community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Fruit
Section: Safety

Question: What types of foods should one keep fruits and vegetables away from?

For food safety, the CDC recommends proper fruit handling and preparation to reduce the risk of food contamination and foodborne illness.
Fresh fruits and vegetables should be carefully selected.
At the store, they should not be damaged or bruised and pre-cut pieces should be refrigerated or surrounded by ice.
All fruits and vegetables should be rinsed before eating.
This recommendation also applies to produce with rinds or skins that are not eaten.
It should be done just before preparing or eating to avoid premature spoilage.
Fruits and vegetables should be kept separate from raw foods like meat, poultry, and seafood, as well as utensils that have come in contact with raw foods.
Fruits and vegetables, if they are not going to be cooked, should be thrown away if they have touched raw meat, poultry, seafood or eggs.
All cut, peeled, or cooked fruits and vegetables should be refrigerated within two hours.
After a certain time, harmful bacteria may grow on them and increase the risk of foodborne illness.
Article: Let It Be
Section: Personnel

Question: Who has choral arrangements on "Across the Universe", "I Me Mine" and "The Long and Winding Road"?

The Beatles
George Harrison – lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitar on "For You Blue" and "I Me Mine", tambura on "Across the Universe", tuned-down six-string electric guitar on "Two of Us" and "Maggie Mae", lead vocals on "I Me Mine" and "For You Blue", backing vocals.
John Lennon – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar, lead guitar on "Get Back", lap steel guitar on "For You Blue", acoustic guitar on "Two of Us", "Across the Universe" and "Maggie Mae", six-string bass guitar on "Dig It", "Let It Be" and "The Long and Winding Road", whistling on "Two of Us".
Paul McCartney – lead and backing vocals, bass guitar, acoustic guitar on "Two of Us" and "Maggie Mae", piano on "Dig It", "Across the Universe", "Let It Be", "The Long and Winding Road", and "For You Blue", Hammond organ and electric piano on "I Me Mine", maracas on "Let It Be".
Ringo Starr – drums, percussion on "Across the Universe".
Additional musicians
Richard Anthony Hewson – string and brass arrangements on "I Me Mine" and "The Long and Winding Road"
John Barham – choral arrangements on "Across the Universe", "I Me Mine" and "The Long and Winding Road"
George Martin – shaker on "Dig It", string and brass arrangements on "Let It Be", production
Linda McCartney – backing vocals on "Let It Be"
Billy Preston – electric piano on "Dig a Pony", "I've Got a Feeling", "One After 909", "The Long and Winding Road", and "Get Back", Hammond organ on "Dig It" and "Let It Be"
Brian Rogers – string and brass arrangements on "Across the Universe"
Production
Glyn Johns – audio engineering, mixing
Alan Parsons – assistant engineer
Phil Spector – "re-producer" (final overdubs), final mixing
Article: Ramen
Section: Noodles

Question: What was "kansui" named after?

Most noodles are made from four basic ingredients: wheat flour, salt, water, and "kansui", which is essentially a type of alkaline mineral water, containing sodium carbonate and usually potassium carbonate, as well as sometimes a small amount of phosphoric acid.
Originally, "kansui" was named after the water from Inner Mongolia's Lake Kan which contained large amounts of these minerals and was said to be perfect for making these noodles.
Making noodles with "kansui" lends them a yellowish hue as well as a firm texture.
Eggs may also be substituted for "kansui".
Some noodles are made with neither eggs nor "kansui" and should only be used for yakisoba.
Ramen comes in various shapes and lengths.
It may be thick, thin, or even ribbon-like, as well as straight or wrinkled.
Article: Operation Barbarossa
Section: Nazi Germany policy towards the Soviet Union

Question: Who was the speaker of an inescapable battle against "pan-Slav ideals"?

German intentions.
Nazi Germany policy towards the Soviet Union.
As early as 1925, Hitler suggested in "Mein Kampf" that he would invade the Soviet Union, asserting that the German people needed "Lebensraum" ("living space", i.e., land and raw materials) and that these should be sought in the East.
Nazism viewed the Soviet Union (and all of Eastern Europe) as populated by ""Untermensch"" Slavs, ruled by "Jewish Bolshevik" masters.
"Mein Kampf" said Germany's destiny was to turn "to the East" as it did "six hundred years ago" and "the end of the Jewish domination in Russia will also be the end of Russia as a State."
Thereafter, Hitler spoke of an inescapable battle against "pan-Slav ideals", in which victory would lead to "permanent mastery of the world", although he also said they would "walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us".
Accordingly, it was stated Nazi policy to kill, deport, or enslave the majority of Russian and other Slavic populations and repopulate the land with Germanic peoples (see Generalplan Ost).
Before World War II, observers believed that in a war with the Soviet Union, Germany would attack through the Baltic states while the "Kriegsmarine" would seize Leningrad from the sea.
They assumed that possessing the entire Baltic basin would satisfy Hitler, who would not repeat Napoleon's mistake of attacking Moscow.
Article: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Section: Construction

Question: How many years did it take to to construct the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

Construction of the tower occurred in three stages across 199 years.
Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August 14, 1173, during a period of military success and prosperity.
This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals.
The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178.
This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning.
Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence.
This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle.
Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled.
In 1198 clocks were temporarily installed on the third floor of the unfinished construction.
In 1272 construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto.
In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other.
Because of this, the tower is actually curved.
Construction was halted again in 1284, when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria.
The seventh floor was completed in 1319.
It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower.
There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale.
The largest one was installed in 1655.
The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372.
After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening.
These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain.
Article: The Creation of Adam
Section: Popular culture

Question: In the Touch by his Noodly Appendage artwork, who is in God's spot?

"The Creation of Adam" is one of the most well-known and famous artworks of all time, and as such has been the subject of a number of references and parodies.
Some of these parodies have become famous in their own right, in particular, John Alvin's poster for Steven Spielberg's film "E.T.
the Extra-Terrestrial", and Niklaas Jansen's artwork "Touched by His Noodly Appendage", in which God is replaced by Bobby Henderson's Flying Spaghetti Monster.
Parodies have appeared on many well-known television programs including "The Simpsons", "The Muppets", "Sesame Street", and "Arrested Development".
Article: Marzipan
Section: Etymology

Question: During what century did boxes serve as decorative container for holding and serving luxurious sweetmeats?

The German name has largely ousted the original English name "marchpane" with the same apparent derivation: "March bread."
(The word "marchpane" occurs in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet", Act 1, Scene 5, Line 9.)
"Marzapane" is documented earlier in Italian than in any other language, and the sense "bread" for "pan" is Romance.
The origin could be from the Latin term "martius panis", which means "bread of March".
However, the ultimate etymology is unclear; for example, the Italian word derives from the Latin words "Massa" (itself from Greek Μάζα "Maza") meaning pastry and "Pan" meaning bread, this can be particularly seen in the Provençal "massapan", the Portuguese "maçapão" (where 'ç' is an alternative form for the phoneme 'ss') and old Spanish "mazapán" - the change from 'ss' to 'z' in Latin words was common in old Spanish and the 'r' appeared later.
Though, it could also be derived from martis pan, bread of March.
Among the other possible etymologies set forth in the Oxford English Dictionary, one theory proposes that the word "marzipan" may be a corruption of Martaban, a Burmese city famous for its jars.
The Real Academia Española suggests the idea of the Spanish word mazapán to be derived from the Hispanic Arabic بسمة pičmáṭ, which is derived from the Greek παξαμάδιον.
Another source could be from Arabic موثابان "mawthābān" "king who sits still."
The Arabic, Latinized as "matapanus", was used to describe a Venetian coin depicting an enthroned Christ the King.
These coins were stored in ornate boxes.
From about the fifteenth century, when the coins were no longer in circulation, the boxes became decorative containers for storing and serving luxury sweetmeats.
One such luxury that crept into the box in the sixteenth century is the now-famous almond-flavored marzipan, named (at least proximately) after the box in which it was stored.
However, if marzipan has its origin in Persia, it is not unlikely that the name may come from Marzban (in Persian: مرزبان, derived from the words Marz مرز meaning "border" or "boundary" and the suffix -bān بان meaning guardian), a class of margraves or military commanders in charge of border provinces of the Sassanid Empire of Persia (Iran) between 3rd and 7th centuries CE.
It is also a possibility that the origin of this dessert and the origin of the term come from different geographical places.
Article: Wakeboarding
Section: Boats

Question: What difference was found between waterboarding and regular reunabout.

