community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Solar System
Section: Venus

Question: Does Venus feature any natural satellites?

 Venus (0.7 AU from the Sun) is close in size to Earth (0.815 Earth masses) and, like Earth, has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity.
It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.
Venus has no natural satellites.
It is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures over 400 °C (752°F), most likely due to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
No definitive evidence of current geological activity has been detected on Venus, but it has no magnetic field that would prevent depletion of its substantial atmosphere, which suggests that its atmosphere is frequently replenished by volcanic eruptions.
Article: We Are Young
Section: Critical reception

Question: What rating did Luke Lewis of "NME" give the song "We Are Young"?

"We Are Young" has received generally positive reviews from critics.
Jody Rosen of "Rolling Stone" called the song "rollickingly catchy," writing that "Ruess' knack for the anthemic is matched by Gen-Y humor – emo self-deprecation that leavens the bombast."
In addition, fellow "Rolling Stone" columnist Steve Knopper compared the song's crossover success to that of Foster the People's "Pumped Up Kicks" (2011), writing that the song displays a "sprightly pop-novelty feel" that is the best track on the album.
Al Shipley of "The Village Voice" agreed with this comparison, attributing the song's success to the changing music industry as a result of advertising and iTunes.
MTV News called "We Are Young" the band's "breakout anthem" and one of the year's most unlikely sensations.RJ Cubarrubia of "Billboard" commended the band for taking their "warm retro sound into soaring ballad territory," calling the track a "bold statement."
He did however, criticize the small inclusion of Janelle Monáe in the track: "Monáe's guest spot is a missed opportunity, as the budding R&B star is relegated to background harmonies instead of adding something soulful and special to an already powerful hook."
Bill Lamb of About.com praised the chorus stating : "We Are Young" carries a hook in the chorus that is likely to stop many listeners dead in their tracks the first time they hear it.
The second time around this just might have become your new favorite song.
However Luke Lewis of "NME" gave a highly negative review of the song, giving a 5 out of 10 stating: "It's not clear what compelled Janelle Monáe to work with these New York-based Panic!
at the Disco soundalikes.
They're hardly natural bedfellows, and her input is limited to a brief vocal.
It's a winning formula though – this stirring emo ballad went to Number One in the US.
This year's Owl City then, if that concept doesn't chill your blood.
"The song won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards, where it was also a nominee for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.
Article: Diving
Section: Canada

Question: What is the Open age group in diving?

Most provincial level competitions consist of events for 6 age groups (Groups A, B, C, D, E, and Open) for both genders on each of the three board levels.
These age groups roughly correspond to those standardized by FINA, with the addition of a youngest age group for divers 9 and younger, Group E, which does not compete nationally and does not have a tower event (although divers of this age may choose to compete in Group D).
The age group Open is so called because divers of any age, including those over 18, may compete in these events, so long as their dives meet a minimum standard of difficulty.
Although Canada is internationally a fairly strong country in diving, the vast majority of Canadian high schools and universities do not have diving teams, and many Canadian divers accept athletic scholarships from American colleges.
Adult divers who are not competitive at an elite level may compete in masters diving.
Typically, masters are either adults who never practiced the sport as children or teenagers, or former elite athletes who have retired but still seek a way to be involved in the sport.
Many diving clubs have masters teams in addition to their primary competitive ones, and while some masters dive only for fun and fitness, there are also masters competitions, which range from the local to world championship level.
Article: Maple syrup
Section: Production

Question: Where is most maple syrup produced?

Maple syrup production is centred in northeastern North America; however, given the correct weather conditions, it can be made wherever suitable species of maple trees grow.
A maple syrup production farm is called a "sugarbush" or "sugarwood".
Sap is often boiled in a "sugar house" (also known as a "sugar shack," "sugar shanty," or "cabane à sucre"), a building louvered at the top to vent the steam from the boiling sap.
Maples are usually tapped beginning at 30 to 40 years of age.
Each tree can support between one and three taps, depending on its trunk diameter.
The average maple tree will produce of sap per season, up to per day.
This is roughly equal to 7% of its total sap.
Seasons last for four to eight weeks, depending on the weather.
During the day, starch stored in the roots for the winter rises through the trunk as sugary sap, allowing it to be tapped.
Sap is not tapped at night because the temperature drop inhibits sap flow, although taps are typically left in place overnight.
Some producers also tap in autumn, though this practice is less common than spring tapping.
Maples can continue to be tapped for sap until they are over 100 years old.
Article: Photoelectric effect
Section: Experimental observations of photoelectric emission

Question: What does the theory of photoelectric effect explain?

