community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Body of Proof
Section: Overview and production

Question: What actress plays Dr. Megan Hunt?

The series stars Dana Delany as Dr. Megan Hunt, a medical examiner.
The show focuses on Hunt's efforts to balance the demands of her professional life, dealing with solving cases and analyzing bodies, with her personal life, trying to reconnect with her estranged daughter.
Hunt was a top-flight neurosurgeon, until she had a life-changing automobile accident and then accidentally killed a patient on the operating table.
This resulted in her resignation, and retirement from the profession altogether.
Though set in Philadelphia, the first season of "Body of Proof" was filmed in Providence, Rhode Island and some other locations including Woonsocket and Warwick, Rhode Island.
The series was originally titled "Body of Evidence" but was later renamed "Body of Proof".
It was announced that the second season of the show would be filmed in Los Angeles to take advantage of a $7 million tax credit.
"Body of Proof" is the third ABC television series starring Dana Delany in a main character role, the first being the role of Colleen McMurphy in "China Beach" and the second being Katherine Mayfair in "Desperate Housewives".
While filming, real life technical advisers made sure that the procedures were correct.
Jeri Ryan said, "We've got technical advisers that will be with us on set, so we can keep all of science realistic".
Article: Before Midnight (film)
Section: Cast

Question: Which actor plays Hank in the film Before Midnight?

 Ethan Hawke as Jesse
 Julie Delpy as Céline
 Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick as Hank
 Jennifer Prior as Ella
 Charlotte Prior as Nina
 Xenia Kalogeropoulou as Natalia
 Walter Lassally as Patrick
 Ariane Labed as Anna
 Yiannis Papadopoulos as Achilleas
 Athina Rachel Tsangari as Ariadni
 Panos Koronis as Stefanos
Article: Treaty of Versailles
Section: Occupation

Question: What is the name of the treaty that called for an immediate evacuation of German troops from Belgium, France, and Luxembourg within fifteen days and established that Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland?

The terms of the armistice called for an immediate evacuation of German troops from Belgium, France, and Luxembourg within fifteen days.
In addition, it established that Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland.
In late 1918, Allied troops entered Germany and began the occupation.
Article: American Gothic
Section: Abstract

Question: Who were the main subjects modeled after in the famous "American Gothic" painting?

American Gothic is a painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Wood's inspiration came from what is now known as the American Gothic House, and his decision to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house."
The painting shows a farmer standing beside his spinster daughter.
The figures were modeled by the artist's sister and their dentist.
The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the couple are in the traditional roles of men and women, the man's pitchfork symbolizing hard labor, and the flowers over the woman's right shoulder suggesting domesticity.
It is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art, and has been widely parodied in American popular culture.
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Promotion and release

Question: What late night show did Snow Patrol perform the song on?

Snow Patrol played "Chasing Cars" on an appearance on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien".
The song was also performed as the last live performance on long-running music programme "Top of the Pops".
The band also performed the song when they were the musical guest on the 17 March 2007 episode of "Saturday Night Live", hosted by Julia Louis-Dreyfus.
Additionally, the band played the song live in their appearance at Live Earth.
On 7 July 2007, this song was performed during the London leg of the Live Earth concert at Wembley Stadium and at Oxegen later on that night in Ireland.
"Chasing Cars" was heard on the TV show "One Tree Hill'"s third season finale episode "The Show Must Go On", which aired in the US on 3 May 2006.
Several weeks later, the song appeared on the second season finale of "Grey's Anatomy" on 15 May 2006, and the song found a larger listening audience and pushed its way onto the download and pop charts in the United States.
The song was made into a music video for the show, serving as a promotion for its third season.
The music video shows scenes from the first and second seasons as well as previously unseen scenes from the third season, with clips in-between from the UK music video of the song.
It was heard again in the eighteenth episode of the show's seventh season on 31 March 2011, along with the cast's cover of Brandi Carlile's "The Story" and The Fray's "How to Save a Life".
Article: Space Needle
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the weight of the Space Needle?

The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest, and a symbol of Seattle.
Built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 World's Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors, nearly 20,000 people a day used its elevators.
Once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, it is high, wide, and weighs 9,550 tons.
It is built to withstand winds of up to and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude, as strong as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.
It also has 25 lightning rods.
It has an observation deck at and a gift shop with the rotating SkyCity restaurant at .
From the top of the Needle, one can see not only the downtown Seattle skyline but also the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay, and surrounding islands.
Photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle prominently, above the rest of the skyscrapers and Mount Rainier.
Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at .
The trip takes 41 seconds, and some tourists wait in hour-long lines.
On windy days, the elevators slow to .
On April 19, 1999, the city's Landmarks Preservation Board designated it a historic landmark.
Article: Taekwondo
Section: Other organizations

Question: When did the Commonwealth Games adopt Taekwondo as a sport?

American Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear are allowed.
Apart from WTF and ITF tournaments, major taekwondo competitions (all featuring WTF taekwondo only) include:
 Olympic Games
 Universiade
 Asian Games
 South East Asian Games
 South Asian Games
WTF taekwondo features in all multi-sport games except the Small Island Games.
It was accepted as a Commonwealth Games sport in June 2010.
Article: Biology
Section: Homeostasis

Question: what is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the ability of an open system to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms.
All living organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular, exhibit homeostasis.
To maintain dynamic equilibrium and effectively carry out certain functions, a system must detect and respond to perturbations.
After the detection of a perturbation, a biological system normally responds through negative feedback.
This means stabilizing conditions by either reducing or increasing the activity of an organ or system.
One example is the release of glucagon when sugar levels are too low.
Article: The Night Watch
Section: Cultural legacy

Question: Who does the cover illustrator pay tribute to on The Night Watch?

 The work has inspired musical works in both the classical and rock traditions, including the second movement of Gustav Mahler's 7th Symphony and Ayreon's "The Shooting Company of Captain Frans B. Cocq" from "".
 Alexander Korda's 1936 biographical film "Rembrandt" depicts the painting, shown in error in its truncated form, as a failure at its completion, perceived as lampooning its outraged subjects.
 In King Crimson's song "The Night Watch", on its 1974 album "Starless and Bible Black", the lyricist Richard Palmer-James muses on the painting to capture a key period in Dutch history, when, after a long period of “Spanish Wars,” the merchants and other members of the bourgeoisie can turn their lives inward and focus on the tangible results of their lives’ efforts.
The song adopts a number of perspectives, including the primary subjects and the artist himself, and paints a mini-portrait of the emergence of the modern upper-middle class and the consumerist culture.
However, the song presents this portrait with a deft touch, and while not fully approving, is sympathetic in tone.
 In Jean-Luc Godard's 1982 film, "Passion", "The Night Watch" is reenacted with live actors in an opening shot.
Godard explicitly compares his film to Rembrandt's painting, describing them both as "full of holes and badly-filled spaces."
He instructs the viewer not to focus on the overall composition, but to approach his film as one would a Rembrandt and "focus on the faces.
"
 "The Night Watch" is a major plot device in the eponymous 1995-film, Night Watch, which focuses on the painting's theft.
 "The Night Watch" is parodied on the British cover of Terry Pratchett's 2002 book by the same name.
The cover illustrator, Paul Kidby, pays tribute to Rembrandt by placing him in the picture, in the position where Rembrandt is said to have painted himself.
 "The Night Watch" is the subject of a 2007-film by director Peter Greenaway called "Nightwatching", in which the film posits a conspiracy within the musketeer regiment of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch, and suggests that Rembrandt may have immortalized a conspiracy theory using subtle allegory in his group portrait of the regiment, subverting what was to have been a highly prestigious commission for both painter and subject.
His 2008 film "Rembrandt's J'Accuse" is a sequel or follow-on, and covers the same idea, using extremely detailed analysis of the compositional elements in the painting; in this Greenaway describes "The Night Watch" as (currently) the fourth most famous painting in the Western world, after the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
 In 2006 "The Night Watch" has inspired the literary work A Ronda da Noite by the famous Portuguese writer Agustina Bessa Luís.
Article: Gravity (film)
Section: Cast

Question: Who played Dr. Ryan Stone in the movie "Gravity"?

 Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone, a medical engineer and mission specialist who is on her first space mission.
 George Clooney as Lieutenant Matt Kowalski; the commander of the team.
Kowalski is a veteran astronaut planning to retire after the "Explorer" expedition.
He enjoys telling stories about himself and joking with his team, and is determined to protect the lives of his fellow astronauts.
 Ed Harris (voice) as Mission Control in Houston, Texas.
 Orto Ignatiussen (voice) as Aningaaq, a Greenlandic Inuit fisherman who intercepts one of Stone's transmissions.
Aningaaq also appears in a self-titled short written and directed by "Gravity" co-writer Jonás Cuarón, which depicts the conversation between him and Stone from his perspective.
 Phaldut Sharma (voice) as Shariff Dasari, the flight engineer on board the "Explorer".
 Amy Warren (voice) as the captain of "Explorer".
 Basher Savage (voice) as the captain of the International Space Station.
Article: Golf
Section: Rules and regulations

Question: What is USGA? or Expand USGA?

The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).
The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.
As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:
"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.
"
There are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.
Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.
However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.
In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.
Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.
Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.
Article: Chocolate
Section: Conching

Question: Before conching, what is the texture of chocolate?

The penultimate process is called "conching".
A conche is a container filled with metal beads, which act as grinders.
The refined and blended chocolate mass is kept in a liquid state by frictional heat.
Chocolate prior to conching has an uneven and gritty texture.
The conching process produces cocoa and sugar particles smaller than the tongue can detect, hence the smooth feel in the mouth.
The length of the conching process determines the final smoothness and quality of the chocolate.
High-quality chocolate is conched for about 72 hours, lesser grades about four to six hours.
After the process is complete, the chocolate mass is stored in tanks heated to approximately until final processing.
Article: Snorkeling
Section: Abstract

Question: What is it called when a person uses a diving mask, snorkel and fins, to swim through a body of water?

Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a snorkel, and usually fins.
In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.
Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods of time with relatively little effort.
Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort and scuba diving locations.
The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.
It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.
It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.
Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams.
Article: Vietnam War
Section: Popular culture

Question: What two films made in the 2000's were based on the vietnam war?

The Vietnam War has been featured extensively in television, film, video games, and literature in the participant countries.
In American popular culture, the "Crazy Vietnam Veteran", driven mad or otherwise disturbed by his experiences in Vietnam, became a common stock character after the war.
One of the first major films based on the Vietnam War was John Wayne's pro-war film, "The Green Berets" (1968).
Further cinematic representations were released during the 1970s and 1980s, including Michael Cimino's "The Deer Hunter" (1978), Francis Ford Coppola's "Apocalypse Now" (1979), Oliver Stone's "Platoon" (1986) — based on his service in the U.S. Military during the Vietnam War, Stanley Kubrick's "Full Metal Jacket" (1987), "Hamburger Hill" (1987), and "Casualties of War" (1989).
Later films would include "We Were Soldiers" (2002) and "Rescue Dawn" (2007).
The war also influenced a generation of musicians and songwriters in Vietnam and the United States, both anti-war and pro/anti-communist.
The band Country Joe and the Fish recorded "I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-To-Die Rag" / The "Fish" Cheer in 1965, and it became one of the most influential anti-Vietnam protest anthems.
Trinh Cong Son was a South Vietnamese songwriter famous for his anti-war songs.
Article: Pakistan
Section: Kashmir conflict

Question: On what legal grounds does India claim the region of Kashmir?

The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, the most northwesterly region of South Asia.
The two countries have fought at least three wars over Kashmir—the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999—and several skirmishes over the Siachen Glacier.
India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and administers approximately 45.1% of the region, including most of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, and the Siachen Glacier.
India's claim is contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 38.2% of Kashmir, consisting of Azad Kashmir and the northern areas of Gilgit and Baltistan.
The conflict of Kashmir has its origin in 1947, when British India was separated into the two states of Pakistan and India.
As part of the partition process, both countries had agreed that the rulers of princely states would be allowed to opt for membership of either Pakistan or India, or in special cases to remain independent.
India claims Kashmir on the basis of the Instrument of Accession, a legal agreement with Kashmir's leaders executed by Maharaja Hari Singh, then ruler of Kashmir, agreeing to accede the area to India.
Pakistan claims Kashmir on the basis of a Muslim majority and of geography, the same principles that were applied for the creation of the two independent states.
India referred the dispute to the United Nations on 1 January 1948.
In a resolution in 1948, the UN asked Pakistan to remove most of its troops.
A plebiscite would then be held.
However, Pakistan failed to vacate the region.
A ceasefire was reached in 1949 and a Line of Control was established, dividing Kashmir between the two countries.
Pakistan's position is that the people of Jammu and Kashmir have the right to determine their future through impartial elections as mandated by the United Nations.
India has stated that it believes that Kashmir is an integral part of India, referring to the 1972 Simla Agreement and to the fact that elections take place regularly.
Certain Kashmiri independence groups believe that Kashmir should be independent of both India and Pakistan.
Article: Despicable Me
Section: Video games

Question: Who developed the game "Despicable Me: Minion Rush"?

A video game titled "Despicable Me: The Game" was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and Wii.
A Nintendo DS version was released under the name "Despicable Me: Minion Mayhem".
Namco also released a version for the iPhone and iPad platform entitled "Despicable Me: Minion Mania", developed by Anino Games.
An application for iOSs and Androids was also released under the name "Despicable Me: Minion Rush".
It was developed by Gameloft and made available to the public in 2013.
Article: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Section: Abstract

Question: Why did the tower's tilt begin during construction?

The Leaning Tower of Pisa () or simply the Tower of Pisa ("Torre di Pisa") is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt to one side.
It is situated behind the Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square ("Piazza del Duomo") after the Cathedral and the Baptistry.
The tower's tilt began during construction, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight.
The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed, and gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
The height of the tower is from the ground on the low side and on the high side.
The width of the walls at the base is .
Its weight is estimated at .
The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase.
Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees, but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees.
This means that the top of the tower is displaced horizontally from where it would be if the structure were perfectly vertical.
Article: DNA
Section: Information storage

Question: How much data in kilobytes was the group able to encode?

In a paper published in Nature in January, 2013, scientists from the European Bioinformatics Institute and Agilent Technologies proposed a mechanism to use DNA's ability to code information as a means of digital data storage.
The group was able to encode 739 kilobytes of data into DNA code, synthesize the actual DNA, then sequence the DNA and decode the information back to its original form, with a reported 100% accuracy.
The encoded information consisted of text files and audio files.
A prior experiment was published in August 2012.
It was conducted by researchers at Harvard University, where the text of a 54,000-word book was encoded in DNA.
Article: Space Race
Section: Rocket teams assembled

Question: When was Sergei Korolev arrested?

The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation.
On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems.
The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Korolev.
He had been involved in space clubs and early Soviet rocket design in the 1930s, but was arrested in 1938 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge and imprisoned for six years in Siberia.
After the war, he became the USSR's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer, essentially the Soviet counterpart to von Braun.
His identity was kept a state secret throughout the Cold War, and he was identified publicly only as "the Chief Designer."
In the West, his name was only officially revealed when he died in 1966.
After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about northwest of Moscow.
They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers.
They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on "organizational schemes"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the "layout" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components.
With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948.
Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949.
The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53.
In America, Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945.
They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation.
These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer space, and the first two-stage rocket, the WAC Corporal-V2 combination, in 1949.
The German rocket team was moved from Fort Bliss to the Army's new Redstone Arsenal, located in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1950.
From here, Von Braun and his team would develop the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that would, in slightly modified versions, launch both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions.
It became the basis for both the Jupiter and Saturn family of rockets.