community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Nanking Massacre
Section: Apology and condolences by the Prime Minister and Emperor of Japan

Question: What day was the 50th anniversary of the Surrender of Japan?

On August 15, 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the Surrender of Japan, the Japanese prime minister Tomiichi Murayama gave the first clear and formal apology for Japanese actions during the war.
He apologized for Japan's wrongful aggression and the great suffering that it inflicted in Asia.
He offered his heartfelt apology to all survivors and to the relatives and friends of the victims.
That day, the prime minister and the Japanese Emperor Akihito pronounced statements of mourning at Tokyo's Nippon Budokan.
The emperor offered his condolences and expressed the hope that such atrocities would never be repeated.
Iris Chang, author of "The Rape of Nanking", criticized Murayama for not providing the written apology that had been expected.
She said that the people of China "don't believe that an... unequivocal and sincere apology has ever been made by Japan to China" and that a written apology from Japan would send a better message to the international community.
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Symbolism

Question: When "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegrante A second before Awakening" created?

Dalí employed extensive symbolism in his work.
For instance, the hallmark "melting watches" that first appear in "The Persistence of Memory" suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.
The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dalí when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.
The elephant is also a recurring image in Dalí's works.
It first appeared in his 1944 work "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening".
The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed "with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire" along with obelisks on their backs.
Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality.
"The elephant is a distortion in space", one analysis explains, "its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure."
"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly."
—Salvador Dalí, in Dawn Ades, "Dalí and Surrealism".
The egg is another common Dalíesque image.
He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in "The Great Masturbator" and "The Metamorphosis of Narcissus".
"The Metamorphosis of Narcissus" also symbolized death and petrification.
Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death, decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (he saw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud); and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear.
Article: Maple syrup
Section: Production

Question: In which area of the world is the most maple syrup produced?

Maple syrup production is centred in northeastern North America; however, given the correct weather conditions, it can be made wherever suitable species of maple trees grow.
A maple syrup production farm is called a "sugarbush" or "sugarwood".
Sap is often boiled in a "sugar house" (also known as a "sugar shack," "sugar shanty," or "cabane à sucre"), a building louvered at the top to vent the steam from the boiling sap.
Maples are usually tapped beginning at 30 to 40 years of age.
Each tree can support between one and three taps, depending on its trunk diameter.
The average maple tree will produce of sap per season, up to per day.
This is roughly equal to 7% of its total sap.
Seasons last for four to eight weeks, depending on the weather.
During the day, starch stored in the roots for the winter rises through the trunk as sugary sap, allowing it to be tapped.
Sap is not tapped at night because the temperature drop inhibits sap flow, although taps are typically left in place overnight.
Some producers also tap in autumn, though this practice is less common than spring tapping.
Maples can continue to be tapped for sap until they are over 100 years old.
Article: Machu Picchu
Section: Intimachay and the Royal Feast of the Sun

Question: Where is Intimachay located?

Intimachay is a special cave designed to celebrate and observe the Royal Feast of the Sun.
This festival was only to be celebrated by nobility in the Incan month of Capac Raymi and was associated with the December solstice.
The festival would begin earlier in the month and would conclude on the solstice.
On this day, boys of nobility would be initiated into manhood by conducting an ear-piercing ritual as they watched the sun rise from within the cave.
Architecturally, Intimachay is the most significant structure located at Machu Picchu.
Its entrances, walls, steps and windows are all comprised with some of the finest masonry found in Incan Empire.
The cave also includes a unique tunnel-like window which cannot be found in any other Incan structure.
This window was strategically constructed to only allow sunlight into the cave for a span of several days around the time of the December solstice.
For this reason, the cave was inaccessible for much of the year.
Intimachay is located on the eastern side of Machu Picchu, just north of the "Condor Stone."
Many of the caves surrounding this area were prehistorically used as tombs, yet there is no evidence to suggest that it too was a burial ground.
Article: Breaking Bad
Section: Pink teddy bear

Question: What is missing from the teddy bear?

