community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Diego Rivera
Section: Career in Mexico

Question: What artists did the program contain?

In 1920, urged by Alberto J. Pani, the Mexican ambassador to France, Rivera left France and traveled through Italy studying its art, including Renaissance frescoes.
After José Vasconcelos became Minister of Education, Rivera returned to Mexico in 1921 to become involved in the government sponsored Mexican mural program planned by Vasconcelos.
"See also Mexican muralism."
The program included such Mexican artists as José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Rufino Tamayo, and the French artist Jean Charlot.
In January 1922, he painted – experimentally in encaustic – his first significant mural "Creation" in the Bolívar Auditorium of the National Preparatory School in Mexico City while guarding himself with a pistol against right-wing students.
In the autumn of 1922, Rivera participated in the founding of the Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers, Painters and Sculptors, and later that year he joined the Mexican Communist Party (including its Central Committee).
His murals, subsequently painted in fresco only, dealt with Mexican society and reflected the country's 1910 Revolution.
Rivera developed his own native style based on large, simplified figures and bold colors with an Aztec influence clearly present in murals at the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico City begun in September 1922, intended to consist of one hundred and twenty-four frescoes, and finished in 1928.
His art, in a fashion similar to the steles of the Maya, tells stories.
The mural "En el Arsenal" (In the Arsenal) shows on the right-hand side Tina Modotti holding an ammunition belt and facing Julio Antonio Mella, in a light hat, and Vittorio Vidali behind in a black hat.
However, the "En el Arsenal" detail shown does not include the right-hand side described nor any of the three individuals mentioned; instead it shows the left-hand side with Frida Kahlo handing out munitions.
Leon Trotsky lived with Rivera and Kahlo for several months while exiled in Mexico.
Some of Rivera's most famous murals are featured at the National School of Agriculture at Chapingo near Texcoco (1925–27), in the Cortés Palace in Cuernavaca (1929–30), and the National Palace in Mexico City (1929–30, 1935).
Article: The Avengers (2012 film)
Section: Music

Question: When the song Live to Rise was announced that it will be in Avengers movie?

In November 2011, Marvel announced that Alan Silvestri, who scored "Captain America: The First Avenger", would write and compose the score for "The Avengers".
Silvestri said, "I've worked on films where there have been a number of stars and certainly worked on films where there have been characters of equal weight in terms of their level of importance and profile in the film, but this one is somewhat extreme in that regard because each of these characters has their own world and it's a very different situation.
It's very challenging to look for a way to give everyone the weight and consideration they need, but at the same time the film is really about the coming together of these characters, which implies that there is this entity called the Avengers which really has to be representative of all of them together."
Silvestri developed the score with the London Symphony Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London, England.
Whedon said, "The score is very old-fashioned, which is why was letter-perfect for this movie because he can give you the heightened emotion, the [Hans Zimmer school of 'I'm just feeling a lot right now!'
but he can also be extraordinarily cue and character specific, which I love.
"In March 2012, American alternative rock band Soundgarden announced through its Facebook page that its song "Live to Rise" would be included on the film's soundtrack.
Additionally, the Indian rock band Agnee released a music video for its single "Hello Andheron", which serves as the theme song for the film's Indian release.
The following day, Marvel revealed details for the soundtrack, which was released May 1, 2012, the same day as the score.
Article: Golden Gate Park
Section: Homeless camps

Question: Oakland's helicopter were sought to be borrowed by who to look for homeless camps?

The City of San Francisco has sometimes grappled with what to do about camps of homeless people living in Golden Gate Park, which have been criticized as unsanitary, and "demoralizing" for park users and workers.
The camps have been described by journalists as full of garbage, broken glass, hypodermic needles, and human excrement, and the people in them are described as suffering from serious addictions and often behaving aggressively with police and park gardeners.
There have been occasional incidents of violence against homeless people in the park, including the 2010 park beating to death of a homeless man and an attack on park visitors by dogs owned by a park resident, also in 2010.
In the 1990s, then-Mayor Willie Brown sought unsuccessfully to borrow the Oakland Police Department's helicopters in order to find homeless people's camps.
Starting in 1988 under then-mayor Art Agnos, and continuing under the direction of subsequent mayors including Frank Jordan, Willie Brown, and Gavin Newsom, San Francisco police have conducted intermittent sweeps of the park aimed at eliminating the camps.
Tactics have included information campaigns designed to inform homeless residents about city services available to help them; waking sleeping homeless people and making them leave the park; issuing citations for infractions and misdemeanors such as camping, trespassing, or public intoxication, which carry penalties of $75 to $100; and the seizure and removal from the park of homeless people's possessions.
The crackdowns have been criticized by anti-poverty activists and civil liberties groups, who say they attack only the symptoms of homelessness while ignoring its root causes, and criminalize the poor for their poverty while ignoring their property rights and constitutional rights.
In 2006, the American Civil Liberties Union brought a lawsuit against the city government on behalf of 10 homeless people, alleging property violations by the city during sweeps in Golden Gate Park the year before.
Article: Vietnam
Section: Etymology

Question: The name vietnam originated with what dynasty?

The name "Việt Nam" () is a variation of "Nam Việt" (; literally "Southern Việt"), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu Dynasty of the 2nd century BC.
The word "Việt" originated as a shortened form of Bách Việt (), a word applied to a group of peoples then living in southern China and Vietnam.
The form "Vietnam" () is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem "Sấm Trạng Trình".
The name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Haiphong that dates to 1558.
Between 1804 and 1813, the name was used officially by Emperor Gia Long.
It was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châu's "History of the Loss of Vietnam", and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party.
The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the imperial government in Huế and the Viet Minh government in Hanoi adopted "Việt Nam".
Since the use of Chinese characters was discontinued in 1918, the alphabetic spelling of Vietnam is official.
Article: Argentina
Section: Education

Question: What is the Literacy rate of people over the age of 15 in Argentina

Argentina built a national public education system in comparison to other nations, placing the country high in the global rankings of literacy.
Today Argentina has a literacy rate of 97.4%, and 16.2% over age 15 have completed secondary school studies or higher.
School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 17.
The Argentine school system consists of an elementary or lower school level lasting six or seven years, and a secondary or high school level lasting between five to six years, depending on the jurisdiction.
There are forty-seven national public universities across the country, as well as forty-six private ones.
The universities of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, La Plata, Rosario, and the National Technological University are among the most important.
Public universities faced cutbacks in spending during the 1980s and 1990s, which led to a decline in overall quality.
Four out of five Argentine adults have completed grade school, over a third have completed their secondary education and one in nine Argentine adults have college degrees.
Likewise, Argentina has the highest rate of university students in Latin America: official sources recently reported roughly 1,500,000 college students within the Argentine University System.
Article: Hamburger
Section: Frank and Charles Menches

Question: Why did they switch from pork sausage to beef in hamburgers?

Another claim from 1885 comes from Frank and Charles Menches who claim to have sold a ground beef sandwich at the Erie County Fair in Hamburg, New York.
During the fair, they ran out of pork sausage for their sandwiches and substituted beef.
Kunzog, who spoke to Frank Menches, says they exhausted their supply of sausage, so purchased chopped up beef from a butcher, Andrew Klein.
Though historian Joseph Streamer wrote that the meat was from Stein's market not Klein's; despite Stein having sold the market in 1874.
The story notes that the origin of the hamburger comes from Hamburg, New York not Hamburg Germany.
Yet Frank Menches's obituary in "The New York Times" states that these events took place at the 1892 Summit County Fair in Akron, Ohio.
Article: 2003 invasion of Iraq
Section: Military intervention vs diplomatic solution

Question: During what time did the boycott on French wine begin?

Criticisms about the evidence used to justify the war notwithstanding, many opponents of military intervention objected, saying that a diplomatic solution would be preferable, and that war should be reserved as a truly last resort.
This position was exemplified by French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin, who responded to U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell's 5 February 2003 presentation to the U.N Security Council by saying that: "Given the choice between military intervention and an inspections regime that is inadequate because of a failure to cooperate on Iraq's part, we must choose the decisive reinforcement of the means of inspections.
"In response to Donald Rumsfeld's reference to European countries that did not support the invasion of Iraq as 'Old Europe', Dominique de Villepin ended his speech with words that would later come to embody the French-German political, economic, and military alliance throughout the beginning of the 21st Century: "This message comes to you today from an old country, France, from a continent like mine, Europe, that has known wars, occupation and barbarity.
(…) Faithful to its values, it wishes resolutely to act with all the members of the international community.
It believes in our ability to build together a better world.
"The direct opposition between diplomatic solution and military intervention involving France and the United States which was personified by Chirac versus Bush and later Powell versus de Villepin, became a milestone in the Franco-American relations.
Anti-French propangada exploiting the classic Francophobic clichés immediately ensued in the United States and the United Kingdom.
A call for a boycott on French wine was launched in the United States and the "New York Post" covered on the 1944 "Sacrifice" of the GIs France would had forgotten.
It was followed a week later, on 20 February, by the British newspaper "The Sun" publishing a special issue entitled "Chirac is a worm" and including "ad hominem" attacks such as "Jacques Chirac has become the shame of Europe".
Actually both newspapers expressed the opinion of their owner, U.S. billionaire Rupert Murdoch, a military intervention supporter and a George W. Bush partisan as argued by Roy Greenslade in "The Guardian" published on 17 February.
Article: Victoria Falls
Section: Pre-colonial history

Question: Which British painter did the earliest depiction of Victoria Falls?

