community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Saudi Arabia
Section: Dress

Question: How do women wear abayas?

Saudi Arabian dress strictly follows the principles of hijab (the Islamic principle of modesty, especially in dress).
The predominantly loose and flowing, but covering, garments are suited to Saudi Arabia's desert climate.
Traditionally, men usually wear an ankle length garment woven from wool or cotton (known as a thawb), with a keffiyeh (a large checkered square of cotton held in place by an agal) or a ghutra (a plain white square made of finer cotton, also held in place by an agal) worn on the head.
For rare chilly days, Saudi men wear a camel-hair cloak (bisht) over the top.
Women's clothes are decorated with tribal motifs, coins, sequins, metallic thread, and appliques.
Women are required to wear an abaya or modest clothing when in public.
 Ghutrah () is a traditional headdress typically worn by Arab men.
It is made of a square of cloth ("scarf"), usually cotton, folded and wrapped in various styles around the head.
It is commonly worn in areas with an arid climate, to provide protection from direct sun exposure, and also protection of the mouth and eyes from blown dust and sand.
 Agal () is an item of Arab headgear constructed of cord which is fastened around the Ghutrah to hold it in place.
The "agal" is usually black in colour.
 Thawb () is the standard Arabic word for garment.
It is ankle length, usually with long sleeves similar to a robe.
 Bisht () is a traditional Arabic men's cloak usually only worn for prestige on special occasions such as weddings.
 Abaya () is a women's garment.
It is a black cloak which loosely covers the entire body except the head.
Some women choose to cover their faces with a niqāb and some do not.
Some Abayas cover the top of the head as well.
Article: Water polo
Section: Defense

Question: What are the modes of defense used in water polo?

Defensive positions are often the same positionally, but just switched from offense to defense.
For example, the centre forward or hole set, who directs the attack on offense, on defense is known as "hole D" (also known as set guard, hole guard, hole check, pit defense or two-meter defense), and guards the opposing team's center forward (also called the hole).
Defense can be played man-to-man or in zones, such as a 2–4 (four defenders along the goal line).
It can also be played as a combination of the two in what is known as an "M drop" defense, in which the point defender moves away ("sloughs off") his man into a zone in order to better defend the center position.
In this defense, the two wing defenders split the area furthest from the goal, allowing them a clearer lane for the counter-attack if their team recovers the ball.
Article: Life Is Beautiful
Section: Reception

Question: What date was Life is Beautiful released?

"Life is Beautiful" became commercially successful.
After Miramax Films released the film on 23 October 1998 in the United States, the film went on to gross $57,563,264 in North America, and $171,600,000 internationally, with a worldwide gross of $229,163,264.
It is the highest grossing movie to be made in Italy, and the second highest grossing foreign film in the United States.
The film also received mostly positive reviews, with the film aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes giving the film a "Fresh" 80% rating.
Despite its acclaim, actor-director Roberto Benigni received criticism for its comedic elements incorporated into the backdrop of the Holocaust.
Roger Ebert gave the film 3 1/2 stars, stating, "At Cannes, it offended some left-wing critics with its use of humor in connection with the Holocaust.
What may be most offensive to both wings is its sidestepping of politics in favor of simple human ingenuity.
The film finds the right notes to negotiate its delicate subject matter."
Article: China
Section: Cuisine

Question: Pork is the most popular meat in China but about what percentage of China's total meat consumption comes from pork?

