community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Romania
Section: Middle Ages

Question: What year did Transylvania become a territory of the Habsburg' Austrian empire?

"Gesta Hungarorum" mentioned the existence of three voivodeships in Transylvania in the 9th century: the Voivodeship of Gelou, the Voivodeship of Glad and the Voivodeship of Menumorut.
The anonymous author describes the first as Vlach.
Another voivodeship, ruled by Gyula, was mentioned in the 11th century.
A Russian chronicle writes of a plundering raid in 1059 against Transylvania by Cumans and Vlachs.
An Old Bulgarian inscription from 1176 attests the existence of a župan Dimitri who ruled over Dobruja in 943.
In the Middle Ages, Romanians lived in three distinct principalities: Wallachia ( – "The Romanian Land"), Moldavia () and Transylvania ().
By the 11th century, Transylvania had become a largely autonomous part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
It was independent as the Principality of Transylvania from the 16th century until 1711.
In Wallachia and Moldavia, many small local states with varying degrees of independence developed.
Only in the 14th century did the larger principalities of Wallachia (1310) and Moldavia (around 1352) emerge to fight the threat of the Ottoman Empire.
Both territories inhabited by Romanians achieved their independence from the Hungarian Crown after military conflicts (Battle of Posada, 1330) or social conflicts (Moldavian boyars' revolt against Hungary, 1364) — these historic events being initiated by Basarab I of Wallachia (1310–1352) and Bogdan I of Moldavia (1359–1365).
By 1541, the entire Balkan peninsula and most of Hungary had become Ottoman provinces.
Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania were under Ottoman suzerainty, preserving partial or full internal autonomy until the mid-19th century (Transylvania until 1699).
During this period, in the Romanian lands the feudal system slowly disappeared.
A few rulers of territories in what is now Romania distinguished themselves: these rulers include Stephen the Great, Vasile Lupu, and Dimitrie Cantemir in Moldavia; Matei Basarab, Vlad the Impaler, and Constantin Brâncoveanu in Wallachia; and John Hunyadi ("Ioannes Corvinus") and Gabriel Bethlen in Transylvania.
In 1600, the principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania were simultaneously headed by the Wallachian prince Michael the Brave ("Mihai Viteazul"), but the chance for a lasting unification was lost after Mihai was assassinated only one year later.
After his death, as vassal tributary states, Moldavia and Wallachia had complete internal autonomy and external independence, which they finally lost in the 18th century.
In 1699, Transylvania became a territory of the Habsburgs' Austrian empire following the Austrian victory over the Turks in the Great Turkish War.
The Habsburgs in turn expanded their empire in 1718 to include an important part of Wallachia called Oltenia (which was returned only in 1739), and in 1775 to include the northwestern part of Moldavia, later called Bukovina.
The eastern half of the Moldavian principality (called Bessarabia) was occupied in 1812 by Russia.
Article: Rice
Section: Nutrients and the nutritional importance of rice

Question: Where does purple rice derive its color?

Nutrition and health.
Nutrients and the nutritional importance of rice.
Rice is the staple food of over half the world's population.
It is the predominant dietary energy source for 17 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 9 countries in North and South America and 8 countries in Africa.
Rice provides 20% of the world’s dietary energy supply, while wheat supplies 19% and maize (corn) 5%.
A detailed analysis of nutrient content of rice suggests that the nutrition value of rice varies based on a number of factors.
It depends on the strain of rice, that is between white, brown, black, red and purple varieties of rice – each prevalent in different parts of the world.
It also depends on nutrient quality of the soil rice is grown in, whether and how the rice is polished or processed, the manner it is enriched, and how it is prepared before consumption.
An illustrative comparison between white and brown rice of protein quality, mineral and vitamin quality, carbohydrate and fat quality suggests that neither is a complete nutrition source.
Between the two, there is a significant difference in fiber content and minor differences in other nutrients.
Brilliantly colored rice strains, such as purple rice, derive their color from anthocyanins and tocols.
Scientific studies suggest that these color pigments have antioxidant properties that may be useful to human health.
In purple rice bran, hydrophilic antioxidants are in greater quantity and have higher free radical scavenging activity than lipophilic antioxidants.
Anthocyanins and γ-tocols in purple rice are largely located in the inner portion of purple rice bran.
Comparative nutrition studies on red, black and white varieties of rice suggest that pigments in red and black rice varieties may offer nutritional benefits.
Red or black rice consumption was found to reduce or retard the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development, induced by dietary cholesterol, in mammals.
White rice consumption offered no similar benefits, and the study claims this to be due to absent antioxidants in red and black varieties of rice.
Article: India
Section: Performing arts

Question: Which dance form of Uttar Pradesh has been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama?

Indian music ranges over various traditions and regional styles.
Classical music encompasses two genres and their various folk offshoots: the northern Hindustani and southern Carnatic schools.
Regionalised popular forms include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the "bauls" is a well-known form of the latter.
Indian dance also features diverse folk and classical forms.
Among the better-known folk dances are the "bhangra" of the Punjab, the "bihu" of Assam, the "chhau" of West Bengal and Jharkhand,"Garba" and "Dandiya" of Gujarat, "sambalpuri" of Odisha, "ghoomar" of Rajasthan, and the "lavani" of Maharashtra.
Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama.
These are: "bharatanatyam" of the state of Tamil Nadu, "kathak" of Uttar Pradesh, "kathakali" and "mohiniyattam" of Kerala," kuchipudi" of Andhra Pradesh, "manipuri" of Manipur, "odissi" of Odisha, and the "sattriya" of Assam.
Theatre in India melds music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.
Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances or social and political events, Indian theatre includes the "bhavai" of Gujarat, the "jatra" of West Bengal, the "nautanki" and "ramlila" of North India, "tamasha" of Maharashtra, "burrakatha" of Andhra Pradesh, "terukkuttu" of Tamil Nadu, and the "yakshagana" of Karnataka.
Article: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Section: Hibakusha

Question: How many hibakusha were regocnized?

The survivors of the bombings are called , a Japanese word that literally translates to "explosion-affected people."
, 201,779 "hibakusha" were recognized by the Japanese government, most living in Japan.
The government of Japan recognizes about 1% of these as having illnesses caused by radiation.
The memorials in Hiroshima and Nagasaki contain lists of the names of the "hibakusha" who are known to have died since the bombings.
Updated annually on the anniversaries of the bombings, the memorials record the names of almost 450,000 deceased "hibakusha"; 286,818 in Hiroshima and 162,083 in Nagasaki.
"Hibakusha" and their children were (and still are) victims of severe discrimination in Japan due to public ignorance about the consequences of radiation sickness, with much of the public believing it to be hereditary or even contagious.
This is despite the fact that no statistically demonstrable increase of birth defects or congenital malformations was found among the later conceived children born to survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
A study of the long-term psychological effects of the bombings on the survivors found that even 17–20 years after the bombings had occurred survivors showed a higher prevalence of anxiety and somatization symptoms.
Article: Albert Einstein
Section: Modern quantum theory

Question: What was Einstein's age when he died?

Einstein was displeased with quantum theory and mechanics (the very theory he helped create), despite its acceptance by other physicists, stating that God "is not playing at dice."
Einstein continued to maintain his disbelief in the theory, and attempted unsuccessfully to disprove it until he died at the age of 76.
In 1917, at the height of his work on relativity, Einstein published an article in "Physikalische Zeitschrift" that proposed the possibility of stimulated emission, the physical process that makes possible the maser and the laser.
This article showed that the statistics of absorption and emission of light would only be consistent with Planck's distribution law if the emission of light into a mode with n photons would be enhanced statistically compared to the emission of light into an empty mode.
This paper was enormously influential in the later development of quantum mechanics, because it was the first paper to show that the statistics of atomic transitions had simple laws.
Einstein discovered Louis de Broglie's work, and supported his ideas, which were received skeptically at first.
In another major paper from this era, Einstein gave a wave equation for de Broglie waves, which Einstein suggested was the Hamilton–Jacobi equation of mechanics.
This paper would inspire Schrödinger's work of 1926.
Article: Toy Story 3
Section: Possible sequel

Question: Which actors have signed up for Toy Story 4?

