community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Sushi
Section: Neta

Question: What do Japanese call yellowtail

For culinary, sanitary, and aesthetic reasons, the minimum quality and freshness of fish to be eaten raw must be superior to that of fish which is to be cooked.
Sushi chefs are trained to recognize important attributes, including smell, color, firmness, and freedom from parasites that may go undetected in commercial inspection.
Commonly used fish are tuna ("maguro, shiro-maguro"), Japanese amberjack, yellowtail ("hamachi"), snapper ("kurodai"), mackerel ("saba"), and salmon ("sake").
The most valued sushi ingredient is "toro," the fatty cut of the fish.
This comes in a variety of "ōtoro" (often from the bluefin species of tuna) and "chūtoro", meaning "middle toro", implying that it is halfway into the fattiness between "toro" and the regular cut.
"Aburi" style refers to "nigiri" sushi where the fish is partially grilled (topside) and partially raw.
Most nigiri sushi will be completely raw.
Other seafoods such as squid ("ika"), eel ("anago" and "unagi"), pike conger ("hamo"), octopus ("tako"), shrimp ("ebi" and "amaebi"), clam ("mirugai", "aoyagi" and "akagai"), fish roe ("ikura", "masago", "kazunoko" and "tobiko"), sea urchin ("uni"), crab ("kani"), and various kinds of shellfish (abalone, prawn, scallop) are the most popular seafoods in sushi.
Oysters, however, are less common, as the taste is not thought to go well with the rice.
"Kani kama", or imitation crab stick, is commonly substituted for real crab, most notably in California rolls.
Pickled daikon radish ("takuan") in "shinko maki", pickled vegetables ("tsukemono"), fermented soybeans ("nattō") in "nattō maki", avocado, cucumber in "kappa maki", asparagus, yam, pickled ume ("umeboshi"), gourd ("kanpyō"), burdock ("gobo"), and sweet corn (possibly mixed with mayonnaise) are also used in sushi.
Tofu and eggs (in the form of slightly sweet, layered omelette called "tamagoyaki" and raw quail eggs ride as a "gunkan-maki" topping) are common.
Article: Stonehenge
Section: Neopaganism

Question: When was the date of the Battle of the Beanfield?

Throughout the 20th century, Stonehenge began to be revived as a place of religious significance, this time by adherents of Neopagan and New Age beliefs, particularly the Neo-druids.
The historian Ronald Hutton would later remark that "it was a great, and potentially uncomfortable, irony that modern Druids had arrived at Stonehenge just as archaeologists were evicting the ancient Druids from it."
The first such Neo-druidic group to make use of the megalithic monument was the Ancient Order of Druids, who performed a mass initiation ceremony there in August 1905, in which they admitted 259 new members into their organisation.
This assembly was largely ridiculed in the press, who mocked the fact that the Neo-druids were dressed up in costumes consisting of white robes and fake beards.
Between 1972 and 1984, Stonehenge was the site of the Stonehenge Free Festival.
After the Battle of the Beanfield in 1985, this use of the site was stopped for several years and ritual use of Stonehenge is now heavily restricted.
Some Druids have arranged an assembling of monuments styled on Stonehenge in other parts of the world.
Article: Wakeboarding
Section: Fins and placement

Question: What does placing the fins closer to the centre of the wakeboard do?

The closer the fins are placed towards the centre of the wakeboard, the quicker and better the wakeboard releases from the wake.
The farther out towards the tip and tail they are placed, the longer the wakeboard will stay hooked into the wake and it won’t release as well.
Long based finsTheir effect is almost the same as a short fin with a long base because they have a similar amount of surface area.
Long-based fins release better, give the wakeboard a loose, snowboard-like feel when riding flat through the water, and they hold up better on rails and ramps.
Moulded finsThese are just big channels in the board that act like fins and hold up on rails and ramps.
Moulded fins are slippery, but most boards have a removable centre fin.
Multi-finned set-upsThese capture the maximum edge hold and aggressiveness into the wake and through the wake.
Canted side finsThese are fins that lean out on an angle.
These fins are not as active when the wakeboard is riding flat through the water, but the more the rider leans on edge, the more the wakeboard hooks up.
The inside fin digs while the outside lifts, creating leverage to help the wakeboard edge hard.
Great for 50-50 grinds, nose presses and tail presses.
Cupped side finsThey have the same effect as canted fins but add more of a push-pull effect.
The cupped fin allows for the use of a smaller fin but still gets the hold of a bigger fin due to the increased surface area of the cupped side of the fin.
These fins are very deceiving – they look small and loose but really aren’t.
No FinsSome riders prefer to ride finless, as some boards are specifically designed for cable parks or other uses, some uses of which can benefit from a finless design.
Article: Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Section: Georgia – massacre in Tbilisi

Question: Which event radicalised George politics?

On April 7, 1989 troops and armored personnel carriers were sent onto the streets of Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people gathered in front of the Government and Communist Party headquarters, many with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and urging the full integration into Georgia of the autonomous region of Abkhazia.
On 9 April 9, 1989 at least sixteen people were killed and more than 200 wounded when troops attacked the peaceful demonstrators.
This event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule.
On 14 April 1989 Gorbachev removed Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party for his poor handling of the April events and replaced him with the former Georgian KGB chief Givi Gumbaridze.
On July 16, 1989 in Sukhumi capital of Abkhazia a protest against the opening of a Georgian university branch in the town led to violence that quickly degenerated into a large-scale inter-ethnic confrontation in which 18 died and hundreds were injured before Soviet troops restored order.
This riot marked the start of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict.
Article: Karate
Section: Canada

Question: What was the date of Masaru Shintani's death?

 and its influence outside Japan.
Karate began in Canada in the 1930s and 1940s as Japanese people immigrated to the country.
Karate was practised quietly without a large amount of organization.
During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadian families were moved to the interior of British Columbia.
Masaru Shintani, at the age of 13, began to study Shorin-Ryu karate in the Japanese camp under Kitigawa.
In 1956 after 9 years of training with Kitigawa, Shintani travelled to Japan and met Hironori Otsuka (Wado Ryu).
In 1958 Otsuka invited Shintani to join his organization Wado Kai, and in 1969 he asked Shintani to officially call his style Wado.
In Canada during this same time, karate was also introduced by Masami Tsuruoka who had studied in Japan in the 1940s under Tsuyoshi Chitose.
In 1954 Tsuruoka initiated the first karate competition in Canada and laid the foundation for the National Karate Association.
In the late 1950s Shintani moved to Ontario and began teaching karate and judo at the Japanese Cultural Centre in Hamilton.
In 1966 he began (with Otsuka's endorsement) the Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation.
During the 1970s Otsuka appointed Shintani the Supreme Instructor of Wado Kai in North America.
In 1979, Otsuka publicly promoted Shintani to hachidan (8th dan) and privately gave him a kudan certificate (9th dan), which was revealed by Shintani in 1995.
Shintani and Otsuka visited each other in Japan and Canada several times, the last time in 1980 two years prior to Otsuka's death.
Shintani died May 7, 2000.
Article: Rules of Engagement (TV series)
Section: DVD releases

Question: In which regions was season one released on April 4, 2011?

Sony Pictures Home Entertainment owns the rights to release DVDs in Region 1.
The fifth season of the series was made available beginning February 7, 2012, exclusively as a made-on-demand release from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, in conjunction with amazon.com.
Similarly, the sixth season received a MOD release from online retailers, on October 2, 2012.
Paramount Pictures, in conjunction with CBS Home Entertainment, will start releasing the series on DVD internationally in 2011.
Season One was released in the UK (Region 2 DVD) on April 4, 2011.
Note: Following the events of Charlie Sheen’s departure from "Two and a Half Men", CBS ordered an additional two episodes for "Rules of Engagement"’s fifth season, bringing the total number of episodes to 26 from the initial 24 ordered.
Despite the episodes, "Scavenger Hunt" and "Cheating," airing during the sixth season, they were originally produced for the fifth season, and are included in the fifth season collection.
Therefore, the sixth season’s DVD release features the 13 episodes produced over that time period, versus the 15 that were broadcast by CBS.
Article: Gilmore Girls
Section: Awards and nominations

Question: Did Gilmore girls recieve an AFIA award?

"Gilmore Girls" received an American Film Institute Award and two Viewers For Quality Television Awards, and was named New Program of the Year by the Television Critics Association.
The show won an Emmy for its only nomination: 2004's Outstanding Makeup for a Series for the episode "The Festival of Living Art".
The show's actors have received many awards for their work on the series.
Graham won two Family Television Awards, and she won Teen Choice Award for Best TV Mom twice.
Alexis Bledel won a Young Artist Award and a Family Television Award.
The series also won a Family Television Award for New Series, and was named Best Family TV Drama Series by the Young Artist Awards.
Article: The Vampire Diaries
Section: Spin-off

Question: When was the "The Originals" premiere?

Former president of entertainment at The CW, Dawn Ostroff, mentioned a spin-off idea in 2010 that she said could happen in a few years.
A spin-off was in development for the 2011 fall line-up but, due to Kevin Williamson's commitment to "The Secret Circle", it was put on hold indefinitely.
On January 11, 2013, it was announced that a back-door pilot focused on the Originals, starring Joseph Morgan as Klaus titled "The Originals" would air on 25 April for a potential series pick-up for the 2013–2014 season.
This second spin-off attempt was carried out by Julie Plec with no involvement by Kevin Williamson.
On April 26, 2013, The CW announced that "The Originals" had been ordered to series to premiere in the 2013–14 television season.
"The Originals" premiered on October 3, 2013.
Daniel Gillies as Elijah, Claire Holt as Rebekah and Phoebe Tonkin as Hayley will also continue to play their characters, originally from "The Vampire Diaries", in the new spin-off series.
Article: Electron
Section: Other applications

Question: What does FEL stand for?

In the free-electron laser (FEL), a relativistic electron beam passes through a pair of undulators that contain arrays of dipole magnets whose fields point in alternating directions.
The electrons emit synchrotron radiation that coherently interacts with the same electrons to strongly amplify the radiation field at the resonance frequency.
FEL can emit a coherent high-brilliance electromagnetic radiation with a wide range of frequencies, from microwaves to soft X-rays.
These devices may find manufacturing, communication and various medical applications, such as soft tissue surgery.
Electrons are important in cathode ray tubes, which have been extensively used as display devices in laboratory instruments, computer monitors and television sets.
In a photomultiplier tube, every photon striking the photocathode initiates an avalanche of electrons that produces a detectable current pulse.
Vacuum tubes use the flow of electrons to manipulate electrical signals, and they played a critical role in the development of electronics technology.
However, they have been largely supplanted by solid-state devices such as the transistor.
Article: Counting Stars
Section: Music video

Question: When was the music video for Counting Stars filmed?

The music video was filmed on May 10, 2013, in New Orleans, Louisiana, and premiered on May 31, 2013.
The video features the band performing the song in a gloomy basement surrounded by hanging light bulbs – which is interspersed with scenes of several people in a Christian revival service.
At the end of the video, one of the people in the service falls through the floor, coming through the ceiling of the room the band is performing in.
The video also shows clips of an alligator crawling through the basement.
Article: Operation Barbarossa
Section: Aftermath

Question: To who did the Germans surrender on May 8th 1945?

With the failure of the Battle of Moscow, all German plans of a quick defeat of the Soviet Union had to be revised.
The Soviet counteroffensives in the winter of 1941 caused heavy casualties on both sides, but ultimately eliminated the German threat to Moscow.
Nevertheless, despite this setback, the Soviet Union had suffered heavily from the loss of large parts of its army, allowing the Germans to mount another large-scale offensive in the summer of 1942, called Case Blue, now directed towards the oil fields of Baku.
This offensive failed just as "Barbarossa" had: the Germans again conquered vast amounts of no-mans-land, but they had again failed to achieve their ultimate goals when they were defeated at Stalingrad.
By then, the Soviet war economy was fully operational, so the Soviet Union was able to simply outproduce the Germans, who were not prepared for a long war of attrition.
As a result, the Germans' last all-out offensive in 1943 at the battle of Kursk failed.
After three years of constant warfare, the Germans were exhausted; thus the Soviets were finally able to defeat the Germans decisively in Operation "Bagration" during the summer of 1944.
This led to a chain of Soviet victories which pushed the Germans back to Berlin in just one year, leading to the surrender of Germany on 8 May 1945.
Article: Bathsheba
Section: Bathsheba at her Bath

Question: Who watches Bathsheba bath?

 at her Bath.
Bathsheba at her Bath is the formal name for the subject in art showing Bathsheba bathing, watched by King David.
As an opportunity to feature a large female nude as the focus of a history painting, the subject was popular from the Renaissance onwards.
Sometimes Bathsheba's maids, or the "messengers" sent by David are shown, and often a distant David watching from his roof.
The messengers are sometimes confused with David himself, but most artists follow the Bible in keeping David at a distance in this episode.
Paintings with articles include: 
Bathsheba at Her Bath (Rembrandt), Louvre, the most famous painting of the subject.
Bathsheba at her Bath (Veronese), 1575, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, France.
Atypically, Bathsheba is clothed in this.
Article: Fajita
Section: Abstract

Question: What type of cuisine are fajitas?

A fajita (; ) is a term found in Tex-Mex cuisine, commonly referring to any grilled meat usually served as a taco on a flour or corn tortilla.
The term originally referred to the cut of beef used in the dish which is known as skirt steak.
Popular meats today also include chicken, pork, shrimp, and all cuts of beef.
In restaurants, the meat is often cooked with onions and bell peppers.
Popular condiments are shredded lettuce, sour cream, guacamole, salsa, pico de gallo, cheese, and tomato.
The northern Mexican variant of the dish name is Arrachera.
Article: Association football
Section: Governing bodies

Question: The FIFA headquarters are in what location?

The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer) is FIFA.
The FIFA headquarters are located in Zurich.
Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:
 Asia: Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
 Africa: Confederation of African Football (CAF)
 Europe: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)
 North/Central America & Caribbean: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)
 Oceania: Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)
 South America: Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol/Confederação Sul-americana de Futebol (South American Football Confederation; CONMEBOL)
National associations oversee football within individual countries.
These are generally synonymous with sovereign states, (for example: the Fédération Camerounaise de Football in Cameroon) but also include a smaller number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example the Scottish Football Association in Scotland).
208 national associations are affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.
While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the International Football Association Board, where each of the UK Associations has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.
Article: The Motto
Section: Remixes and freestyles

Question: How many remixes and freestyles are listed in this exercise?

Tom Reid Mix Freestyle
Big Bizzy Barney Beats
 Drake, featuring Lil Wayne & Tyga (Official remix)
 YG, Nipsey Hussle and Snoop Dogg
 Nelly (Released through the Mixtape O.E.MO)
 Jeremih
 Mario
 Young Jeezy and Freddie Gibbs
 Wale and Meek Mill
 Wiz Khalifa, Juicy J, Berner
 Nekfeu, Alpha Wann, Sneazzy West (1995) (France)
Article: Louisiana Purchase
Section: Nature of sale

Question: Which Supreme Court case focuses on the Louisiana Purchase?

The historian James Loewen is among those who assert that the United States purchased only France's claim to the Louisiana Territory, as the land belonged to the tribes who inhabited the area.
In his view, the US acquired the lands slowly throughout the nineteenth century by purchases from individual Native American tribes and by wars against them.
The question is discussed at length in the article on Aboriginal title in the United States, as well as in articles on the American Indian Wars and the U.S. Supreme Court case "Johnson v. M'Intosh".
Article: Football
Section: Based on FA rules

Question: Are three sided footballs used?

