community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Payphone (song)
Section: Background

Question: Who wrote the song "Payphone"?

The song was written by Maroon 5's lead singer Adam Levine, along with Ammar Malik, Robopop, Benny Blanco, Shellback, and Wiz Khalifa, while production was helmed by Blanco and Shellback.
Levine, Blanco, Shellback, and Malik also wrote the band's previous single "Moves Like Jagger".
The writing process started when Blanco, Robopop, and Malik convened together in the studio; Malik and Robopop constructed a piano line and demo track that Blanco compiled into a proper melody.
Then, it was given to Levine who wrote the lyrics.
Meanwhile, Blanco recalled rapper Wiz Khalifa with an idea to throw a wrench into the Maroon 5 works by adding hip-hop flavor to the its sound, "I love when things don't make sense, like, 'Holy fuck!'
You don't hear him on the song at all.
I like when bands dip into a whole different genre."
Wiz Khalifa wrote and rapped his verse on "Payphone".
In an interview with "Rolling Stone", Blanco told that five minutes before Khalifa arrived at the studio, he prepared "the sound beds for the finger snap-driven portion of the jam".
However, producer Max Martin, who was the executive producer of "Overexposed", adjusted the chorus, because he felt it should be a "little different".
"Payphone" was recorded at Conway Studios in Los Angeles by Noah "Mailbox" Pasovoy and Shellback, while Eric Eylands served as the assistant engineer.
John Hanes mixed the song at Mixstar Studios in Virginia Beach and Phil Seaford was the mixing assistant.
The programming, additional bass, keys, acoustic guitars and the background vocals were provided by Shellback and Blanco.
Jeremy "Jbogs" Levin and David "D Silb" Silberstein served as production coordinators.
Khalifa appears as courtesy of Rostrum Records.
"Payphone" was released as a lead single from "Overexposed".
On April 17, 2012, it was digitally released in most territories.
A&M/Octone Records serviced the song to contemporary hit radio in the United States on April 24.
A CD single containing the album version of the song together with a Thomas Penton/Barry Huffine remix was released on June 8 in Germany.
Article: Wushu (sport)
Section: Other taolu routines

Question: What is the English transliteration of 醉酒拳?

The majority of routines used in the sport are new, modernized recompilations of traditional routines.
However, routines taken directly from traditional styles, including the styles that are not part of standard events, may be performed in competition, especially in China.
These routines generally do not garner as many points as their modern counterparts, and are performed in events separate from the compulsory routine events.
Among these, the more commonly seen routines include:
Baguazhang (八卦掌) – Eight-Trigrams Palm
Bajiquan (八極拳) – Eight Extremes Fist/Boxing
Chaquan (查拳) – Cha Fist/Boxing
Changquan (长拳) – Long fist
Chuojiao (戳腳) – Poking Feet
Ditangquan (地躺拳) – Ground-Prone Fist/Boxing
Fanziquan (翻子拳) – Tumbling Fist/Boxing
Houquan (猴拳) – Monkey Fist/Boxing
Huaquan (華拳) – Hua Fist/Boxing
Nanquan (南拳) – Southern Fist
Paochui (炮捶) – Cannon Punch
Piguaquan (劈掛拳) – Chop-Hitch Fist/Boxing
Shequan (蛇拳) – Snake Fist/Boxing
Tantui (弹腿) – Spring Leg
Tanglanquan (螳螂拳) – Praying Mantis Fist/Boxing
Tongbeiquan (通背拳) – Through-the-Back Fist/Boxing
Wing Chun (Yongchunquan) – Eternal Spring
Xingyiquan (形意拳) – Shape-Intent Fist/Boxing
Yingzhuaquan (鷹爪拳) – Eagle Claw Fist/Boxing
Zuiquan (醉酒拳) – Drunken Fist/Boxing
Article: Disney California Adventure
Section: Buena Vista Street

Question: When was Buena Vista street open to the public?

Buena Vista Street is the first "themed district" inside the main entrance of California Adventure Park, taking its name from the Burbank street on which the Walt Disney Studios are located.
Guests enter through the main entrance gate, which resembles the landmark Pan-Pacific Auditorium.
Buena Vista Street includes an immersive recreation of early 1920s Los Angeles when Walt Disney first arrived with Mission and Art Deco facades housing shops and restaurants.
A recreation of Carthay Circle Theater, which showcased the world premiere of "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in 1937 sits at the end of the street, serving as the visual anchor for the district.
The narrow gauge Red Car Trolley travels from the entry, up Buena Vista Street to Carthay Circle, then down Hollywood Boulevard towards the Tower of Terror.
Buena Vista Street was opened to the public on June 15, 2012.
Article: Aurora
Section: On other planets

Question: Which planets have aurooras been observed on?

[[Image:Saturns Northern Aurora still.jpg|thumb|An aurora high above the northern part of Saturn; image taken by the Cassini spacecraft,a movie (click on image), shows images from 81 hours of observations of Saturn's aurora]]Both Jupiter and Saturn have magnetic fields much stronger than Earth's (Jupiter's equatorial field strength is 4.3 gauss, compared to 0.3 gauss for Earth), and both have large radiation belts.
Auroras have been observed on both, most clearly with the Hubble Space Telescope.
Uranus and Neptune have also been observed to have auroras.
The auroras on the gas giants seem, like Earth's, to be powered by the solar wind.
In addition, however, Jupiter's moons, especially Io, are powerful sources of auroras on Jupiter.
These arise from electric currents along field lines ("field aligned currents"), generated by a dynamo mechanism due to the relative motion between the rotating planet and the moving moon.
Io, which has active volcanism and an ionosphere, is a particularly strong source, and its currents also generate radio emissions, studied since 1955.
Auroras also have been observed on the surfaces of Io, Europa, and Ganymede, using the Hubble Space Telescope.
These auroras have also been observed on Venus and Mars.
Because Venus has no intrinsic (planetary) magnetic field, Venusian auroras appear as bright and diffuse patches of varying shape and intensity, sometimes distributed across the full planetary disc.
Venusian auroras are produced by the impact of electrons originating from the solar wind and precipitating in the night-side atmosphere.
An aurora was also detected on Mars, on 14 August 2004, by the SPICAM instrument aboard Mars Express.
The aurora was located at Terra Cimmeria, in the region of 177° East, 52° South.
The total size of the emission region was about 30 km across, and possibly about 8 km high.
By analyzing a map of crustal magnetic anomalies compiled with data from Mars Global Surveyor, scientists observed that the region of the emissions corresponded to an area where the strongest magnetic field is localized.
This correlation indicates that the origin of the light emission was a flux of electrons moving along the crust magnetic lines and exciting the upper atmosphere of Mars.
Article: Sweden
Section: Holidays

Question: What is the day of giver-of-light Saint Lucia?

Apart from traditional Protestant Christian holidays, Sweden also celebrates some unique holidays, some of a pre-Christian tradition.
They include Midsummer celebrating the summer solstice; Walpurgis Night ("Valborgsmässoafton") on 30 April lighting bonfires; and Labour Day or Mayday on 1 May is dedicated to socialist demonstrations.
The day of giver-of-light Saint Lucia, 13 December, is widely acknowledged in elaborate celebrations which betoken its Italian origin and commence the month-long Christmas season.6 June is the National Day of Sweden and has since 2005 been a public holiday.
Furthermore, there are official flag day observances and a Namesdays in Sweden calendar.
In August many Swedes have "kräftskivor" (crayfish dinner parties).
Martin of Tours Eve is celebrated in Scania in November with "Mårten Gås" parties, where roast goose and "svartsoppa" ('black soup', made of goose stock, fruit, spices, spirits and goose blood) are served.
The Sami, one of Sweden's indigenous minorities, have their holiday on 6 February and Scania celebrate their Scanian Flag day on the third Sunday in July.
Article: Dexter (TV series)
Section: U.S. broadcast

Question: Which company protested "Dexter" reruns on CBS?

Criticism.U.S.
When U.S. network CBS publicly announced in December 2007 that it was considering "Dexter" for broadcast reruns, the Parents Television Council (PTC) protested the decision.
When the network began posting promotional videos of the rebroadcast on YouTube on January 29, 2008, PTC president Timothy F. Winter, in a formal press release, again called for CBS to not broadcast the show on broadcast television, saying that it "should remain on a premium subscription cable network" because "the series compels viewers to empathize with a serial killer, to root for him to prevail, to hope he doesn't get discovered."
Winter called on the public to demand that local affiliates preempt "Dexter", and warned advertisers that the PTC would take action against any affiliates that sponsored the show.
Following Winter's press release, CBS added parental advisory notices to its broadcast promotions and ultimately rated "Dexter" TV-14 for broadcast.
The show premiered on February 17, 2008, edited primarily for language and scenes containing sex or the dismemberment of live victims.
The PTC later objected to CBS' broadcasting of the final two episodes of the first season in a two-hour block, in addition to objections over the starting times of the episodes, which was as early as 8 p.m. in some time zones.
Article: Chemotherapy
Section: Antibody-drug conjugates

Question: Which two medications are twain in late clinical trials?

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise an antibody, drug and a linker between them.
The antibody will be targeted at a preferentially expressed protein in the tumour cells (known as a tumor antigen) or on cells that the tumor can utilise, such as blood vessel endothelial cells.
They bind to the tumor antigen and are internalised, where the linker releases the drug into the cell.
These specially targeted delivery vehicles vary in their stability, selectivity, and choice of target, but, in essence, they all aim to increase the maximum effective dose that can be delivered to the tumor cells.
Reduced systemic toxicity means that they can also be used in sicker patients, and that they can carry new chemotherapeutic agents that would have been far too toxic to deliver via traditional systemic approaches.
The first approved drug of this type was gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), released by Wyeth (now Pfizer).
The drug was approved to treat acute myeloid leukemia, but has now been withdrawn from the market because the drug did not meet efficacy targets in further clinical trials.
Two other drugs, trastuzumab emtansine and brentuximab vedotin, are both in late clinical trials, and the latter has been granted accelerated approval for the treatment of refractory Hodgkins lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Article: DNA
Section: Sense and antisense

Question: How do DNA sequences work in bacteria?

A DNA sequence is called "sense" if its sequence is the same as that of a messenger RNA copy that is translated into protein.
The sequence on the opposite strand is called the "antisense" sequence.
Both sense and antisense sequences can exist on different parts of the same strand of DNA (i.e.
both strands can contain both sense and antisense sequences).
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, antisense RNA sequences are produced, but the functions of these RNAs are not entirely clear.
One proposal is that antisense RNAs are involved in regulating gene expression through RNA-RNA base pairing.
A few DNA sequences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and more in plasmids and viruses, blur the distinction between sense and antisense strands by having overlapping genes.
In these cases, some DNA sequences do double duty, encoding one protein when read along one strand, and a second protein when read in the opposite direction along the other strand.
In bacteria, this overlap may be involved in the regulation of gene transcription, while in viruses, overlapping genes increase the amount of information that can be encoded within the small viral genome.
Article: Rice
Section: Nutrients and the nutritional importance of rice

Question: What rices have been found to inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development?

