community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Basketball
Section: Abstract

Question: What gives the opposing team a free throw?

Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court.
The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high mounted to a backboard at each end.
Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.
A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play.
A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three-point line, and three points (known commonly as a "3 pointer" or "three") if the player is behind the three-point line.
The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a draw.
The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running or throwing it to a team mate.
It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.
Violations are called "fouls".
A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball.
A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach.
A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team also retains possession of the ball.
As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning).
Typically, the tallest members of a team will play "center", "power forward" or "small forward" positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".
Article: The Invisible War
Section: Members of Congress

Question: Who is Maines representative for the democratic party?

 Chellie Pingree, (D, Maine)
 Louise Slaughter (D, New York)
 Mike Turner (R, Ohio)
 Loretta Sanchez (D, California)
 Jackie Speier (D, California)
 Ted Poe (R, Texas)
 Susan Davis, (D, California)
 Niki Tsongas, (D, Massachusetts)
Article: India
Section: Literature

Question: In what century did Indian writers take a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions?

The earliest literary writings in India, composed between 1400 BCE and 1200 CE, were in the Sanskrit language.
Prominent works of this Sanskrit literature include epics such as the "Mahābhārata" and the "Ramayana", the dramas of Kālidāsa such as the "Abhijñānaśākuntalam" ("The Recognition of Śakuntalā"), and poetry such as the "Mahākāvya".
Kamasutra, the famous book about sexual intercourse also originated in India.
Developed between 600 BCE and 300 CE in South India, the "Sangam" literature, consisting of 2,381 poems, is regarded as a predecessor of Tamil literature.
From the 14th to the 18th centuries, India's literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional poets such as Kabīr, Tulsīdās, and Guru Nānak.
This period was characterised by a varied and wide spectrum of thought and expression; as a consequence, medieval Indian literary works differed significantly from classical traditions.
In the 19th century, Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions.
In the 20th century, Indian literature was influenced by the works of Bengali poet and novelist Rabindranath Tagore.
Article: Dissolution of the Monasteries
Section: Ireland

Question: In 1530, how many religious houses were in Ireland?

The dissolutions in Ireland followed a very different course from those in England and Wales.
There were around 400 religious houses in Ireland in 1530—many more, relative to population and material wealth than in England and Wales.
In marked distinction to the situation in England, in Ireland the houses of friars had flourished in the 15th century, attracting popular support and financial endowments, undertaking many ambitious building schemes, and maintaining a regular conventual and spiritual life.
They constituted around half of the total number of religious houses.
Irish monasteries, by contrast, had experienced a catastrophic decline in numbers, such that by the 16th century only a minority maintained the daily observance of the Divine Office.
Henry's direct authority, as Lord of Ireland and from 1541 as King of Ireland, only extended to the area of the Pale immediately around Dublin.
Outside this area, he could only proceed by tactical agreement with clan chiefs and local lords.
Nevertheless, Henry was determined to carry through a policy of dissolution in Ireland—and in 1537 introduced legislation into the Irish Parliament to legalise the closure of monasteries.
The process faced considerable opposition, and only sixteen houses were suppressed.
Henry remained resolute however, and from 1541 as part of the Tudor conquest of Ireland he continued to press for the area of successful dissolution to be extended.
For the most part, this involved making deals with local lords, under which monastic property was granted away in exchange for allegiance to the new Irish Crown; and consequently Henry acquired little if any of the wealth of the Irish houses.
By the time of Henry's death (1547) around half of the Irish houses had been suppressed; but many continued to resist dissolution until well into the reign of Elizabeth I, and some houses in the West of Ireland remained active until the early 17th century.
In 1649, Oliver Cromwell led a Parliamentary army seeking to subjugate Ireland, and systematically sought out and destroyed former monastic houses.
Subsequently, however, sympathetic landowners housed monks or friars close to several ruined religious houses, allowing them a continued covert existence during the 17th and 18th centuries, subject to the dangers of discovery and legal ejection or imprisonment.
Article: Gossip Girl
Section: Development

Question: What books inspired the traits of all the characters?

The "Gossip Girl" book series was originally supposed to be adapted into a film starring Lindsay Lohan with head "Gilmore Girls" creator Amy Sherman-Palladino.
When the film project did not get off the ground, Stephanie Savage and Josh Schwartz took over the project to create a television series.
As of October 2006, Schwartz was working on the pilot.
He said: "I was very skeptical.
I don't want to do "The O.C.
NYC".
But I thought the books were smart.
The characters are worldly in a way that Orange County kids aren't."
The characteristics for each character in the pilot were based on the first "Gossip Girl" book.
In January 2007, the show was given the green light by The CW.
Article: Prison Break
Section: Awards and nominations

Question: When was Knepper nominated for the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Rolein a Series?

Following a successful airing of the series' first thirteen episodes, "Prison Break" was nominated for its first award, the 2005 People's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama.
The series won the award in January 2006, beating other nominees in the same category, "Commander in Chief" and "Criminal Minds".
In January 2006, the show had two nominations at the 63rd Golden Globe Awards, which were Best Drama Television Series and Best Actor in a Drama Television Series for Wentworth Miller's performance.
The show's lead actor, Wentworth Miller, received another nomination for his performance in the first season at the 2005 Saturn Awards for Best Actor on Television.
Likewise, the series was nominated for 2005 Saturn Award for Best Network Television Series.
At the 2006 Television Critics Association Awards, the show was nominated for Best New Drama Series.
Nominations for technical awards include the 2006 Eddie Award for Best Edited One-Hour Series for Commercial Television (Mark Helfrich for the pilot episode), and the 2006 Primetime Emmy award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music (Ramin Djawadi).
In December 2006, Robert Knepper was nominated for the 2006 Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television.
Article: SeaWorld
Section: Drive hunt captures

Question: Does SeaWorld collect dolphins from the wild currently?

In response to criticism leveled at SeaWorld and other marine parks by the award-winning documentary film "The Cove" which accuses them of obtaining dolphins obtained in drive hunts, SeaWorld spokesperson Fred Jacobs stated that, "We think we're being unfairly criticized for something we're opposed to."
He adds that, "SeaWorld opposes the dolphin hunts documented in "The Cove".
We do not purchase any animals from these hunts.
More than 80 percent of the marine mammals in our care were born in our parks.
We haven't collected a dolphin from the wild in decades."
Since 1993 there have been no permits issued to facilities in the United States to import dolphins acquired through drive hunt methods.
Marilee Menard, the executive director of the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums, has also stated that she believes that "The Cove" filmmakers are "misrepresenting that the majority of zoos and aquariums with dolphins around the world are taking these animals."
Article: What Makes You Beautiful
Section: Music video

Question: In the second verse, who performs One Direction's bridge solo?

The music video for "What Makes You Beautiful" was directed by John Urbano.
Filmed for two days in July 2011, it premiered on 19 August 2011.
On each of the five days preceding the video's premiere, One Direction posted a teaser trailer of the video online.
Each teaser showed footage from the video and behind the scenes, and one member of the band announcing how many days were left until the video premiere.
The video opens with One Direction spending time on a Malibu, California beach inter cut with scenes of them driving an orange campervan.
During the second verse, a group of three girls joins the band at the beach; in Styles' bridge solo, he intimately sings to one girl individually.
During the final choruses the band and girls are shown sitting around a fire, lighting sparklers and taking photographs.
On video sharing website MUZU TV, the video was the fourth most-watched music video of 2011 in the UK.
The video won two MTV Video Music Awards for Best Pop Video and Most Share-Worthy Video, and earned the group the award for Best New Artist on 6 September 2012.
As of March 2014, the music video has garnered almost 500 million Vevo views.
In 2012, a blogger at BuzzFeed noticed similarities between the video and pop punk band Blink-182's video for "All the Small Things" — the video was filmed on Santa Monica Beach and is shot from the same camera angle as in "What Makes You Beautiful", leading media outlets to joke that the band parodied One Direction eleven years prior to their formation.
Article: Parks and Recreation
Section: Season 4

Question: Did Ben and Leslie end their relationship first or did Leslie become Ben's campaign manager first?

With Ben's encouragement, Leslie decides to run for city council, and the two end their relationship.
Leslie hires Andy as her assistant.
Patricia Clarkson appears as Ron's first ex-wife, "Tammy One", who uses her power as an IRS employee to trick Ron into thinking he's being audited and temporarily takes complete control over his life.
Tom and Jean-Ralphio's company, Entertainment 720, quickly blows through massive amounts of promotional funding while performing little actual work; the company goes out of business and Tom returns to his old job.
After struggling to move on both personally and professionally, Ben and Leslie get back together, and Ben sacrifices his job to save Leslie from losing hers.
The scandal leads her political advisors to abandon Leslie's campaign, and the Parks Department volunteers to become her new campaign staff.
Ben agrees to be Leslie's campaign manager.
Leslie's ex-boyfriend Dave (Louis C.K.)
reappears and unsuccessfully attempts to win Leslie back.
Leslie's campaign faces myriad setbacks against her main opponent, Bobby Newport (Paul Rudd), and his famous campaign manager Jennifer Barkley (Kathryn Hahn).
Ann and Tom begin an extremely rocky romantic relationship.
April takes on more responsibility in the department, shouldering much of Leslie's usual work.
In the season finale, Jennifer offers Ben a job in Washington, which he reluctantly accepts, and after the race is initially called for Newport, Leslie wins the position in a recount.
Article: Amélie
Section: Production

Question: Who did Jeunet want to play Amelie originally?

In his DVD commentary, Jeunet explains that he originally wrote the role of Amélie for the English actress Emily Watson; in the original draft, Amélie's father was an Englishman living in London.
However, Watson's French was not strong, and when she became unavailable to shoot the film, owing to a conflict with the filming of "Gosford Park", Jeunet rewrote the screenplay for a French actress.
Audrey Tautou was the first actress he auditioned having seen her on the poster for "Venus Beauty Institute".
The movie was filmed mainly in Paris.
The Café des 2 Moulins (15 Rue Lepic, Montmartre, Paris) where Amélie works is a real place.
The filmmakers made use of computer-generated imagery and a digital intermediate.
The studio scenes were filmed in the Coloneum Studio in Cologne (Germany).
The film shares many of the themes in the plot with second half of the 1994 film "Chungking Express".
Article: Fruit
Section: Safety

Question: What should happen to fruits or vegetables that have come in contact with raw meat?

For food safety, the CDC recommends proper fruit handling and preparation to reduce the risk of food contamination and foodborne illness.
Fresh fruits and vegetables should be carefully selected.
At the store, they should not be damaged or bruised and pre-cut pieces should be refrigerated or surrounded by ice.
All fruits and vegetables should be rinsed before eating.
This recommendation also applies to produce with rinds or skins that are not eaten.
It should be done just before preparing or eating to avoid premature spoilage.
Fruits and vegetables should be kept separate from raw foods like meat, poultry, and seafood, as well as utensils that have come in contact with raw foods.
Fruits and vegetables, if they are not going to be cooked, should be thrown away if they have touched raw meat, poultry, seafood or eggs.
All cut, peeled, or cooked fruits and vegetables should be refrigerated within two hours.
After a certain time, harmful bacteria may grow on them and increase the risk of foodborne illness.
Article: Evolution
Section: Biased mutation

Question: What types of mutation are usually selected against?

In addition to being a major source of variation, mutation may also function as a mechanism of evolution when there are different probabilities at the molecular level for different mutations to occur, a process known as mutation bias.
If two genotypes, for example one with the nucleotide G and another with the nucleotide A in the same position, have the same fitness, but mutation from G to A happens more often than mutation from A to G, then genotypes with A will tend to evolve.
Different insertion vs. deletion mutation biases in different taxa can lead to the evolution of different genome sizes.
Developmental or mutational biases have also been observed in morphological evolution.
For example, according to the phenotype-first theory of evolution, mutations can eventually cause the genetic assimilation of traits that were previously induced by the environment.
Mutation bias effects are superimposed on other processes.
If selection would favor either one out of two mutations, but there is no extra advantage to having both, then the mutation that occurs the most frequently is the one that is most likely to become fixed in a population.
Mutations leading to the loss of function of a gene are much more common than mutations that produce a new, fully functional gene.
Most loss of function mutations are selected against.
But when selection is weak, mutation bias towards loss of function can affect evolution.
For example, pigments are no longer useful when animals live in the darkness of caves, and tend to be lost.
This kind of loss of function can occur because of mutation bias, and/or because the function had a cost, and once the benefit of the function disappeared, natural selection leads to the loss.
Loss of sporulation ability in a bacterium during laboratory evolution appears to have been caused by mutation bias, rather than natural selection against the cost of maintaining sporulation ability.
When there is no selection for loss of function, the speed at which loss evolves depends more on the mutation rate than it does on the effective population size, indicating that it is driven more by mutation bias than by genetic drift.
Article: Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)
Section: Description

Question: What are the years Salvador Dali was active in?

This is a painting made with oil on canvas that is located in the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
Dalí painted it in 1936, but there were studies found of it that dated back to 1934.
It is a picture of a geometric monster type creature and connected to a similar monster.
The two creatures appear to be two parts of the same creature so that it appears to be wrestling itself.
All over the background and on parts of the monster are boiled beans that look as though they are melting.
The monster stands on trees and a brown wooden box.
The background is a blue sky with clouds, that are darker in some parts and lighter in others.
Article: The Matrix
Section: Sound effects and music

Question: Who composed "The Matrix's" score?

Dane A. Davis was responsible for creating the sound effects for the film.
The fight scenes sound effects, such as the whipping sounds of punches, came from using junk to create noises and capturing them, then editing the sounds.
The sound of the pod containing a human baby closing required almost fifty sounds put together.
The film's score was composed by Don Davis.
He noted that mirrors appear frequently in the film: reflections of the blue and red pills are seen in Morpheus's glasses; Neo's capture by Agents is viewed through the rear-view mirror of Trinity's Triumph Speed Triple motorcycle; Neo observes a broken mirror mending itself; reflections warp as a spoon is bent; the reflection of a helicopter is visible as it approaches a skyscraper.
Davis focused on this theme of reflections when creating his score, alternating between sections of the orchestra and attempting to incorporate contrapuntal ideas.
Davis' score combines orchestral, choral and synthesizer elements; the balance between these elements varies depending on whether humans or machines are the dominant subject of a given scene.
In addition to Davis' score, "The Matrix" soundtrack also features music from acts such as Rammstein, Rob Dougan, Rage Against the Machine, Propellerheads, Ministry, Deftones, Monster Magnet, The Prodigy, Rob Zombie, Meat Beat Manifesto, and Marilyn Manson.
Article: Call Me Maybe
Section: Composition

Question: What is Carly Rae Jespen's vocal range?

Melody Lau of "Rolling Stone" wrote that "Call Me Maybe" is a "Taylor Swift meets Robyn" song.
Jon O'Brien of Allmusic stated that the songs of "Curiosity" recall the bubblegum pop era of Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, and added that "Call Me Maybe" is a combination of teen pop and synthpop with "a chorus that just about straddles that fine line between sugary sweet and sickly."
Tiffany Lee of Yahoo!
Music deemed it as an instant summer hit, and added that "Call Me Maybe" has "a good beat, great melody and catchy lyrics; something you and your friends can belt out in the car while driving to the beach, a party, and pretty much anywhere."
Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" wrote that the song is "breezy and sweet, an eyelash-fluttering flirtation run hard through the Disney-pop model of digitized feelings and brusque, chipper arrangements.
"According to Musicnotes.com, "Call Me Maybe" is written in the key of G major with a moderate tempo of 120 beats per minute.
Jepsen's vocals span from G3 to C5, and the song follows a key progression of Cmaj7–G/D–Cmaj7–G/D.
Article: The Terminator
Section: Reception

Question: How was The Terminator reviewed by AllMusic?

Online music database AllMusic praised the score of the film, referring to it as "underrated highlight" of "The Terminator" and referred to it as a "marvelous synthesizer score".
The review stated that the second half of the album featuring the pop songs was "generic".
The review praised the "Definitive Edition" version of the album which featured the entire film score, opining that it "comprises some of the best science fiction-oriented film music of recent decades."
Article: Space Needle
Section: In culture

Question: How many total pieces are included in the Space Needle Lego Set?

Being a major symbol of the Pacific Northwest, the Space Needle has made numerous appearances in films, TV shows and other works of fiction.
A few examples of films include "It Happened at the World's Fair" (1962), where it was used as a filming location, and "Sleepless in Seattle" (1993).
In the 1974 film "The Parallax View", the inside and outside platforms of the observation deck are the setting for a political assassination, and there's a brief chase on the roof above it.
In the 1999 film "", it served as a base of operations for the villain Doctor Evil with the word Starbucks written across its saucer after his henchman Number 2 shifted the organization's resources toward the coffee company.
It is also featured prominently in "Chronicle" (2012), and is a key element in the film's climax.
In TV shows, one of the most prominent showings is in the series "Frasier" where an outline of it appears in the opening credits and the base of it is visible from the high-rise condo although the view is really a composite image as there are no high rise condos in the right area of that height.
It also appears in nearly every episode of the Seattle-set series "Grey's Anatomy", often in helicopter fly-by shots.
The Space Needle also makes appearances in Nickelodeon TV show "iCarly" where it can be seen with other surrounding buildings in the Seattle area.
Other TV appearances include The History Channel's "Life After People" where it collapses after 200 years because of corrosion.
It was also destroyed in the TV miniseries "10.5" when a 7.9 earthquake hits Seattle.
The movie mistakenly portrays the Needle as crumbling concrete, though the structure is actually made of iron and it would have survived a 7.9 earthquake in real life.
The needle is also featured in some episodes of "Bill Nye the Science Guy", such as the episode "Storms" where Bill Nye uses the lightning rod on top of it as an example of conducting lightning strikes.
It also appears many times as a refuge for the hero of "Dark Angel".
In video games, it has been used to represent Seattle in "Pilotwings 64" and "Rock Band" and it appears in the Seattle Circuit reverse of "Gran Turismo 4".
The Space Needle and the area around it also appear in the last campaign mission of "World in Conflict" as the site of the Soviet invasion force's last stand.
The Space Needle is in the map "Seattle" of Godzilla: Saves the Earth, for the original Xbox.
The Space Needle has been used for some other purposes as well, including a large 57 piece Lego construction set of it that has been released as part of Lego Architecture's structures.
The Needle is also featured on the logo of the Major League Soccer team Seattle Sounders FC.
The Space Needle is featured in "."