community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Lacrosse
Section: International lacrosse

Question: What organization was the US team admitted to in 1990?

Lacrosse has been played for the most part in Canada and the United States, with small but dedicated lacrosse communities in the United Kingdom and Australia.
Recently, however, lacrosse has begun to flourish at an international level, with teams being established particularly in Europe and east Asia.
With lacrosse not having been an official Olympic sport since 1908, the pinnacle of international lacrosse competition consists of the quadrennial World Championships.
Begun in 1968, world championships began as a four-team invitational tournament sponsored by the International Lacrosse Federation.
Until 1986, lacrosse world championships had been contested only by the US, Canada, England, and Australia.
Scotland and Wales had teams competing in the women's edition.
They are now held for lacrosse at senior men, senior women, under 19 men and under 19 women levels.
With the expansion of the game internationally, the 2006 Men's World Championship was contested by 21 countries and the Iroquois Nationals, representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.
They are the only Native American/First Nations team to compete internationally.
The 2009 Women's World Cup was competed for by 16 nations.
In 2003, the first World Indoor Lacrosse Championship was contested by six nations at four sites in Ontario.
Canada won the championship in a final game against the Iroquois Nationals, 21-4.
The 2007 WILC was held in Halifax from May 14–20, and also won by Canada.
Competition included the Iroquois Nationals and teams from Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Ireland, Scotland, and the United States.
The World Lacrosse Championships have been dominated by the United States, particularly in the men's game.
Its only world championship game losses at either level was in the 1978 final and 2006 final, both to Canada.
The USA has won 9 of the 11 senior men's and all six under-19 men's tournaments to date.
In the women's game, Australia has provided stiffer competition, having won 6 of 14 games against the USA at senior world championships, including one draw.
The USA has won 6 of the 8 senior women's, and 2 of the 3 under-19 women's tournaments to date, with the other world championships won by Australia.
The Iroquois Nationals are a team with members representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.
The team was admitted to the International Lacrosse Federation (ILF) in 1990.
It is the only First Nations team sanctioned to compete in any sport internationally.
The Nationals placed fourth in the 1998, 2002 and 2006 World Lacrosse Championships.
In 2008, the Iroquois were admitted as the Haudenosunee Nation to the International Federation of Women's Lacrosse Associations (IFWLA), since merged with the FIL (see below).
Article: Sinking of the RMS Titanic
Section: Abstract

Question: What was the total amount of people that died when the Titanic sunk?

The sinking of the RMS "Titanic" occurred on the night of 14 April through to the morning of 15 April 1912 in the north Atlantic Ocean, four days into her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.
The largest passenger liner in service at the time, "Titanic" had an estimated 2,224 people on board when she struck an iceberg at 23:40 (ship's time) on Sunday, 14 April 1912.
Her sinking two hours and forty minutes later at 02:20 (05:18 GMT) on Monday, 15 April resulted in the deaths of more than 1,500 people, which made it one of the deadliest peacetime maritime disasters in history.
"Titanic" received six warnings of sea ice on 14 April but was travelling near her maximum speed when her crew sighted the iceberg.
Unable to turn quickly enough, the ship suffered a glancing blow that buckled her starboard (right) side and opened five of her sixteen compartments to the sea.
"Titanic" had been designed to stay afloat with four of her forward compartments flooded but not more, and the crew soon realised that the ship would sink.
They used rocket flares and radio (wireless) messages to attract help as the passengers were put into lifeboats.
However, in accordance with existing maritime practice, the ship was carrying far too few lifeboats for everyone (though slightly more than the law required), and many boats were not filled to their capacity due to a poorly managed evacuation.
The ship sank with over a thousand passengers and crew members still on board.
Almost all those who jumped or fell into the water died from hypothermia within minutes.
RMS "Carpathia" arrived on the scene about an hour and a half after the sinking and had rescued the last of the survivors in the lifeboats by 09:15 on 15 April, little more than 24 hours after "Titanic"s crew had received their first warnings of drifting ice.
The disaster caused widespread public outrage over the lack of lifeboats, lax shipping regulations, and the unequal treatment of the different passenger classes aboard the ship.
Inquiries set up in the wake of the disaster recommended sweeping changes to maritime regulations.
This led to the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), which still governs maritime safety today.
Article: Ice cream
Section: Specialty Job

Question: How is ice cream sold on beaches?