According to an article on NOLA.com, "Toy Story 3" director Lee Unkrich has confirmed that a "Toy Story 4" sequel is not being planned.
"Well, we don't have any plans for "Toy Story 4"," Unkrich said.
"I'm flattered that people ask about it—it reminds me how much people love the characters, but it was really important to me with this film that we not just create another sequel, that it not just be another appendage coming off of the other two."
Unkrich went on to say, "there may be opportunities for Woody and Buzz in the future, but we don't have any plans for anything right now."
It has also been reported that Hanks and Allen have signed on for a "Toy Story 4" if Pixar ever decides to produce one.
In a BBC interview in 2011, Hanks said that he thought Pixar was working on a sequel.
Disney denied the rumors saying, "nothing is official."
Article: Sausage
Section: Chile

Question: Which two cities are considered to have the best longanizas?

"Longaniza" is the most common type of sausage, or at least the most common name in Chile for sausages that also could be classified as chorizo.
The Chilean variety is made of four parts pork to one part bacon (or less) and seasoned with finely ground garlic, salt, pepper, cumin, oregano, paprika and chilli sauce.
The cities of Chillán and San Carlos are known among Chileans for having the best "longanizas".
Another traditional sausage is the "prieta", the Chilean version of blood sausage, generally known elsewhere in Latin America as "morcilla".
In Chile, it contains onions, spices and sometimes walnut or rice and is usually eaten at "asados" or accompanied by simple boiled potatoes.
It sometimes has a very thick skin so is cut open lengthwise before eating.
"Vienesa"s or Vienna sausages are also very common and are mainly used in the "completo", the Chilean version of the hot dog.
Article: Cricket
Section: Overs

Question: How do the umpires change positions?

The bowler bowls the ball in sets of six deliveries (or "balls") and each set of six balls is called an over.
This name came about because the umpire calls "Over!"
when six balls have been bowled.
At this point, another bowler is deployed at the other end, and the fielding side changes ends while the batsmen do not.
A bowler cannot bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can bowl unchanged at the same end for several overs.
The batsmen do not change ends and so the one who was non-striker is now the striker and vice-versa.
The umpires also change positions so that the one who was at square leg now stands behind the wicket at the non-striker's end and "vice-versa".
Article: Toy Story
Section: Sequels, shows, and spin-offs

Question: How many Toy Story movies are there?

"Toy Story" has spawned two sequels: "Toy Story 2" (1999) and "Toy Story 3" (2010).
Initially, the first sequel to "Toy Story" was going to be a direct-to-video release, with development beginning in 1996.
However, after the cast from "Toy Story" returned and the story was considered to be better than that of a direct-to-video release, it was announced in 1998 that the sequel would see a theatrical release.
The sequel saw the return of the majority of the voice cast from "Toy Story", and the film focuses on rescuing Woody after he is stolen at a yard sale.
The film was equally well received by critics, earning a rare 100% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 125 reviews.
At Metacritic, the film earned a favorable rating of 88/100 based on 34 reviews.
The film's widest release was 3,257 theaters and it grossed $485,015,179 worldwide, becoming the second-most successful animated film after "The Lion King" at the time of its release.
"Toy Story 3" centers on the toys being accidentally donated to a day-care center when their owner Andy is preparing to go to college.
Again, the majority of the cast from the prior two films returned.
It was the first film in the franchise to be released in 3-D for its first run, though the first two films, which were originally released in 2-D, were re-released in 3-D in 2009 as a double feature.
Like its predecessors, "Toy Story 3" received enormous critical acclaim, earning a 99% approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes.
It also grossed more than $1 billion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing animated film to date.
In November 1996, the Disney on Ice: Toy Story ice show opened which featured the cast's voices as well as Randy Newman's music.
In April 2008, the "Disney Wonder" cruise ship launched "" shows on its cruises.
"Toy Story" also led to a spin-off direct-to-video animated film, "", as well as the animated television series "Buzz Lightyear of Star Command".
The film and series followed Buzz Lightyear and his friends at Star Command as they uphold justice across the galaxy.
Although the film was criticized for not using the same animation as in "Toy Story" and "Toy Story 2", it sold three million VHS and DVDs in its first week of release.
The series ran for 65 episodes.
Following the release of "Toy Story 3", a series of "Toy Story" short films have been shown in theaters in front of other Disney features: "Hawaiian Vacation" (shown before "Cars 2"), centering around Barbie and Ken on vacation in Bonnie's room, "Small Fry" (shown before "The Muppets"), centering on Buzz being left in a fast-food restaurant, and "Partysaurus Rex" (shown before "Finding Nemo 3D"), centering on Rex partying with Bonnie's bath toys.
In January 2013, a fan-made live-action version of the film was posted on YouTube.
In October 2013, ABC aired "Toy Story of TERROR!
", promoting it as Pixar's first television special.
Article: Toy Story
Section: Soundtrack

Question: Who produced the Toy Story soundtrack?

The soundtrack for "Toy Story" was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film's release.
Scored and written by Randy Newman, the soundtrack has received praise for its "sprightly, stirring score".
Despite the album's critical success, the soundtrack only peaked at number 94 on the "Billboard" 200 album chart.
A cassette and CD single release of "You've Got a Friend in Me" was released on April 12, 1996, in order to promote the soundtrack's release.
The soundtrack was remastered in 2006 and although it is no longer available physically, the album is available for purchase digitally in retailers such as iTunes.
Tracklisting
Charts
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Music video

Question: The  musical video "Every Breath You Take" was directed by whom?

The song had a music video (directed by duo Godley & Creme) that was praised for its black-and-white cinematography.
Both MTV (1999) and VH1 (2002) named it as one of the best music videos ever, placing it 16th and 33rd in their respective top 100 lists.
Daniel Pearl won the first MTV cinematography award for his work on the video.
Article: Nebula
Section: Notable named nebulae

Question: Which of the following is a notable named nebula: a) the Ant Nebula; b) the Cricket Nebula; or c) the Goldfish Nebula

Ant Nebula
Barnard's Loop
Boomerang Nebula
Cat's Eye Nebula
Crab Nebula
Eagle Nebula
Eskimo Nebula
Eta Carinae Nebula
Fox Fur Nebula
Helix Nebula
Hourglass Nebula
Horsehead Nebula
Lagoon Nebula
Orion Nebula
Pelican Nebula
Red Square Nebula
Ring Nebula
Rosette Nebula
Tarantula Nebula
Nebula catalogs
Gum catalog
RCW Catalogue
Sharpless catalog
Article: Blackfish (film)
Section: SeaWorld response

Question: Who did the Oceanic Preservation Society and The Orca Project write letters to?

SeaWorld Entertainment refused to take part in the production of "Blackfish", and later claimed the film was inaccurate, saying in a statement:SeaWorld responded further with an open letter rebutting the claims.
The Oceanic Preservation Society and The Orca Project, a non-profit focusing on orca in captivity, responded with open letters criticizing SeaWorld's claims.
Marine researcher Debbie Giles also offered rebuttals to SeaWorld, finding its assertions inaccurate.
SeaWorld also created a section of its website titled "Truth About Blackfish," addressing the claims stated above and highlighting other problems with the film:
The implication that SeaWorld separates mothers and very young calves, pointing out that Tillikum was not collected by SeaWorld; that Takara was 12 years old when moved and Kalina was moved when she was over 4 years old.
The inclusion of a SeaWorld video of a female trainer riding a killer whale, while one of the cast members, Samantha Berg, talks about her experience at Shamu Stadium, pointing out that the segment implies that Berg had relevant experience when the video used in the film was actually shot 10 years "after" Berg had left SeaWorld (The trainer depicted in the video is not Berg but rather a current SeaWorld employee at the time of "Blackfish"'s production).
The film's use of animal rights activists who have aggressively campaigned against marine mammal display and have no expertise with killer whale behavior in captivity, specifically Howard Garrett, Lori Marino and Ken Balcomb; the film's reliance on statements by David Duffus, a professor of geography whom Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Judge Kenneth Welsch found "has no expertise in the training of captive killer whales."
The film's use of false and misleading statements about the circumstances of Brancheau’s death, specifically the opening sequence's separate generic training and performance footage edited together and synched with actual 911 calls, "to mislead the audience into believing it is viewing the actual footage of Ms. Brancheau swimming with Tilikum prior to the fatal incident," when the opening sequence does not depict either Brancheau or Tilikum, or even an attack, and that no one was ever allowed to swim in the water with Tilikum, including Brancheau; and the use of an edited recording of an EMT technician, subsequently proved to be mistaken, suggesting that Tilikum swallowed Brancheau’s arm during the attack.
On February 27, 2014, SeaWorld filed a complaint with the U.S. Department of Labor, claiming the Occupational Safety and Health Administration investigator who investigated Brancheau's death had behaved unethically by aiding the filmmakers.
Cowperthwaite denied claims of improper collaboration.
In March 2014, Cowperthwaite responded with rebuttals to several but not all of SeaWorld's website claims and challenged SeaWorld to a public debate.
Article: Battle of Austerlitz
Section: Allied plans and dispositions

Question: When did the Allied council meet?

An Allied council met on 1 December to discuss proposals for the battle.
Most of the Allied strategists had two fundamental ideas in mind: making contact with the enemy and securing the southern flank that held the communication line to Vienna.
Although the Tsar and his immediate entourage pushed hard for a battle, Emperor Francis of Austria was more cautious and, as mentioned, he was seconded by Kutuzov, the Commander-in-chief of the Russians and the Allied troop.
The pressure to fight from the Russian nobles and the Austrian commanders, however, was too strong, and the Allies adopted the plan of the Austrian Chief of Staff, Franz von Weyrother.
This called for a main drive against the French right flank, which the Allies noticed was lightly guarded, and diversionary attacks against the French left.
The Allies deployed most of their troops into four columns that would attack the French right.
The Russian Imperial Guard was held in reserve while Russian troops under Bagration guarded the Allied right.
The Russian Tsar rudely stripped the authority of Commander-in-chief M. I. Kutuzov and gave it to Franz von Weyrother.
In the battle, Kutuzov could only command the IV Corps of the Allied army, although he was still the "de jure" commander because the Tsar was afraid to take over in case his favored plan failed.
Article: Basketball
Section: Rebounding

Question: What is the objective of rebounding?

The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard.
This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot.
There are two categories of rebounds: offensive rebounds, in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side and does not change possession, and defensive rebounds, in which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball.
The majority of rebounds are defensive, as the team on defense tends to be in better position to recover missed shots.
Article: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Section: Architecture

Question: Who has been the  architect for the master plan and expansion of the museum for the past 42 years?

After negotiations with the City of New York in 1871, the Met was granted the land between the East Park Drive, Fifth Avenue, and the 79th and 85th Street Transverse Roads in Central Park.
A red-brick and stone "mausoleum" was designed by American architect Calvert Vaux and his collaborator Jacob Wrey Mould.
Vaux's ambitious building was not well received; the building's High Victorian Gothic style being already dated prior to completion, and the president of the Met termed the project "a mistake."
Within 20 years, a new architectural plan engulfing the Vaux building was already being executed.
Since that time, many additions have been made including the distinctive Beaux-Arts Fifth Avenue facade, Great Hall, and Grand Stairway.
These were designed by architect and Met trustee Richard Morris Hunt, but completed by his son, Richard Howland Hunt in 1902 after his father's death.
The wings that completed the Fifth Avenue facade in the 1910s were designed by the firm of McKim, Mead & White.
The modernistic glass sides and rear of the museum are the work of Roche-Dinkeloo.
Kevin Roche has been the architect for the master plan and expansion of the museum for the past 42 years.
He is responsible for designing all of its new wings and renovations including but not limited to the American Wing, Greek and Roman Court, and recently opened Islamic Wing.
As of 2010, the Met measures almost long and with more than of floor space, more than 20 times the size of the original 1880 building.
The museum building is an accretion of over 20 structures, most of which are not visible from the exterior.
The City of New York owns the museum building and contributes utilities, heat, and some of the cost of guardianship.