The theory of the photoelectric effect must explain the experimental observations of the emission of electrons from an illuminated metal surface.
For a given metal, there exists a certain minimum frequency of incident radiation below which no photoelectrons are emitted.
This frequency is called the "threshold frequency".
Increasing the frequency of the incident beam, keeping the number of incident photons fixed (this would result in a proportionate increase in energy) increases the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted.
Thus the stopping voltage increases.
The number of electrons also changes because the probability that each photon results in an emitted electron is a function of photon energy.
If the intensity of the incident radiation is increased, there is no effect on the kinetic energies of the photoelectrons.
Above the threshold frequency, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectron depends on the frequency of the incident light, but is independent of the intensity of the incident light so long as the latter is not too high.
For a given metal and frequency of incident radiation, the rate at which photoelectrons are ejected is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
Increase in intensity of incident beam (keeping the frequency fixed) increases the magnitude of the photoelectric current, though stopping voltage remains the same.
The time lag between the incidence of radiation and the emission of a photoelectron is very small, less than 10−9 second.
The direction of distribution of emitted electrons peaks in the direction of polarization (the direction of the electric field) of the incident light, if it is linearly polarized.
Article: 2 Broke Girls
Section: Recurring cast

Question: Who is Max's love interest in season 1 and 2?

 Brooke Lyons as Peach Landis (season 1-2), a high society mother who acts like the most clueless version of that.
She is the woman whose babies, Brad and Angelina (a reference to real-life actors Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie), Max babysits for.
She fired Max from that job to appease an awful friend of hers after a cupcake-catering mishap, and after she begged Max to return full-time, Max decided that she would only return in a part-time capacity.
Her last appearance was in the third episode of the show's second season and hasn't been seen or heard from since.
 Nick Zano as Johnny (seasons 1–2), Max's on-again-off-again love interest.
He told Max he broke up with Cashandra and was getting married to another women he just met a week ago in the season 1 finale.
He was not seen again until the episode "And the Big Opening" of season 2, in which he and Max had sex.
He and Max both agreed that they only wanted each other when they were taken by another person.
He left at the end of that episode promising her he would see her again someday.
 Ryan Hansen as Andy (season 2), a candy store owner whose business was across from the cupcake store, and Caroline's love interest in season 2.
 Federico Dordei as Luis (season 3), a flamboyant man who becomes the new day waiter in the third season episode "And the Group Head", who likes Oleg.
 Gilles Marini as Nicolas (season 3), a French "master baker" who owns and teaches at the Manhattan School of Pastry; he was Caroline's love interest, until she realized he is married in "And the French Kiss".
 Mary Lynn Rajskub as Bebe (season 3), a neurotic pastry chef who works at the front desk of the Manhattan School of Pastry.
 Eric André as Deacon "Deke" Bromberg (season 3), a sarcastic student at the Pastry School who quickly becomes Max's friend and later boyfriend.
He's the second person Max says "I love you" to (the first being Caroline).
It's later revealed he's rich, his parents owning a large elevator company.
 Patrick Cox as John (season 3), a large homosexual bald man who shares a table in the pastry school classroom with Max, who nicknames him "Big Mary".
Article: Anatomy
Section: Research and practice

Question: How is anatomy different from physiology?

Human anatomy.
Research and practice.
Human anatomy, including gross human anatomy and histology, is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.
It differs from physiology in that anatomy is about the morphology of biological structures, while physiology is the way those structures actually work.
Generally, students of certain biological sciences, paramedics, prosthetists and orthotists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, and medical students learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures and tutorials, and in addition, medical students generally also learn gross anatomy through practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers.
The study of microscopic anatomy (or histology) can be aided by practical experience examining histological preparations (or slides) under a microscope.
Human anatomy, physiology and biochemistry are complementary basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school.
Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically; that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
The major anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy, has been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format, in line with modern teaching methods.
A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required by physicians, especially surgeons and doctors working in some diagnostic specialties, such as histopathology and radiology.
Academic human anatomists are usually employed by universities, medical schools or teaching hospitals.
They are often involved in teaching anatomy, and research into certain systems, organs, tissues or cells.
Article: Cake
Section: Special-purpose cakes

Question: What cakes are associated with Christmas?

Cakes may be classified according to the occasion for which they are intended.
For example, wedding cakes, birthday cakes, cakes for first communion, Christmas cakes, Halloween cakes and Passover plava (a type of sponge cake sometimes made with matzo meal) are all identified primarily according to the celebration they are intended to accompany.
The cutting of a wedding cake constitutes a social ceremony in some cultures.
The Ancient Roman marriage ritual of "confarreatio" originated in the sharing of a cake.
Particular types of cake may be associated with particular festivals, such as stollen or chocolate log (at Christmas), babka and simnel cake (at Easter), or mooncake.
There has been a long tradition of decorating an iced cake at Christmas time; other cakes associated with Christmas include chocolate log and mince pies.
Article: Blackfish (film)
Section: Home media

Question: A CNN special was broadcasted after Blackfish. Which news anchors did it feature?

