community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Italy
Section: Cinema

Question: What did the first Italian film show?

The history of Italian cinema began a few months after the Lumière brothers began motion picture exhibitions.
The first Italian film was a few seconds, showing Pope Leo XIII giving a blessing to the camera.
The Italian film industry was born between 1903 and 1908 with three companies: the Società Italiana Cines, the Ambrosio Film and the Itala Film.
Other companies soon followed in Milan and in Naples.
In a short time these first companies reached a fair producing quality, and films were soon sold outside Italy.
Cinema was later used by Benito Mussolini, who founded Rome's renowned Cinecittà studio for the production of Fascist propaganda until World War II.
After the war, Italian film was widely recognised and exported until an artistic decline around the 1980s.
Notable Italian film directors from this period include Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Sergio Leone, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni and Dario Argento.
Movies include world cinema treasures such as "La dolce vita", "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" and "Bicycle Thieves".
The mid-1940s to the early 1950s was the heyday of neorealist films, reflecting the poor condition of post-war Italy.
As the country grew wealthier in the 1950s, a form of neorealism known as pink neorealism succeeded, and other film genres, such as sword-and-sandal followed as spaghetti westerns, were popular in the 1960s and 1970s.
In recent years, the Italian scene has received only occasional international attention, with movies like "La vita è bella" directed by Roberto Benigni, "Il postino" with Massimo Troisi and "La grande bellezza" directed by Paolo Sorrentino
Article: Thailand
Section: Military

Question: What was Thailand's military spending in 2011?

The Royal Thai Armed Forces ( constitute the military of the Kingdom of Thailand.
They consist of the Royal Thai Army (กองทัพบกไทย), the Royal Thai Navy (กองทัพเรือไทย), and the Royal Thai Air Force (กองทัพอากาศไทย).
It also incorporates various paramilitary forces.
Currently, the Royal Thai Armed Forces has a combined manpower of about 800,000 personnel.
The Head of the Thai Armed Forces (จอมทัพไทย, "Chom Thap Thai") is King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), although this position is only nominal.
The Armed Forces is managed by the Ministry of Defence of Thailand, which is headed by the Minister of Defence (a member of the Cabinet of Thailand) and commanded by the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters, which in turn is headed by the Chief of Defence Forces of Thailand.
In 2011, Thailand's known military expenditure totalled approximately US$5.1 billion.
According to the constitution, serving in the Armed Forces is a duty of all Thai citizens.
However, only males over the age of 21, who have not gone through reserve training of the Army Reserve Force Students, are given the option of whether they want to volunteer for the armed forces, or choose the random draft.
The candidates are subjected to varying lengths of training, from six months to two years of full-time service, depending on their education, whether they have partially completed the reserve training course, and whether they volunteered prior to the drafting date (usually 1 April every year).
Candidates with a recognized bachelor's degree will be subjected to one year of full-time service if they chose the random draft, or six months if they volunteer at their respective district office (สัสดี, "satsadi").
Likewise, the training length is also reduced for those who have partially completed the three-year reserve training course (ร.ด., "ro do").
A person who completed one year out of three will only have to serve full-time for one year.
Those who completed two years of reserve training will only have to do six months of full-time training, while those who complete three years or more of reserve training will be exempted entirely.
The Royal Thai Armed Forces Day is celebrated on 18 January, commemorating the victory of King Naresuan the Great in battle against the Crown Prince of Burma in 1593.
Article: Yogurt
Section: Non-dairy yogurt substitutes

Question: Is it possible to produce genuine yogurt from plant sources?

Various manufacturers have endeavoured to produce plant-based substitutes for yogurt, using soy milk, nut milks such as almond milk, and coconut milk, for consumers who are unable to tolerate dairy products in any form.
Although "Lactobacillus" strains exist that can produce lactic acid from plant-derived feed stock ("e.g."
sauerkraut), since plants do not produce lactose, it is not possible to produce genuine yogurt from plant sources with the same bacteria cultures used to convert milk into yogurt.
Article: One More Night (Maroon 5 song)
Section: Synopsis

Question: How does the video for "One More Night" begin?

The video for "One More Night" opens with two goldfish swimming around in a spheric bowl before segueing into a sequence where the seemingly idyllic home life Levine enjoys with video girlfriend Minka Kelly and their baby daughter is set against scenes of his hands being wrapped and of him training in a boxing ring.
At home, he eats a protein-heavy meal and revels in his baby girl's laughter as he holds her high in the air.
But all is not well, as frequent cuts to Kelly's concerned frown let on.
The writing is on the wall when he has to leave for a big fight and before he leaves, he pretends to soft box his baby daughter.
As he steps into the ring to cheers, she packs her bags.
He wins the fight, but when he returns home battered from the battle, he finds he's lost everything that really mattered.
Kelly and their child are gone and all that's left are the relics of his profession — trophies, a jump rope, a few pictures and a lone goldfish.
Article: The Lion King
Section: Abstract

Question: What was the Lion King release date?

The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.
It is the 32nd animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.
The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa, and was influenced by the biblical tales of Joseph and Moses and the Shakespeare play "Hamlet".
The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance.
"The Lion King" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts and Linda Woolverton.
The film features a large ensemble voice cast led by Matthew Broderick, Jeremy Irons, James Earl Jones, Jonathan Taylor Thomas and Moira Kelly.
It tells the story of Simba, a young lion who is to succeed his father, Mufasa, as king; however, after Simba's uncle Scar murders Mufasa, Simba is fooled into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile in shame and despair.
Upon maturation living with two wastrels, Simba is given some valuable perspective from his friend, Nala, and his shaman, Rafiki, before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny.
Development of "The Lion King" began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider while promoting "Oliver & Company" in Europe.
Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment, and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director, being later joined by Allers.
Production began in 1991, with most of the animators inexperienced or uninterested in animals as most of the Disney team wanted to work on "Pocahontas" instead.
Some time after the staff traveled to Hell's Gate National Park to research on the film's setting and animals, Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical, and was replaced by Minkoff.
When Hahn joined the project, he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten.
Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences took place at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida.
Computer animation was also used in several scenes, most notably in the wildebeest stampede scene.
"The Lion King" was released on June 15, 1994 to a positive reaction from critics, who praised the film for its music and story.
Following a 3D re-release in 2011, with earnings of over US$987 million worldwide as of 2011, the film is the highest-grossing hand-drawn film in history, the highest-grossing 2D animated film in the United States and the 19th-highest-grossing feature film of all time.
"The Lion King" garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Its songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with an original score by Hans Zimmer.
The film lead to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation, two direct-to-video follow-ups - sequel "" (1998) and the prequel/parallel "The Lion King 1½" (2004) - and spin-off series "Timon and Pumbaa".
Article: Hey Jude
Section: Critical reception

Question: Where did Rolling Stone place "Hey Jude" on it's list of best Beatles songs?

Upon the release of the "Hey Jude" single, "Time" contrasted it with its B-side "Revolution."
"Time" wrote, "The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort" due to McCartney "liltingly exhorta friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love."
Robert Christgau of "The Village Voice" called it "one of his truest and most forthright love songs" and was critical of its omission from "The Beatles".
Music analyst Alan Pollack praised "Hey Jude," saying, "it's such a good illustration of two compositional lessons—how to fill a large canvas with simple means, and how to use diverse elements such as harmony, bassline, and orchestration to articulate form and contrast."
He also said it is unusual for a long song because it uses a "binary form that combines a fully developed, hymn-like song together with an extended, mantra-like jam on a simple chord progression."
Pollack described the song's long coda and fadeout as "an astonishingly transcendental effect," while Unterberger observed, "What could have very easily been boring is instead hypnotic".
John Lennon said "Hey Jude" was "one of his [Paul's masterpieces.
""Hey Jude" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal categories but failed to win any of them.
It did win the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for "A-Side With the Highest Sales".
In the 1968 "NME" Readers' Poll, "Hey Jude" was named the best single of the year.
In 2001, "Hey Jude" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame.
In 2004 and later in 2010, "Rolling Stone" ranked the song at number eight on "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time," making it the highest ranked Beatles song on the list.
Also in 2010, "Rolling Stone" ranked the song at number seven on the Beatles' 100 Greatest Songs.
It came in third on Channel 4's list of 100 Greatest Singles.
The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranked "Hey Jude" the 11th-best jukebox single of all time.
It was also voted the greatest song of all time by "Mojo" readers.
Article: National Air and Space Museum
Section: Architecture

Question: What is the museums floorplan design and who was the architect?