Archaeological sites around the falls have yielded "Homo habilis" stone artifacts from 3 million years ago, 50,000-year-old Middle Stone Age tools and Late Stone Age (10,000 and 2,000 years ago) weapons, adornments and digging tools.
Iron-using Khoisan hunter-gatherers displaced these Stone Age people and in turn were displaced by Bantu tribes such as the southern Tonga people known as the Batoka/Tokalea, who called the falls "Shungu na mutitima".
The Matabele, later arrivals, named them "aManz' aThunqayo", and the Batswana and Makololo (whose language is used by the Lozi people) call them "Mosi-o-Tunya".
All these names mean essentially "the smoke that thunders".
A map from c.1750 drawn by Jacques Nicolas Bellin for Abbé Antoine François Prevost d'Exiles marks the falls as "cataractes" and notes a settlement to the north of the Zambezi as being friendly with the Portuguese at the time.
Earlier still Nicolas de Fer's 1715 map of southern Africa has the fall clearly marked in the correct position.
It also has dotted lines denoting trade routes that David Livingstone followed 140 years later.
The first European to see the falls was David Livingstone on 17 November 1855, during his 1852–56 journey from the upper Zambezi to the mouth of the river.
The falls were well known to local tribes, and Voortrekker hunters may have known of them, as may the Arabs under a name equivalent to "the end of the world".
Europeans were sceptical of their reports, perhaps thinking that the lack of mountains and valleys on the plateau made a large falls unlikely.
Livingstone had been told about the falls before he reached them from upriver and was paddled across to a small island that now bears the name Livingstone Island in Zambia.
Livingstone had previously been impressed by the Ngonye Falls further upstream, but found the new falls much more impressive, and gave them their English name in honour of Queen Victoria.
He wrote of the falls, "No one can imagine the beauty of the view from anything witnessed in England.
It had never been seen before by European eyes; but scenes so lovely must have been gazed upon by angels in their flight.
"In 1860, Livingstone returned to the area and made a detailed study of the falls with John Kirk.
Other early European visitors included Portuguese explorer Serpa Pinto, Czech explorer Emil Holub, who made the first detailed plan of the falls and its surroundings in 1875 (published in 1880), and British artist Thomas Baines, who executed some of the earliest paintings of the falls.
Until the area was opened up by the building of the railway in 1905, though, the falls were seldom visited by other Europeans.
Article: Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
Section: Media coverage

Question: How many hours did NBC devote to the shooting in the first week?

As the shooting took place, ABC News was signing off from its electoral broadcast, while the CBS broadcast was already over.
It was not until 21 minutes after the shots that CBS's coverage of the shooting would begin.
The reporters who had been present to report on Kennedy's win in the primary ended up crowding into the kitchen where he had been shot and the immediate aftermath was captured only by audio recording and cameras that had no live transmission capability.
ABC was able to show scant live footage from the kitchen after Kennedy had been transported but unlike CBS and NBC, all of ABC's coverage from the Ambassador was in black and white.
CBS and NBC shot footage in the kitchen of the shooting's aftermath on color film, which could not be broadcast until it was developed two hours after the incident.
Reporter Andrew West of KRKD, a Mutual Broadcasting System radio affiliate in Los Angeles, captured on audio tape the sounds of the immediate aftermath of the shooting but not the actual shooting itself.
Using his reel-to-reel tape recorder and attached microphone, West had just recorded the senator's victory speech.
With the audio still rolling, West asked the Senator the following question... Andrew West: "Senator, how are you going to counter Mr. Humphrey and his backgrounding you as far as the delegate votes go?
"Senator Kennedy: "It just goes back to the struggle for it.
"After this brief exchange, West turned off his tape recorder and followed Kennedy and his entourage to the kitchen pantry.
Just a few minutes later, seconds after Kennedy was shot, West turned his recorder on again and started reporting the sudden developments... Andrew West: "Senator Kennedy has been shot!
Senator Kennedy has been shot; is that possible?
Is that possible?
It's...is it possible, ladies and gentlemen?
It is possible, he has...not only Senator Kennedy, oh my God.
Senator Kennedy has been shot, and another man, a Kennedy campaign manager, and possibly shot in the head.
"Several seconds later, West gave an on-the-spot account of the struggle with Sirhan in the hotel kitchen pantry, shouting at Rafer Johnson to "Get the gun, Rafer, get the gun!"
and telling others to "get a hold of thumb and break it, if you have to!
Get his thumb!...
We don't want another Oswald!
"Over the following week, NBC devoted 55 hours to the shooting and aftermath, ABC 43, and CBS 42, with all three networks preempting their regular coverage and advertisements to cover the story.
Article: The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)
Section: Restoration

Question: When the "fig leaf" was removed, what was discovered about the figure below and to the right of St. Bartholomew in Michelango's "The Last Judgement"?