Today, jobs specialize in the selling of ice cream.
The title of a person who works in this speciality is often called an 'ice cream man', however women also specialize in the selling of ice cream.
People in this line of work often sell ice cream on beaches.
On beaches, ice cream is either sold by a person who carries a box full of ice cream and is called over by people who want the purchase ice cream, or by a person who drives up to the top of the beach and rings a bell.
In the second method, people go up to the top of the beach and purchase ice cream straight from the ice cream seller, who is often in an ice cream van.
In Turkey and Australia, ice cream is sometimes sold to beach-goers from small powerboats equipped with chest freezers.
Some ice cream distributors sell ice cream products from traveling refrigerated vans or carts (commonly referred to in the US as "ice cream trucks"), sometimes equipped with speakers playing children's music.
The driver of an ice cream van drives throughout neighborhoods and stops every so often, usually every block.
The ice cream van is usually playing a jingle called "Ice Cream" by Andre Nickatina.
The seller on the ice cream van sells the ice cream through a large window; this window is also where the customer asks for ice cream and pays.
Ice cream vans in the United Kingdom make a music box noise rather than actual music.
Article: How to Survive a Plague
Section: Accolades

Question: What year did this film receive an Attitude Award?

"How to Survive a Plague" received awards for best documentary of 2012 from the Gotham Independent Film Awards and from the Boston Society of Film Critics.
The Independent Spirit Awards nominated it for Best Documentary.
It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in the 85th Academy Awards.
The film also won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Documentary.
It was nominated for a Directors Guild Award and the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.
Critic A. O. Scott of "The New York Times" named "How to Survive a Plague" one of the best five documentaries of 2012.
Fellow "New York Times" critic Stephen Holden called the documentary the eighth best film of 2012.
It also won Documentary of the Year at Attitude magazine's Attitude Awards 2013.
Article: Czech Republic
Section: Transportation infrastructure

Question: Which central and eastern European airport is the busiest?

Václav Havel Airport in Prague is the main international airport in the country.
In 2010, it handled 11.6 million passengers, which makes it the busiest airport in Central and Eastern Europe.
In total, Czech Republic has 46 airports with paved runways, six of which provide international air services in Brno, Karlovy Vary, Mošnov (near Ostrava), Pardubice, Prague and Kunovice (near Uherské Hradiště).České dráhy (the Czech railways) is the main railway operator in the Czech Republic, with about 180 million passengers carried yearly.
Its cargo division, ČD Cargo, is the fifth largest railway cargo operator in the European Union.
With of tracks, the Czech Republic has one of the densest railway networks in Europe.
Of that number, is electrified, are single-line tracks and are double and multiple-line tracks.
In 2006 the new Italian tilting trains Pendolino ČD Class 680 entered service.
They have reached a speed of 237 km/h setting a new Czech railway speed record.
Russia, via pipelines through Ukraine and to a lesser extent, Norway, via pipelines through Germany, supply the Czech Republic with liquid and natural gas.
The road network in the Czech Republic is long.
and 738,4 km of motorways and 439,1 km of expressways.
The speed limit is 50 km/h within towns, 90 km/h outside of towns and 130 km/h on expressways.
Article: Netball
Section: Abstract

Question: How is Netball played?

Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players.
Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s.
By 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women's Basketball (later renamed the International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed.
As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions.
Games are played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings at each end.
Each team attempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court and shooting it through its goal ring.
Players are assigned specific positions, which define their roles within the team and restrict their movement to certain areas of the court.
During general play, a player with the ball can hold onto it for only three seconds before shooting for a goal or passing to another player.
The winning team is the one that scores the most goals.
Netball games are 60 minutes long.
Variations have been developed to increase the game's pace and appeal to a wider audience.
Netball is most popular in Commonwealth nations, specifically in schools, and is predominantly played by women.
According to the INF, netball is played by more than 20 million people in more than 80 countries.
Major transnational competitions take place, including the Netball Superleague in Great Britain and the ANZ Championship in Australia and New Zealand.
Three major competitions take place internationally: the quadrennial World Netball Championships, the Commonwealth Games, and the yearly World Netball Series.
In 1995, netball became an International Olympic Committee recognised sport.
Article: The Amazing Race 21
Section: Leg 8 (Russia)

Question: What did teams perform in front of a judge?

Leg 8 (Russia).
Airdate: November 18, 2012
Moscow (Timiryazev Agricultural Academy – Study Building #6) 
 Moscow (National Hotel )
Moscow (Sokolniki Park – Veranda Tantsev) 
For this leg's Speed Bump, James & Abba had to help a Russian Orthodox priest to get to his church via limousine, however this task was not described by Phil on-air.
In the Leg's Roadblock, one team member was shown a brief slideshow, showing a sample time in Moscow, a map of Russia's nine different time zones with their UTC offsets and Moscow's location highlighted, then multiple instances of the same time zone map without the UTC offsets but with several other Russian cities highlighted.
After the show, they had to fill in the corresponding local time for any five cities within an allotted time period.
If they completed in time and were correct, teams would receive their next clue.
If they were wrong or ran out of time, they had to watch the presentation and do the quiz again.
The Detour for this Leg was a choice between Movers and Shakers.
In Movers, teams had to dress up as Russian soldiers and learn the steps of the Trepak dance.
Teams then performed the dance in front of a judge who would give them their next clue if they performed the dance correctly.
In Shakers, teams went to a party where several impersonators of Russian historical figures were attending.
They had to identify seven specific figures – Catherine the Great, Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky, Leonid Brezhnev, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Peter the Great, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Nicholas II of Russia, and Vladimir Lenin – and fill out a form identifying how many impersonators of each person were present.
If they identified the correct number of impersonators, they would get their next clue from an Alexander Pushkin impersonator.
Article: Eiffel Tower
Section: Wind considerations

Question: What did Eiffel do to deal with the effects of wind?

At the time the tower was built many people were shocked by its daring shape.
Eiffel was accused of trying to create something artistic without regard to engineering.
However, Eiffel and his engineers, as experienced bridge builders, understood the importance of wind forces and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world they had to be certain it would withstand them.
In an interview with the newspaper "Le Temps (Paris)" of 14 February 1887, Eiffel said:Eiffel used empirical and graphical methods accounting for the effects of wind rather than a specific mathematical formula.
Careful examination of the tower shows a basically exponential shape (actually two different exponentials, the lower section overdesigned to ensure resistance to wind forces.
Several mathematical explanations have been proposed over the years for the success of the design; the most recent is described as a nonlinear integral equation based on counterbalancing the wind pressure on any point on the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point.
As proof of the tower's effectiveness in wind resistance, it sways only 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in the wind.
Article: Boxing
Section: Professional vs. amateur boxing

Question: When did amateur boxing become an Olympic sport?

Throughout the 17th through 19th centuries, boxing bouts were motivated by money, as the fighters competed for prize money, promoters controlled the gate, and spectators bet on the result.
The modern Olympic movement revived interest in amateur sports, and amateur boxing became an Olympic sport in 1908.
In their current form, Olympic and other amateur bouts are typically limited to three or four rounds, scoring is computed by points based on the number of clean blows landed, regardless of impact, and fighters wear protective headgear, reducing the number of injuries, knockdowns, and knockouts.
Currently scoring blows in amateur boxing are subjectively counted by ringside judges, but the Australian Institute for Sport has demonstrated a prototype of an Automated Boxing Scoring System, which introduces scoring objectivity, improves safety, and arguably makes the sport more interesting to spectators.
Professional boxing remains by far the most popular form of the sport globally, though amateur boxing is dominant in Cuba and some former Soviet republics.
For most fighters, an amateur career, especially at the Olympics, serves to develop skills and gain experience in preparation for a professional career.
Article: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Section: Construction

Question: When was the largest bell installed?

Construction of the tower occurred in three stages across 199 years.
Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August 14, 1173, during a period of military success and prosperity.
This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals.
The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178.
This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning.
Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence.
This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle.
Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled.
In 1198 clocks were temporarily installed on the third floor of the unfinished construction.
In 1272 construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto.
In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other.
Because of this, the tower is actually curved.
Construction was halted again in 1284, when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria.
The seventh floor was completed in 1319.
It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower.
There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale.
The largest one was installed in 1655.
The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372.
After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening.
These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain.
Article: Andy Warhol
Section: Foundation

Question: Who manages all of Warhol's digital images?

Warhol's will dictated that his entire estate — with the exception of a few modest legacies to family members — would go to create a foundation dedicated to the "advancement of the visual arts".
Warhol had so many possessions that it took Sotheby's nine days to auction his estate after his death; the auction grossed more than US$20 million.
In 1987, in accordance with Warhol's will, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts began.
The foundation serves as the estate of Andy Warhol, but also has a mission "to foster innovative artistic expression and the creative process" and is "focused primarily on supporting work of a challenging and often experimental nature.
"The Artists Rights Society is the U.S. copyright representative for the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts for all Warhol works with the exception of Warhol film stills.
The U.S. copyright representative for Warhol film stills is the Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh.
Additionally, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts has agreements in place for its image archive.
All digital images of Warhol are exclusively managed by Corbis, while all transparency images of Warhol are managed by Art Resource.
The Andy Warhol Foundation released its "20th Anniversary Annual Report" as a three-volume set in 2007: Vol.
I, 1987–2007; Vol.
II, Grants & Exhibitions; and Vol.
III, Legacy Program.
The Foundation remains one of the largest grant-giving organizations for the visual arts in the U.S.
Article: Statue of Liberty
Section: Closures and reopening (2001–present)

Question: What was closed to the people immediately after the Sept. 11 attacks?

