community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Vampire Diaries
Section: Home media releases

Question: On what date did the region 2 DVD come out?

Season one was released on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4 and on Blu-ray in Regions A and B.
Both United States versions include commentary by cast and crew members on selected episodes, deleted scenes, behind-the-scenes featurettes, webisodes, and a downloadable audiobook of L.J.
Smith's "The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening".
It was released on DVD in Region 2 on August 23, 2010.
Following that release, Region 1 began selling DVDs on August 31, 2010, and Region 3 on September 1, 2010.
In Region A, it was released on Blu-ray on August 31, 2010.
Region B's releases varied; United Kingdom on August 23, 2010, Brazil on August 26, 2010 and Australia on September 1, 2010.
"The Vampire Diaries Season 2" will be available in DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2011.
Region B's releases varied; United Kingdom on August 22, 2011, Brazil on August 25, 2011.
"The Vampire Diaries: Season 3" will be available on DVD and Blu-ray on September 11 and A and on September 5, 2012 for Regions 4 and B.
The Vampire Diaries: Season 4 is available on DVD and Blu-ray in A as of September 15, 2013.
Article: Vitruvian Man
Section: Derivative works

Question: The 1521 edition of De Archietectura was created by who?

The "Vitruvian Man" has inspired a number of derivative works:
 Cesare Cesariano (1521) who edited the important 1521 edition of "De Architectura" of Vitruvius (Leonardo da Vinci is supposed to have provided the illustrations for this edition).
 Albrecht Dürer (1528) in his book "Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion" (four books on human proportions)
 Pietro di Giacomo Cataneo (1554)
 Heinrich Lautensack (1618)
 William Blake (1795) "Glad Day", now known as "Albion rose".
This representation is without the circle and square.
 The Italian 1 euro coin
Article: Dallas Buyers Club
Section: Abstract

Question: How much did it cost to make Dallas Buyers Club?

Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film, directed by Jean-Marc Vallée and written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack.
Matthew McConaughey stars as the real-life AIDS patient Ron Woodroof, who smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas when he found them effective at improving his symptoms, distributing them to fellow sufferers by establishing the "Dallas Buyers Club" while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
"Dallas Buyers Club" premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on November 1, 2013, entering wide release on November 22.
The film received acclaim from critics, and won numerous accolades – most recognizing the performances of McConaughey and Jared Leto, including the Academy Award for Best Actor and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, making it the first film since "Mystic River" (2003) to win both awards.
It also won Best Makeup and Hairstyling at the 86th Academy Awards, and received a nomination for Best Picture.
it grossed over $32 million in box office revenue against a budget of $5 million.
Article: The Invisible War
Section: Military personnel

Question: Who were the brigadier generals?

 Major General Mary Kay Hertog, Director, Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office
 Dr. Kaye Whitley, Former Director, Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office
 Rear Admiral Anthony Kurta, Director, Military Plans and Policy
 General Claudia Kennedy, US Army (Retired)
 Brigadier General Wilma L. Vaught, US Air Force (Retired)
 Brigadier General Loree Sutton, M.D., US Army (Retired)
 Major General Dennis Laich, US Army (Retired)
Article: Great Sphinx of Giza
Section: Names of the Sphinx

Question: How often is the Great Sphinx referred to by ancient Egyptians?

It is not known by what name the creators called their statue, as the Great Sphinx does not appear in any known inscription of the Old Kingdom, and there are no inscriptions anywhere describing its construction or its original purpose.
In the New Kingdom, the Sphinx was called "Hor-em-akhet" (; Hellenized: "Harmachis"), and the pharaoh Thutmose IV (1401–1391 or 1397–1388 BC) specifically referred to it as such in his Dream Stele.
The commonly used name "Sphinx" was given to it in classical antiquity, about 2000 years after the accepted date of its construction, by reference to a Greek mythological beast with a lion's body, a woman's head and the wings of an eagle (although, like most Egyptian sphinxes, the Great Sphinx has a man's head and no wings).
The English word "sphinx" comes from the ancient Greek Σφίγξ (transliterated: ), apparently from the verb σφίγγω (transliterated: / ), after the Greek sphinx who strangled anyone who failed to answer her riddle.
The name may alternatively be a corruption of the ancient Egyptian "Ssp-anx" (in MdC), a name given to royal statues of Dynasty IV (2575–2467 BC) and later in the New Kingdom (c. 1570–1070 BC) to the Great Sphinx more specifically, although phonetically the two names are far from identical.
Medieval Arab writers, including al-Maqrīzī, call the Sphinx "balhib" and "bilhaw", which suggest a Coptic influence.
The modern Egyptian Arabic name is أبو الهول (, ).
Article: Fencing
Section: Abstract