The most common difference between a regular runabout and a wakeboarding boat is the wakeboard tower, normally constructed of thick-walled stainless steel or aluminum tubing, which places the "pull point" about off the water's surface.
The high tow point makes it easier to jump and get air as the rope is not pulling downward as when it is attached to the low tow point used for skiing.
Most modern wakeboarding boats also have a variable ballast system, which allows for water to be pumped into and out of ballast tanks from the surrounding water.
Adding ballast increases displacement, and consequently enlarges the wake produced.
A significant portion of wakeboarding boats utilizes V-drive propulsion.
These boats have a regular inboard engine, but are turned 180° such that the transmission is in front of the engine, rather than behind, or "inline", which is a more common layout for inboard tournament ski boats.
The prop shaft exits the transmission towards the rear of the boat, so that the prop is placed directly under the engine.
When viewed from the side, such a layout appears as a "V" lying on its side.
This layout allows for better weight distribution(with the engine farther aft), and places the prop farther forward, reducing the danger of the spinning prop near the stern of the vessel, where riders enter and exit the water.
Article: The Terminator
Section: Release-1

Question: What company originally released The Terminator soundtrack album?

The soundtrack album was originally released through Enigma Records.
It was followed by a CD and cassette reissue on July 1, 1991 through DCC Compact Classics.
A remastered edition entitled "The Definitive Edition" was released on August 22, 1995 through Edel AG.
This edition contained a 73-minute running time and included a bonus track the "Judgement Day Remix" of "Theme from The Terminator."
The liner notes of the album contained extensive annotations for each track.
Article: Bacteria
Section: Pathogens

Question: When bacteria is formed by a parasitic association with other organisms, what are they classified as?

If bacteria form a parasitic association with other organisms, they are classed as pathogens.
Pathogenic bacteria are a major cause of human death and disease and cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, leprosy and tuberculosis.
A pathogenic cause for a known medical disease may only be discovered many years after, as was the case with "Helicobacter pylori" and peptic ulcer disease.
Bacterial diseases are also important in agriculture, with bacteria causing leaf spot, fire blight and wilts in plants, as well as Johne's disease, mastitis, salmonella and anthrax in farm animals.
Each species of pathogen has a characteristic spectrum of interactions with its human hosts.
Some organisms, such as "Staphylococcus" or "Streptococcus", can cause skin infections, pneumonia, meningitis and even overwhelming sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response producing shock, massive vasodilation and death.
Yet these organisms are also part of the normal human flora and usually exist on the skin or in the nose without causing any disease at all.
Other organisms invariably cause disease in humans, such as the Rickettsia, which are obligate intracellular parasites able to grow and reproduce only within the cells of other organisms.
One species of Rickettsia causes typhus, while another causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
"Chlamydia", another phylum of obligate intracellular parasites, contains species that can cause pneumonia, or urinary tract infection and may be involved in coronary heart disease.
Finally, some species such as "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Burkholderia cenocepacia", and "Mycobacterium avium" are opportunistic pathogens and cause disease mainly in people suffering from immunosuppression or cystic fibrosis.
Bacterial infections may be treated with antibiotics, which are classified as bacteriocidal if they kill bacteria, or bacteriostatic if they just prevent bacterial growth.
There are many types of antibiotics and each class inhibits a process that is different in the pathogen from that found in the host.
An example of how antibiotics produce selective toxicity are chloramphenicol and puromycin, which inhibit the bacterial ribosome, but not the structurally different eukaryotic ribosome.
Antibiotics are used both in treating human disease and in intensive farming to promote animal growth, where they may be contributing to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations.
Infections can be prevented by antiseptic measures such as sterilizing the skin prior to piercing it with the needle of a syringe, and by proper care of indwelling catheters.
Surgical and dental instruments are also sterilized to prevent contamination by bacteria.
Disinfectants such as bleach are used to kill bacteria or other pathogens on surfaces to prevent contamination and further reduce the risk of infection.
Article: Chocolate brownie
Section: History

Question: Why does the Boston Cooking School brownie recipe call for an extra egg and square of chocolate?

