community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Saudi Arabia
Section: Dress

Question: What is the name of the ankle length garment traditionally woven from wool or cotton worn by men in saudia arabia?

Saudi Arabian dress strictly follows the principles of hijab (the Islamic principle of modesty, especially in dress).
The predominantly loose and flowing, but covering, garments are suited to Saudi Arabia's desert climate.
Traditionally, men usually wear an ankle length garment woven from wool or cotton (known as a thawb), with a keffiyeh (a large checkered square of cotton held in place by an agal) or a ghutra (a plain white square made of finer cotton, also held in place by an agal) worn on the head.
For rare chilly days, Saudi men wear a camel-hair cloak (bisht) over the top.
Women's clothes are decorated with tribal motifs, coins, sequins, metallic thread, and appliques.
Women are required to wear an abaya or modest clothing when in public.
 Ghutrah () is a traditional headdress typically worn by Arab men.
It is made of a square of cloth ("scarf"), usually cotton, folded and wrapped in various styles around the head.
It is commonly worn in areas with an arid climate, to provide protection from direct sun exposure, and also protection of the mouth and eyes from blown dust and sand.
 Agal () is an item of Arab headgear constructed of cord which is fastened around the Ghutrah to hold it in place.
The "agal" is usually black in colour.
 Thawb () is the standard Arabic word for garment.
It is ankle length, usually with long sleeves similar to a robe.
 Bisht () is a traditional Arabic men's cloak usually only worn for prestige on special occasions such as weddings.
 Abaya () is a women's garment.
It is a black cloak which loosely covers the entire body except the head.
Some women choose to cover their faces with a niqāb and some do not.
Some Abayas cover the top of the head as well.
Article: Criminal Minds
Section: Critical reception

Question: How were the initial reviews in Criminal Minds?

Critical reception.
The premiere episode was met with mixed reviews, receiving a score of 42 out of 100 on aggregate review site Metacritic, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.
Dorothy Rabinowitz said, in her review for the "Wall Street Journal", that "From the evidence of the first few episodes, "Criminal Minds" may be a hit, and deservedly" and gave particular praise to both Matthew Gray Gubler and Mandy Patinkin's performance.
"The New York Times" was less than positive, saying "The problem with "Criminal Minds" is its many confusing maladies, applied to too many characters" and felt that "as a result, the cast seems like a spilled trunk of broken toys, with which the audience - and perhaps the creators - may quickly become bored.
""The Chicago Tribune" reviewer, Sid Smith, felt that the show "May well be worth a look" though he too criticized the "confusing plots and characters.
""PopMatters" panned the show, saying the show "confuses critical thinking with supernatural abilities" and criticized the "stereotypical characters".
The "Los Angeles Times" gave a similar review.
However, both reviewers praised Patinkin and Gubler's performances.
Article: Lasagne
Section: Etymology

Question: What is the name of a dish similar, but smaller than lasagne?

In the Ancient Rome, there was a dish similar to the lasagne called "lasana" or "lasanum" (Latin word for "container", "pot") described in the book "L'arte culinaria" by Marcus Gavius Apicius, but the word could have a more ancient origin.
The first theory is that "lasagne" comes from Greek λάγανον ("laganon"), a flat sheet of pasta dough cut into strips.
The word λαγάνα ("lagana") is still used in Greek to mean a flat thin type of unleavened bread.
Another theory is that the word lasagne comes from the Greek λάσανα ("lasana") or λάσανον ("lasanon") meaning "trivet or stand for a pot", "chamber pot".
The Romans borrowed the word as "lasanum", meaning "cooking pot" in Latin.
The Italians used the word to refer to the dish in which lasagne is made.
Later the name of the food took on the name of the serving dish.
A third theory proposed that the dish is a development of the 14th century English recipe "Loseyn" as described in "The Forme of Cury", a cook book in use during the reign of Richard II.
This has similarities to modern lasagne in both its recipe, which features a layering of ingredients between pasta sheets, and its name.
An important difference is the lack of tomatoes, which did not arrive in Europe until after Columbus reached America in 1492.
The earliest discussion of the tomato in European literature appeared in a herbal written in 1544 by Pietro Andrea Mattioli while the earliest discovered cookbook with tomato recipes was published in Naples in 1692, though the author had apparently obtained these recipes from Spanish sources.
As with most other types of pasta, the word is a plural form, "lasagne" meaning more than one sheet of "lasagna".
Article: Fruitvale Station
Section: Music

Question: When would the soundtrack album of "Fruitvale Station" be released?

The musical score to "Fruitvale Station" was composed by Ludwig Göransson.
Also a USC graduate, Göransson said of the scoring process: "Ryan and I talked a lot about how sound design was going to have a huge role in the movie and very early on I got sent the actual sound recordings of the Bart Train.
I manipulated the train sound and made it almost feel like a dark ambient synth sound and I used it almost throughout the whole Bart platform scene.
The other element in the score is lots of layered and manipulated guitars sounding almost like haunting pads."
Coogler added: "One thing that we always wanted to be conscious of with the score, was to make sure that it always felt organic.
A lot of the film would play without score, so Ludwig made sure that whenever we brought score in came out of sounds in the environment."
A soundtrack album, "Fruitvale Station – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", was be released digitally on September 24, 2013 and on CD October 15, 2013 through Lakeshore Records.
Article: Finland
Section: Parliament

Question: How many members make up the unicameral Parliament of Finland?

The 200-member unicameral Parliament of Finland exercises supreme legislative authority.
It may alter the constitution and ordinary laws, dismiss the cabinet, and override presidential vetoes.
Its acts are not subject to judicial review; the constitutionality of new laws is assessed by the parliament's constitutional law committee.
The parliament is elected for a term of four years using the proportional D'Hondt method within a number of multi-seat constituencies through open list multi-member districts.
Various parliament committees listen to experts and prepare legislation.
The speaker is currently Eero Heinäluoma (Social Democrats).
Since universal suffrage was introduced in 1906, the parliament has been dominated by the Centre Party (former Agrarian Union), the National Coalition Party (conservatives), and the Social Democrats.
These parties have enjoyed approximately equal support, and their combined vote has totalled about 65–80% of all votes.
Their lowest common total of MPs, 121, was reached in the 2011 elections.
For a few decades after 1944, the Communists were a strong fourth party.
Due to the electoral system of proportional representation, and the relative reluctance of voters to switch their support between parties, the relative strengths of the parties have commonly varied only slightly from one election to another.
However, there have been some long-term trends, such as the rise and fall of the Communists during the Cold War; the steady decline into insignificance of the Liberal party and its predecessors from 1906 to about 1980; and the rise of the Green party and its predecessor since 1983.
In the 2011 elections, the True Finns achieved exceptional success, increasing its representation from 5 to 39 seats, and thus surpassing the Centre Party.
The autonomous province of Åland, which forms a federacy with Finland, elects one member to the parliament, who traditionally joins the parliamentary group of the Swedish People's Party of Finland.
(The province also holds elections for its own permanent regional council, and in the 2011 elections, Åland Centre was the largest party.
)The Parliament can be dissolved by a recommendation of the Prime minister endorsed by the President.
This procedure has never been used, although the parliament was dissolved several times under the pre-2000 constitution, when this action was the sole prerogative of the president.
After the parliamentary elections on 17 April 2011, the seats were divided among eight parties as follows:
Article: NCIS (TV series)
Section: Name

Question: Around what episode was the term 'foofs' brought into use?

Prior to the launch of the first season, advertisements on CBS identified the show as "Naval CIS".
By the time of the launch of the first episode, "NCIS" was airing under the name "Navy NCIS", the name it held for the entire first season.
Since the "N" in NCIS stands for "Naval", the name "Navy NCIS" was redundant.
The decision to use this name was reportedly made by CBS, over the objections of Bellisario, in order to:
 Attract new viewers (particularly those of "JAG"), who might not know the NCIS abbreviation.
 Disambiguate between NCIS and the similarly themed and similarly spelled CBS series "" and its spinoffs.
(The original title, for instance, was often misquoted and parodied as "Navy CSI", something the show itself referenced in the first episode).
From the season two episode, "Lt. Jane Doe" onwards, the series began using what fans of the show have named 'foofs' – black-and-white 'teases' of something to occur later in the episode.
In the season three premiere, "Kill Ari (Part I)", the foofs had the freeze-frame shot added as well.
Article: Republic of Ireland
Section: Politics

Question: What form of government does Ireland have?

Ireland is a constitutional republic with a parliamentary system of government.
The is the bicameral national parliament composed of the President of Ireland and the two Houses of the Oireachtas:The President serves as head of state, and is elected for a seven-year term and may be re-elected once.
The President is primarily a figurehead, but is entrusted with certain constitutional powers with the advice of the Council of State.
The office has absolute discretion in some areas, such as referring a bill to the Supreme Court for a judgement on its constitutionality.
Michael D. Higgins became the ninth President of Ireland on 11 November 2011.
The serves as the head of government and is appointed by the President upon the nomination of the .
Most "" have served as the leader of the political party that gains the most seats in national elections.
It has become customary for coalitions to form a government, as there has not been a single-party government since 1989.
Enda Kenny assumed the office of Taoiseach on 9 March 2011.
The is composed of sixty members, with eleven nominated by the , six elected by two universities, and 43 elected by public representatives from panels of candidates established on a vocational basis.
The has 166 members () elected to represent multi-seat constituencies under the system of proportional representation and by means of the single transferable vote.
The Government is constitutionally limited to fifteen members.
No more than two members can be selected from the , and the , (deputy prime minister) and Minister for Finance must be members of the .
The Dáil must be dissolved within five years after its first meeting following the previous election, and a general election for members of the Dáil must take place no later than thirty days after the dissolution.
According to the Constitution of Ireland, parliamentary elections must be held at least every seven years, though a lower limit may be set by statute law.
The current government is a coalition administration led by with Enda Kenny as , supported by the Labour Party with Eamon Gilmore as .
Opposition parties in the current are Fianna Fáil, Sinn Féin, the Socialist Party, the PBPA, the WUAG, as well as a number of Independents.
Ireland has been a member state of the European Union since 1973, but has chosen to remain outside the Schengen Area.
Citizens of the United Kingdom can freely enter the country without a passport due to the Common Travel Area, which is a passport-free zone comprising the islands of Ireland, Great Britain, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
However, some identification is required at airports and seaports.
Article: Curry
Section: Curry in South Africa and a few other

Question: Where is "Bunny Chow" popular?

 in South Africa and a few other.
African curries, Cape Malay curries and Natal curries including the Traditional Natal Curry, the Durban curry, the Bunny chow and Roti Rolls.
The history of South African curries go back as far as 250 years ago when the first Indians arrived on the shores of the Natal Colony, well before the boom of British Curries.
Durban has the largest single population of Indians outside of India and as a result have been developing traditional Natal curries ever since.
Natal curries are mostly based on South Indian dishes and mostly consist of simple spiced lamb and chicken dishes (with large amounts of ghee and oils) to very complex and elaborate seafood, chicken and lamb specialities (the chicken and prawn curry is a Natal favourite).
European recipes have also evolved alongside Indian South African curries.
European versions use mainly traditional recipes with the addition of red wine, milk, cream, vanilla or butter instead of ghee.
The famous Bunny chow, a South African standard, has spread in popularity throughout the country, into other southern African countries and countries with large South African immigrant populations.
It consists of either lamb, chicken or bean curry poured into a tunnelled out loaf of bread to be eaten with one's fingers.
The roti roll is another classic take-away curry that could either be a curry in a very flat roti bread (similar to a kebab bread) or the classic "Chip, cheese and curry" roll which basically consists of fried chips with melted cheese and the gravy of your favourite curry rolled into a roti roll.
 Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga: Generally known as "kare" or "kale," the spice is a popular ingredient in curried lamb, mutton, and chicken stew.
Often prepared with coconut milk and accompanied by rice or taro.
 Ethiopia: Wat, a thick, heavily spiced stew.
 Germany: Currywurst.
 Central Africa: Groundnut stew, though not technically a curry, is a similar style
 Central Europe: Goulash is a spicy stew or soup usually made with paprika, garlic, potatoes, beef or pork and dill.
Not served with rice.
 Mexico: Mole, which also originally meant sauce, features different regional variations and combinations of chilies, spices, and chocolate.
Curry powder is used as an incidental ingredient in other cuisines, including for example a "curry sauce" ("sauce au curry", sometimes even "au cari") variation of the classic French béchamel.
Article: Equestrianism
Section: Health issues

Question: How many hours of equestrian experience has shown a significant decline in risk of injury?

Handling, riding, and driving horses has a number of health risks.
Riding has some inherent risks, as when mounted, the rider's head may be up to from the ground, and the horse may travel at a speed of up to .
The injuries observed range from very minor injuries to fatalities.
A recent study in Germany reported that the relative risk of injury from riding a horse, compared to riding a bicycle, was 9 times higher for adolescents and 5.6 times higher for younger children, but that riding a horse was less risky than riding a moped.
In Victoria, Australia, a search of state records found that equestrian sports had the third highest incidence of serious injury, after motor sports and power boating.
In Greece, an analysis of a national registry estimated the incidence of equestrian injury to be 21 per 100,000 person-years for farming and equestrian sports combined, and 160 times higher for horse racing personnel.
Other findings were that use of spurs may contribute to ankle fractures and dislocations, and helmets likely prevent traumatic brain injuries.
In the United States each year an estimated 30 million people ride horses, resulting in 50,000 emergency room visits (1 visit per 600 riders per year).
A survey of 679 equestrians in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho estimated that at some time in their equestrian career one in five will be seriously injured, resulting in hospitalization, surgery, or long-term disability.
Among survey respondents, novice equestrians had an incidence of any injury that was threefold over intermediates, fivefold over advanced equestrians, and nearly eightfold over professionals.
Approximately 100 hours of experience are required to achieve a substantial decline in the risk of injury.
The survey authors conclude that efforts to prevent equestrian injury should focus on novice equestrians.
Article: Global warming
Section: Initial causes of temperature changes (external forcings)

Question: How long does an orbital cycle take?

Initial causes of temperature changes (external forcings).
The climate system can respond to changes in "external forcings."
External forcings can "push" the climate in the direction of warming or cooling.
Examples of external forcings include changes in atmospheric composition (e.g., increased concentrations of greenhouse gases), solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions, and variations in Earth's orbit around the Sun.
Orbital cycles vary slowly over tens of thousands of years and at present are in an overall cooling trend which would be expected to lead towards an ice age, but the 20th century instrumental temperature record shows a sudden rise in global temperatures.
Article: The Usual Suspects
Section: Origins

Question: What was the occupation of the person who asked a question about bringing together five felons?

Bryan Singer met Kevin Spacey at a party after a screening of the young filmmaker's first film, "Public Access", at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival.
Spacey had been encouraged by a number of people he knew who had seen it, and was so impressed that he told Singer and McQuarrie that he wanted to be in whatever film they did next.
Singer read a column in "Spy" magazine called "The Usual Suspects" after Claude Rains' line in "Casablanca."
Singer thought that it would be a good title for a film.
When asked by a reporter at Sundance what their next film was about, McQuarrie replied, "I guess it's about a bunch of criminals who meet in a police line-up," which incidentally was the first visual idea that he and Singer had for the poster: "five guys who meet in a line-up," Singer remembers.
The director also envisioned a tagline for the poster, "All of you can go to Hell."
Singer then asked the question, "What would possibly bring these five felons together in one line-up?"
McQuarrie revamped an idea from one of his own unpublished screenplays — the story of a man who murders his own family and walks away, disappearing from view.
The writer mixed this with the idea of a team of criminals.Söze's character is based on the accounts of John List, a New Jersey accountant who murdered his family in 1971 and then disappeared for almost two decades, assuming a new identity before he was ultimately apprehended.
McQuarrie based the name of Keyser Söze on one of his previous supervisors, Keyser Sume, at a Los Angeles law firm that he worked for, but decided to change the last name because he thought that his former boss would object to how it was used.
He found the word "söze" in his roommate's English-to-Turkish dictionary, which translates as "talk too much."
All the characters' names are taken from staff members of the law firm at the time of his employment.
McQuarrie had also worked for a detective agency, and this influenced the depiction of criminals and law enforcement officials in the script.
Singer described the film as "Double Indemnity" meets "Rashomon," and said that it was made "so you can go back and see all sorts of things you didn't realize were there the first time.
You can get it a second time in a way you never could have the first time around."
He also compared the film's structure to "Citizen Kane" (which also contained an interrogator and a subject who is telling a story) and the criminal caper "The Anderson Tapes."
Article: Battle of Austerlitz
Section: Rewards

Question: What were Napoleon's words to his troops after the battle?

Napoleon's words to his troops after the battle were full of praise: "Soldats!
Je suis content de vous" ().
The Emperor provided two million golden francs to the higher officers and 200 francs to each soldier, with large pensions for the widows of the fallen.
Orphaned children were adopted by Napoleon personally and were allowed to add "Napoleon" to their baptismal and family names.
This battle is one of four that Napoleon never awarded a victory title, the others being Marengo, Jena and Friedland.
Article: Cake
Section: History

Question: What is the origin of the word "cake?"

The term "cake" has a long history.
The word itself is of Viking origin, from the Old Norse word "kaka".
Although clear examples of the difference between cake and bread are easy to find, the precise classification has always been elusive.
For example, banana bread may be properly considered either a quick bread or a cake.
The Greeks invented beer as a leavener, frying fritters in olive oil, and cheesecakes using goat's milk.
In ancient Rome, basic bread dough was sometimes enriched with butter, eggs, and honey, which produced a sweet and cake-like baked good.
Latin poet Ovid refers to the birthday of him and his brother with party and cake in his first book of exile, "Tristia".
Early cakes in England were also essentially bread: the most obvious differences between a "cake" and "bread" were the round, flat shape of the cakes, and the cooking method, which turned cakes over once while cooking, while bread was left upright throughout the baking process.
Sponge cakes, leavened with beaten eggs, originated during the Renaissance, possibly in Spain.
Article: Donatello
Section: In Padua

Question: When did Donatello create the reliefs of St. Anthony?

In 1443, Donatello was called to Padua by the heirs of the famous condottiero Erasmo da Narni, who had died that year.
Completed in 1450 and placed in the square facing the Basilica of St. Anthony, his equestrian statue of Erasmo (better known as the "Gattamelata", or "Honey-Cat") was the first example of such a monument since ancient times.
(Other equestrian statues, from the 14th century, had not been executed in bronze and had been placed over tombs rather than erected independently, in a public place.)
This work became the prototype for other equestrian monuments executed in Italy and Europe in the following centuries.
For the Basilica of St. Anthony, Donatello created, most famously, the bronze Crucifix of 1444–1447 and additional statues for the choir, including a "Madonna with Child" and six saints, constituting a Holy Conversation, which is no longer visible since the renovation by Camillo Boito in 1895.
The "Madonna with Child" portrays the Child being displayed to the faithful, on a throne flanked by two sphinxes, allegorical figures of knowledge.
On the throne's back is a relief of Adam and Eve.
During this period—1446–50—Donatello also executed four extremely important reliefs with scenes from the life of St. Anthony for the high altar.