Question: What is fencing?

Fencing is the activity of fighting with swords.
The most common version of fencing today, also called olympic fencing or competitive fencing, is divided into three weapon categories: foil, sabre and épée.
Classical fencing uses the same three weapons, but approaches fencing as a martial art.
Competitive fencing is one of five sports which has been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games, the other four being Athletics, Cycling, Swimming, and Gymnastics.
Article: Nanking Massacre
Section: Apology and condolences by the Prime Minister and Emperor of Japan

Question: What was the date of the 50th anniversary of the Surrender of Japan?

On August 15, 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the Surrender of Japan, the Japanese prime minister Tomiichi Murayama gave the first clear and formal apology for Japanese actions during the war.
He apologized for Japan's wrongful aggression and the great suffering that it inflicted in Asia.
He offered his heartfelt apology to all survivors and to the relatives and friends of the victims.
That day, the prime minister and the Japanese Emperor Akihito pronounced statements of mourning at Tokyo's Nippon Budokan.
The emperor offered his condolences and expressed the hope that such atrocities would never be repeated.
Iris Chang, author of "The Rape of Nanking", criticized Murayama for not providing the written apology that had been expected.
She said that the people of China "don't believe that an... unequivocal and sincere apology has ever been made by Japan to China" and that a written apology from Japan would send a better message to the international community.
Article: Sailing
Section: Heeling

Question: How can you counteract heeling?

When a ship or boat leans over to one side, from the action of waves or from the centrifugal force of a turn or under wind pressure or from amount of exposed topsides, it is said to 'heel'.
A sailing boat that is over-canvassed and therefore heeling, may sail less efficiently depending on fundamental or opportunistic factors such as temporary nature of the feature (e.g.
wind gust), use (e.g.
racing), crew ability, point of sail, hull size & design.
When a vessel is subject to a heeling force (such as wind pressure), vessel buoyancy & beam of the hull will counter-act the heeling force.
A weighted keel provides additional means to right the boat.
In some high-performance racing yachts, water ballast or the angle of a canting keel can be changed to provide additional righting force to counteract heeling.
The crew may move their personal weight to the high (upwind) side of the boat, this is called "hiking", which also changes the centre of gravity & produces a righting lever to reduce the degree of heeling.
Incidental benefits include faster vessel speed caused by more efficient action of the hull & sails.
Other options to reduce heeling include reducing exposed sail area & efficiency of the sail setting & a variant of hiking called "trapezing".
This can only be done if the vessel is designed for this, as in dinghy sailing.
A sailor can (usually involuntarily) try turning upwind in gusts (it is known as "rounding up").
This can lead to difficulties in controlling the vessel if over-canvassed.
Wind can be spilled from the sails by 'sheeting out', or loosening them.
The number of sails, their size and shape can be altered.
Raising the dinghy centreboard can reduce heeling by allowing more leeway.
The increasingly asymmetric underwater shape of the hull matching the increasing angle of heel may generate an increasing directional turning force into the wind.
The sails' centre of effort will also increase this turning effect or force on the vessel's motion due to increasing lever effect with increased heeling which shows itself as increased human effort required to steer a straight course.
Increased heeling reduces exposed sail area relative to the wind direction, so leading to an equilibrium state.
As more heeling force causes more heel, weather helm may be experienced.
This condition has a braking effect on the vessel but has the safety effect in that an excessively hard pressed boat will try and turn into the wind therefore reducing the forces on the sail.
Small amounts (≤5 degrees) of weather helm are generally considered desirable because of the consequent aerofoil lift effect from the rudder.
This aerofoil lift produces helpful motion to windward & the corollary of the reason why lee helm is dangerous.
Lee helm, the opposite of weather helm, is generally considered to be dangerous because the vessel turns away from the wind when the helm is released, thus increasing forces on the sail at a time when the helmsperson is not in control.
Article: Palace of Versailles
Section: The four building campaigns (1664–1710)

