community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Bourbon Street
Section: Impact of Hurricane Katrina

Question: What was the total of tourists in 2009?

Given Bourbon Street's high ground location in the French Quarter, it was mostly intact following 2005's Hurricane Katrina.
A major tourist attraction, Bourbon Street renovation was given high priority after the storm.
Despite these efforts, New Orleans was still experiencing a dearth of visitors.
In 2004, a year before Katrina, the city had 10.1 million visitors.
A year after the storm, that number was 3.7 million.
Attempts to draw tourists back to the city were undertaken by the New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation that featured Louisiana celebrities such as chef Emeril Lagasse and actress Patricia Clarkson with the slogan "Come Fall In Love With Louisiana All Over Again."
Attracting tourists was vital, as one third of the city's operating budget, approximately $6 billion, came from the tourism industry.
Officials saw tourists as vital for economic recovery in the city.
A major impedance for tourists were the mixed messages regarding the city's level of recovery.
Advertising campaigns gave the impression that the city was thriving.
At the same time, New Orleans was asking for increased federal assistance and National Guardsmen to combat crime waves in the city.
The tourism industry received a boom when the 2006 Mardi Gras went off without a hitch.
Popular Bourbon Street restaurants, such as Galatoire's, reopened around this time as well.
Reopening and rebuilding of popular tourist attractions led to a surge in post-Katrina tourists.
By 2009, the city attracted 7.9 million tourists.
Article: Invasion of Poland
Section: Abstract

Question: What were the dates of the German invasion on Poland during WWII?

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War or the Fourth Partition of Poland (Polish: "Kampania wrześniowa" or "Wojna obronna 1939 roku" or "IV rozbiór Polski") in Poland and the Poland Campaign (German: "Polenfeldzug") or Fall Weiß (Case White) in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe.
The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September 1939 following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement which terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities (Nomonhan incident) in the east on 16 September 1939.
The campaign ended on 6 October 1939 with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland.
The morning after the Gleiwitz incident, German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west.
As the Germans advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the Polish–German border to more established lines of defence to the east.
After the mid-September Polish defeat in the Battle of the Bzura, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage.
Polish forces then withdrew to the southeast where they prepared for a long defence of the Romanian Bridgehead and awaited expected support and relief from France and the United Kingdom.
The two countries had pacts with Poland and had declared war on Germany on 3 September, though in the end their aid to Poland in the September campaign was very limited.
The Soviet Red Army's invasion of Eastern Poland on 17 September, in accordance with a secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, rendered the Polish plan of defence obsolete.
Facing a second front, the Polish government concluded the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania.
On 6 October, following the Polish defeat at the Battle of Kock, German and Soviet forces gained full control over Poland.
The success of the invasion marked the end of the Second Polish Republic, though Poland never formally surrendered.
On 8 October, after an initial period of military administration, Germany directly annexed western Poland and the former Free City of Danzig and placed the remaining block of territory under the administration of the newly established General Government.
The Soviet Union incorporated its newly acquired areas into its constituent Belarusian and Ukrainian republics, and immediately started a campaign of sovietization.
In the aftermath of the invasion, a collective of underground resistance organizations formed the Polish Underground State within the territory of the former Polish state.
Many of the military exiles that managed to escape Poland subsequently joined the Polish Armed Forces in the West, an armed force loyal to the Polish government in exile.
Article: Stonehenge
Section: Stonehenge 3 IV (2280 BC to 1930 BC)

Question: in what way was stonehenge arranged?

 3 IV (2280 BC to 1930 BC).
This phase saw further rearrangement of the bluestones.
They were arranged in a circle between the two rings of sarsens and in an oval at the centre of the inner ring.
Some archaeologists argue that some of these bluestones were from a second group brought from Wales.
All the stones formed well-spaced uprights without any of the linking lintels inferred in Stonehenge 3 III.
The Altar Stone may have been moved within the oval at this time and re-erected vertically.
Although this would seem the most impressive phase of work, Stonehenge 3 IV was rather shabbily built compared to its immediate predecessors, as the newly re-installed bluestones were not well-founded and began to fall over.
However, only minor changes were made after this phase.
Article: The Lord of the Rings
Section: Publication history

Question: When did Tolien demad the book was published (LotR)

A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950.
Tolkien intended "The Silmarillion" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with "The Lord of the Rings," but A&U were unwilling to do this.
After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that "The Lord of the Rings" itself "urgently wanted cutting", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952.
Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff.
"For publication, the book was divided into three volumes: "The Fellowship of the Ring" (Books I, "The Ring Sets Out", and II, "The Ring Goes South"), "The Two Towers" (Books III, "The Treason of Isengard", and IV, "The Ring Goes East"), and "The Return of the King" (Books V, "The War of the Ring", and VI, "The End of the Third Age", plus six appendices).
This was due largely to post-war paper shortages, as well as being a way to keep down the price of the book.
Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to the volumes being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954, on 11 November 1954 and on 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, and slightly later in the United States.
"The Return of the King" was especially delayed.
Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title "The Return of the King", believing it gave away too much of the storyline.
He had originally suggested "The War of the Ring", which was dismissed by his publishers.
The books were published under a profit-sharing arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits.
It has ultimately become the second best-selling novel ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.
Only "A Tale of Two Cities" by Charles Dickens has sold more copies worldwide (over 200 million) while the fourth best-selling novel is Tolkien's "The Hobbit".
Article: Toy Story
Section: Soundtrack

Question: Who wrote the soundtrack for the original Toy Story movie?

The soundtrack for "Toy Story" was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film's release.
Scored and written by Randy Newman, the soundtrack has received praise for its "sprightly, stirring score".
Despite the album's critical success, the soundtrack only peaked at number 94 on the "Billboard" 200 album chart.
A cassette and CD single release of "You've Got a Friend in Me" was released on April 12, 1996, in order to promote the soundtrack's release.
The soundtrack was remastered in 2006 and although it is no longer available physically, the album is available for purchase digitally in retailers such as iTunes.
Tracklisting
Charts
Article: Pike Place Market
Section: Victor Steinbrueck Park

Question: In which year did Victor Steinbrueck pass away?

Victor Steinbrueck Park directly north of the market was originally Market Park.
From about 1909 the site held an armory, which was damaged by fire in 1962.
The land was taken over by the city in 1968, and the remnant of the armory was razed.
In 1970 the land passed to park usage.
The resulting Market Park was majorly redesigned in 1982.
After Steinbrueck's 1985 death, it was renamed after the architect who was instrumental in the market's preservation.
Article: Nucleic acid sequence
Section: Abstract

Question: Which direction defines a nucleic acid sequence?

A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.
By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end to the 3' end.
Because nucleic acids are normally linear (unbranched) polymers, specifying the sequence is equivalent to defining the covalent structure of the entire molecule.
For this reason, the nucleic acid sequence is also termed the primary structure.
The sequence has capacity to represent information.
Biological DNA represents the information which directs the functions of a living thing.
In that context, the term genetic sequence is often used.
Sequences can be read from the biological raw material through DNA sequencing methods.
Nucleic acids also have a secondary structure and tertiary structure.
Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly referred to as "primary sequence".
Conversely, there is no parallel concept of secondary or tertiary sequence.
Article: Aurora
Section: Auroral mechanism

Question: How are auroras created?

l mechanism.
Auroras are associated with the solar wind, a flow of ions continuously flowing outward from the Sun.
The Earth's magnetic field traps these particles, many of which travel toward the poles where they are accelerated toward Earth.
Collisions between these ions and atmospheric atoms and molecules cause energy releases in the form of auroras appearing in large circles around the poles.
Auroras are more frequent and brighter during the intense phase of the solar cycle when coronal mass ejections increase the intensity of the solar wind.
Auroras result from emissions of photons in the Earth's upper atmosphere, above , from ionized nitrogen molecules regaining an electron, and oxygen atoms and nitrogen molecules returning from an excited state to ground state.
They are ionized or excited by the collision of solar wind and magnetospheric particles being funneled down and accelerated along the Earth's magnetic field lines; excitation energy is lost by the emission of a photon, or by collision with another atom or molecule:
oxygen emissions: green or brownish-red, depending on the amount of energy absorbed.
nitrogen emissions: blue or red; blue if the atom regains an electron after it has been ionized, red if returning to ground state from an excited state.
Oxygen is unusual in terms of its return to ground state: it can take three quarters of a second to emit green light and up to two minutes to emit red.
Collisions with other atoms or molecules absorb the excitation energy and prevent emission.
Because the very top of the atmosphere has a higher percentage of oxygen and is sparsely distributed such collisions are rare enough to allow time for oxygen to emit red.
Collisions become more frequent progressing down into the atmosphere, so that red emissions do not have time to happen, and eventually even green light emissions are prevented.
This is why there is a color differential with altitude; at high altitude oxygen red dominates, then oxygen green and nitrogen blue/red, then finally nitrogen blue/red when collisions prevent oxygen from emitting anything.
Green is the most common of all auroras.
Behind it is pink, a mixture of light green and red, followed by pure red, yellow (a mixture of red and green), and finally, pure blue.
Article: Chernobyl disaster
Section: The United Nations Development Programme

Question: What is the launch date of the Chernobyl Recover and Development Programme?

The United Nations Development Programme has launched in 2003 a specific project called the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme (CRDP) for the recovery of the affected areas.
The programme was initiated in February 2002 based on the recommendations in the report on Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident.
The main goal of the CRDP's activities is supporting the Government of Ukraine in mitigating long-term social, economic, and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe.
CRDP works in the four most Chernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine: Kyivska, Zhytomyrska, Chernihivska and Rivnenska.
Article: What Makes You Beautiful
Section: Credits and personnel

Question: Who did the mastering in the song,"What Makes You Beautiful"

"What Makes You Beautiful"
Warren Casey – writing
Tom Coyne – mastering
Carl Falk – writing, production, programming, instruments, guitar
Serban Ghenea – mixing
John Hanes – mix engineering
Jim Jacobs – writing
Savan Kotecha – writing
Phil Seaford – mix engineering assistance
Rami Yacoub – writing, production, programming, instruments, bass
Featuring a musical sample of "Summer Nights" from the musical "Grease".
"Na Na Na"
Dick Beetham – mastering
Iain James – writing
Savan Kotecha – writing
Matt Lawrence – engineering
Greg Marriot – engineering assistance
James Murray – writing
Matt Squire – writing, production, backing vocals, mixing
Mustapha Omer – writing
Article: Astronomy
Section: Infrared astronomy

Question: What is studied using the infrared system?

Infrared astronomy is founded on the detection and analysis of infrared radiation (wavelengths longer than red light).
The infrared spectrum is useful for studying objects that are too cold to radiate visible light, such as planets, circumstellar disks or nebulae whose light is blocked by dust.
Longer infrared wavelengths can penetrate clouds of dust that block visible light, allowing the observation of young stars in molecular clouds and the cores of galaxies.
Observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) have been particularly effective at unveiling numerous Galactic protostars and their host star clusters.
With the exception of wavelengths close to visible light, infrared radiation is heavily absorbed by the atmosphere, or masked, as the atmosphere itself produces significant infrared emission.
Consequently, infrared observatories have to be located in high, dry places or in space.
Some molecules radiate strongly in the infrared.
This allows the study the chemistry of space; more specifically it can detect water in comets.
Article: Gossip Girl
Section: Season 2: 2008–2009

Question: Who did Desmond Harrington play on Gossip Girl?

The second season mainly explores the senior year of the characters with the premiere at the Hamptons and primarily focused on the relationship between Blair and Chuck, who were labeled "the heart of "GG"" by "People" magazine.
At first, both characters negate their feelings for one another, and go through random schemes and manipulations.
The first half of the season deals with Serena's growing prominence as a socialite which draws the attention of Blair as their friendship is tested when the character of Poppy Lifton (Tamara Feldman) arrives, a socialite who inadvertently drives a wedge between Serena and Blair after inspiring Serena to take her place in the spotlight during the early episodes of the season.
Nate faces the aftermath of his father's criminal past and pursues a relationship with Vanessa, who becomes further entangled into the world of the Upper East Side.
Jenny reignites her rebellious nature by pursuing a career as a fashion designer, thereby challenging Rufus' skills as a parent while Dan's friendship with Nate and relationship with Serena slowly transforms him from a social outcast to an insider.
The show finished its first half during the first week of December, with the shocking death of Bart Bass.
The second half of the season reveals the impact of Bart's death, causing a significant change of character direction for Chuck that subsequently leads to the growth of Rufus and Lily's relationship, the revelation of the two having a son together, and contributing to the decline of Dan and Serena's relationship.
John Shea reprised his role as Harold Waldorf during a Thanksgiving episode and becomes entangled in Blair's striving ambition of attending Yale.
Desmond Harrington entered the series as Chuck's manipulative uncle, Jack Bass.
Feldman returned to the season with Armie Hammer as Serena's new love interest, Gabriel Edwards.
Michelle Trachtenberg returned to the role of Georgina Sparks and filmed her scenes during February, also adjoining her character's return to the second season mystery.
A backdoor pilot for a spin-off premiered in May, but was not picked up by The CW to the limited number of spots available on their fall line-up.
As the storylines progressed, the role of "Gossip Girl" is slightly decreased.
She continues to run her blog, but she keeps the ultimate information for herself, sending it in the final episode as the last blast, where Serena decides to find out who "Gossip Girl" really is, but ultimately fails.
The season finale ended with a well-received kiss between Blair and Chuck.
Article: Solar System
Section: Heliopause

Question: The heliosphere is divided into how many regions?

The heliosphere is divided into two separate regions.
The solar wind travels at roughly 400 km/s until it collides with the interstellar wind; the flow of plasma in the interstellar medium.
The collision occurs at the termination shock, which is roughly 80–100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind.
Here the wind slows dramatically, condenses, and becomes more turbulent, forming a great oval structure known as the heliosheath.
This structure is believed to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind; evidence from the Cassini and Interstellar Boundary Explorer spacecraft has suggested that it is forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field.
The outer boundary of the heliosphere, the heliopause, is the point at which the solar wind finally terminates and is the beginning of interstellar space.
Both "Voyager 1" and "Voyager 2" are reported to have passed the termination shock and entered the heliosheath, at 94 and 84 AU from the Sun, respectively.
"Voyager 1" is also reported to have reached the heliopause.
The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the fluid dynamics of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as solar magnetic fields prevailing to the south, e.g.
it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere.
Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the bow shock, a plasma "wake" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way.
Due to a lack of data, the conditions in local interstellar space are not known for certain.
It is expected that NASA's Voyager spacecraft, as they pass the heliopause, will transmit valuable data on radiation levels and solar wind back to Earth.
How well the heliosphere shields the Solar System from cosmic rays is poorly understood.
A NASA-funded team has developed a concept of a "Vision Mission" dedicated to sending a probe to the heliosphere.
Article: Victoria Peak
Section: Abstract

Question: What do the locals call Victoria Peak?

Victoria Peak (, or previously ) is a mountain in the western half of Hong Kong Island.
It is also known as Mount Austin, and locally as The Peak.
With an altitude of , it is the highest mountain on the island (Tai Mo Shan is the highest point in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region).
The summit is occupied by a radio telecommunications facility and is closed to the public.
However, the surrounding area of public parks and high-value residential land is the area that is normally meant by the name "The Peak".
It is a major tourist attraction that offers views over Central, Victoria Harbour, Lamma Island and the surrounding islands.
Article: South Park
Section: Video games

Question: What year was "South Park Rally" released?

Following the early success of the series, three video games based on the series were released by Acclaim Entertainment.
A first-person shooter simply titled "South Park" was released in 1998 for the PC, Nintendo 64, and PlayStation.
This was followed in 1999 by ', a party video game featuring quizzes and mini-games, on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC.
In 2000, "South Park Rally", a racing game, was released on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC.
Parker and Stone had little to do with the development of these games, apart from providing voice acting, and have publicly criticized Acclaim and the quality of the "South Park" games they produced.
Several years after these early games, the decision was made to form a small group called South Park Digital Studios, which would, among other things, work on creating new "South Park" games, that would involve the studio and the show's creators more heavily.
The first such title is "South Park Let's Go Tower Defense Play!
", a tower defense game developed by Doublesix, which was released in 2009 for the Xbox Live Arcade service on the Xbox 360 console.
Another Xbox Live Arcade game, ' is a platformer, which was released in the spring of 2012. ""
is a role-playing video game that was written by Parker and Stone, and was originally scheduled to be released on March 5, 2013 for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles, and Microsoft Windows; The game released March 4, 2014 to positive reviews.
Article: What Makes You Beautiful
Section: Credits and personnel

Question: Who was the mix engineer on What Makes You Beautiful?

"What Makes You Beautiful"
Warren Casey – writing
Tom Coyne – mastering
Carl Falk – writing, production, programming, instruments, guitar
Serban Ghenea – mixing
John Hanes – mix engineering
Jim Jacobs – writing
Savan Kotecha – writing
Phil Seaford – mix engineering assistance
Rami Yacoub – writing, production, programming, instruments, bass
Featuring a musical sample of "Summer Nights" from the musical "Grease".
"Na Na Na"
Dick Beetham – mastering
Iain James – writing
Savan Kotecha – writing
Matt Lawrence – engineering
Greg Marriot – engineering assistance
James Murray – writing
Matt Squire – writing, production, backing vocals, mixing
Mustapha Omer – writing
Article: Egg tart
Section: History

Question: This is a former British colony that has adopted some British cuisine.

Custard tarts were introduced in Hong Kong in the 1940s by cha chaan tengs.
Which was derived from the original "pastel de nata" ( Portuguese egg tarts ).
Egg tarts evolved from the very similar Portuguese egg tart pastries, known as pastel de nata, traveling to Hong Kong via the Portuguese colony of Macau.
Hong Kong egg tarts are an adaptation of English custard tarts.
Canton (modern Guangdong) had more frequent contact with the West, in particular Britain, than the rest of China.
Also, as a former British colony, Hong Kong adopted some British cuisine.