community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Andy Warhol
Section: Death

Question: When and where did Warhol die?

Warhol died in New York City at 6:32 am on February 22, 1987.
According to news reports, he had been making good recovery from a routine gallbladder surgery at New York Hospital before dying in his sleep from a sudden post-operative cardiac arrhythmia.
Prior to his diagnosis and operation, Warhol delayed having his recurring gallbladder problems checked, as he was afraid to enter hospitals and see doctors.
His family sued the hospital for inadequate care, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water intoxication.
The malpractice case was quickly settled out of court; Warhol's family received an undisclosed sum of money.
Warhol's body was taken back to Pittsburgh by his brothers for burial.
The wake was at Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home and was an open-coffin ceremony.
The coffin was a solid bronze casket with gold plated rails and white upholstery.
Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit, a paisley tie, a platinum wig, and sunglasses.
He was posed holding a small prayer book and a red rose.
The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church on Pittsburgh's North Side.
The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter Tay.
Yoko Ono and John Richardson were speakers.
The coffin was covered with white roses and asparagus ferns.
After the liturgy, the coffin was driven to St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, a south suburb of Pittsburgh.
At the grave, the priest said a brief prayer and sprinkled holy water on the casket.
Before the coffin was lowered, Paige Powell dropped a copy of "Interview" magazine, an "Interview" T-shirt, and a bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume "Beautiful" into the grave.
Warhol was buried next to his mother and father.
A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York.
Article: United States
Section: Sports

Question: what was the final number of medals america got in the summer olympics?

The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.
Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.
Basketball and ice hockey are the country's next two leading professional team sports.
These four major sports, when played professionally, each occupy a season at different, but overlapping, times of the year.
College football and basketball attract large audiences.
Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports, but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR.
In the 21st century, televised mixed martial arts has also gained a strong following of regular viewers.
While soccer is less popular in the United States than in many other nations, the men's national soccer team has been to the past six World Cups and the women are #1 in the women's world rankings.
While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions, some of which have become popular in other countries.
Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact.
Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States.
The United States has won 2,400 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country, and 281 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most by 2014.
Article: Global warming
Section: Political discussion

Question: Where did the 15th UNFCCC Conference take place?

Discourse about global warming.
Political discussion.
Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
The ultimate objective of the Convention is to prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system.
As is stated in the Convention, this requires that GHG concentrations are stabilized in the atmosphere at a level where ecosystems can adapt naturally to climate change, food production is not threatened, and economic development can proceed in a sustainable fashion.
The Framework Convention was agreed in 1992, but since then, global emissions have risen.
During negotiations, the G77 (a lobbying group in the United Nations representing 133 developing nations) pushed for a mandate requiring developed countries to " the lead" in reducing their emissions.
This was justified on the basis that: the developed world's emissions had contributed most to the stock of GHGs in the atmosphere; per-capita emissions (i.e., emissions per head of population) were still relatively low in developing countries; and the emissions of developing countries would grow to meet their development needs.
This mandate was sustained in the Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention, which entered into legal effect in 2005.
In ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, most developed countries accepted legally binding commitments to limit their emissions.
These first-round commitments expired in 2012.US President George W. Bush rejected the treaty on the basis that "it exempts 80% of the world, including major population centers such as China and India, from compliance, and would cause serious harm to the US economy.
"At the 15th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, held in 2009 at Copenhagen, several UNFCCC Parties produced the Copenhagen Accord.
Parties associated with the Accord (140 countries, as of November 2010)aim to limit the future increase in global mean temperature to below .
A preliminary assessment published in November 2010 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) suggests a possible "emissions gap" between the voluntary pledges made in the Accord and the emissions cuts necessary to have a "likely" (greater than 66% probability) chance of meeting the objective.
The UNEP assessment takes the objective as being measured against the pre-industrial global mean temperature level.
To having a likely chance of meeting the objective, assessed studies generally indicated the need for global emissions to peak before 2020, with substantial declines in emissions thereafter.
The 16th Conference of the Parties (COP16) was held at Cancún in 2010.
It produced an agreement, not a binding treaty, that the Parties should take urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to meet a goal of limiting global warming to above pre-industrial temperatures.
It also recognized the need to consider strengthening the goal to a global average rise of .
Article: Russia
Section: Grand Duchy of Moscow

Question: Who took the title "Grand Duke of all the Russias" by securing its independence?

The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was the Grand Duchy of Moscow ("Moscovy" in the Western chronicles), initially a part of Vladimir-Suzdal.
While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, Moscow began to assert its influence in the Central Rus' in the early 14th century, gradually becoming the main leading force in the process of the Rus' lands' reunification and expansion of Russia.
Those were hard times, with frequent Mongol-Tatar raids and agriculture suffering from the beginning of the Little Ice Age.
As in the rest of Europe, plagues hit Russia somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490.
However, because of the lower population density and better hygiene (widespread practicing of banya, the wet steam bath), the population loss caused by plagues was not so severe as in the Western Europe, and the pre-Plague populations were reached in Russia as early as 1500.
Led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow and helped by the Russian Orthodox Church, the united army of Russian principalities inflicted a milestone defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380.
Moscow gradually absorbed the surrounding principalities, including the formerly strong rivals, such as Tver and Novgorod.
Ivan III ("the Great") finally threw off the control of the Golden Horde, consolidated the whole of Central and Northern Rus' under Moscow's dominion, and was the first to take the title "Grand Duke of all the Russias".
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Moscow claimed succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Ivan III married Sophia Palaiologina, the niece of the last Byzantine emperor Constantine XI, and made the Byzantine double-headed eagle his own, and eventually Russian, coat-of-arms.
Article: Eiffel Tower
Section: Wind considerations

Question: How did Effel account for the effects of wind?

At the time the tower was built many people were shocked by its daring shape.
Eiffel was accused of trying to create something artistic without regard to engineering.
However, Eiffel and his engineers, as experienced bridge builders, understood the importance of wind forces and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world they had to be certain it would withstand them.
In an interview with the newspaper "Le Temps (Paris)" of 14 February 1887, Eiffel said:Eiffel used empirical and graphical methods accounting for the effects of wind rather than a specific mathematical formula.
Careful examination of the tower shows a basically exponential shape (actually two different exponentials, the lower section overdesigned to ensure resistance to wind forces.
Several mathematical explanations have been proposed over the years for the success of the design; the most recent is described as a nonlinear integral equation based on counterbalancing the wind pressure on any point on the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point.
As proof of the tower's effectiveness in wind resistance, it sways only 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in the wind.
Article: Seafood
Section: Abstract

Question: What is seafood defined as?

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.
Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish.
Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.
Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent these days.
Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the category of sea vegetables).
In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term "seafood" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.
For the sake of completeness, this article includes all edible aquatic life.
The harvesting of wild seafood is known as fishing and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture, mariculture, or in the case of fish, fish farming.
Seafood is often distinguished from meat, although it is still animal and is excluded in a strict vegetarian diet.
Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas.
Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animal.
Some seafoods (kelp) are used as food for other plants (fertilizer).
In these ways, seafoods are indirectly used to produce further food for human consumption.
Products, such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are also extracted from seafoods.
Some seafood is feed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets, such as cats, and a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for non-food purposes (leather).
Article: Portrait of Dr. Gachet
Section: Composition

Question: What color table did Gachet rest his elbow on in Van Gogh's painting?

Van Gogh painted Gachet resting his right elbow on a red table, head in hand.
Two yellow books as well as the purple medicinal herb foxglove are displayed on the table.
The foxglove in the painting is a plant from which digitalis is extracted for the treatment of certain heart complaints, perhaps an attribute of Gachet as a doctor.
The doctor's "sensitive face", which Van Gogh famously wrote to Paul Gauguin carried "the heartbroken expression of our time", is described by Robert Wallace as the portrait's focus.
Wallace described the ultramarine blue coat of Gachet, set against a background of hills painted a lighter blue, as highlighting the "tired, pale features and transparent blue eyes that reflect the compassion and melancholy of the man."
Van Gogh himself claimed this expression of melancholy "would seem to look like a grimace to many who saw the canvas".
With the "Portrait of Dr. Gachet", Van Gogh sought to create a "modern portrait," which he wrote to his sister "impassions me most - much, much more than all the rest of my "métier"."
Elaborating on this quote, Van Gogh scholar Jan Hulsker noted "...much later generations experience it not only as psychologically striking, but also as a very unconventional and 'modern' portrait."
He also wrote, "My self-portrait is done in nearly the same way but the blue is the fine blue of the Midi, and the clothes are a light lilac," which would refer to one of his final self-portraits painted in September the year previous.
Van Gogh also wrote to Wilhelmina regarding the Portraits of Madame Ginoux he painted first in Arles in 1888 and again in February 1890 while at the hospital in Saint-Rémy.
The second set were styled after the portrait of the same figure by Gauguin, and Van Gogh described Gachet's enthusiasm upon viewing the version painted earlier that year, which the artist had carried with him to the home in Auvers.
Van Gogh subsequently carried compositional elements from this portrait to that of Dr. Gachet, including the table-top with two books and pose of the figure with head leaning on one hand.
Article: Kebab
Section: In China

Question: What is Chunar often referred to as?