Chinese cuisine is highly diverse, drawing on several millennia of culinary history.
The dynastic emperors of ancient China were known to have many dining chambers in their palaces, with each chamber divided into several departments, each responsible for a specific type of dish.
China's staple food is rice.
Pork is the most popular meat in China, accounting for about three-fourths of the country's total meat consumption.
Spices are central to Chinese cuisine.
Numerous foreign offshoots of Chinese food, such as Hong Kong cuisine and American Chinese food, have emerged in the various nations that play host to the Chinese diaspora.
Article: Dissolution of the Monasteries
Section: Health and education

Question: What are levels of giving in England

The Act of 1539 also provided for the suppression of religious hospitals; which had constituted in England a distinct class of institution, endowed for the purpose of caring for older people.
A very few of these, such as Saint Bartholomew's Hospital in London, were excepted by special royal dispensation, but most closed, their residents being discharged with small pensions.
Monasteries had also supplied free food and alms for the poor and destitute, and it has been argued that the removal of this and other charitable resources, amounting to about 5% of net monastic income, was one of the factors in the creation of the army of "sturdy beggars" that plagued late Tudor England, causing the social instability that led to the Edwardian and Elizabethan Poor Laws.
Monasteries had necessarily undertaken schooling for their novice members, which in the later medieval period had tended to extend to cover choristers and sometimes other younger scholars; and all this educational resource was lost with their dissolution.
By contrast, where monasteries had provided grammar schools for older scholars, these were commonly refounded with enhanced endowments; some by royal command in connection to the newly re-established cathedral churches, others by private initiative.
Monastic orders had maintained, for the education of their members, six colleges at the universities of Oxford or Cambridge; of which five survived as refoundations.
Hospitals too were frequently to be re-endowed by private benefactors; and many new almshouses and charities were to be founded by the Elizabethan gentry and professional classes.
Nevertheless, it has been estimated that only in 1580 did overall levels of charitable giving in England return to those before the dissolution.
On the eve of the overthrow, the various monasteries owned approximately 2,000,000 acres (just under 8 100 km²), over 16 percent of England, with tens of thousands of tenant farmers working those lands; some of whom had family ties to a particular monastery going back many generations.
Article: Prison Break
Section: Alleged copyright infringement

Question: Who was Robert Hughes's brother?

On October 24, 2006, the Associated Press reported that Donald and Robert Hughes filed a lawsuit against Fox Broadcasting Company and the show's executive producer and creator, Paul Scheuring, for copyright infringement, seeking unspecified damages and other costs.
They claimed that in 2001, they had sent Fox their manuscript which was based on their own experiences of a prison break at a juvenile facility.
In the 1960s, Donald Hughes planned and successfully executed a prison escape for his brother, Robert Hughes, who was wrongfully incarcerated.
Article: Boxing
Section: Medical concerns

Question: In what country was boxing banned until 2007?

Knocking a person unconscious or even causing concussion may cause permanent brain damage.
There is no clear division between the force required to knock a person out and the force likely to kill a person.
Since 1980, more than 200 amateur boxers, professional boxers and Toughman fighters have died due to ring or training injuries.
In 1983, the "Journal of the American Medical Association" called for a ban on boxing.
The editor, Dr. George Lundberg, called boxing an "obscenity" that "should not be sanctioned by any civilized society."
Since then, the British, Canadian and Australian Medical Associations also have called for bans on boxing.
Supporters of the ban state that boxing is the only sport where hurting the other athlete is the goal.
Dr. Bill O'Neill, boxing spokesman for the British Medical Association, has supported the BMA's proposed ban on boxing: "It is the only sport where the intention is to inflict serious injury on your opponent, and we feel that we must have a total ban on boxing."
Opponents respond that such a position is misguided opinion, stating that amateur boxing is scored solely according to total connecting blows with no award for "injury".
They observe that many skilled professional boxers have had rewarding careers without inflicting injury on opponents by accumulating scoring blows and avoiding punches winning rounds scored 10-9 by the 10-point must system, and they note that there are many other sports where concussions are much more prevalent.
In 2007, one study of amateur boxers showed that protective headgear did not prevent brain damage, and another found that amateur boxers faced a high risk of brain damage.
The Gothenburg study analyzed temporary levels of neurofiliment light in cerebral spinal fluid which they conclude is evidence of damage, even though the levels soon subside.
More comprehensive studies of neurologiocal function on larger samples performed by Johns Hopkins University and accident rates analyzed by National Safety Council show amateur boxing is a comparatively safe sport.
In 1997, the American Association of Professional Ringside Physicians was established to create medical protocols through research and education to prevent injuries in boxing.
Professional boxing is forbidden in Norway, Iceland, Iran and North Korea.
It was banned in Sweden until 2007 when the ban was lifted but strict restrictions, including four three-minute rounds for fights, were imposed.
It was banned in Albania from 1965 till the fall of Communism in 1991; it is now legal.
Article: Apollo 11
Section: 40th anniversary events

Question: When did Life.com release their photo gallery?

On July 15, 2009, Life.com released a photo gallery of previously unpublished photos of the astronauts taken by "Life" photographer Ralph Morse prior to the Apollo 11 launch.
From July 16–24, 2009, NASA streamed the original mission audio on its website in real time 40 years to the minute after the events occurred.
In addition, it is in the process of restoring the video footage and has released a preview of key moments.
On July 20, 2009, the crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins met with U.S. President Barack Obama at the White House.
"We expect that there is, as we speak, another generation of kids out there who are looking up at the sky and are going to be the next Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin," Obama said.
"We want to make sure that NASA is going to be there for them when they want to take their journey.
"The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum set up a Flash website that rebroadcasts the transmissions of Apollo 11 from launch to landing on the Moon.
A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing:It was carried out in a technically brilliant way with risks taken ... that would be inconceivable in the risk-averse world of today ...
The Apollo programme is arguably the greatest technical achievement of mankind to date ... nothing since Apollo has come close the excitement that was generated by those astronauts - Armstrong, Aldrin and the 10 others who followed them.
On August 7, 2009, an act of Congress awarded the three astronauts a Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.
The bill was sponsored by Florida Sen. Bill Nelson and Florida Rep. Alan Grayson.
In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronised and released for the first time.
Article: Peking duck
Section: History

Question: When was the Quanjude restaurant established in Beijing?

Duck has been roasted in China since the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
A variation of roast duck was prepared for the Emperor of China in the Yuan Dynasty.
The dish, originally named "Shaoyazi" (燒鴨子), was mentioned in the "Complete Recipes for Dishes and Beverages" (飲膳正要) manual in 1330 by Hu Sihui (忽思慧), an inspector of the imperial kitchen.
The Peking Roast Duck that came to be associated with the term was fully developed during the later Ming Dynasty, and by then, Peking Duck was one of the main dishes on imperial court menus.
The first restaurant specialising in Peking Duck, Bianyifang, was established in the Xianyukou, Qianmen area of Beijing in 1416.
By the Qianlong Period (1736–1796) of the Qing Dynasty, the popularity of Peking Duck spread to the upper classes, inspiring poetry from poets and scholars who enjoyed the dish.
For instance, one of the verses of "Duan Zhu Zhi Ci", a collection of Beijing poems was, "Fill your plates with roast duck and suckling pig".
In 1864, the Quanjude (全聚德) restaurant was established in Beijing.
Yang Quanren (楊全仁), the founder of Quanjude, developed the hung oven to roast ducks.
With its innovations and efficient management, the restaurant became well known in China, introducing the Peking Duck to the rest of the world.
By the mid-20th century, Peking Duck had become a national symbol of China, favored by tourists and diplomats alike.
For example, Henry Kissinger, the Secretary of State of the United States, met Premier Zhou Enlai in the Great Hall of the People on July 10, during his first visit to China.
After a round of inconclusive talks in the morning, the delegation was served Peking Duck for lunch, which became Kissinger's favourite.
The Americans and Chinese issued a joint statement the following day, inviting President Richard Nixon to visit China in 1972.
Peking Duck was hence considered one of the factors behind the rapprochement of the United States to China in the 1970s.
Following Zhou's death in 1976, Kissinger paid another visit to Beijing to savor Peking Duck.
Peking Duck, at the Quanjude in particular, has also been a favorite dish for various political leaders ranging from Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro to former German chancellor Helmut Kohl.
Article: Orange Is the New Black
Section: Plot

Question: Who plays Piper Chapman in Orange is the New Black?

The series revolves around Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a woman living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in a women's federal prison for transporting a suitcase full of drug money to her former girlfriend, Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), who is an international drug smuggler.
The offense occurred ten years prior to the start of the series, and in that time Piper had moved on to a quiet, law-abiding life among New York's upper middle class.
While in prison, Piper is reunited with Alex, and they re-examine their relationship and deal with the tough inmates.
Article: Chemical reaction
Section: Oxidation and reduction

Question: Elements that give electrons and can oxidize what what property about them?

Redox reactions can be understood in terms of transfer of electrons from one involved species (reducing agent) to another (oxidizing agent).
In this process, the former species is "oxidized" and the latter is "reduced".
Though sufficient for many purposes, these descriptions are not precisely correct.
Oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation state, and reduction as a decrease in oxidation state.
In practice, the transfer of electrons will always change the oxidation state, but there are many reactions that are classed as "redox" even though no electron transfer occurs (such as those involving covalent bonds).
In the following redox reaction, hazardous sodium metal reacts with toxic chlorine gas to form the ionic compound sodium chloride, or common table salt:
formula_21
In the reaction, sodium metal goes from an oxidation state of 0 (as it is a pure element) to +1: in other words, the sodium lost one electron and is said to have been oxidized.
On the other hand, the chlorine gas goes from an oxidation of 0 (it is also a pure element) to -1: the chlorine gains one electron and is said to have been reduced.
Because the chlorine is the one reduced, it is considered the electron acceptor, or in other words, induces oxidation in the sodium - thus the chlorine gas is considered the oxidizing agent.
Conversely, the sodium is oxidized or is the electron donor, and thus induces reduction in the other species and is considered the "reducing agent".
Which of the involved reactants would be reducing or oxidizing agent can be predicted from the electronegativity of their elements.
Elements with low electronegativity, such as most metals, easily donate electrons and oxidize – they are reducing agents.
On the contrary, many ions with high oxidation numbers, such as , , , , can gain one or two extra electrons and are strong oxidizing agents.
The number of electrons donated or accepted in a redox reaction can be predicted from the electron configuration of the reactant element.
Elements try to reach the low-energy noble gas configuration, and therefore alkali metals and halogens will donate and accept one electron respectively.
Noble gases themselves are chemically inactive.
An important class of redox reactions are the electrochemical reactions, where electrons from the power supply are used as the reducing agent.
These reactions are particularly important for the production of chemical elements, such as chlorine or aluminium.
The reverse process in which electrons are released in redox reactions and can be used as electrical energy is possible and used in batteries.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Composition and lyrics

Question: Who co-wrote Taylor Swift's "We are never ever getting back together"?

The three minute and twelve second song features electronic heavy production and a pop music vocal styling, a musical transition for Swift.
An alternate edition was recorded for country radio featuring a different instrumental arrangement.
The country arrangement replaced the guitar, drum machine, and synthesisers with a banjo, mandolin, fiddle, steel guitar and snare drums.
It was written in the key of G Major with a common time signature and a slow tempo of eighty-six beats per minute Moderate Rock beat, with Swift's vocals spanning one octave & four notes, from G3 to D5.
The track features an acoustic guitar (some of its sounds are reversed) and various synthesizers over an electronic drum beat.
The song was written by Swift, along with Max Martin and Shellback.
The lyrics discuss Swift's frustration towards a former male lover who wants to rekindle their relationship.
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Abstract

Question: Who sang Every Breath You Take and how did it perform?

"Every Breath You Take" is a song by The Police on the band's 1983 album "Synchronicity", written by Sting.
The single entered the charts at position 36 on 4 June 1983.
The single was one of the biggest hits of 1983, topping the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for eight weeks and the UK Singles Chart for four weeks.
It also topped the "Billboard" Top Tracks chart for nine weeks.
At the 26th Annual Grammy Awards the song was nominated for three Grammy Awards including Song of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.
Sting won Song of the Year while The Police won Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals; however, it did not win Record of the Year.
The song ranked No.
84 on the "Rolling Stone" list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time the highest position of any new wave rock song.
It also ranked No.
25 on "Billboard"'s Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs.
The song is considered to be The Police's signature song, and in 2010 was estimated to generate between a quarter and a third of Sting's music publishing income.
In the USA, Every Breath You Take was the best-selling single of 1983 and fifth best-selling single of the decade.
Article: Pakistan
Section: Clothing and fashion

Question: In what city is the Pakistan Fashion Design Council?

The shalwar kameez is the national dress of Pakistan and is worn by men and women in all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa and FATA in the country and in Azad Kashmir.
Each province has its own style of wearing the Shalwar Qameez.
Pakistanis wairclothes range from exquisite colors and designs to the type of fabric (silk, chiffon, cotton, etc.
Pakistani fashion has flourished well in the changing environment of fashion world.
Since Pakistan came into being its fashion has been historically evolved from different phases and made its unique identity apart from Indian fashion and culture.
At this time, Pakistani fashion is a combination of traditional and modern dresses and it has become the cultural identification of Pakistan.
Despite of all modern trends, the regional and traditional dresses have developed their own significance as a symbol of native tradition.
This regional fashion is not static but evolving into more modern and pure forms.
The Pakistan Fashion Design Council based in Lahore organizes "Fashion Week" and Fashion Pakistan based in Karachi organizes fashion shows in that city.
Pakistan’s first fashion week was held in November 2009.
Article: Invasion of Normandy
Section: German leadership

Question: For what reason was Von Rundstedt taken down from his command?

German commanders at all levels failed to react to the assault phase in a timely manner.
Communications problems exacerbated the difficulties caused by Allied air and naval firepower.
Local commanders also seemed incapable of the task of fighting an aggressive defense on the beach, as Rommel envisioned.
The German High Command remained fixated on the Calais area, and von Rundstedt was not permitted to commit the armoured reserve.
When it was finally released late in the day, any chance of success was much more difficult.
Overall, despite considerable Allied material superiority, the Germans kept the Allies bottled up in a small beachhead for nearly two months, aided immeasurably by terrain factors.
Although there were several known disputes among the Allied commanders, their tactics and strategy were essentially determined by agreement between the main commanders.
By contrast, the German leaders were bullied and their decisions interfered with by Hitler, controlling the battle from a distance with little knowledge of local conditions.
Field Marshals von Rundstedt and Rommel repeatedly asked Hitler for more discretion but were refused.
Von Rundstedt was removed from his command on 29 June after he bluntly told the Chief of Staff at Hitler's Armed Forces HQ (Field Marshal Keitel) to "Make peace, you idiots!"
Rommel was severely injured by Allied aircraft on 17 July.
The German commanders also suffered in the quality of the available troops.
Sixty thousand of the 850,000 in Rundstedt's command were raised from the many prisoners of war captured on the Eastern Front.
These "Ost" units had volunteered to fight against Stalin, but when instead unwisely used to defend France against the Western Allies, ended up being unreliable.
Many surrendered or deserted at the first available opportunity.
Article: Disneyland
Section: Critter Country

Question: What year did Critter Country open its doors?

Critter Country opened in 1972 as "Bear Country", and was renamed in 1988.
Formerly the area was home to Indian Village, where indigenous tribespeople demonstrated their dances and other customs.
Today, the main draw of the area is Splash Mountain, a log-flume journey inspired by the Uncle Remus stories of Joel Chandler Harris and the animated segments of Disney's Academy Award-winning 1946 film, "Song of the South".
In 2003, a dark ride called The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh replaced the Country Bear Jamboree, which closed in 2001.
The attraction is still open in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom.