community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Cereal
Section: Production

Question: What is the common wheat's close relative?

The following table shows the annual production of cereals in 1961, 2010, 2011, and 2012 ranked by 2012 production.
All but buckwheat and quinoa are true grasses (these two are pseudocereals).
Maize, wheat, and rice together accounted for 89% of all cereal production worldwide in 2012, and 43% of all food calories in 2009, while the production of oats and triticale have drastically fallen from their 1960s levels.
Other grains that are important in some places, but that have little production globally (and are not included in FAO statistics), include:
 Teff, an ancient grain that is a staple in Ethiopia.
It is high in fiber and protein.
Its flour is often used to make injera.
It can also be eaten as a warm breakfast cereal similar to farina with a chocolate or nutty flavor.
Its flour and whole grain products can usually be found in natural foods stores.
 Wild rice, grown in small amounts in North America.
 Amaranth, an ancient pseudocereal, formerly a staple crop of the Aztec Empire and now widely grown in Africa.
 Kañiwa, close relative of quinoa.
Several other species of wheat have also been domesticated, some very early in the history of agriculture:
 Spelt, a close relative of common wheat.
 Einkorn, a wheat species with a single grain.
 Emmer, one of the first crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent.
 Durum, the only tetraploid species of wheat currently cultivated, used to make semolina.
 Kamut, an ancient relative of durum with an unknown history.
Article: Kung Fu Panda
Section: Online games

Question: Playnia created what game?

Two popular online games, "The Adversary" and "The Field of Fiery Danger", were created by Playniac to accompany the movie release.
"The Adversary" is based on the moment where the main character Po, voiced by Jack Black, attacks a punchbag and underestimates its response.
"The Field of Fiery Danger" is based on scenes where Po accidentally falls into the pit of fire spouting tubes and also the moment where the kung fu master Shifu realizes that the only way to get through to Po is with food.
Both games have 20 challenging levels and were featured as game of the week on the Nickelodeon web site.
Article: Great Sphinx of Giza
Section: Racial characteristics

Question: What part of the Sphinx has been damaged?

Over the years several authors have commented on what they perceive as "Negroid" characteristics in the face of the Sphinx.
This issue has become part of the Ancient Egyptian race controversy, with respect to the ancient population as a whole.
The face of the Sphinx has been damaged over the millennia.
Article: South Park
Section: Video games

Question: Who released the three South Park video games?

Following the early success of the series, three video games based on the series were released by Acclaim Entertainment.
A first-person shooter simply titled "South Park" was released in 1998 for the PC, Nintendo 64, and PlayStation.
This was followed in 1999 by ', a party video game featuring quizzes and mini-games, on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC.
In 2000, "South Park Rally", a racing game, was released on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC.
Parker and Stone had little to do with the development of these games, apart from providing voice acting, and have publicly criticized Acclaim and the quality of the "South Park" games they produced.
Several years after these early games, the decision was made to form a small group called South Park Digital Studios, which would, among other things, work on creating new "South Park" games, that would involve the studio and the show's creators more heavily.
The first such title is "South Park Let's Go Tower Defense Play!
", a tower defense game developed by Doublesix, which was released in 2009 for the Xbox Live Arcade service on the Xbox 360 console.
Another Xbox Live Arcade game, ' is a platformer, which was released in the spring of 2012. ""
is a role-playing video game that was written by Parker and Stone, and was originally scheduled to be released on March 5, 2013 for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles, and Microsoft Windows; The game released March 4, 2014 to positive reviews.
Article: Galbi
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the meaning of "galbi"?

Kalbi or galbi generally refers to a variety of "gui" or grilled dishes in Korean cuisine that are made with marinated beef (or pork) short ribs in a "ganjang"-based sauce (Korean soy sauce).
In the Korean language, "galbi" literally means "rib" and can refer to cooked or uncooked ribs.
Although the dish's full name is galbi gui, the word ""gui"" (grilling) is commonly omitted.
Suwon and Los Angeles are particularly known for their galbi.
"Galbi" is generally made with beef ribs, and it may be called ""sogalbi"" (소갈비) or ""soegalbi"" (쇠갈비).
The prefix ""so"" or ""soe"" (beef) is often omitted when referring to beef ribs.
It is also called "bulgalbi" when grilled over fire.
"Galbi" can also be made with pork ribs or chicken; in such cases, the dish is called ""dwaeji galbi"" (돼지갈비) or ""dak galbi"" (닭갈비) to emphasize the main ingredient.
It is listed at number 41 on the "World's 50 most delicious foods" readers' poll complied by "CNN Go" in 2011.
Article: Yellowstone National Park
Section: Climate

Question: When was the record high temperature in Yellowstone National Park?

