community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: I Believe I Can Fly
Section: In film and television

Question: What prefromer on "The Voice" sang the song "I Believe I Can Fly"?

Other than appearing on the soundtrack for the film "Space Jam", "I Believe I Can Fly" was performed by the school band in the movie "Drumline" during the high school graduation ceremony of Devon Miles (Nick Cannon).
In "", Crash the possum sings the song before he crashes into a tree.
In the film "Good Boy!
", Wilson briefly sings the song while diving into a pool.
In "Fun with Dick and Jane", Jim Carrey sings along with the song as it is played in an elevator.
This song also appeared on the first American season of "The X Factor", where R. Kelly performed "I Believe I Can Fly" for the first time as a duet with the eventual winner of the show Melanie Amaro.
This song was also performed on "The Voice" as the last solo song for the second season's winner Jermaine Paul.
American musical TV series "Glee", performed a version of the song in episode fourteen of season three, "On My Way" (aired on February 21, 2012).
It is a mash-up track with the song "Fly" by Nicki Minaj featuring Rihanna.
In "The Hangover Part III", Leslie Chow sings a 12-second portion of the song, while parachuting through Las Vegas.
Article: NCIS (TV series)
Section: Name

Question: Under what name did NCIS air during its first season?

Prior to the launch of the first season, advertisements on CBS identified the show as "Naval CIS".
By the time of the launch of the first episode, "NCIS" was airing under the name "Navy NCIS", the name it held for the entire first season.
Since the "N" in NCIS stands for "Naval", the name "Navy NCIS" was redundant.
The decision to use this name was reportedly made by CBS, over the objections of Bellisario, in order to:
 Attract new viewers (particularly those of "JAG"), who might not know the NCIS abbreviation.
 Disambiguate between NCIS and the similarly themed and similarly spelled CBS series "" and its spinoffs.
(The original title, for instance, was often misquoted and parodied as "Navy CSI", something the show itself referenced in the first episode).
From the season two episode, "Lt. Jane Doe" onwards, the series began using what fans of the show have named 'foofs' – black-and-white 'teases' of something to occur later in the episode.
In the season three premiere, "Kill Ari (Part I)", the foofs had the freeze-frame shot added as well.
Article: It Will Rain
Section: Track listing

Question: What's the length of the track "A Thousand Years" by Christina Perri?

;Digital download - single
 "It Will Rain" – 4:27
 "It Will Rain" (Music Video)
;German CD single
 "It Will Rain" – 4:17
 "A Thousand Years" (performed by Christina Perri) - 4:45
Article: Battle of Midway
Section: Japanese casualties

Question: How many casualties were there from the four carriers total?

By the time the battle ended, 3,057 Japanese had died.
Casualties aboard the four carriers were:"Akagi": 267; "Kaga": 811; "Hiryu": 392; "Soryu": 711; a total of 2,181.
The heavy cruisers "Mikuma" (sunk; 700 casualties) and "Mogami" (badly damaged; 92) accounted for another 792 deaths.
In addition, the destroyers "Arashio" (bombed; 35) and "Asashio" (strafed by aircraft; 21) were both damaged during the air attacks which sank "Mikuma" and caused further damage to "Mogami".
Floatplanes were lost from the cruisers "Chikuma" (3) and "Tone" (2).
Dead aboard the destroyers "Tanikaze" (11), "Arashi" (1), "Kazagumo" (1) and the fleet oiler "Akebono Maru" (10) made up the remaining 23 casualties.
Article: Protestant Reformation
Section: Primary sources in translation

Question: Who wrote "The Protestant Reformation: Major Documents"?

 Fosdick, Harry Emerson, ed.
"Great Voices of the Reformation of other putative reformers before and after it: an Anthology", ed., with an introd.
and commentaries, by Harry Emerson Fosdick.
New York: Modern Library, 1952. xxx, 546 p.
 Janz, Denis, ed.
"A Reformation Reader: Primary Texts With Introductions" (2008) excerpt and text search
 Luther, Martin "Luther's Correspondence and Other Contemporary Letters," 2 vols., tr.
and ed.
by Preserved Smith, Charles Michael Jacobs, The Lutheran Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1913, 1918. vol.2 (1521–1530) from Google Books.
Reprint of Vol.1, Wipf & Stock Publishers (March 2006).
ISBN 1-59752-601-0.
 Spitz, Lewis W. "The Protestant Reformation: Major Documents".
St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1997.
ISBN 0-570-04993-8
Article: Boxing
Section: Counter puncher

Question: What is so great about counter hitting?

Counter punchers are slippery, defensive style fighters who often rely on their opponent's mistakes in order to gain the advantage, whether it be on the score cards or more preferably a knockout.
They use their well-rounded defense to avoid or block shots and then immediately catch the opponent off guard with a well placed and timed punch.
A fight with a skilled counter-puncher can turn into a war of attrition, where each shot landed is a battle in itself.
Thus, fighting against counter punchers requires constant feinting and the ability to avoid telegraphing ones attacks.
To be truly successful using this style they must have good reflexes, a high level of prediction and awareness, pinpoint accuracy and speed, both in striking and in footwork.
Notable counter punchers include Vitali Klitschko, Floyd Mayweather, Jr., Evander Holyfield, Max Schmeling, Chris Byrd, Jim Corbett, Jack Johnson, Bernard Hopkins, Laszlo Papp, Jerry Quarry, Anselmo Moreno, James Toney, Marvin Hagler, Juan Manuel Márquez, Humberto Soto, Roger Mayweather, Pernell Whitaker and Sergio Gabriel Martinez.
Counter punchers usually wear their opponents down by causing them to miss their punches.
The more the opponent misses, the faster they'll tire, and the psychological effects of being unable to land a hit will start to sink in.
The counter puncher often tries to outplay their opponent entirely, not just in a physical sense, but also in a mental and emotional sense.
This style can be incredibly difficult, especially against seasoned fighters, but winning a fight without getting hit is often worth the pay-off.
They usually try to stay away from the center of the ring, in order to outmaneuver and chip away at their opponents.
A large advantage in counter-hitting is the forward momentum of the attacker, which drives them further into your return strike.
As such, knockouts are more common than one would expect from a defensive style.
Article: The Scream
Section: Sources of inspiration

Question: What is the English translation of the Norwegian verb "skrik"?

The original German title given to the work by Munch is "Der Schrei der Natur" ("The Scream of Nature").
The Norwegian word "skrik" usually is translated as "scream", but is cognate with the English "shriek".
Occasionally, the painting also has been called "The Cry".
In his diary in an entry headed, "Nice 22 January 1892", Munch described his inspiration for the image:This memory was later rendered by Munch as a poem, which he hand-painted onto the frame of the 1895 pastel version of the work:Among theories advanced to account for the reddish sky in the background is the artist's memory of the effects of the powerful volcanic eruption of Krakatoa, which deeply tinted sunset skies red in parts of the Western hemisphere for months during 1883 and 1884, about a decade before Munch painted "The Scream".
This explanation has been disputed by scholars, who note that Munch was an expressive painter and was not primarily interested in literal renderings of what he had seen.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that the proximity of both a slaughterhouse and a lunatic asylum to the site depicted in the painting may have offered some inspiration.
The scene was identified as being the view from a road overlooking Oslo, the Oslofjord and Hovedøya, from the hill of Ekeberg.
At the time of painting the work, Munch's manic depressive sister Laura Catherine was a patient at the asylum at the foot of Ekeberg.
In 1978, the Munch scholar Robert Rosenblum suggested that the strange, sexless creature in the foreground of the painting was inspired by a Peruvian mummy, which Munch could have seen at the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris.
This mummy, which was buried in a fetal position with its hands alongside its face, also struck the imagination of Munch's friend Paul Gauguin: it stood as a model for the central figure in his painting, "Human misery (Grape harvest at Arles)" and for the old woman at the left in his painting, "Where Do We Come From?
What Are We?
Where Are We Going?".
More recently, an Italian anthropologist speculated that Munch might have seen a mummy in Florence's Museum of Natural History, which bears an even more striking resemblance to the painting.
The imagery of "The Scream" has been compared to that which an individual suffering from depersonalization disorder experiences, a feeling of distortion of the environment and one's self, and also facial pain.
Article: Yeast
Section: Aquarium hobby

Question: How do plants use CO2?

Yeast is often used by aquarium hobbyists to generate carbon dioxide (CO2) to nourish plants in planted aquaria.
A homemade setup is widely used as a cheap and simple alternative to pressurized CO2 systems.
While not as effective as these, the homemade setup is considerably cheaper for less-demanding hobbyists.
Several recipes for homemade CO2 are available, but they are variations of the basic recipe: Baker's yeast, with sugar, baking soda, and water, are added to a plastic bottle.
A few drops of vegetable oil at the start reduces surface tension and speeds the release of CO2.
This will produce CO2 for about two or three weeks; the use of a bubble counter determines production.
The CO2 is injected in the aquarium through a narrow hose and released through a diffuser that helps dissolve the gas in the water.
The CO2 is used by plants in the photosynthesis process.
Article: Nebula
Section: Diffuse nebulae

Question: What does the term HII refer to?

Most nebulae can be described as diffuse nebulae, which means that they are extended and contain no well-defined boundaries.
In visible light these nebulae may be divided into emission and reflection nebulae.
Emission nebulae emit spectral line radiation from ionized gas (mostly ionized hydrogen); they are often called HII regions (the term "HII" is used in professional astronomy to refer to ionized hydrogen).
Reflection nebulae themselves do not emit significant amounts of visible light, but are near stars and reflect light from them.
Similar nebulae not illuminated by stars do not exhibit visible radiation, but may be detected as opaque clouds blocking light from luminous objects behind them; they are called "dark nebulae".
Although these nebulae have different visibility at optical wavelengths, they are all bright sources of infrared emission, chiefly from dust within the nebulae.
Article: Basketball
Section: Abstract

Question: What is something that gives a free throw to the opposing team?

Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court.
The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high mounted to a backboard at each end.
Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.
A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play.
A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three-point line, and three points (known commonly as a "3 pointer" or "three") if the player is behind the three-point line.
The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a draw.
The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running or throwing it to a team mate.
It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.
Violations are called "fouls".
A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball.
A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach.
A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team also retains possession of the ball.
As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning).
Typically, the tallest members of a team will play "center", "power forward" or "small forward" positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".
Article: Pho
Section: Development

Question: What year did chicken pho appear?

In the late 1920s, various vendors experimented with (a seasoning made of ground cinnamon, star anise, , and clove), sesame oil, tofu, and even "Lethocerus indicus" extract ("").
This "" failed to enter the mainstream.
"", served with beef cooked rare, had been introduced by 1930.
Chicken pho appeared in 1939, possibly because beef was not sold at the markets on Mondays and Fridays at the time.
With the Partition of Vietnam in 1954, over a million people fled North Vietnam for the South.
Pho, previously unpopular in the South, suddenly took off.
No longer confined to northern culinary traditions, variations in meat and broth appeared, and additional garnishes, such as lime, bean sprouts, culantro ('), cinnamon basil ('), and Hoisin sauce ('), became standard fare. '
also began to rival fully cooked "" in popularity.
Meanwhile, in North Vietnam, private pho restaurants were nationalized ("") and began serving pho noodles made from old rice, while street vendors were expected to use noodles made of imported potato flour.
During the so-called "" after the War, state-owned pho eateries served a meatless variety of the dish known as "pilotless pho" ('), in reference to the U.S. military's .
The broth consisted of boiled water with MSG added for taste, as there were often shortages on various foodstuffs like meat and rice during that period.
Bread or cold rice was often served as a side dish, leading to the present-day practice of dipping ' in pho.
Article: The Amazing Race 21
Section: Prizes

Question: What position does a team have to take to win each leg of this race?