Nutrition and health.
Nutrients and the nutritional importance of rice.
Rice is the staple food of over half the world's population.
It is the predominant dietary energy source for 17 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 9 countries in North and South America and 8 countries in Africa.
Rice provides 20% of the world’s dietary energy supply, while wheat supplies 19% and maize (corn) 5%.
A detailed analysis of nutrient content of rice suggests that the nutrition value of rice varies based on a number of factors.
It depends on the strain of rice, that is between white, brown, black, red and purple varieties of rice – each prevalent in different parts of the world.
It also depends on nutrient quality of the soil rice is grown in, whether and how the rice is polished or processed, the manner it is enriched, and how it is prepared before consumption.
An illustrative comparison between white and brown rice of protein quality, mineral and vitamin quality, carbohydrate and fat quality suggests that neither is a complete nutrition source.
Between the two, there is a significant difference in fiber content and minor differences in other nutrients.
Brilliantly colored rice strains, such as purple rice, derive their color from anthocyanins and tocols.
Scientific studies suggest that these color pigments have antioxidant properties that may be useful to human health.
In purple rice bran, hydrophilic antioxidants are in greater quantity and have higher free radical scavenging activity than lipophilic antioxidants.
Anthocyanins and γ-tocols in purple rice are largely located in the inner portion of purple rice bran.
Comparative nutrition studies on red, black and white varieties of rice suggest that pigments in red and black rice varieties may offer nutritional benefits.
Red or black rice consumption was found to reduce or retard the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development, induced by dietary cholesterol, in mammals.
White rice consumption offered no similar benefits, and the study claims this to be due to absent antioxidants in red and black varieties of rice.
Article: The Lord of the Rings
Section: Themes

Question: When was the Lord of The Rings published?

Although "The Lord of the Rings" was published in the 1950s, Tolkien insisted that the One Ring was not an allegory for the Atomic Bomb, nor were his works a strict allegory of any kind, but were open to interpretation as the reader saw fit.
A few critics have found what they consider to be racial elements in the story, generally based upon their views of how Tolkien's imagery depicts good and evil, characters' race (e.g.
Elf, Dwarf, Hobbit, Southron, Númenórean, Orc); and that the character's race is seen as determining their behaviour.
Counter-arguments note that race-focused critiques often omit relevant textual evidence to the contrary, cite imagery from adaptations rather than the work itself; ignore the absence of evidence of racist attitudes or events in the author's personal life and claim that the perception of racism is itself a marginal view.
Critics have also seen social class rather than race as being the determinant factor for the portrayal of good and evil.
Commentators such as science fiction author David Brin have interpreted the work to hold unquestioning devotion to a traditional elitist social structure.
In his essay "Epic Pooh", science fiction and fantasy author Michael Moorcock critiques the world-view displayed by the book as deeply conservative, in both the 'paternalism' of the narrative voice and the power-structures in the narrative.
Tom Shippey cites the origin of this portrayal of evil as a reflection of the prejudices of European middle-classes during the inter-war years towards the industrial working class.
Other observers have cited Christian and Catholic themes in "The Lord of the Rings".
The book has been read as fitting the model of Joseph Campbell's "monomyth".
Article: Grey's Anatomy
Section: Conception

Question: The Grey's Anatomy Show was removed for a tenth season on what date?

