community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: British Museum
Section: Collecting from the wider world (1850–75)

Question: Under whose supervision was the library quintupled in size?

Collecting from the wider world (1850–75).
The opening of the forecourt in 1852 marked the completion of Robert Smirke's 1823 plan, but already adjustments were having to be made to cope with the unforeseen growth of the collections.
Infill galleries were constructed for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room, with space for a million books, opened in 1857.
Because of continued pressure on space the decision was taken to move natural history to a new building in South Kensington, which would later become the British Museum of Natural History.
Roughly contemporary with the construction of the new building was the career of a man sometimes called the "second founder" of the British Museum, the Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi.
Under his supervision, the British Museum Library (now the British Library) quintupled in size and became a well-organised institution worthy of being called a national library, the largest library in the world after the National Library of Paris.
The quadrangle at the centre of Smirke's design proved to be a waste of valuable space and was filled at Panizzi's request by a circular Reading Room of cast iron, designed by Smirke's brother, Sydney Smirke.
Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.
Overseas excavations continued and John Turtle Wood discovered the remains of the 4th century BC Temple of Artemis at Ephesos, another Wonder of the Ancient World.
Article: Disney's Animal Kingdom
Section: Restaurants and shops

Question: How many restaurants offer table service in Disney World's Animal Kingdom?

The park contains three table service restaurants:
Rainforest Cafe, a themed restaurant chain operated by Landry's, located just outside the main entrance (also accessible from inside the park);
Yak & Yeti, an Asian-themed restaurant located in the park's Asia section (operated by Landry's Restaurants) that opened on November 14, 2007; and
Tusker House, located in Africa and one of the park's original quick-service restaurants, was converted into a buffet restaurant and re-opened on November 17, 2007.
Tusker House hosts "Donald's Safari Breakfast" and "Donald's Dining Safari Lunch," a character-dining event where guests enjoy a buffet while meeting Donald Duck and other Disney characters.
There are five quick-service restaurants located throughout the park:
Flame Tree Barbecue, on Discovery Island near DinoLand USA;
Pizzafari, also on Discovery Island, near Camp Minnie-Mickey;
Restaurantosaurus, in DinoLand USA;
Tamu Tamu Refreshments, in Africa; and,
Yak & Yeti Local Foods Café, located next to the larger Yak & Yeti table-service facility.
As with other Walt Disney World theme parks, Disney's Animal Kingdom has other locations and carts that offer snacks and beverages.
Article: Udon
Section: Origin

Question: What origin of Udon takes place in 1241?

There are many stories explaining the origin of udon.
One story says that in AD.1241, Enni, a Rinzai monk, introduced flour milling technology to Japan.
Floured crops were then made into noodles such as udon, soba, and pancakes which were eaten by locals.
Milling techniques were spread around the country.
In the Edo period, the thicker wheat noodle was generally called udon, and served with a hot broth called nurumugi(温麦).
The chilled variety was called hiyamugi(冷麦).
Another story states that in Nara period, a Japanese envoy was introduced to 14 kinds of confection whilst in Tang Dynasty China.
One of them was called sakubei(索餅).
Sakubei was listed as 'muginawa'(牟義縄) on Shin Senji Kyo(新撰字鏡), a dictionary which was published in Heian Era.
The muginawa is believed to be an origin for many kinds of Japanese noodles.
However, the muginawa listed on Shin Senji Kyo(新撰字鏡) was made with wheat and rice flour.
Another historical story for udon claims that the original name of the noodle was 'konton', which was made with wheat flour and sweet fillings.
Yet another story says that a Buddhist priest called Kukai introduced udon noodles to Shikoku during the Heian Era.
In China, similar thick wheat flour noodles are called "cū miàn" (粗麵).
This noodle was 2 to 3 mm in diameter, a flat pancake-shaped "noodle" added to miso-based soup.
The Sino-Japanese characters for udon (饂飩) is similar to, but different from, the modern Chinese characters for wonton, which is called hún dùn in Mandarin (馄炖), a type of dumplings.
In Chinese, udon noodles are called "wūdōngmiàn" (烏冬 "wūdōng" or 烏冬麵), and sometimes "wūlóngmiàn" (烏龍麵), which has the same characters as those used in "Oolong" tea ("wūlóngchá", 烏龍茶), though there is no semantic relation between the two usages.Kūkai, the Buddhist priest, traveled to China around the beginning of the 9th century to study.
Sanuki Province claimed to have been the first to adopt udon noodles from Kūkai.
Hakata claimed to have produced udon noodles based on Enni's recipe.
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Literary works

Question: When was "Hidden Faces" published?