The fresco was restored along with the Sistine vault between 1980 and 1994 under the supervision of curator of the Vatican Museums Frabrizio Mancinelli.
The illustration reflects the restoration.
During the course of the restoration about half of the censorship of the "Fig-Leaf Campaign" was removed.
Numerous pieces of buried details, caught under the smoke and grime of scores of years were revealed after the restoration.
It was discovered that the fresco of Biagio de Cesena as Minos with donkey ears was being bitten in the genitalia by a coiled snake.
Another discovery is of the figure condemned to Hell directly below and to the right of St. Bartholomew with flayed skin.
It was, for centuries, considered to be male until removal of the "fig leaf" showed that it was female.
Article: Anatomy
Section: Other branches of anatomy

Question: What is the study of anatomy for artistic reasons called?

Superficial or surface anatomy is important as the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the exterior contours of the body.
It enables physicians or veterinary surgeons to gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures.
Superficial is a directional term that indicates that structures are located relatively close to the surface of the body.
Comparative anatomy relates to the comparison of anatomical structures (both gross and microscopic) in different animals.
Anthropological anatomy or physical anthropology relates to the comparison of the anatomy of different races of humans.
Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons.
Article: American Hustle
Section: Historical accuracy

Question: When did Melvin Weinberg begin working for his father?

"American Hustle" does not attempt to directly document the events of Abscam.
The names are changed, and the film begins with the on-screen message, "Some of this actually happened".
Major departures from reality include:
 In the film, Irving Rosenfeld begins a life of criminality when he smashes storefront windows as a child in order to provide more work for his father's glass-installation business.
In real life, Melvin Weinberg began working for his father only as an adult.
He did smash windows at that point, and according to one article after Abscam was revealed, it was indeed done to shore up business for Weinberg's father.
A later report, however, states that it was done at the behest of the local union, to punish businesses who used non-union glaziers.
 In the film, Camden mayor Carmine Polito is shown as a selfless politician who gets involved in the scam only to provide jobs to his constituents; Irving feels so bad for Carmine that he engineers a reduced sentence for him.
In reality, though Camden mayor Angelo Errichetti was widely praised for caring about the people of Camden, he also had a reputation for committing crimes.
During the Abscam operation, he offered to get the fake sheikh into illegal businesses such as money counterfeiting and drug smuggling.
Though Weinberg developed a fondness for Errichetti as a man who "didn't beat around the bush", he made no attempt to protect Errichetti from prosecution.
 Evelyn Knight, Weinberg's mistress on whom the character of Sydney Prosser is based, was involved in Weinberg's scams, though to a lesser extent than shown in the film; and she was not involved in Abscam.
She was also English, not an American impersonating an Englishwoman as shown in the film.
 Weinberg's wife Cynthia Marie Weinberg, the basis for Rosalyn Rosenfeld, is not known to have had an affair with someone from the mafia, nor did she nearly blow Weinberg's cover.
 The character of Richie DiMaso is based to some extent on federal agent Tony Amoroso, although in real life Amoroso was just one of a number of agents involved in setting up and executing the scam.
 In the film, the sheikh is impersonated by a Mexican-American FBI agent with very limited Arabic.
In real life, the sheikh was played by two different agents: first briefly by an American, Mike Denehy, who spoke no Arabic, then by a Lebanese-American.
Article: DNA
Section: Nucleobase classification

Question: Is uracil usually found in DNA?

The nucleobases are classified into two types: the purines, A and G, being fused five- and six-membered heterocyclic compounds, and the pyrimidines, the six-membered rings C and T. A fifth pyrimidine nucleobase, uracil (U), usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring.
In addition to RNA and DNA a large number of artificial nucleic acid analogues have also been created to study the properties of nucleic acids, or for use in biotechnology.
Uracil is not usually found in DNA, occurring only as a breakdown product of cytosine.
However in a number of bacteriophages – "Bacillus subtilis" bacteriophages PBS1 and PBS2 and "Yersinia" bacteriophage piR1-37 – thymine has been replaced by uracil.
Another phage - Staphylococcal phage S6 - has been identified with a genome where thymine has been replaced by uracil.
Base J (beta-d-glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil), a modified form of uracil, is also found in a number of organisms: the flagellates "Diplonema" and "Euglena", and all the kinetoplastid genera Biosynthesis of J occurs in two steps: in the first step a specific thymidine in DNA is converted into hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine; in the second HOMedU is glycosylated to form J. Proteins that bind specifically to this base have been identified.
These proteins appear to be distant relatives of the Tet1 oncogene that is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia.
J appears to act as a termination signal for RNA polymerase II.