Because of the museum's close proximity to the United States Capitol, the Smithsonian wanted a building that would be architecturally impressive but would not stand out too boldly against the Capitol building.
St. Louis-based architect Gyo Obata of HOK designed the museum as four simple marble-encased cubes containing the smaller and more theatrical exhibits, connected by three spacious steel-and-glass atria which house the larger exhibits such as missiles, airplanes and spacecraft.
The mass of the museum is similar to the National Gallery of Art across the National Mall, and uses the same pink Tennessee marble as the National Gallery.
Built by Gilbane Building Company, the museum was completed in 1976.
The west glass wall of the building is used for the installation of airplanes, functioning as a giant door.
Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum also designed the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia.
Article: Union Station (Washington, D.C.)
Section: 1953 overrun

Question: Why was the hole from the 1953 overrun temporarily hidden?

On the morning of January 15, 1953, the Pennsylvania Railroad's "Federal", the overnight train from Boston, crashed into the station.
When the engineer tried to apply the trainline brakes two miles out of the platforms, he discovered that he only had engine brakes.
He radioed a warning ahead, and the concourse was cleared as the train coasted downhill into track 16.
The GG1 locomotive, No.
4876, hit the bumper block at about , jumped onto the platform, destroyed the stationmaster’s office at the end of the track, took out a newsstand, and was on its way to crashing through the wall into the Great Hall.
Just then, the floor of the terminal, having never been designed to carry the weight of a locomotive, gave way, dropping the engine into the basement.
The electric locomotive fell into about the center of what is now the food court.
Remarkably, no one was killed, and passengers in the rear cars thought that they had only had a rough stop.
An investigation revealed that an anglecock on the brakeline had been closed, probably by an icicle knocked from an overhead bridge.
The accident inspired the finale of the 1976 film "Silver Streak".
The durable design of the GG1 made its damage repairable, and it was soon back in service after being hauled away in pieces to the PRR's main shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania.
Before the latter action was undertaken, however, the GG1 and the hole it made were temporarily planked over and hidden from view due to the imminent inauguration of General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the thirty-fourth President of the United States.
Article: Electromagnetism
Section: Photoelectric effect

Question: How has Plankc's and Einstein's theory changed physics and when was it postulated?

In another paper published in that same year, Albert Einstein undermined the very foundations of classical electromagnetism.
In his theory of the photoelectric effect (for which he won the Nobel prize for physics) and inspired by the idea of Max Planck's "quanta", he posited that light could exist in discrete particle-like quantities as well, which later came to be known as photons.
Einstein's theory of the photoelectric effect extended the insights that appeared in the solution of the ultraviolet catastrophe presented by Max Planck in 1900.
In his work, Planck showed that hot objects emit electromagnetic radiation in discrete packets ("quanta"), which leads to a finite total energy emitted as black body radiation.
Both of these results were in direct contradiction with the classical view of light as a continuous wave.
Planck's and Einstein's theories were progenitors of quantum mechanics, which, when formulated in 1925, necessitated the invention of a quantum theory of electromagnetism.
This theory, completed in the 1940s-1950s, is known as quantum electrodynamics (or "QED"), and, in situations where perturbation theory is applicable, is one of the most accurate theories known to physics.
Article: Grand Central Terminal
Section: Grand Central Terminal

Question: What years was the building torn down and replaced?

Between 1903 and 1913, the entire building was torn down in phases and replaced by the current Grand Central Terminal, which was designed by the architectural firms of Reed and Stem and Warren and Wetmore, who entered an agreement to act as the associated architects of Grand Central Terminal in February 1904.
Reed & Stem were responsible for the overall design of the station, Warren and Wetmore added architectural details and the Beaux-Arts style.
Charles Reed was appointed the chief executive for the collaboration between the two firms, and promptly appointed Alfred T. Fellheimer as head of the combined design team.
This work was accompanied by the "electrification" of the three railroads using the station and the burial of the approach in the Park Avenue tunnel.
The result of this was the creation of several blocks worth of prime real estate in Manhattan, which were then sold for a large sum of money.
In addition, the terminal itself contains support structures for a possible future tower to be built above it.
The new terminal opened on February 2, 1913.
The terminal is made primarily from granite.
In fact, so much granite is used, the building emits relatively high levels of radiation on a regular basis.
Article: Despicable Me
Section: Music

Question: Who wrote and performed songs for the film "Despicable Me"?

"Despicable Me: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack" is the soundtrack to the film of the same name, and it was released on July 6, 2010.
It featured new songs from the film written and performed by Pharrell Williams, and performances by Destinee & Paris, The Sylvers, Robin Thicke and The Bee Gees.
Article: Tokyo Disneyland
Section: Ticket price

Question: What section of the day features discounted tickets for Tokyo Disneyland?

The ticket prices vary from one package to another and these can be found at the company's website.
Standard one and two day tickets do not allow park hopping to Tokyo DisneySea, must be used on consecutive days and are date specific.
Instead users must state upon purchase the dates they wish to visit each park.
Three and Four day tickets allow park hopping on the third and fourth days, but again must be used consecutively.
Annual passes are available for either a single or both parks, though require a considerable number of visits to achieve a saving over regular day tickets.
A night pass is also available for a discounted price during the night hours only.
Article: Croissant
Section: Origin

Question: How did the French croissant get its name?

The Kipferl, ancestor of the croissant, has been documented in Austria going back at least as far as the 13th century, in various shapes.
The Kipferl can be made plain or with nut or other fillings (some consider the rugelach a form of Kipferl).
The "birth" of the croissant itself – that is, its adaptation from the plainer form of Kipferl, before the invention of Viennoiserie – can be dated with some precision to at latest 1839 (some say 1838), when an Austrian artillery officer, August Zang, founded a Viennese bakery ("Boulangerie Viennoise") at 92, rue de Richelieu in Paris.
This bakery, which served Viennese specialities including the Kipferl and the Vienna loaf, quickly became popular and inspired French imitators (and the concept, if not the term, viennoiserie, a 20th-century term for supposedly Vienna-style pastries).
The French version of the Kipferl was named for its crescent ("croissant") shape and has become a identifiable shape across the world.
Alan Davidson, editor of the "Oxford Companion to Food", found no printed recipe for the present-day croissant in any French recipe book before the early 20th century; the earliest French reference to a croissant he found was among the "fantasy or luxury breads" in Payen's "Des substances alimentaires", 1853.
However, early recipes for non-laminated croissants can be found in the nineteenth century and at least one reference to croissants as an established French bread appeared as early as 1850.
Zang himself returned to Austria in 1848 to become a press magnate, but the bakery remained popular for some time after, and was mentioned in several works of the time: "This same M. Zank ...founded around 1830 , in Paris, the famous Boulangerie viennoise".
Several sources praise this bakery's products: "Paris is of exquisite delicacy; and, in particular, the succulent products of the Boulangerie Viennoise"; "which seemed to us as fine as if it came from the Viennese bakery on the rue de Richelieu".
By 1869, the croissant was well established enough to be mentioned as a breakfast staple, and in 1872, Charles Dickens wrote (in his periodical "All the Year Round") of: the workman's pain de ménage and the soldier's pain de munition, to the dainty croissant on the boudoir tableThe puff pastry technique which now characterizes the croissant was already mentioned in the late 17th century, when La Varenne's "Le Cuisinier françois" gave a recipe for it in the 1680 – and possibly earlier – editions.
It was typically used, not on its own, but for shells holding other ingredients (as in a vol-au-vent).
But it does not appear to be mentioned in relation to the croissant until the twentieth century.
Article: Steak
Section: Sirloin steak

Question: How can i cook the steak?

The sirloin steak is a portion of the sirloin part of the cow which is near the cow's rear, the nearer the meat is from the rear, the tenderer it is likely to be, like the rump steak.
Although there are two parts of the sirloin: upper sirloin is generally more expensive than the lower sirloin because it is more tender.
Sirloin steaks are often served at steakhouses and are often accompanied with French fries and vegetables such as broccoli, carrot or peas.
They are usually cooked by grilling or frying.
Article: Golf
Section: Stroke play

Question: Who commonly plays stroke play?

In stroke play, the score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins.
Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.
If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.
Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.
In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of his opponents wins the match.
If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Live performances

Question: At what point did Swift first perform the track live?

 Swift performed the song live for the first time at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards on September 6, 2012, which was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.
Swift was the last performance of the night and, wearing a red and white striped shirt and black shorts, began her performance in an area resembling a recording studio before taking the stage along with her back-up singers, dancers and band (in animal costumes) took the stage.
 Swift also performed the song live at the iHeartRadio Music Festival.
 She performed the song on the British version of "The X Factor" on October 14, 2012.
 Swift performed the song on the German TV show "Schlag Den Raab".
 On January 25, 2013, Swift performed "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" at the Los Premios 40 Principales in Spain.
 The next day, she performed it in Cannes, France during the NRJ Music Awards.
 On February 10, 2013, Swift performed the song at the 2013 Grammy Awards, opening the ceremony.
 She performs the song on her Red Tour nightly as the finale.