Shonda Rhimes, the series' creator, wanted to make a show that she would enjoy watching, and thought it would be interesting to create a show about "smart women competing against one another".
When asked how she decided to develop a medical drama, Rhimes responded: The series was pitched to the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), who gave the green light, and the show was picked up as a mid-season replacement for "Boston Legal" in the 2005 television season.
Francie Calfo, executive vice president of development at ABC Entertainment, commented that ABC was looking for a medical show that was unlike the others airing at the time.
She pointed out that “shows are hard, and it was hard trying to figure out where ours could be different.
But where everybody else is speeding up their medical shows, [Rhimes found a way to slow it down, so you get to know the characters.
There's definitely a strong female appeal to it.
"Rhimes initially conceived "Grey's Anatomy" as a statement against racism.
She endeavored to create a show that featured a racially diverse cast that allowed viewers to relate to characters regardless of race.
While creating characters, as well as writing the first script, the series' writers had no character descriptions in mind, and hoped to cast the best actor available for each part.
Rhimes has explained that if the network did not allow her to create characters this way, she would have been hesitant about moving forward with the series.
Female roles in particular were developed as multi-faceted characters.
Rhimes offered her insight on this: "I wanted to create a world in which you felt as if you were watching very real women.
Most of the women I saw on TV didn't seem like people I actually knew.
They felt like ideas of what women are.
They never got to be nasty or competitive or hungry or angry.
They were often just the loving wife or the nice friend.
But who gets to be the bitch?
Who gets to be the three-dimensional woman?
"The series debuted on March 25, 2005 and was scheduled to run in the "Boston Legal" time slot for four weeks.
However, high ratings and viewership led to it holding onto the slot for the remainder of the season.
ABC Entertainment President, Steve McPherson, commented on the scheduling change: "Ultimately we decided that, without having adequate lead time or marketing dollars to devote to moving either show so late in the season, we'd continue to let ["Grey's Anatomy"] build on its tremendous momentum through May."
The show's title, "Grey's Anatomy", was devised as a play on words: a reference to both Henry Gray's medical textbook, "Gray's Anatomy", and the title character Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo).
Prior to broadcast, it was announced that the show's title would change from "Grey's Anatomy" to "Complications", although ultimately this did not come to pass.
The show was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013.
Article: China
Section: Ethnic groups

Question: How many ethnic groups make up china?

China officially recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups, the largest ofwhich are the Han Chinese, who constitute about 91.51% of the totalpopulation.
The Han Chinese – the world's largest single ethnic group – outnumber other ethnic groups in every provincial-level division except Tibet and Xinjiang.
Ethnic minorities account for about 8.49% of the population of China, according tothe 2010 census.
Compared with the 2000 population census, the Han population increased by 66,537,177 persons, or 5.74%, while the population of the 55 national minorities combined increased by 7,362,627 persons, or 6.92%.
The 2010 census recorded a total of 593,832 foreign citizens living in China.
The largest such groups were from South Korea (120,750), theUnited States (71,493) and Japan (66,159).
Article: Wake in Fright
Section: Production

Question: Who wrote the 1961 novel on which the film "Wake in Fright" was based?

A film version of "Wake in Fright", based on the 1961 novel by Kenneth Cook, was linked with the actor Dirk Bogarde and the director Joseph Losey as early as 1963.
Morris West later secured the film rights and tried, unsuccessfully, to raise funding for the film's production.
The rights were eventually bought by NLT and Group W. and Canadian director Ted Kotcheff was recruited to direct the film.
At the time of production, Kotcheff had directed two films, "Tiara Tahiti" (1962) and "Two Men Sharing" (1969).
After "Wake in Fright", Kotcheff would continue to have a successful career as a director.
His later films included "The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz" (1973), "Fun with Dick and Jane" (1977), "First Blood" (1982) and "Weekend at Bernie's" (1988).
The shooting of "Wake in Fright" began in Australia in January 1970 at Broken Hill, New South Wales (the area which had inspired Cook for the setting of his novel), with interiors shot the next month at Ajax Studios in the Sydney beach-side suburb of Bondi.
It was the last film to feature the veteran character actor Chips Rafferty, who died of a heart attack prior to "Wake in Fright"s release, and the first film with Jack Thompson, the future Australian cinema star, among its cast members.
Coincidentally, Rafferty (real name John William Pilbean Goffage) had been born in Broken Hill, the film's stand-in for "The Yabba", in 1909.
Article: DNA
Section: Information storage

Question: Which year was previous experiment in DNA published in?

In a paper published in Nature in January, 2013, scientists from the European Bioinformatics Institute and Agilent Technologies proposed a mechanism to use DNA's ability to code information as a means of digital data storage.
The group was able to encode 739 kilobytes of data into DNA code, synthesize the actual DNA, then sequence the DNA and decode the information back to its original form, with a reported 100% accuracy.
The encoded information consisted of text files and audio files.
A prior experiment was published in August 2012.
It was conducted by researchers at Harvard University, where the text of a 54,000-word book was encoded in DNA.