A chef at Chicago's Palmer House Hotel created the confection after Bertha Palmer requested a dessert for ladies attending the Chicago 1893 World Fair; it should be, she said, smaller than a piece of cake, though still retaining cake-like characteristics and easily eaten from boxed lunches.
These first brownies featured an apricot glaze and walnuts, and they are still being made at the hotel according to the original recipe.
The earliest published recipes for a brownie like those of today appeared in the "Home Cookery" (1904, Laconia, NH), "Service Club Cook Book" (1904, Chicago, IL), "The Boston Globe" (April 2, 1905 p. 34) and the 1906 edition of "The Boston Cooking School Cook Book" by Fannie Merritt Farmer.
These recipes produced a relatively mild and cake-like brownie.
The name "brownie" first appeared in the 1896 version of the cookbook, but this was in reference to molasses cakes baked individually in tin molds, not true brownies.
A second recipe appeared in 1907 in "Lowney’s Cook Book", by Maria Willet Howard and published by the Walter M. Lowney Company of Boston, Massachusetts.
This recipe added an extra egg and an additional square of chocolate to the Boston Cooking School recipe, creating a richer, fudgier brownie.
The recipe was named Bangor Brownies, possibly because it was created by a woman in Bangor, Maine.
The Bangor Brownie went on to be rated third in the top 10 snacks a few years later.
Article: Notre Dame de Paris
Section: Organ

Question: How long did it take to restore the organ?

Though several organs were installed in the cathedral over time, the earliest ones were inadequate for the building.
The first noteworthy organ was finished in the 18th century by the noted builder François-Henri Clicquot.
Some of Clicquot's original pipework in the pedal division continues to sound from the organ today.
The organ was almost completely rebuilt and expanded in the 19th century by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.
The position of titular organist ("head" or "chief" organist) at Notre-Dame is considered one of the most prestigious organist posts in France, along with the post of titular organist of Saint Sulpice in Paris, Cavaillé-Coll's largest instrument.
The organ has 7,374 pipes, with ca 900 classified as historical.
It has 110 real stops, five 56-key manuals and a 32-key pedalboard.
In December 1992, a two-year restoration of the organ was completed that fully computerized the organ under three LANs (Local Area Networks).
The restoration also included a number of additions, notably two further horizontal reed stops "en chamade" in the Cavaille-Coll style.
The Notre-Dame organ is therefore unique in France in having five fully independent reed stops "en chamade".
Article: The Creation of Adam
Section: Composition

Question: Does God's finger touch Adam's finger?

God is depicted as an elderly white-bearded man wrapped in a swirling cloak while Adam, on the lower left, is completely nude.
God's right arm is outstretched to impart the spark of life from his own finger into that of Adam, whose left arm is extended in a pose mirroring God's, a reminder that man is created in the image and likeness of God ().
Another point is that Adam's finger and God's finger are not touching.
It gives the impression that God, the giver of life, is reaching out to Adam who receives it; they are not on "the same level" as would be two humans shaking hands, for instance.
Many hypotheses have been formulated regarding the identity and meaning of the figures around God.
The person protected by God's left arm might be Eve due to the figure's feminine appearance and gaze towards Adam, but was also suggested to be Virgin Mary, Sophia, the personified human soul, or an angel of feminine build.
"The Creation of Adam" is generally thought to depict the excerpt "God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him" ().
The inspiration for Michelangelo's treatment of the subject may come from a medieval hymn called "Veni Creator Spiritus", which asks the 'finger of the paternal right hand' ("digitus paternae dexterae") to give the faithful speech.
Article: All Is Lost
Section: Critical response

Question: Who is the star of the movie "All Is Lost"?

"All Is Lost" has received critical acclaim.
Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 93% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 194 reviews, with an average score of 7.9/10.
The site's consensus states: "Anchored by another tremendous performance in a career full of them, "All Is Lost" offers a moving, eminently worthwhile testament to Robert Redford's ability to hold the screen."
On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 87 based on 45 reviews, considered to be "universal acclaim".
After the screening of the film at the Cannes Film Festival, Redford received a standing ovation.
Writing for "The Independent", Geoffrey Macnab said the film was "utterly compelling viewing".
Andrew Pulver, writing for "The Guardian", said that "Redford delivers a tour de force performance: holding the screen effortlessly with no acting support whatsoever."
Justin Chang of "Variety" said of Redford's performance that he "holds the viewer’s attention merely by wincing, scowling, troubleshooting and yelling the occasional expletive".
Robbie Collin of "The Telegraph" said, "The film's scope is limited, but as far as it goes, "All Is Lost" is very good indeed: a neat idea, very nimbly executed.
"Peter Bradshaw writing also for The Guardian says the "near-mute performance as a mysterious old man of the sea" to be "a bold, gripping thriller."
Being an ambiguous and challenging metaphor, he concludes: “What a strikingly bold and thoughtful film.”Alan Scherstuhl of "The Village Voice" writes that the film is "a genuine nail-biter, scrupulously made and fully involving, elemental in its simplicity."
David Morgan of CBS News gave the film a positive review, stating, "Four decades ago Redford demonstrated a similar capacity for survival skills as the mountain man Jeremiah Johnson.
Today, at age 77, without a supporting cast and performing virtually all of his water stunts himself, Redford proves he is still up to the task, shining in what is an extremely physical but also an intellectually demanding role.
"Steve Pulaski of "Influx Magazine" gave the film an A-, commenting, ""All is Lost" is a strong film in terms of mood and score.
I have no idea what audiences will think of it.
Some will hail it[...]and others will loathe it for not getting more to the bottom of things and leaving each scene with some element of ambiguity."
Article: American Hustle
Section: Cast

Question: What actor is not credited as Victor Tellegio?

Several of the characters are fictional versions of specific real-life counterparts:
 Christian Bale as Irving Rosenfeld (based on Melvin Weinberg )
 Bradley Cooper as FBI Agent Richard "Richie" DiMaso (based on Anthony Amoroso, Jr.)
 Amy Adams as Sydney Prosser / Lady Edith Greensly (based on Evelyn Knight)
 Jeremy Renner as Mayor Carmine Polito (based on Angelo Errichetti)
 Jennifer Lawrence as Rosalyn Rosenfeld (based on Cynthia Marie Weinberg)
 Louis C.K.
as Stoddard Thorsen
 Jack Huston as Pete Musane
 Saïd Taghmaoui as Irving's Sheikh Plant
 Michael Peña as Paco Hernandez / Sheikh Abdullah
 Shea Whigham as Carl Elway
 Erica McDermott as Carl Elway's Assistant / Addie Abrams
 Alessandro Nivola as Anthony Amado
 Elisabeth Röhm as Dolly Polito (based on Dolores "Dodie" Errichetti)
 Colleen Camp as Brenda
 Paul Herman as Alfonse Simone
 Anthony Zerbe as a US Senator from New Jersey (based on US Senator Harrison A.
"Pete" Williams)
 Robert De Niro (uncredited) as Victor Tellegio (based on mobster Vincent Alo)
Article: Taco
Section: Crispy tacos

Question: What ingredient are used to prepare a crispy taco?

A mostly California variation where the (sometimes over-sized) corn tortilla is fried or deep-fried in oil (originally, lard).
The meat can be anything, such as ground beef, steak, shredded beef, chicken or pork (carnitas).
Ground beef is generally diluted with refried bean paste and/or potato, and heavily seasoned.
Steak will usually be heavily chili-marinated, diced beef tip ("asada").
The meat is generally topped with jack and/or cheddar cheese, lettuce and tomato (and sometimes avocado and/or sour cream), with salsa on top.