community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Saudi Arabia
Section: Dress

Question: Why do women put on abayas?

Saudi Arabian dress strictly follows the principles of hijab (the Islamic principle of modesty, especially in dress).
The predominantly loose and flowing, but covering, garments are suited to Saudi Arabia's desert climate.
Traditionally, men usually wear an ankle length garment woven from wool or cotton (known as a thawb), with a keffiyeh (a large checkered square of cotton held in place by an agal) or a ghutra (a plain white square made of finer cotton, also held in place by an agal) worn on the head.
For rare chilly days, Saudi men wear a camel-hair cloak (bisht) over the top.
Women's clothes are decorated with tribal motifs, coins, sequins, metallic thread, and appliques.
Women are required to wear an abaya or modest clothing when in public.
 Ghutrah () is a traditional headdress typically worn by Arab men.
It is made of a square of cloth ("scarf"), usually cotton, folded and wrapped in various styles around the head.
It is commonly worn in areas with an arid climate, to provide protection from direct sun exposure, and also protection of the mouth and eyes from blown dust and sand.
 Agal () is an item of Arab headgear constructed of cord which is fastened around the Ghutrah to hold it in place.
The "agal" is usually black in colour.
 Thawb () is the standard Arabic word for garment.
It is ankle length, usually with long sleeves similar to a robe.
 Bisht () is a traditional Arabic men's cloak usually only worn for prestige on special occasions such as weddings.
 Abaya () is a women's garment.
It is a black cloak which loosely covers the entire body except the head.
Some women choose to cover their faces with a niqāb and some do not.
Some Abayas cover the top of the head as well.
Article: Telescope
Section: Types

Question: Why do telescopes such as TRACE and SOHO use special mirrors to reflect Extreme ultraviolet?

The name "telescope" covers a wide range of instruments.
Most detect electromagnetic radiation, but there are major differences in how astronomers must go about collecting light (electromagnetic radiation) in different frequency bands.
Telescopes may be classified by the wavelengths of light they detect:
 X-ray telescopes, using shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet light
 Ultraviolet telescopes, using shorter wavelengths than visible light
 Optical telescopes, using visible light
 Infrared telescopes, using longer wavelengths than visible light
 Submillimetre telescopes, using longer wavelengths than infrared light
As wavelengths become longer, it becomes easier to use antenna technology to interact with electromagnetic radiation (although it is possible to make very tiny antenna).
The near-infrared can be handled much like visible light, however in the far-infrared and submillimetre range, telescopes can operate more like a radio telescope.
For example the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope observes from wavelengths from 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 2000 μm (2 mm), but uses a parabolic aluminum antenna.
On the other hand, the Spitzer Space Telescope, observing from about 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 180 μm (0.18 mm) uses a mirror (reflecting optics).
Also using reflecting optics, the Hubble Space Telescope with Wide Field Camera 3 can observe from about 0.2 μm (0.0002 mm) to 1.7 μm (0.0017 mm) (from ultra-violet to infrared light).
 Fresnel Imager, an optical lens technology
 X-ray optics, optics for certain X-ray wavelengths
Another threshold in telescope design, as photon energy increases (shorter wavelengths and higher frequency) is the use of fully reflecting optics rather than glancing-incident optics.
Telescopes such as TRACE and SOHO use special mirrors to reflect Extreme ultraviolet, producing higher resolution and brighter images then otherwise possible.
A larger aperture does not just mean more light is collected, it is collected at a higher diffraction limit.
Telescopes may also be classified by location: ground telescope, space telescope, or flying telescope.
They may also be classified by whether they are operated by professional astronomers or amateur astronomers.
A vehicle or permanent campus containing one or more telescopes or other instruments is called an observatory.
Article: Anatomy
Section: Other branches of anatomy

Question: Why is it important to study surface anatomy?