The prize for each leg is awarded to the first place team for that leg.
Trips are sponsored by Travelocity.
 Leg 1 – The "Double Your Money" prize – if the team that wins the first leg of the race also wins the final leg, the prize for winning the race will be doubled from its standard amount to .
 Leg 2 – The "Express Pass" – an item that can be used on the race to skip any one task of the team's choosing.
 Leg 3 – A trip for two to Fiji
 Leg 4 – A trip for two to Antigua
 Leg 5 – A trip for two to Malaysia
 Leg 6 – A trip for two to Australia
 Leg 7 – A trip for two to Maui, Hawaii
 Leg 8 – A trip for two to Costa Rica
 Leg 9 – each
 Leg 10 – A trip for two to the Riviera Maya
 Leg 11 – A 2013 Ford Escape for each racer
 Leg 12 –
Article: How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)
Section: Cast and characters

Question: Who portrayed Julian Tatham in How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)?

 Sarah Chalke as Polly, the single and divorced mother.
 Elizabeth Perkins as Elaine Green, Polly's mother and Natalie's grandmother.
 Rachel Eggleston as Natalie Tatham, Polly's daughter and Elaine's granddaughter.
 Brad Garrett as Max Green, Elaine's husband and Polly's step-father.
 Jon Dore as Julian Tatham, Polly's ex-husband.
 Stephanie Hunt as Jenn, Polly's co-worker and friend.
Article: Fight Club
Section: Writing

Question: Who did the Fight Club director invite to revise the script?

Screenwriter Jim Uhls started working on an early draft of the adapted screenplay, which excluded a voice-over because the industry perceived at the time that the technique was "hackneyed and trite".
When Fincher joined the film, he thought that the film should have a voice-over, believing that the film's humor came from the narrator's voice.
The director described the film without a voice-over as seemingly "sad and pathetic".
Fincher and Uhls revised the script for six to seven months and by 1997 had a third draft that reordered the story and left out several major elements.
When Pitt was cast, he was concerned that his character, Tyler Durden, was too one-dimensional.
Fincher sought the advice of writer-director Cameron Crowe, who suggested giving the character more ambiguity.
Fincher also hired screenwriter Andrew Kevin Walker for assistance.
The director invited Pitt and Norton to help revise the script, and the group drafted five revisions in the course of a year.
Chuck Palahniuk praised the faithful film adaptation of his novel and applauded how the film's plot was more streamlined than the book's.
Palahniuk recalled how the writers debated if film audiences would believe the plot twist from the novel.
Fincher supported including the twist, arguing, "If they accept everything up to this point, they'll accept the plot twist.
If they're still in the theater, they'll stay with it."
Palahniuk's novel also contained homoerotic overtones, which the director included in the film to make audiences uncomfortable and accentuate the surprise of the film's twists.
The bathroom scene where Tyler Durden bathes next to the narrator is an example of the overtones; the line, "I'm wondering if another woman is really the answer we need," was meant to suggest personal responsibility rather than homosexuality.
Another example is the scene at the beginning of the film in which Tyler Durden puts a gun barrel down the narrator's mouth.
The narrator finds redemption at the end of the film by rejecting Tyler Durden's dialectic, a path that diverged from the novel's ending in which the narrator is placed in a mental institution.
Norton drew parallels between redemption in the film and redemption in "The Graduate", indicating that the protagonists of both films find a middle ground between two divisions of self.
Fincher considered the novel too infatuated with Tyler Durden and changed the ending to move away from him: "I wanted people to love Tyler, but I also wanted them to be OK with his vanquishing."
Article: Nucleic acid sequence
Section: Notation

Question: What base is most commonly modified in RNA?

While A, T, C, and G represent a particular nucleotide at a position, there are also letters that represent ambiguity which are used when more than one kind of nucleotide could occur at that position.
The rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are as follows:
A = adenine
C = cytosine
G = guanine
T = thymine
R = G A (purine)
Y = T C (pyrimidine)
K = G T (keto)
M = A C (amino)
S = G C (strong bonds)
W = A T (weak bonds)
B = G T C (all but A)
D = G A T (all but C)
H = A C T (all but G)
V = G C A (all but T)
N = A G C T (any)
These symbols are also valid for RNA, except with U (uracil) replacing T (thymine).
Apart from adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and uracil (U), DNA and RNA also contain bases that have been modified after the nucleic acid chain has been formed.
In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytidine (m5C).
In RNA, there are many modified bases, including pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), inosine (I), ribothymidine (rT) and 7-methylguanosine (m7G).
Hypoxanthine and xanthine are two of the many bases created through mutagen presence, both of them through deamination (replacement of the amine-group with a carbonyl-group).
Hypoxanthine is produced from adenine, xanthine from guanine.
Similarly, deamination of cytosine results in uracil.
Article: Medicine
Section: Specialties

Question: What are known as the Royal Colleges?

In the broadest meaning of "medicine", there are many different specialties.
In the UK, most specialities have their own body or college, which have its own entrance examination.
These are collectively known as the Royal Colleges, although not all currently use the term "Royal".
The development of a speciality is often driven by new technology (such as the development of effective anaesthetics) or ways of working (such as emergency departments); the new specialty leads to the formation a unifying body of doctors and the prestige of administering their own examination.
Within medical circles, specialities usually fit into one of two broad categories: "Medicine" and "Surgery."
"Medicine" refers to the practice of non-operative medicine, and most of its subspecialties require preliminary training in Internal Medicine.
In the UK, this was traditionally evidenced by passing the examination for the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) or the equivalent college in Scotland or Ireland.
"Surgery" refers to the practice of operative medicine, and most subspecialties in this area require preliminary training in General Surgery, which in the UK leads to membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (MRCS).
At present, some specialties of medicine do not fit easily into either of these categories, such as radiology, pathology, or anesthesia.
Most of these have branched from one or other of the two camps above; for example anaesthesia developed first as a faculty of the Royal College of Surgeons (for which MRCS/FRCS would have been required) before becoming the Royal College of Anaesthetists and membership of the college is attained by sitting the examination of the Fellowship of the Royal College of Anesthetists (FRCA).
Article: Gossip Girl
Section: Casting

Question: Who did Caroline Lagerfelt portray?

Featuring nine regular speaking roles, the majority of the ensemble cast was assembled from February to April 2007.
Leighton Meester and Blake Lively - who started auditioning in December 2006 - were the first two actresses to be chosen in February for the lead roles of Blair Waldorf and Serena van der Woodsen, respectively.
Penn Badgley, who had previously worked with Stephanie Savage on "The Mountain", Taylor Momsen, Chace Crawford, Kelly Rutherford and Connor Paolo also auditioned successfully and landed roles in the series in March, as did Florencia Lozano who appeared only in the pilot, and was replaced by Margaret Colin.
Badgley had initially turned down the part of Dan.
Actors for the roles of Chuck Bass and Rufus Humphrey were found in April when English actor Ed Westwick, and Matthew Settle were cast.
Westwick first read for the role of Nate but was then asked to try Chuck.
As rumors swirled about the impending cancellation of "Veronica Mars", it was revealed at The CW's 2007 Upfronts on May 17, 2007 that Kristen Bell had narrated the pilot, thus making her the title character of another show on the network.
Jessica Szohr was signed on to portray the recurring role of Vanessa Abrams and received regular status during the fourteenth episode of the first season.
Kaylee DeFer joined the series in the eighteenth episode of the fourth season and was promoted to series regular for the show's fifth season.
At the conclusion of the fourth season, Momsen, who went on an indefinite hiatus during the season while retaining regular billing, and Jessica Szhor both left the show.
Throughout the series' run, Connor Paolo consistently declined to elevate his recurring role of Eric van der Woodsen to regular status, citing personal reasons for his decision.
After becoming a regular on the ABC series "Revenge", Paolo confirmed his departure from "Gossip Girl" in August 2011.
As the show progressed, numerous recurring guest stars appeared in the show.
Michelle Trachtenberg signed on to portray Georgina Sparks.
The role had previously been offered to Mischa Barton who passed.
Francie Swift and Sam Robards took the parental roles of Anne and Howard Archibald, respectively.
Caroline Lagerfelt portrayed Celia "CeCe" Rhodes, Serena and Eric's grandmother and Lily's mother.
Sebastian Stan made several appearances as Carter Baizen throughout the show's first three seasons.