community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Nigeria
Section: Crime

Question: In U.S. dollars, how much did Nigeria's leaders steal from the Nigerian treasury between the years 1960 and 1999?

Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking.
Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa.
The various Nigerian Confraternities or "campus cults" are active in both organised crime and in political violence as well as providing a network of corruption within Nigeria.
As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities.
The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members.
On lower levels of society, there are the "area boys", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing.
According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.
Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed "419", a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the "Nigerian scam", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates.
These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank.
The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut.
In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted.
In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.
There is also some piracy in Nigeria, with attacks mainly directed at smaller ships shuttling employees and materials belonging to the oil companies with any involvement in oil exploration in the Niger Delta.
From 1 January 2007 to 29 October 2007, twenty-six pirate attacks were recorded.
Nigeria is also pervaded by political corruption.
It is ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index.
More than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999.
Article: China
Section: Internationalization of the renminbi

Question: What year did Russia begin using Chinese renminbi in it's trade?

In November 2010, Russia began using the Chinese renminbi in its bilateral trade with China.
This was soon followed by Japan, Australia, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.
As a result of the rapid internationalization of the renminbi, it became the eighth-most-traded currency in the world in 2013.
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Abstract

Question: Who sang Every Breathe You Take and how did it do?

"Every Breath You Take" is a song by The Police on the band's 1983 album "Synchronicity", written by Sting.
The single entered the charts at position 36 on 4 June 1983.
The single was one of the biggest hits of 1983, topping the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for eight weeks and the UK Singles Chart for four weeks.
It also topped the "Billboard" Top Tracks chart for nine weeks.
At the 26th Annual Grammy Awards the song was nominated for three Grammy Awards including Song of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.
Sting won Song of the Year while The Police won Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals; however, it did not win Record of the Year.
The song ranked No.
84 on the "Rolling Stone" list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time the highest position of any new wave rock song.
It also ranked No.
25 on "Billboard"'s Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs.
The song is considered to be The Police's signature song, and in 2010 was estimated to generate between a quarter and a third of Sting's music publishing income.
In the USA, Every Breath You Take was the best-selling single of 1983 and fifth best-selling single of the decade.
Article: Payphone (song)
Section: Background

Question: Where was the song Payphone recorded?

The song was written by Maroon 5's lead singer Adam Levine, along with Ammar Malik, Robopop, Benny Blanco, Shellback, and Wiz Khalifa, while production was helmed by Blanco and Shellback.
Levine, Blanco, Shellback, and Malik also wrote the band's previous single "Moves Like Jagger".
The writing process started when Blanco, Robopop, and Malik convened together in the studio; Malik and Robopop constructed a piano line and demo track that Blanco compiled into a proper melody.
Then, it was given to Levine who wrote the lyrics.
Meanwhile, Blanco recalled rapper Wiz Khalifa with an idea to throw a wrench into the Maroon 5 works by adding hip-hop flavor to the its sound, "I love when things don't make sense, like, 'Holy fuck!'
You don't hear him on the song at all.
I like when bands dip into a whole different genre."
Wiz Khalifa wrote and rapped his verse on "Payphone".
In an interview with "Rolling Stone", Blanco told that five minutes before Khalifa arrived at the studio, he prepared "the sound beds for the finger snap-driven portion of the jam".
However, producer Max Martin, who was the executive producer of "Overexposed", adjusted the chorus, because he felt it should be a "little different".
"Payphone" was recorded at Conway Studios in Los Angeles by Noah "Mailbox" Pasovoy and Shellback, while Eric Eylands served as the assistant engineer.
John Hanes mixed the song at Mixstar Studios in Virginia Beach and Phil Seaford was the mixing assistant.
The programming, additional bass, keys, acoustic guitars and the background vocals were provided by Shellback and Blanco.
Jeremy "Jbogs" Levin and David "D Silb" Silberstein served as production coordinators.
Khalifa appears as courtesy of Rostrum Records.
"Payphone" was released as a lead single from "Overexposed".
On April 17, 2012, it was digitally released in most territories.
A&M/Octone Records serviced the song to contemporary hit radio in the United States on April 24.
A CD single containing the album version of the song together with a Thomas Penton/Barry Huffine remix was released on June 8 in Germany.
Article: Periodic table
Section: Mendeleev's table

Question: How did Mendeleec's periodic table predict the properties of elements that hadn't been found yet?

Russian chemistry professor Dmitri Mendeleev and German chemist Julius Lothar Meyer independently published their periodic tables in 1869 and 1870, respectively.
Mendeleev's table was his first published version; that of Meyer was an expanded version of his (Meyer's) table of 1864.
They both constructed their tables by listing the elements in rows or columns in order of atomic weight and starting a new row or column when the characteristics of the elements began to repeat.
The recognition and acceptance afforded to Mendeleev's table came from two decisions he made.
The first was to leave gaps in the table when it seemed that the corresponding element had not yet been discovered.
Mendeleev was not the first chemist to do so, but he was the first to be recognized as using the trends in his periodic table to predict the properties of those missing elements, such as gallium and germanium.
The second decision was to occasionally ignore the order suggested by the atomic weights and switch adjacent elements, such as tellurium and iodine, to better classify them into chemical families.
With the development of theories of atomic structure, it became apparent that Mendeleev had unintentionally listed the elements in order of increasing atomic number or nuclear charge.
The significance of atomic numbers to the organization of the periodic table was not appreciated until the existence and properties of protons and neutrons became understood.
Mendeleev's periodic tables used atomic weight instead of atomic number to organize the elements, information determinable to fair precision in his time.
Atomic weight worked well enough in most cases to (as noted) give a presentation that was able to predict the properties of missing elements more accurately than any other method then known.
Substitution of atomic numbers, once understood, gave a definitive, integer-based sequence for the elements, still used today even as new synthetic elements are being produced and studied.
Article: The Cabin in the Woods
Section: Box office

Question: What year was the opening of "The Cabin in the Woods" in America?

Box office.
"The Cabin in the Woods" earned $42,073,277 in North America, along with $23,829,690 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $65,902,967.
It is currently the 90th highest grossing film of 2012 internationally, 79th domestically.
The film opened in North America on April 13, 2012, opening with $5.5 million and went on to gross $14.7 million in its opening weekend in the United States at 2,811 theaters, taking the number three spot.
"The Cabin in the Woods" closed in theaters on July 12, 2012 with $42.0 million.
In total earnings, its highest-grossing countries after North America were the United Kingdom ($8.5 million), France ($2.4 million) and Russia ($2.3 million).
Article: Medicine
Section: Criticism of modern medicine

Question: What is modern medicine's main problem?

According to Paul Farmer, the main problem for modern medicine is lack of access in poor regions.
There is an "outcome gap" between the rich and poor that is most noticeable with expensive-to-treat diseases like AIDS and tuberculosis.
The majority of medical resources and therapies are concentrated in the rich, low-incidence regions such as the West.
On the other hand, countries in the developing world have high rates of HIV but lack the necessary resources to treat them.
Medical errors and overmedication and other forms of iatrogenesis (harms caused by medical treatment) are also the focus of complaints and negative coverage.
Practitioners of human factors engineering believe that there is much that medicine may usefully gain by emulating concepts in aviation safety, where it is recognized that it is dangerous to place too much responsibility on one "superhuman" individual and expect him or her not to make errors.
Reporting systems and checking mechanisms are becoming more common in identifying sources of error and improving practice.
Clinical versus statistical, algorithmic diagnostic methods were famously examined in psychiatric practice in a 1954 book by Paul E. Meehl, which found statistical methods superior.
A 2000 meta-analysis comparing these methods in both psychology and medicine found that statistical or "mechanical" diagnostic methods were, in general, although not always, superior.
Disparities in quality of care given among local demographics are often an additional cause of controversy.
For example, elderly mentally ill patients received poorer care during hospitalization in a 2008 study.
Rural poor African-American men were used in an infamous study of syphilis that denied them basic medical care.
Article: Teen Wolf
Section: Plot

Question: In Teen Wolf, who is the girl of Scott Howard's dreams?

Seventeen-year-old high school student Scott Howard is sick of being average and wishing he were special.
His father runs a local hardware store.
Scott plays basketball for his high school's team, the Beavers, with a not-so-good win-loss record.
The girl of his dreams, Pamela Wells, is dating Mick McAllister, a jerk from an opposing high school team, the Dragons.
After another of the team's losses, Scott begins to notice strange changes to his body.
While at a party, Scott keeps undergoing changes and eventually he returns home, locks himself in the bathroom, and undergoes a complete change and becomes a werewolf, while his father demands that he open the door.
He tries to refuse, only to finally give in and find his father has also transformed.
Harold never told his son about the condition because "sometimes it skips a generation" and he was hoping it would not happen to Scott.
Scott accidentally reveals his transformation to the public at one of his basketball games.
After momentarily stunning the crowd with The Wolf, Scott goes on to amaze them with his basketball skills.
Scott subsequently learns to use his family "curse" to gain popularity at school, becoming the team's star basketball player, and learns to transform at will between his normal self and The Wolf.
His team goes from last to first, and Scott begins spending most of his time at school as The Wolf.
He also wins the interest of Pamela while ignoring the affections of his best friend, Boof, who has loved him since childhood.
One night at a school dance, however, he gets into a confrontation with Mick causing Scott to become The Wolf and claw Mick.
Though Mick isn't seriously injured, the crowd starts looking at Scott as a monster rather than the cool basketball star he had become.
The conclusion of the film finds Scott playing in the championship basketball game as himself against Mick's team.
During the game Mick constantly fouls Scott leading Scott to remind him if he keeps fouling he will be benched.
Mick fouls him one last time leading Scott to shoot two free throws.
He makes both baskets putting the Beavers ahead and wins the game.
While Scott is being carried by the crowd, Pamela walks over to him, but he snubs her and runs over to Boof where they kiss.
Mick goes to get Pamela, who now has lost interest in the former basketball hero.
The last scene shows Scott, Boof, and Mr. Howard embracing as the whole school celebrates.
Article: Germany
Section: Media

Question: When started German cinema?

German cinema dates back to the earliest years of the medium, it has made major technical and artistic contributions to film, as with the work of Max Skladanowsky, who showed the first film sequences ever to an audience, in 1895.
Early German cinema was particularly influential with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau.
Director Fritz Lang's "Metropolis" (1927) is referred to as the first modern science-fiction film.
In 1930 Josef von Sternberg directed "The Blue Angel", the first major German sound film.
During the 1970s and 1980s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, and Rainer Werner Fassbinder put West German cinema on the international stage.
The annual European Film Awards ceremony is held every other year in Berlin, home of the European Film Academy (EFA); the Berlin Film Festival, held annually since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film festivals.
In the 21st century, several German movies have had international success, such as "Nowhere in Africa" (2001), "Das Experiment" (2001), "Good Bye, Lenin!"
(2003), "Gegen die Wand (Head-On)" (2004), "Der Untergang (Downfall)" (2004), "" (2006), "The Baader Meinhof Complex" (2008), "The Wave" (2008), "The White Ribbon" (2009), "Pandorum" (2009), "Soul Kitchen" (2009), Animals United" (2010), "Combat Girls" (2011) and "Cloud Atlas" (2012).
The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to the German production "Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum)" in 1979, to "Nowhere in Africa" in 2002, and to "Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others)" in 2007.
Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, with some 34 million TV households.
Around 90% of German households have cable or satellite TV, with a variety of free-to-view public and commercial channels.
The most watched television broadcast of all-time in Germany was the Germany vs Spain semi-fnal game of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Nine out of ten of the top ten most watched television broadcasts of all-time in Germany feature the German national football team.
The German video gaming market is one of the largest in the world.
The Gamescom in Cologne is Europe's leading gaming convention.
Popular game series from Germany include Turrican, the Anno series, The Settlers series, the Gothic series, SpellForce, the X series, the FIFA Manager series, Far Cry and Crysis.
The most relevant game developers and publishers are Ascaron, Bigpoint, Blue Byte, Crytek, Deck13, Deep Silver, EA Phenomic, Gameforge, Nintendo Europe, Piranha Bytes, Radon, Related, Spellbound and Wooga.
Article: Gangnam Style
Section: Miscellaneous

Question: What song was ranked 8th on CNN's list in 2012?

The music video came in first with 21% rating in the 2012 Billboard.com's readers poll, beating "Where Have You Been" by Rihanna (19%) and "Beauty and a Beat" by Justin Bieber featuring Nicki Minaj (11%).
The song was the most popular song played on New Year's Eve and the most sung song on the day, leaving "Auld Lang Syne" in second place for the first time since 2005, on karaoke company Lucky Voice's online service in the United Kingdom.
CNN readers picked "Gangnam Style" as the eighth best song of 2012.
"The Week" (US edition) ranked the song's global popularity at No.
6 with the strapline "'Gangnam Style' takes over the world" on the 13 biggest pop culture moments of the year list.
The phenomenon of the song and the video was also picked as one of the 2012's most viral moments in music by Wendy Geller of Yahoo!
Music, and No.
2 on the 2012 top 20 music moments list after Whitney Houston's passing by "Billboard", being written "If there's one meme, song and face that has been truly inescapable in the second half of 2012, it's South Korean rapper Psy and his outrageous 'Gangnam Style'."
Article: The Lion King
Section: Box office

Question: What was the domestic box office total for The Lion King?

Box office.
"The Lion King" earned $422,783,777 in North America and an $564,700,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $987,483,777.
It is the ninteenth highest-grossing film, the third-highest-grossing animated film of all time worldwide and the second highest-grossing film of Walt Disney Animation Studios (behind "Frozen)".
It is also the highest-grossing motion picture of 1994 worldwide.
After its initial run, having earned $768.6 million, it ranked as the second-highest grossing film of all time worldwide, behind "Jurassic Park" .
It held the record for the highest-grossing animated feature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by the computer animated "Finding Nemo" (2003), "Shrek 2" (2004), "" (2009), "Toy Story 3" (2010), and "Frozen" (2013).
During its 3D re-release, "The Lion King" surpassed all the afomentioned films but "Toy Story 3" to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide, and the highest-grossing hand-drawn animation.
It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance.
Article: Nigeria
Section: Ethno-linguistic groups

Question: Where do most minorities in Nigeria reside?

Nigeria has more than 250 ethnic groups, with varying languages and customs, creating a country of rich ethnic diversity.
The largest ethnic groups are the Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo and Fulani, accounting for more than 70% of the population, while the Edo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Ibibio, Ebira, Nupe, Gwari, Itsekiri, Jukun, Urhobo, Igala, Idoma and Tiv comprise between 25 and 30%; other minorities make up the remaining 5%.
The middle belt of Nigeria is known for its diversity of ethnic groups, including the Pyem, Goemai, and Kofyar.
The official population count of each of Nigeria's ethnicities has always remained controversial and disputed as members of different ethnic groups believe the census is rigged to give a particular group (usually believed to be northern groups) numerical superiority.
There are small minorities of British, American, East Indian, Chinese (est.
50,000), white Zimbabwean, Japanese, Greek, Syrian and Lebanese immigrants in Nigeria.
Immigrants also include those from other West African or East African nations.
These minorities mostly reside in major cities such as Lagos and Abuja, or in the Niger Delta as employees for the major oil companies.
A number of Cubans settled in Nigeria as political refugees following the Cuban Revolution.
In the middle of the 19th century, a number of ex-slaves of Afro-Cuban and Afro-Brazilian descent and emigrants from Sierra Leone established communities in Lagos and other regions of Nigeria.
Many ex-slaves came to Nigeria following the emancipation of slaves in the Americas.
Many of the immigrants, sometimes called Saros (immigrants from Sierra Leone) and Amaro (ex-slaves from Brazil) later became prominent merchants and missionaries in these cities.
Article: Moves like Jagger
Section: Critical reception

Question: Who called that concept very flattering

Bill Lamb from About.com gave the song a positive review, giving the single four-and-a-half out of five stars.
Lamb wrote that, "The funky, whistle driven melody here is loose, light, and irresistibly funky.
The punchy guest vocal from fellow judge Christina Aguilera is simply icing on the cake.
There is a real vocal chemistry between Aguilera and Levine."
Lamb called the song an "outstanding summer song", writing that "It is light, danceable, and would sound great in the car with the top down."
Robbie Daw from Idolator wrote that "It takes a full two minutes and 15 seconds for Christina's soulful pipes to begin trilling on "Moves like Jagger."
But once she does, she immediately steals the show."
Daw concluded by writing that "this is the best thing from either of these two in years.
"While naming the song "a contender for 2011's song of the summer", James Dinh from MTV Newsroom wrote that "Adam Levine and Christina Aguilera have turned their friendly rivalry on NBC's "The Voice" into some studio chemistry."
Scott Schelter from Pop Crush awarded "Moves like Jagger" four-and-a-half out of five stars.
Schelter called the song "danceable and fun" and wrote that "the song would've been great even without Aguilera, but her fiery cameo makes it that much better."
Robert Copsey wrote for Digital Spy: " "Take me by the tongue and I'll know you/ Kiss me till you're drunk and I'll show you," Ad insists over a funky, finger-clicking bassline and an irresistible whistle hook that immediately burrows deep into the recesses of your brain.
"If I share my secret/ You're gonna have to keep it," Xtina says on her short, sweet and perfectly-formed cameo.
We've already got your number, love, but our surprise is still 100% genuine.
"Jagger himself acknowledged the song in an interview, calling the concept "very flattering."
Article: Nucleic acid sequence
Section: Notation

Question: What is the most common modified base in RNA?

While A, T, C, and G represent a particular nucleotide at a position, there are also letters that represent ambiguity which are used when more than one kind of nucleotide could occur at that position.
The rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are as follows:
A = adenine
C = cytosine
G = guanine
T = thymine
R = G A (purine)
Y = T C (pyrimidine)
K = G T (keto)
M = A C (amino)
S = G C (strong bonds)
W = A T (weak bonds)
B = G T C (all but A)
D = G A T (all but C)
H = A C T (all but G)
V = G C A (all but T)
N = A G C T (any)
These symbols are also valid for RNA, except with U (uracil) replacing T (thymine).
Apart from adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and uracil (U), DNA and RNA also contain bases that have been modified after the nucleic acid chain has been formed.
In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytidine (m5C).
In RNA, there are many modified bases, including pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), inosine (I), ribothymidine (rT) and 7-methylguanosine (m7G).
Hypoxanthine and xanthine are two of the many bases created through mutagen presence, both of them through deamination (replacement of the amine-group with a carbonyl-group).
Hypoxanthine is produced from adenine, xanthine from guanine.
Similarly, deamination of cytosine results in uracil.