community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)
Section: Usage in media

Question: What games did Katy Perry's Stronger appear in?

Cultural impact.
Usage in media.
"Stronger" was also used in various forms of media.
It was used in a 2011 Toyota Camry advertisement which stars Clarkson singing the song with her co-stars Chris Berman, Andrew Zimmern, and James Lipton.
Amber Riley, Naya Rivera, and Heather Morris performed the song on the season three episode of "Glee" titled "On My Way", which aired on February 21, 2012.
Raymund Flandez of "The Wall Street Journal" described the trio's performance as "fine, fierce and fabulous."
Their version of "Stronger" debuted on the Hot 100 at number 66 on the week ending March 3, 2012 as "What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)".
The song was featured in "Suburgatory" and was used in advertisements promoting the second season of the USA Network series "Fairly Legal".
It was also featured in a playable piece in the Harmonix video game "Rock Band Blitz", "Rock Band 3" and "Dance Central 3".
On May 6, 2012, a video of some of the patients and hospital staff of Seattle Children's hematology oncology unit dancing to the song were uploaded in YouTube to represent their fight against cancer.
The video became a viral hit and has been featured by "Time" and CBS News.
On February 26, 2012, Chemmy Alcott and Sean Rice skated to the song on Dancing on Ice.
Maria Menounos and Derek Hough danced to the song in the fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars.
The instrumental version has been used as background music to the promotion and the opening theme to the 2013 MDA Show of Strength telethon.
Article: Sausage
Section: Casings

Question: What was saussage casing originally made from?

Traditionally, sausage casings were made of the cleaned intestines, or stomachs in the case of haggis and other traditional puddings.
Today, however, natural casings are often replaced by collagen, cellulose, or even plastic casings, especially in the case of industrially manufactured sausages.
Some forms of sausage, such as sliced sausage, are prepared without a casing.
Additionally, luncheon meat and sausage meat are now available without casings in tin cans and jars.
Article: The Holocaust
Section: Jehovah's Witnesses

Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses were killed?

Refusing to pledge allegiance to the Nazi party or to serve in the military, roughly 12,000 Jehovah's Witnesses were forced to wear a purple triangle and were placed in camps where they were given the option of renouncing their faith and submitting to the state's authority.
Between 2,500 and 5,000 were killed.
Historian Detlef Garbe, director at the Neuengamme (Hamburg) Memorial, writes that "no other religious movement resisted the pressure to conform to National Socialism with comparable unanimity and steadfastness."
Article: France
Section: Cinema

Question: Of the total film revenues of France, what percentage of films are french films ?

France has historical and strong links with cinema, with two Frenchmen, Auguste and Louis Lumière (known as the Lumière Brothers) having created cinema in 1895.
France remains a leader in filmmaking, as of 2006 producing more films than any other European country.
The nation also hosts the Cannes Festival, one of the most important and famous film festivals in the world.
Although the French film market is dominated by Hollywood, France is the only nation in the world where American films make up the smallest share of total film revenues, at 50%, compared with 77% in Germany and 69% in Japan.
French films account for 35% of the total film revenues of France, which is the highest percentage of national film revenues in the developed world outside the United States, compared to 14% in Spain and 8% in the UK.
Until recently, France had for centuries been the cultural center of the world, although its dominant position has been surpassed by the United States.
Subsequently, France takes steps in protecting and promoting its culture, becoming a leading advocate of the cultural exception.
The nation succeeded in convincing all EU members to refuse to include culture and audiovisuals in the list of liberalized sectors of the WTO in 1993.
Moreover, this decision was confirmed in a voting in the UNESCO in 2005, and the principle of "cultural exception" won an overwhelming victory: 198 countries voted for it, only 2 countries, the U.S and Israel, voted against it.
Article: Counting Stars
Section: Abstract

Question: What album is the soung "Counting Stars" from?

"Counting Stars" is a song by American pop rock band OneRepublic from their third studio album, "Native" (2013).
The song was written by lead singer Ryan Tedder, and produced by Tedder and Noel Zancanella.
Musically, it is a pop song with strong elements of folk music.
It was released as the album's third single on June 14, 2013 in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.
The song has been one of the band's most successful singles, reaching No.
1 in many countries including Canada and the United Kingdom, No.
2 in the United States, and top ten in 20 countries.
The song's accompanying music video, directed by James Lees, features the band performing in a basement beneath an ongoing church congregation.
Article: Gangnam Style
Section: Miscellaneous

Question: For the Gangnam Style music video, what percentage (rating) did the readers of the 2012 Billboard.com readers poll give it?

The music video came in first with 21% rating in the 2012 Billboard.com's readers poll, beating "Where Have You Been" by Rihanna (19%) and "Beauty and a Beat" by Justin Bieber featuring Nicki Minaj (11%).
The song was the most popular song played on New Year's Eve and the most sung song on the day, leaving "Auld Lang Syne" in second place for the first time since 2005, on karaoke company Lucky Voice's online service in the United Kingdom.
CNN readers picked "Gangnam Style" as the eighth best song of 2012.
"The Week" (US edition) ranked the song's global popularity at No.
6 with the strapline "'Gangnam Style' takes over the world" on the 13 biggest pop culture moments of the year list.
The phenomenon of the song and the video was also picked as one of the 2012's most viral moments in music by Wendy Geller of Yahoo!
Music, and No.
2 on the 2012 top 20 music moments list after Whitney Houston's passing by "Billboard", being written "If there's one meme, song and face that has been truly inescapable in the second half of 2012, it's South Korean rapper Psy and his outrageous 'Gangnam Style'."
Article: Cereal
Section: Period

Question: What two tools are used to harvest cereal crops in developing countries?

Once the cereal plants have grown their seeds, they have completed their life cycle.
The plants die and become brown and dry.
As soon as the parent plants and their seed kernels are reasonably dry, harvest can begin.
In developed countries, cereal crops are universally machine-harvested, typically using a combine harvester, which cuts, threshes, and winnows the grain during a single pass across the field.
In developing countries, a variety of harvesting methods are in use, depending on the cost of labor, from combines to hand tools such as the scythe or cradle.
If a crop is harvested during wet weather, the grain may not dry adequately in the field to prevent spoilage during its storage.
In this case, the grain is sent to a dehydrating facility, where artificial heat dries it.
In North America, farmers commonly deliver their newly harvested grain to a grain elevator, a large storage facility that consolidates the crops of many farmers.
The farmer may sell the grain at the time of delivery or maintain ownership of a share of grain in the pool for later sale.
Storage facilities should be protected from small grain pests, rodents and birds.
Article: The Holocaust
Section: Homosexuals

Question: Who was behind the creation of the Reich Central Office for Combating Homosexuality and Abortion?

Between 5,000 and 15,000 homosexuals of German nationality are estimated to have been sent to concentration camps.
James D. Steakley writes that what mattered in Germany was criminal intent or character, rather than criminal acts, and the ""gesundes Volksempfinden"" ("healthy sensibility of the people") became the leading normative legal principle.
In 1936, Himmler created the Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion.
Homosexuality was declared contrary to "wholesome popular sentiment," and homosexuals were consequently regarded as "defilers of German blood."
The Gestapo raided gay bars, tracked individuals using the address books of those they arrested, used the subscription lists of gay magazines to find others, and encouraged people to report suspected homosexual behavior and to scrutinize the behavior of their neighbors.
Tens of thousands were convicted between 1933 and 1944 and sent to camps for "rehabilitation", where they were identified by yellow armbands and later pink triangles worn on the left side of the jacket and the right trouser leg, which singled them out for sexual abuse.
Hundreds were castrated by court order.
They were humiliated, tortured, used in hormone experiments conducted by SS doctors, and killed.
Steakley writes that the full extent of gay suffering was slow to emerge after the war.
Many victims kept their stories to themselves because homosexuality remained criminalized in postwar Germany.
Around two percent of German homosexuals were persecuted by Nazis.
Article: Telescope
Section: Abstract

Question: In which country were telescopes invented?

A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).
The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, using glass lenses.
They found use in terrestrial applications and astronomy.
Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was invented, which used mirrors.
In the 20th century many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
The word "telescope" now refers to a wide range of instruments detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.
The word ""telescope"" (from the Greek τῆλε, "tele" "far" and σκοπεῖν, "skopein" "to look or see"; τηλεσκόπος, "teleskopos" "far-seeing") was coined in 1611 by the Greek mathematician Giovanni Demisiani for one of Galileo Galilei's instruments presented at a banquet at the Accademia dei Lincei.
In the "Starry Messenger", Galileo had used the term "perspicillum".
Article: Vegetable
Section: Terminology

Question: In what country is Avocado regarded as a fruit?

There are at least four definitions relating to fruits and vegetables: 
Fruit (botany): the ovary of a flowering plant (sometimes including accessory structures), 
Fruit (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a sweet flavor, 
Vegetable (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a savory flavor.
Vegetable (legal): commodities that are taxed as vegetables in a particular jurisdiction 
In everyday, grocery-store, culinary language, the words "fruit" and "vegetable" are mutually exclusive ; plant products that are called fruit are hardly ever classified as vegetables, and vice-versa.
The word "fruit" has a precise botanical meaning (a part that developed from the ovary of a flowering plant), which is considerably different from its culinary meaning, and includes many poisonous fruits.
While peaches, plums, and oranges are "fruit" in both senses, many items commonly called "vegetables" — such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes — are botanically fruits, while the cereals (grains) are both a fruit and a vegetable, as well as some spices like black pepper and chili peppers.
The question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable found its way into the United States Supreme Court in 1893.
The court ruled unanimously in "Nix v. Hedden" that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce.
The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically speaking, a tomato is a fruit.
Languages other than English often have categories that can be identified with the common English meanings of "fruit" and "vegetable", but their precise meaning often depends on local culinary traditions.
For example, in Brazil the avocado is traditionally consumed with sugar as a dessert or in milkshakes, and hence it is regarded as a culinary fruit; whereas in other countries (including Mexico and the United States) it is used in salads and dips, and hence considered to be a vegetable.
Article: American Revolution
Section: The end of the war

Question: During which years were Americans alone?

Support for the conflict had never been strong in Britain, where many sympathized with the rebels, but now it reached a new low.
Although King George III personally wanted to fight on, his supporters lost control of Parliament, and no further major land offensives were launched in the American Theater.
Washington could not know that after Yorktown the British would not reopen hostilities.
They still had 26,000 troops occupying New York City, Charleston and Savannah, together with a powerful fleet.
The French army and navy departed, so the Americans were on their own in 1782–83.
The treasury was empty, and the unpaid soldiers were growing restive, almost to the point of mutiny or possible "coup d'état".
The unrest among officers of the Newburgh Conspiracy was personally dispelled by Washington in 1783, and Congress subsequently created the promise of a five years bonus for all officers.
Article: Vegetable
Section: Terminology

Question: Tomatoes were ruled as vegetable in what court case?

There are at least four definitions relating to fruits and vegetables: 
Fruit (botany): the ovary of a flowering plant (sometimes including accessory structures), 
Fruit (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a sweet flavor, 
Vegetable (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a savory flavor.
Vegetable (legal): commodities that are taxed as vegetables in a particular jurisdiction 
In everyday, grocery-store, culinary language, the words "fruit" and "vegetable" are mutually exclusive ; plant products that are called fruit are hardly ever classified as vegetables, and vice-versa.
The word "fruit" has a precise botanical meaning (a part that developed from the ovary of a flowering plant), which is considerably different from its culinary meaning, and includes many poisonous fruits.
While peaches, plums, and oranges are "fruit" in both senses, many items commonly called "vegetables" — such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes — are botanically fruits, while the cereals (grains) are both a fruit and a vegetable, as well as some spices like black pepper and chili peppers.
The question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable found its way into the United States Supreme Court in 1893.
The court ruled unanimously in "Nix v. Hedden" that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce.
The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically speaking, a tomato is a fruit.
Languages other than English often have categories that can be identified with the common English meanings of "fruit" and "vegetable", but their precise meaning often depends on local culinary traditions.
For example, in Brazil the avocado is traditionally consumed with sugar as a dessert or in milkshakes, and hence it is regarded as a culinary fruit; whereas in other countries (including Mexico and the United States) it is used in salads and dips, and hence considered to be a vegetable.
Article: Moonrise Kingdom
Section: Abstract

Question: Who bought the rights to the film Moonrise Kingdom?

Moonrise Kingdom is a 2012 American film directed by Wes Anderson, written by Anderson and Roman Coppola.
Described as an "eccentric pubescent love story", it features newcomers Jared Gilman and Kara Hayward in the film's main roles and an ensemble cast.
Filming took place in Rhode Island from April until June 29, 2011.
Worldwide rights to the independently-produced film were acquired by Focus Features.
The film received critical acclaim and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.
It was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Article: Indonesia
Section: Abstract

Question: What is Indonesia and where is it?

Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania.
Indonesia is an archipelago comprising 13,466 islands.
It encompasses 33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (for being governed by a pre-colonial monarchy) with over 238 million people, making it the world's fourth most populous country.
Indonesia's republic form of government comprises an elected legislature and president.
The nation's capital city is Jakarta.
The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia.
Other neighboring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
The Indonesian economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India.
Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished.
Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources.
Muslim traders brought the now-dominant Islam, while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery.
Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II.
Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups.
The largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group are the Javanese.
A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it.
Indonesia's national motto, ""Bhinneka Tunggal Ika"" ("Unity in Diversity" "literally," "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country.
Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity.
The country has abundant natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread.
Article: Starships (song)
Section: Personnel

Question: Where was the song "Starships" by Nicki Minaj Recorded at?

Recording
Recorded at Kinglet Studios, Stockholm, Sweden, and Conway Recording Studios, Hollywood, California, United States
Mixed at Conway Recording Studios
Personnel
Nicki Minaj – vocals, songwriter
RedOne – songwriter, producer, instruments
Carl Falk – songwriter, producer, mixing, additional vocals, instruments, guitar
Rami Yacoub – songwriter, producer, mixing, vocal editing, instruments
Wayne Hector – songwriter, additional vocals
Trevor Muzzy – recording, mixing, vocal editing
Ariel Chobaz – recording
Jon Sher – recording assistant
Mohombi – additional vocals
Article: Canada
Section: Abstract

Question: 10 provinces and 3 territories comprise what nation?

Canada is a country in North America consisting of 10 provinces and 3 territories.
Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean.
At 9.98 million square kilometres in total, Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples.
Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonies were established on the region's Atlantic coast.
As a consequence of various conflicts, the United Kingdom gained and lost North American territories until left in the late 18th century with what mostly comprises Canada today.
On July 1, 1867, three British colonies joined to form the federal dominion of Canada.
Other colonies subsequently joined and the remainder of Britain's lands were transferred to Canada.
Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.
Canada is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The country is officially bilingual at the federal level.
It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries, with a population of approximately 35 million as of December 2012.
Its advanced economy is one of the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed trade networks.
Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.
Canada is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the eighth highest per capita income globally, and the eleventh highest ranking in the Human Development Index.
It ranks among the highest in international measurements of education, government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, and economic freedom.
Canada's participation in economic international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings includes the G8 (Group of Eight), the Group of Ten (economic), the Group of Twenty (G-20 major economies), the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
Canada's alliances include the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Article: Free Bird
Section: Reception

Question: Where does "Free Bird" rank on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time?

"Free Bird" is included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll, and at number 193 in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
In 2009 it was named the 26th best hard rock song of all time by VH1.
The song—half ballad, half up-tempo guitar solo—quickly became a staple for Lynyrd Skynyrd at their live performances.
Many recognize its 5:12 triple guitar solo section that closes it out.
It often turned into an extended jam session at concerts.
The band would consistently play it as the last song of every show, as it was their biggest crowd pleaser.
Overall the song proved to be a huge hit for Lynyrd Skynyrd and it remains a fan favorite to this day.
It is also a classic rock radio staple.
Following the plane crash in 1977 in which several band members were killed, all of the songs played by surviving members were performed as instrumentals beginning with the Charlie Daniels Volunteer Jam V in 1979.
When "Free Bird" came up, a solitary microphone with a single spotlight would be at center stage while the band played the instrumental version.
This tradition lasted until 1989, when an almost-rioting audience coerced Rossington to urge Johnny Van Zant to sing the song for the first time – something he had vowed never to do on stage during the Tribute Tour.
The current version has a shortened solo similar to the original studio version.