community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Grand Central Terminal
Section: Terminal City

Question: When was the studio space renovated as a sports club?

The construction of Grand Central created a mini-city within New York, including the Commodore Hotel and various office buildings.
It spurred construction throughout the neighborhood in the 1920s including the Chrysler Building.
In 1928, the New York Central built its headquarters in a 34-story building (now called the Helmsley Building) straddling Park Avenue on the north side of the Terminal.
There is a "secret" platform, number 61, under the station.
This was once used to convey President Franklin D. Roosevelt directly into the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.
This platform was part of the original design of the Waldorf Astoria.
It was mentioned in "The New York Times" in 1929 but was first used by General Pershing in 1938.
From 1939 to 1964 CBS Television occupied a large portion of the terminal building, particularly above the main waiting room.
The space contained two production studios (41 and 42), two "program control" facilities (43 and 44), network master control, and facilities for local station WCBS-TV.
In 1958, the first major videotape operations facility in the world opened in a former rehearsal room on the seventh floor of the main terminal building.
The facility used fourteen Ampex VR-1000 videotape recorders.
The "CBS Evening News" began its broadcasts there with Douglas Edwards.
Many historic news events were broadcast from this location, such as John Glenn's Mercury-Atlas 6 space mission and Walter Cronkite's coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Edward R. Murrow's "See It Now" originated from Grand Central, including his famous broadcasts on Senator Joseph McCarthy.
The Murrow broadcasts were recreated in George Clooney's movie "Good Night, and Good Luck", although the CBS News and corporate offices were not actually in the same building as the film implies.
The long-running panel show "What's My Line?"
was first broadcast from the GCT studios, as were "The Goldbergs" and "Mama".
The facility's operations were later moved to the CBS Broadcast Center.
In 1966, the former studio space was converted to a sports club with two tennis courts and was operated by Donald Trump from 1984 to 2009.
The space is currently occupied by a conductor lounge and a smaller sports facility with a single tennis court.
Article: Henri Matisse
Section: The war years

Question: What year was Matisse's student Rudolf Levy killed?

He and his wife of 41 years separated in 1939.
In 1941, he underwent surgery in which a colostomy was performed.
Afterwards he started using a wheelchair, and until his death he was cared for by a Russian woman, Lydia Delektorskaya, formerly one of his models.
With the aid of assistants he set about creating cut paper collages, often on a large scale, called "gouaches découpés".
His Blue Nudes series feature prime examples of this technique he called "painting with scissors"; they demonstrate the ability to bring his eye for colour and geometry to a new medium of utter simplicity, but with playful and delightful power.
In the 1940s he also worked as a graphic artist and produced black-and-white illustrations for several books and over one hundred original lithographs at the Mourlot Studios in Paris.
In 1941, a nursing student named Monique Bourgeois responded to an ad placed by Matisse for a nurse.
A platonic friendship developed between Matisse and Bourgeois.
He discovered that she was an amateur artist, and taught her about perspective.
After Bourgeois left the position, Matisse sometimes contacted her to request that she model for him.
Bourgeois became a Dominican nun in 1946.
Matisse was much admired and repeatedly referred to by the Greek Nobelist poet Odysseas Elytis.
Elytis was introduced to Matisse through their common friend Tériade, during the work on the "Cutouts".
Matisse had painted the wall of the dining room of Tériade's residence, the "Villa Natacha" in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, which Elytis also mentioned in his poems.
Matisse, thoroughly unpolitical, was shocked when he heard that his daughter Marguerite, who had been active in the Résistance during the war, was tortured (almost to death) in a Rennes prison and sentenced to the Ravensbrück concentration camp.
(Marguerite avoided further imprisonment by escaping from the Ravensbrück-bound train, which was halted during an Allied air strike; she survived in the woods until rescued by fellow resisters.
)Matisse's student Rudolf Levy was killed in the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1944.
In 1947 he published "Jazz", a limited-edition artist's book of about one hundred prints of colourful paper cut collages, accompanied by his written thoughts.
Tériade, a noted twentieth-century art publisher, arranged to have Matisse's cutouts rendered as pochoir (stencil) prints.
Article: Bacteria
Section: Origin and early evolution

Question: Are gene sequences used to reconstruct baterial phylogeny?