Chuanr (), often referred to as "chua'r" in Pekingese and throughout the North, or kawap (كاۋاپ) in Uyghur, is a variation of kebab originating from the Uyghurs in the Western province of Xinjiang and a popular dish in Chinese Islamic cuisine.
The dish has since spread across the rest of the country and become a popular street food.
Although the most traditional form of chuanr uses lamb or mutton, other types of meat, such as chicken, beef, pork, and seafood, may be used as well.
Small pieces of meat are skewered and either roasted or deep-fried.
Common spices and condiments include cumin called "ziran", pepper, sesame, and sesame oil.
During Chinese New Year, it is common to find fruit kebabs candied and covered with a hard candy sugar coating.
At the famous Wángfǔjǐng in Beijing, it is very common to find many kinds of fruit kebabs of everything from bananas, strawberries, and seasonal Chinese fruits, as well as scorpions, squids, and various Japanese-flavored kebabs all year long.
Article: Thailand
Section: 28 June 1932

Question: The assembly met in the Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall in what year?

Prior to 1932, the Kingdom of Siam did not possess a legislature, as all legislative powers were vested within the person of the monarch.
This had been the case since the foundation of the Sukhothai Kingdom in the 12th century: as the king was seen as a "Dharmaraja" or "King who rules in accordance with Dharma" (the Buddhist law of righteousness).
However on 24 June 1932 a group of civilians and military officers, calling themselves the Khana Ratsadon (or People's Party) carried out a bloodless revolution, in which the 150 years of absolute rule of the House of Chakri was ended.
In its stead the group advocated a constitutional form of monarchy with an elected legislature.
The "Draft Constitution" of 1932 signed by King Prajadhipok, created Thailand's first legislature, a People's Assembly with 70 appointed members.
The assembly met for the first time on 28 June 1932, in the Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall.
The Khana Ratsadon decided that the people were not yet ready for an elected assembly; however they later changed their minds.
By the time the "permanent" constitution came into force in December of that year, elections were scheduled for 15 November 1933.
The new constitution also changed the composition of the assembly to 78 directly elected and 78 appointed (by the Khana Ratsadon) together compromising 156 members.
Article: Batman Begins
Section: Tumbler

Question: How was the Tumbler in Batman Begins created?

Crowley started the process of designing the Tumbler for the film by model bashing.
Crowley used the nose cone of a P-38 Lightning model to serve as the chassis for the Tumbler's turbine engine.
Six models of the Tumbler were built to 1:12 scale in the course of four months.
Following the scale model creation, a crew of over 30 people, including Crowley and engineers Chris Culvert and Annie Smith, carved a full-size replica of the Tumbler out of a large block of Styrofoam in two months.
The Styrofoam model was used to create a steel "test frame", which had to stand up to several standards: have a speed of over , go from 0 to in 5 seconds, possess a steering system to make sharp turns at city corners, and withstand a self-propelled launch of up to .
On the first jump test, the Tumbler's front end collapsed and had to be completely rebuilt.
The basic configuration of the newly designed Tumbler included a 5.7-liter Chevy V8 engine, a truck axle for the rear axle, front tires by Hoosier (which are actually dirt racing tires used on the right rear of open wheel sprint cars), 4 rear 44/18.5-16.5 Interco Super Swamper TSL tires (44" tall, 18.5" wide, mounted on a 16.5" wheel) and the suspension system of Baja racing trucks.
The design and development process took nine months and cost several million dollars.
With the design process complete, four street-ready race cars were constructed, with each vehicle possessing 65 panels and costing $250,000 to build.
Two of the four cars were specialized versions.
One version was the flap version, which had hydraulics and flaps to detail the close-up shots where the vehicle propelled itself through the air.
The other version was the jet version, in which an actual jet engine was mounted onto the vehicle, fueled by six propane tanks.
The visibility inside the vehicle was poor, so monitors were connected to cameras on the vehicle body.
The professional drivers for the Tumblers practiced driving the vehicles for six months before they drove on the streets of Chicago for the film's scenes.
The interior of the Tumbler was an immobile studio set and not actually the interior of a street-capable Tumbler.
The cockpit was over-sized to fit cameras for scenes filmed in the Tumbler interior.
In addition, another version of the Tumbler was a miniature model that was 1:6 scale of the actual Tumbler.
This miniature model had an electric motor and was used to show the Tumbler flying across ravines and between buildings.
However, the actual Tumbler was used for the waterfall sequence.
Article: The Vampire Diaries
Section: Series overview

Question: Why do both brother's show affection towards Elena?

The series follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), a teenage girl who falls deeply in love with a 163-year-old vampire named Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley).
Their relationship becomes increasingly complicated as Stefan's vicious and malevolent older brother Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder) returns with a plan to wreak havoc on the town, seeking revenge against his younger brother for turning him into a vampire against his will.
Both brothers begin to show affection towards Elena, mainly because of her resemblance to their past love Katherine Pierce.
It is revealed that Elena is a descendant of Katherine, who eventually returns with plans against the trio.
Elena undergoes many hardships and deaths of close family members and loved ones through her high school experience.
The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history since its settlement of migrants from New England in the late 19th century.
Additional story lines revolve around the other inhabitants of the town, most notably Elena's younger brother Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen), her best friends Bonnie Bennett (Katerina Graham) and Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola), and their mutual friends Tyler Lockwood (Michael Trevino) and Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig).
The town's politics are orchestrated by descendants of the original founding families, all comprising a "Founders' Council".
Some of the founding families of Mystic Falls include the Salvatores, the Gilberts, the Fells, the Forbes, and the Lockwoods.
They guard the town mainly from vampires, although there are many more supernatural threats such as werewolves, witches, ghosts, Originals and hybrids.
Article: How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)
Section: Cast and characters

Question: How did Polly acheive her divorce?

 Sarah Chalke as Polly, the single and divorced mother.
 Elizabeth Perkins as Elaine Green, Polly's mother and Natalie's grandmother.
 Rachel Eggleston as Natalie Tatham, Polly's daughter and Elaine's granddaughter.
 Brad Garrett as Max Green, Elaine's husband and Polly's step-father.
 Jon Dore as Julian Tatham, Polly's ex-husband.
 Stephanie Hunt as Jenn, Polly's co-worker and friend.
Article: Shooting
Section: Abstract

Question: Where can shooting take place?

Shooting is the act or process of firing firearms or other projectile weapons such as bows or crossbows.
Even the firing of artillery, rockets, and missiles can be called shooting.
A person who specializes in shooting is a marksman.
Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field in hunting, in shooting sports, or in combat.
Article: Argentina
Section: Independence and civil wars

Question: What is the name of Argentina's first Supreme Director?

Beginning a process from which Argentina was to emerge as successor state to the Viceroyalty, the 1810 May Revolution replaced the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros with the First Junta, a new government in Buenos Aires composed by locals.
In the first clashes of the Independence War the Junta crushed a royalist counter-revolution in Córdoba, but failed to overcome those of the Banda Oriental, Upper Peru and Paraguay, which later became independent states.
Revolutionaries split into two antagonist groups: the Centralists and the Federalists—a move that would define Argentina's first decades of independence.
The Assembly of the Year XIII appointed Gervasio Antonio de Posadas as Argentina's first Supreme Director.
In 1816 the Congress of Tucumán formalized the Declaration of Independence.
One year later General Martín Miguel de Güemes stopped royalists on the North, and General José de San Martín took an army across the Andes and secured the independence of Chile; then he led the fight to the Spanish stronghold of Lima and proclaimed the independence of Peru.
In 1819 Buenos Aires enacted a centralist constitution that was soon abrogated by federalists.
The 1820 Battle of Cepeda, fought between the Centralists and the Federalists, resulted in the end of the Supreme Director rule.
In 1826 Buenos Aires enacted another centralist constitution, with Bernardino Rivadavia being appointed as the first president of the country.
However, the interior provinces soon rose against him, forced his resignation and discarded the constitution.
Centralists and Federalists resumed the civil war; the latter prevailed and formed the Argentine Confederation in 1831, led by Juan Manuel de Rosas.
During his regime he faced a French blockade (1838–1840), the War of the Confederation (1836–1839), and a combined Anglo-French blockade (1845–1850), but remained undefeated and prevented further loss of national territory.
His trade restriction policies, however, angered the interior provinces and in 1852 Justo José de Urquiza, another powerful caudillo, beat him out of power.
As new president of the Confederation, Urquiza enacted the liberal and federal 1853 Constitution.
Buenos Aires seceded but was forced back into the Confederation after being defeated in the 1859 Battle of Cepeda.