"Blackfish" was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 26, 2013 in the UK (Region 2, PAL).
Its US release was on November 12, 2013.
The documentary was broadcast on CNN on October 24, 2013.
After the broadcast, CNN aired an Anderson Cooper special with Jack Hanna, Gabriela Cowperthwaite, Naomi Rose and Jack Hurley.
This was followed by a special edition of "Crossfire" with "Blackfish" associate producer Tim Zimmermann debating Grey Stafford, a conservationist, zoologist, and member of the International Marine Animal Trainers Association.
The documentary aired on BBC Four in the UK on November 21, 2013 as part of the "Storyville" documentary series.
Article: Friends
Section: Season 9

Question: How does season nine begin?

Season nine begins with Ross and Rachel living together as roommates with baby Emma.
Monica and Chandler try to conceive a baby of their own but find out that they are unable to, due to health restrictions.
Phoebe begins dating Mike Hannigan (Paul Rudd), and chooses to be with him over her ex-boyfriend David (Hank Azaria).
Rachel and Emma move in with Joey in the middle of the season, and Rachel develops romantic feelings for him, while the rest of the "friends" try hard to get Ross and Rachel back together.
The group travels to Barbados in the finale to hear Ross give a keynote speech at a palaeontology conference.
Joey and his girlfriend Charlie (Aisha Tyler) break up, and she begins a relationship with Ross.
Joey and Rachel's feelings for each other return, and the finale ends with them kissing.
Article: Ice hockey
Section: Head injuries

Question: When was the testing protocol implemented?

According to the Hughston Health Alert, "Lacerations to the head, scalp, and face are the most frequent types of injury hockey."
(Schmidt 6) Even a shallow cut to the head results in a loss of a large amount of blood.
Most concussions occur during player to player contact (49%) rather than when a player is checked into the boards (35%).
Not only are lacerations common, “it is estimated that direct trauma accounts for 80% of all injuries.
Most of these injuries are caused by player contact, falls and contact with a puck, high stick and occasionally, a skate blade.” (Schmidt 3) One of the causes of head injury is checking from behind.
Due to the danger of delivering a check from behind, many leagues, including the NHL have made this a major and gross misconduct penalty (called "boarding").
Another type of check that accounts for many of the player to player contact concussions is a check to the head.
A check to the head can be defined as delivering a hit while the receiving player’s head is down and their waist is bent and the aggressor is targeting the receiving player's head.
Checks to the head have accounted for nearly 50% of concussions that players in the National Hockey League have suffered.
Concussions that players suffer may go unreported because there are no obvious physical signs if a player is not knocked unconscious.
This can prove to be dangerous if a player decides to return to play without receiving proper medical attention.
In recent years there has been debate over whether or not a check to head should be deemed an acceptable hit in hockey.
In March 2011, the NHL instituted a new concussion testing protocol to help improve detection of concussions during gameplay
Article: Snorkeling
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the biggest draw of snorkeling?

Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a snorkel, and usually fins.
In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.
Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods of time with relatively little effort.
Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort and scuba diving locations.
The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.
It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.
It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.
Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams.
Article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Section: Original plan: Kidnapping the president

Question: what year did the confederates call to the union?

