community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Belgium
Section: Abstract

Question: What are Belgium's two largest regions?

Belgium (; Dutch: "België"; French: "Belgique"; German: "Belgien"), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal monarchy in Western Europe.
It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters as well as those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.
Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 11 million people.
Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community (which constitutes about 59% of the population), and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population (which comprises 41% of all Belgians).
Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers that are officially recognized.
Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia.
The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region.
*A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia.
Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of government.
Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries, which used to cover a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states.
The region was called Belgica in Latin, after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica, which covered more or less the same area.
From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture.
From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers, causing it to be dubbed the "Battlefield of Europe,"*a reputation strengthened by both World Wars.
Upon its independence, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolutionand, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa.
The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Flemish and the Francophones fueled by differences in language and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia.
This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms, a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement, and several governmental crises, the most recent — from 2007 to 2011 — being the longest.
Article: Popcorn
Section: Expansion and yield

Question: How are popcorn varieties broadly categorized?

Popping results are sensitive to the rate at which the kernels are heated.
If heated too quickly, the steam in the outer layers of the kernel can reach high pressures and rupture the hull before the starch in the center of the kernel can fully gelatinize, leading to partially popped kernels with hard centers.
Heating too slowly leads to entirely unpopped kernels: the tip of the kernel, where it attached to the cob, is not entirely moisture-proof, and when heated slowly, the steam can leak out of the tip fast enough to keep the pressure from rising sufficiently to break the hull and cause the pop.
Producers and sellers of popcorn consider two major factors in evaluating the quality of popcorn: what percentage of the kernels will pop, and how much each popped kernel expands.
Expansion is an important factor to both the consumer and vendor.
For the consumer, larger pieces of popcorn tend to be more tender and are associated with higher quality.
For the grower, distributor, and vendor, expansion is closely correlated with profit: vendors such as theaters buy popcorn by weight and sell it by volume.
For both these reasons, higher-expansion popcorn fetches a higher profit per unit weight.
Popcorn will pop when freshly harvested, but not well: its high moisture content leads to poor expansion and chewy pieces of popcorn.
Kernels with a high moisture content are also susceptible to mold when stored.
For these reasons, popcorn growers and distributors dry the kernels until they reach the moisture level at which they expand the most.
This differs by variety and conditions, but is generally in the range of 14–15% moisture by weight.
If the kernels are over-dried, the expansion rate will suffer and the percentage of kernels that pop at all will decline.
When the popcorn has finished popping, sometimes unpopped kernels remain.
Known in the popcorn industry as "old maids", the kernels don't pop because they do not have enough moisture to create enough steam for an explosion.
Rehydrating prior to popping usually results in eliminating the unpopped kernels.
Popcorn varieties are broadly categorized by the shape of the kernels, the color of the kernels, or the shape of the popped corn.
While the kernels may come in a variety of colors, the popped corn is always off-yellow or white as it is only the hull (or pericarp) that is colored.
"Rice" type popcorns have a long kernel pointed at both ends; "pearl" type kernels are rounded at the top.
Commercial popcorn production has moved mostly to pearl types.
Historically, pearl popcorns were usually yellow and rice popcorns usually white.
Today both shapes are available in both colors, as well as others including black, red, and variegated.
Commercial production is dominated by white and yellow.
Article: Scuba diving
Section: Nitrogen narcosis

Question: At the point when does narcosis begin to influence a few jumpers?

Nitrogen narcosis or inert gas narcosis is a reversible alteration in consciousness producing a state similar to alcohol intoxication in divers who breathe high pressure gas at depth.
The mechanism is similar to that of nitrous oxide, or "laughing gas," administered as anesthesia.
Being "narced" can impair judgment and make diving very dangerous.
Narcosis starts to affect some divers at 66 feet (20 m).
At this depth, narcosis manifests itself as a slight giddiness.
The effects increase drastically with the increase in depth.
Almost all divers are able to notice the effects by 132 feet (40 meters).
At these depths divers may feel euphoria, anxiety, loss of coordination and lack of concentration.
At extreme depths, hallucinogenic reaction and tunnel vision can occur.
Jacques Cousteau famously described it as the "rapture of the deep".
Nitrogen narcosis occurs quickly and the symptoms typically disappear during the ascent, so that divers often fail to realize they were ever affected.
It affects individual divers at varying depths and conditions, and can even vary from dive to dive under identical conditions.
However, diving with trimix or heliox dramatically reduces the effects of inert gas narcosis.
Article: Iran
Section: Popular culture and cinema

Question: Name one of the best known directors In Iran

The musical culture of Persia, while distinct, is closely related to other musical systems of the West and Central Asia.
It has also affinities to the music cultures of the Indian subcontinent, to a certain degree even to those of Africa, and, in the period after 1850 particularly, to that of Europe.
Its history can be traced to some extent through these relationships.
Like that of most of the world’s cultures, the music of Persia has depended on oral/aural transmission and learning.
Iranian cinema has thrived in modern Iran, and many Iranian directors have garnered worldwide recognition for their work.
Iranian movies have won over three hundred awards in the past twenty-five years including Oscars.
One of the best-known directors is Abbas Kiarostami.
Article: Electrochemistry
Section: Neutral medium

Question: In Electrochemistry, what procedure is used on a Neutral medium?

