community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Wadjda
Section: Abstract

Question: Where was Wadjda filmed?

Wadjda () is a 2012 Saudi Arabian–German film, written and directed by Haifaa al-Mansour.
It is the first feature film shot entirely in Saudi Arabia and is the first feature-length film made by a female Saudi director.
It has won numerous awards at film festivals around the world.
The film was selected as the Saudi Arabian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
It was the first time Saudi Arabia submitted a film for the Best Foreign Language Oscar.
Article: Johannes Vermeer
Section: Rediscovery and legacy

Question: Which famous 20th century artist was an admirer of Vermeer?

For two centuries after Vermeer's death, his works were appreciated by a number of connoisseurs in Holland—although attributed in many cases to better-known artists such as Metsu or Mieris—but were largely overlooked by art historians.
The Delft master's modern rediscovery began about 1860, when the German museum director Gustav Waagen saw "The Art of Painting" in the Czernin gallery in Vienna, and recognized as a Vermeer the work which was at that time attributed to Pieter de Hooch.
Research by Théophile Thoré-Bürger culminated in the publication in 1866 of his catalogue raisonné of Vermeer's works in the "Gazette des Beaux-Arts".
Thoré-Bürger's catalogue, which drew international attention to Vermeer, listed more than seventy works by Vermeer, including many he regarded as uncertain.
The accepted number of Vermeer's paintings today is thirty-four.
Upon the rediscovery of Vermeer's work, several prominent Dutch artists, including Simon Duiker, modelled their style on his work.
Other artists who were inspired by Vermeer include the Danish painter Wilhelm Hammershoi and the American Thomas Wilmer Dewing.
In the 20th century, Vermeer's admirers included Salvador Dalí, who painted his own version of "The Lacemaker" and pitted large copies of the original against a rhinoceros in some now-famous surrealist experiments.
Dali also immortalized the Dutch Master in "The Ghost of Vermeer of Delft Which Can Be Used As a Table", 1934.
Han van Meegeren was a 20th-century Dutch painter who worked in the classical tradition.
Motivated by a blend of aesthetic and financial reasons, van Meegeren became a master forger, creating and selling many new 'Vermeers' before being caught and tried.
Article: Pakistan
Section: Nuclear power

Question: What year did Pakistan sign an agreement with China for their assistance in building nuclear power plants?

As of 2012, nuclear power in Pakistan is provided by three licensed-commercial nuclear power plants.
Pakistan is the first Muslim country in the world to construct and operate civil nuclear power plants.
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), the scientific and nuclear governmental agency, is solely responsible for operating these power plants.
As of 2012, the electricity generated by commercial nuclear power plants constitutes roughly ~3.6% of electricity generated in Pakistan, compared to ~62% from fossil fuel, ~33% from hydroelectric power and ~0.3% from coal.
Pakistan is one of the four nuclear armed states (along with India, Israel, and North Korea) that is not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but is a member in good standing of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
The People's Republic of China has been a strong vocal and avid supporter of Pakistan's nuclear power generation programme from early on.
In 2005, both Pakistan government and the Chinese government adopted an Energy Security Plan, calling for a huge increase in generating capacity to more than 160,000 MWe by 2030.
Pakistan Government plans for lifting nuclear capacity to 8800 MWe, 900 MWe of it by 2015 and a further 1500 MWe by 2020.
In June 2008, the Pakistani Government announced plans to build commercial nuclear power plants III and IV commercial nuclear power plants at Chashma, Punjab Province, each with 320–340 MWe and costing PKR 129 billion, 80 billion of this from international sources, principally China.
A further agreement for China's help with the project was signed in October 2008, and given prominence as a counter to the US–India agreement shortly preceding it.
Cost quoted then was US$ 1.7 billion, with a foreign loan component of $1.07 billion.
Article: Free Bird
Section: Cover versions

Question: When did Wynonna Judd cover "Free Bird"?

The American dance-pop group Will to Power created a medley of this song and the 1976 Peter Frampton song "Baby, I Love Your Way" in 1988.
Titled "Baby, I Love Your Way/Freebird Medley", it spent one week at No.
1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart.
It was also covered by Wynonna Judd on the 1994 tribute album "Skynyrd Frynds".
The song was also covered by Bronx Casket Co. on their 2005 album "Hellectric" in Goth style.
American Jam band Phish often performs an A cappella version of the song live.
Article: Las Vegas Strip
Section: Pedestrian traffic

Question: Can you walk the entire length of the Las Vegas Strip?

Pedestrians can walk the length of the Las Vegas Strip with wide sidewalks in many places.
Sidewalks can get crowded in the evenings and early mornings, especially on weekend nights.
Crowds also gather near the outdoor shows at The Mirage, Treasure Island and Bellagio.
To improve pedestrian safety and help alleviate traffic congestion at popular intersections, several pedestrian footbridges were erected.
Some feature designs which match the theme of the nearby resorts.
The Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard footbridges were the first to be installed, and based on the success of this project additional footbridges have been built on Las Vegas Boulevard at the Flamingo Road intersection connecting Bellagio, Caesar's Palace, Bally's, and The Cromwell; between The Mirage/Treasure Island and The Venetian, and at the Las Vegas Boulevard-Spring Mountain and Sands Avenue intersection connecting the Wynn with the Fashion Show Mall, The Palazzo and Treasure Island.
The latest to be completed connects Planet Hollywood, CityCenter and The Cosmopolitan at the Harmon Avenue intersection.
Article: We Are Young
Section: Critical reception

Question: What year did the song win a Grammy?

"We Are Young" has received generally positive reviews from critics.
Jody Rosen of "Rolling Stone" called the song "rollickingly catchy," writing that "Ruess' knack for the anthemic is matched by Gen-Y humor – emo self-deprecation that leavens the bombast."
In addition, fellow "Rolling Stone" columnist Steve Knopper compared the song's crossover success to that of Foster the People's "Pumped Up Kicks" (2011), writing that the song displays a "sprightly pop-novelty feel" that is the best track on the album.
Al Shipley of "The Village Voice" agreed with this comparison, attributing the song's success to the changing music industry as a result of advertising and iTunes.
MTV News called "We Are Young" the band's "breakout anthem" and one of the year's most unlikely sensations.RJ Cubarrubia of "Billboard" commended the band for taking their "warm retro sound into soaring ballad territory," calling the track a "bold statement."
He did however, criticize the small inclusion of Janelle Monáe in the track: "Monáe's guest spot is a missed opportunity, as the budding R&B star is relegated to background harmonies instead of adding something soulful and special to an already powerful hook."
Bill Lamb of About.com praised the chorus stating : "We Are Young" carries a hook in the chorus that is likely to stop many listeners dead in their tracks the first time they hear it.
The second time around this just might have become your new favorite song.
However Luke Lewis of "NME" gave a highly negative review of the song, giving a 5 out of 10 stating: "It's not clear what compelled Janelle Monáe to work with these New York-based Panic!
at the Disco soundalikes.
They're hardly natural bedfellows, and her input is limited to a brief vocal.
It's a winning formula though – this stirring emo ballad went to Number One in the US.
This year's Owl City then, if that concept doesn't chill your blood.
"The song won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards, where it was also a nominee for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.
Article: Johannes Vermeer
Section: Rediscovery and legacy

Question: What artist admired Vermeer?

For two centuries after Vermeer's death, his works were appreciated by a number of connoisseurs in Holland—although attributed in many cases to better-known artists such as Metsu or Mieris—but were largely overlooked by art historians.
The Delft master's modern rediscovery began about 1860, when the German museum director Gustav Waagen saw "The Art of Painting" in the Czernin gallery in Vienna, and recognized as a Vermeer the work which was at that time attributed to Pieter de Hooch.
Research by Théophile Thoré-Bürger culminated in the publication in 1866 of his catalogue raisonné of Vermeer's works in the "Gazette des Beaux-Arts".
Thoré-Bürger's catalogue, which drew international attention to Vermeer, listed more than seventy works by Vermeer, including many he regarded as uncertain.
The accepted number of Vermeer's paintings today is thirty-four.
Upon the rediscovery of Vermeer's work, several prominent Dutch artists, including Simon Duiker, modelled their style on his work.
Other artists who were inspired by Vermeer include the Danish painter Wilhelm Hammershoi and the American Thomas Wilmer Dewing.
In the 20th century, Vermeer's admirers included Salvador Dalí, who painted his own version of "The Lacemaker" and pitted large copies of the original against a rhinoceros in some now-famous surrealist experiments.
Dali also immortalized the Dutch Master in "The Ghost of Vermeer of Delft Which Can Be Used As a Table", 1934.
Han van Meegeren was a 20th-century Dutch painter who worked in the classical tradition.
Motivated by a blend of aesthetic and financial reasons, van Meegeren became a master forger, creating and selling many new 'Vermeers' before being caught and tried.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Synopsis

Question: In the video for "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", who is the lead?

The video begins with Swift in colorful pajamas recounting the events of her off and on again relationship with her ex-boyfriend (played by Noah Mills).
The video then segues into Swift going into her living room where her band is dressed up in animal costumes and Swift belts out the chorus of the song.
The video then goes to a TV where Swift says "Like, ever."
and then to the dining room where we see she returns to recounting the events of her relationship and receives a phone call from her ex who is calling her from a nightclub.
Swift hangs up on him and he walks off screen into the nightclub.
It then goes to the two in a truck having an argument then to them having a stroll in the park.
Swift then runs off and we see her on the phone telling the person on the other line how she and her ex are not getting back together and her frustration of their entire relationship.
The video then segues back to Swift's living room where a party is going on and her ex shows up unannounced trying to woo her back and she slams the door in his face.
The video ends with Swift on her window ledge where she was at the beginning of the video, singing the last line of the song.
Article: Black hole
Section: Event horizon

Question: Which effect causes time to slow down near black holes?

The defining feature of a black hole is the appearance of an event horizon—a boundary in spacetime through which matter and light can only pass inward towards the mass of the black hole.
Nothing, not even light, can escape from inside the event horizon.
The event horizon is referred to as such because if an event occurs within the boundary, information from that event cannot reach an outside observer, making it impossible to determine if such an event occurred.
As predicted by general relativity, the presence of a mass deforms spacetime in such a way that the paths taken by particles bend towards the mass.
At the event horizon of a black hole, this deformation becomes so strong that there are no paths that lead away from the black hole.
To a distant observer, clocks near a black hole appear to tick more slowly than those further away from the black hole.
Due to this effect, known as gravitational time dilation, an object falling into a black hole appears to slow down as it approaches the event horizon, taking an infinite time to reach it.
At the same time, all processes on this object slow down, for a fixed outside observer, causing emitted light to appear redder and dimmer, an effect known as gravitational redshift.
Eventually, at a point just before it reaches the event horizon, the falling object becomes so dim that it can no longer be seen.
On the other hand, an indestructible observer falling into a black hole does not notice any of these effects as he crosses the event horizon.
According to his own clock, which appears to him to tick normally, he crosses the event horizon after a finite time without noting any singular behaviour.
In particular, he is unable to determine exactly when he crosses it, as it is impossible to determine the location of the event horizon from local observations.
The shape of the event horizon of a black hole is always approximately spherical.
For non-rotating (static) black holes the geometry is precisely spherical, while for rotating black holes the sphere is somewhat oblate.
Article: Battle of Hastings
Section: Background and location

Question: The Battle of the Hastings is referred to by which Norman-French word?

Background and location.
Because many of the primary accounts contradict each other at times, it is impossible to provide a description of the battle that is beyond dispute.
The only undisputed facts are that the fighting began at 9 am on Saturday 14 October 1066 and that the battle lasted until dusk.
Sunset on the day of the battle was at 4:54 pm, with the battlefield mostly dark by 5:54 pm and in full darkness by 6:24 pm.
Moonrise that night was not until 11:12 pm, so once the sun set, there was little light on the battlefield.
William of Jumieges reports that Duke William kept his army armed and ready against a surprise night attack for the entire night before.
The battle took place north of Hastings at the present-day town of Battle, between two hills – Caldbec Hill to the north and Telham Hill to the south.
The area was heavily wooded, with a marsh nearby.
The name traditionally given to the battle is unusual – there were several settlements much closer to the battlefield than Hastings.
The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" called it the battle "at the hoary apple tree".
Within 40 years, the battle was also known as "Senlac", a Norman-French adaptation of the Old English word "Sandlacu", which means "sandy water".
This may have been the name of the stream that crosses the battlefield.
The battle was already being referred to as "bellum Hasestingas" or "Battle of Hastings" by 1087, in the "Domesday Book".
Sunrise was at 6:48 am that morning, and reports of the day record that it was unusually bright.
The weather conditions are not recorded.
The route that the English army took to the battlefield is not known precisely.
Several roads are possible: one, an old Roman road that ran from Rochester to Hastings has long been favoured because of a large coin hoard found nearby in 1876.
Another possibility is a Roman road between London and Lewes and then over local tracks to the battlefield.
Some accounts of the battle indicate that the Normans advanced from Hastings to the battlefield, but the contemporary account of William of Jumieges places the Normans at the site of the battle the night before.
Most historians incline towards the former view, but M. K. Lawson argues that William of Jumieges's account is correct.
Article: Black hole
Section: Entropy and thermodynamics

Question: When was Strominger and Vafa's black hole theory published?

Open questions.
Entropy and thermodynamics.
In 1971, Hawking showed under general conditions that the total area of the event horizons of any collection of classical black holes can never decrease, even if they collide and merge.
This result, now known as the second law of black hole mechanics, is remarkably similar to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the total entropy of a system can never decrease.
As with classical objects at absolute zero temperature, it was assumed that black holes had zero entropy.
If this were the case, the second law of thermodynamics would be violated by entropy-laden matter entering a black hole, resulting in a decrease of the total entropy of the universe.
Therefore, Bekenstein proposed that a black hole should have an entropy, and that it should be proportional to its horizon area.
The link with the laws of thermodynamics was further strengthened by Hawking's discovery that quantum field theory predicts that a black hole radiates blackbody radiation at a constant temperature.
This seemingly causes a violation of the second law of black hole mechanics, since the radiation will carry away energy from the black hole causing it to shrink.
The radiation, however also carries away entropy, and it can be proven under general assumptions that the sum of the entropy of the matter surrounding a black hole and one quarter of the area of the horizon as measured in Planck units is in fact always increasing.
This allows the formulation of the first law of black hole mechanics as an analogue of the first law of thermodynamics, with the mass acting as energy, the surface gravity as temperature and the area as entropy.
One puzzling feature is that the entropy of a black hole scales with its area rather than with its volume, since entropy is normally an extensive quantity that scales linearly with the volume of the system.
This odd property led Gerard 't Hooft and Leonard Susskind to propose the holographic principle, which suggests that anything that happens in a volume of spacetime can be described by data on the boundary of that volume.
Although general relativity can be used to perform a semi-classical calculation of black hole entropy, this situation is theoretically unsatisfying.
In statistical mechanics, entropy is understood as counting the number of microscopic configurations of a system that have the same macroscopic qualities (such as mass, charge, pressure, etc.).
Without a satisfactory theory of quantum gravity, one cannot perform such a computation for black holes.
Some progress has been made in various approaches to quantum gravity.
In 1995, Andrew Strominger and Cumrun Vafa showed that counting the microstates of a specific supersymmetric black hole in string theory reproduced the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.
Since then, similar results have been reported for different black holes both in string theory and in other approaches to quantum gravity like loop quantum gravity.
Article: Andy Warhol
Section: Collections

Question: When does a girl snatched Warhol's wig off his head?

Warhol was an avid collector.
His friends referred to his numerous collections, which filled not only his four-story townhouse, but also a nearby storage unit, as "Andy's Stuff."
The true extent of his collections was not discovered until after his death, when the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh took in 641 boxes of his "Stuff.
"Warhol's collections included airplane menus, unpaid invoices, pizza dough, pornographic pulp novels, newspapers, stamps, supermarket flyers, and cookie jars, among other eccentricities.
One of his main collections was his wigs.
Warhol owned over forty and felt very protective of his hairpieces which were sewn by a New York wig-maker from hair imported from Italy.
In 1985 a girl snatched Warhol's wig off his head.
It was later discovered in Warhol's diary entry for that day that he wrote "I don't know what held me back from pushing her over the balcony.
"Another item found in Warhol's boxes at the museum in Pittsburgh was a mummified human foot from Ancient Egypt.
The curator of anthropology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History felt that Warhol most likely found it at a flea market.
Article: Climate change
Section: Sea level change

Question: How much higher or lower was the sea level in the early Pliocene compared to today?

Global sea level change for much of the last century has generally been estimated using tide gauge measurements collated over long periods of time to give a long-term average.
More recently, altimeter measurements — in combination with accurately determined satellite orbits — have provided an improved measurement of global sea level change.
To measure sea levels prior to instrumental measurements, scientists have dated coral reefs that grow near the surface of the ocean, coastal sediments, marine terraces, ooids in limestones, and nearshore archaeological remains.
The predominant dating methods used are uranium series and radiocarbon, with cosmogenic radionuclides being sometimes used to date terraces that have experienced relative sea level fall.
In the early Pliocene, global temperatures were 1–2˚C warmer than the present temperature, yet sea level was 15–25 meters higher than today.
Article: Association football
Section: International competitions

Question: How many teams play in the World Cup's qualifying rounds?

The major international competition in football is the World Cup, organised by FIFA.
This competition takes place over every four years.
Approximately 190–200 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within the scope of continental confederations for a place in the finals.
The finals tournament, which is held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a four-week period.
The most recent tournament, the 2010 FIFA World Cup, was held in South Africa from 11 June to 11 July, the first to be held on the African continent.
There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles.
Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup.
Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides.
The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level.
In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team;.
A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament.
After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams.
These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC).
The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup.
This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself.
The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores de América in South America.
The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.