community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Napoleonic Wars
Section: War between Britain and France, 1803–1814

Question: When did the Peninsular War take place?

Unlike its many coalition partners, Britain remained at war throughout the period of the Napoleonic Wars.
Protected by naval supremacy (in the words of Admiral Jervis to the House of Lords "I do not say, my Lords, that the French will not come.
I say only they will not come by sea"), Britain maintained low-intensity land warfare on a global scale for over a decade.
The British government paid out large sums of money to other European states, so that they could pay armies in the field against France.
These payments are colloquially known as the Golden Cavalry of St George.
The British Army provided long-term support to the Spanish rebellion in the Peninsular War of 1808–1814, assisted by Spanish guerrilla ('little war') tactics.
Anglo-Portuguese forces under Arthur Wellesley supported the Spanish, which campaigned successfully against the French armies, eventually driving them from Spain, thus allowing Britain to invade southern France.
By 1815, the British Army played the central role in the final defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.
In 1802, Napoleon victoriously brought to an end the War of the Second Coalition, with only Great Britain remaining formally at war.
Isolated, Britain reluctantly agreed to end hostilities under the Treaty of Amiens (25 March 1802).
Bonaparte tried to exploit the brief peace at sea to restore French colonial rule in Haiti.
The expedition, though initially successful, would soon turn to a disaster, with the French commander Charles Leclerc, dying of yellow fever and almost his entire force destroyed by the disease.
Napoleon gave up his New World dreams and sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803.
Great Britain violated the terms of the Treaty of Amiens by occupying Malta and gathered a Third Coalition against France.
The French intervention in the Swiss civil strife, a breach of the Treaty of Lunéville (1801) between France and the Holy Roman Empire which guaranteed Swiss sovereignty, was taken as a pretext by the British to break the peace of Amiens and declare war on France on 18 May 1803.
The Coalition's war aims changed over the course of the conflict: a general desire to restore the French monarchy became closely linked to the struggle to stop Bonaparte.
Beyond minor naval actions against British imperial interests, the Napoleonic Wars were much less global in scope than preceding conflicts such as Seven Years' War, which historians term a "world war".
Article: Batman Begins
Section: Tumbler

Question: Who designed the Tumbler?

Crowley started the process of designing the Tumbler for the film by model bashing.
Crowley used the nose cone of a P-38 Lightning model to serve as the chassis for the Tumbler's turbine engine.
Six models of the Tumbler were built to 1:12 scale in the course of four months.
Following the scale model creation, a crew of over 30 people, including Crowley and engineers Chris Culvert and Annie Smith, carved a full-size replica of the Tumbler out of a large block of Styrofoam in two months.
The Styrofoam model was used to create a steel "test frame", which had to stand up to several standards: have a speed of over , go from 0 to in 5 seconds, possess a steering system to make sharp turns at city corners, and withstand a self-propelled launch of up to .
On the first jump test, the Tumbler's front end collapsed and had to be completely rebuilt.
The basic configuration of the newly designed Tumbler included a 5.7-liter Chevy V8 engine, a truck axle for the rear axle, front tires by Hoosier (which are actually dirt racing tires used on the right rear of open wheel sprint cars), 4 rear 44/18.5-16.5 Interco Super Swamper TSL tires (44" tall, 18.5" wide, mounted on a 16.5" wheel) and the suspension system of Baja racing trucks.
The design and development process took nine months and cost several million dollars.
With the design process complete, four street-ready race cars were constructed, with each vehicle possessing 65 panels and costing $250,000 to build.
Two of the four cars were specialized versions.
One version was the flap version, which had hydraulics and flaps to detail the close-up shots where the vehicle propelled itself through the air.
The other version was the jet version, in which an actual jet engine was mounted onto the vehicle, fueled by six propane tanks.
The visibility inside the vehicle was poor, so monitors were connected to cameras on the vehicle body.
The professional drivers for the Tumblers practiced driving the vehicles for six months before they drove on the streets of Chicago for the film's scenes.
The interior of the Tumbler was an immobile studio set and not actually the interior of a street-capable Tumbler.
The cockpit was over-sized to fit cameras for scenes filmed in the Tumbler interior.
In addition, another version of the Tumbler was a miniature model that was 1:6 scale of the actual Tumbler.
This miniature model had an electric motor and was used to show the Tumbler flying across ravines and between buildings.
However, the actual Tumbler was used for the waterfall sequence.
Article: Hersheypark
Section: Rhineland

Question: What is Rhineland named after?

Rhineland is named after its Bavarian architecture and is the first park section located within the park’s gates.
Like Tudor Square, Rhineland is not home to any attractions but does include a wide variety of gift shops as well as a Nathan’s, Famous Famiglia Pizzeria, and the Central PA's Kosher Mart.
The Kosher Mart building was, until 1992, the Rhineland entrance of the Sky Ride - a ski lift transport ride which took you to Minetown, near the Kissing Tower and Twin Turnpike (which is now the location of Great Bear).
Article: Gilmore Girls
Section: Rory's friends

Question: when did doyle date paris?

Rory's friendships with long-time best friend Lane Kim (Keiko Agena), a second-generation Korean American from a strict Christian home, and Paris Geller (Liza Weil), a friend/rival at both Chilton and Yale, play strongly in the show.
Although she shares a close bond with the two, they do not appear to get along with one another.
At the end of the Season 6, Lane marries Hep Alien band-mate Zach van Gerbig (Todd Lowe), a sweet, slightly clumsy rocker.
At the beginning of the Season 7, Lane discovers that she is unexpectedly pregnant and gives birth to twins (Kwan and Steve) later in the season.
Also in Season 7, Paris is accepted to Harvard Medical School (Harvard is the school she has wanted to go to for years, as her family are all alumni, but was rejected for undergraduate studies in Season 3).
In Season 4, Doyle McMaster (Danny Strong) storms onto the show as the "Yale Daily News" editor.
He and Paris start dating in Season 5, after Paris's relationship with a much older Professor Asher Fleming (Michael York) ends with Fleming's sudden death.
Article: Fruitvale Station
Section: Music

Question: What was the original release date of the Fruitvale Station OST?

The musical score to "Fruitvale Station" was composed by Ludwig Göransson.
Also a USC graduate, Göransson said of the scoring process: "Ryan and I talked a lot about how sound design was going to have a huge role in the movie and very early on I got sent the actual sound recordings of the Bart Train.
I manipulated the train sound and made it almost feel like a dark ambient synth sound and I used it almost throughout the whole Bart platform scene.
The other element in the score is lots of layered and manipulated guitars sounding almost like haunting pads."
Coogler added: "One thing that we always wanted to be conscious of with the score, was to make sure that it always felt organic.
A lot of the film would play without score, so Ludwig made sure that whenever we brought score in came out of sounds in the environment."
A soundtrack album, "Fruitvale Station – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", was be released digitally on September 24, 2013 and on CD October 15, 2013 through Lakeshore Records.
Article: Drive By (song)
Section: Critical reception

Question: Who is the front man of the band Train?

"Billboard" gave the song a positive review stating:If at first you succeed -- why not try again?
For the first single from its forthcoming "California 37," Train returns to the Espionage, the Norwegian songwriting and production duo of Espen Lind and Amund Bjorklund that helped the group put together its 2010 comeback smash "Hey Soul Sister."
"Drive By" starts with a staccato guitar strum and a percussive thump that certainly recalls its predecessor, with a slight ethnic flavor that makes it recall a Bar Mitzvah reception.
Frontman Pat Monahan semi-speaks the in tuneful, rap-like cadence, then turns to smooth pop singing for the choruses.
The lyric, however, is a bit darker, with Monahan's protagonist trying to convince a one-night-stand that he really wants to "get down to the more-than-friends" at last.
We bet she's heard that from all the pop singers, but Monahan pleads with enough joyful exuberance that she -- and we -- might just buy it.
Article: Marathon
Section: Modern Olympics marathon

Question: When did the modern Olympics began?

When the modern Olympics began in 1896, the initiators and organizers were looking for a great popularizing event, recalling the ancient glory of Greece.
The idea of a marathon race came from Michel Bréal, who wanted the event to feature in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens.
This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, as well as by the Greeks.
The Greeks staged a selection race for the Olympic marathon on 10 March 1896 that was won by Charilaos Vasilakos in 3 hours and 18 minutes (with the future winner of the introductory Olympic Games marathon coming in fifth).
The winner of the first Olympic Marathon, on 10 April 1896 (a male-only race), was Spyridon "Spyros" Louis, a Greek water-carrier, in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds.
The women's marathon was introduced at the 1984 Summer Olympics (Los Angeles, USA) and was won by Joan Benoit of the United States with a time of 2 hours 24 minutes and 52 seconds.
Since the modern games were founded, it has become a tradition for the men's Olympic marathon to be the last event of the athletics calendar, with a finish inside the Olympic stadium, often within hours of, or even incorporated into, the closing ceremonies.
The marathon of the 2004 Summer Olympics revived the traditional route from Marathon to Athens, ending at Panathinaiko Stadium, the venue for the 1896 Summer Olympics.
The Olympic men's record is 2:06:32, set at the 2008 Summer Olympics by Samuel Kamau Wanjiru of Kenya (average speed about 20.01 km/hr).
The Olympic women's record is 2:23:07, set at the 2012 Summer Olympics by Tiki Gelana of Ethiopia.
The men's London 2012 Summer Olympic marathon winner was Stephen Kiprotich of Uganda (2:08:01).
Per capita, the Great Rift Valley, Kenya has produced a large number of elite marathon runners, helped by the high altitude.
Article: Egypt
Section: Festivals

Question: When is Sham en Nisim celebrated?

Egypt celebrates many festivals and religious carnivals, also known as "mulid".
They are usually associated with a particular Coptic or Sufi saint, but are often celebrated by Egyptians irrespective of creed or religion.
Ramadan has a special flavor in Egypt, celebrated with sounds, lights (local lanterns known as "fawanees") and much flare that many Muslim tourists from the region flock to Egypt to witness during Ramadan.
The ancient spring festival of Sham en Nisim (Coptic: "shom en nisim") has been celebrated by Egyptians for thousands of years, typically between the Egyptian months of Paremoude (April) and Pashons (May), following Easter Sunday.
Article: All I Want for Christmas Is You
Section: Live performances

Question: Which year did Mariah Carey Sing "All I Want for Christmas Is You" at the Christmas Day parade?

Carey has performed the song during concerts as well as live televised performances.
It was part of the set-list during the Japanese shows of Carey's Daydream World Tour (1996), Butterfly World Tour (1998), Rainbow World Tour (2000), (2002–03) (also sung during the December leg of the tour) and The Adventures of Mimi Tour (2006).
Additionally, Carey performed the song at the 2004 Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade, which aired on ABC.
Carey sang the So So Def remix version at the opening night of her Angels Advocate Tour on New Year's Eve.
On November 9, 2010, Carey taped a live Christmas Special featuring the song, which aired on December 13, 2010 on ABC.
Additionally, Carey performed the song alongside "Oh Santa!"
airing on ESPN and ABC throughout the day on Christmas Day of 2010.
On December 3, she performed both songs at the Walt Disney World Resort theme park, Magic Kingdom, in a performance that was taped and aired part of the Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade on ABC.
She performed them again in a music video promoting the day's NBA games that aired on both networks.
Article: Love the Way You Lie
Section: Production

Question: Which company produced "Love The Way You Lie" by Eminem?

Music video.
The music video for "Love the Way You Lie" was Eminem's third to be directed by the American filmmaker Joseph Kahn.
Despite having planned to shoot a feature film and stop directing pop videos, Kahn chose to work on "Love the Way You Lie" because, according to him, the song discusses an important topic.
This was an opportunity for him to direct a video for Eminem without the comedic themes of their previous collaborations.
For the video, Kahn considered the British actor Dominic Monaghan as a co-star for his versatility, which he thought would help him play an antagonist.
Kahn cast the American actress Megan Fox, which he had presumed would be almost impossible because of her popularity with directors.
Fox, a fan of Eminem, accepted the role unhesitatingly.
Rosenberg gave Kahn one day to write a treatment, which Kahn finished in forty-five minutes.
He filmed Eminem's and Rihanna's parts on July 20, 2010; scenes with Fox and Monaghan were shot three days later.
By July 24, 2010, they had finished the shoot.
Kahn confirmed the completion of the director's cut the next day.
He said Fox's involvement made the video powerful, commenting for "Vibe":We wanted to make a specific story about two people—Meg and Dom—not a video that was representative of all couples or all domestic violence situations.
I'm not saying that all couples fight this way.
I just want people just to be able to identify with the characters and recognize that they've seen relationships like this where two people are together that are completely wrong for each other and things spiral out of control.
... Megan was the key to this video.
...
I'll tell you as a director the reason why and Monaghan's scenes in the video feel so real is because in the moment they were real.
Monaghan told MTV he thought the couple represents Eminem and Scott.
The clip was produced by Kathy Angstadt and Maryann Tanedo of HSI Productions.
Shortly before its release, Eminem reported in a press statement: "Joseph and I worked pretty closely together to make sure we got this right".
He said the difficult topic resulted in a powerful video because of the contributions of Rihanna, Fox and Monaghan.
Fox donated her appearance fee to the Soujourn House, a battered women's shelter.
On August 5, 2010, the video premiered on MTV and the music video website Vevo.
Article: Las Vegas Strip
Section: Pedestrian traffic

Question: At what time sidewalks on the Las Vegas strip is over crowded ?

Pedestrians can walk the length of the Las Vegas Strip with wide sidewalks in many places.
Sidewalks can get crowded in the evenings and early mornings, especially on weekend nights.
Crowds also gather near the outdoor shows at The Mirage, Treasure Island and Bellagio.
To improve pedestrian safety and help alleviate traffic congestion at popular intersections, several pedestrian footbridges were erected.
Some feature designs which match the theme of the nearby resorts.
The Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard footbridges were the first to be installed, and based on the success of this project additional footbridges have been built on Las Vegas Boulevard at the Flamingo Road intersection connecting Bellagio, Caesar's Palace, Bally's, and The Cromwell; between The Mirage/Treasure Island and The Venetian, and at the Las Vegas Boulevard-Spring Mountain and Sands Avenue intersection connecting the Wynn with the Fashion Show Mall, The Palazzo and Treasure Island.
The latest to be completed connects Planet Hollywood, CityCenter and The Cosmopolitan at the Harmon Avenue intersection.
Article: Manhattan Project
Section: Centrifuges

Question: When did the centrifuge process stop being used?

The centrifuge process was regarded as the only promising separation method in April 1942.
Jesse Beams had developed such a process at the University of Virginia during the 1930s, but had encountered technical difficulties.
The process required high rotational speeds, but at certain speeds harmonic vibrations developed that threatened to tear the machinery apart.
It was therefore necessary to accelerate quickly through these speeds.
In 1941 he began working with uranium hexafluoride, the only known gaseous compound of uranium, and was able to separate uranium-235.
At Columbia, Urey had Cohen investigate the process, and he produced a body of mathematical theory making it possible to design a centrifugal separation unit, which Westinghouse undertook to construct.
Scaling this up to a production plant presented a formidable technical challenge.
Urey and Cohen estimated that producing a kilogram (2.2 lb) of uranium-235 per day would require up to 50,000 centrifuges with rotors, or 10,000 centrifuges with rotors, assuming that 4-meter rotors could be built.
The prospect of keeping so many rotors operating continuously at high speed appeared daunting, and when Beams ran his experimental apparatus, he obtained only 60% of the predicted yield, indicating that more centrifuges would be required.
Beams, Urey and Cohen then began work on a series of improvements which promised to increase the efficiency of the process.
However, frequent failures of motors, shafts and bearings at high speeds delayed work on the pilot plant.
In November 1942 the centrifuge process was abandoned by the Military Policy Committee following a recommendation by Conant, Nichols and August C. Klein of Stone & Webster.
Article: Wrestling
Section: Lucha libre

Question: A traditional match in Lucha libre wrestling comprises of how many rounds?

Mexican professional wrestling, also known as "Lucha libre" is a style of wrestling that combines mixed-martial arts and the wrestling of North America.
In Lucha libre the wrestler or "luchador" uses a mask to cover his face.
Traditionally the match is for the best of three rounds without a time limit.
The "Luchador" or "wrestler" athlete uses their own wrestling style or "estilo de lucha" consisting of aerial attack wrestling moves, strikes and complex submission moves.
The most popular "luchadores" are Santo, Blue Demon, Rey Mysterio, Eddie Guerrero, La Parka, Dos Caras Jr./Alberto Del Rio and Mistico.
Article: Marzipan
Section: Abstract

Question: What do people use marzipan for?

Marzipan is a confection consisting primarily of sugar or honey and almond meal, sometimes augmented with almond oil or extract.
It is often made into sweets; common uses are marzipan-filled chocolate and small marzipan imitations of fruits and vegetables.
It is also rolled into thin sheets and glazed for icing cakes, primarily birthday and wedding cakes and Christmas cakes.
This use is particularly common in England, on large fruitcakes.
Marzipan (or almond paste) may also be used as a cake ingredient, as in stollen.
In some countries, it is shaped into small figures of animals as a traditional treat for New Year's Day.
Marzipan is also used in Tortell, and in some versions of king cake eaten during the Carnival season.
Traditional Swedish Princess Cake is typically covered with a layer of marzipan that has been tinted pale green.
Article: Galbi
Section: Abstract

Question: In Korean cuisine what is Kalbi or galbi?

Kalbi or galbi generally refers to a variety of "gui" or grilled dishes in Korean cuisine that are made with marinated beef (or pork) short ribs in a "ganjang"-based sauce (Korean soy sauce).
In the Korean language, "galbi" literally means "rib" and can refer to cooked or uncooked ribs.
Although the dish's full name is galbi gui, the word ""gui"" (grilling) is commonly omitted.
Suwon and Los Angeles are particularly known for their galbi.
"Galbi" is generally made with beef ribs, and it may be called ""sogalbi"" (소갈비) or ""soegalbi"" (쇠갈비).
The prefix ""so"" or ""soe"" (beef) is often omitted when referring to beef ribs.
It is also called "bulgalbi" when grilled over fire.
"Galbi" can also be made with pork ribs or chicken; in such cases, the dish is called ""dwaeji galbi"" (돼지갈비) or ""dak galbi"" (닭갈비) to emphasize the main ingredient.
It is listed at number 41 on the "World's 50 most delicious foods" readers' poll complied by "CNN Go" in 2011.
Article: Manhattan Project
Section: Ore

Question: Wich place the uranium was found highest in the year 1940?

The key raw material for the project was uranium, which was used as fuel for the reactors, as feed that was transformed into plutonium, and, in its enriched form, in the atomic bomb itself.
There were four known major deposits of uranium in 1940: in Colorado, in northern Canada, in Joachimstal in Czechoslovakia, and in the Belgian Congo.
All but Joachimstal were in allied hands.
A November 1942 survey determined that sufficient quantities of uranium were available to satisfy the project's requirements.
Nichols arranged with the State Department for export controls to be placed on uranium oxide and negotiated for the purchase of of uranium ore from the Belgian Congo that was being stored in a warehouse on Staten Island and the remaining stocks of mined ore stored in the Congo.
He negotiated with Eldorado Gold Mines for the purchase of ore from its mine in Port Hope, Ontario, and its shipment in 100-ton lots.
The Canadian government subsequently bought up the company's stock until it acquired a controlling interest.
While these purchases assured a sufficient supply to meet wartime needs, the American and British leaders concluded that it was in their countries' interest to gain control of as much of the world's uranium deposits as possible.
The richest source of ore was the Shinkolobwe mine in the Belgian Congo, but it was flooded and closed.
Nichols unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate its reopening and the sale of the entire future output to the United States with Edgar Sengier, the director of the company that owned the mine, Union Minière du Haut Katanga.
The matter was then taken up by the Combined Policy Committee.
As 30 percent of Union Minière's stock was controlled by British interests, the British took the lead in negotiations.
Sir John Anderson and Ambassador John Winant hammered out a deal with Sengier and the Belgian government in May 1944 for the mine to be reopened and of ore to be purchased at $1.45 a pound.
To avoid dependence on the British and Canadians for ore, Groves also arranged for the purchase of US Vanadium Corporation's stockpile in Uravan, Colorado.
Uranium mining in Colorado yielded about of ore. Mallinckrodt Incorporated in St. Louis, Missouri, took the raw ore and dissolved it in nitric acid to produce uranyl nitrate.
Ether was then added in a liquid–liquid extraction process to separate the impurities from the uranyl nitrate.
This was then heated to form uranium trioxide, which was reduced to highly pure uranium dioxide.
By July 1942, Mallinckrodt was producing a ton of highly pure oxide a day, but turning this into uranium metal initially proved more difficult for contractors Westinghouse and Metal Hydrides.
Production was too slow and quality was unacceptably low.
A special branch of the Metallurgical Laboratory was established at Iowa State College in Ames, Iowa, under Frank Spedding to investigate alternatives, and its Ames process became available in 1943.