community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Popcorn
Section: Consumption

Question: How is popcorn often served in Peru?

Popcorn is commonly eaten in movie theaters.
This snack is usually served salted or sweetened.
In North America, it is traditionally served salted, often with butter or a butterlike topping, with toffee or spices.
However, sweetened versions, such as caramel corn and kettle corn, are also commonly available.
In the United Kingdom, ready-made popcorn is available either salted or simply sweetened with sugar.
Toffee (i.e.
caramel) popcorn is also available, but tends to be more expensive.
In Peru, popcorn is sometimes sweetened with small candy pellets and sweetened condensed milk, but its more often eaten with salt and the only buttered version known to any considerable degree is microwave popcorn.
In Mexico, popcorn is served with either jalapeño juice, hot sauce, cheese, butter, or salt.
Popcorn is a popular snack food at sporting events and in cinemas, where it has been served since 1914.
Popcorn as a breakfast cereal was consumed by Americans in the 1800s and generally consisted of popcorn with milk and a sweetener.
Popcorn balls (popped kernels stuck together with a sugary "glue") were hugely popular around the turn of the 20th century, but their popularity has since waned.
Popcorn balls are still served in some places as a traditional Halloween treat.
Cracker Jack is a popular, commercially produced candy that consists of peanuts mixed in with caramel-covered popcorn.
Kettle corn is a variation of normal popcorn, cooked with white sugar and salt, traditionally in a large copper kettle.
Once reserved for specialty shops and county fairs, kettle corn has recently become popular, especially in the microwave popcorn market.
The popcorn maker is a relatively new home appliance, and its popularity is increasing because it offers the opportunity to add flavours of the consumer's own choice and to choose healthy-eating popcorn styles.
Some popular brands of popcorn in the United States are Orville Redenbacher's, Act II, Jiffy Pop (all three of which are brands of the ConAgra Foods conglomerate), Pop Secret, Candy Land Gourmet, Jolly Time, Aussie Crunch, Newman's Own, Dale and Thomas and Pop Weaver.
Article: Steak
Section: Sirloin steak

Question: The steaks can be grilled or what?

The sirloin steak is a portion of the sirloin part of the cow which is near the cow's rear, the nearer the meat is from the rear, the tenderer it is likely to be, like the rump steak.
Although there are two parts of the sirloin: upper sirloin is generally more expensive than the lower sirloin because it is more tender.
Sirloin steaks are often served at steakhouses and are often accompanied with French fries and vegetables such as broccoli, carrot or peas.
They are usually cooked by grilling or frying.
Article: Disney California Adventure
Section: Grizzly Peak

Question: Are there restaurants in the Grizzly Peak District?

Grizzly Peak is themed around California's wilderness and national parks with particular references to Yosemite and Redwood national parks.
Its main attraction is Grizzly River Run, a Gold Rush-esque river rapids ride around the summit of Grizzly Peak.
Nearby is the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail; a playground area that includes a show featuring characters from Disney·Pixar's "Up".
A special entrance exclusive to guests of Disney's Grand Californian Hotel is located in this area.
There are also several restaurants in the Grizzly Peak district that are themed to California's farmland and heritage.
California-themed food and wine festivals are hosted in this area as well.
Article: Table tennis
Section: Flick

Question: What has the characteristics of being either a drive or a loop

When a player tries to attack a ball that has not bounced beyond the edge of the table, the player does not have the room to wind up in a "backswing".
The ball "may still be attacked", however, and the resulting shot is called a flick because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action.
A flick is not a single stroke and can resemble either a drive or a loop in its characteristics.
What identifies the stroke is the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick.
Article: The Persistence of Memory
Section: Versions

Question: What year did Dali paint "The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory" ?

Dalí returned to the theme of this painting with the variation "The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory" (1954), showing his earlier famous work systematically fragmenting into smaller component elements, and a series of rectangular blocks which reveal further imagery through the gaps between them, implying something beneath the surface of the original work; this work is now in the Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida, while the original "Persistence of Memory" remains at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
Dalí also produced various lithographs and sculptures on the theme of soft watches late in his career.
Some of these sculptures are the "Persistence of Memory", the "Nobility of Time", the "Profile of Time" and the "Three Dancing Watches".
Article: The Invisible War
Section: Members of Congress

Question: Who is the Democrat representing Maine?

 Chellie Pingree, (D, Maine)
 Louise Slaughter (D, New York)
 Mike Turner (R, Ohio)
 Loretta Sanchez (D, California)
 Jackie Speier (D, California)
 Ted Poe (R, Texas)
 Susan Davis, (D, California)
 Niki Tsongas, (D, Massachusetts)
Article: India
Section: Literature

Question: In what century were Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions?

The earliest literary writings in India, composed between 1400 BCE and 1200 CE, were in the Sanskrit language.
Prominent works of this Sanskrit literature include epics such as the "Mahābhārata" and the "Ramayana", the dramas of Kālidāsa such as the "Abhijñānaśākuntalam" ("The Recognition of Śakuntalā"), and poetry such as the "Mahākāvya".
Kamasutra, the famous book about sexual intercourse also originated in India.
Developed between 600 BCE and 300 CE in South India, the "Sangam" literature, consisting of 2,381 poems, is regarded as a predecessor of Tamil literature.
From the 14th to the 18th centuries, India's literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional poets such as Kabīr, Tulsīdās, and Guru Nānak.
This period was characterised by a varied and wide spectrum of thought and expression; as a consequence, medieval Indian literary works differed significantly from classical traditions.
In the 19th century, Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions.
In the 20th century, Indian literature was influenced by the works of Bengali poet and novelist Rabindranath Tagore.
Article: World War I
Section: Trench warfare begins

Question: Where did Britain and France face an uninterrupted line of entrenched German forces, from Lorraine to where?

Western Front.
Trench warfare begins.
Military tactics before World War I had failed to keep pace with advances in technology.
These advances allowed for impressive defence systems, which out-of-date military tactics could not break through for most of the war.
Barbed wire was a significant hindrance to massed infantry advances.
Artillery, vastly more lethal than in the 1870s, coupled with machine guns, made crossing open ground extremely difficult.
Commanders on both sides failed to develop tactics for breaching entrenched positions without heavy casualties.
In time, however, technology began to produce new offensive weapons, such as gas warfare and the tank.
Just after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914), both Entente and German forces each continually sought to outflank the other by manoeuvering to the north: this series of manoeuvres became known as the "Race to the Sea".
When these outflanking efforts failed, Britain and France soon found themselves facing an uninterrupted line of entrenched German forces from Lorraine to Belgium's coast.
Britain and France sought to take the offensive, while Germany defended the occupied territories.
Consequently, German trenches were much better constructed than those of their enemy; Anglo-French trenches were only intended to be "temporary" before their forces broke through German defences.
Both sides tried to break the stalemate using scientific and technological advances.
On 22 April 1915, at the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans (violating the Hague Convention) used chlorine gas for the first time on the Western Front.
Several types of gas soon became widely used by both sides, and though it never proved a decisive, battle-winning weapon, poison gas became one of the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of the war.
Tanks were first used in combat by the British during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette (part of the wider Somme offensive) on 15 September 1916, with only partial success.
However, their effectiveness would grow as the war progressed; the Germans employed only very small numbers of their own design, supplemented by captured Allied tanks.
Article: Germany
Section: Politics

Question: What is the name of Germany's constitutional document which was made in 1949?

Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic.
The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitutional document known as the "Grundgesetz" (Basic Law).
Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both chambers of parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.
The president is the head of state and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers.
He is elected by the "Bundesversammlung" (federal convention), an institution consisting of the members of the "Bundestag" and an equal number of state delegates.
The second-highest official in the German order of precedence is the "Bundestagspräsident" (President of the "Bundestag"), who is elected by the "Bundestag" and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body.
The third-highest official and the head of government is the Chancellor, who is appointed by the "Bundespräsident" after being elected by the "Bundestag".
The chancellor, currently Angela Merkel, is the head of government and exercises executive power, similar to the role of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies.
Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the "Bundestag" (Federal Diet) and "Bundesrat" (Federal Council), which together form the legislative body.
The "Bundestag" is elected through direct elections, by proportional representation (mixed-member).
The members of the "Bundesrat" represent the governments of the sixteen federated states and are members of the state cabinets.
Since 1949, the party system has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
So far every chancellor has been a member of one of these parties.
However, the smaller liberal Free Democratic Party (which had members in the Bundestag from 1949 to 2013) and the Alliance '90/The Greens (which has had seats in parliament since 1983) have also played important roles.
Minor parties such as The Left, Free Voters and the Pirate Party are represented in some state parliaments.
Article: Snorkeling
Section: The snorkel

Question: Why is the optimum snorkel length not longer than 40 centimeters?

A swimmer's snorkel is a tube typically about long and with an inside diameter of between , usually L- or J-shaped and fitted with a mouthpiece at the lower end, and constructed of rubber or plastic.
It is used for breathing air from above the water surface when the wearer's mouth and nose are submerged.
The snorkel usually has a piece of rubber that attaches the snorkel to the outside of the strap of the diving mask.
An older technique is pushing the snorkel between the mask-strap and the head, but this practice increases the chances the mask will leak.
The optimum design length of the snorkel tube is at most 40 centimeters (about 16 inches).
A longer tube would not allow breathing when snorkelling deeper, since it would place the lungs in deeper water where the surrounding water pressure is higher.
The lungs would then be unable to inflate when the snorkeler inhales, because the muscles that expand the lungs are not strong enough to operate against the higher pressure.
Snorkels also constitute respiratory dead space.
When the user takes in a fresh breath, some of the previously exhaled air which remains in the snorkel is recycled into the lungs, reducing breathing efficiency and causing a build up of carbon dioxide in the blood, which can result in hypercapnia.
The greater the volume of the tube, and the smaller the tidal volume of breathing, the more this problem is exacerbated.
A smaller diameter tube reduces the dead volume, but also increases resistance to airflow and so increases the work of breathing.
Occasional exhalation through the nose while snorkeling will reduce the build up of carbon dioxide, and help in keeping the mask clear of water.
Article: Toy Story 3
Section: Possible sequel

Question: What has Unkirch said about a possible Toy Story 4?

According to an article on NOLA.com, "Toy Story 3" director Lee Unkrich has confirmed that a "Toy Story 4" sequel is not being planned.
"Well, we don't have any plans for "Toy Story 4"," Unkrich said.
"I'm flattered that people ask about it—it reminds me how much people love the characters, but it was really important to me with this film that we not just create another sequel, that it not just be another appendage coming off of the other two."
Unkrich went on to say, "there may be opportunities for Woody and Buzz in the future, but we don't have any plans for anything right now."
It has also been reported that Hanks and Allen have signed on for a "Toy Story 4" if Pixar ever decides to produce one.
In a BBC interview in 2011, Hanks said that he thought Pixar was working on a sequel.
Disney denied the rumors saying, "nothing is official."
Article: American Dad!
Section: Farces

Question: What person is asked for help by Stan in the opening of "Stan's Food Restaurant?"

Plot techniques.
"American Dad!"
has commonly made use of farces as most of the predicaments that befall the main characters have escalated into the extremes, to the point of getting outrageously out-of-hand.
For example, in the episode "Home Wrecker", Stan and Francine's marital harmony breaks down from a difference of opinion on remodeling the house.
It gets to the point where they divide the house in two, each decorating their half of the house in their desired fashion.
Not satisfied with this however, they both attempted to drive the other out of the home and eventually erected a colossal block wall, dividing the two halves of the house.
The rest of the family members were forced to spend one holiday after the next alternating between Fran's and Stan's place (the sides of the house treated as distinct homes).
As another example, in the episode "Stan's Food Restaurant", Stan asks for Roger's help in starting a restaurant.
As things progress, Roger makes heavy changes in the layout, eventually kicking Stan out of the project.
Stan retaliates by opening another restaurant next door, which becomes a smashing success.
Roger responds by blowing up Stan's restaurant but destroying his own in the process.
Stan threatens to kill Roger, but backs down after Roger pulls a gun on him and tells him to relax.
Article: Tunisia
Section: Climate

Question: What are the salt lakes in Tunisia commonly referred to as?

Tunisia's climate is temperate in the north, with mild rainy winters and hot, dry summers.
The south of the country is desert.
The terrain in the north is mountainous, which, moving south, gives way to a hot, dry central plain.
The south is semiarid, and merges into the Sahara.
A series of salt lakes, known as "chotts" or "shatts", lie in an east-west line at the northern edge of the Sahara, extending from the Gulf of Gabes into Algeria.
The lowest point is Shatt al Gharsah, at below sea level and the highest is Jebel ech Chambi, at .
Article: Chemotherapy
Section: Antibody-drug conjugates

Question: How are ADC's defined?

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise an antibody, drug and a linker between them.
The antibody will be targeted at a preferentially expressed protein in the tumour cells (known as a tumor antigen) or on cells that the tumor can utilise, such as blood vessel endothelial cells.
They bind to the tumor antigen and are internalised, where the linker releases the drug into the cell.
These specially targeted delivery vehicles vary in their stability, selectivity, and choice of target, but, in essence, they all aim to increase the maximum effective dose that can be delivered to the tumor cells.
Reduced systemic toxicity means that they can also be used in sicker patients, and that they can carry new chemotherapeutic agents that would have been far too toxic to deliver via traditional systemic approaches.
The first approved drug of this type was gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), released by Wyeth (now Pfizer).
The drug was approved to treat acute myeloid leukemia, but has now been withdrawn from the market because the drug did not meet efficacy targets in further clinical trials.
Two other drugs, trastuzumab emtansine and brentuximab vedotin, are both in late clinical trials, and the latter has been granted accelerated approval for the treatment of refractory Hodgkins lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Article: The Holocaust
Section: Persons of color

Question: What was the estimates number of black people in Germany when the Nazis came to power?