Question: When was the first building campaign?

The four building campaigns (1664–1710).
The first building campaign (1664–1668) commenced with the "Plaisirs de l'Île enchantée" (Pleasures of the Enchanted Island) of 1664, a fête that was held between 7 and 13 May 1664.
The campaign involved alterations in the château and gardens to accommodate the 600 guests invited to the party.
(Nolhac, 1899, 1901; Marie, 1968; Verlet, 1985).
The second building campaign (1669–1672) was inaugurated with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which ended the War of Devolution.
During this campaign, the château began to assume some of the appearance that it has today.
The most important modification of the château was Le Vau's envelope of Louis XIII's hunting lodge.
(Nolhac, 1901; Marie, 1972; Verlet, 1985).
Significant to the design and construction of the "grands appartements" is that the rooms of both apartments are of the same configuration and dimensions – a hitherto unprecedented feature in French palace design.
Both the "grand appartement du roi" and the "grand appartement de la reine" formed a suite of seven enfilade rooms.
The decoration of the rooms, which was conducted under Le Brun's direction, depicted the "heroic actions of the king" and were represented in allegorical form by the actions of historical figures from the antique past (Alexander the Great, Augustus, Cyrus, etc.).
(Berger, 1986; Félibien, 1674; Verlet, 1985).
With the signing of the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678, which ended the Dutch War, the third building campaign at Versailles began (1678–1684).
Under the direction of the architect, Jules Hardouin-Mansart, the Palace of Versailles acquired much of the look that it has today.
In addition to the Hall of Mirrors, Hardouin-Mansart designed the north and south wings and the "Orangerie".
Le Brun was occupied not only with the interior decoration of the new additions of the palace, but also collaborated with Le Nôtre's in landscaping the palace gardens (Berger, 1985; Thompson, 2006; Verlet, 1985).
Soon after the defeat of the War of the League of Augsburg (1688–1697), Louis XIV undertook his last building campaign at Versailles.
The fourth building campaign (1699–1710) concentrated almost exclusively on construction of the royal chapel designed by Hardouin-Mansart and finished by Robert de Cotte.
There were also some modifications in the "appartement du roi", namely the construction of the "Salon de l'Œil de Bœuf" and the King's Bedchamber.
With the completion of the chapel in 1710, virtually all construction at Versailles ceased; building would not be resumed at Versailles until some twenty one years later during the reign of Louis XV (Nolhac, 1911; Marie, 1976, 1984; Verlet, 1985).
Article: Wrestling
Section: Greco-Roman

Question: Where is Alexander Karelin from?

Greco-Roman is an international discipline and an Olympic sport.
In Greco-Roman style, it is forbidden to hold the opponent below the belt, to make trips, and to actively use the legs in the execution of any action.
Recent rule changes in Greco-Roman increase opportunities for and place greater emphasis on explosive, 'high amplitude' throws.
Pinning one's opponent to the mat is one way of winning.
One of the most well known Greco-Roman wrestlers is Alexander Karelin from Russia.
Article: How to Save a Life
Section: Personnel

Question: Who did lead vocals and piano?

Isaac Slade - lead vocals, piano
Joe King - guitars, bass, backing vocals
Dave Welsh - guitars
Ben Wysocki - drums, percussion
Article: Marzipan
Section: Iberian Peninsula line

Question: How does the US define marzipan?

Another possible geographic origin is in Spain, then known as Al-Andalus.
In Toledo (850-900, though more probably 1150 during the reign of Alfonso VII) this specialty was known as "Postre Regio" instead of "Mazapán") and there are also mentions in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights of an almond paste eaten during Ramadan and as an aphrodisiac.
Mazapán is Toledo's most famous dessert, often created for Christmas, and has PGI status.
Almonds have to be at least 50% of the total weight, following the directives of "Mazapán de Toledo" regulator counseil.
Another idea to support this line is the important tradition of another Spanish almond-based Christmas confectionery, the turron.
Under EU law, marzipan must have a minimum almond oil content of 14% and a maximum moisture content of 8.5%.
Optional additional ingredients are rosewater, honey, pistachios, preservatives, and sometimes hazelnut.
In the U.S., marzipan is not officially defined, but it is generally made with a higher ratio of sugar to almonds than almond paste.
One brand, for instance, has 28% almonds in its marzipan, and 45% almonds in its almond paste.
However, in Sweden and Finland almond paste refers to a marzipan that contains 50% ground almonds, a much higher quality than regular marzipan.
In Germany, Lübecker Marzipan is known for its quality.
It contains 66% almonds.
The original manually produced Mozartkugeln are made from green pistachio marzipan.
Article: Zero Dark Thirty
Section: Allegations of partisanship

Question: When was the nationwide release date pushed back to?

Allegations of partisanship.
Partisan political controversy arose related to the film before shooting began.
Opponents of the Obama Administration charged that "Zero Dark Thirty" was scheduled for an October release just before the November presidential election to support his re-election, as Bin Laden's killing is regarded as a success for President Obama.
Sony denied that politics was a factor in release scheduling and said the date was the best available spot for an action-thriller in a crowded lineup.
The film's screenwriter added, "the president is not depicted in the movie.
He's just not in the movie.
"The distributor Columbia Pictures, sensitive to political perceptions, considered rescheduling the film release for as late as early 2013.
It set a limited-release date for December 19, 2012, well after the election and rendering moot any alleged political conflict.
The nationwide release date was pushed back to January 11, 2013, moving it out of the crowded Christmas period and closer to the Academy Awards.
After the film's limited release, given the controversy related to the film's depiction of torture and its role in gaining critical information, "The New York Times" columnist Frank Bruni concluded that the film is "a far, far cry from the rousing piece of pro-Obama propaganda that some conservatives feared it would be".
Two months later, the paper's columnist Roger Cohen wrote that the film was "a courageous work that is disturbing in the way that art should be".
Cohen disagreed with Steve Coll's critique of the screenwriter's stated effort not to "play fast and loose with history", writing that "Boal has honored those words".
Cohen ended with a note about a Timothy Garton Ash analysis of George Orwell mixing fact and "invented" stories in "Down and Out in Paris and London" – as further support for Boal's method.
Article: Before Midnight (film)
Section: Cast

Question: Did Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick play Hank in the movie Before Midnight?

 Ethan Hawke as Jesse
 Julie Delpy as Céline
 Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick as Hank
 Jennifer Prior as Ella
 Charlotte Prior as Nina
 Xenia Kalogeropoulou as Natalia
 Walter Lassally as Patrick
 Ariane Labed as Anna
 Yiannis Papadopoulos as Achilleas
 Athina Rachel Tsangari as Ariadni
 Panos Koronis as Stefanos
Article: Lady with an Ermine
Section: Conservation

Question: How many tests were used to verify de Vinci's work "Lady with an Ermine"?

The "Lady with an Ermine" has been subjected to two detailed laboratory examinations.
The first was in the Warsaw Laboratories, the findings being published by K. Kwiatkowski in 1955.
The painting underwent examination and restoration again in 1992, at the Washington National Gallery Laboratories under the supervision of David Bull.
The painting is in oil on a thin walnut wood panel, about thick, prepared with a layer of white gesso and a layer of brownish underpaint.
The panel is in good condition apart from a break to the upper left side of the painting.
Its size has never been altered, as indicated by a narrow unpainted strip on all four sides of the painting.
The background was thinly overpainted with unmodulated black, probably between 1830 and 1870, when the damaged corner was restored.
Eugène Delacroix was suggested to have painted the background.
Its previous colour was a bluish grey.
The signature "LEONARD D'AWINCI" (which is Polish phonetical transcription of the name "da Vinci") in the upper left corner is not original.X-ray and microscopic analysis have revealed the charcoal-pounced outline of the pricked preparatory drawing on the prepared undersurface, a technique Leonardo learned in the studio of Verrocchio.
Apart from the black of the background and some abrasion caused by cleaning, the painted surface reveals the painting is almost entirely by the artist's hand.
There has been some slight retouching of her features in red, and the edge of the veil in ochre.
Some scholars believe there also was some later retouching of the hands.
Leonardo's fingerprints have been found in the surface of the paint, indicating he used his fingers to blend his delicate brushstrokes.
Article: Hersheypark
Section: Rhineland

Question: What tower is near the Sky Ride?

Rhineland is named after its Bavarian architecture and is the first park section located within the park’s gates.
Like Tudor Square, Rhineland is not home to any attractions but does include a wide variety of gift shops as well as a Nathan’s, Famous Famiglia Pizzeria, and the Central PA's Kosher Mart.
The Kosher Mart building was, until 1992, the Rhineland entrance of the Sky Ride - a ski lift transport ride which took you to Minetown, near the Kissing Tower and Twin Turnpike (which is now the location of Great Bear).
Article: Mexico
Section: Conquest (1519)

Question: What disease was brought by the Spanish conquerors that ultimately killed millions of Aztecs in the 1520s?

Conquest (1519).
The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire began in February 1519 when Hernán Cortés arrived at the port in Veracruz with ca.
500 conquistadores, and later moved on to the Aztec capital.
On his search for gold and other riches, Cortés decided to invade and conquer the Aztec empire.
The ruler of the Aztec empire upon the arrival of the Spaniards was Moctezuma II, who was later killed; his successor and brother Cuitláhuac took control of the Aztec empire, but was among the first to fall from the smallpox epidemic a short time later.
Unintentionally introduced by Spanish conquerors, smallpox ravaged Mesoamerica in the 1520s, killing more than 3 million Aztecs.
Other sources, however, mentioned that the death toll of the Aztecs might have reached up to 15 million (out of a population of less than 30 million).
Severely weakened, the Aztec empire was easily defeated by Cortés and his forces on his second return.
Smallpox was a devastating and selective disease—it generally killed Aztecs but not Spaniards, who as Europeans had already been exposed to it for centuries and were therefore much more immune to it.
The deaths caused by smallpox are believed to have triggered a rapid growth of Christianity in Mexico and the Americas.
At first, the Aztecs believed the epidemic was a punishment from an angry god, but they later accepted their fate and no longer resisted the Spanish rule.
Many of the surviving Aztecs blamed the cause of smallpox to the superiority of the Christian god, which resulted in the acceptance of Catholicism and yielding to the Spanish rule throughout Mexico.
The territory became part of the Spanish Empire under the name of New Spain.
Mexico City was systematically rebuilt by Cortés following the Fall of Tenochtitlan in 1521.
Much of the identity, traditions and architecture of Mexico were created during the colonial period.
Article: Wakeboarding
Section: Riding

Question: How is the rider launched airborne?

Using edging techniques, the rider can move outside of the wake or cut rapidly in toward the wake.
Jumps are performed by riding towards and up the wake and launching into the air.
This can also be done by riding up a kicker (a jump).
There is also the slider (a rail bar) in which a rider approaches and rides along keeping his balance.
Once a rider improves in the sport, he or she can progress to tricks high in the air.
As the rider edges towards the wake against the pull of the rope, the rider builds pressure against the water on the bottom of the board and gains speed and momentum toward the wake.
When the rider rides up the wake, the energy of the wake launches him airborne.
While in the air, the rider attempts to do tricks.
Tricks vary from beginner to advanced.