Superficial or surface anatomy is important as the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the exterior contours of the body.
It enables physicians or veterinary surgeons to gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures.
Superficial is a directional term that indicates that structures are located relatively close to the surface of the body.
Comparative anatomy relates to the comparison of anatomical structures (both gross and microscopic) in different animals.
Anthropological anatomy or physical anthropology relates to the comparison of the anatomy of different races of humans.
Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons.
Article: Hersheypark
Section: Pioneer Frontier

Question: What is the largest park area in Hershey Park?

The largest area of the park, Pioneer Frontier, the southwestern-themed section of the park, includes four of the park’s roller coasters: Trailblazer (the second oldest in the park), Sidewinder, Storm Runner, and Fahrenheit.
It also includes the Frontier Flyers, The Howler, Mini Scrambler, and Livery Stables.
It also has its own food court which features a wide variety of restaurants.
The section previously included the area up to and including Tidal Force until 2007 when Tidal Force and Canyon River Rapids were rezoned into the new Boardwalk.
Article: How to Survive a Plague
Section: Subjects

Question: Was Ray Navarro in the movie 'How to Survive a Plague'?

People featured in the film include:
Bill Bahlman
David Barr
Gregg Bordowitz
George H. W. Bush (archive footage)
Bill Clinton (archive footage)
Spencer Cox
Jim Eigo
Mark Harrington
Jesse Helms (archive footage)
Garance Franke-Ruta
Larry Kramer
Mathilde Krim
Ed Koch
Iris Long
Ray Navarro
Bob Rafsky
Peter Staley
Article: Belgium
Section: Health

Question: How many different ministries have merged?

The Belgians are known to enjoy good health.
According to 2012 estimates, the average life expectancy is 79.65 years.
Since 1960, life expectancy has, in line with the European average, grown by two months per year.
Death in Belgium is mainly due to heart and vascular disorders, neoplasms, disorders of the respiratory system and unnatural causes of death (accidents, suicide).
Non-natural causes of death and cancer are the most common causes of death for females up to age 24 and males up to age 44.
Healthcare in Belgium is financed through both social security contributions and taxation.
Health insurance is compulsory.
Health care is delivered by a mostly private system of independent medical practitioners and hospitals.
Most of the time each provided service is directly paid by the patient and reimbursed later on by health insurance companies.
Belgian health care system is supervised and financed by the federal government, the three Communities and the three Regions, i.e.
six distinct Ministries (the Flemish Community and Region have merged).
Article: Up Series
Section: Andrew

Question: Who are the three Kingston boys featured in "Seven Up!"?

Andrew was one of three boys chosen from the same pre-preparatory school in the wealthy London district of Kensington (the other two being Charles and John).
The three are introduced in "Seven Up!"
singing "Waltzing Matilda" in Latin.
At the age of seven, when asked what newspaper he reads, if any, Andrew stated that he reads "The Financial Times" (although he later revealed he was in fact just repeating what his father had told him when asked the same question).
All three could say which prep schools, public schools and universities they planned to attend (Oxford or Cambridge in all cases); two named the specific Oxbridge college they intended to join.
Andrew Brackfield's academic career culminated in his studying at Trinity College, Cambridge.
Andrew subsequently became a solicitor, married and raised a family.
He is the only one of the three Kensington boys to have appeared in all the "Up" films.
Both Andrew and his wife are most satisfied with how their children have turned out, followed by their relationship.
Article: Sydney Opera House
Section: Stage I: Podium

Question: When was work on the podium completed?

Stage I commenced on 2 March 1959 with the construction firm Civil & Civic, monitored by the engineers Ove Arup and Partners.
The government had pushed for work to begin early, fearing that funding, or public opinion, might turn against them.
However, Utzon had still not completed the final designs.
Major structural issues still remained unresolved.
By 23 January 1961, work was running 47 weeks behind, mainly because of unexpected difficulties (inclement weather, unexpected difficulty diverting stormwater, construction beginning before proper construction drawings had been prepared, changes of original contract documents).
Work on the podium was finally completed in February 1963.
The forced early start led to significant later problems, not least of which was the fact that the podium columns were not strong enough to support the roof structure, and had to be re-built.
Article: Donatello
Section: Main works

Question: What was the name of Donatello's famous work of art released in 1455?

 "St. Mark" (1411–1413), Orsanmichele, Florence
 St. George Tabernacle (c. 1415–1417) — Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
 "Prophet Habacuc" (1423–1425) — Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence
 "The Feast of Herod" (c. 1425) — Baptismal font, Baptistry of San Giovanni, Siena
 "David" (c. 1425–1430) — Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
 "Madonna of the Clouds" (c. 1425–35) marble relief, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
 "Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata" (1445–1450) — Piazza del Santo, Padua
 "Magdalene Penitent" (c. 1455) — Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence
 "Judith and Holofernes" (1455–1460) — Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
 "Virgin and Child with Four Angels" or "Chellini Madonna" (1456), Victoria and Albert Museum
Article: Tug of war
Section: Tactics

Question: What does the driver do in Tug of War?

Aside from the raw muscle power needed for tug of war, it is also a technical sport.
The cooperation or "rhythm" of team members play an equally important role in victory, if not more, than their physical strength.
To achieve this, a person called a "driver" is used to harmonize the team's joint traction power.
He moves up and down next to his team pulling on the rope, giving orders to them when to pull and when to rest (called "hanging").
If he spots the opponents tries to pull his team away, he gives a "hang" command, each member will dig into the grass with his/her boots and movement of the rope is limited.
When the opponents are played out, he shouts "pull" and rhythmically waves his hat or handkerchief for his team to pull together.
Slowly but surely, the other team is forced into surrender by a runaway pull.
Article: Olympic weightlifting
Section: Abstract

Question: What is another name for Olympic weightlifting?

Olympic weightlifting, also called Olympic-style weightlifting, or weightlifting, is an athletic discipline in the modern Olympic programme in which the athlete attempts a maximum-weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates.
The two competition lifts in order are the snatch and the clean and jerk.
Each weightlifter receives three attempts in each, and the combined total of the highest two successful lifts determines the overall result within a bodyweight category.
Bodyweight categories are different for women and men.
A lifter who fails to complete at least one successful snatch and one successful clean and jerk also fails to "total", and therefore receives an "incomplete" entry for the competition.
The clean and press was once a competition lift, but was discontinued due to difficulties in judging proper form.
In comparison with other strength sports, which test limit strength (with or without lifting aids), Olympic weightlifting tests aspects of human ballistic limits (explosive strength) and are therefore executed faster—and with more mobility and a greater range of motion during their execution - than other lifts.
Properly executed, the snatch and the clean and jerk are both dynamic and explosive while appearing graceful, especially when viewed from a recording at a slowed speed.
While there are relatively few competitive Olympic weightlifters (or more simply "lifters"), the lifts and their components are commonly used by elite athletes in other sports to train for both explosive and functional strength.
Article: Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)
Section: Provenances

Question: In 1905 what person bought one of the Sunflower paintings.

Two Paris versions Van Gogh exchanged with Gauguin in December 1887 or January 1888 were both sold to Ambroise Vollard: one in January 1895 and the other in April 1896.
The first canvas resided for a short time with Félix Roux, but was reacquired by Vollard and sold to Degas from his estate to Rosenberg, then to Hahnloser and bequested to the Kunstmuseum in Bern.
The second was acquired by the Dutch collector Hoogendijk at the sale of his collection by Kann, who ceded the painting to Richard Bühler and then via Thannhauser to the Metropolitan Museum in New York.
Two of Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" paintings never left the artist's estate: the study for one of the Paris versions (F.377) and the repetition of fourth version (F.458).
Both are in the possession of the Vincent van Gogh Foundation, established 1962 by Vincent Willem van Gogh, the artist's nephew, and on permanent loan to the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam.
Five other versions are recorded in the Van Gogh estate papers:
the final Paris version (F.452) in the artist's estate was sold 1909 via C. M. van Gogh, The Hague (J. H. de Bois) to Kröller-Müller
(F.457) sold 1894 to Emile Schuffenecker.
(Tokyo version).
(F.456) sold 1905 via Paul Cassirer to Hugo von Tschudi.
(Munich version).
(F.459) sold 1908 C. M. van Gogh (J. H. de Bois), The Hague to Fritz Meyer-Fierz, Zürich (destroyed Japan 1945).
(F.454) sold 1924 via Ernest Brown & Phillips (The Leicester Gallery) to the Tate Gallery; since on permanent loan to the National Gallery, London.
(London version).
Two Arles versions left the artist's estate unrecorded:
(F.453) (private collection).
Sold 1891 to Octave Mirbeau, Paris, (via Tanguy, Paris) for £12 (about £1,300 in 2013 £).
Sold 1996 to a private collector for an undisclosed sum.
(F.455) (Philadelphia version).
Article: Epcot
Section: Annual events