The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago.
For about 3 billion years, all organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life.
Although bacterial fossils exist, such as stromatolites, their lack of distinctive morphology prevents them from being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution, or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species.
However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct the bacterial phylogeny, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged first from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage.
Bacteria were also involved in the second great evolutionary divergence, that of the archaea and eukaryotes.
Here, eukaryotes resulted from the entering of ancient bacteria into endosymbiotic associations with the ancestors of eukaryotic cells, which were themselves possibly related to the Archaea.
This involved the engulfment by proto-eukaryotic cells of alpha-proteobacterial symbionts to form either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, which are still found in all known Eukarya (sometimes in highly reduced form, e.g.
in ancient "amitochondrial" protozoa).
Later on, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms.
This led to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants.
There are also some algae that originated from even later endosymbiotic events.
Here, eukaryotes engulfed a eukaryotic algae that developed into a "second-generation" plastid.
This is known as secondary endosymbiosis.
Article: The Terminator
Section: Post-production

Question: Who composed the soundtrack for The Terminator?

After production finished on "The Terminator", some post-production shots were needed.
These included scenes showing the Terminator outside Sarah Connor's apartment, Reese being zipped into a body bag, and the Terminator's head being crushed in a press.
The film's soundtrack was synthesizer music composed by Brad Fiedel.
Fiedel described the film's music as being about "a mechanical man and his heartbeat".
Almost all the music in the film was performed live.
"The Terminator"s theme is played over the opening credits and is played in various points in the film in sped up versions: a slowed down version when Reese dies, and a piano version during the love scene.
Fiedel created music for when Reese and Connor escape from the police station that would be appropriate for a "heroic moment".
Cameron turned down this theme, as he believed it would lose the audience's excitement.
The soundtrack to the film was released in 1984.
Article: Prison Break
Section: Alleged copyright infringement

Question: What was the name of Robert Hughes' brother?

On October 24, 2006, the Associated Press reported that Donald and Robert Hughes filed a lawsuit against Fox Broadcasting Company and the show's executive producer and creator, Paul Scheuring, for copyright infringement, seeking unspecified damages and other costs.
They claimed that in 2001, they had sent Fox their manuscript which was based on their own experiences of a prison break at a juvenile facility.
In the 1960s, Donald Hughes planned and successfully executed a prison escape for his brother, Robert Hughes, who was wrongfully incarcerated.
Article: Somebody That I Used to Know
Section: Accolades

Question: What artist received the 2011 ARIA Music Awards Single of the Year?

On 15 July 2011, the song finished third in the 2011 Vanda & Young Songwriting Competition, with the winning song, "Cameo Lover", by Kimbra.
Earlier that year, Gotye had first noticed Kimbra when both were short-listed as finalists for the competition.
At the ARIA Music Awards of 2011, "Somebody That I Used To Know" won Single of the Year, Best Pop Release, Best Video (for Natasha Pincus), Engineer of the Year (for François Tétaz) and Producer of the Year (for Gotye).
Gotye also won Best Male Artist for the song while Kimbra won Best Female Artist for her previous single, "Cameo Lover".
At the APRA Music Awards of 2012, "Somebody That I Used To Know" won Most Played Australian Work and Song of the Year and Gotye won Songwriter of the Year.
It is also nominated at the 2012 Teen Choice Awards for "Choice Rock Song" and "Choice Break-Up Song".
The song was nominated at the 55th Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, winning both awards.
Article: How I Met Your Mother
Section: Season 8

Question: Where does Ted move after the wedding?

