community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Romania
Section: Middle Ages

Question: Which country occupied Bessarabia in 1812?

"Gesta Hungarorum" mentioned the existence of three voivodeships in Transylvania in the 9th century: the Voivodeship of Gelou, the Voivodeship of Glad and the Voivodeship of Menumorut.
The anonymous author describes the first as Vlach.
Another voivodeship, ruled by Gyula, was mentioned in the 11th century.
A Russian chronicle writes of a plundering raid in 1059 against Transylvania by Cumans and Vlachs.
An Old Bulgarian inscription from 1176 attests the existence of a župan Dimitri who ruled over Dobruja in 943.
In the Middle Ages, Romanians lived in three distinct principalities: Wallachia ( – "The Romanian Land"), Moldavia () and Transylvania ().
By the 11th century, Transylvania had become a largely autonomous part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
It was independent as the Principality of Transylvania from the 16th century until 1711.
In Wallachia and Moldavia, many small local states with varying degrees of independence developed.
Only in the 14th century did the larger principalities of Wallachia (1310) and Moldavia (around 1352) emerge to fight the threat of the Ottoman Empire.
Both territories inhabited by Romanians achieved their independence from the Hungarian Crown after military conflicts (Battle of Posada, 1330) or social conflicts (Moldavian boyars' revolt against Hungary, 1364) — these historic events being initiated by Basarab I of Wallachia (1310–1352) and Bogdan I of Moldavia (1359–1365).
By 1541, the entire Balkan peninsula and most of Hungary had become Ottoman provinces.
Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania were under Ottoman suzerainty, preserving partial or full internal autonomy until the mid-19th century (Transylvania until 1699).
During this period, in the Romanian lands the feudal system slowly disappeared.
A few rulers of territories in what is now Romania distinguished themselves: these rulers include Stephen the Great, Vasile Lupu, and Dimitrie Cantemir in Moldavia; Matei Basarab, Vlad the Impaler, and Constantin Brâncoveanu in Wallachia; and John Hunyadi ("Ioannes Corvinus") and Gabriel Bethlen in Transylvania.
In 1600, the principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania were simultaneously headed by the Wallachian prince Michael the Brave ("Mihai Viteazul"), but the chance for a lasting unification was lost after Mihai was assassinated only one year later.
After his death, as vassal tributary states, Moldavia and Wallachia had complete internal autonomy and external independence, which they finally lost in the 18th century.
In 1699, Transylvania became a territory of the Habsburgs' Austrian empire following the Austrian victory over the Turks in the Great Turkish War.
The Habsburgs in turn expanded their empire in 1718 to include an important part of Wallachia called Oltenia (which was returned only in 1739), and in 1775 to include the northwestern part of Moldavia, later called Bukovina.
The eastern half of the Moldavian principality (called Bessarabia) was occupied in 1812 by Russia.
Article: Lights (musician)
Section: 2006–07: Musical beginnings

Question: What tv series did Lights compose for?

Music career.2006–07: Musical beginnings.
Lights was signed at the age of 15.
In high school, Lights played guitar and sang in the metal band Shovel Face.
Lights started her career being a writer for Sony/ATV Music Publishing.
Lights was among the songwriters who composed music for the television series "Instant Star".
She and Luke McMaster are credited with composing "Perfect," sung in the role of Jude Harrison on the show by Alexz Johnson.
In late 2006, she worked with Canadian photographer Marc Lostracco to film her very first music video, "February Air," for a Sony promotion.
However, Sony never confirmed with the deal, and it never happened.
In 2007, she was discovered by Jian Ghomeshi.
He is still her manager.
Article: Suburgatory
Section: International broadcasts

Question: On what date did Suburgatory premiere in the country of Sweden?