Yellowstone climate is greatly influenced by altitude, with lower elevations generally found to be warmer year round.
The record high temperature was in 2002, while the coldest temperature recorded is in 1933.
During the summer months of June through early September, daytime highs are normally in the range, while nighttime lows can go to below freezing (0 °C)—especially at higher altitudes.
Summer afternoons are frequently accompanied by thunderstorms.
Spring and fall temperatures range between with cold nights in the teens to single digits (−5 to −20 °C).
Winter in Yellowstone is very cold with high temperatures usually between zero to 20 °F (−20 to −5 °C) and nighttime temperatures below zero °F (−20 °C) for most of the winter.
Precipitation in Yellowstone is highly variable and ranges from annually near Mammoth Hot Springs, to in the southwestern sections of the park.
The precipitation of Yellowstone is greatly influenced by the moisture channel formed by the Snake River Plain to the west that was, in turn, formed by Yellowstone itself.
Snow is possible in any month of the year, with averages of annually around Yellowstone Lake, to twice that amount at higher elevations.
Tornadoes in Yellowstone are rare; however, on July 21, 1987, the most powerful tornado recorded in Wyoming touched down in the Teton Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest and hit Yellowstone National Park.
Called the Teton–Yellowstone tornado, it was classified as an F4, with wind speeds estimated at between .
The tornado left a path of destruction wide, and long, and leveled of mature pine forest.
Both high elevation areas are classified as humid continental (Dfb), according to Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
Article: Argentina
Section: Contemporary era

Question: Who won the 1983 campaign?

Raúl Alfonsín won the 1983 elections campaigning for the prosecution of those responsible for human rights violations during the "Proceso": the Trial of the Juntas and other martial courts sentenced all the coup's leaders but, under military pressure, he also enacted the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws, which halted prosecutions further down the chain of command.
The worsening economic crisis and hyperinflation reduced his popular support and the Peronist Carlos Menem won the 1989 election.
Soon after, riots forced Alfonsín to an early resign.
Menem embraced neoliberal policies: a fixed exchange rate, business deregulation, privatizations and dismantling of protectionist barriers normalized the economy for a while.
He pardoned the officers who had been sentenced during Alfonsín's government.
The 1994 Constitutional Amendment allowed Menem to be elected for a second term.
The economy began to decline in 1995, with increasing unemployment and recession; led by Fernando de la Rúa, the UCR returned to the presidency in the 1999 elections.
De la Rúa kept Menem's economic plan despite the worsening crisis, which led to growing social discontent.
A massive capital flight was responded to with a freezing of bank accounts, generating further turmoil.
The December 2001 riots forced him to resign.
Congress appointed Eduardo Duhalde as acting president, who abrogated the fixed exchange rate established by Menem.
By the late 2002 the economic crisis began to recess, but the assassination of two "piqueteros" by the police caused political commotion, prompting Duhalde to move elections forward.
Néstor Kirchner was elected as the new president.
Boosting the neo-keynesian economic policies laid by Duhalde, Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and steep GDP growth.
Under his administration Argentina restructured its defaulted debt with an unprecedented discount of about 70% on most bonds, paid off debts with the International Monetary Fund, purged the military from officers with doubtful human rights records, ruled the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws as unconstitutional, and resumed legal prosecution of the Juntas' crimes.
He did not run for reelection, promoting instead the candidacy of his wife, senator Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who was elected in 2007 and reelected in 2011.
Article: Algeria
Section: Politics

Question: What sort of government does Algeria have?

Algeria is an authoritarian regime, according to the Democracy Index 2010.
The Freedom of the Press 2009 report gives it rating "Not Free".
Elected politicians are considered to have relatively little sway over Algeria.
Instead, a group of unelected civilian and military "décideurs", known as "le pouvoir" ("the power"), actually rule the country, even deciding who should be president.
The most powerful man may be Mohamed Mediène, head of the military intelligence.
In recent years, many of these generals have died or retired.
After the death of General Larbi Belkheir, Bouteflika put loyalists in key posts, notably at Sonatrach, and secured constitutional amendments that make him re-electable indefinitely.
The head of state is the president of Algeria, who is elected for a five-year term.
The president was formerly limited to two five-year terms, but a constitutional amendment passed by the Parliament on 11 November 2008 removed this limitation.
Algeria has universal suffrage at 18 years of age.
The President is the head of the army, the Council of Ministers and the High Security Council.
He appoints the Prime Minister who is also the head of government.
The Algerian parliament is bicameral; the lower house, the People's National Assembly, has 462 members who are directly elected for five-year terms, while the upper house, the Council of the Nation, has 144 members serving six-year terms, of which 96 members are chosen by local assemblies and 48 are appointed by the president.
According to the constitution, no political association may be formed if it is "based on differences in religion, language, race, gender, profession or region".
In addition, political campaigns must be exempt from the aforementioned subjects.
Parliamentary elections were last held in May 2012, and were judged to be largely free by international monitors, though local groups alleged fraud and irregularities.
In the elections, the FLN won 221 seats, the military-backed National Rally for Democracy won 70, and the Islamist Green Algeria Alliance won 47.
Article: Tunisia
Section: Literature

Question: How long does Arabic literature date back to?