A motif within the second season is the image of a damaged teddy bear and its missing eye.
The teddy bear first appears at the end of the music video "Fallacies" for Jesse's band "TwaüghtHammër", which was released as a webisode in February 2009 leading to the second season.
The teddy bear can also be spotted on the mural on Jane's bedroom wall during the final episode of the second season, further connecting the crash to Jane.
It is seen in flashforwards during four episodes, the titles of which, when put together in order, form the sentence "Seven Thirty-Seven down over ABQ".
The flashforwards are shot in black and white, with the sole exception of the pink teddy bear, which is an homage to the film "Schindler's List", in which the color red is used to distinguish a little girl in a coat.
At the end of the season, Walter indirectly helps cause the midair collision of two airplanes; the pink teddy bear is then revealed to have fallen out of one of the planes and into the White family's pool.
Vince Gilligan called the plane accident an attempt to visualize "all the terrible grief that Walt has wrought upon his loved ones" and "the judgment of God.
"In the first episode of the third season, the NTSB fishes the teddy bear out of his pool and Walt later finds the missing eye in the pool filter.
Television critic Myles McNutt has called it "a symbol of the damage feels responsible for," and "The A.V.
Club" commented that "the pink teddy bear continues to accuse."
Fans and critics have compared the appearance of the teddy bear's face to an image of Gus Fring's face in the fourth season finale.
The teddy bear was auctioned off, among other memorabilia, on September 29, 2013, the air date of the show finale.
On October 29 of the same year, Aaron Paul posted production pictures of Cranston posing with the teddy bear on Instagram.
Article: Ketchup
Section: Terminology

Question: Where is the term  "Red sauce" used?

The term used for the sauce varies.
"Ketchup" (sometimes spelled "catsup" in American English, called "a failed attempt at Anglicization") is the dominant term in American English and Canadian English, with "catsup" being the prominent term in some southern US states.
In these dialects, "tomato sauce" refers to pasta sauce, and is not a synonym for ketchup.
"Tomato sauce" is more common in Commonwealth English (e.g., Australia, India, New Zealand and South Africa).
In British English, the two terms are interchangeable.
"Red sauce" is used in Welsh English, Scottish English, Irish English and some parts of England, such as the Black Country, and in South London, often contrasting with brown sauce with which it is often served but in Canadian and American English, "red sauce" refers to red spicy sauces (or sweet and sour sauce) and is not a synonym for ketchup.
The etymology of the word "ketchup" is unclear, with multiple competing theories:
Article: Vietnam War
Section: Casualties

Question: How many deaths were during Wietnam War

Estimates of the number of casualties vary, with one source suggesting up to 3.8 million violent war deaths.195,000–430,000 South Vietnamese civilians died in the war.
50,000–65,000 North Vietnamese civilians died in the war.
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam lost between 171,331 and 220,357 men during the war.
The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974.
Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent.
In addition, Guenter Lewy assumes that one-third of the reported "enemy" killed may have been civilians, concluding that the actual number of deaths of communist military forces was probably closer to 444,000.
A detailed demographic study calculated 791,000–1,141,000 war-related deaths for all of Vietnam.
Between 200,000 and 300,000 Cambodians died during the war.
About 60,000 Laotians also died, and 58,220 U.S. service members were killed.
Article: Claude Monet
Section: First "Impressionist" exhibition

Question: Who is credited for creating the term "impressionism"?

Monet and Impressionism.
First "Impressionist" exhibition.
From the late 1860s, Monet and other like-minded artists met with rejection from the conservative Académie des Beaux-Arts which held its annual exhibition at the Salon de Paris.
During the latter part of 1873, Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and Alfred Sisley organized the Société anonyme des artistes peintres, sculpteurs et graveurs (Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers) to exhibit their artworks independently.
At their first exhibition, held in April 1874, Monet exhibited the work that was to give the group its lasting name.
"Impression, Sunrise" was painted in 1872, depicting a Le Havre port landscape.
From the painting's title the art critic Louis Leroy, in his review, "L'Exposition des Impressionnistes," which appeared in Le Charivari, coined the term "Impressionism".
It was intended as disparagement but the Impressionists appropriated the term for themselves.
Article: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Section: Builders

Question: Who was in charge of building the Opera di Santa Maria Maggiore?

 One possible builder is Gerardo di Gerardo.
His name appears as a witness to the above legacy of Berta di Bernardo as "Master Gerardo", and as a worker whose name was Gerardo.
 A more probable builder is Diotisalvi, because of the construction period and the structure's affinities with other buildings in Pisa.
But he usually signed his works, and there is no signature by him in the bell tower.
 Giovanni di Simone was heavily involved in the completion of the tower, under the direction of Giovanni Pisano, who at the time was master builder of the Opera di Santa Maria Maggiore.
He could be the same Giovanni Pisano who completed the belfry tower.
Article: We Are Young
Section: Abstract

Question: Which year of the Grammy Awards did the song "We Are Young" win Song of the Year?

"We Are Young" is a song recorded by American band Fun featuring Janelle Monáe, for their second studio album "Some Nights" (2012).
It was released on September 20, 2011 as the lead single from "Some Nights".
Musically, "We Are Young" is an anthem that incorporates the genres of indie pop, alternative rock, and power pop.
The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many noting the song as a breakthrough for the indie genre and praising the song's catchiness.
"We Are Young" has attained commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in several countries.
The track initially only gained attention from online media, although it did receive its first commercial radio airplay on Tampa Bay alternative radio station, 97X, debuting on September 19, 2011.
However, it was soon covered by the television show "Glee".
With the "Glee" version having success on the charts, the song was licensed for use in a Chevrolet Sonic commercial that aired during Super Bowl XLVI.
The single song propelled the band into mainstream success, topping the digital charts in February 2012 and becoming a crossover hit, peaking at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 through airplay on contemporary hit radio stations, topping the chart for six weeks straight.
It is also the first song to log seven weeks of 300,000 or more in digital sales, a record that was previously held by Eminem's "Love the Way You Lie" (2010).
"We Are Young" has been certified five-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and is both Fun and Monáe's first charting single on the Hot 100, as well as their first number-one single.
The song also topped the Hot 100 Airplay chart with 120 million impressions in seven weeks, becoming the first group since Destiny's Child's "Survivor" (2001) to do so.
The song was named 99th on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Songs of All-time.
An accompanying music video was directed by Marc Klasfeld at David Sukonick Concert Hall in Los Angeles.
It features the group performing on a stage at a bar where a riot breaks out.
As part of promotion for the song, it was performed at the 2011 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, the American late night television show "Conan", and was used as the opening song at the 2012 MTV Movie Awards.
The song is featured in the music video game, "Rock Band Blitz".
The song won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 55th Grammy Awards, where it was also a nominee for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.
Article: Napoleonic Wars
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the time period after Britain defeated Napoleon?

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of wars between Napoleon's French Empire and opposing coalitions led by Great Britain.
As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionized European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly owing to the application of modern mass conscription.
French power rose quickly as Napoleon's armies conquered much of Europe but collapsed rapidly after France's disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812.
Napoleon was defeated in 1814; he returned and was finally defeated in 1815 at Waterloo, and all France's gains were taken away by the victors.
Before a final victory against Napoleon, five of seven coalitions saw defeat at the hands of France.
France defeated the first and second coalitions during the French Revolutionary Wars, the third (notably at Austerlitz), the fourth (notably at Jena, Eylau, and Friedland) and the fifth coalition (notably at Wagram) under the leadership of Napoleon.
These great victories gave the French Army a sense of invulnerability, especially when it approached Moscow.
But after the retreat from Russia, in spite of incomplete victories, France was defeated by the sixth coalition at Leipzig, in the Peninsular War at Vitoria and at the hands of the seventh coalition at Waterloo.
The wars resulted in the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and sowed the seeds of nascent nationalism in Germany and Italy that would lead to the two nations' respective consolidations later in the century.
Meanwhile, the global Spanish Empire began to unravel as French occupation of Spain weakened Spain's hold over its colonies, providing an opening for nationalist revolutions in Spanish America.
As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars, the British Empire became the foremost world power for the next century, thus beginning "Pax Britannica".
No consensus exists about when the French Revolutionary Wars ended and the Napoleonic Wars began.
An early candidate is 9 November 1799, the date of Bonaparte's coup seizing power in France.
However, the most common date is 18 May 1803, when renewed war broke out between Britain and France, ending the one-year-old Peace of Amiens, the only period of general peace in Europe between 1792 and 1814.
Most actual fighting ceased following Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo on 18 June 1815, although skirmishing continued as late as 3 July 1815 at the Battle of Issy.
The Second Treaty of Paris officially ended the wars on 20 November 1815.
Article: The Act of Killing
Section: Abstract

Question: What did The Act of Killing win?

The Act of Killing (, meaning "Butcher") is a 2012 documentary film directed by Joshua Oppenheimer, and co-directed by Christine Cynn and an anonymous Indonesian.
It is a Danish-British-Norwegian co-production, presented by Final Cut for Real in Denmark and produced by Signe Byrge Sørensen.
The executive producers were Werner Herzog, Errol Morris, Joram ten Brink, and Andre Singer.
It is a Docwest project of the University of Westminster.
It won the 2013 European Film Award for Best Documentary, the Asia Pacific Screen Award, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 86th Academy Awards.
"The Act of Killing" won best documentary at the 2014 BAFTA awards.
In accepting the award, Oppenheimer asserted that the United States and the United Kingdom have "collective responsibility" for "participating in and ignoring" the crimes, which was omitted from the video BAFTA posted online.
After a screening for US Congress members, Oppenheimer demanded that the US acknowledge its role in the killings.
Article: Lincoln Memorial
Section: Sculptural features

Question: What is one of the legends tied to the sculpture?

The sculpture has been at the center of two urban legends.
Some have claimed that the face of General Robert E. Lee was carved onto the back of Lincoln's head, and looks back across the Potomac toward his former home, Arlington House, now within the bounds of Arlington National Cemetery.
Another popular legend is that Lincoln is shown using sign language to represent his initials, with his left hand shaped to form an "A" and his right hand to form an "L", the president's initials.
The National Park Service denies both legends.
However, historian Gerald Prokopowicz writes that, while it is not clear that sculptor Daniel Chester French intended Lincoln's hands to be formed into sign language versions of his initials, it is possible that French did intend it, because he was familiar with American Sign Language, and he would have had a reason to do so, that is, to pay tribute to Lincoln for having signed the federal legislation giving Gallaudet University, a university for the deaf, the authority to grant college degrees.
The National Geographic Society's publication, "Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D.C." states that Daniel Chester French had a son who was deaf and that the sculptor was familiar with sign language.
Historian James A. Percoco has observed that, although there are no extant documents showing that French had Lincoln's hands carved to represent the letters "A" and "L" in American Sign Language, "I think you can conclude that it's reasonable to have that kind of summation about the hands."
Article: Sweden
Section: Science and technology

Question: What year was Tycho Brache born?

Tycho Brahe, born in 1546 in an area of present-day Sweden which was then Denmark, made the careful astronomic observations upon which Kepler proved and quantified the heliocentric Copernican solar system.
In the 18th century Sweden's scientific revolution took off.
Previously, technical progress had mainly come from mainland Europe.
In 1739, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was founded, with people such as Carolus Linnaeus and Anders Celsius as early members.
Many of the companies founded by early pioneers still remain major international brands.
Gustaf Dalén founded AGA, and received the Nobel Prize for his sun valve.
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite and instituted the Nobel Prizes.
Lars Magnus Ericsson started the company bearing his name, Ericsson, still one of the largest telecom companies in the world.
Jonas Wenström was an early pioneer in alternating current and is along with Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla credited as one of the inventors of the three-phase electrical system.
The traditional engineering industry is still a major source of Swedish inventions, but pharmaceuticals, electronics and other high-tech industries are gaining ground.
Tetra Pak was an invention for storing liquid foods, invented by Erik Wallenberg.
Losec, an ulcer medicine, was the world's best-selling drug in the 1990s and was developed by AstraZeneca.
More recently Håkan Lans invented the Automatic Identification System, a worldwide standard for shipping and civil aviation navigation.
A large portion of the Swedish economy is to this day based on the export of technical inventions, and many large multinational corporations from Sweden have their origins in the ingenuity of Swedish inventors.
Swedish inventors held 41,735 patents in the United States , according to the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
As a nation, only ten other countries hold more patents than Sweden.
Article: Attack on Pearl Harbor
Section: Japanese declaration of war

Question: When was a declaration of war on the United States printed in Japanese newspapers?

The attack took place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but this was not Admiral Yamamoto's intention.
He originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the United States that peace negotiations were at an end.
The Japanese tried to uphold the conventions of war while still achieving surprise, but the attack began before the notice could be delivered.
Tokyo transmitted the 5,000-word notification (commonly called the "14-Part Message") in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington, but transcribing the message took too long for the Japanese ambassador to deliver it in time.
(In fact, U.S. code breakers had already deciphered and translated most of the message hours before he was scheduled to deliver it.)
The final part of the "14 Part Message" is sometimes described as a declaration of war.
While it neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations, it was viewed by a number of senior U.S government and military officials as a very strong indicator that negotiations were likely to be terminated and that war might break out at any moment.
A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8, but not delivered to the U.S. government until the day after the attack.
For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without any official warning of a break in relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document hinting at war to Washington.
In 1999, however, Takeo Iguchi, a professor of law and international relations at International Christian University in Tokyo, discovered documents that pointed to a vigorous debate inside the government over how, and indeed whether, to notify Washington of Japan's intention to break off negotiations and start a war, including a December 7 entry in the war diary saying, "our deceptive diplomacy is steadily proceeding toward success."
Of this, Iguchi said, "The diary shows that the army and navy did not want to give any proper declaration of war, or indeed prior notice even of the termination of negotiations ... and they clearly prevailed."