The series has been picked up in Canada by City, where it is simulcast with the ABC broadcasts.
In Latin America the series premiered on October 31, 2011 on Warner Channel.
The show premiered on January 3 in Sweden on Chanel 5.
In the Republic of Ireland the show began broadcasting on RTÉ Two from March 21, 2012 airing Wednesdays at 19:00.
In Spain, it premiered on Cosmopolitan TV on January 13, 2012.
The series began airing on the Nine Network's GO!
Channel in Australia from February 5, 2012 until it was taken off air in 2012/2013 after poor ratings losing to 7TWO, The Comedy Channel from Foxtel now airs the sitcom.
It premiered in Serbia on Serbian HBO Comedy on February 27, 2012, the Serbian name of the show is "Čistilište u predgrađu".
It also premiered in Poland on Polish HBO Comedy, on February 27, 2012, as "Podmiejski czyściec" ("Suburban Purgatory").
The show began airing in New Zealand on TV2 on February 14, 2012.
In the United Kingdom, "Suburgatory" started airing on Channel 4's digital channel E4 from July 17, 2012.
For Germany, ProSiebenSat.1 has picked up the series and will start airing it on Wednesday nights beginning on August 29.
It is also shown in Denmark on TV2 Zulu.
In Portugal, it was aired Monday to Friday, at 18:30, from November 22, 2012 until December 21, 2012 on RTP2.
In Brazil, the show premiered on January 3, 2013 at 3:30 AM in the SBT.
In Greece the show premiered on July 15, 2013 on Star Channel airing Monday to Friday at 2:30 PM, airing the first 2 Seasons.
In India, the show started airing on Star World from January 16, 2014.
Article: Suburgatory
Section: Location and setting

Question: What county's area code is referenced in the Suburgatory?

The series takes place in the fictional town of Chatswin.
The onscreen map animation displayed in the opening credits zooms in on the affluent New York City suburbs of southern Westchester County as the geographic location of "Chatswin".
The Westchester County 914 area code is also referenced in the show.
The use of the 10805 postal code of the New Rochelle community, as the Chatswin postal code of main character George Altman signifies it as being the fictional town's true location.
The series takes its title from "Suburgatory: Twisted Tales from Darkest Suburbia", a book by former CNN Senior Producer Linda Keenan, based in part on her experiences after she moved from New York City to three affluent suburbs, the first of which was in Westchester County.
The book, released on October 11, 2011, thirteen days after the show premiered, is described on the front cover as "The Title behind the ABC Sitcom".
Article: Great Wall of China
Section: Ming era

Question: When was the great wall concept revived

The Great Wall concept was revived again during the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century, and following the Ming army's defeat by the Oirats in the Battle of Tumu.
The Ming had failed to gain a clear upper hand over the Manchurian and Mongolian tribes after successive battles, and the long-drawn conflict was taking a toll on the empire.
The Ming adopted a new strategy to keep the nomadic tribes out by constructing walls along the northern border of China.
Acknowledging the Mongol control established in the Ordos Desert, the wall followed the desert's southern edge instead of incorporating the bend of the Yellow River.
Unlike the earlier fortifications, the Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate due to the use of bricks and stone instead of rammed earth.
Up to 25,000 watchtowers are estimated to have been constructed on the wall.
As Mongol raids continued periodically over the years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and reinforce the walls.
Sections near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strong.
Qi Jiguang between 1567 and 1570 also repaired and reinforced the wall, faced sections of the ram-earth wall with bricks and constructed 1,200 watchtowers from Shanhaiguan Pass to Changping to warn of approaching Mongol raiders.
During the 1440s–1460s, the Ming also built a so-called "Liaodong Wall".
Similar in function to the Great Wall (whose extension, in a sense, it was), but more basic in construction, the Liaodong Wall enclosed the agricultural heartland of the Liaodong province, protecting it against potential incursions by Jurched-Mongol Oriyanghan from the northwest and the Jianzhou Jurchens from the north.
While stones and tiles were used in some parts of the Liaodong Wall, most of it was in fact simply an earth dike with moats on both sides.
Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Manchu invasions that began around 1600.
Even after the loss of all of Liaodong, the Ming army held the heavily fortified Shanhaiguan pass, preventing the Manchus from conquering the Chinese heartland.
The Manchus were finally able to cross the Great Wall in 1644, after Beijing had already fallen to Li Zicheng's rebels.
Before this time, the Manchus had crossed the Great Wall multiple times to raid, but this time it was for conquest.
The gates at Shanhaiguan were opened by the commanding Ming general Wu Sangui on May 25 who formed an alliance with the Manchus, hoping to use the Manchus to expel the rebels from Beijing.
The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and defeated both the rebel-founded Shun Dynasty and the remaining Ming resistance, establishing the Qing Dynasty rule over all of China.
Under Qing rule, China's borders extended beyond the walls and Mongolia was annexed into the empire, so constructions on the Great Wall were discontinued.
On the other hand, the so-called Willow Palisade, following a line similar to that of the Ming Liaodong Wall, was constructed by the Qing rulers in Manchuria.
Its purpose, however, was not defense but rather migration control.
Article: Take Care (album)
Section: Critical reception

Question: What hip-hop artist produced the album "Take Care?"

"Take Care" received generally positive reviews from music critics.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 78, based on 34 reviews.
John McDonnell of "NME" dubbed it "an affecting masterpiece" and commended its "delicate, mellifluous sound and unashamedly candid, emotive lyrics."
Pitchfork Media's Ryan Dombal found Drake's "technical abilities" to be improved and stated, "Just as his thematic concerns have become richer, so has the music backing them up."
Andy Hutchins of "The Village Voice" called it "a carefully crafted bundle of contradictory sentiments from a conflicted rapper who explores his own neuroses in as compelling a manner as anyone not named Kanye West."
"Chicago Tribune" writer Greg Kot complimented the depth of Drake's "moral psychodramas" and stated, "the best of it affirms that Drake is shaping a pop persona with staying power.
"Nitsuh Abebe of "New York" wrote that the album "is full of gorgeous tones ... And the lyrics surrounding them can be rich with meaning".
Evan Rytlewski of "The A.V.
Club" found it "plenty downbeat, but gorgeous, an immersive headphone masterwork that's tender and intimate like little else in contemporary rap and R&B."
Ann Powers of NPR felt that "the artfulness of this music allows me an in to that experience.
I can make that leap and identify with Drake, or at least be intrigued by multiple characters in the little dramas he designs."
Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" called it "an album of eccentric black pop that takes" hip hop and R&B "as starting points, asks what they can do but haven’t been doing, then attempts those things.
In the future an album like this will be commonplace; today, it’s radical."
With "Take Care", he named Drake "hip-hop's current center of gravity".
In a mixed review, Kyle Anderson of "Entertainment Weekly" panned its content as "one overlong woozy monologue" and called the album a "total downer", adding that "Drake half-bakes his woozy rap-croon and glazes it with sluggish keyboard hums, ­stalling the album’s momentum".
Alex Macpherson of "The Guardian" found his singing "insipid", his rapping "inert", and his lyrics "hollow", writing that "he doesn't seem to realise that introspection is only worth a damn if you're an interesting person."
"The Globe and Mail"s Robert Everett-Green criticized Drake's lyrics as "drawling patter" and found the songs to "noodle around [...] aimlessly".
Article: Henry Moore
Section: Art market

Question: In which year did Moore set a $4.1 million record?

By the end of his career, Moore was the world's most successful living artist at auction.
In 1982, four years before his death, Sotheby's in New York sold a 6 ft "Reclining Figure" (1945), for $1.2 million to collector Wendell Cherry.
Although a first record of $4.1 million was set in 1990, Moore's market slumped during the recession that followed.
His eight-foot bronze, "Reclining Figure: Festival" (1951) sold for a record £19.1 million at Christie's, making him the second most expensive 20th-century British artist after Francis Bacon.
Article: Egypt
Section: Abstract

Question: What kind of power is Egypt considered as?

Egypt ( ""), is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
Most of its territory of lies within the Nile Valley of North Africa and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
With over 86 million inhabitants, Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East, and the 15th-most populated in the world.
The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about , where the only arable land is found.
The large regions of the Sahara Desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.
About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern state, having been continuously inhabited since the 10th millennium BC.
Its monuments, such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, were constructed by its ancient civilization, which was one of the most powerful of its time and one of the first six civilizations to arise independently in the world.
Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest from around the world.
Egypt's rich cultural legacy, as well as the attraction of its Red Sea Riviera, have made tourism a vital part of the economy, employing about 12 percent of the country's workforce.
The economy of Egypt is one of the most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at almost equal production levels.
Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world.
Article: Japan
Section: Culture

Question: How many Japanese sites have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List?

Japanese culture has evolved greatly from its origins.
Contemporary culture combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America.
Traditional Japanese arts include crafts such as ceramics, textiles, lacquerware, swords and dolls; performances of bunraku, kabuki, noh, dance, and rakugo; and other practices, the tea ceremony, ikebana, martial arts, calligraphy, origami, onsen, Geisha and games.
Japan has a developed system for the protection and promotion of both tangible and intangible Cultural Properties and National Treasures.
Sixteen sites have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, twelve of which are of cultural significance.
Article: Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Section: Estonia – the first demonstrations

Question: On what date was there a demonstration by Estonian youth?

In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia.
Signatures were collected and in Tartu, students assembled in the university's main hall to express their lack of confidence in the government.
At the 1st May 1987 demonstration, young people showed up bearing banners and slogans, despite a ban against such actions.
On 15 August 1987, former political prisoners formed the MRP-AEG group (Estonians for the Public Disclosure of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which was headed by Tiit Madisson.
In September 1987, the Edasi newspaper published a proposal by Edgar Savisaar, Siim Kallas, Tiit Made and Mikk Titma calling for Estonia to make the transition to autonomy.
Initially geared toward economic independence, then toward a certain amount of political autonomy, the project, Isemajandav Eesti (A Self-Managing Estonia) became known according to its Estonian acronym, IME, which means "miracle".
On 21 October, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia.
For the first time in years, the blue, black and white national tricolor was publicly visible.
Article: Curry
Section: Curry in South Africa and a few other

Question: What places enoy eating "Bunny Chow"?

 in South Africa and a few other.
African curries, Cape Malay curries and Natal curries including the Traditional Natal Curry, the Durban curry, the Bunny chow and Roti Rolls.
The history of South African curries go back as far as 250 years ago when the first Indians arrived on the shores of the Natal Colony, well before the boom of British Curries.
Durban has the largest single population of Indians outside of India and as a result have been developing traditional Natal curries ever since.
Natal curries are mostly based on South Indian dishes and mostly consist of simple spiced lamb and chicken dishes (with large amounts of ghee and oils) to very complex and elaborate seafood, chicken and lamb specialities (the chicken and prawn curry is a Natal favourite).
European recipes have also evolved alongside Indian South African curries.
European versions use mainly traditional recipes with the addition of red wine, milk, cream, vanilla or butter instead of ghee.
The famous Bunny chow, a South African standard, has spread in popularity throughout the country, into other southern African countries and countries with large South African immigrant populations.
It consists of either lamb, chicken or bean curry poured into a tunnelled out loaf of bread to be eaten with one's fingers.
The roti roll is another classic take-away curry that could either be a curry in a very flat roti bread (similar to a kebab bread) or the classic "Chip, cheese and curry" roll which basically consists of fried chips with melted cheese and the gravy of your favourite curry rolled into a roti roll.
 Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga: Generally known as "kare" or "kale," the spice is a popular ingredient in curried lamb, mutton, and chicken stew.
Often prepared with coconut milk and accompanied by rice or taro.
 Ethiopia: Wat, a thick, heavily spiced stew.
 Germany: Currywurst.
 Central Africa: Groundnut stew, though not technically a curry, is a similar style
 Central Europe: Goulash is a spicy stew or soup usually made with paprika, garlic, potatoes, beef or pork and dill.
Not served with rice.
 Mexico: Mole, which also originally meant sauce, features different regional variations and combinations of chilies, spices, and chocolate.
Curry powder is used as an incidental ingredient in other cuisines, including for example a "curry sauce" ("sauce au curry", sometimes even "au cari") variation of the classic French béchamel.
Article: Cake
Section: Abstract

Question: Cake is what type of food?

Cake is a form of bread or bread-like food.
In its modern forms, it is typically a sweet baked dessert.
In its oldest forms, cakes were normally fried breads or cheesecakes, and normally had a disk shape.
Determining whether a given food should be classified as bread, cake, or pastry can be difficult.
Modern cake, especially layer cakes, normally contain a combination of flour, sugar, eggs, and butter or oil, with some varieties also requiring liquid (typically milk or water) and leavening agents (such as yeast or baking powder).
Flavorful ingredients like fruit purées, nuts, dried or candied fruit, or extracts are often added, and numerous substitutions for the primary ingredients are possible.
Cakes are often filled with fruit preserves or dessert sauces (like pastry cream), iced with buttercream or other icings, and decorated with marzipan, piped borders or candied fruit.
Cake is often the dessert of choice for meals at ceremonial occasions, particularly weddings, anniversaries, and birthdays.
There are countless cake recipes; some are bread-like, some rich and elaborate, and many are centuries old.
Cake making is no longer a complicated procedure; while at one time considerable labor went into cake making (particularly the whisking of egg foams), baking equipment and directions have been simplified so that even the most amateur cook may bake a cake.
Article: Thailand
Section: Sports

Question: When did Thailand host the first international 80 kg welterweight rugby tournament?

Muay Thai (Thai: มวยไทย, RTGS: Muai Thai, , lit.
"Thai boxing") is a native form of kickboxing and Thailand's national sport.
It incorporates kicks, punches, knees and elbow strikes in a ring with gloves similar to those used in Western boxing and this has led to Thailand gaining medals at the Olympic Games in boxing.
Takraw (Thai: ตะกร้อ) is a sport native to Thailand, which the players hit a rattan ball and only be allowed to use their feet, knees, chest and head to touch the ball.
Sepak takraw is a form of this sport which appears in volleyball style, the players must volley a ball over a net and force it to hit the ground on opponent's side.
It is a popular in other countries in Southeast Asia also.
A rather similar game but played only with the feet is Buka ball.
Rugby is also a growing sport in Thailand with the Thailand national rugby union team rising to be ranked 61st in the world.
Thailand became the first country in the world to host an international 80 kg welterweight rugby tournament in 2005.
The national domestic Thailand Rugby Union (TRU) competition includes several universities and services teams such as Chulalongkorn University, Mahasarakham University, Kasetsart University, Prince of Songkla University, Thammasat University, Rangsit University, the Thai Police, the Thai Army, the Thai Navy and the Royal Thai Air Force.
Local sports clubs which also compete in the TRU include the British Club of Bangkok, the Southerners Sports Club (Bangkok) and the Royal Bangkok Sports Club.
Thailand has been called the Golf Capital of Asia as it is a popular destination for golf.
The country attracts a large number of golfers from Japan, Korea, Singapore, South Africa and Western countries who come to play golf in Thailand every year.
The growing popularity of golf, especially among the middle classes and expats, is evident since there are more than 200 world-class golf courses nationwide, and some of them are chosen to host PGA and LPGA tournaments, such as Amata Spring Country Club, Alpine Golf & Sports Club, Thai Country Club and Black Mountain Golf Club.
Basketball is also a growing sport in Thailand, especially on the professional sports club level.
The Chang Thailand Slammers won the 2011 Asean Basketball League Championship.
The Thailand national basketball team had its most successful year at the 1966 Asian Games where it won the silver medal.
Other sports in Thailand are slowly growing as the country develops its sporting infrastructure.
The success in sports like weightlifting and Taekwondo at the last two Summer Olympic Games has demonstrated that boxing is no longer the only medal chance for Thailand.