Under the encouragement of poet Federico García Lorca, Dalí attempted an approach to a literary career through the means of the "pure novel".
In his literary production "Hidden Faces" (1944), Dalí describes, in vividly visual terms, the intrigues and love affairs of a group of dazzling, eccentric aristocrats who, with their luxurious and extravagant lifestyle, symbolize the decadence of the 1930s.
The Comte de Grainsalles and Solange de Cléda pursue an awkward love affair, but property transactions, interwar political turmoil, the French Resistance, his marriage to another woman and her responsibilities as a landowner and businesswoman drive them apart.
It is variously set in Paris, rural France, Casablanca in North Africa and Palm Springs in the United States.
Secondary characters include ageing widow Barbara Rogers, her bisexual daughter Veronica, Veronica's sometime female lover Betka, and Baba, a disfigured US fighter pilot.
The novel concludes at the end of the Second World War, with Solange dying before Grainsalles can return to his former property and reunite with her His other, nonfictional literary works include "The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí" (1942), "Diary of a Genius" (1952–63), and "Oui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution " (1927–33).
Article: Bacon
Section: Reception

Question: What company sells pig products to Walmart and was investivaged by the Human Society?

Bacon has received mixed reviews from the public.
On one hand, bacon has received a positive reception by the public.
"Bacon Today" states that bacon has a very valuable amount of protein that is "valuable to maintaining our energy levels and a fully functioning, healthy body, with a minimum of those nasty, waist, thigh and butt expanding, fat building carbohydrates."
"Everything Tastes Better with Bacon", a book by Sara Perry, is a cookbook that compliments bacon's many uses in cooking.
On the other hand, as with most meat products, producers of bacon have received heavy criticism for how their pigs are treated.
Many petitions and protests have occurred trying to raise awareness and change how producers treat their pigs.
Many of these protests have turned out successful: for example, following NBC News's report of an undercover investigation of an abusive pig farm, Tyson Foods terminated their contract with the pig farm.
Similar to NBC's investigation, The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) investigated Seaboard Foods, one of the pig breeding facilities that supply Walmart.
According to HSUS, the pigs were treated poorly and abused.
Walmart spokesperson Diana Gee said, ""As soon as we were made aware of the allegations, we immediately reached out to Seaboard to begin investigating the issue ...
Pending our review, we will take any action necessary.""
Petitions also exist that oppose poor treatment of pigs, many of which state that the current treatment of pigs in factories is cruel and unethical.
Article: Michelangelo
Section: Florence, 1499-1505

Question: When did Michelangelo return to Florence?

Michelangelo returned to Florence in 1499.
The republic was changing after the fall of anti-Renaissance Priest and leader of Florence, Girolamo Savonarola, (executed in 1498) and the rise of the "gonfaloniere" Piero Soderini.
He was asked by the consuls of the Guild of Wool to complete an unfinished project begun 40 years earlier by Agostino di Duccio: a colossal statue of Carrara marble portraying David as a symbol of Florentine freedom, to be placed on the gable of Florence Cathedral.
Michelangelo responded by completing his most famous work, the Statue of David, in 1504.
The masterwork definitively established his prominence as a sculptor of extraordinary technical skill and strength of symbolic imagination.
A team of consultants, including Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci, was called together to decide upon its placement, ultimately the Piazza della Signoria, in front of the Palazzo Vecchio.
It now stands in the Academia while a replica occupies its place in the square.
With the completion of the David came another commission.
In early 1504 Leonardo da Vinci had been commissioned in the council chamber of the Palazzo Vecchio depicting the "Battle of Angiari" between the forces of Florence and Milan in 1434.
Michelangelo was then commissioned to paint the "Battle of Cascina".
The two paintings are very different, Leonardo's depicting soldiers fighting on horseback, and Michelangelo's showing soldiers being ambushed as they bathe in the river.
Neither work was completed and both were lost when the chamber was refurbished.
Both works were much admired and copies remain of them, Leonardo's work having been copied by Rubens and Michelangelo's by Bastiano da Sangallo.
Also during this period, Michelangelo was commissioned by Angelo Doni to paint a "Holy Family" as a present for his wife, Maddalena Strozzi.
It is known as the "Doni Tondo" and hangs in the Uffizi Gallery in its original magnificent frame which Michelangelo may have designed.
He also may have painted the Madonna and Child with John the Baptist, known as the "Manchester Madonna" and now in the National Gallery, London, United Kingdom.
Article: DNA
Section: Information storage

Question: When was the prior expirement published?

In a paper published in Nature in January, 2013, scientists from the European Bioinformatics Institute and Agilent Technologies proposed a mechanism to use DNA's ability to code information as a means of digital data storage.
The group was able to encode 739 kilobytes of data into DNA code, synthesize the actual DNA, then sequence the DNA and decode the information back to its original form, with a reported 100% accuracy.
The encoded information consisted of text files and audio files.
A prior experiment was published in August 2012.
It was conducted by researchers at Harvard University, where the text of a 54,000-word book was encoded in DNA.
Article: Donatello
Section: Major commissions in Florence

Question: Who commissioned Donatello to create the bronze statue David for the court of the Palazzo Medici?

Around 1430, Cosimo de' Medici, the foremost art patron of his era, commissioned from Donatello the bronze David (now in the Bargello) for the court of his Palazzo Medici.
This is now Donatello's most famous work.
At the time of its creation, it was the first known free-standing nude statue produced since ancient times.
Conceived fully in the round, independent of any architectural surroundings, and largely representing an allegory of the civic virtues triumphing over brutality and irrationality, it was the first major work of Renaissance sculpture.
Also from this period is the disquietingly small "Love-Atys", housed in the Bargello.
Some have perceived the David as having homo-erotic qualities, and have argued that this reflected the artist's own orientation.
Details of Donatello's relationships remain speculative.
The historian Paul Strathern makes the claim that Donatello made no secret of his homosexuality, and that his behaviour was tolerated by his friends.
This may not be surprising in the context of attitudes prevailing in the 15th- and 16th-century Florentine republic.
However, little detail is known with certainty about his private life, and no mention of his sexuality has been found in the Florentine archives (in terms of denunciations) albeit which during this period are incomplete.
The main evidence comes from anecdotes by Angelo Poliziano in his ""Detti piacevoli"".
When Cosimo was exiled from Florence, Donatello went to Rome, remaining until 1433.
The two works that testify to his presence in this city, the "Tomb of Giovanni Crivelli" at Santa Maria "in Aracoeli", and the "Ciborium" at St. Peter's Basilica, bear a strong stamp of classical influence.
Donatello's return to Florence almost coincided with Cosimo's.
In May 1434, he signed a contract for the marble pulpit on the facade of Prato cathedral, the last project executed in collaboration with Michelozzo.
This work, a passionate, pagan, rhythmically-conceived bacchanalian dance of half-nude putti, was the forerunner of the great "Cantoria", or singing tribune, at the Duomo in Florence on which Donatello worked intermittently from 1433 to 1440 and was inspired by ancient sarcophagi and Byzantine ivory chests.
In 1435, he executed the "Annunciation" for the Cavalcanti altar in Santa Croce, inspired by 14th-century iconography, and in 1437–1443, he worked in the Old Sacristy of the San Lorenzo in Florence, on two doors and lunettes portraying saints, as well as eight stucco tondoes.
From 1438 is the wooden statue of St. John the Evangelist for Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari in Venice.
Around 1440, he executed a bust of a "Young Man with a Cameo" now in the Bargello, the first example of a lay bust portrait since the classical era.
Article: Battle of Red Cliffs
Section: Analysis

Question: According to Zhou Yu, why were Cao Cao's generals unfit for warfare at the Battle of Red Cliffs?

A combination of Cao Cao's strategic errors and the effectiveness of Huang Gai's ruse had resulted in the allied victory at the Battle of Red Cliffs.
Zhou Yu had previously observed that Cao Cao's generals and soldiers comprised mostly cavalry and infantry, and few had any experience in naval warfare.
Cao Cao also had little support among the people of Jing Province, and thus lacked a secure forward base of operations .
Despite the strategic acumen Cao Cao had displayed in earlier campaigns and battles, in this case he had simply assumed that numerical superiority would eventually defeat the Sun and Liu navy.
Cao's first tactical mistake was converting his massive army of infantry and cavalry into a marine corps and navy: with only a few days of drills before the battle, Cao Cao's troops were ravaged by sea-sickness and lack of experience on water.
Tropical diseases, to which the southerners had long been immune, also plagued the soldiers of the north with the debilitating effects of sickness rampant in Cao Cao's camps.
Although numerous, Cao Cao's men were already exhausted by the unfamiliar environment and the extended southern campaign, as Zhuge Liang observed: "Even a powerful arrow at the end of its flight cannot penetrate a silk cloth" (Military Documents 1979:193).
The uncharacteristically poor preparation and miscalculations displayed by Cao Cao during this campaign may have been partly due to the recent death of his strategist and advisor Guo Jia.
Cao Cao himself had commented: "Had Guo Jia been with us, I would never have got into such trouble" .
Another key advisor, Jia Xu, had recommended after the surrender of Liu Cong that the overtaxed armies be given time to rest and replenish before engaging the armies of Sun Quan and Liu Bei, but Cao Cao disregarded the advice .
Cao Cao's own thoughts regarding his failure at Red Cliffs suggest that he held his own actions and misfortunes responsible for the defeat, rather than the strategies utilised by his enemy during the battle: "... it was only because of the sickness that I burnt my ships and retreated.
It is out of all reason for Zhou Yu to take the credit for himself."
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Article: Jiro Dreams of Sushi
Section: Production

Question: Does Jiro's son's age have anything to do with his employment?

Initially, Gelb had planned to do what he had nicknamed "Planet Sushi", inspired by the cinematography of the BBC documentary "Planet Earth":"Originally, I was going to make a film with a lot of different sushi chefs who all had different styles, but when I got to Jiro's restaurant, I was not only amazed by how good the sushi was and how much greater it was than any other sushi restaurant I had ever been to, but I also found Jiro to be such a compelling character and such an interesting person.
I was also fascinated by the story of his son, who is fifty-years-old, but still works for his father at the restaurant.
So, I thought, 'Here's a story about a person living in his father's shadow while his father is in a relentless pursuit of perfection.'
It was the makings of a good feature film.
"Principal photography took Gelb one month (January 2010), augmented by additional scenes shot later that year in August; editing took 10 months.
Article: We Found Love
Section: North America

Question: We found love debuted as what number on the US Hot Digital Songs chart?

In the United States, the song debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart on September 28, 2011, at number 16.
"We Found Love" became the singer's second highest debut on the chart out of her 31 Hot 100 chart entries, with the highest being Rihanna's collaboration with Eminem, "Love the Way You Lie", which debuted at number two in July 2010.
The following week, "We Found Love" rose to number nine, giving Rihanna the record for a solo artist to have amassed twenty top-ten singles in the history of the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in the shortest amount of time.
Rihanna achieved the feat in a time span of six years and four months, surpassing the record previously held by Madonna who managed the achievement in a time span of six years and nine months.
In its sixth week on the chart, the song reached number one, giving Rihanna her eleventh number-one single thus making her only the seventh artist in the 53-year history of the chart to amass at least eleven number-one singles, behind The Beatles (20), Mariah Carey (18), Michael Jackson (13), Madonna (12), The Supremes (12) and tying with Whitney Houston.
Additionally, Rihanna moved into third place, tied with Houston, for the female artist with the most number-one singles on the chart, behind Carey and Madonna.
"We Found Love" spent 10 consecutive weeks and two additional weeks (after 3 weeks at number two) at the top of the "Billboard" Hot 100, surpassing "Umbrella" as Rihanna's longest number-one single in the country, and was the longest-running number one of 2011.
It was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping more than 4 million digital copies.
As of May 2013, the song has sold 5 million digital copies in the US.
On August 1, 2013, "Billboard" announced that "We Found Love" is the 24th biggest Hot 100 hit of all time in the chart's 55 year history.
"We Found Love" debuted at number seven on the US Hot Digital Songs chart, with digital download sales of 117,000 after only four days according to Nielsen SoundScan.
In its fifth week, the song rose to number one, with sales of 231,000 copies, giving Rihanna her eleventh number-one song on the chart, further extending her record as the artist with the most number ones.
The song spent a second week at number one on the chart, with sales of 243,000 copies, bringing total sales to 1,057,000 copies sold, marking Rihanna's twentieth download to reach the million-selling milestone, extending her record for the most such downloads among women.
On October 12, 2011, the song debuted at number 39 on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart and number 21 on the Pop Songs chart.
It eventually reached number one on both charts.
It is, as of 2013, the most recent song to spend at least two consecutive weeks atop the US Hot Dance Club chart.
"We Found Love" also peaked at numbers three and two on the US Latin Songs and Latin Pop Songs charts, becoming Rihanna's highest-charting single on both charts.
Furthermore, the song reached the top spot on the Canadian Hot 100 chart.
Article: Subatomic particle
Section: By composition

Question: What do composite particles include?

The elementary particles of the Standard Model include:
Six "flavors" of quarks: up, down, bottom, top, strange, and charm;
Six types of leptons: electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino;
Twelve gauge bosons (force carriers): the photon of electromagnetism, the three W and Z bosons of the weak force, and the eight gluons of the strong force;
The Higgs boson.
Various extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of an elementary graviton particle and many other elementary particles.
Composite subatomic particles (such as protons or atomic nuclei) are bound states of two or more elementary particles.
For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, while the atomic nucleus of helium-4 is composed of two protons and two neutrons.
Composite particles include all hadrons: these include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons (such as pions and kaons).
Article: Wakeboarding
Section: Boats

Question: Why is it easier to jump with a wakeboarding boat?

The most common difference between a regular runabout and a wakeboarding boat is the wakeboard tower, normally constructed of thick-walled stainless steel or aluminum tubing, which places the "pull point" about off the water's surface.
The high tow point makes it easier to jump and get air as the rope is not pulling downward as when it is attached to the low tow point used for skiing.
Most modern wakeboarding boats also have a variable ballast system, which allows for water to be pumped into and out of ballast tanks from the surrounding water.
Adding ballast increases displacement, and consequently enlarges the wake produced.
A significant portion of wakeboarding boats utilizes V-drive propulsion.
These boats have a regular inboard engine, but are turned 180° such that the transmission is in front of the engine, rather than behind, or "inline", which is a more common layout for inboard tournament ski boats.
The prop shaft exits the transmission towards the rear of the boat, so that the prop is placed directly under the engine.
When viewed from the side, such a layout appears as a "V" lying on its side.
This layout allows for better weight distribution(with the engine farther aft), and places the prop farther forward, reducing the danger of the spinning prop near the stern of the vessel, where riders enter and exit the water.
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Universal Studios Florida

Question: How many themed areas are a part of the park?

Theme parks and attractions.
Universal Studios Florida.
This combined film production studio and theme park features is composed of themed areas and attractions based on the film industry.
Visitors enjoy themed dining and shopping, a variety of special events throughout the year, and may even catch an actual film crew at work on the backlot.
The original theme park in the resort, Universal Studios Florida opened on June 7, 1990, as a theme park that lets visitors "Ride the Movies."
The themes of Universal Studio's are targeted at making guests feel like they are in a movie set with rides, shows, and attractions inspired by popular film, television, and music productions.
The park consists of six themed areas – Hollywood, Production Central, New York, San Francisco, World Expo and Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone.