community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Atomic number
Section: The periodic table and a natural number for each element

Question: What was the result of identifying more and more chemically similar lanthanide elements?

The periodic table and a natural number for each element.
Loosely speaking, the existence or construction of a periodic table of elements creates an ordering of the elements, and so they can be numbered in order.
Dmitri Mendeleev claimed that he arranged his first periodic tables in order of atomic weight ("Atomgewicht").
However, in consideration of the elements' observed chemical properties, he changed the order slightly and placed tellurium (atomic weight 127.6) ahead of iodine (atomic weight 126.9).
This placement is consistent with the modern practice of ordering the elements by proton number, "Z", but that number was not known or suspected at the time.
A simple numbering based on periodic table position was never entirely satisfactory, however.
Besides the case of iodine and tellurium, later several other pairs of elements (such as argon and potassium, cobalt and nickel) were known to have nearly identical or reversed atomic weights, thus requiring their placement in the periodic table to be determined by their chemical properties.
However the gradual identification of more and more chemically similar lanthanide elements, whoise atomic number was not obvious, led to inconsistency and uncertainty in the periodic numbering of elements at least from lutetium (element 71) onwards (hafnium was not known at this time).
[[File:Henry Moseley.jpg|140px|thumb|Henry Moseley helped develop the concept of atomic number by showing experimentally (1913) that Van den Broek's 1911 hypothesis combined with the Bohr model nearly correctly predicted atomic X-ray emissions.]]
Article: Steak
Section: Abstract

Question: What direction is a fish steak cut in?

A steak (from Old Norse "steik", "roast") is generally a cut of beef sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers, or of fish cut perpendicular to the spine.
Meat steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled, while fish steaks may also be baked.
Steak can also be meat cooked in sauce, such as steak and kidney pie, or minced meat formed into a steak shape, such as Salisbury steak and hamburger steak.
Without qualification, the word "steak" generally refers to beefsteak.
Steaks from other animals are usually qualified as, "e.g.
", 'swordfish steak' or 'venison steak'.
Article: Attack on Pearl Harbor
Section: Niihau Incident

Question: Who was rescued from the wreckage?

The Japanese planners had determined that some means of rescuing fliers whose aircraft were too badly damaged to return to the carriers was required.
The island of Niihau, only 30 minutes flying time from Pearl Harbor, was designated as the rescue point.
The Zero flown by Petty Officer Shigenori Nishikaichi of Hiryu was damaged in the attack on Wheeler, and he flew to the rescue point on Niihau.
The aircraft was further damaged on landing.
Nishikaichi was helped from the wreckage by one of the native Hawaiian inhabitants, who, aware of the tension between the United States and Japan, took the pilot's maps and other documents.
The island's residents had no telephones or radio and were completely unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Nishikaichi enlisted the support of three Japanese-American residents in an attempt to recover the documents.
During the ensuing struggles, Nishikaichi was killed and a Hawaiian civilian was wounded; one collaborator committed suicide, and his wife and the third collaborator were sent to prison.
The ease with which the local ethnic Japanese residents apparently went to the assistance of Nishikaichi was a source of concern for many, and tended to support those who believed that local Japanese could not be trusted.
Article: The Thinker
Section: Abstract

Question: Who created the famous sculpture "The Thinker?"

The Thinker ("") is a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin, usually placed on a stone pedestal.
The work shows a nude male figure of over life-size sitting on a rock with his chin resting on one hand as though deep in thought, and is often used as an image to represent philosophy.
There are about 28 full size castings, in which the figure is about high, though not all were made during Rodin's lifetime and under his supervision, as well as various other versions, several in plaster, studies, and posthumous castings, in a range of sizes.
Rodin first conceived the figure as part of another work in 1880, but the first of the familiar monumental bronze castings did not appear until 1904.
Article: Solar System
Section: Venus

Question: How does Venus's atmosphere compare to Earth's?

 Venus (0.7 AU from the Sun) is close in size to Earth (0.815 Earth masses) and, like Earth, has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity.
It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.
Venus has no natural satellites.
It is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures over 400 °C (752°F), most likely due to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
No definitive evidence of current geological activity has been detected on Venus, but it has no magnetic field that would prevent depletion of its substantial atmosphere, which suggests that its atmosphere is frequently replenished by volcanic eruptions.
Article: Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)
Section: Recurring cast

Question: Who plays Bud Baxter?

 Jordan Masterson (recurring, season two–present) and Nick Jonas (season one, guest star) as Ryan Vogelson, Boyd's father.
Ryan holds staunchly liberal views both politically and philosophically.
He and Mike routinely clash over their fundamentally opposing values, especially when it comes to child-rearing.
Ryan wishes to raise his son without religion and patriotism.
His vegan diet, political correctness, views on discipline, and general sensitivity are an affront to Mike's beliefs.
Their relationship and arguments mirror those of Archie Bunker and Mike "Meathead" Stivic on "All in the Family", with the difference that Ryan's liberal views are extreme and comparatively ill-founded, whereas liberal Meathead tended to be the voice of reason.
 Robert Forster as Bud Baxter, Mike's father who is in the construction business.
 Jonathan Adams as Chuck Larabee (season two–present), Mike and Vanessa's neighbor.
He is a retired U.S. Marine and a veteran of the first Gulf War.
Chuck is an African-American, and often jokes with Mike about racial stereotypes.
 Erika Alexander as Carol Larabee (season two–present), Chuck's wife and Mike and Vanessa's neighbor.
 Carla Jimenez as Blanca (season two–present), the Baxters' housekeeper.
 Jonathan Taylor Thomas as John Baker (season two–present), Kristin's boss at a fancy restaurant where she works.
 Richard Karn as Bill McKendree (season two), an architect who has had a long-running business relationship with Mike and Outdoor Man.
 Danielle Bisutti as Michelle (season one), Vanessa's friend and next-door neighbor; she is a meteorologist.
Article: England
Section: Economy

Question: What is England's average GDP per capita?

England's economy is one of the largest in the world, with an average GDP per capita of £22,907.
Usually regarded as a mixed market economy, it has adopted many free market principles, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure.
The official currency in England is the pound sterling, whose ISO 4217 code is GBP.
Taxation in England is quite competitive when compared to much of the rest of Europe—as of 2009 the basic rate of personal tax is 20% on taxable income up to £37,400, and 40% on any additional earnings above that amount.
The economy of England is the largest part of the UK's economy, which has the 18th highest GDP PPP per capita in the world.
England is a leader in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors and in key technical industries, particularly aerospace, the arms industry, and the manufacturing side of the software industry.
London, home to the London Stock Exchange, the United Kingdom's main stock exchange and the largest in Europe, is England's financial centre—100 of Europe's 500 largest corporations are based in London.
London is the largest financial centre in Europe, and is also the largest in the world.
The Bank of England, founded in 1694 by Scottish banker William Paterson, is the United Kingdom's central bank.
Originally established as private banker to the Government of England, since 1946 it has been a state-owned institution.
The Bank has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, although not in other parts of the United Kingdom.
The government has devolved responsibility to the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee for managing the monetary policy of the country and setting interest rates.
England is highly industrialised, but since the 1970s there has been a decline in traditional heavy and manufacturing industries, and an increasing emphasis on a more service industry oriented economy.
Tourism has become a significant industry, attracting millions of visitors to England each year.
The export part of the economy is dominated by pharmaceuticals, cars—although many English marques are now foreign-owned, such as Rolls-Royce, Lotus, Jaguar and Bentley—crude oil and petroleum from the English parts of North Sea oil along with Wytch Farm, aircraft engines and alcoholic beverages.
Agriculture is intensive and highly mechanised, producing 60% of food needs with only 2% of the labour force.
Two thirds of production is devoted to livestock, the other to arable crops.
Article: French fries
Section: France and other French-speaking countries

Question: Where were French Fries commonly thought to be invented?

In France and other French-speaking countries, fried potatoes are formally "pommes de terre frites", but more commonly "pommes frites", "patates frites", or simply "frites".
The word ""aiguillettes"" or "allumettes" is used when the chips are very small and thin.
One enduring origin story holds that French Fries were invented by street vendors on the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris in 1789, just before the outbreak of the French revolution.
Eating potatoes was promoted in France by Parmentier, but he did not mention fried potatoes in particular.
Many Americans attribute the dish to France and offer as evidence a notation by U.S. President Thomas Jefferson.
""Pommes de terre frites à cru, en petites tranches"" ("Potatoes deep-fried while raw, in small cuttings") in a manuscript in Thomas Jefferson's hand (circa 1801–1809) and the recipe almost certainly comes from his French chef, Honoré Julien.
In addition, from 1813 on, recipes for what can be described as French fries occur in popular American cookbooks.
By the late 1850s, one of these uses the term "French fried potatoes".
"Frites" are the main ingredient in the Canadian dish of Québécois descent known in both Canadian English and French as poutine, consisting of fried potatoes covered with cheese curds and gravy, a dish with a growing number of variations.
Article: Vegetable
Section: Terminology

Question: What country considers avocado a fruit?

There are at least four definitions relating to fruits and vegetables: 
Fruit (botany): the ovary of a flowering plant (sometimes including accessory structures), 
Fruit (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a sweet flavor, 
Vegetable (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a savory flavor.
Vegetable (legal): commodities that are taxed as vegetables in a particular jurisdiction 
In everyday, grocery-store, culinary language, the words "fruit" and "vegetable" are mutually exclusive ; plant products that are called fruit are hardly ever classified as vegetables, and vice-versa.
The word "fruit" has a precise botanical meaning (a part that developed from the ovary of a flowering plant), which is considerably different from its culinary meaning, and includes many poisonous fruits.
While peaches, plums, and oranges are "fruit" in both senses, many items commonly called "vegetables" — such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes — are botanically fruits, while the cereals (grains) are both a fruit and a vegetable, as well as some spices like black pepper and chili peppers.
The question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable found its way into the United States Supreme Court in 1893.
The court ruled unanimously in "Nix v. Hedden" that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce.
The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically speaking, a tomato is a fruit.
Languages other than English often have categories that can be identified with the common English meanings of "fruit" and "vegetable", but their precise meaning often depends on local culinary traditions.
For example, in Brazil the avocado is traditionally consumed with sugar as a dessert or in milkshakes, and hence it is regarded as a culinary fruit; whereas in other countries (including Mexico and the United States) it is used in salads and dips, and hence considered to be a vegetable.
Article: Last Supper
Section: Artistic depictions

Question: what religion is the last supper associated with?

The Last Supper has been a popular subject in Christian art.
Depictions of the Last Supper in Christian art date back to early Christianity and can be seen in the Catacombs of Rome.
Byzantine artists frequently focused on the Apostles receiving Communion, rather than the reclining figures having a meal.
By the Renaissance, the Last Supper was a favorite topic in Italian art.
There are three major themes in the depictions of the last supper.
The first theme is the dramatic and dynamic depiction of Jesus' announcement of his betrayal.
The second theme is the moment of the institution of the tradition of the Eucharist.
The depictions here are generally solemn and mystical.
The third major theme is the farewell of Jesus to his disciples, in which Judas Iscariot is no longer present, having left the supper.
The depictions here are generally melancholy, as Jesus prepares his disciples for his departure.
There are also other, less frequently depicted scenes, such as the washing of the feet of the disciples.
Well known examples include Leonardo da Vinci's depiction, which is considered the first work of High Renaissance art due to its high level of harmony, Tintoretto's depiction which is unusual in that it includes secondary characters carrying or taking the dishes from the table and Salvadore Dali's depiction combines the typical Christian themes with modern approaches of Surrealism.
Article: British Museum
Section: British Museum Press

Question: What does the BMP stand for?

 Press.
The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd, a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the Trustees of the British Museum.
The BMP publishes both popular and scholarly illustrated books to accompany the exhibition programme and explore aspects of the general collection.
Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum.
Scholarly titles are published in the Research Publications series, all of which are peer-reviewed.
This series was started in 1978 and was originally called Occasional Papers.
The series is designed to disseminate research on items in the collection.
Between six and eight titles are published each year in this series.
Article: Sushi
Section: Western-style sushi

Question: Sushi prepared with crawfish can be found where?

The increasing popularity of "sushi" around the world has resulted in variations typically found in the Western world, but rarely in Japan (a notable exception to this is the use of salmon which was introduced by the Norwegians in the early 1980s).
Such creations to suit the Western palate were initially fueled by the invention of the California roll (a "norimaki" with crab (later, imitation crab), cucumber, and avocado).
A wide variety of popular rolls ("norimaki" and "uramaki") has evolved since.
Though the menu names of dishes often vary by restaurant, some examples include:Other rolls may include pretty much anything, including chopped scallops, spicy tuna, beef or chicken teriyaki roll, okra, and assorted vegetables such as cucumber and avocado.
Since rolls are usually made to-order, it is not unusual for the customer to specify the exact ingredients desired.
Sometimes, rolls are made with brown rice or black rice, which appear in Japanese cuisine as well.
An "uramaki" (inside-out roll) allows draping ingredients on the outside of the roll in addition to the inside.
Examples include the rainbow roll (an inside-out topped with thinly sliced "maguro, hamachi, ebi, sake" and avocado) and the caterpillar roll (an inside-out topped with thinly sliced avocado).
Also commonly found is the "rock and roll" (an inside-out roll with barbecued freshwater eel and avocado with toasted sesame seeds on the outside) and the "tempura roll", where shrimp tempura is inside the roll or the entire roll is battered and fried tempura-style.
In the Southern United States, many sushi restaurants prepare rolls using crawfish.
"Futomaki" roll is found widely within Japan.
Other types of Western-style sushi are also rarely seen in Japan.
Article: Dexter (TV series)
Section: Video game

Question: Has there been more material for the Dexter game which has come out since 2009?

Other media.
Video game.
A video game based on "Dexter" developed by Icarus Studios and based on the events of season one, was released on September 13, 2009.
It is available for the iPhone platform in the iTunes App Store.
The game was released on the iPad on October 15, 2010, and on PC on February 15, 2011.
The cast and crew of "Dexter" have been very supportive, with some of the cast providing full voice work for the game, including Michael C. Hall.
The game has received many positive reviews, including an 8/10 from IGN.
No additional content for the game has been released or announced as planned.
Plans to release the game on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 seem to have been cancelled, as there has been no recent information regarding expansion of the game onto these platforms.
Article: The Usual Suspects
Section: Nominations and awards

Question: What was the Academy Award that Kevin Spacy won for "The Usual Suspects"?

Christopher McQuarrie was nominated for the Best Original Screenplay and Kevin Spacey was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the Academy Awards.
They both won, and in his acceptance speech Spacey memorably said, "Well, whoever Keyser Söze is, I can tell you he's gonna get gloriously drunk tonight.
"McQuarrie also won the Best Original Screenplay award at the 1996 British Academy Film Awards.
The film was also nominated for Best Film, and best editing.
It won for best editing.
The film was nominated for three Independent Spirit Awards — Best Supporting Actor for Benicio del Toro, Best Screenplay for Christopher McQuarrie and Best Cinematography for Newton Thomas Sigel.
Both Del Toro and McQuarrie won in their categories.
"The Usual Suspects" was screened at the 1995 Seattle International Film Festival, where Bryan Singer was awarded Best Director and Kevin Spacey won for Best Actor.
The Boston Society of Film Critics gave Spacey the Best Supporting Actor award for his work on the film.
Spacey went on to win this award with the New York Film Critics Circle and the National Board of Review, which also gave the cast an ensemble acting award.
Article: French fries
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the main ingredient in a French fry?

French fries (American English) or chips, fries, finger chips, or French-fried potatoes are batons of deep-fried potato.
Americans and most Canadians refer to any elongated pieces of fried potatoes as "fries", while in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, long, thinly cut slices of fried potatoes are sometimes called "fries" to distinguish them from the more thickly cut strips called chips.
French fries are served hot and generally eaten as an accompaniment with lunch or dinner, or eaten as a snack, and they are a common fixture of fast food.
French fries are generally salted and, in their simplest and most common form, are served with ketchup; in many countries, though, they are topped instead with other condiments or toppings, including vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialities.
Fries can also be topped more elaborately, as is the case with the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.
Sometimes, fries are made with sweet potatoes instead of potatoes, are baked instead of fried, or are cut into unusual shapes, as is the case with curly fries, wavy fries, or tornado fries.
Article: Wadjda
Section: Production

Question: Who was the first time actress that played Wadjda in the motion picture film Wadjda?

According to the director Haifaa al-Mansour, it took five years to make "Wadjda".
Most of the time was spent trying to find financial backing and getting filming permission, since she insisted on filming in Saudi Arabia for reasons of authenticity.
She received backing from Rotana, the film production company of Prince Alwaleed bin Talal.
However, she was very interested in finding a foreign co-producer because "in Saudi there are no movie theatres, there is no film industry to speak of and, therefore, little money for investment".
After being chosen for a Sundance Institute writer's lab in Jordan, al-Mansour got in touch with the German production company Razor Film, which had previously produced films with Middle-Eastern topics ("Paradise Now" and "Waltz with Bashir").
The production involved co-operation with two German public TV broadcasters, Norddeutscher Rundfunk and Bayerischer Rundfunk.
Additional funding came from (FFA, Berlin); Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH (MBB, Potsdam); Mitteldeutsche Medienförderung GmbH (MDM, Leipzig) and Filmfonds Babelsberg (ILB, Potsdam-Babelsberg).
Al-Mansour's screenplay was influenced by neorealist cinema like Vittorio de Sica's "Bicycle Thieves", Jafar Panahi's "Offside" or "Rosetta".
The final scene recalls the final scene of François Truffaut 's The 400 Blows.
Al-Mansour says that the original version of her screenplay was much bleaker than the finished product: "I decided I didn't want the film to carry a slogan and scream, but just to create a story where people can laugh and cry a little."
Al-Mansour based the character of Wadjda on one of her nieces and also on her own experiences when growing up.
The main themes of the story are freedom, as represented by the bicycle, and the fear of emotional abandonment, as Wadjda's father wants to take a second wife who will provide him with a son.
"Wadjda" was filmed on the streets of Riyadh, which often made it necessary for the director to work from the back of a van, as she could not publicly mix with the men in the crew.
Often, she could only communicate via walkie-talkie and had to watch the actors on a monitor.
This made it difficult to direct: "It made me realise the need to rehearse and to develop an understanding for each scene before we shot it."
Waad Mohammed, who plays Wadjda, was a first time actress.