Closures and reopening (2001–present).
Following the September 11 attacks, the statue and Liberty Island were immediately closed to the public.
The island reopened at the end of 2001, while the pedestal and statue remained off-limits.
The pedestal reopened in August 2004, but the National Park Service announced that visitors could not safely be given access to the statue due to the difficulty of evacuation in an emergency.
The Park Service adhered to that position through the remainder of the Bush administration.
New York Congressman Anthony Weiner made the statue's reopening a personal crusade.
On May 17, 2009, President Barack Obama's Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar, announced that as a "special gift" to America, the statue would be reopened to the public as of July 4, but that only a limited number of people would be permitted to ascend to the crown each day.
The statue, including the pedestal and base, closed on October 29, 2011 (the day after celebrations to mark the statue's 125th anniversary), for installation of new elevators and staircases, and to bring other facilities, such as restrooms, up to code.
The statue was closed to the public until October 28, 2012.
A day after the reopening, the statue closed again due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy.
Although the storm did not harm the statue, it destroyed some of the infrastructure on both Liberty Island and Ellis Island, severely damaging the dock used by the ferries bearing visitors to the statue.
On November 8, 2012, a Park Service spokesperson announced that both islands would remain closed for an indefinite period for repairs to be done.
Due to lack of electricity on Liberty Island, a generator was installed to power temporary floodlights to illuminate the statue at night.
The superintendent of Statue of Liberty National Monument, David Luchsinger, whose home on the island was severely damaged, stated that it would be "optimistically ... months" before the island was reopened to the public.
The statue and Liberty Island reopened to the public on July 4, 2013, though Ellis Island remains closed.
For part of October 2013, Liberty Island was closed to the public due to the United States federal government shutdown of 2013, along with other publicly funded museums, parks, monuments, construction projects and buildings.
Article: Vitruvian Man
Section: Abstract

Question: On whose work are Leonardo's notes based in The Vitruvian Man?

The Vitruvian Man, , is a drawing created by Leonardo da Vinci circa 1490.
It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the architect Vitruvius.
The drawing, which is in pen and ink on paper, depicts a male figure in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and simultaneously inscribed in a circle and square.
The drawing and text are sometimes called the "Canon of Proportions" or, less often, "Proportions of Man".
It is kept in the Gabinetto dei disegni e stampe of the Gallerie dell'Accademia, in Venice, Italy, under reference 228.
Like most works on paper, it is displayed to the public only occasionally.
The drawing is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise "De Architectura".
Vitruvius described the human figure as being the principal source of proportion among the Classical orders of architecture.
Vitruvius determined that the ideal body should be eight heads high.
Leonardo's drawing is traditionally named in honor of the architect.
Article: High Renaissance
Section: Painting

Question: What was Raphael's piece?

The High Renaissance was traditionally viewed as a great explosion of creative genius, following a model of art history first proposed by the Florentine Giorgio Vasari.
Even relatively minor painters of the period, such as Fra Bartolomeo and Mariotto Albertinelli, produced works that are still lauded for the harmony of their design and their technique.
The elongated proportions and exaggerated poses in the late works of Michelangelo, Andrea del Sarto and Correggio prefigure so-called Mannerism, as the style of the later Renaissance is referred to in art history.
The serene mood and luminous colours of paintings by Giorgione and early Titian exemplify High Renaissance style as practiced in Venice.
Other recognizable pieces of this period include Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" and Raphael's "The School of Athens".
Raphael's fresco, set beneath an arch, is a virtuoso work of perspective, composition and "disegno".
Article: Juice
Section: Abstract

Question: How is juice consumed?

Juice is a liquid that is naturally contained in fruit and vegetables.
It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with these or other biological food sources such as meat and seafood.
It is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods.
Article: Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
Section: Abstract

Question: "Santa Claus is Coming to Town" was written by who?

"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" (also known as "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town") is a Christmas song.
It was written by John Frederick Coots and Haven Gillespie and was first sung on Eddie Cantor's radio show in November 1934.
It became an instant hit with orders for 100,000 copies of sheet music the next day and more than 400,000 copies sold by Christmas.