The number of black people in Germany when the Nazis came to power is variously estimated at 5,000–25,000.
It is not clear whether these figures included Asians.
According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C., "The fate of black people from 1933 to 1945 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder.
However, there was no systematic program for their elimination as there was for Jews and other groups."
Meanwhile, Afrikaaners, Berbers, Iranians and Pre-Partition Indians were classified as Aryans, so not persecuted (see main article).
Racial restrictions were relaxed to the extent that Turkic peoples, Arabs and South Asians were recruited by the German military due to the shortage of manpower.
Article: Saudi Arabia
Section: Islamic heritage sites

Question: What rate of the Mecca's memorable structures have been decimated?

Saudi Arabia, and specifically the Hejaz, as the cradle of Islam, has many of the most significant historic Muslim sites, including the two holiest sites of Mecca and Medina.
One of the King's titles is Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the two mosques being Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, which contains Islam's most sacred place, the Kaaba, and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina which contains Muhammad's tomb.
However, Saudi Wahhabism is hostile to any reverence given to historical or religious places of significance for fear that it may give rise to 'shirk' (that is, idolatry).
As a consequence, under Saudi rule, the Hejaz cities have suffered from considerable destruction of their physical heritage and, for example, it has been estimated that about 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished.
These include the mosque originally built by Muhammad's daughter Fatima, and other mosques founded by Abu Bakr (Muhammad's father-in-law and the first Caliph), Umar (the second Caliph), Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law and the fourth Caliph), and Salman al-Farsi (another of Muhammad's companions).
Other historic buildings that have been destroyed include the house of Khadijah, the wife of the Prophet, the house of Abu Bakr, now the site of the local Hilton hotel; the house of Ali-Oraid, the grandson of the Prophet, and the Mosque of abu-Qubais, now the location of the King's palace in Mecca.
Critics have described this as "Saudi vandalism" and claim that over the last 50 years, 300 historic sites linked to Muhammad, his family or companions have been lost.
It has been reported that there now are fewer than 20 structures remaining in Mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad.
Article: Fencing
Section: Abstract

Question: Today, what is known as the most common version of fencing?

Fencing is the activity of fighting with swords.
The most common version of fencing today, also called olympic fencing or competitive fencing, is divided into three weapon categories: foil, sabre and épée.
Classical fencing uses the same three weapons, but approaches fencing as a martial art.
Competitive fencing is one of five sports which has been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games, the other four being Athletics, Cycling, Swimming, and Gymnastics.
Article: Evolution
Section: Applications

Question: Is natural selection a concept of evolutionary biology?

Concepts and models used in evolutionary biology, such as natural selection, have many applications.
Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms.
This has been used for thousands of years in the domestication of plants and animals.
More recently, such selection has become a vital part of genetic engineering, with selectable markers such as antibiotic resistance genes being used to manipulate DNA.
Proteins with valuable properties have evolved by repeated rounds of mutation and selection (for example modified enzymes and new antibodies) in a process called directed evolution.
Understanding the changes that have occurred during organism's evolution can reveal the genes needed to construct parts of the body, genes which may be involved in human genetic disorders.
For example, the mexican tetra is an albino cavefish that lost its eyesight during evolution.
Breeding together different populations of this blind fish produced some offspring with functional eyes, since different mutations had occurred in the isolated populations that had evolved in different caves.
This helped identify genes required for vision and pigmentation.
Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable of evolution.
Viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancers evolve to be resistant to host immune defences, as well as pharmaceutical drugs.
These same problems occur in agriculture with pesticide and herbicide resistance.
It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics and predicting the evolution and evolvability of our pathogens and devising strategies to slow or circumvent it is requiring deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level.
In computer science, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithms and artificial life started in the 1960s and was extended with simulation of artificial selection.
Artificial evolution became a widely recognised optimisation method as a result of the work of Ingo Rechenberg in the 1960s.
He used evolution strategies to solve complex engineering problems.
Genetic algorithms in particular became popular through the writing of John Holland.
Practical applications also include automatic evolution of computer programmes.
Evolutionary algorithms are now used to solve multi-dimensional problems more efficiently than software produced by human designers and also to optimise the design of systems.