community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Romania
Section: Middle Ages

Question: In 1812, which country was Bessarabia occupied by?

"Gesta Hungarorum" mentioned the existence of three voivodeships in Transylvania in the 9th century: the Voivodeship of Gelou, the Voivodeship of Glad and the Voivodeship of Menumorut.
The anonymous author describes the first as Vlach.
Another voivodeship, ruled by Gyula, was mentioned in the 11th century.
A Russian chronicle writes of a plundering raid in 1059 against Transylvania by Cumans and Vlachs.
An Old Bulgarian inscription from 1176 attests the existence of a župan Dimitri who ruled over Dobruja in 943.
In the Middle Ages, Romanians lived in three distinct principalities: Wallachia ( – "The Romanian Land"), Moldavia () and Transylvania ().
By the 11th century, Transylvania had become a largely autonomous part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
It was independent as the Principality of Transylvania from the 16th century until 1711.
In Wallachia and Moldavia, many small local states with varying degrees of independence developed.
Only in the 14th century did the larger principalities of Wallachia (1310) and Moldavia (around 1352) emerge to fight the threat of the Ottoman Empire.
Both territories inhabited by Romanians achieved their independence from the Hungarian Crown after military conflicts (Battle of Posada, 1330) or social conflicts (Moldavian boyars' revolt against Hungary, 1364) — these historic events being initiated by Basarab I of Wallachia (1310–1352) and Bogdan I of Moldavia (1359–1365).
By 1541, the entire Balkan peninsula and most of Hungary had become Ottoman provinces.
Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania were under Ottoman suzerainty, preserving partial or full internal autonomy until the mid-19th century (Transylvania until 1699).
During this period, in the Romanian lands the feudal system slowly disappeared.
A few rulers of territories in what is now Romania distinguished themselves: these rulers include Stephen the Great, Vasile Lupu, and Dimitrie Cantemir in Moldavia; Matei Basarab, Vlad the Impaler, and Constantin Brâncoveanu in Wallachia; and John Hunyadi ("Ioannes Corvinus") and Gabriel Bethlen in Transylvania.
In 1600, the principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania were simultaneously headed by the Wallachian prince Michael the Brave ("Mihai Viteazul"), but the chance for a lasting unification was lost after Mihai was assassinated only one year later.
After his death, as vassal tributary states, Moldavia and Wallachia had complete internal autonomy and external independence, which they finally lost in the 18th century.
In 1699, Transylvania became a territory of the Habsburgs' Austrian empire following the Austrian victory over the Turks in the Great Turkish War.
The Habsburgs in turn expanded their empire in 1718 to include an important part of Wallachia called Oltenia (which was returned only in 1739), and in 1775 to include the northwestern part of Moldavia, later called Bukovina.
The eastern half of the Moldavian principality (called Bessarabia) was occupied in 1812 by Russia.
Article: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Section: Influence of El Greco

Question: Wh was one of Picasso's friends who acquired one of El Greco's masterpieces??

In 1907, when Picasso began to work on "Les Demoiselles", one of the old master painters he greatly admired was El Greco (1541–1614).
At the time El Greco was largely obscure and under-appreciated.
Picasso's friend Ignacio Zuloaga (1870–1945) acquired El Greco's masterpiece, the "Opening of the Fifth Seal", in 1897 for 1000 pesetas.
While Picasso was working on , he visited his friend Ignacio Zuloaga in his studio in Paris and studied El Greco's "Opening of the Fifth Seal."
The relation between and the "Opening of the Fifth Seal" was pinpointed in the early 1980s, when the stylistic similarities and the relationship between the motifs and visually identifying qualities of both works were analysed.
El Greco's painting which Picasso studied over and over in Zuloaga's house inspired not only the size, format, and composition of "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" but it inspired its apocalyptic power.
Later, speaking of the work to Dor de la Souchère in Antibes, Picasso said: "In any case, only the execution counts.
From this point of view, it is correct to say that Cubism has a Spanish origin and that I invented Cubism.
We must look for the Spanish influence in Cézanne.
Things themselves necessitate it, the influence of El Greco, a Venetian painter, on him.
But his structure is Cubist.
"The relationship of the painting to other group portraits in the Western tradition, such as "Diana and Callisto" by Titian (1488–1576), and the same subject by Rubens (1577–1640), in the Prado, has also been discussed.
Article: American Dad!
Section: Episode misreporting by Fox

Question: To date, what has yet to be revealed in American Dad.

It is evident that Fox either miscounts "American Dad!"
episodes or at least intentionally discounts one episode of the series.
This was established in Fox advertisements for the episode "Lost in Space."
The episode was promoted by Fox as "American Dad!
"s 150th episode.
Subsequently, numerous mainstream media reports also labeled the episode as the 150th.
In actuality, however, it was the show's 151st episode while the episode "The Full Cognitive Redaction of Avery Bullock by the Coward Stan Smith" was the 150th episode of the series.
In addition, Fox has misreported the "Lost in Space" episode as the revealing of Roger's birth planet.
In actuality, the setting of this episode is a spaceship owned by members of Roger's alien race.
To date, Roger's birth planet has yet to be revealed.
Article: Curry
Section: Curries of Punjab

Question: The spice level should be what?

Punjab is a rich agricultural land, where fresh vegetables and fruits have always been accessible.
A typical Punjabi meal consists of some form of bread or rice with a "salan" (curry).
Most preparations start with the frying of a masala which is a concoction of ginger, garlic, onions and tomatoes with some dried spices.
This is followed by the addition of other ingredients.
Spice level varies greatly depending on the sub-region as well as the household itself.
A popular cooking fat is pure desi ghee, and some dishes are often enriched with liberal amounts of butter and cream.
There are certain dishes that are exclusive to Punjab, such as maash di dal and saron da saag (sarson ka saag).
Article: Man at the Crossroads
Section: Work

Question: What meaning did the painting Man at the Crossroads have to Rivera?

Rivera's composition depicted many aspects of contemporary social and scientific culture.
In the center, a workman was depicted controlling machinery.
Before him, a giant fist emerged holding an orb depicting the recombination of atoms and dividing cells in acts of chemical and biological generation.
From the central figure four propeller-like shapes stretched to the corner of the composition, depicting arcs of light created by giant lenses anchoring the left and right edges of the space.
Rivera described these as "elongated ellipses".
Within these, cosmological and biological forces such as exploding suns and cell-forms were depicted.
These represented the discoveries made possible by the telescope and the microscope.
Between and beyond the arcs were scenes of modern social life.
Wealthy society women are seen playing cards and smoking at the left.
Opposite, on the right, Lenin is seen holding hands with a multi-racial group of workers.
Soldiers and war machinery occupied the top left above the society women, and a Russian May Day rally with red flags was seen at the right, above Lenin.
For Rivera, this represented contrasting social visions: the "debauched rich" watched by the unemployed while war rages; and a socialist utopia ushered in by Lenin.
Beyond the giant lenses to left and right were depicted figures contemplating the central scene, behind which were gigantic classical statues.
The one on the left depicted an angry Jupiter, whose raised hand holding a thunderbolt has been stuck off by a lightening strike.
The one on the right was a headless seated Caesar.
For Rivera these represented the replacement of superstition by scientific mastery of nature, and the overthrow of authoritarian rule by liberated workers.
The bottom part of the painting was to depict the controlled growth of natural resources, in the form of a variety of plants emerging from their roots, visible in a cut-away view under the soil.
However, this section was never completed.
It exists only in the later recreation of the composition in Mexico.
Article: Water polo
Section: Advancing the ball

Question: Where can the attacker go with the ball that would result in it being turned over to the defense in water polo?

When the offense takes possession of the ball, the strategy is to advance the ball down the field of play and to score a goal.
Players can move the ball by throwing it to a teammate or swimming with the ball in front of them ("dribbling").
If an attacker uses his/her arm to push away a defending player and free up space for a pass or shot, the referee will rule a turnover and the defence will take possession of the ball.
If an attacker advances inside the 2-meter line without the ball or before the ball is inside the 2-meter area, (s)he is ruled offside and the ball is turned over to the defence.
This is often overlooked if the attacker is well to the side of the pool or when the ball is at the other side of the pool.
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Resorts

Question: What is the Express Pass?

The resort features three official on-site hotels: Loews Royal Pacific Hotel, the Hard Rock Hotel, and Loews Portofino Bay Hotel & Spa.
All three hotels are located in close proximity to the Universal Orlando theme parks.
The hotels offer guests free water taxi or shuttle bus service to the Universal Orlando theme parks.
Another benefit is that the guest room key works as an "Express Pass", allowing the guest to bypass the Stand-by line at participating attractions.
Theme park guests who are not staying at the Universal official hotels are able to purchase "Express Passes" at an additional cost.
Article: Space Needle
Section: In culture

Question: How many pieces are in the Lego set of the Space Needle?

Being a major symbol of the Pacific Northwest, the Space Needle has made numerous appearances in films, TV shows and other works of fiction.
A few examples of films include "It Happened at the World's Fair" (1962), where it was used as a filming location, and "Sleepless in Seattle" (1993).
In the 1974 film "The Parallax View", the inside and outside platforms of the observation deck are the setting for a political assassination, and there's a brief chase on the roof above it.
In the 1999 film "", it served as a base of operations for the villain Doctor Evil with the word Starbucks written across its saucer after his henchman Number 2 shifted the organization's resources toward the coffee company.
It is also featured prominently in "Chronicle" (2012), and is a key element in the film's climax.
In TV shows, one of the most prominent showings is in the series "Frasier" where an outline of it appears in the opening credits and the base of it is visible from the high-rise condo although the view is really a composite image as there are no high rise condos in the right area of that height.
It also appears in nearly every episode of the Seattle-set series "Grey's Anatomy", often in helicopter fly-by shots.
The Space Needle also makes appearances in Nickelodeon TV show "iCarly" where it can be seen with other surrounding buildings in the Seattle area.
Other TV appearances include The History Channel's "Life After People" where it collapses after 200 years because of corrosion.
It was also destroyed in the TV miniseries "10.5" when a 7.9 earthquake hits Seattle.
The movie mistakenly portrays the Needle as crumbling concrete, though the structure is actually made of iron and it would have survived a 7.9 earthquake in real life.
The needle is also featured in some episodes of "Bill Nye the Science Guy", such as the episode "Storms" where Bill Nye uses the lightning rod on top of it as an example of conducting lightning strikes.
It also appears many times as a refuge for the hero of "Dark Angel".
In video games, it has been used to represent Seattle in "Pilotwings 64" and "Rock Band" and it appears in the Seattle Circuit reverse of "Gran Turismo 4".
The Space Needle and the area around it also appear in the last campaign mission of "World in Conflict" as the site of the Soviet invasion force's last stand.
The Space Needle is in the map "Seattle" of Godzilla: Saves the Earth, for the original Xbox.
The Space Needle has been used for some other purposes as well, including a large 57 piece Lego construction set of it that has been released as part of Lego Architecture's structures.
The Needle is also featured on the logo of the Major League Soccer team Seattle Sounders FC.
The Space Needle is featured in "."
Article: Cold War
Section: Sino-Soviet split, space race, ICBMs

Question: When was the first Soviet satellite launched?

The period after 1956 was marked by serious setbacks for the Soviet Union, most notably the breakdown of the Sino-Soviet alliance, beginning the Sino-Soviet split.
Mao had defended Stalin when Khrushchev attacked him after his death in 1956, and treated the new Soviet leader as a superficial upstart, accusing him of having lost his revolutionary edge.
For his part, Khrushchev, disturbed by Mao's glib attitude toward nuclear war, referred to the Chinese leader as a "lunatic on a throne".
After this, Khrushchev made many desperate attempts to reconstitute the Sino-Soviet alliance, but Mao considered it useless and denied any proposal.
The Chinese-Soviet animosity spilled out in an intra-communist propaganda war.
Further on, the Soviets focused on a bitter rivalry with Mao's China for leadership of the global communist movement.
On the nuclear weapons front, the United States and the USSR pursued nuclear rearmament and developed long-range weapons with which they could strike the territory of the other.
In August 1957, the Soviets successfully launched the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and in October, launched the first Earth satellite, Sputnik.
The launch of Sputnik inaugurated the Space Race.
This culminated in the Apollo Moon landings, which astronaut Frank Borman later described as "just a battle in the Cold War."
Article: The Cabin in the Woods
Section: Abstract

Question: When was the film shown at South by Southwest?

The Cabin in the Woods is a 2012 American satirical horror film directed by Drew Goddard in his directorial debut, produced by Joss Whedon, and written by Whedon and Goddard.
The film stars Kristen Connolly, Chris Hemsworth, Anna Hutchison, Fran Kranz, and Jesse Williams.
Goddard and Whedon, having worked together previously on "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Angel", wrote the screenplay in three days, describing it as an attempt to "revitalize" the slasher film genre and as a critical satire on torture porn.
"The A.V.
Club", elaborating on this description, wrote, "Where "Scream" put a postmodern twist on slasher films, "The Cabin In The Woods" takes on the whole genre and twists even harder...
The script brings to the fore Whedon’s love of subverting clichés while embracing them and teasing out their deeper meaning.
"Filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, from March to May 2009 on an estimated budget of $30 million.
Scheduled to be released on February 5, 2010, the release was delayed until January 14, 2011 so that the film could be converted into 3D.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's financial troubles then delayed the release indefinitely.
The distribution rights were bought by Lionsgate in April 2011, who cancelled the planned 3D conversion.
The film then premiered on March 9, 2012 at the South by Southwest film festival in Austin, Texas and was released in the United States on April 13, 2012.
The film was both a critical and financial success receiving positive reviews, featuring on Metacritic's best films of 2012 list and grossing over $65 million worldwide.
Article: Lasagne
Section: Etymology

Question: Give the greek name for lasagne.

In the Ancient Rome, there was a dish similar to the lasagne called "lasana" or "lasanum" (Latin word for "container", "pot") described in the book "L'arte culinaria" by Marcus Gavius Apicius, but the word could have a more ancient origin.
The first theory is that "lasagne" comes from Greek λάγανον ("laganon"), a flat sheet of pasta dough cut into strips.
The word λαγάνα ("lagana") is still used in Greek to mean a flat thin type of unleavened bread.
Another theory is that the word lasagne comes from the Greek λάσανα ("lasana") or λάσανον ("lasanon") meaning "trivet or stand for a pot", "chamber pot".
The Romans borrowed the word as "lasanum", meaning "cooking pot" in Latin.
The Italians used the word to refer to the dish in which lasagne is made.
Later the name of the food took on the name of the serving dish.
A third theory proposed that the dish is a development of the 14th century English recipe "Loseyn" as described in "The Forme of Cury", a cook book in use during the reign of Richard II.
This has similarities to modern lasagne in both its recipe, which features a layering of ingredients between pasta sheets, and its name.
An important difference is the lack of tomatoes, which did not arrive in Europe until after Columbus reached America in 1492.
The earliest discussion of the tomato in European literature appeared in a herbal written in 1544 by Pietro Andrea Mattioli while the earliest discovered cookbook with tomato recipes was published in Naples in 1692, though the author had apparently obtained these recipes from Spanish sources.
As with most other types of pasta, the word is a plural form, "lasagne" meaning more than one sheet of "lasagna".
Article: Yellowstone National Park
Section: Legal jurisdiction

Question: How did the defendant plead in his case relating to wildlife crime?

The entire park is within the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming, making it the only federal court district that includes portions of more than one state (Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming).
Law professor Brian C. Kalt has argued that it may be impossible to impanel a jury in compliance with the Vicinage Clause of the Sixth Amendment for a crime committed solely in the unpopulated Idaho portion of the park (and that it would be difficult to do so for a crime committed solely in the lightly populated Montana portion).
One defendant accused of a wildlife-related crime in the Montana portion of the park attempted to raise this argument.
He eventually pleaded guilty.
Article: American Revolution
Section: Role of women

Question: Were patriot women allowed to legally divorce their husbands?

Women contributed to the American Revolution in many ways, and were involved on both sides.
While formal Revolutionary politics did not include women, ordinary domestic behaviors became charged with political significance as Patriot women confronted a war that permeated all aspects of political, civil, and domestic life.
They participated by boycotting British goods, spying on the British, following armies as they marched, washing, cooking, and tending for soldiers, delivering secret messages, and in a few cases like Deborah Samson, fighting disguised as men.
Also, Mercy Otis Warren held meetings in her house and cleverly attacked Loyalists with her creative plays and histories.
Above all, they continued the agricultural work at home to feed their families and the armies.
They maintained their families during their husbands' absences and sometimes after their deaths.
American women were integral to the success of the boycott of British goods, as the boycotted items were largely household items such as tea and cloth.
Women had to return to knitting goods, and to spinning and weaving their own cloth — skills that had fallen into disuse.
In 1769, the women of Boston produced 40,000 skeins of yarn, and 180 women in Middletown, Massachusetts wove of cloth.
A crisis of political loyalties could disrupt the fabric of colonial America women's social worlds: whether a man did or did not renounce his allegiance to the King could dissolve ties of class, family, and friendship, isolating women from former connections.
A woman's loyalty to her husband, once a private commitment, could become a political act, especially for women in America committed to men who remained loyal to the King.
Legal divorce, usually rare, was granted to Patriot women whose husbands supported the King.
Article: Henri Matisse
Section: Legacy

Question: When was the Still Life with GEraniums exhibited?

The first painting of Matisse acquired by a public collection was "Still Life with Geraniums" (1910), exhibited in the Pinakothek der Moderne.
His "The Plum Blossoms" (1948) was purchased on 8 September 2005, for the Museum of Modern Art by Henry Kravis and the new president of the museum, Marie-Josée Drouin.
Estimated price was US$25 million.
Previously, it had not been seen by the public since 1970.
In 2002, a Matisse sculpture, "Reclining Nude I (Dawn)," sold for US$9.2 million, a record for a sculpture by the artist.
Matisse's daughter Marguerite often aided Matisse scholars with insights about his working methods and his works.
She died in 1982 while compiling a catalogue of her father's work.
Matisse's son, Pierre Matisse, (1900–1989) opened a modern art gallery in New York City during the 1930s.
The Pierre Matisse Gallery which was active from 1931 until 1989 represented and exhibited many European artists and a few Americans and Canadians in New York often for the first time.
He exhibited Joan Miró, Marc Chagall, Alberto Giacometti, Jean Dubuffet, André Derain, Yves Tanguy, Le Corbusier, Paul Delvaux, Wifredo Lam, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Balthus, Leonora Carrington, Zao Wou Ki, Sam Francis, sculptors Theodore Roszak, Raymond Mason and Reg Butler, and several other important artists, including the work of Henri Matisse.
Henri Matisse's grandson, Paul Matisse, is an artist and inventor living in Massachusetts.
Matisse's great-granddaughter Sophie Matisse is active as an artist.
Les Heritiers Matisse functions as his official Estate.
The US copyright representative for Les Heritiers Matisse is the Artists Rights Society.