In March 1864, Ulysses S. Grant, the commanding general of all the Union's armies, decided to suspend the exchange of prisoners-of-war.
As harsh as it may have been on the prisoners of both sides, Grant realized the exchange was prolonging the war by returning soldiers to the outnumbered and manpower-starved South.
John Wilkes Booth, a Southerner and outspoken Confederate sympathizer, conceived a plan to kidnap President Lincoln and deliver him to the Confederate Army, to be held hostage until the North agreed to resume exchanging prisoners.
Booth recruited Samuel Arnold, George Atzerodt, David Herold, Michael O'Laughlen, Lewis Powell (also known as "Lewis Paine"), and John Surratt to help him.
Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt, left her tavern in Surrattsville, Maryland, and moved to a house in Washington, D.C., where Booth became a frequent visitor.
In late 1860, Booth had been initiated in the pro-Confederate Knights of the Golden Circle in Baltimore.
He attended Lincoln's second inauguration on March 4, 1865, as the invited guest of his secret fiancée Lucy Hale, daughter of John P. Hale, soon to become United States Ambassador to Spain.
Booth afterwards wrote in his diary, "What an excellent chance I had, if I wished, to kill the President on Inauguration day!
"On March 17, 1865, Booth informed his conspirators that Lincoln would be attending a play, "Still Waters Run Deep", at Campbell Military Hospital.
He assembled his men in a restaurant at the edge of town, intending that they should soon join him on a nearby stretch of road in order to capture the President on his way back from the hospital.
But Booth found out that Lincoln had not gone to the play after all.
Instead, he had attended a ceremony at the National Hotel in which officers of the 142nd Indiana Infantry presented Governor Oliver Morton with a captured Confederate battle flag.
Booth was living at the National Hotel at the time and could have had an opportunity to kill Lincoln had Booth not been at the hospital.
Meanwhile, the Confederacy was falling apart.
On April 3, Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital, fell to the Union army.
On April 9, the Army of Northern Virginia, the main army of the Confederacy, surrendered to the Army of the Potomac at Appomattox Court House.
Confederate President Jefferson Davis and the rest of his government were in full flight.
Despite many Southerners giving up hope, Booth continued to believe in his cause.
On April 11, 1865, two days after Lee's army surrendered to Grant, Booth attended a speech at the White House in which Lincoln supported the idea of enfranchising the former slaves.
Furiously provoked, Booth decided on assassination and is quoted as saying:That means
Article: Fencing
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the most common version of fencing today?

Fencing is the activity of fighting with swords.
The most common version of fencing today, also called olympic fencing or competitive fencing, is divided into three weapon categories: foil, sabre and épée.
Classical fencing uses the same three weapons, but approaches fencing as a martial art.
Competitive fencing is one of five sports which has been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games, the other four being Athletics, Cycling, Swimming, and Gymnastics.
Article: Singapore
Section: Demographics

Question: What percentage of people in Singapore own their own homes?

, the population of Singapore is 5.312 million people, of whom 3.285 million (62%) are citizens while the rest (38%) are permanent residents or foreign workers/students.
Twenty-three percent of Singaporean citizens were born outside Singapore (i.e.
foreign born citizens).
There are half a million permanent residents in Singapore in 2012.
The resident population does not take into account the 11 million transient visitors who visit Singapore annually.
The median age of Singaporeans is 37 years old and the average household size is 3.5 persons.
Due to scarcity of land, four out of five Singaporeans live in subsidised, high-rise, public housing apartments known as Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats, after the board responsible for public housing in the country.
Live-in domestic helpers are quite common in Singapore and there are nearly 200,000 domestic helpers there.
In 2010, three quarters of Singaporean residents live in properties that are equal to or larger than a four-room HDB flat or in private housing.
Home ownership rate is at 87.2%.
Mobile phone penetration rate is extremely high at 1,400 mobile phone subscribers per 1000 people.
Around 1 in 10 residents owns a car.
The total fertility rate is estimated to be .79 children per woman in 2013, the lowest in the world and well below the 2.1 needed to replace the population.
To overcome this problem, the Singapore government has been encouraging foreigners to immigrate to Singapore for the past few decades.
The large number of immigrants has kept Singapore's population from declining.
Singapore traditionally has one of the lowest unemployment rates among developed countries.
The Singaporean unemployment rate has not exceeded 4% in the past decade, hitting a high of 3% during the 2009 global financial crisis and falling to 1.9% in 2011., about 40% of Singapore's residents were foreigners, one of the highest percentage in the world.
The government is considering capping these workers, although it has been recognised that they are crucial to the country's economy, as foreign workers make up 80% of the construction industry and up to 50% of the service industry.
In 2009, the government census reports that 74.2% of residents were of Chinese, 13.4% of Malay, and 9.2% of Indian descent, while Eurasians and other groups form 3.2%.
Prior to 2010, each person could register as a member of only one race, by default that of his or her father, therefore, mixed-race persons were solely grouped under their father's race in government censuses.
From 2010 onward, people may register using a "double-barrelled" classification, in which they may choose one primary race and one secondary race, but no more than two.
Article: Mongolia
Section: Cuisine

Question: Noodle in Russian

Mongolian cuisine refers to the local culinary traditions of Mongolia and Mongolian styled dishes.
The extreme continental climate has affected the traditional diet, so the Mongolian cuisine primarily consists of dairy products, meat, and animal fats.
Use of vegetables and spices is limited.
Due to geographic proximity and deep historic ties, Mongolian cuisine is also influenced by Chinese and Russian cuisine.
In fact, one of the most popular dishes is called "buuz", which is a steamed dumpling.
Many people mistake it for being one of the national dishes, when in fact it is of Chinese origin.
Another popular dish is called "lapsha", a simple noodle dish.
The word is actually Russian for noodles.