community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Industrial Revolution
Section: Food and nutrition

Question: What reduced per capita income prior to the industrial revolution?

Chronic hunger and malnutrition were the norm for the majority of the population of the world including Britain and France, until the latter part of the 19th century.
Until about 1750, in large part due to malnutrition, life expectancy in France was about 35 years, and only slightly higher in Britain.
The U.S. population of the time was adequately fed, were much taller and had life expectancy of 45–50 years.
In Britain and the Netherlands food supply had been increasing and prices falling before the Industrial Revolution due to better agricultural practices; however, population was increasing as well, as noted by Thomas Malthus.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, advances in agriculture or technology soon led to an increase in population, which again strained food and other resources, limiting increases in per capita income.
This condition is called the Malthusian trap, and it was finally overcome by industrialization.
Transportation improvements, such as canals and improved roads, also lowered food costs.
Railroads were introduced near the end of the Industrial Revolution.
Article: Judo
Section: Judo "waza" (techniques)

Question: "Nage-waza" is mostly attributed to what martial art?

 "waza" (techniques).
There are three basic categories of in judo: , and .
Judo is most known for "nage-waza" and "katame-waza".
Judo practitioners typically devote a portion of each practice session to , in order that "nage-waza" can be practiced without significant risk of injury.
Several distinct types of "ukemi" exist, including ; ; ; and The person who performs a "Waza" is known as and the person to whom it is performed is known as .
Article: Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)
Section: Salvador Dalí and the Spanish Civil War

Question: Who was trapped in the strike and an armed uprising by Catalan seperatists?

Dalí and his wife, Gala, were trapped in the middle of a general strike and an armed uprising by Catalan separatists in 1934, in Catalonia, and this may have influenced his Spanish Civil War motif.
Salvador and Gala had to run away to Paris, where they got married.
Dalí and Gala had hired an escort to take them safely to Paris, but the escort died on his return because of the stresses of the Spanish Civil War.
When Dalí had finally returned home, his house in Port Lligat was destroyed by the war.
He was also greatly affected because his friend was executed in the war and his sister Ana Maria was imprisoned and tortured.
Article: Michelangelo
Section: Early life, 1475-88

Question: Who claims to have descended from the COuntess Mathilde of Canossa?

Early life, 1475-88.
Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese near Arezzo, Tuscany.
(Today, Caprese is known as Caprese Michelangelo).
For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence, the bank had failed and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born.
At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the Judicial administrator of the small town of Caprese and local administrator of Chiusi.
Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena.
The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa; this claim remains unproven, but Michelangelo himself believed it.
Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where Michelangelo was raised.
At later times, during his mother's prolonged illness and after her death in 1481, when he was just six years old, Michelangelo lived with a stonecutter and his wife and family in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm.
Giorgio Vasari quotes Michelangelo:
Article: How to Save a Life
Section: Personnel

Question: Who played piano and also sung lead vocals?

Isaac Slade - lead vocals, piano
Joe King - guitars, bass, backing vocals
Dave Welsh - guitars
Ben Wysocki - drums, percussion
Article: Physiology
Section: History

Question: What has recently been considered its own subdiscipline?

The study of human physiology dates back to at least 420  BC to the time of Hippocrates, also known as the father of medicine.
The critical thinking of Aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece, while Claudius Galenus (c. 126–199 AD), known as Galen, was the first to use experiments to probe the functions of the body.
Galen was the founder of experimental physiology.
Jean Fernel, a French physician, introduced the term "physiology" in 1525.
In the 19th century, physiological knowledge began to accumulate at a rapid rate, in particular with the 1838 appearance of the Cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.
It radically stated that organisms are made up of units called cells.
Claude Bernard's (1813–1878) further discoveries ultimately led to his concept of "milieu interieur" (internal environment), which would later be taken up and championed as "homeostasis" by American physiologist Walter Cannon.
In the 20th century, biologists also became interested in how organisms other than human beings function, eventually spawning the fields of comparative physiology and ecophysiology.
Major figures in these fields include Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew.
Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline.
Article: Pakistan
Section: Colonial period

Question: When did Britain end its rule in India?

