community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Dexter (TV series)
Section: Awards and nominations

Question: Was Dexter nominated for any awards?

"Dexter" was nominated for 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, in the category of Outstanding Drama Series four times in a row, from 2008 to 2011, and Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series (for Michael C. Hall) five times in a row, from 2008 to 2012.
It has also been nominated for nine Golden Globe Awards (winning two) and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards.
On December 14, 2006, Michael C. Hall was nominated for a Golden Globe Award at the 64th Golden Globe Awards.
In 2008, the show was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for its second season (Showtime's first ever drama to be nominated for the award), and its star for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.
It won neither, losing to "Mad Men" and to "Breaking Bad" actor Bryan Cranston.
In 2010, Hall and John Lithgow, in their respective categories, won a Golden Globe for their performances, on the same night, for their work in season four.
Article: Golden Gate Park
Section: Bison paddock

Question: When was the paddock created?

Bison ("Bison bison") have been kept in Golden Gate Park since 1891, when a small herd was purchased by the park commission.
At the time, the animal's population in North America had dwindled to an all-time low, and San Francisco made a successful effort to breed them in captivity.
In 1899, the paddock in the western section of the park was created.
At its peak and through a successful captive breeding program, more than 100 calves were produced at Golden Gate Park, helping preserve the iconic bison population numbers in North America, which has been critical to the culture and livelihood of Native Americans.
In 1984, Mayor Dianne Feinstein's husband, Richard C. Blum, purchased a new herd as a birthday present for his wife.
The older bison in the paddock today are descendants of those animals.
In December 2011, after the number of bison in the paddock had dwindled to three, Assemblywoman Fiona Ma’s office led another preservation effort.
With donations from the Theodore Rosen Charitable Foundation, Richard C. Blum, and the Garen Wimer Ranch, Assemblywoman Ma’s office worked with the San Francisco Zoo and SF Recreation and Parks to add seven new bison to the existing herd.
The Paddock is currently open to the public for viewing.
Article: Portrait of Dr. Gachet
Section: Etching

Question: Who owns Van Gogh's "Portrait of Dr. Gachet"?

Van Gogh, introduced to etching by Gachet, made the etching "Portrait of Doctor Gachet" in 1890.
Gachet and Van Gogh discussed creating a series of southern France themes but that never happened.
This was the one and only etching, also known as "L'homme à la pipe" (Man with a pipe), that Van Gogh ever made.
Van Gogh's brother, Theo, who received an impression of the etching, called it "a true painter's etching.
No refinement in the execution, but a drawing on metal."
It is a different pose than that in Van Gogh's "Portrait of Dr. Gachet", owned by Musée d'Orsay.
The National Gallery of Canada finds that "The undulating flow of the line is typical of the expressive quality of Van Gogh's late style."
The impression owned by the National Gallery is from one of the 60 printings following Van Gogh's death by Dr. Gachet's son, Paul Gachet Jr. Gachet's collector's stamp appears on the bottom edge of the print.
Article: Grand Central Terminal
Section: Terminal City

Question: What year was the studio space converted to a sports club?

The construction of Grand Central created a mini-city within New York, including the Commodore Hotel and various office buildings.
It spurred construction throughout the neighborhood in the 1920s including the Chrysler Building.
In 1928, the New York Central built its headquarters in a 34-story building (now called the Helmsley Building) straddling Park Avenue on the north side of the Terminal.
There is a "secret" platform, number 61, under the station.
This was once used to convey President Franklin D. Roosevelt directly into the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.
This platform was part of the original design of the Waldorf Astoria.
It was mentioned in "The New York Times" in 1929 but was first used by General Pershing in 1938.
From 1939 to 1964 CBS Television occupied a large portion of the terminal building, particularly above the main waiting room.
The space contained two production studios (41 and 42), two "program control" facilities (43 and 44), network master control, and facilities for local station WCBS-TV.
In 1958, the first major videotape operations facility in the world opened in a former rehearsal room on the seventh floor of the main terminal building.
The facility used fourteen Ampex VR-1000 videotape recorders.
The "CBS Evening News" began its broadcasts there with Douglas Edwards.
Many historic news events were broadcast from this location, such as John Glenn's Mercury-Atlas 6 space mission and Walter Cronkite's coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Edward R. Murrow's "See It Now" originated from Grand Central, including his famous broadcasts on Senator Joseph McCarthy.
The Murrow broadcasts were recreated in George Clooney's movie "Good Night, and Good Luck", although the CBS News and corporate offices were not actually in the same building as the film implies.
The long-running panel show "What's My Line?"
was first broadcast from the GCT studios, as were "The Goldbergs" and "Mama".
The facility's operations were later moved to the CBS Broadcast Center.
In 1966, the former studio space was converted to a sports club with two tennis courts and was operated by Donald Trump from 1984 to 2009.
The space is currently occupied by a conductor lounge and a smaller sports facility with a single tennis court.
Article: Physics
Section: Modern physics

Question: Who corrected Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism discrepency?