Question: What holiday event does Epcot celebrate every year?

Epcot hosts a number of special events during the year:
The Epcot International Flower and Garden Festival, inaugurated in 1993, uses specially-themed floral displays throughout the park, including topiary sculptures of Disney characters.
Guests can meet gardening experts and learn new ideas they can use in their own home gardens.
The 18th annual event was scheduled for March 2 – May 15.
Each event takes more than a full year to plan and more than 20,000 cast member hours.
The Epcot International Food and Wine Festival, inaugurated in 1995, draws amateur and professional gourmets to sample delicacies from all around the world, including nations that do not have a permanent presence in World Showcase.
Celebrity chefs are often on-hand to host the events.
In 2008, the festival featured the Bocuse d'Or USA, the American semifinal of the biennial Bocuse d'Or cooking competition.
Holidays Around the World is Epcot's annual holiday celebration.
The World Showcase pavilions feature storytellers describing their nation's holiday traditions, and three nightly performances of the "Candlelight Processional" featuring an auditioned mass choir and a celebrity guest narrating the story of Christmas.
During "Holidays Around the World," Illuminations: Reflections of Earth features a special extended ending.
On New Years Eve, the park offers a variety of additional entertainment including live DJ dance areas throughout the park and a special New Years Eve countdown edition of .
Article: Forrest Gump
Section: Soundtrack

Question: When was the soundtrack to the film "Forrest Gump" released?

The 32-song soundtrack from the film was released on July 6, 1994.
With the exception of a lengthy suite from Alan Silvestri's score, all the songs are previously released; the soundtrack includes songs from Elvis Presley, Fleetwood Mac, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Aretha Franklin, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Three Dog Night, The Byrds, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, The Mamas & the Papas, Aileen Quinn, The Doobie Brothers, Simon & Garfunkel, Bob Seger, Buffalo Springfield, and Michael McDonald among others.
Music producer Joel Sill reflected on compiling the soundtrack: "We wanted to have very recognizable material that would pinpoint time periods, yet we didn't want to interfere with what was happening cinematically."
The two-disc album has a variety of music from the 1950s–1980s performed by American artists.
According to Sills, this was due to Zemeckis' request, "All the material in there is American.
Bob (Zemeckis) felt strongly about it.
He felt that Forrest wouldn't buy anything but American.
"The soundtrack reached a peak of number 2 on the "Billboard" album chart.
The soundtrack went on to sell twelve million copies, and is one of the top selling albums in the United States.
The score for the film was composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri and released on August 2, 1994.
Article: Iran
Section: Humanities

Question: In Iran Which service must affirm media before it can be discharged?

The Sassanid era was an important and influential historical period in Iran as Iranian culture influenced China, India and Roman civilization considerably, and so influenced as far as Western Europe and Africa.
This influence played a prominent role in the formation of both Asiatic and European medieval art.
This influence carried forward to the Islamic world.
Much of what later became known as Islamic learning, such as philology, literature, jurisprudence, philosophy, medicine, architecture and the sciences were based on some of the practises taken from the Sassanid Persians to the broader Muslim world.
Daily life in modern Iran is closely interwoven with Shia Islam and the country's art, literature, and architecture are an ever-present reminder of its deep national tradition and of a broader literary culture.
The state-owned Telecommunication Company of Iran handles telecommunications.
The media of Iran is a mixture of private and state-owned, but books and movies must be approved by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance before being released to the public.
Iran originally received access to the internet in 1993, and it has become enormously popular among the Iranian youth.
Iran is now the world's fourth largest country of bloggers.
Article: Cheese
Section: World production and consumption

Question: What is the most common cheese in Iceland?

Worldwide, cheese is a major agricultural product.
According to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, over 20 million metric tons of cheese were produced worldwide in 2011.
This is about three kilograms for each person on Earth.
The largest producer of cheese is the United States, accounting for 26% of world production, followed by Germany and France.
In the U.S., mozzarella and cheddar are by far the top cheese types.
Only Ireland, New Zealand, the Netherlands and Australia have a cheese production that is mainly export oriented: respectively 95%, 90%, 72%, and 65% of their cheese production is exported.
Only 35% of French production is exported.
The United States, the biggest world producer of cheese, is a marginal exporter, as most of its production is for the domestic market.
Emmental (used mainly as a cooking ingredient) and Camembert are the most common cheeses in France.
In Iceland, skyr is the most common cheese.
In Greece, feta accounts for three-quarters of this consumption.
In the U.S., the consumption of cheese is quickly increasing and has nearly tripled between 1970 and 2003.
The consumption per person has reached, in 2003, .
Mozzarella is United States's favorite cheese and accounts for nearly a third of its consumption, mainly because it is one of the main ingredients of pizza.
Article: Wadjda
Section: Production

Question: How many years did it take to make the film "Wadjda"?

According to the director Haifaa al-Mansour, it took five years to make "Wadjda".
Most of the time was spent trying to find financial backing and getting filming permission, since she insisted on filming in Saudi Arabia for reasons of authenticity.
She received backing from Rotana, the film production company of Prince Alwaleed bin Talal.
However, she was very interested in finding a foreign co-producer because "in Saudi there are no movie theatres, there is no film industry to speak of and, therefore, little money for investment".
After being chosen for a Sundance Institute writer's lab in Jordan, al-Mansour got in touch with the German production company Razor Film, which had previously produced films with Middle-Eastern topics ("Paradise Now" and "Waltz with Bashir").
The production involved co-operation with two German public TV broadcasters, Norddeutscher Rundfunk and Bayerischer Rundfunk.
Additional funding came from (FFA, Berlin); Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH (MBB, Potsdam); Mitteldeutsche Medienförderung GmbH (MDM, Leipzig) and Filmfonds Babelsberg (ILB, Potsdam-Babelsberg).
Al-Mansour's screenplay was influenced by neorealist cinema like Vittorio de Sica's "Bicycle Thieves", Jafar Panahi's "Offside" or "Rosetta".
The final scene recalls the final scene of François Truffaut 's The 400 Blows.
Al-Mansour says that the original version of her screenplay was much bleaker than the finished product: "I decided I didn't want the film to carry a slogan and scream, but just to create a story where people can laugh and cry a little."
Al-Mansour based the character of Wadjda on one of her nieces and also on her own experiences when growing up.
The main themes of the story are freedom, as represented by the bicycle, and the fear of emotional abandonment, as Wadjda's father wants to take a second wife who will provide him with a son.
"Wadjda" was filmed on the streets of Riyadh, which often made it necessary for the director to work from the back of a van, as she could not publicly mix with the men in the crew.
Often, she could only communicate via walkie-talkie and had to watch the actors on a monitor.
This made it difficult to direct: "It made me realise the need to rehearse and to develop an understanding for each scene before we shot it."
Waad Mohammed, who plays Wadjda, was a first time actress.
Article: Ramen
Section: Canned version

Question: What are two flavors of Ramen?

In Akihabara, vending machines distribute warm ramen in a steel can, known as .
It is produced by a popular ramen restaurant and contains noodles, soup, menma, and pork.
It is intended as a quick snack, and includes a small folded plastic fork.
There are few kinds of flavor such as "tonkotsu" and curry.