The gradual decline of the Mughal Empire in the early eighteenth century enabled Sikh rulers to control large areas until the British East India Company gained ascendancy over South Asia.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was the region's major armed struggle against the British.
The largely non-violent independence struggle led by the Indian National Congress engaged millions of protesters in mass campaigns of civil disobedience in the 1920s and 1930s.
The All-India Muslim League rose to popularity in the late 1930s amid fears of under-representation and neglect of Muslims in politics.
In his presidential address of 29 December 1930, Muhammad Iqbal called for "the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State" consisting of Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, espoused the two-nation theory and led the Muslim League to adopt the Lahore Resolution of 1940, popularly known as the Pakistan Resolution.
In early 1947, Britain announced the decision to end its rule in India.
In June 1947, the nationalist leaders of British India—including Jawaharlal Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad representing the Congress, Jinnah representing the Muslim League, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs—agreed to the proposed terms of transfer of power and independence.
The modern state of Pakistan was established on 14 August 1947 (27 Ramadan 1366 in the Islamic Calendar) in the eastern and northwestern regions of British India, where there was a Muslim majority.
It comprised the provinces of Balochistan, East Bengal, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab and Sindh.
The partition of the Punjab and Bengal provinces led to communal riots across India and Pakistan; millions of Muslims moved to Pakistan and millions of Hindus and Sikhs moved to India.
Dispute over Jammu and Kashmir led to the First Kashmir War.
Article: Mexico
Section: Tourism

Question: Where does Mexico rank according to the 2011 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index report?

Mexico has been traditionally among the most visited countries in the world according to the World Tourism Organization and it is the most visited country in the Americas, after the United States.
The most notable attractions are the Meso-American ruins, cultural festivals, colonial cities, nature reserves and the beach resorts.
The nation's temperate climate and unique culture – a fusion of the European and the Meso-American – make Mexico an attractive destination.
The peak tourism seasons in the country are during December and the mid-Summer, with brief surges during the week before Easter and Spring break, when many of the beach resort sites become popular destinations for college students from the United States.
Mexico has the 23rd highest income from tourism in the world, and the highest in Latin America.
The vast majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada followed by Europe and Asia.
A smaller number also come from other Latin American countries.
In the 2011 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index report, Mexico was ranked 43rd in the world, which was 4th in the Americas .
The coastlines of Mexico harbor many stretches of beaches that are frequented by sun bathers and other visitors.
On the Yucatán peninsula, one of the most popular beach destinations is the resort town of Cancún, especially among university students during spring break.
Just offshore is the beach island of Isla Mujeres, and to the east is the Isla Holbox.
To the south of Cancun is the coastal strip called Riviera Maya which includes the beach town of Playa del Carmen and the ecological parks of Xcaret and Xel-Há.
A day trip to the south of Cancún is the historic port of Tulum.
In addition to its beaches, the town of Tulum is notable for its cliff-side Mayan ruins.
On the Pacific coast is the notable tourist destination of Acapulco.
Once the destination for the rich and famous, the beaches have become crowded and the shores are now home to many multi-story hotels and vendors.
Acapulco is home to renowned cliff divers: trained divers who leap from the side of a vertical cliff into the surf below.
At the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula is the resort town of Cabo San Lucas, a town noted for its beaches and marlin fishing.
Further north along the Sea of Cortés is the Bahía de La Concepción, another beach town known for its sports fishing.
Closer to the United States border is the weekend draw of San Felipe, Baja California.
Article: Brazil
Section: Abstract

Question: Who has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years?

Brazil (, ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in both South America and the Latin American region.
It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population.
It is the largest Lusophone country in the world, and the only one in the Americas.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of .
It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay.
Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz.
It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and occupies 47 percent of the continent of South America.
Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500, who claimed the area for Portugal.
Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro after French forces led by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal.
In 1815, it was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
Its independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system.
The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military "coup d'état" proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824.
An authoritarian military junta had led the nation from 1964 until 1985.
Brazil's current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a federal republic.
The Federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, and the 5,564 municipalities.
The Brazilian economy is the world's seventh largest by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity, as of 2012.
A member of the BRIC group, Brazil has one of the world's fastest growing major economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition and influence.
Brazil's national development bank (BNDES) plays an important role for the country's economic growth.
Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, CPLP, Latin Union, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the Organization of American States, Mercosul and the Union of South American Nations.
Brazil is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a variety of wildlife, natural environments, and extensive natural resources in a variety of protected habitats.
Brazil is a regional power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs, with some analysts identifying it as an emerging global power.
Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.
Article: Glad You Came
Section: Music video

Question: What is the location where the video for "Glad You Cane" was shot?

The music video was created by Director X and was filmed in Ibiza, Spain.
It sees the band on the beach, in a club and at a houseparty each with an individual woman.
It was uploaded to YouTube on 10 June 2011.
Jay McGuiness revealed to MTV UK: "The theory of the video was take The Wanted to Ibiza and just film everything and then just cut bits that were useable.
But the girls were models, they weren't just girls we picked."
However Max George admitted: "Actually no, the girl I had to spend time with was just literally picked up off the street after a night out."
The video has achieved over 74 million views on YouTube, becoming their most watched video on the site.
It also starred a cameo from footballer John-Joe O'Toole.
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Music video

Question: Who is the actor in the Uk music video for Chasing Cars?

There are two music videos: one for UK, one for the US.
In the music video for UK, Gary Lightbody lies on open ground as cameras film him from different angles.
It starts raining, splashing his face and hands.
Gary enters a pool of water next to him and in the end of the video, he gets out of the water, rises on his feet and looks up at the camera as it zooms out overhead.
In the US music video, Lightbody is shown lying down in busy places while singing.
People ignore him and step over him.
Among the places he lies are a diner, an intersection, at the top of an escalator, in a subway car, at the top of a hill overlooking a highway, and at the end on a bed.
Article: Hey Jude
Section: Personnel

Question: Who did vocals in Hey Jude?

Paul McCartney – lead vocal, piano, bass
John Lennon – backing vocal, acoustic guitar
George Harrison – backing vocal, electric guitar
Ringo Starr – backing vocal, drums, tambourine
Uncredited – 10 violins, three violas, three cellos, two double basses, two flutes, two clarinets, one bass clarinet, one bassoon, one contrabassoon, four trumpets, two horns, four trombones, and one percussion instrument.
EMI archives do not record the names of the studio musicians, but it has been established that one of the cellists was Bobby Kok, and two of the flautists were Bill Jackman and Brian Warren.
Personnel per Ian MacDonald and Mark Lewisohn.
Article: Human swimming
Section: Sport

Question: How many yards long is an American competitive swimming pool?

Swimming as a sport predominantly involves competition among participants to be the fastest over a given distance under self propulsion.
Different distances are swum in different levels of competition.
For example, swimming has been part of Olympic Swimming since 1896, and the current program contains events from 50m to 1500m in length, across all four main strokes and medley.
The sport is governed internationally by the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), and competition pools for FINA events are 25 or 50 metres in length.
In the United States of America, USA Swimming is the governing body and a pool 25 yards in length is commonly used for competition.
There are other swimming and water related sporting disciplines including diving, synchronised swimming and water polo, as well as sports which include a swimming element, such as triathlon and modern pentathlon.
Article: Kung Fu Panda
Section: Cast

Question: What character does Jack Black provide voice acting for in Kung Fu Panda?

 Jack Black as Po, an energetic yet accident-prone giant panda.
He is also a die-hard fan of the Furious Five and kung fu, despite the fact that his father wants him take over the family noodle shop.
To everyone's surprise, Po is chosen as the Dragon Warrior by Master Oogway, and in the end he defeats Tai Lung.
 Dustin Hoffman as Master Shifu, an old red panda who is the stern kung fu master to the Five and (unwillingly) to Po; he is troubled over mistakes in the past and is the former-master and adoptive father of Tai Lung.
 Angelina Jolie as Tigress, a tiger and leader of the Furious Five.
She is the most hostile to Po when he's chosen as the Dragon Warrior, but eventually accepts him when he defeats Tai Lung.
 Jackie Chan as Monkey, a Gee's golden langur and member of the Furious Five; he has an easygoing attitude, and like Sun Wukong, the Monkey of Chinese folktales, he is adept with a staff.
 Lucy Liu as Viper, a Green Tree Viper and member of the Furious Five; she is kind and the most good-natured to Po when he is chosen as the Dragon Warrior.
 Seth Rogen as Mantis, a Chinese mantis and member of the Furious Five; he is extremely strong for his size and is also experienced in acupuncture.
 David Cross as Crane, a Red-crowned Crane and another member of the Furious Five; he tends to be both practical and sarcastic.
 Ian McShane as Tai Lung, a muscular snow leopard, who was denied the Dragon Scroll by Master Oogway.
After rampaging the Valley of Peace for being denied the scroll, Tai Lung was sent to Chorh-Gom Prison for twenty years, after which he escaped and returned for revenge.
He is the adoptive son and former-student of Shifu.
 Randall Duk Kim as Master Oogway, Shifu's mentor and the wise leader of the Jade Palace.
He is an ancient Galápagos tortoise.
 James Hong as Mr. Ping, Po's father, a happy-go-lucky Chinese goose who runs a noodle restaurant along with his son, who is unwilling to follow in his father's footsteps.
 Dan Fogler as Zeng, a Chinese goose who is Shifu's nervous messenger.
 Michael Clarke Duncan as Commander Vachir, a Javan rhinoceros who is the boastful warden of Chorh-Gom Prison, where Tai Lung is imprisoned.
Article: Universal Studios Florida
Section: Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone

Question: What attraction is at the end in Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone?

Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is the park's children's area named after Universal Studios' mascot, Woody Woodpecker.
The area was originally part of World Expo, but was divided into its own section with the opening of a junior roller coaster named "Woody Woodpecker's Nuthouse Coaster" in 1999.
In addition to the junior roller coaster, Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is home to three attractions and three shows.
"Fievel's Playland" is a children's playground which includes a spider web to climb and a long water slide.
The attraction opened in 1992.
A second children's play area opened six years later.
Curious George Goes to Town is a play area featuring two large water troughs that dump 500 gallons of water on its visitors every few minutes, and a ball area where guests can shoot soft, foam balls out of cannons.
The final attraction is E.T.
Adventure which opened in 1990, the ride is a dark ride based on the 1982 hit film "E.T.
the Extra-Terrestrial".
Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is home to three shows which are performed multiple times per day.
A Day in the Park with Barney is a live, sing-along stage show featuring Barney and his friends.
Animal Actors On Location is a 20-minute live stage show featuring trained animals showcasing their talent.
StarToons Summer Jam is a live show featuring classic Universal cartoon characters performing to beach party songs.
It is the fourth version of the show to be held at the park, the previous three versions being "StarToons", in the Production Central area, as well as"StarToons Character Meet and Greet" and "StarToons: 80's Rewind", also in the Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone area.
Guests can purchase food and beverage items from the "Kidzone Pizza Company" in Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone.
As with the rest of the park, merchandise shops have been designed to offer specific merchandise related to that area's attractions.
"The Barney Store" and "E.T.
's Toy Closet" sell merchandise specific to A Day in the Park with Barney and E.T.
Adventure respectively.
The "Universal Cartoon Store", on the other hand, sells merchandise of various cartoon characters, including Woody Woodpecker and Scooby Doo.
On May 28, 2012, the Universal Cartoon Store was replaced with a SpongeBob SquarePants-themed store called SpongeBob StorePants.
Ever since then it has been the newest addition to Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone since the Kidzone opened in 1999.
Article: Eiffel Tower
Section: Restaurants

Question: Who is the head chef of the restraunt?

The tower has two restaurants: "Le 58 tour Eiffel", on the first floors and the "Le Jules Verne", a gourmet restaurant on the second floor, with a private lift.
This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide.
It is run by the multi-Michelin star chef Alain Ducasse.
Article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Section: Abstract

Question: Which play did Lincoln get shot at?

United States President Abraham Lincoln was shot on Good Friday, April 14, 1865, while attending the play "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theatre as the American Civil War was drawing to a close.
The assassination occurred five days after the commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, General Robert E. Lee, surrendered to Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Army of the Potomac, ending the American Civil War.
Lincoln was the first American president to be assassinated, though an unsuccessful attempt had been made on Andrew Jackson 30 years before in 1835.
The assassination of Lincoln was planned and carried out by the well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth, as part of a larger conspiracy in a bid to revive the Confederate cause.
Booth's co-conspirators were Lewis Powell and David Herold, who were assigned to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward, and George Atzerodt who was to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson.
By simultaneously eliminating the top three people in the administration, Booth and his co-conspirators hoped to sever the continuity of the United States government.
Lincoln was shot while watching the play "Our American Cousin" with his wife Mary Todd Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C..
He died early the next morning.
The rest of the conspirators' plot failed; Powell only managed to wound Seward, while Atzerodt, Johnson's would-be assassin, lost his nerve and fled to Washington.