Ted visits Robin on the day of her wedding to Barney, causing him to remember how he and Victoria ran away from her wedding to be together.
The summer is spent with Ted, Barney and Robin enjoying their current relationships however all subsequently break up with their partners.
Victoria splits up with Ted over his friendship with Robin, Barney and Quinn break up due to their inability to trust each other and Robin breaks up with Nick realizing his immaturity.
Robin and Barney kiss but decide not to get together, despite Barney's wishes.
Barney then begins dating Robin's hated co-worker Patrice (Ellen D. Williams), a relationship later exposed as a ruse to make Robin realize her true feelings for him.
In a culminating scene Barney proposes to Robin, who says yes.
Marshall and Lily attempt to get used to being parents, which causes a brief estrangement from the gang as Baby Marvin takes up the majority of their time.
Lily's father Mickey becomes Marvin's nanny, freeing the two up to spend more time with their friends.
The Captain, ex-husband of Ted's old girlfriend Zoey, offers Lily a job as an art consultant due to her identifying a painting that made a huge profit for him.
Lily accepts, happy to finally achieve her dream of having a job in the art industry while Marshall decides to apply to become a judge.
The Captain offers Lilly a year's work in Rome, which she accepts with Marshall's blessing.
However, just before Barney and Robin's wedding, Marshall is informed that his application to become a judge has been granted, a development that would require them to stay in the US.
Ted briefly dates Jeanette (Abby Elliott), a girl who stalked him after he appeared on the cover of "New York Magazine" due to his design of GNB headquarters.
He quickly realizes he's made a mistake and breaks up with her.
Ted's feelings of loneliness grow, especially as he is now the only single member of the group, and he decides he is truly ready to settle down.
He argues with Lily over hiring a DJ or a band for Barney and Robin's wedding, but is forced to provide a band at short notice when Lily concedes the argument.
During a chance meeting on the subway, Cindy offers the services of her roommate's wedding band; said roommate is Ted's future wife.
As the week of the wedding approaches, Robin has doubts about marrying Barney and shares an emotional moment with Ted.
Guilty, Ted realizes he can't be around Barney and Robin after they're married and decides to move to Chicago the day after the wedding.
The season concludes with everyone travelling to Barney and Robin's wedding, including the mother of Ted's children (revealed on screen for the first time and portrayed by Cristin Milioti), who is seen buying a train ticket to the venue and holding her yellow umbrella.
Article: The Kid with a Bike
Section: Reception

Question: Was The Kid With a Bike received well

The film received near universal acclaim.
It scored a 96% "Certified Fresh" approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 109 reviews; the film review aggregate site described the critical consensus that the film "is a heart-wrenching, thematically and spiritually rich drama."
Jonathan Romney wrote in "Screen Daily": "After the slightly sub-par "Lorna's Silence" (2008), the brothers are back on peerless form with this story of innocence betrayed and befriended, which must count as one of the best films about childhood since "Kes" – or for that matter "Bicycle Thieves", to which it surely nods."
Romney further commented: "Shooting as usual with cinematographer Alain Marcoen, and in their familiar stamping ground of Seraing, the brothers this time bring a somewhat different, airier look to their locations, more suburban than in the past.
Marcoen's camerawork, also, is rather more free-wheeling than the tightly constrained (and often imitated) tightness of "The Son"."
At the 2011 London Film Festival it was among "Sight & Sound"s 30 recommendations; according to them, "The Dardenne brothers may be the most consistently high-achieving filmmakers of our time – the kings, if you like, of poetic neorealism.
Like all their films, "Le Gamin au vélo" ("The Kid with a Bike") is near perfect."
Upon its March 2012 UK release, Peter Bradshaw gave it (four stars out of 5) and said it "revive the memory of De Sica's 1948 classic "Bicycle Thieves""; it is a "heartfelt, boldly direct film composed in the social-realist key signature of C major, revisiting the film-makers' classic themes of parenthood, trust and love.
"On the negative side, one critic called the film "trite" and its thinking "lazy", while another reviewer called it "formulaic" and "superficial".
Article: Navy Pier
Section: Abstract

Question: If I wanted to go to Navy Pier, where would I go?

Navy Pier is a long pier on the Chicago shoreline of Lake Michigan.
It is located in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area.
The pier was built in 1916 at a cost of $4.5 million.
It was a part of the Plan of Chicago developed by architect and city planner Daniel Burnham and his associates.
As Municipal Pier #2 (Municipal Pier #1 was never built), Navy Pier was planned and built to serve as a mixed-purpose piece of public infrastructure.
Its primary purpose was as a cargo facility for lake freighters, and warehouses were built up and down the Pier.
However, the Pier was also designed to provide docking space for passenger excursion steamers, and in the pre–air conditioning era parts of the Pier, especially its outermost tip, were designed to serve as cool places for public gathering and entertainment.
The Pier even had its own tram.
Today, Navy Pier is Chicago's number one tourist attraction.
Article: Party Rock Anthem
Section: Television, films and video games

Question: Which American television series used the song "Party Rock Anthem"?

In popular culture.
Television, films and video games.
"Party Rock Anthem" was used in several TV series such as in the first episode of "Awkward", in the season 3, episode 8 of "Glee", in the season 5, episode 12 of "Gossip Girl", in the season 3 finale of "Parenthood", episode 5 of 2 Broke Girls, in season 4, episode 14 of "Parks and Recreation", in the eighth season of "So You Think You Can Dance" and in the "South Park" episode "City Sushi".
It was also used in the opening titles for the Australian reality game show, "The Renovators".
There is a spoof of the song in the popular YouTube web series "The Annoying Orange" episode "Party Rock".
The song was also used in a Bat Mitzvah sketch in a "Saturday Night Live" episode hosted by Channing Tatum and in Australia's Got Talent 2011 sung by Timomatic.
Quest Crew danced to it on the season 6 finale of "America's Best Dance Crew".
On the episode 8 of "America's Best Dance Crews season 7, contestants 8Flavahz danced to the song.
The song was covered by Alvin and the Chipmunks and The Chipettes with lyric changes in the 2011 film ' and appears on its .
It was also featured in the trailer for the 2011 Lionsgate film "Madea's Big Happy Family".
It is also heard in the video games "Just Dance 3" and "FIFA Street".
The videogame "Dance Central 2" uses it on the DLC, which was released on February 28, 2012.
In "World of Warcraft", the dance emote for the male Pandaren is based on this song's choreography.
Article: Mexican muralism
Section: Influence

Question: Where can murals be found?

After nearly a century since the beginning of the movement, Mexican artists still produce murals and other forms of art with the same “mestizo” message.
Murals can be found in government buildings, former churches and schools in nearly every part of the country.
One recent example is a cross cultural project in 2009 to paint a mural in the municipal market of Teotitlán del Valle, a small town in the state of Oaxaca.
High school and college student from Georgia, United States, collaborated with town authorities to design and paint a mural to promote nutrition, environmental protection, education and the preservation of Zapotec language and customs.
Mexican muralism brought mural painting back to the forefront of Western art in the 20th century with its influence spreading abroad, especially promoting the idea of mural painting as a form of promoting social and political ideas.
It offered an alternative to non-representational abstraction after World War I with figurative works that reflect society and its immediate concerns.
While most Mexican muralists had little desire to be part of the international art scene, their influence spread to other parts of the Americas.
Notable muralists influenced by Mexican muralism include Carlos Mérida of Guatemala, Oswaldo Guayasamín of Ecuador and Candido Portinari of Brazil .
Rivera, Orozco, and Siqueiros all spent time in the United States.
Orozco was the first to paint murals in the late 1920s at Pomona College in Claremont, California, staying until 1934 and becoming popular with academic institutions.
During the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration employed artists to paint murals, which paved the way for Mexican muralists to find commissions in the country.
Rivera lived in the United States from 1930 to 1934.
During this time, he put on an influential show of his easel work at the Museum of Modern Art.
The success of Orozco and Rivera prompted U.S. artists to study in Mexico and opened doors for many other Mexican artists to find work in the country.
Siqueiros did not fare as well.
He was exiled to the US from Mexico in 1932, moving to Los Angeles.
During this time, he painted three murals, but they were painted over.
América Tropical, the only surviving public mural by David Alfaro Siqueiros in the United States is being conserved and construction of an adjoining visitor center is expected to be completed by 2012 or 2013.
The concept of mural as political message was transplanted to the United States, especially in the former Mexican territory of the Southwest.
It served as inspiration to the later Chicano Mural Movement but the political messages are different.
Article: Blow Me (One Last Kiss)
Section: Track listing

Question: Where can you get the album for Blow Me (One Last Kiss)?

 Digital download
 "Blow Me (One Last Kiss)" — 4:16
"Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (Fred Falke Radio Edit)
 CD/Digital single
 "Blow Me (One Last Kiss)" — 4:16
 "The King Is Dead but the Queen Is Alive" (Pink, Billy Mann, Butch Walker, Niklas "Nikey" Olovson, Robin Lynch) — 3:44
Article: Archery
Section: A modern sport

Question: When was the last Indian Yahi tribe named Ishi get out of hiding from California?

The 1840s saw the first attempts at turning the recreation into a modern sport.
The first Grand National Archery Society meeting was held in York in 1844 and over the next decade the extravagant and festive practices of the past were gradually whittled away and the rules were standardised as the 'York Round' - a series of shoots at 60, 80, and 100 yards.
Horace A. Ford helped to improve archery standards and pioneered new archery techniques.
He won the Grand National 11 times in a row and published a highly influential guide to the sport in 1856.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the sport experienced declining participation as alternative sports such as croquet and tennis became more popular among the middle class.
By 1889, just 50 archery clubs were left in Britain, but it was still included as a sport at the 1900 Paris Olympics.
In the United States, primitive archery was revived in the early 20th century.
The last of the Yahi Indian tribe, a native known as Ishi, came out of hiding in California in 1911.
His doctor, Saxton Pope, learned many of Ishi's traditional archery skills, and popularized them.
The Pope and Young Club, founded in 1961 and named in honor of Pope and his friend, Arthur Young, became one of North America's leading bowhunting and conservation organizations.
Founded as a nonprofit scientific organization, the Club was patterned after the prestigious Boone and Crockett Club and advocated responsible bowhunting by promoting quality, fair chase hunting, and sound conservation practices.
From the 1920s, professional engineers took an interest in archery, previously the exclusive field of traditional craft experts.
They led the commercial development of new forms of bow including the modern recurve and compound bow.
These modern forms are now dominant in modern Western archery; traditional bows are in a minority.
In the 1980s, the skills of traditional archery were revived by American enthusiasts, and combined with the new scientific understanding.
Much of this expertise is available in the "Traditional Bowyer's Bibles" (see Additional reading).
Modern game archery owes much of its success to Fred Bear, an American bow hunter and bow manufacturer.
Article: Astrophysics
Section: History

Question: What is spectroscopy?

Although astronomy is as ancient as recorded history itself, it was long separated from the study of terrestrial physics.
In the Aristotelian worldview, bodies in the sky appeared to be unchanging spheres whose only motion was uniform motion in a circle, while the earthly world was the realm which underwent growth and decay and in which natural motion was in a straight line and ended when the moving object reached its goal.
Consequently, it was held that the celestial region was made of a fundamentally different kind of matter from that found in the terrestrial sphere; either Fire as maintained by Plato, or Aether as maintained by Aristotle.
In the 17th century, natural philosophers such as Galileo, Descartes, and Newton began to maintain that the celestial and terrestrial regions were made of similar kinds of material and were subject to the same natural laws.
At the end of the 19th century, it was discovered that, when decomposing the light from the Sun, a multitude of spectral lines were observed (regions where there was less or no light).
Laboratory experiments with hot gases showed that the same lines could be observed in the spectra of known gases, specific lines corresponding to unique chemical elements.
In this way it was proved that the chemical elements found in the Sun and stars (chiefly hydrogen) were also found on Earth.
Indeed, the element helium was first discovered in the spectrum of the Sun and only later found on Earth, hence its name.
During the 20th century, spectroscopy (the study of these spectral lines) advanced, particularly as a result of the advent of quantum physics that was necessary to understand the astronomical and experimental observations.
See also:
 Timeline of knowledge about galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large-scale structure
 Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae
 Timeline of black hole physics
 Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity