community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Gymnastics
Section: Vault

Question: What is another name for the vaulting platform?

Artistic events for women.
In the vaulting events gymnasts sprint down a runway, jump onto or perform a roundoff entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then sprint off of this platform to a two footed landing (post flight segment).
Every gymnast starts at a different point on the vault runway depending on their height and strength.
The post flight segment may include one or more multiple saltos or somersaults, and/or twisting movements.
Round-off entry vaults are the most common vaults in elite level gymnastics.
In vaults with roundoff entries, gymnasts "round-off" so hands are on the runway while the feet land on the springboard (beatboard).
From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards as in a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting platform (horse).
She then blocks off the vaulting platform into various twisting and/or somersaulting combinations.
The post flight segment brings the gymnast to her feet.
In 2001, the traditional vaulting horse was replaced with a new apparatus, sometimes known as a tongue or vaulting table.
The new apparatus is more stable, wider, and longer than the older vaulting horse—approximately 1m in length and 1m in width—giving gymnasts a larger blocking surface, and is therefore considered safer than the vaulting horse used in the past.
With the addition of this new, safer vaulting table, gymnasts are attempting more difficult and dangerous vaults.
Article: NCIS (TV series)
Section: Abstract

Question: What word was removed from NCIS's original title?

NCIS (TV series)NCIS is an American police procedural drama television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps.
The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series "JAG" (season eight episodes "Ice Queen" and "Meltdown").
The show, a spin-off from "JAG", premiered on September 23, 2003, on CBS.
To date it has aired for ten full seasons and has gone into broadcast syndication on USA Network.
Donald P. Bellisario is co-creator, along with Don McGill, as well as executive producer.
"NCIS" was originally referred to as Navy NCIS during season one; "Navy" was later dropped from the title.
In season seven, "NCIS" led to a spin-off series, "", starring Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J.
In 2011, "NCIS" was voted America’s favorite television show.
The series finished its tenth season as the most-watched television series in the U.S. during the 2012–13 TV season.
On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season.
Article: Amélie
Section: Production

Question: Who did Jeunet originally write the role of Amelie for?

In his DVD commentary, Jeunet explains that he originally wrote the role of Amélie for the English actress Emily Watson; in the original draft, Amélie's father was an Englishman living in London.
However, Watson's French was not strong, and when she became unavailable to shoot the film, owing to a conflict with the filming of "Gosford Park", Jeunet rewrote the screenplay for a French actress.
Audrey Tautou was the first actress he auditioned having seen her on the poster for "Venus Beauty Institute".
The movie was filmed mainly in Paris.
The Café des 2 Moulins (15 Rue Lepic, Montmartre, Paris) where Amélie works is a real place.
The filmmakers made use of computer-generated imagery and a digital intermediate.
The studio scenes were filmed in the Coloneum Studio in Cologne (Germany).
The film shares many of the themes in the plot with second half of the 1994 film "Chungking Express".
Article: Ketchup
Section: Malay theory

Question: What is an Indonesian fermented savory sauce?

Ketchup may have entered the English language from the Malay word "kicap" (pron.
"kichap", also spelled "kecap", "ketjap"), originally meaning "fish sauce", which itself may be a loan from Chinese terms above.
In Indonesian cuisine, which is similar to Malay, the term "kecap" or "ketjap" refers to fermented savory sauces.
Two main types are well known in their cuisine: "kecap asin" which translates to 'salty kecap' in Indonesian (a salty soy sauce) and "kecap manis" or literally 'sweet kecap' in Indonesian.
Kecap manis is a sweet soy sauce that is a mixture of soy sauce with brown sugar, molasses, garlic, ginger, anise, coriander and a bay leaf reduced over medium heat until rather syrupy.
A third type, "kecap ikan", meaning "fish kecap" is fish sauce similar to the Thai "Nam Pla" or the Philippine "Patis."
It is not, however, soy-based.
Article: High Renaissance
Section: Painting

Question: In what was was the High Renaissance perceived?

The High Renaissance was traditionally viewed as a great explosion of creative genius, following a model of art history first proposed by the Florentine Giorgio Vasari.
Even relatively minor painters of the period, such as Fra Bartolomeo and Mariotto Albertinelli, produced works that are still lauded for the harmony of their design and their technique.
The elongated proportions and exaggerated poses in the late works of Michelangelo, Andrea del Sarto and Correggio prefigure so-called Mannerism, as the style of the later Renaissance is referred to in art history.
The serene mood and luminous colours of paintings by Giorgione and early Titian exemplify High Renaissance style as practiced in Venice.
Other recognizable pieces of this period include Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" and Raphael's "The School of Athens".
Raphael's fresco, set beneath an arch, is a virtuoso work of perspective, composition and "disegno".
Article: Yogurt
Section: Non-dairy yogurt substitutes

Question: Can Lactobacillus strains produce lactic acid?

Various manufacturers have endeavoured to produce plant-based substitutes for yogurt, using soy milk, nut milks such as almond milk, and coconut milk, for consumers who are unable to tolerate dairy products in any form.
Although "Lactobacillus" strains exist that can produce lactic acid from plant-derived feed stock ("e.g."
sauerkraut), since plants do not produce lactose, it is not possible to produce genuine yogurt from plant sources with the same bacteria cultures used to convert milk into yogurt.
Article: American Revolution
Section: France

Question: How much did the munitions cost in "livres tournaises"?

Other participants.
In early 1776, France set up a major program of aid to the Americans, and the Spanish secretly added funds.
Each country spent one million "livres tournaises" to buy munitions.
A dummy corporation run by Pierre Beaumarchais concealed their activities.
American rebels obtained some munitions through the Dutch Republic as well as French and Spanish ports in the West Indies.
Article: Golden Gate Park
Section: Music Concourse Area

Question: When did the Music Concourse begin to undergo a series of improvements?

Major features.
Music Concourse Area.
The Music Concourse is a sunken, oval-shaped open-air plaza originally excavated for the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894.
Its focal point is the Spreckels Temple of Music, also called the "Bandshell," where numerous music performances have been staged.
It includes a number of statues of various historic figures, four fountains, and a regular grid array of heavily pollarded trees.
Since 2003, the Music Concourse has undergone a series of improvements to include an underground 800-car parking garage and pedestrianization of the plaza itself.
It is surrounded by various cultural attractions, including:
Article: Victoria Peak
Section: History

Question: Why did they create Peak Tram?

As early as 19th century, the Peak attracted prominent European residents because of its panoramic view over the city and its temperate climate compared to the sub-tropical climate in the rest of Hong Kong.
The sixth Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Richard MacDonnell had a summer residence built on the Peak circa 1868.
Those that built houses named them whimsically, such as The Eyrie, and the Austin Arms.
See First houses on the Peak.
These original residents reached their homes by sedan chairs, which were carried up and down the steep slope of Victoria Peak.
This limited development of the Peak until the opening of the Peak Tram funicular in 1888.
The boost to accessibility caused by the opening of the Peak Tram created demand for residences on the Peak.
Between 1904 and 1930, the Peak Reservation Ordinance designated the Peak as an exclusive residential area reserved for non-Chinese.
They also reserved the Peak Tram for the use of such passengers during peak periods.
The Peak remains an upmarket residential area, although residency today is based on wealth.
Article: Drive By (song)
Section: Abstract

Question: What is American Roots rock band's 6th album?

Drive By (song)"Drive By" is a song by American roots rock band, Train, from their sixth studio album, "California 37".
It was released in the United States as the album's lead single on January 10, 2012.
The song was written by lead singer Patrick Monahan and Norwegian songwriting duo Espen Lind, Amund Bjørklund, the same team responsible for Train's 2009 hit single "Hey, Soul Sister".
"Drive By" peaked at number 10 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming the band's third top 10 hit in the US.
It was awarded a double platinum certification by the RIAA on July 23, 2012, for more than 2 million sales in the US.
Internationally, the song became a top ten hit in 13 countries.
Train performed the song on television series "90210" in the episode "Blood Is Thicker Than Mud", which aired on March 13, 2012.
Train also performed a parody entitled "Five By" with Elmo and Count von Count for an episode of "Sesame Street".
Article: The Act of Killing
Section: Top ten lists

Question: What are the names of the 4 critics that ranked the film "The Act of Killing" number 1 in 2013?

"The Act of Killing" has been named as one of the best films of 2013 by various critics:
 1st – "Sight & Sound"
 1st – The Guardian
 1st – LA Weekly
 1st – Nick Schager, "The A.V.
Club"
 2nd – Mark Kermode, "The Observer"
 3rd – David Edelstein, "New York"
 3rd – David Sexton, "London Evening Standard"
 4th – Eric Kohn, "Indiewire"
 4th – People Magazine
 7th – Bill Goodykoontz, "Arizona Republic"
 7th – A.
A. Dowd, "The A.V.
Club"
 7th – David Chen – slashfilm.com "[http://www.slashfilm.com/the-filmcasts-top-10-films-of-2013/]"
 8th – Sam Adams, "The A.V.
Club"
 8th – Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, "The A.V.
Club"
 8th – Richard Corliss, "Time"
 10th – "Time Out London"
 10th – Devindra Hardawar – slashfilm.com "[http://www.slashfilm.com/the-filmcasts-top-10-films-of-2013/]"
Article: Turkey
Section: Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace

Question: Where did Indo-European languages originate?

Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace.
The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world.
Various Ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, beginning with the Neolithic period until conquest of Alexander the Great.
Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family.
In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical center from which the Indo-European languages radiated.
European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the Neolithic era by about 6000 B.C.
with its inhabitants starting the practice of agriculture.Göbekli Tepe is the site of the oldest known man-made religious structure, a temple dating to 10,000 BC, while Çatalhöyük is a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE.
It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date and in July 2012 was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The settlement of Troy started in the Neolithic Age and continued into the Iron Age.
The earliest recorded inhabitants of Anatolia were the Hattians and Hurrians, non-Indo-European peoples who inhabited central and eastern Anatolia, respectively, as early as ca.
2300 BC.
Indo-European Hittites came to Anatolia and gradually absorbed the Hattians and Hurrians ca.
2000–1700 BC.
The first major empire in the area was founded by the Hittites, from the eighteenth through the 13th century BC.
The Assyrians conquered and settled parts of southeastern Turkey as early as 1950 BC until the year 612 BC.
Following the collapse of the Hittite empire c. 1180 BC, the Phrygians, an Indo-European people, achieved ascendancy in Anatolia until their kingdom was destroyed by the Cimmerians in the 7th century BC.
The most powerful of Phrygia's successor states were Lydia, Caria and Lycia.
Article: Space Race
Section: Project Gemini

Question: How long where Buzz Aldrin's EVA sessions in November 1966?

Focused by the commitment to a moon landing, in January 1962 the US introduced Project Gemini, a two-crew-member spacecraft that would support Apollo by developing the key spaceflight technologies of space rendezvous and docking of two craft, flight durations of sufficient length to simulate going to the Moon and back, Extra-vehicular Activity for extended periods, and accomplishing useful work rather than just "walking in space."
Although Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, Gemini took advantage of the USSR's two-year hiatus after Voskhod, which enabled the US to catch up and surpass the previous Soviet lead in piloted spaceflight.
Gemini achieved several significant firsts during the course of ten piloted missions:
 On Gemini 3 (March 1965), astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom and John W. Young became the first to demonstrate their ability to change their craft's orbit.
 On Gemini 5 (August 1965), astronauts L. Gordon Cooper and Charles "Pete" Conrad set a record of almost eight days in space, long enough for a piloted lunar mission.
 On Gemini 6A (December 1965), Command Pilot Wally Schirra achieved the first space rendezvous with Gemini 7, accurately matching his orbit to that of the other craft, station-keeping for three consecutive orbits at distances as close as .
 Gemini 7 also set a human spaceflight endurance record of fourteen days for Frank Borman and James A. Lovell, which stood until both nations started launching space laboratories in the early 1970s.
 On Gemini 8 (March 1966), Command Pilot Neil Armstrong achieved the first docking between two spacecraft, his Gemini craft and an Agena target vehicle.
 Gemini 11 (September 1966), commanded by Conrad, achieved the first direct-ascent rendezvous with its Agena target on the first orbit, and used the Agena's rocket to achieve an apogee of .
 On Gemini 12 (November 1966), Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin spent over five hours working comfortably during three (EVA) sessions, finally proving that humans could perform productive tasks outside their spacecraft.
(This proved to be the most difficult goal to achieve.
)
Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions.
In this way, Project Gemini built up spaceflight experience for the pool of astronauts who would be chosen to fly the Apollo lunar missions.
Article: Shooting
Section: Abstract

Question: What is a marksman?

Shooting is the act or process of firing firearms or other projectile weapons such as bows or crossbows.
Even the firing of artillery, rockets, and missiles can be called shooting.
A person who specializes in shooting is a marksman.
Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field in hunting, in shooting sports, or in combat.
Article: Times Square
Section: Abstract

Question: What location is also known as "The Crossroads of the World"?

Times Square is a major commercial intersection and a neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, at the junction of Broadway (now converted into a pedestrian plaza) and Seventh Avenue and stretching from West 42nd to West 47th Streets.
Times Square – iconified as "The Crossroads of the World", "The Center of the Universe", and the "The Great White Way" – is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.
According to "Travel + Leisure" magazine's October 2011 survey, Times Square is the world's most visited tourist attraction, hosting over 39 million visitors annually.
Approximately 330,000 people pass through Times Square daily, many of whom are either tourists or people working in the area.
Formerly Longacre Square, Times Square was renamed in April 1904 after "The New York Times" moved its headquarters to the newly erected Times Building – now called One Times Square – site of the annual ball drop on New Year's Eve, a tradition which began on December 31, 1907 and continues today, attracting thousands to the Square every New Year's.
The northern triangle of Times Square is technically Duffy Square, dedicated in 1937 to Chaplain Francis P. Duffy of New York City's "Fighting 69th" Infantry Regiment; a memorial to Duffy is located there, along with a statue of George M. Cohan, and the TKTS discount theater tickets booth.
The stepped red roof of the TKTS booth also provides seating for various events.
The Duffy Statue and the square were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
Article: The Starry Night
Section: Genesis

Question: Who did Van Gogh communicate with in 1888 where he expressed his intention to paint the night sky?

In a letter written to Émile Bernard in April 1888, Van Gogh expressed his desire to paint the night sky, and questioned whether he could achieve his intention by painting from nature as the Impressionists did:In September 1888, before his December breakdown that resulted in his hospitalisation in Arles, he painted "Starry Night Over the Rhone".
Working by night under a gas lamp, Van Gogh painted this work directly from nature.
"It does me good to do what's difficult, "Van Gogh wrote, "That doesn’t stop me having a tremendous need for, shall I say the word—for religion—so I go outside at night to paint the stars.
"In May 1889, Van Gogh decided to enter the asylum at Saint-Rémy, where he stayed for the next year.
His time there was very productive, although interrupted by incapacitating nervous attacks.
Inspired by the landscape surrounding the asylum, he painted "Starry Night" in June 1889.
Unlike the earlier "Starry Night Over the Rhone", the new night scene was painted in daylight, from memory.
In mid-September 1889, following a heavy crisis which lasted from mid-July to the last days of August, he thought to include "Starry Night" in the next batch of works to be sent to his brother, Theo, in Paris.
In order to reduce the shipping costs, he withheld three of the studies, including "Starry Night".
These three went to Paris with the shipment that followed.
When Theo did not immediately report its arrival, Vincent inquired again and finally received Theo's commentary on his recent work.
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Abstract

Question: Who won Song of the Year for Every Breath You Take?

"Every Breath You Take" is a song by The Police on the band's 1983 album "Synchronicity", written by Sting.
The single entered the charts at position 36 on 4 June 1983.
The single was one of the biggest hits of 1983, topping the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for eight weeks and the UK Singles Chart for four weeks.
It also topped the "Billboard" Top Tracks chart for nine weeks.
At the 26th Annual Grammy Awards the song was nominated for three Grammy Awards including Song of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.
Sting won Song of the Year while The Police won Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals; however, it did not win Record of the Year.
The song ranked No.
84 on the "Rolling Stone" list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time the highest position of any new wave rock song.
It also ranked No.
25 on "Billboard"'s Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs.
The song is considered to be The Police's signature song, and in 2010 was estimated to generate between a quarter and a third of Sting's music publishing income.
In the USA, Every Breath You Take was the best-selling single of 1983 and fifth best-selling single of the decade.
Article: Gravity (film)
Section: Development

Question: Who replaced Robert Downey Jr. for the male lead role in the film Gravity?

Alfonso Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás.
Cuarón told "Wired" magazine, "I watched the Gregory Peck movie "Marooned" over and over as a kid."
That film is about the first crew of an experimental space station returning to Earth in an Apollo capsule that suffers a thruster malfunction.
Cuarón attempted to develop his project at Universal Pictures, where it stayed in development for several years.
After the rights to the project were sold, the project began development at Warner Bros, who acquired the project.
In February 2010, it attracted the attention of Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to "Wanted".
Later in the month, she rejected "Wanted 2", partially because the studio did not want to pay the fee she had received for her latest two movies and because she wanted to direct her Bosnian war film "In the Land of Blood and Honey".
In March, Robert Downey, Jr. entered talks to be cast in the male lead role.
In mid-2010, Marion Cotillard tested for the female lead role.
By August 2010, Scarlett Johansson and Blake Lively were in the running for the role.
In September, Cuarón received approval from Warner Bros. to offer the role without a screen test to Natalie Portman, who was being praised for her performance in the recently released "Black Swan".
Portman rejected the project because of scheduling conflicts and Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role.
In November 2010, Downey left the project to star in "How to Talk to Girls"a project in development with Shawn Levy attached to direct.
The following December, with Bullock signed for the co-lead role, George Clooney replaced Downey.
The problem of shooting long scenes in a zero-g environment was a challenge.
Eventually, the team decided to use computer-generated imagery for the spacewalk scenes and automotive robots to move Bullock's character for interior space station scenes.
This meant that shots and blocking had to be planned well in advance for the robots to be programmed.
It also made the production period much longer than expected.
When the script was finished, Cuarón assumed it would take about a year to complete the film, but it took four and a half years.
Article: The Usual Suspects
Section: Release

Question: Which year did The Usual Suspects release?

Gramercy Pictures ran a pre-release promotion and advertising campaign before "The Usual Suspects" opened in the summer of 1995.
Word of mouth marketing was used to advertise the film, and buses and billboards were plastered with the simple question, "Who is Keyser Söze?
"The film was shown out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival and was well received by audiences and critics.
The film was then given an exclusive run in Los Angeles, where it took a combined $83,513, and New York City, where it made $132,294 on three screens in its opening weekend.
The film was then released in 42 theaters where it earned $645,363 on its opening weekend.
It averaged a strong $4,181 per screen at 517 theaters and the following week added 300 play dates.
It eventually made $23.3 million in North America.