community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: World War II
Section: Home fronts and production

Question: In 1938, at the outbreak of World War II, which had a larger population, the Western Allies (United Kingdom, France, Poland and British Dominions) or the European Axis (Germany and Italy)

In Europe, before the outbreak of the war, the Allies had significant advantages in both population and economics.
In 1938, the Western Allies (United Kingdom, France, Poland and British Dominions) had a 30 percent larger population and a 30 percent higher gross domestic product than the European Axis (Germany and Italy); if colonies are included, it then gives the Allies more than a 5:1 advantage in population and nearly 2:1 advantage in GDP.
In Asia at the same time, China had roughly six times the population of Japan, but only an 89 percent higher GDP; this is reduced to three times the population and only a 38 percent higher GDP if Japanese colonies are included.
Though the Allies' economic and population advantages were largely mitigated during the initial rapid blitzkrieg attacks of Germany and Japan, they became the decisive factor by 1942, after the United States and Soviet Union joined the Allies, as the war largely settled into one of attrition.
While the Allies' ability to out-produce the Axis is often attributed to the Allies having more access to natural resources, other factors, such as Germany and Japan's reluctance to employ women in the labour force, Allied strategic bombing, and Germany's late shift to a war economy contributed significantly.
Additionally, neither Germany nor Japan planned to fight a protracted war, and were not equipped to do so.
To improve their production, Germany and Japan used millions of slave labourers; Germany used about 12 million people, mostly from Eastern Europe, while Japan pressed more than 18 million people in Far East Asia.
Article: Rules of Engagement (TV series)
Section: History

Question: When did the final episode of "Rules of Engagement" air?

The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night, the first of seven episodes in its first season.
The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the show.
The series was renewed for a second season which began as a midseason replacement for "The New Adventures of Old Christine" on Monday, September 24, 2007, with production halted after nine episodes on November 6, 2007, in the wake of a writers' strike.
After the strike ended, CBS announced that the show would return April 14, 2008, with a further six episodes.
Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010.
On May 18, 2010, it was announced that CBS had renewed "Rules of Engagement" for a 5th season.
It was later announced that this season would start in September, in contrast to its usual midseason start, and received an expanded 24-episode order.
(The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full-season order.)
The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights, usually in the 8:30 pm Eastern/7:30 pm Central time slot following "How I Met Your Mother".
Then on February 24, 2011, the series moved to Thursdays at 8:30 pm Eastern/7:30 pm Central, following "The Big Bang Theory", after the cancellation of "$h*!
My Dad Says".
On May 17, 2011, the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011.
One day later, CBS announced that "Rules of Engagement" would move to Saturday nights at 8:00 pm Eastern/7:00 pm Central as part of the network's new "Comedytime Saturday" block; the first time in six years that an original CBS program would air on that night.
It also marked the fourth night that the series would air on, with it previously airing on Mondays, Wednesdays (two airings), and Thursdays.
On October 7, 2011, however, it was announced that "Rules of Engagement" would move back to its 8:30PM EST Thursday timeslot following "The Big Bang Theory", replacing new sitcom "How to Be a Gentleman" which was moved to the new Saturday time slot.
Effective January 12, 2012, CBS removed "Rules of Engagement" from its Thursday lineup, replacing it with the new sitcom "Rob" starring Rob Schneider.
"Rules" would return to its Thursday 8:30 PM time slot on March 29, after "Rob" had finished airing its 8-episode order, resulting in a total of 15 episodes in season 6.
On May 21, 2012, CBS renewed "Rules of Engagement" for a seventh season of 13 episodes to air mid-season, bringing the total number of produced episodes to 100.
Season 7 began airing on Mondays at 8:30, starting February 4, 2013.
On May 10, 2013, "Rules of Engagement" was cancelled by CBS after seven seasons and 100 episodes.
The series finale episode aired on May 20, 2013.
Article: Napoleonic Wars
Section: War between Britain and France, 1803–1814

Question: The Pennisular War took place on what date?

Unlike its many coalition partners, Britain remained at war throughout the period of the Napoleonic Wars.
Protected by naval supremacy (in the words of Admiral Jervis to the House of Lords "I do not say, my Lords, that the French will not come.
I say only they will not come by sea"), Britain maintained low-intensity land warfare on a global scale for over a decade.
The British government paid out large sums of money to other European states, so that they could pay armies in the field against France.
These payments are colloquially known as the Golden Cavalry of St George.
The British Army provided long-term support to the Spanish rebellion in the Peninsular War of 1808–1814, assisted by Spanish guerrilla ('little war') tactics.
Anglo-Portuguese forces under Arthur Wellesley supported the Spanish, which campaigned successfully against the French armies, eventually driving them from Spain, thus allowing Britain to invade southern France.
By 1815, the British Army played the central role in the final defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.
In 1802, Napoleon victoriously brought to an end the War of the Second Coalition, with only Great Britain remaining formally at war.
Isolated, Britain reluctantly agreed to end hostilities under the Treaty of Amiens (25 March 1802).
Bonaparte tried to exploit the brief peace at sea to restore French colonial rule in Haiti.
The expedition, though initially successful, would soon turn to a disaster, with the French commander Charles Leclerc, dying of yellow fever and almost his entire force destroyed by the disease.
Napoleon gave up his New World dreams and sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803.
Great Britain violated the terms of the Treaty of Amiens by occupying Malta and gathered a Third Coalition against France.
The French intervention in the Swiss civil strife, a breach of the Treaty of Lunéville (1801) between France and the Holy Roman Empire which guaranteed Swiss sovereignty, was taken as a pretext by the British to break the peace of Amiens and declare war on France on 18 May 1803.
The Coalition's war aims changed over the course of the conflict: a general desire to restore the French monarchy became closely linked to the struggle to stop Bonaparte.
Beyond minor naval actions against British imperial interests, the Napoleonic Wars were much less global in scope than preceding conflicts such as Seven Years' War, which historians term a "world war".
Article: Yogurt
Section: Nutritional value and health benefits

Question: How much fat is in yogurt?

Yogurt is nutritionally rich in protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.
It has nutritional benefits beyond those of milk.
Lactose-intolerant individuals can sometimes tolerate yogurt better than other dairy products, because the lactose in the milk is converted to glucose and galactose, and partially fermented to lactic acid, by the bacterial culture.
Yogurt containing live cultures has been found effective in a randomized trial at preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Yogurt contains varying amounts of fat.
There is non-fat (0% fat), low-fat (usually 2% fat) and plain or whole milk yogurt (4% fat).
A study published in the "International Journal of Obesity" (11 January 2005) also found that the consumption of low-fat yogurt can promote weight loss, relative to a gelatin placebo.
Yogurt is a valuable health food for both infants and elderly persons.
For children, it is a balanced source of protein, fats, carbohydrates, and minerals.
For senior citizens, who usually have more sensitive colons or whose intestines have run out of lactase, yogurt is also a valuable food.
Elderly intestines showed declining levels of bifidus bacteria, which allow the growth of toxin-producing and, perhaps, cancer-causing bacteria.
Yogurt may help prevent osteoporosis, reduce the risk of high blood pressure.
Yogurt with active cultures helps the gut, may discourage vaginal infections, and may help one feel fuller.
The "yogurt defense" was made famous by the trial of Carol Downer, one of the developers of menstrual extraction.
She was arrested at her self-help group and charged with practicing medicine without a license, as she inserted yogurt into the vagina of another woman to treat a yeast condition.
Carol Downer was acquitted; the jury did not equate inserting yogurt with practicing medicine.
Article: Sausage
Section: Casings

Question: What were sausage casings made from originally?

Traditionally, sausage casings were made of the cleaned intestines, or stomachs in the case of haggis and other traditional puddings.
Today, however, natural casings are often replaced by collagen, cellulose, or even plastic casings, especially in the case of industrially manufactured sausages.
Some forms of sausage, such as sliced sausage, are prepared without a casing.
Additionally, luncheon meat and sausage meat are now available without casings in tin cans and jars.
Article: Olympic weightlifting
Section: Equipment

Question: What does the raised heel help with?

Olympic weightlifting uses a steel bar with rotating sleeves (also known as a barbell) which hold rubber-coated discs of different weights.
The weight plates, typically referred to as "bumper plates" because of their rubber design, weigh between 0.5kg and 25kg.
These plates are secured to the bar using collars on each sleeve that weigh exactly 2.5kg each.
Lifters typically wear a one-piece, close-fitting leotard often called a singlet.
The wearing of a t-shirt underneath the singlet is optional.
A weightlifting belt of 120mm maximum width may also be worn to provide lower back support.
Perhaps the piece of equipment most peculiar to Olympic weightlifting are the shoes worn by lifters.
Weightlifting shoes are typically designed with a raised heel of 0.5" to 1.5" and one or two metatarsal straps that tighten across the instep of the shoe.
The shoes are designed for maximum stability while remaining flexible in the toebox.
This allows the lifter to come up on their toes and catch the weight on the ball of their back foot during the "jerk" movement of their lift.
The raised heel helps the lifter maintain an upright torso while catching the bar and also allows for a deeper squat under the bar.
Article: World War I
Section: Serbian campaign

Question: Who was promoted to Corporal at the age of 10?

Austria invaded and fought the Serbian army at the Battle of Cer and Battle of Kolubara beginning on 12 August.
Over the next two weeks, Austrian attacks were thrown back with heavy losses, which marked the first major Allied victories of the war and dashed Austro-Hungarian hopes of a swift victory.
As a result, Austria had to keep sizable forces on the Serbian front, weakening its efforts against Russia.
Serbia's defeat of the Austro-Hungarian invasion of 1914 counts among the major upset victories of the last century.
This campaign had the youngest known soldier of World War I. Momčilo Gavrić, born in Trbušnica, joined the 6th Artillery Division of the Serbian Army when he was 8 years old, after Austro-Hungarian troops killed his parents, grandmother, and seven of his siblings in August 1914.
At the age of 10 he was promoted to Corporal, and at the age of 11 he became a Lance Sergeant.
Article: As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)
Section: Abstract

Question: Who performs the song "As Long as You Love Me"?

As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)"As Long as You Love Me" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber, from his third studio album, "Believe" (2012).
The track was produced by Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins and Andre Lindal.
It was written by Rodney Jerkins, Andre Lindal, Nasri Atweh, Sean Anderson and Justin Bieber.
It was first released on June 11, 2012 as a promotional single from the album, and one month later it was released as the album's second single.
The track features American rapper Big Sean.
The song has since charted in the United Kingdom first at number thirty as a promo single with first week sales of 11,598, and then after being released as a single it improved its position on the UK Singles Chart reaching number 22.
On "Billboard"s Rhythmic Airplay Chart, the single reached number one, giving Bieber his first number one single on an American airplay music chart.
It also reached the number one position on "Billboard"s Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart, making Bieber the fifth Canadian artist to reach that position after Martin Solveig featuring Dragonette's "Hello" in 2011.
The song has sold 2,240,000 copies in the US as December 2012.
The music video features actor Michael Madsen.
Article: French fries
Section: Variants

Question: What are the different variations of French Fries?

Variants of French fries include "thick-cut fries", "steak fries", "shoestring fries", "jojos", "crinkle fries", "curly fries", "hand-cut fries" and "tornado fries".
Fries cut into rough cubes instead of sticks are called "home fries".
Fries cut thickly with the skin left on are called "potato wedges", and fries without the skin are called "steak fries", essentially the American equivalent of the British "chip".
They can also be coated with breading, spices, or other ingredients, which include garlic powder, onion powder, black pepper, paprika, and salt to create "seasoned fries", cheese to create "cheese fries", or chili to create "chili fries".
Sometimes, French fries are cooked in the oven as a final step in the preparation (having been coated with oil during preparation at the factory): these are often sold frozen and are called "oven fries" or "oven chips".
Some restaurants and groceries in North America offer French fries made from sweet potatoes instead of traditional white potatoes.
In France, the thick-cut fries are called "Pommes Pont-Neuf" or simply "pommes frites", about 10 mm; thinner variants are "pommes allumettes" (matchstick potatoes), ±7 mm, and "pommes paille" (potato straws), 3–4 mm (roughly ⅜, ¼ and ⅛ inch respectively).
The two-bath technique is standard (Bocuse).
"Pommes gaufrettes" or "waffle fries" are not typical French fried potatoes, but actually crisps obtained by quarter-turning the potato before each next slide over a grater and deep-frying just once.
This results in large flat fries with two layers, each of which consists of parallel strips of potato.
In an interview, Burger King president Donald Smith said that his chain's fries are sprayed with a sugar solution shortly before being packaged and shipped to individual outlets.
The sugar caramelizes in the cooking fat, producing the golden color customers expect.
McDonald's was assumed to fry their fries for a total time of about 15 to 20 minutes, and with fries fried at least twice.
Article: Argentina
Section: Contemporary era

Question: Who was the winner of the Argentina presidental race in 1983?

Raúl Alfonsín won the 1983 elections campaigning for the prosecution of those responsible for human rights violations during the "Proceso": the Trial of the Juntas and other martial courts sentenced all the coup's leaders but, under military pressure, he also enacted the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws, which halted prosecutions further down the chain of command.
The worsening economic crisis and hyperinflation reduced his popular support and the Peronist Carlos Menem won the 1989 election.
Soon after, riots forced Alfonsín to an early resign.
Menem embraced neoliberal policies: a fixed exchange rate, business deregulation, privatizations and dismantling of protectionist barriers normalized the economy for a while.
He pardoned the officers who had been sentenced during Alfonsín's government.
The 1994 Constitutional Amendment allowed Menem to be elected for a second term.
The economy began to decline in 1995, with increasing unemployment and recession; led by Fernando de la Rúa, the UCR returned to the presidency in the 1999 elections.
De la Rúa kept Menem's economic plan despite the worsening crisis, which led to growing social discontent.
A massive capital flight was responded to with a freezing of bank accounts, generating further turmoil.
The December 2001 riots forced him to resign.
Congress appointed Eduardo Duhalde as acting president, who abrogated the fixed exchange rate established by Menem.
By the late 2002 the economic crisis began to recess, but the assassination of two "piqueteros" by the police caused political commotion, prompting Duhalde to move elections forward.
Néstor Kirchner was elected as the new president.
Boosting the neo-keynesian economic policies laid by Duhalde, Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and steep GDP growth.
Under his administration Argentina restructured its defaulted debt with an unprecedented discount of about 70% on most bonds, paid off debts with the International Monetary Fund, purged the military from officers with doubtful human rights records, ruled the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws as unconstitutional, and resumed legal prosecution of the Juntas' crimes.
He did not run for reelection, promoting instead the candidacy of his wife, senator Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who was elected in 2007 and reelected in 2011.
Article: The Persistence of Memory
Section: Description

Question: what did the insects in Dali's paintings symbolize?

The well-known surrealist piece introduced the image of the soft melting pocket watch.
It epitomizes Dalí's theory of "softness" and "hardness", which was central to his thinking at the time.
As Dawn Ades wrote, "The soft watches are an unconscious symbol of the relativity of space and time, a Surrealist meditation on the collapse of our notions of a fixed cosmic order".
This interpretation suggests that Dalí was incorporating an understanding of the world introduced by Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity.
Asked by Ilya Prigogine whether this was in fact the case, Dalí replied that the soft watches were not inspired by the theory of relativity, but by the surrealist perception of a Camembert cheese melting in the sun.
Although fundamentally part of Dalí's Freudian phase, the imagery precedes his transition to his scientific phase by fourteen years, which occurred after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
It is possible to recognize a human figure in the middle of the composition, in the strange "monster" that Dalí used in several contemporary pieces to represent himself – the abstract form becoming something of a self-portrait, reappearing frequently in his work.
The orange clock at the bottom left of the painting is covered in ants.
Dalí often used ants in his paintings as a symbol of decay.
The figure in the middle of the picture can be read as a "fading" creature, one that often appears in dreams where the dreamer cannot pinpoint the creature's exact form and composition.
One can observe that the creature has one closed eye with several eyelashes, suggesting that the creature is also in a dream state.
The iconography may refer to a dream that Dalí himself had experienced, and the clocks may symbolize the passing of time as one experiences it in sleep or the persistence of time in the eyes of the dreamer .
"The Persistence of Memory" employs "the exactitude of realist painting techniques" to depict imagery more likely to be found in dreams than in waking consciousness.
Article: Family Guy
Section: Broadcast

Question: What channel started airing the series on Jan 31, 1999

The seires premiered in Australia on April 9, 1999 on Seven Network, in 2000 on Fox8, and on 7mate on September 27, 2010.
In Canada the series started airing on January 31, 1999 on Global, on September 1, 2003 on Teletoon, and on July 4, 2012 on Adult Swim.
The series also airs in Ireland, and New Zealand.
The series has aired in the UK on BBC Three and Fox since September 21, 1999.
Article: 2003 invasion of Iraq
Section: Iraqi drones

Question: What number of drones were utilized by the UAV armada of Iraq?

In October 2002, a few days before the US Senate vote on the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution, about 75 senators were told in closed session that the Iraqi government had the means of delivering biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drones that could be launched from ships off the US' Atlantic coast to attack US eastern seaboard cities.
Colin Powell suggested in his presentation to the United Nations that UAVs were transported out of Iraq and could be launched against the United States.
In fact, Iraq had no offensive UAV fleet or any capability of putting UAVs on ships.
Iraq's UAV fleet consisted of less than a handful of outdated Czech training drones.
At the time, there was a vigorous dispute within the intelligence community whether the CIA's conclusions about Iraq's UAV fleet were accurate.
The US Air Force agency denied outright that Iraq possessed any offensive UAV capability.
Article: Cold War
Section: Chinese Civil War and SEATO

Question: Were the republicans weakened by the war against Japan?

In 1949, Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army defeated Chiang Kai-shek's United States-backed Kuomintang (KMT) Nationalist Government in China, and the Soviet Union promptly created an alliance with the newly formed People's Republic of China.
According to Norwegian historian Odd Arne Westad, the Communists won the Civil War because they made fewer military mistakes than Chiang Kai-Shek, and because in his search for a powerful centralized government, Chiang antagonized too many interest groups in China.
Moreover, his party was weakened in the war against Japanese.
Meanwhile the Communists told different groups, such as peasants, exactly what they wanted to hear, and cloaked themselves in the cover of Chinese nationalism.
Chiang and his KMT government retreated to the island of Taiwan.
Confronted with the communist revolution in China and the end of the American atomic monopoly in 1949, the Truman administration quickly moved to escalate and expand the containment policy.
In NSC-68, a secret 1950 document, the National Security Council proposed to reinforce pro-Western alliance systems and quadruple spending on defense.
United States officials moved thereafter to expand containment into Asia, Africa, and Latin America, in order to counter revolutionary nationalist movements, often led by communist parties financed by the USSR, fighting against the restoration of Europe's colonial empires in South-East Asia and elsewhere.
In the early 1950s (a period sometimes known as the "Pactomania"), the US formalized a series of alliances with Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and the Philippines (notably ANZUS in 1951 and SEATO in 1954), thereby guaranteeing the United States a number of long-term military bases.
Article: Henry Moore
Section: Art market

Question: What year did he achieve his $4.1 million record?

By the end of his career, Moore was the world's most successful living artist at auction.
In 1982, four years before his death, Sotheby's in New York sold a 6 ft "Reclining Figure" (1945), for $1.2 million to collector Wendell Cherry.
Although a first record of $4.1 million was set in 1990, Moore's market slumped during the recession that followed.
His eight-foot bronze, "Reclining Figure: Festival" (1951) sold for a record £19.1 million at Christie's, making him the second most expensive 20th-century British artist after Francis Bacon.