Tunisian literature exists in two forms: Arabic and French.
Arabic literature dates back to the 7th century with the arrival of Arab civilization in the region.
It is more important in both volume and value than French literature, introduced during the French protectorate from 1881.
Among the literary figures include Ali Douagi, who has produced more than 150 radio stories, over 500 poems and folk songs and nearly 15 plays, Khraief Bashir, an Arabic novelist who published many notable books in the 1930s and which caused a scandal because the dialogues were written in Tunisian dialect, and others such as Moncef Ghachem, Mohamed Salah Ben Mrad or Mahmoud Messaadi.
As for poetry, Tunisian poetry typically opts for nonconformity and innovation with poets such as Aboul-Qacem Echebbi.
As for literature in French, it is characterized by its critical approach.
Contrary to the pessimism of Albert Memmi, who predicted that literature Tunisian was sentenced to die young, a high number of Tunisian writers are abroad including Abdelwahab Meddeb, Bakri Tahar, Mustapha Tlili, Hele Beji or Mellah Fawzi.
The themes of wandering, exile and heartbreak are the focus of their creative writing.
The national bibliography lists 1249 non-school books published in 2002 in Tunisia, with 885 titles in Arabic.
In 2006 this figure had increased to 1,500 and 1,700 in 2007.
Nearly a third of the books are published for children.
Article: Zero Dark Thirty
Section: Accolades

Question: What movie won the Oscar for Best Sound Editing and tied with Skyfall?

"Zero Dark Thirty" was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Picture,Best Actress, Best Original Screenplay, Best Sound Editing and Best Film Editing.
Paul N. J. Ottosson won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, tying with "Skyfall".
This was only the sixth tie in Academy Awards history, and the first since 1994.
"Zero Dark Thirty" was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, with Chastain winning Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama.
The Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association's award for Best Director was given to Bigelow, the second time the honor has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for "The Hurt Locker").
The film swept critics groups' awards for Best Director and Best Picture including the Washington D.C., New York Film Critics Online, Chicago and Boston film critics associations.
Article: Notre Dame de Paris
Section: Architecture

Question: What was the purpose of the Gargoyles at Notre Dame de Paris?

Notre-Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress (arched exterior supports).
The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave but after the construction began, the thinner walls (popularized in the Gothic style) grew ever higher and stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward.
In response, the cathedral's architects built supports around the outside walls, and later additions continued the pattern.
Many small individually crafted statues were placed around the outside to serve as column supports and water spouts.
Among these are the famous gargoyles, designed for water run-off, and chimeras.
The statues were originally colored as was most of the exterior.
The paint has worn off, but the gray stone was once covered with vivid colors.
The cathedral was essentially complete by 1345.
The cathedral has a narrow climb of 387 steps at the top of several spiral staircases; along the climb it is possible to view its most famous bell and its gargoyles in close quarters, as well as having a spectacular view across Paris when reaching the top.
The design of St. Peter's Anglican Cathedral in Adelaide, Australia was inspired by Notre-Dame de Paris.
Article: National Air and Space Museum
Section: Controversies

Question: When did Harwit resign?

Controversy erupted in March 1994 over a proposed commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Japan.
The centerpiece of the exhibit was the "Enola Gay", the B-29 bomber that dropped the A-bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Veterans' groups, led by the Air Force Association and The Retired Officers Association, argued strongly that the exhibit's inclusion of Japanese accounts and photographs of victims politicized the exhibit and insulted U.S. airmen.
Also disputed was the predicted number of U.S. casualties that would have resulted from an invasion of Japan, had that been necessary, after the museum director, Martin O. Harwit, unilaterally reduced the figure by 75% on January 9, 1995, at the height of the dispute.
On January 18 the American Legion called for a congressional investigation of the matter, and on January 24, 1995, 81 members of Congress called for Harwit's resignation.
Harwit was forced to resign on May 2.
Although the exhibit was "radically reduced" and criticized by the "New York Times" as "the most diminished display in Smithsonian history," the Air and Space Museum placed the forward fuselage of the "Enola Gay" and other items on display as part of a non-political historical exhibition.
Within a year, it had drawn more than a million visitors, making it the most popular special exhibition in the history of the NASM, and when the exhibition closed in May 1998, it had drawn nearly four million visitors.
On October 8, 2011, the museum was temporarily closed after demonstrators associated with the Occupy D.C. demonstration attempted to enter the museum.
Some protesters were pepper sprayed by museum security after a guard was pinned against a wall.
One woman was arrested.
On December 5, 2013, Smithsonian food workers protested about a living wage.
A journalist was detained for filming.
Article: Vietnam War
Section: American nurses

Question: How many female soldiers were serving in Vietnam by 1973?

Women in the Vietnam War.
American nurses.
During the Vietnam War, American women served on active duty doing a variety of jobs.
Early in 1963, the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) launched Operation Nightingale, an intensive effort to recruit nurses to serve in Vietnam.
Most nurses who volunteered to serve in Vietnam came from predominantly working or middle-class families with histories of military service.
The majority of these women were white Catholics and Protestants.
Because the need for medical aid was great, many nurses underwent a concentrated four-month training program before being deployed to Vietnam in the ANC.
Due to the shortage of staff, nurses usually worked twelve-hour shifts, six days per week and often suffered from exhaustion.
First Lieutenant Sharon Lane was the only female military nurse to be killed by enemy gunfire during the war, on 8 June 1969.
At the start of the Vietnam War, it was commonly thought that American women had no place in the military.
Their traditional place had been in the domestic sphere, but with the war came opportunity for the expansion of gender roles.
In Vietnam, women held a variety of jobs which included operating complex data processing equipment and serving as stenographers.
Although a small number of women were assigned to combat zones, they were never allowed directly in the field of battle.
The women who served in the military were solely volunteers.
They faced a plethora of challenges, one of which was the relatively small number of female soldiers.
Living in a male-dominated environment created tensions between the sexes.
While this high male to female ratio was often uncomfortable for women, many men reported that having women in the field with them boosted their morale.
Although this was not the women's purpose, it was one positive result of the their service.
By 1973, approximately 7,500 women had served in Vietnam in the Southeast Asian theater.
In that same year, the military lifted the prohibition on women entering the armed forces.
American women serving in Vietnam were subject to societal stereotypes.
Many Americans either considered females serving in Vietnam masculine for living under the army discipline, or judged them to be women of questionable moral character who enlisted for the sole purpose of seducing men.
To address this problem, the ANC released advertisements portraying women in the ANC as "proper, professional and well protected."
(26) This effort to highlight the positive aspects of a nursing career reflected the ideas of second-wave feminism that occurred during the 1960s–1970s in the United States.
Although female military nurses lived in a heavily male environment, very few cases of sexual harassment were ever reported.
In 2008, by contrast, approximately one-third of women in the military felt that they had been sexually harassed compared with one-third of men.
Article: French fries
Section: France and other French-speaking countries

Question: When was French Fried Potatoes first used?

In France and other French-speaking countries, fried potatoes are formally "pommes de terre frites", but more commonly "pommes frites", "patates frites", or simply "frites".
The word ""aiguillettes"" or "allumettes" is used when the chips are very small and thin.
One enduring origin story holds that French Fries were invented by street vendors on the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris in 1789, just before the outbreak of the French revolution.
Eating potatoes was promoted in France by Parmentier, but he did not mention fried potatoes in particular.
Many Americans attribute the dish to France and offer as evidence a notation by U.S. President Thomas Jefferson.
""Pommes de terre frites à cru, en petites tranches"" ("Potatoes deep-fried while raw, in small cuttings") in a manuscript in Thomas Jefferson's hand (circa 1801–1809) and the recipe almost certainly comes from his French chef, Honoré Julien.
In addition, from 1813 on, recipes for what can be described as French fries occur in popular American cookbooks.
By the late 1850s, one of these uses the term "French fried potatoes".
"Frites" are the main ingredient in the Canadian dish of Québécois descent known in both Canadian English and French as poutine, consisting of fried potatoes covered with cheese curds and gravy, a dish with a growing number of variations.
Article: Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
Section: "The Victors"

Question: Who's real-life execution inspired the scene in the movie that used the song?

Frank Sinatra's version was controversially used by director Carl Foreman in his 1963 anti-war film "The Victors" as the soundtrack backdrop (along with the carol "Hark!
The Herald Angels Sing") to the execution by firing squad of a G.I.
deserter in a bleak, snowy field on Christmas Eve - a scene inspired by the real-life execution of Pvt.
Eddie Slovik in 1945.
The "New York Times" film reviewer, while recognising the power of the scene, complained that "the device itself is almost as specious and sentimental as what is trying to mock."