community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: We Are Young
Section: Critical reception

Question: The song "We Are Young" was rated how by Luke Lewis of "NME"?

"We Are Young" has received generally positive reviews from critics.
Jody Rosen of "Rolling Stone" called the song "rollickingly catchy," writing that "Ruess' knack for the anthemic is matched by Gen-Y humor – emo self-deprecation that leavens the bombast."
In addition, fellow "Rolling Stone" columnist Steve Knopper compared the song's crossover success to that of Foster the People's "Pumped Up Kicks" (2011), writing that the song displays a "sprightly pop-novelty feel" that is the best track on the album.
Al Shipley of "The Village Voice" agreed with this comparison, attributing the song's success to the changing music industry as a result of advertising and iTunes.
MTV News called "We Are Young" the band's "breakout anthem" and one of the year's most unlikely sensations.RJ Cubarrubia of "Billboard" commended the band for taking their "warm retro sound into soaring ballad territory," calling the track a "bold statement."
He did however, criticize the small inclusion of Janelle Monáe in the track: "Monáe's guest spot is a missed opportunity, as the budding R&B star is relegated to background harmonies instead of adding something soulful and special to an already powerful hook."
Bill Lamb of About.com praised the chorus stating : "We Are Young" carries a hook in the chorus that is likely to stop many listeners dead in their tracks the first time they hear it.
The second time around this just might have become your new favorite song.
However Luke Lewis of "NME" gave a highly negative review of the song, giving a 5 out of 10 stating: "It's not clear what compelled Janelle Monáe to work with these New York-based Panic!
at the Disco soundalikes.
They're hardly natural bedfellows, and her input is limited to a brief vocal.
It's a winning formula though – this stirring emo ballad went to Number One in the US.
This year's Owl City then, if that concept doesn't chill your blood.
"The song won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards, where it was also a nominee for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.
Article: The Lord of the Rings
Section: Publication history

Question: Why didn't Tolkien like the title "The Return of the King"

A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950.
Tolkien intended "The Silmarillion" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with "The Lord of the Rings," but A&U were unwilling to do this.
After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that "The Lord of the Rings" itself "urgently wanted cutting", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952.
Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff.
"For publication, the book was divided into three volumes: "The Fellowship of the Ring" (Books I, "The Ring Sets Out", and II, "The Ring Goes South"), "The Two Towers" (Books III, "The Treason of Isengard", and IV, "The Ring Goes East"), and "The Return of the King" (Books V, "The War of the Ring", and VI, "The End of the Third Age", plus six appendices).
This was due largely to post-war paper shortages, as well as being a way to keep down the price of the book.
Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to the volumes being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954, on 11 November 1954 and on 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, and slightly later in the United States.
"The Return of the King" was especially delayed.
Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title "The Return of the King", believing it gave away too much of the storyline.
He had originally suggested "The War of the Ring", which was dismissed by his publishers.
The books were published under a profit-sharing arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits.
It has ultimately become the second best-selling novel ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.
Only "A Tale of Two Cities" by Charles Dickens has sold more copies worldwide (over 200 million) while the fourth best-selling novel is Tolkien's "The Hobbit".
Article: DNA
Section: Sense and antisense

Question: How do DNA sequences react in bacteria?

A DNA sequence is called "sense" if its sequence is the same as that of a messenger RNA copy that is translated into protein.
The sequence on the opposite strand is called the "antisense" sequence.
Both sense and antisense sequences can exist on different parts of the same strand of DNA (i.e.
both strands can contain both sense and antisense sequences).
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, antisense RNA sequences are produced, but the functions of these RNAs are not entirely clear.
One proposal is that antisense RNAs are involved in regulating gene expression through RNA-RNA base pairing.
A few DNA sequences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and more in plasmids and viruses, blur the distinction between sense and antisense strands by having overlapping genes.
In these cases, some DNA sequences do double duty, encoding one protein when read along one strand, and a second protein when read in the opposite direction along the other strand.
In bacteria, this overlap may be involved in the regulation of gene transcription, while in viruses, overlapping genes increase the amount of information that can be encoded within the small viral genome.
Article: Chemical reaction
Section: Applications

Question: Regarding pyrotechnics and welding, what does a thermite reaction generate?

Chemical reactions are central to chemical engineering where they are used for the synthesis of new compounds from natural raw materials such as petroleum and mineral ores.
It is essential to make the reaction as efficient as possible, maximizing the yield and minimizing the amount of reagents, energy inputs and waste.
Catalysts are especially helpful for reducing the energy required for the reaction and increasing its reaction rate.
Some specific reactions have their niche applications.
For example, the thermite reaction is used to generate light and heat in pyrotechnics and welding.
Although it is less controllable than the more conventional oxy-fuel welding, arc welding and flash welding, it requires much less equipment and is still used to mend rails, especially in remote areas.
Article: Claude Monet
Section: Death

Question: When did Claude Monet pass away and what did he die of?

Monet died of lung cancer on 5 December 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery.
Monet had insisted that the occasion be simple; thus only about fifty people attended the ceremony.
His home, garden, and waterlily pond were bequeathed by his son Michel, his only heir, to the French Academy of Fine Arts (part of the Institut de France) in 1966.
Through the "Fondation Claude Monet", the house and gardens were opened for visits in 1980, following restoration.
In addition to souvenirs of Monet and other objects of his life, the house contains his collection of Japanese woodcut prints.
The house and garden, along with the "Museum of Impressionism Giverny," are major attractions in Giverny, which hosts tourists from all over the world.
Article: Kebab
Section: In Norway

Question: Who brought kebobs to Norway in the 1980's?

In Norway, the kebab was introduced by Pakistani and Turkish immigrants during the 1980s.
The kebab has become a symbol of immigration from the Muslim world, and speaking Norwegian with an Arab accent or with a lot of words and expressions borrowed from the Pakistani, Turkish, Arabic, and Persian languages is sometimes referred to as "Kebabnorsk" (Kebab Norwegian).
The kebabs in Norway are served in a variety of ways, commonly in fast-food shops selling both hamburgers and kebabs.
The kebab roll has become increasingly popular, with the kebab not served in pita bread, but rather wrapped in pizza dough (making it look like a spring roll) for easy consumption.
The most "Norwegian" kebab to date is probably the whalemeat kebab sold at the Inferno Metal Festival.
As of 2008, the average price of the kebab in Norway lies around 65 kroner, or about €8.
In Bergen the average price of a kebab is around 50 kr.
In Bergen kebab is most commonly served in the dürüm variety, with two types of sauces, one standard and one optional hot chili variety.
The Norwegian Food Safety Authority in 2007 issued a warning about cheap kebabs.
According to "Verdens Gang" they estimated that more than 80% of kebab shops in Oslo use illegally produced meat.
It was warned that such meat could be dangerous to eat because it could contain salmonella or other bacteria, and that it could be connected to organised crime.
Article: Football
Section: Official disapproval and attempts to ban football

Question: When was football banned in England?

Numerous attempts have been made to ban football games, particularly the most rowdy and disruptive forms.
This was especially the case in England and in other parts of Europe, during the Middle Ages and early modern period.
Between 1324 and 1667, football was banned in England alone by more than 30 royal and local laws.
The need to repeatedly proclaim such laws demonstrated the difficulty in enforcing bans on popular games.
King Edward II was so troubled by the unruliness of football in London that on April 13, 1314 he issued a proclamation banning it: "Forasmuch as there is great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls from which many evils may arise which God forbid; we command and forbid, on behalf of the King, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city in the future.
"The reasons for the ban by Edward III, on June 12, 1349, were explicit: football and other recreations distracted the populace from practicing archery, which was necessary for war.
In 1424, the Parliament of Scotland passed a Football Act that stated "it is statut and the king forbiddis that na man play at the fut ball under the payne of iiij d" – in other words, playing football was made illegal, and punishable by a fine of four pence.
By 1608, the local authorities in Manchester were complaining that: "With the ffotebale...hath beene greate disorder in our towne of Manchester we are told, and glasse windowes broken yearlye and spoyled by a companie of lewd and disordered persons ..." That same year, the word"football" was used disapprovingly by William Shakespeare.
Shakespeare's play "King Lear" contains the line: "Nor tripped neither, you base football player" (Act I, Scene 4).
Shakespeare also mentions the game in "A Comedy of Errors" (Act II, Scene 1):"Spurn" literally means "to kick away", thus implying that the game involved kicking a ball between players.
King James I of England's "Book of Sports" (1618) however, instructs Christians to play at football every Sunday afternoon after worship.
The book's aim appears to be an attempt to offset the strictness of the Puritans regarding the keeping of the Sabbath.
Article: Jingle Bell Rock
Section: Abstract

Question: What singer released "Jingle Bell Rock" in 1958?

"Jingle Bell Rock" is a popular Christmas song first released by Bobby Helms in 1958.
It has received frequent airplay in the United States during every Christmas time since then.
"Jingle Bell Rock" was composed by Joseph Carleton Beal (1900–1967), and James Ross Boothe (1917–1976).
Beal was a Massachusetts-born public relations man and longtime resident of South Ocean Avenue in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Boothe was a Texan writer in the advertising business.
Article: Modern Family
Section: Analysis and commentary

Question: Who compared Zuckenberg's to Norman Lear regarding influence on Modern Family?

In "The New York Times", Bruce Feiler called attention to how the show depicts the increasing way communications technology shapes the way people perceive others, even family members. "
is surely the first family comedy that incorporates its own hashtag of simultaneous self-analysis directly into the storyline," he writes.
"Mark Zuckerberg may be a greater influence on "Modern Family" than Norman Lear.
"The show's writers and actors agree.
"We used to talk about how cellphones killed the sitcom because no one ever goes to anyone's house anymore" for routine information, Abraham Higginbotham told Feiler.
"We embrace technology so it's part of the story."
Ty Burrell draws on Fran Lebowitz's observation that there is no institution other than media.
"I had this little flash of Phil—and me—that we are parsing our personality together externally from how people perceive us.
"James Parker said that "The American family circa 2011 is, after all, an acutely self-conscious and self-interrogating unit: How does one 'parent'?
Who does what, which 'role'?
Is Dad sufficiently dad-like and Mom enough of a mom?"
he writes.
""Modern Family" taps right into all this, the cameras that lurch through its three households producing the sensation of a wild and shaky experiment, recorded for purposes educational or scientific.
"In a 2014 article in "Slate", the site's podcast executive producer, Andy Bowers, a resident of Los Angeles's Westside, where the show films most of its exteriors, praised the series for its realistic depiction of life in that part of the city.
"f you live around here and watch the show, it's easy to forget these people are fictional.
They feel like real neighbors who inhabit the same world we do, much more so than any other TV show I've ever seen."
Many of the show's locations were familiar to him as places he regularly visited or passed.
In addition to its accurate depiction of the area's physical landscape, Bowers added, it was a realistic depiction of its social and cultural landscape:"Modern Family" has been called a culturally-defining series.
Eric Stonestreet voiced his opinion on the social implications of the show and what the support means to him.
Article: The Starry Night
Section: Subject matter

Question: What is the name of the brother of Van Gogh?

The center part shows the village of Saint-Rémy under a swirling sky, in a view from the asylum towards north.
The Alpilles far to the right fit to this view, but there is little rapport of the actual scene with the intermediary hills which seem to be derived from a different part of the surroundings, south of the asylum.
The cypress tree to the left was added into the composition.
Of note is the fact Van Gogh had already, during his time in Arles, repositioned Ursa Major from the north to the south in his painting "Starry Night Over the Rhone".
In a letter to his brother Theo, Van Gogh wrote of it:
Article: Invasion of Normandy
Section: Assessment of the battle

Question: Which landings were the first successful opposed landings across the English Channel in over eight centuries.

The Normandy landings were the first successful opposed landings across the English Channel in over eight centuries.
They were costly in terms of men, but the defeat inflicted on the Germans was one of the largest of the war.
Strategically, the campaign led to the loss of the German position in most of France and the secure establishment of a new major front.
In larger context the Normandy landings helped the Soviets on the Eastern front, who were facing the bulk of the German forces and, to a certain extent, contributed to the shortening of the conflict there.
Although there was a shortage of artillery ammunition, at no time were the Allies critically short of any necessity.
This was a remarkable achievement considering they did not hold a port until Cherbourg fell.
By the time of the breakout the Allies also enjoyed a considerable superiority in numbers of troops (approximately 7:2) and armoured vehicles (approximately 4:1) which helped overcome the natural advantages the terrain gave to the German defenders.
Allied intelligence and counterintelligence efforts were successful beyond expectations.
The Operation Fortitude deception before the invasion kept German attention focused on the Pas de Calais, and indeed high-quality German forces were kept in this area, away from Normandy, until July.
Prior to the invasion, few German reconnaissance flights took place over Britain, and those that did saw only the dummy staging areas.
Ultra decrypts of German communications had been helpful as well, exposing German dispositions and revealing their plans such as the Mortain counterattack.
Allied air operations also contributed significantly to the invasion, via close tactical support, interdiction of German lines of communication (preventing timely movement of supplies and reinforcements—particularly the critical Panzer units), and rendering the Luftwaffe ineffective in Normandy.
Although the impact upon armoured vehicles was less than expected, air activity intimidated these units and cut their supplies.
Despite initial heavy losses in the assault phase, Allied morale remained high.
Casualty rates among all the armies were tremendous, and the Commonwealth forces had to use a recently created category—Double Intense—to be able to describe them.
Article: Part of Me (Katy Perry song)
Section: Composition and lyrical interpretation

Question: What is Part of Me's tonal range?

"Part of Me" is a power pop song set to a house beat.
It is composed in the key of D minor and set in a 4/4 time signature at a tempo of 130 beats per minute.
The melody spans the tonal range of D4 to D5, while the music follows the chord progression of Dm–F–Bb-C. Production was done by Perry's frequent collaborator, Dr. Luke.
The song begins with Perry's somber and emotional delivery of the line, "Days like this I want to drive away/ Pack my bags and watch your shadow fade."
At the bridge, the beat amplifies and Perry's lyrics become more aggressive as she commands "Now Look at Me!
", signalling to her ex that she is still strong, regardless of what he tries to do to bring her down.
The beat reaches a peak at the chorus, and Perry's tone and the song's lyrics become more aggressive and prominent as she sings, "This is the Part of me that you're never-ever gonna take away from me."
As the song continues, Perry's lyrics become strong and empowered: "So you can keep the diamond ring/ It don't mean nothing anyway/ In fact you can keep everything Yeah/ Yeah Except for me".
Perry repeats the ending chorus as the beat fades.
James Dinh of MTV noted that "the pop star appears strong, bold and just a tad resentful after a breakup" on the track.
His analysis of the lyrics observed that "The singer declares herself unbreakable after a breakup, evident in lines such as "Days like this I want to drive away/ Pack my bags and watch your shadow fade/ 'Cause you chewed me up and spit me out/ Like I was poison in your mouth/ You took my light, you drained me down/ But that was then and this is now, now look at me."
Dinh pointed out similarities between "Part of Me" and Perry's previous single "California Gurls", noting that "the tune's steady beat amplifies" as the chorus starts.
Andrew Hampp of "Billboard" described the song as a "dance-floor rave up", and compared the song's composition to Jessie J's "Domino".
Edna Gundersen from" USA Today" stated: "Katy Perry could be addressing her ex or her detractors on this defiant slapdown, a gleaming "Firework"-like pop torpedo propelled by slick beats and a brazen chorus."
Chris Ryan, also of MTV, inferred that the song was aimed at Perry's ex-boyfriend Travie McCoy, while "New York" magazine journalist Amanda Dobbis described it as "another break-up anthem".
Fans and media noted differences in the lyrics between the demo and the single, and claimed that the changes redirected the song's subject from McCoy to Perry's ex-husband Russell Brand, from whom she had recently divorced.
Perry declared it was not about Brand, stating:I wrote it two years ago, which is funny because everybody is like "God, it sounds so current," and some people that I work with were like "You should just say you wrote it a couple of weeks ago."
I'm like "I'm not a dick, I'm going to tell the truth."
I wrote it two years ago when I was writing and recording Teenage Dream, it didn't feel right on the record.
I would've had to take out one of my other songs that [made the album a nice, complete package.
Article: Badminton
Section: Singles

Question: Is the singles or doubles court more narrow?

The singles court is narrower than the doubles court, but the same length.
Since one person needs to cover the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to move as much as possible; this means that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the court.
Players exploit the length of the court by combining lifts and clears with drop shots and net shots.
Smashing tends to be less prominent in singles than in doubles because the smasher has no partner to follow up his effort and is thus vulnerable to a skillfully placed return.
Moreover, frequent smashing can be exhausting in singles where the conservation of a player's energy is at a premium.
However, players with strong smashes will sometimes use the shot to create openings, and players commonly smash weak returns to try to end rallies.
In singles, players will often start the rally with a forehand high serve or with a flick serve.
Low serves are also used frequently, either forehand or backhand.
Drive serves are rare.
At high levels of play, singles demands extraordinary fitness.
Singles is a game of patient positional manoeuvring, unlike the all-out aggression of doubles.
Article: Sailing
Section: Other terms

Question: What is the term for walls in sailing?

Walls are called "bulkheads" or "ceilings", while the surfaces referred to as ceilings on land are called 'overheads'or 'deckheads'.
Floors are called 'soles' or "decks".
"Broken up" was the fate of a ship that hit a "rocky point" or was simply no longer wanted.
The toilet is traditionally called the 'head', the kitchen is the "galley".
When lines are tied off, this may be referred to as 'made fast' or 'belayed.'
Sails in different sail plans have unchanging names, however.
For the naming of sails, see sail-plan.