The same procedure as used on acid medium is applied, for example on balancing using electron ion method to complete combustion of propane.
"Unbalanced reaction": C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
"Reduction": 4 H+ + O2 + 4 e– → 2 H2O
"Oxidation": 6 H2O + C3H8 → 3 CO2 + 20 e– + 20 H+
As in acid and basic medium, electrons which were used to compensate oxidation changes are multiplied to opposite half reactions, thus solving the equation.
20 H+ + 5 O2 + 20 e– → 10 H2O
6 H2O + C3H8 → 3 CO2 + 20 e– + 20 H+
Equation balanced:
C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Article: The Cabin in the Woods
Section: Production

Question: How much was the production budget for principal photography?

With a production budget of $30 million, principal photography began on March 9, 2009 in Vancouver, and concluded in May 2009.
Joss Whedon co-wrote the script with "Cloverfield" screenwriter Drew Goddard, who also directed the film, marking his directorial debut.
Goddard previously worked with Whedon on "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Angel" as a writer.
In November 2010, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, but the film was still released as one of MGM's last pre-Spyglass films in development.
Whedon described the film as an attempt to revitalize the horror genre which he, along with director/co-writer Goddard, felt had "devolved" with the introduction of "torture porn".
He called it a "loving hate letter" to the genre, continuing:Concerning the sheer number of creatures to be designed and made for the film, AFX Studio's David LeRoy Anderson estimated that "close to a thousand" people were turned into one of around 60 different monster types.
The task necessitated renting a much larger facility to use as a workspace, as a crew of around 60 people were recruited.
The producers told them to commence work on December 15, 2008, ahead of the official January 1, 2009 start date.
They only completed the work by the March 9, 2009 production date because, as Anderson stated "We had nearly seventy people at peak, but in effect we had a hundred and forty people, because everybody had at least two jobs...it was crazy, but people had an incredible time...none of us are ever going to forget it, and we're never all going to be in the same room again.
"The underground complex, elevators, and the control room were all sets, but for several wide shots, the British Columbia Institute of Technology's Aerospace building was used.
Production designer Martin Whist referenced Stanley Kubrick and commented: "It's very high-tech industrial, and it's a brand new building, never been shot in before...I wanted elevators to be without any controls...to almost feel like a glamorized freight elevator...
The lobby I wanted to look slightly utilitarian, contemporary and institutional...sharp and almost characterless."
Goddard called the control room "mission control at NASA", with production design aimed at grounding the room's look in the reality of governments and institutions.
Article: Scuba diving
Section: Scuba diver training and certification

Question: Does the scuba diving have have a regulatory agency?

Recreational scuba diving does not have a centralized certifying or regulatory agency, and is mostly self regulated.
There are, however, several large diving organizations that train and certify divers and dive instructors, and many diving related sales and rental outlets require proof of diver certification from one of these organizations prior to selling or renting certain diving products or services.
Underwater diver training is normally given by a qualified instructor who is a member of one of many diving training agencies or is registered with a government agency.
Basic diver training entails the learning of skills required for the safe conduct of activities in an underwater environment, and includes procedures and skills for the use of diving equipment, safety, emergency self-help and rescue procedures, dive planning, and use of dive tables.
Some of the skills which an entry level diver will normally learn include:
Preparing and dressing in the diving suit
Assembly and pre-dive testing of the scuba set.
Entries and exits
Breathing from the demand valve
Recovering and clearing the demand valve.
Clearing water from the mask.
Buoyancy control using weights and buoyancy compensator
Finning techniques, underwater mobility and maneuvering.
Making safe and controlled descents and ascents.
Equalisation of the ears and other air spaces.
Assisting another diver by providing air from one's own supply, or receiving air supplied by another diver.
How to return to the surface without injury in the event of a breathing supply interruption.
Use of bailout systems (professional divers).
Diving signals used to communicate underwater.
Professional divers will also learn other methods of communication.
Dive management skills such as monitoring depth and time and the breathing gas supply
Buddy diving procedures.
Some knowledge of physiology and the physics of diving is considered necessary by most diver certification agencies, as the diving environment is alien and relatively hostile to humans.
The physics and physiology knowledge required is fairly basic, and helps the diver to understand the effects of the diving environment so that informed acceptance of the associated risks is possible.
The physics mostly relates to gases under pressure, buoyancy, heat loss, and light underwater.
The physiology relates the physics to the effects on the human body, to provide a basic understanding of the causes and risks of barotrauma, decompression sickness, gas toxicity, hypothermia, drowning and sensory variations.
More advanced training often involves first aid and rescue skills, skills related to specialized diving equipment, and underwater work skills.
Article: Let It Be
Section: Abstract

Question: When was the Beatles album "Let It Be" released?

Let It Be is the twelfth and final studio album released by the English rock band the Beatles.
It was released on 8 May 1970 by the band's Apple Records label shortly after the group announced their break-up.
Most of "Let It Be" was recorded in January 1969, before the recording and release of the album "Abbey Road".
For this reason, some critics and fans, such as Mark Lewisohn, argue that "Abbey Road" should be considered the group's final album and "Let It Be" the penultimate.
"Let It Be" was originally intended to be released before "Abbey Road" during mid-1969 as Get Back, but the Beatles were unhappy with this version, which was mixed and compiled by Glyn Johns, and it was temporarily shelved.
A new version of the album was created by Phil Spector in 1970 and finally released as "Let It Be", serving as the album for the 1970 motion picture of the same name.
While three songs from the sessions were released as singles before the album's release, "Get Back"/"Don't Let Me Down" and "Let It Be", the songs were remixed by Spector for the album and "Don't Let Me Down" was not included.
Despite a mixed review from "Rolling Stone" magazine at the time of its release, the album was ranked number 86 in the magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time in 2003.
This was, however, adjusted to #392 in the 2012 version.
"Let It Be... Naked" was released in 2003, an alternative version of the album stripping much of Phil Spector's production work and using some different versions of songs.
Article: Mount Rushmore
Section: Conservation

Question: What year was Mt. Rushmore digitally recorded?

The ongoing conservation of the site is overseen by the US National Park Service.
Physical efforts to conserve the monument have included replacement of the sealant applied originally by Gutzon Borglum, which had proved ineffective at providing water resistance (components include linseed oil, granite dust and white lead).
A modern silicone replacement was used, disguised with granite dust.
In 1998, electronic monitoring devices were installed to track movement in the topology of the sculpture to an accuracy of 3 mm.
The site has been subsequently digitally recorded using a terrestrial laser scanning methodology in 2009 as part of the international Scottish Ten project, providing a record of unprecedented resolution and accuracy to inform the conservation of the site.
This data was made accessible online to be freely used by the wider community to aid further interpretation and public access.
Article: Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)
Section: Provenances

Question: When did the Vincent van Gogh Foundation established?

Two Paris versions Van Gogh exchanged with Gauguin in December 1887 or January 1888 were both sold to Ambroise Vollard: one in January 1895 and the other in April 1896.
The first canvas resided for a short time with Félix Roux, but was reacquired by Vollard and sold to Degas from his estate to Rosenberg, then to Hahnloser and bequested to the Kunstmuseum in Bern.
The second was acquired by the Dutch collector Hoogendijk at the sale of his collection by Kann, who ceded the painting to Richard Bühler and then via Thannhauser to the Metropolitan Museum in New York.
Two of Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" paintings never left the artist's estate: the study for one of the Paris versions (F.377) and the repetition of fourth version (F.458).
Both are in the possession of the Vincent van Gogh Foundation, established 1962 by Vincent Willem van Gogh, the artist's nephew, and on permanent loan to the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam.
Five other versions are recorded in the Van Gogh estate papers:
the final Paris version (F.452) in the artist's estate was sold 1909 via C. M. van Gogh, The Hague (J. H. de Bois) to Kröller-Müller
(F.457) sold 1894 to Emile Schuffenecker.
(Tokyo version).
(F.456) sold 1905 via Paul Cassirer to Hugo von Tschudi.
(Munich version).
(F.459) sold 1908 C. M. van Gogh (J. H. de Bois), The Hague to Fritz Meyer-Fierz, Zürich (destroyed Japan 1945).
(F.454) sold 1924 via Ernest Brown & Phillips (The Leicester Gallery) to the Tate Gallery; since on permanent loan to the National Gallery, London.
(London version).
Two Arles versions left the artist's estate unrecorded:
(F.453) (private collection).
Sold 1891 to Octave Mirbeau, Paris, (via Tanguy, Paris) for £12 (about £1,300 in 2013 £).
Sold 1996 to a private collector for an undisclosed sum.
(F.455) (Philadelphia version).
Article: Track and field
Section: Combined events

Question: How athletes are allocated as per decathlon scoring table for track and field?

Combined (or multi-discipline) events are competitions in which athletes participate in a number of track and field events, earning points for their performance in each event, which adds to a total points score.
Outdoors, the most common combined events are the men's decathlon and the women's heptathlon.
Due to stadium limitations, indoor combined events competition have a reduced number of events, resulting in the men's heptathlon and the women's pentathlon.
Athletes are allocated points based on an international-standard points scoring system, such as the decathlon scoring table.
The Ancient Olympic pentathlon (comprising long jump, javelin, discus, the "stadion" race and wrestling) was a precursor to the track and field combined events and this ancient event was restored at the 1906 Summer Olympics (Intercalated Games).
A men's decathlon was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics, albeit contested between five American and two British athletes.
Article: She Will Be Loved
Section: Abstract

Question: What band sang She Will Be Loved?

"She Will Be Loved" is the third single on the American band Maroon 5's 2002 debut album, "Songs About Jane".
Released in 2004, the single peaked at #5 in the United States, and by December 2012 had sold more than 2,722,000 digital downloads.
It peaked at #4 in the United Kingdom.
In Australia, it reached #1, a position it held for 5 non-consecutive weeks.
The single is noted for its music video starring Kelly Preston.
The song proved as successful as the band's previous hits, "This Love" and "Harder to Breathe", hitting number 1 on the Mainstream Top 40 and Adult Top 40 charts, but it prompted many alternative radio outlets to remove Maroon 5 from their playlists, on the ground that the band's newer songs were too light for alt-rock audiences.
These stations continued to play "Harder to Breathe" and "This Love", but Maroon 5's newer hits were played only on pop and adult contemporary stations.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Europe and Oceania

Question: How many copies did the single "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" sell in the UK as of January 2013?

"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" gave Swift's second top ten hit in the United Kingdom after it debuted at number five, and eventually ascended to number four.
As of January 2013, the single has sold 465,000 copies in the UK.
It charted in United Kingdom for twenty-nine weeks; ten weeks of it is within the top ten.
The single is certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry for downloads exceeding 400,000 copies and ranked as the twenty-sixth best selling single of 2012.
In Ireland, the song jumped at number four on its second week after debuting at number eleven, became Swift's second top ten hit after her 2009 hit "Love Story."
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" also Swift's second top ten hit in Norway after it reached number seven in its third week.
It also appeared in Netherlands at number sixteen, in Spain at number nine.
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" became Swift's sixth top ten hit in Australia after it vaulted from number thirteen to number three in its second week.
It stayed at the top ten for seven weeks and charted for a total of twenty-four weeks.
The single is certified quintuple platinum by Australian Recording Industry Association for the shipment of over 350,000 copies, her highest certified song in the region.
In New Zealand, it debuted at number two, the highest debut of the week, and on its second week it rose to the number-one spot, making it Swift's first single to top the chart.
It stayed at the top ten for nine weeks, charted for a total of nineteen weeks and placed at number nineteen in New Zealand's 2012 year-end chart.
Article: Anatomy
Section: Other branches of anatomy

Question: Why is surface anatomy important to study?

Superficial or surface anatomy is important as the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the exterior contours of the body.
It enables physicians or veterinary surgeons to gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures.
Superficial is a directional term that indicates that structures are located relatively close to the surface of the body.
Comparative anatomy relates to the comparison of anatomical structures (both gross and microscopic) in different animals.
Anthropological anatomy or physical anthropology relates to the comparison of the anatomy of different races of humans.
Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons.
Article: How to Save a Life
Section: Abstract

Question: What was The Frey

How to Save a Life is the debut album by American alternative rock group The Fray.
Released on September 13, 2005 through Epic Records, the record charted in the top 15 on the "Billboard" 200 and was a top ten hit in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the UK.
The first two singles from the album, "Over My Head (Cable Car)" and "How to Save a Life" helped the album become a commercial success and brought the band mainstream popularity.
Critical reception to the album was mixed.
The piano-rock style of the album drew comparisons with British piano-driven bands like Keane and Coldplay.
The album was certified double platinum by the RIAA, and was also certified platinum in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and in the UK.
The album went on to become the best-selling digital album of all time, breaking the record held previously by Coldplay's "X&Y".
It was ranked #21 on "Billboard"'s list of the "Best Digital Albums of the Decade".
Article: Henri Matisse
Section: Books/essays

Question: Who was the publisher of "Chatting with Henri Matisse: The Lost 1941 Interview"?

 Notes of a Painter, 1908
 Painter's Notes on Drawing, 1930.
 "Jazz", 1947
 "Matisse on Art", collected by Jack D. Flam, 1973.
ISBN 0-7148-1518-7
 "Chatting with Henri Matisse: The Lost 1941 Interview", Getty Publications 2013.
ISBN 978-1-60606-128-2