 Cubbies
 Three sided football
 Triskelion
Article: Evolution
Section: Applications

Question: What did the Mexican Tetra lose during it's evolution?

Concepts and models used in evolutionary biology, such as natural selection, have many applications.
Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms.
This has been used for thousands of years in the domestication of plants and animals.
More recently, such selection has become a vital part of genetic engineering, with selectable markers such as antibiotic resistance genes being used to manipulate DNA.
Proteins with valuable properties have evolved by repeated rounds of mutation and selection (for example modified enzymes and new antibodies) in a process called directed evolution.
Understanding the changes that have occurred during organism's evolution can reveal the genes needed to construct parts of the body, genes which may be involved in human genetic disorders.
For example, the mexican tetra is an albino cavefish that lost its eyesight during evolution.
Breeding together different populations of this blind fish produced some offspring with functional eyes, since different mutations had occurred in the isolated populations that had evolved in different caves.
This helped identify genes required for vision and pigmentation.
Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable of evolution.
Viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancers evolve to be resistant to host immune defences, as well as pharmaceutical drugs.
These same problems occur in agriculture with pesticide and herbicide resistance.
It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics and predicting the evolution and evolvability of our pathogens and devising strategies to slow or circumvent it is requiring deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level.
In computer science, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithms and artificial life started in the 1960s and was extended with simulation of artificial selection.
Artificial evolution became a widely recognised optimisation method as a result of the work of Ingo Rechenberg in the 1960s.
He used evolution strategies to solve complex engineering problems.
Genetic algorithms in particular became popular through the writing of John Holland.
Practical applications also include automatic evolution of computer programmes.
Evolutionary algorithms are now used to solve multi-dimensional problems more efficiently than software produced by human designers and also to optimise the design of systems.
Article: Electromagnetism
Section: Classical electrodynamics

Question: When was it proposed that electricity and magnetism were distinct effects by scientists William Gilbert?

The scientist William Gilbert proposed, in his "De Magnete" (1600), that electricity and magnetism, while both capable of causing attraction and repulsion of objects, were distinct effects.
Mariners had noticed that lightning strikes had the ability to disturb a compass needle, but the link between lightning and electricity was not confirmed until Benjamin Franklin's proposed experiments in 1752.
One of the first to discover and publish a link between man-made electric current and magnetism was Romagnosi, who in 1802 noticed that connecting a wire across a voltaic pile deflected a nearby compass needle.
However, the effect did not become widely known until 1820, when Ørsted performed a similar experiment.
Ørsted's work influenced Ampère to produce a theory of electromagnetism that set the subject on a mathematical foundation.
A theory of electromagnetism, known as classical electromagnetism, was developed by various physicists over the course of the 19th century, culminating in the work of James Clerk Maxwell, who unified the preceding developments into a single theory and discovered the electromagnetic nature of light.
In classical electromagnetism, the electromagnetic field obeys a set of equations known as Maxwell's equations, and the electromagnetic force is given by the Lorentz force law.
One of the peculiarities of classical electromagnetism is that it is difficult to reconcile with classical mechanics, but it is compatible with special relativity.
According to Maxwell's equations, the speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant, dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space.
This violates Galilean invariance, a long-standing cornerstone of classical mechanics.
One way to reconcile the two theories (electromagnetism and classical mechanics) is to assume the existence of a luminiferous aether through which the light propagates.
However, subsequent experimental efforts failed to detect the presence of the aether.
After important contributions of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré, in 1905, Albert Einstein solved the problem with the introduction of special relativity, which replaces classical kinematics with a new theory of kinematics that is compatible with classical electromagnetism.
(For more information, see History of special relativity.
)In addition, relativity theory shows that in moving frames of reference a magnetic field transforms to a field with a nonzero electric component and vice versa; thus firmly showing that they are two sides of the same coin, and thus the term "electromagnetism".
(For more information, see Classical electromagnetism and special relativity and Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism.