competition consists of the quadrennial World Championships.
Begun in 1968, world championships began as a four-team invitational tournament sponsored by the International Lacrosse Federation.
Until 1986, lacrosse world championships had been contested only by the US, Canada, England, and Australia.
Scotland and Wales had teams competing in the women's edition.
They are now held for lacrosse at senior men, senior women, under 19 men and under 19 women levels.
With the expansion of the game internationally, the 2006 Men's World Championship was contested by 21 countries and the Iroquois Nationals, representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.
They are the only Native American/First Nations team to compete internationally.
The 2009 Women's World Cup was competed for by 16 nations.
In 2003, the first World Indoor Lacrosse Championship was contested by six nations at four sites in Ontario.
Canada won the championship in a final game against the Iroquois Nationals, 21-4.
The 2007 WILC was held in Halifax from May 14–20, and also won by Canada.
Competition included the Iroquois Nationals and teams from Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Ireland, Scotland, and the United States.
The World Lacrosse Championships have been dominated by the United States, particularly in the men's game.
Its only world championship game losses at either level was in the 1978 final and 2006 final, both to Canada.
The USA has won 9 of the 11 senior men's and all six under-19 men's tournaments to date.
In the women's game, Australia has provided stiffer competition, having won 6 of 14 games against the USA at senior world championships, including one draw.
The USA has won 6 of the 8 senior women's, and 2 of the 3 under-19 women's tournaments to date, with the other world championships won by Australia.
The Iroquois Nationals are a team with members representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.
The team was admitted to the International Lacrosse Federation (ILF) in 1990.
It is the only First Nations team sanctioned to compete in any sport internationally.
The Nationals placed fourth in the 1998, 2002 and 2006 World Lacrosse Championships.
In 2008, the Iroquois were admitted as the Haudenosunee Nation to the International Federation of Women's Lacrosse Associations (IFWLA), since merged with the FIL (see below).
Article: Australia
Section: Arts

Question: When and how did the Australian visual arts begin?

Australian visual arts are thought to have begun with the cave paintings, rock engravings and body painting of its Indigenous peoples.
The traditions of Indigenous Australians are largely transmitted orally, through ceremony and the telling of Dreamtime stories.
From the time of European settlement, a theme in Australian art has been the natural landscape, seen for example in the works of Albert Namatjira, Arthur Streeton and others associated with the Heidelberg School, and Arthur Boyd.
The country's landscape remains a source of inspiration for Australian modernist artists; it has been depicted in acclaimed works by the likes of Sidney Nolan, Fred Williams, Sydney Long, and Clifton Pugh.
Australian artists influenced by modern American and European art include cubist Grace Crowley, surrealist James Gleeson, and pop artist Martin Sharp.
Contemporary Indigenous Australian art is the only art movement of international significance to emerge from Australia and "the last great art movement of the 20th century"; its exponents have included Emily Kngwarreye.
Art critic Robert Hughes has written several influential books about Australian history and art, and was described as the "world's most famous art critic" by "The New York Times".
The National Gallery of Australia and state galleries maintain Australian and overseas collections.
Australia has one of the world's highest attendances of art galleries and museums per head of population—far more than Britain or America.
Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the federal government's Australia Council.
There is a symphony orchestra in each state, and a national opera company, Opera Australia, well-known for its famous soprano Joan Sutherland.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Nellie Melba was one of the world's leading opera singers.
Ballet and dance are represented by The Australian Ballet and various state companies.
Each state has a publicly funded theatre company.
Australian literature has also been influenced by the landscape; the works of writers such as Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson, and Dorothea Mackellar captured the experience of the Australian bush.
The character of the nation's colonial past, as represented in early literature, is popular with modern Australians.
In 1973, Patrick White was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first Australian to have achieved this.
Australian winners of the Man Booker Prize have included Peter Carey and Thomas Keneally; David Williamson, David Malouf, and J. M. Coetzee, who recently became an Australian citizen, are also renowned writers, and Les Murray is regarded as "one of the leading poets of his generation".
Article: Coffee
Section: Roasting

Question: Has most coffee been roasted at the time of sale?

The next step in the process is the roasting of the green coffee.
Coffee is usually sold in a roasted state, and with rare exceptions all coffee is roasted before it is consumed.
It can be sold roasted by the supplier, or it can be home roasted.
The roasting process influences the taste of the beverage by changing the coffee seed both physically and chemically.
The seed decreases in weight as moisture is lost and increases in volume, causing it to become less dense.
The density of the seed also influences the strength of the coffee and requirements for packaging.
The actual roasting begins when the temperature inside the seed reaches approximately , though different varieties of seeds differ in moisture and density and therefore roast at different rates.
During roasting, caramelization occurs as intense heat breaks down starches, changing them to simple sugars that begin to brown, which alters the color of the seed.
Sucrose is rapidly lost during the roasting process and may disappear entirely in darker roasts.
During roasting, aromatic oils and acids weaken, changing the flavor; at , other oils start to develop.
One of these oils, caffeol, is created at about , which is largely responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor.
Article: Glad You Came
Section: Background

Question: When did "Glad you Came" premiere on the radio?

The song was written and produced by Steve Mac.
It serves as the second single from The Wanted's second album, "Battleground" which was released on 7 November 2011.
Band member Tom Parker said of the song, "We all felt it was a new, refreshing sound and a perfect song for the summer which really gets you in the mood for a party."
The song premiered on the radio on 24 May 2011.
The song was also remixed by Alex Gaudino.
The American television series "Glee" covered the track in the episode "On My Way", which was aired during the third season.
It was performed at the Regionals competition between New Directions and the Dalton Academy Warblers.
Sebastian (Grant Gustin) leads the performance.
Article: Cold War
Section: Sino-Soviet split, space race, ICBMs

Question: When did the Soviets launch the first Earth satellite?

The period after 1956 was marked by serious setbacks for the Soviet Union, most notably the breakdown of the Sino-Soviet alliance, beginning the Sino-Soviet split.
Mao had defended Stalin when Khrushchev attacked him after his death in 1956, and treated the new Soviet leader as a superficial upstart, accusing him of having lost his revolutionary edge.
For his part, Khrushchev, disturbed by Mao's glib attitude toward nuclear war, referred to the Chinese leader as a "lunatic on a throne".
After this, Khrushchev made many desperate attempts to reconstitute the Sino-Soviet alliance, but Mao considered it useless and denied any proposal.
The Chinese-Soviet animosity spilled out in an intra-communist propaganda war.
Further on, the Soviets focused on a bitter rivalry with Mao's China for leadership of the global communist movement.
On the nuclear weapons front, the United States and the USSR pursued nuclear rearmament and developed long-range weapons with which they could strike the territory of the other.
In August 1957, the Soviets successfully launched the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and in October, launched the first Earth satellite, Sputnik.
The launch of Sputnik inaugurated the Space Race.
This culminated in the Apollo Moon landings, which astronaut Frank Borman later described as "just a battle in the Cold War."
Article: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Section: Architecture

Question: What feat is Calvert Vaux credited for?

After negotiations with the City of New York in 1871, the Met was granted the land between the East Park Drive, Fifth Avenue, and the 79th and 85th Street Transverse Roads in Central Park.
A red-brick and stone "mausoleum" was designed by American architect Calvert Vaux and his collaborator Jacob Wrey Mould.
Vaux's ambitious building was not well received; the building's High Victorian Gothic style being already dated prior to completion, and the president of the Met termed the project "a mistake."
Within 20 years, a new architectural plan engulfing the Vaux building was already being executed.
Since that time, many additions have been made including the distinctive Beaux-Arts Fifth Avenue facade, Great Hall, and Grand Stairway.
These were designed by architect and Met trustee Richard Morris Hunt, but completed by his son, Richard Howland Hunt in 1902 after his father's death.
The wings that completed the Fifth Avenue facade in the 1910s were designed by the firm of McKim, Mead & White.
The modernistic glass sides and rear of the museum are the work of Roche-Dinkeloo.
Kevin Roche has been the architect for the master plan and expansion of the museum for the past 42 years.
He is responsible for designing all of its new wings and renovations including but not limited to the American Wing, Greek and Roman Court, and recently opened Islamic Wing.
As of 2010, the Met measures almost long and with more than of floor space, more than 20 times the size of the original 1880 building.
The museum building is an accretion of over 20 structures, most of which are not visible from the exterior.
The City of New York owns the museum building and contributes utilities, heat, and some of the cost of guardianship.
Article: Doctor Who
Section: Official websites

Question: Which websites have official 50th anniversary Dr.who information?

 Doctor Who 50th Anniversary: Official BBC Worldwide Site – Doctor Who Doctor Who
 BBC: The Changing Face of Doctor Who – many press cuttings and articles from 1963 onwards
 BBC America "Doctor Who" website
 SPACE Channel "Doctor Who" website
Article: Fencing
Section: Other variants

Question: What is similar to wheelchair fencing but for the able bodied?

Other variants include chair fencing, "one-hit épée" (one of the five events which constitute modern pentathlon) and the various types of non-Olympic competitive fencing.
Chair fencing is similar to wheelchair fencing but for the able bodied.
The opponents set up opposing chairs and fence while seated; all the usual rules of fencing are applied.
An example of the latter is the American Fencing League (distinct from the United States Fencing Association): the format of competitions is different and the right of way rules are interpreted in a different way.
In a number of countries, school and university matches deviate slightly from the FIE format.
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Universal Studios Florida

Question: When did the original Universal Studios Florida open?

Theme parks and attractions.
Universal Studios Florida.
This combined film production studio and theme park features is composed of themed areas and attractions based on the film industry.
Visitors enjoy themed dining and shopping, a variety of special events throughout the year, and may even catch an actual film crew at work on the backlot.
The original theme park in the resort, Universal Studios Florida opened on June 7, 1990, as a theme park that lets visitors "Ride the Movies."
The themes of Universal Studio's are targeted at making guests feel like they are in a movie set with rides, shows, and attractions inspired by popular film, television, and music productions.
The park consists of six themed areas – Hollywood, Production Central, New York, San Francisco, World Expo and Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone.
Article: The New Normal (TV series)
Section: Abstract

Question: When was a full season of the New Normal commissioned?

The New Normal (TV series)The New Normal is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 10, 2012 to April 2, 2013.
The series was created and principally written by Ryan Murphy and Ali Adler.
The storyline follows wealthy same-sex couple Bryan (Andrew Rannells) and David (Justin Bartha), who are living in Los Angeles.
Deciding to have a child, they choose a surrogate mother, Goldie Clemmons (Georgia King), who moves into their home with her 9-year-old daughter Shania (Bebe Wood).
The series aired Tuesdays at 9:30 pm Eastern/8:30 pm Central after the new comedy series "Go On", as part of the 2012–13 United States network television schedule.
On October 2, 2012, NBC commissioned a full season of "The New Normal".
"The New Normal" was officially canceled on May 11, 2013.
Article: China
Section: Internationalization of the renminbi

Question: By what year had the Chinese renminbi become the eight-most-traded currency in the world?

In November 2010, Russia began using the Chinese renminbi in its bilateral trade with China.
This was soon followed by Japan, Australia, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.
As a result of the rapid internationalization of the renminbi, it became the eighth-most-traded currency in the world in 2013.