Modern physics began in the early 20th century with the work of Max Planck in quantum theory and Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
Both of these theories came about due to inaccuracies in classical mechanics in certain situations.
Classical mechanics predicted a varying speed of light, which could not be resolved with the constant speed predicted by Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism; this discrepancy was corrected by Einstein's theory of special relativity, which replaced classical mechanics for fast-moving bodies and allowed for a constant speed of light.
Black body radiation provided another problem for classical physics, which was corrected when Planck proposed that light comes in individual packets known as photons; this, along with the photoelectric effect and a complete theory predicting discrete energy levels of electron orbitals, led to the theory of quantum mechanics taking over from classical physics at very small scales.
Quantum mechanics would come to be pioneered by Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Dirac.
From this early work, and work in related fields, the Standard Model of particle physics was derived.
Following the discovery of a particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson at CERN in 2012, all fundamental particles predicted by the standard model, and no others, appear to exist; however physics beyond the Standard Model, with theories such as supersymmetry, is an active area of research.
Article: High Renaissance
Section: Sculpture

Question: During which period did small scale statuettes for private patrons develop?

High Renaissance sculpture, as exemplified by Michelangelo's "Pietà" and the iconic "David", is characterized by an "ideal" balance between stillness and movement.
High Renaissance sculpture was normally commissioned by the public and the state, this becoming more popular for sculpture is an expensive art form.
Sculpture was often used to decorate or embellish architecture, normally within courtyards where others were able to study and admire the commissioned art work.
Wealthy individuals like cardinals, rulers and bankers were the more likely private patrons along with very wealthy families; Pope Julius II also patronized many artists.
During the High Renaissance there was the development of small scale statuettes for private patrons, the creation of busts and tombs also developing.
The subject matter related to sculpture was mostly religious but also with a significant strand of classical individuals in the form of tomb sculpture and paintings as well as ceilings of cathedrals.
Article: Eiffel Tower
Section: Abstract

Question: whats the step count to the first floor of the eiffel tower?

The Eiffel Tower (, ) is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris.
It was named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower.
Erected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.
The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.98 million people ascended it in 2011.
The tower received its 250 millionth visitor in 2010.
The tower is tall, about the same height as an 81- building.
During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930.
Because of the addition of the antenna atop the Eiffel Tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by .
Not including broadcast antennae, it is the second-tallest structure in France, after the Millau Viaduct.
The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second.
The third level observatory's upper platform is above the ground, the highest accessible to the public in the European Union.
Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift (elevator) to the first and second levels.
The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level.
Although there are stairs to the third and highest level, these are usually closed to the public and it is generally only accessible by lift.
Article: The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)
Section: Restoration

Question: Is the illustration a reflection of the actual painting or the restoration?

The fresco was restored along with the Sistine vault between 1980 and 1994 under the supervision of curator of the Vatican Museums Frabrizio Mancinelli.
The illustration reflects the restoration.
During the course of the restoration about half of the censorship of the "Fig-Leaf Campaign" was removed.
Numerous pieces of buried details, caught under the smoke and grime of scores of years were revealed after the restoration.
It was discovered that the fresco of Biagio de Cesena as Minos with donkey ears was being bitten in the genitalia by a coiled snake.
Another discovery is of the figure condemned to Hell directly below and to the right of St. Bartholomew with flayed skin.
It was, for centuries, considered to be male until removal of the "fig leaf" showed that it was female.
Article: NASA
Section: Project Mercury (1959–63)

Question: On May 5, 1961 which astronaut became the first American in space aboard "Freedom 7", launched by a Redstone booster on a 15-minute ballistic (suborbital) flight?

Project Mercury (1959–63).
Shortly after the Space Race began, an early objective was to get a person into Earth orbit as soon as possible, therefore the simplest spacecraft that could be launched by existing rockets was favored.
U.S. Air Force's Man in Space Soonest program looked at many manned spacecraft designs, ranging from rocket planes like the X-15, to small ballistic space capsules.
By 1958, the space plane concepts were eliminated in favor of the ballistic capsule.
When NASA was created that same year, the Air Force program was transferred to it and renamed "Project Mercury".
The first seven astronauts were selected among candidates from the Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilot programs.
On May 5, 1961, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard "Freedom 7", launched by a Redstone booster on a 15-minute ballistic (suborbital) flight.
John Glenn became the first American to be launched into orbit by an Atlas launch vehicle on February 20, 1962 aboard "Friendship 7".
Glenn completed three orbits, after which three more orbital flights were made, culminating in L. Gordon Cooper's 22-orbit flight "Faith 7", May 15–16, 1963.
The Soviet Union (USSR) competed with its own single-pilot spacecraft, Vostok.
They beat the U.S. for the first man in space, by launching cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into a single Earth orbit aboard Vostok 1 in April 1961, one month before Shepard's flight.
In August 1962, they achieved an almost four-day record flight with Andriyan Nikolayev aboard Vostok 3, and also conducted a concurrent Vostok 4 mission carrying Pavel Popovich.
Article: The Cabin in the Woods
Section: Abstract

Question: When did the film premiere at South by Southwest?

The Cabin in the Woods is a 2012 American satirical horror film directed by Drew Goddard in his directorial debut, produced by Joss Whedon, and written by Whedon and Goddard.
The film stars Kristen Connolly, Chris Hemsworth, Anna Hutchison, Fran Kranz, and Jesse Williams.
Goddard and Whedon, having worked together previously on "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Angel", wrote the screenplay in three days, describing it as an attempt to "revitalize" the slasher film genre and as a critical satire on torture porn.
"The A.V.
Club", elaborating on this description, wrote, "Where "Scream" put a postmodern twist on slasher films, "The Cabin In The Woods" takes on the whole genre and twists even harder...
The script brings to the fore Whedon’s love of subverting clichés while embracing them and teasing out their deeper meaning.
"Filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, from March to May 2009 on an estimated budget of $30 million.
Scheduled to be released on February 5, 2010, the release was delayed until January 14, 2011 so that the film could be converted into 3D.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's financial troubles then delayed the release indefinitely.
The distribution rights were bought by Lionsgate in April 2011, who cancelled the planned 3D conversion.
The film then premiered on March 9, 2012 at the South by Southwest film festival in Austin, Texas and was released in the United States on April 13, 2012.
The film was both a critical and financial success receiving positive reviews, featuring on Metacritic's best films of 2012 list and grossing over $65 million worldwide.
Article: Lincoln Memorial
Section: Statue

Question: What type of marble is the Lincoln Memorial made of?

Lying between the north and south chambers is the central hall containing the solitary figure of Lincoln sitting in contemplation.
The statue was carved by the Piccirilli Brothers under the supervision of the sculptor, Daniel Chester French, and took four years to complete.
The statue, originally intended to be only tall, was, on further consideration, enlarged so that it finally stood tall from head to foot, the scale being such that if Lincoln were standing, he would be tall.
The extreme width of the statue is the same as its height.
The Georgia white marble sculpture weighs and had to be shipped in 28 separate pieces.
The statue rests upon an oblong pedestal of Tennessee marble high, wide, and deep.
Directly beneath this lies a platform of Tennessee marble about long, wide, and high.
Lincoln's arms rest on representations of Roman fasces, a subtle touch that associates the statue with the Augustan (and imperial) theme (obelisk and funerary monuments) of the Washington Mall.
The statue is discretely bordered by two pilasters, one on each side.
Between these pilasters and above Lincoln's head stands the engraved epitaph, composed by Royal Cortissoz, shown in the box to the left.
Article: Captain Phillips (film)
Section: Development

Question: Where can we find the Brian Coyle Community Center?

Shortly after the publication of Richard Phillips's memoir "A Captain's Duty" in 2010, Sony Pictures optioned the film rights.
In March 2011, actor Tom Hanks attached himself to the project after reading a draft of the screenplay by Billy Ray.
During the following June, director Paul Greengrass was offered the helm of the then-untitled film adaptation.
A worldwide search subsequently began to find the film's supporting Somali cast.
From this search, Barkhad Abdi, Barkhad Abdirahman, Faysal Ahmed, and Mahat M. Ali were chosen from among more than 700 participants at a 2011 casting call at the Brian Coyle Community Center in Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis.
According to the search casting director, Debbie DeLisi, the four actors were selected because they were "the chosen ones, that anointed group that stuck out.
"Producers visited the National Navy UDT-SEAL Museum to see the bullet-scarred, five-ton fiberglass lifeboat aboard which the pirates held Capt.
Phillips hostage so that they could accurately re-create the boat and interiors for the set.
They were also able to view an example of the Boeing Insitu ScanEagle UAV, used to monitor the crisis, as well as the Mark 11 Mod 0 (SR-25) sniper rifle (the type used by the U.S. Navy SEALs), both also on display at the museum.
Article: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)
Section: Tributes

Question: What artist was the music selection based off of on Season 17, week 8 of "Dancing with the Stars" (US edition)?

In seasons nine and ten, three tribute performances have been done in honour of some people.
The first was a tribute to recently deceased actor Patrick Swayze, on Sep 23, 2009.
"She's Like the Wind" from the "Dirty Dancing" soundtrack (originally written by Swayze for his film "Grandview USA"), "Unchained Melody" from his film "Ghost", and "(I've had) the Time of my Life" from "Dirty Dancing" were performed by select professional dancers of the Show.
On October 20, 2009, a tribute was done for singer and dancer, Michael Jackson.
"I Want You Back", "Man in the Mirror" and "Thriller" were performed—the first two by select professional dancers of the show, and all coming together for "Thriller".
In season ten, Professional Haitian dancers performed as a tribute to victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on March 30, 2010.
One of the male dancers had lost his son in the rubble.
They were dancing to "Dance Like This" by Wyclef Jean.
In season seventeen, in week eight, all dance numbers were done to guest judge Cher's hit songs.
She also performed live "Believe" and her newest single "I Hope You Find It" from her recent album "Closer to the Truth", after an eleven-year hiatus.
Article: Virus
Section: Etymology

Question: When was Virus first used in the English language?

The word is from the Latin "virus" referring to poison and other noxious substances, first used in English in 1392.
"Virulent", from Latin "virulentus" (poisonous), dates to 1400.
A meaning of "agent that causes infectious disease" is first recorded in 1728, before the discovery of viruses by Dmitri Ivanovsky in 1892.
The English plural is "viruses", whereas the Latin word is a mass noun, which has no classically attested plural.
The adjective "viral" dates to 1948.
The term "virion" (plural "virions"), which dates from 1959, is also used to refer to a single, stable infective viral particle that is released from the cell and is fully capable of infecting other cells of the same type.
Article: Medicine
Section: Criticism of modern medicine

Question: Which author wrote the 1954 book that found statistical methods superior to diagnostic methods?

According to Paul Farmer, the main problem for modern medicine is lack of access in poor regions.
There is an "outcome gap" between the rich and poor that is most noticeable with expensive-to-treat diseases like AIDS and tuberculosis.
The majority of medical resources and therapies are concentrated in the rich, low-incidence regions such as the West.
On the other hand, countries in the developing world have high rates of HIV but lack the necessary resources to treat them.
Medical errors and overmedication and other forms of iatrogenesis (harms caused by medical treatment) are also the focus of complaints and negative coverage.
Practitioners of human factors engineering believe that there is much that medicine may usefully gain by emulating concepts in aviation safety, where it is recognized that it is dangerous to place too much responsibility on one "superhuman" individual and expect him or her not to make errors.
Reporting systems and checking mechanisms are becoming more common in identifying sources of error and improving practice.
Clinical versus statistical, algorithmic diagnostic methods were famously examined in psychiatric practice in a 1954 book by Paul E. Meehl, which found statistical methods superior.
A 2000 meta-analysis comparing these methods in both psychology and medicine found that statistical or "mechanical" diagnostic methods were, in general, although not always, superior.
Disparities in quality of care given among local demographics are often an additional cause of controversy.
For example, elderly mentally ill patients received poorer care during hospitalization in a 2008 study.
Rural poor African-American men were used in an infamous study of syphilis that denied them basic medical care.
Article: The Motto
Section: Remixes and freestyles

Question: How many freestyle tracks for "The Motto" are listed here?

Tom Reid Mix Freestyle
Big Bizzy Barney Beats
 Drake, featuring Lil Wayne & Tyga (Official remix)
 YG, Nipsey Hussle and Snoop Dogg
 Nelly (Released through the Mixtape O.E.MO)
 Jeremih
 Mario
 Young Jeezy and Freddie Gibbs
 Wale and Meek Mill
 Wiz Khalifa, Juicy J, Berner
 Nekfeu, Alpha Wann, Sneazzy West (1995) (France)
Article: Botany
Section: Plant hormones

Question: What plant contains phtochromes and is sensitive to light?

Plants are not passive, but respond to external signals such as light, touch, and injury by moving or growing towards or away from the stimulus, as appropriate.
Tangible evidence of touch sensitivity is the almost instantaneous collapse of leaflets of "Mimosa pudica", the insect traps of Venus flytrap and bladderworts, and the pollinia of orchids.
The hypothesis that plant growth and development is coordinated by plant hormones or plant growth regulators first emerged in the late 19th century.
Darwin experimented on the movements of plant shoots and roots towards light and gravity, and concluded "It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle .
.
acts like the brain of one of the lower animals .
.
directing the several movements".
About the same time, the role of auxins (from the Greek auxein, to grow) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the Dutch scientist Frits Went.
The first known auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later.
This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity.
The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.
Another class of phytohormones is the jasmonates, first isolated from the oil of "Jasminum grandiflorum" which regulates wound responses in plants by unblocking the expression of genes required in the systemic acquired resistance response to pathogen attack.
In addition to being the primary energy source for plants, light functions as a signalling device, providing information to the plant, such as how much sunlight the plant receives each day.
This can result in adaptive changes in a process known as photomorphogenesis.
Phytochromes are the photoreceptors in a plant that are sensitive to light.