community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)
Section: Usage in media

Question: When did Alcott and Rice skate to the song Dancing on Ice?

Cultural impact.
Usage in media.
"Stronger" was also used in various forms of media.
It was used in a 2011 Toyota Camry advertisement which stars Clarkson singing the song with her co-stars Chris Berman, Andrew Zimmern, and James Lipton.
Amber Riley, Naya Rivera, and Heather Morris performed the song on the season three episode of "Glee" titled "On My Way", which aired on February 21, 2012.
Raymund Flandez of "The Wall Street Journal" described the trio's performance as "fine, fierce and fabulous."
Their version of "Stronger" debuted on the Hot 100 at number 66 on the week ending March 3, 2012 as "What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)".
The song was featured in "Suburgatory" and was used in advertisements promoting the second season of the USA Network series "Fairly Legal".
It was also featured in a playable piece in the Harmonix video game "Rock Band Blitz", "Rock Band 3" and "Dance Central 3".
On May 6, 2012, a video of some of the patients and hospital staff of Seattle Children's hematology oncology unit dancing to the song were uploaded in YouTube to represent their fight against cancer.
The video became a viral hit and has been featured by "Time" and CBS News.
On February 26, 2012, Chemmy Alcott and Sean Rice skated to the song on Dancing on Ice.
Maria Menounos and Derek Hough danced to the song in the fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars.
The instrumental version has been used as background music to the promotion and the opening theme to the 2013 MDA Show of Strength telethon.
Article: Diving
Section: Synchronized diving

Question: When was synchronized diving adopted as an Olympic sport?

Synchronized diving was adopted as an Olympic sport in 2000.
Two divers form a team and perform dives simultaneously.
The dives are identical.
It used to be possible to dive opposites, also known as a pinwheel, but this is no longer part of competitive synchronized diving.
For example, one diver would perform a forward dive and the other an inward dive in the same position, or one would do a reverse and the other a back movement.
In these events, the diving would be judged both on the quality of execution and the synchronicity – in timing of take-off and entry, height and forward travel.
Article: Mona Lisa
Section: Title and subject

Question: In modern Italian how would you spell the title?

The title of the painting that is known in English as Mona Lisa stems from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote ""Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife"."
"Mona" in Italian is a polite form of address originating as "ma donna" —similar to "Ma’am", "Madam", or "my lady" in English.
This became "madonna", and its contraction "mona".
The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled "Mona" (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as "Monna Lisa", but this is rare in English.
Vasari's account of the "Mona Lisa" comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death, and which has long been the best known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter.
Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1525, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named "la Gioconda", a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo.
That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero.
The note is dated October 1503 and was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci.
This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo.
The sitter, Lisa del Giocondo,was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo.
The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea.
The Italian name for the painting, "La Gioconda", means "jocund" ("happy" or "jovial"), or literally "the jocund one", a pun on the feminine form of the sitter's married name "Giocondo".
In French, the title "La Joconde" has the same meaning.
Over the years there have been several alternative views among scholars as to the subject of the painting.
Some have argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the "Mona Lisa" referred to by Vasari.
Several other individuals have been proposed as the subject of the painting.
Isabella of Aragon, Cecilia Gallerani, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla, Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, —even Salaì and Leonardo himself— are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting.
Currently, the consensus of art historians is that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo, which has always been the traditional view.
Article: Nurse Jackie
Section: Genre

Question: How did Eddie Falco describe her Nurse Jackie performance?

In her acceptance speech for the Emmy for Best Actress in a Comedy series, Falco exclaimed "I'm not funny!"
Later, while speaking to the press, she expanded upon her statement and said that she too felt her performance was dramatic.
Several articles have since been written addressing this question, with some writers even calling for an overhaul of the Emmy categorization process as well as a "Comedy-drama/Dramedy" category for the awards.
Article: Marshall Plan
Section: The Speech

Question: Who offered American aid to promote European recovery and reconstruction?

After the adjournment of the Moscow conference following six weeks of failed discussions with the Soviets regarding a potential German reconstruction, the United States concluded that a solution could not wait any longer.
To clarify the US's position, a major address by Secretary of State George Marshall was planned.
Marshall gave the address to the graduating class of Harvard University on June 5, 1947.
Standing on the steps of Memorial Church in Harvard Yard, he offered American aid to promote European recovery and reconstruction.
The speech described the dysfunction of the European economy and presented a rationale for US aid.
The modern system of the division of labor upon which the exchange of products is based is in danger of breaking down.
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Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances arising as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United States should be apparent to all.
It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health to the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace.
Our policy is not directed against any country, but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos.
Any government that is willing to assist in recovery will find full co-operation on the part of the USA.
Its purpose should be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist.
Marshall was convinced that economic stability would provide political stability in Europe.
He offered aid, but the European countries had to organize the program themselves.
The speech, written by Charles Bohlen, contained virtually no details and no numbers.
More a proposal than a plan, it was presented vaguely and made little impact in America.
Eight weeks after the Harvard speech, the State Department wrote in a confidential memorandum that "The Marshall Plan has been compared to a flying saucer — nobody knows what it looks like, how big it is, in what direction it is moving, or whether it really exists."
The most important element of the speech was the call for the Europeans to meet and create their own plan for rebuilding Europe, and that the United States would then fund this plan.
The administration felt that the plan would likely be unpopular among many Americans, and the speech was mainly directed at a European audience.
In an attempt to keep the speech out of American papers journalists were not contacted, and on the same day Truman called a press conference to take away headlines.
In contrast, Dean Acheson, an Under Secretary of State, was dispatched to contact the European media, especially the British media, and the speech was read in its entirety on the BBC.
Article: As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)
Section: Background and release

Question: When was the song "As Long as You Love Me" released?

In late 2011, Bieber confirmed to radio network Capital FM that he was recording material for his third studio album, which was originally going to be released in early 2012.
He later spoke to MTV News and revealed that "Believe" would surprise people in different ways, since it musically is a departure from his previous works.
While Bieber has said that he wants his next release to recall Justin Timberlake's Future Sex/Love Sounds sonically, in an interview with V magazine, he noted that what he'll be singing is a bit more PG than the topics Timberlake covered on that album.
"I'm not going to try to conform to what people want me to be or go out there and start partying, have people see me with alcohol.
I want to do it at my own pace.
I don't want to start singing about things like sex, drugs and swearing.
I'm into love, and maybe I'll get more into making love when I'm older.
But I want to be someone who is respected by everybody.
"After releasing "Boyfriend" as the lead single, Bieber announced that he will release promotional singles to promote "Believe".
The first promotional single "Die in Your Arms" was released to iTunes on May 29, 2012.
The second "All Around The World" was released on iTunes on June 4, 2012.
"As Long as You Love Me" was released on June 11, 2012, as the third and final promotional single.
The cover art for "As Long as You Love Me" shows Bieber perched on a wooden bed, holding an acoustic guitar.
Sia Nicole of "Idolator expressed dissatisfaction with the cover, saying "It’s false advertising for the high-fidelity track that has nary a strum within earshot."
On June 13, Bieber shared a clip of the recording process for "As Long As You Love Me."
The video shows Bieber with his signature swooped bangs, in the studio recording and laying down the vocals on the song.
A slightly shorter version of the song, without Big Sean's rap verse, with Bieber singing new lines, known as the 'international version' appeared online in August, 2012.
It was released in full quality October 23, 2012.
Article: Pretty Little Liars
Section: Overview

Question: How many arcs is the series divided into?

The series is loosely divided into three arcs of four to five books each, chronicling the introduction and reveal of each "A".
The series follows the lives of four teenage girls — whose names are mentioned above (nicknamed "the Pretty Little Liars" or simply "the Liars") — whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their best friend, Alison DiLaurentis.
Three years after her disappearance, they begin receiving text messages from an anonymous source, "A," who threatens to expose their secrets; including long-hidden ones they thought only their close friend Alison knew.
But shortly after the messages begin, Alison's body is discovered.
The books progress with the four girls trying to figure out the identity of "A".
Article: October Revolution
Section: Impact of the dissolution of the USSR on historical research

Question: Why was it possible to re-examine the October Revolution?

The dissolution of the USSR had an impact on historical interpretations of the October Revolution.
Since 1991, increasing access to large amounts of Soviet archival materials made it possible to re‑examine the October Revolution.
Though both Western and Russian historians now have access to many of these archives, the impact of the dissolution of the USSR can be seen most clearly in the work of historians in the former USSR.
While the disintegration essentially helped solidify the Western and Revisionist views, post-USSR Russian historians largely repudiated the former Soviet historical interpretation of the Revolution.
In other words, the established Soviet view of the October Revolution has been challenged, and consequently “Russian historians’ outlook has come closer to that of their Western conferes.” As Stephen Kotkin argues, 1991 prompted “a return to political history and the apparent resurrection of totalitarianism, the interpretive view that, in different ways…revisionists sought to bury”.
In other words, after 1991, there has been the revival among some historians of the “continuity thesis”, the idea that there was an uncomplicated, natural evolution from the October Revolution’s organizational structure to Stalin’s Gulags.
Article: South Korea
Section: Environment

Question: What was a weakness of South Korea's first 20 years of growth?

During the first 20 years of South Korea's growth surge, little effort was made to preserve the environment.
Unchecked industrialization and urban development have resulted in deforestation and the ongoing destruction of wetlands such as the Songdo Tidal Flat.
However, there have been recent efforts to balance these problems, including a government run five-year green growth project that aims to boost energy efficiency and green technology.
The green-based economic strategy is a comprehensive overhaul of South Korea's economy, utilizing nearly two percent of the national GDP.
The greening initiative includes such efforts as a nationwide bike network, solar and wind energy, lowering oil dependent vehicles, backing daylight savings and extensive usage of environmentally friendly technologies such as LEDs in electronics and lighting.
The country – already the world's most wired – plans to build a nationwide next-generation network which will be 10 times faster than broadband facilities in order to reduce energy usage.
The renewable portfolio standard program with renewable energy certificates runs from 2012 to 2022.
Quota systems favor large, vertically integrated generators and multinational electric utilities, if only because certificates are generally denominated in units of one megawatt-hour.
They are also more difficult to design and implement than an a Feed-in tariff.
Lauber, V. (2004).
"REFIT and RPS: Options for a harmonized Community framework," Energy Policy, Vol.
32, Issue 12, pp.1405–1414.
Lauber, V. (2008).
"Certificate Trading – Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?
"Ljubljana Conference on the Future of GHG Emissions Trading in the EU, March 2008.
Salzburg, Austria: University of Salzburg.
Retrieved 16 March 2009 at: www.uni-salzburg.at/politikwissenschaft/lauber</ref> Around 350 residential micro combined heat and power units where installed in 2012.
Seoul's tap water recently became safe to drink, with city officials branding it "Arisu" in a bid to convince the public.
Efforts have also been made with afforestation projects.
Another multi-billion dollar project was the restoration of Cheonggyecheon, a stream running through downtown Seoul that had earlier been paved over by a motorway.
One major challenge is air quality, with acid rain, sulfur oxides, and annual yellow dust storms being particular problems.
It is acknowledged that many of these difficulties are a result of South Korea's proximity to China, which is a major air polluter.
South Korea is a member of the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity Treaty, Kyoto Protocol (forming the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG), regarding UNFCCC, with Mexico and Switzerland), Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (not into force), Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, and Whaling.
Article: Inside Llewyn Davis
Section: Production

Question: What inspired the film "Inside Llewyn Davis"?

Set in 1961, "Inside Llewyn Davis" was inspired by the cultural disconnection within a New York–based music scene where the songs seemed to come from all parts of the United States except New York, but whose performers included Brooklyn-born Dave Van Ronk and Ramblin' Jack Elliott.
Well before writing the script, the Coens began with a single premise: suppose Van Ronk got beat up outside of Gerde's Folk City in the Village.
The filmmakers employed that idea in the opening scenes, then periodically returned to the project over the next couple of years to expand the story around a fictional character.
One source for the film was Van Ronk's posthumously published (2005) memoir, "The Mayor of MacDougal Street."
According to the book's co-author, Elijah Wald, the Coens mined the work "for local color and a few scenes."
The character is a composite of Van Ronk, Elliot, and other performers from the New York boroughs who performed in the Village at that time.
Joel Coen remarked that "the film doesn't really have a plot.
That concerned us at one point; that's why we threw the cat in.
"Shooting was complicated by an early New York spring, which interfered with the bleak winter atmosphere that prevails throughout the film, and by the difficulty of filming several cats, who, unlike dogs, ignore the desires of filmmakers.
On the advice of an animal trainer, the Coens put out a casting call for an orange tabby cat, which is sufficiently common that several cats would be available to play one part.
Individual cats were then selected for each scene based on what they were predisposed to do on their own.
Producer Scott Rudin, who worked with the Coens on "True Grit" and "No Country for Old Men", collaborated on the project.
StudioCanal helped finance it without an American distributor in place.
"After shooting in New York City and elsewhere last year...the brothers finished the movie at their own pace", wrote Michael Cieply in a January 2013 "The New York Times" interview with Joel Coen ahead of a private, pre-Grammys screening in Los Angeles.
"They could have rushed it into the Oscar season but didn’t."
On February 19, CBS Films announced it had picked up the U.S. domestic distribution rights for about $4 million.
StudioCanal has rights to international distribution and foreign sales.
Article: The Big Bang Theory
Section: U.S. standard ratings

Question: What was the viewership of the "The Big Bang Theory" third season premire?

"The Big Bang Theory" has been highly rated since its premiere.
When the third season premiered on September 21, 2009, "The Big Bang Theory" ranked as CBS's highest-rated show of that evening in the adults 18–49 demographic (4.6/10) along with a then-series-high 12.83 million viewers.
After the first three seasons aired at different times on Monday nights, CBS moved the show to Thursdays at 8:00 ET for the 2010–2011 schedule, to be in direct competition with NBC's Comedy Block.
During its fourth season, it became television's highest rated comedy, just barely beating out eight-year champ "Two and a Half Men".
However, in the age 18–49 demographic (the show's target age range), it was the second highest rated comedy, behind ABC's "Modern Family".
The fifth season opened with viewing figures of over 14 million.
The sixth season boasts some of the highest-rated episodes for the show so far, with a then-new series high set with "The Bakersfield Expedition" (Season 6, Episode 13), with 20 million viewers, a first for the series, which along with "NCIS", made CBS the first network to have two scripted series reach that large an audience in the same week since 2007.
In the sixth season, the show became the highest rated and viewed scripted show in the 18–49 demographic, trailing only "NBC's Sunday Night Football" coverage, and was third in total viewers, trailing "NCIS" and "Sunday Night Football".
Season seven of the show opened strong, continuing the success gained in season six, with the second episode of the premiere, "The Deception Verification", setting the new series high in viewers with 20.44 million.
Showrunner Steve Molaro, who took over from Bill Prady with the sixth season, credits some of the show's success to the sitcom's exposure in off-network syndication, particularly on TBS, while Michael Schneider of "TV Guide" attributes it to the timeslot move two seasons earlier.
Chuck Lorre and CBS Entertainment president Nina Tassler also credit the success to the influence of Molaro, in particular the deepening exploration of the firmly established regular characters and their interpersonal relationships, such as the on-again, off-again relationship between Leonard and Penny.
Throughout much of the 2012–13 season, "The Big Bang Theory" placed first in all of syndication ratings, receiving formidable competition from only "Judge Judy" and "Wheel of Fortune" (first-run syndication programs).
By the end of the 2012–13 television season, "The Big Bang Theory" had dethroned "Judge Judy" as the ratings leader in all of syndicated programming with 7.1, "Judy" descending to second place for that season with a 7.0.
Article: Baseball
Section: No clock to kill

Question: How long was the average American League game in 1997?

In clock-limited sports, games often end with a team that holds the lead killing the clock rather than competing aggressively against the opposing team.
In contrast, baseball has no clock; a team cannot win without getting the last batter out and rallies are not constrained by time.
At almost any turn in any baseball game, the most advantageous strategy is some form of aggressive strategy.
In contrast, again, the clock comes into play even in the case of multi-day Test and first-class cricket: the possibility of a draw often encourages a team that is batting last and well behind to bat defensively, giving up any faint chance at a win to avoid a loss.
Baseball offers no such reward for conservative batting.
While nine innings has been the standard since the beginning of professional baseball, the duration of the average major league game has increased steadily through the years.
At the turn of the 20th century, games typically took an hour and a half to play.
In the 1920s, they averaged just less than two hours, which eventually ballooned to 2:38 in 1960.
By 1997, the average American League game lasted 2:57 (National League games were about 10 minutes shorter—pitchers at the plate making for quicker outs than designated hitters).
In 2004, Major League Baseball declared that its goal was an average game of merely 2:45.
The lengthening of games is attributed to longer breaks between half-innings for television commercials, increased offense, more pitching changes, and a slower pace of play with pitchers taking more time between each delivery, and batters stepping out of the box more frequently.
Other leagues have experienced similar issues.
In 2008, Nippon Professional Baseball took steps aimed at shortening games by 12 minutes from the preceding decade's average of 3:18.
Article: Sexy and I Know It
Section: Track listing

Question: How long was the original album version of "Sexy and I Know It"?

;CD single
"Sexy and I Know It" (album version) – 3:19
"Sexy and I Know It" (Mord Fustang) – 5:21
;Digital download
"Sexy and I Know It" (Audiobot Remix) – 5:55
"Sexy and I Know It" (Mord Fustang) – 5:19
"Sexy and I Know It" (Tomba and Borgore Remix) – 3:41
"Sexy and I Know It" (LA Riots Remix) – 5:40
"Sexy and I Know It" (DallasK Remix) – 5:42
"Sexy and I Know It" (Fuego's Moombahton Remix) – 3:51
"Sexy and I Know It" (MADEin82 Remix) – 6:01