community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: South Korea
Section: Education

Question: what are school outfits for south koreans

Education in South Korea is regarded as crucial to financial and social success, and competition is consequently fierce, with many participating in intense outside tutoring to supplement classes.
In the 2006 results of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment, South Korea came first in problem solving, third in mathematics and seventh in science.
South Korea's education system is technologically advanced and it is the world's first country to bring high-speed fibre-optic broadband internet access to every primary and secondary school nation-wide.
Using this infrastructure, the country has developed the first Digital Textbooks in the world, which will be distributed for free to every primary and secondary school nation-wide by 2013.
A centralised administration in South Korea oversees the process for the education of children from kindergarten to the third and final year of high school.
South Korea has adopted a new educational program to increase the number of their foreign students through 2010.
According to Ministry of Education, Science and Technology estimate, by that time, the number of scholarships for foreign students in South Korea will be doubled, and the number of foreign students will reach 100,000.
The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which begins in the beginning of March and ends in mid-July, the second of which begins in late August and ends in mid-February.
The schedules are not uniformly standardized and vary from school to school.
Most South Korean middle schools and high schools have school uniforms, modeled on western-style uniforms.
Boys' uniforms usually consists of trousers and white shirts, and girls wear skirts and white shirts (this only applies in middle schools and high schools).
Article: Criminal Minds
Section: Critical reception

Question: How was the premiere reviewed?

Critical reception.
The premiere episode was met with mixed reviews, receiving a score of 42 out of 100 on aggregate review site Metacritic, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.
Dorothy Rabinowitz said, in her review for the "Wall Street Journal", that "From the evidence of the first few episodes, "Criminal Minds" may be a hit, and deservedly" and gave particular praise to both Matthew Gray Gubler and Mandy Patinkin's performance.
"The New York Times" was less than positive, saying "The problem with "Criminal Minds" is its many confusing maladies, applied to too many characters" and felt that "as a result, the cast seems like a spilled trunk of broken toys, with which the audience - and perhaps the creators - may quickly become bored.
""The Chicago Tribune" reviewer, Sid Smith, felt that the show "May well be worth a look" though he too criticized the "confusing plots and characters.
""PopMatters" panned the show, saying the show "confuses critical thinking with supernatural abilities" and criticized the "stereotypical characters".
The "Los Angeles Times" gave a similar review.
However, both reviewers praised Patinkin and Gubler's performances.
Article: Nurse Jackie
Section: Genre

Question: What did Falco say in her acceptance speech?

In her acceptance speech for the Emmy for Best Actress in a Comedy series, Falco exclaimed "I'm not funny!"
Later, while speaking to the press, she expanded upon her statement and said that she too felt her performance was dramatic.
Several articles have since been written addressing this question, with some writers even calling for an overhaul of the Emmy categorization process as well as a "Comedy-drama/Dramedy" category for the awards.
Article: Scuba diving
Section: Scuba diver training and certification

Question: Is clearing water from a mask an example of something you need to know in order to be scuba diving certified?

Recreational scuba diving does not have a centralized certifying or regulatory agency, and is mostly self regulated.
There are, however, several large diving organizations that train and certify divers and dive instructors, and many diving related sales and rental outlets require proof of diver certification from one of these organizations prior to selling or renting certain diving products or services.
Underwater diver training is normally given by a qualified instructor who is a member of one of many diving training agencies or is registered with a government agency.
Basic diver training entails the learning of skills required for the safe conduct of activities in an underwater environment, and includes procedures and skills for the use of diving equipment, safety, emergency self-help and rescue procedures, dive planning, and use of dive tables.
Some of the skills which an entry level diver will normally learn include:
Preparing and dressing in the diving suit
Assembly and pre-dive testing of the scuba set.
Entries and exits
Breathing from the demand valve
Recovering and clearing the demand valve.
Clearing water from the mask.
Buoyancy control using weights and buoyancy compensator
Finning techniques, underwater mobility and maneuvering.
Making safe and controlled descents and ascents.
Equalisation of the ears and other air spaces.
Assisting another diver by providing air from one's own supply, or receiving air supplied by another diver.
How to return to the surface without injury in the event of a breathing supply interruption.
Use of bailout systems (professional divers).
Diving signals used to communicate underwater.
Professional divers will also learn other methods of communication.
Dive management skills such as monitoring depth and time and the breathing gas supply
Buddy diving procedures.
Some knowledge of physiology and the physics of diving is considered necessary by most diver certification agencies, as the diving environment is alien and relatively hostile to humans.
The physics and physiology knowledge required is fairly basic, and helps the diver to understand the effects of the diving environment so that informed acceptance of the associated risks is possible.
The physics mostly relates to gases under pressure, buoyancy, heat loss, and light underwater.
The physiology relates the physics to the effects on the human body, to provide a basic understanding of the causes and risks of barotrauma, decompression sickness, gas toxicity, hypothermia, drowning and sensory variations.
More advanced training often involves first aid and rescue skills, skills related to specialized diving equipment, and underwater work skills.
Article: The Cabin in the Woods
Section: Box office

Question: How much money did The Cabin in the Woods earn worldwide?

Box office.
"The Cabin in the Woods" earned $42,073,277 in North America, along with $23,829,690 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $65,902,967.
It is currently the 90th highest grossing film of 2012 internationally, 79th domestically.
The film opened in North America on April 13, 2012, opening with $5.5 million and went on to gross $14.7 million in its opening weekend in the United States at 2,811 theaters, taking the number three spot.
"The Cabin in the Woods" closed in theaters on July 12, 2012 with $42.0 million.
In total earnings, its highest-grossing countries after North America were the United Kingdom ($8.5 million), France ($2.4 million) and Russia ($2.3 million).
Article: Battle of Moscow
Section: Casualties

Question: How many German casualties were reported by the Great Soviet Encyclopedia?

Both German and Soviet casualties during the battle of Moscow have been a subject of debate, as various sources provide somewhat different estimates.
Not all historians agree on what should be considered the "Battle of Moscow" in the timeline of World War II.
While the start of the battle is usually regarded as the beginning of Operation "Typhoon" on 30 September 1941 (or sometimes on 2 October 1941), there are two different dates for the end of the offensive.
In particular, some sources (such as Erickson and Glantz) exclude the Rzhev offensive from the scope of the battle, considering it as a distinct operation and making the Moscow offensive "stop" on 7 January 1942—thus lowering the number of casualties.
Other historians, who include the Rzhev and Vyazma operations in the scope of the battle (thus making the battle end in May 1942), give higher casualty numbers.
There are also significant differences in figures from various sources.
John Erickson, in his "Barbarossa: The Axis and the Allies", gives a figure of 653,924 Soviet casualties between October 1941 and January 1942.
Glantz, in his book "When Titans Clashed", gives a figure of 658,279 for the defense phase alone, plus 370,955 for the winter counteroffensive until 7 January 1942.
The estimate of 400,000 German casualties by January 1942 reported in the "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", published in 1973–1978, is clearly inflated.
A much more accurate estimate is provided in the "Moscow Encyclopedia", published in 1997; its authors, based on various sources, give a figure of 145,000 German and 900,000 Soviet casualties for the defensive phase, along with 103,000 German and 380,000 Soviet casualties for the counteroffensive until 7 January 1942.
Many of the Soviet casualties, however, consisted of captured men.
On the other hand, Wehrmacht daily casualty reports show 35,757 killed in action, 128,716 wounded, and 9,721 missing in action for the entire Army Group Center between 1 October 1941 and 10 January 1942.
Therefore, total casualties between 30 September 1941, and 7 January 1942, are estimated to be between 174,000 and 248,000 for the "Wehrmacht" (Wehrmacht reports / Moscow encyclopedia estimate) and between 650,000 and 1,280,000 for the Red Army (Erickson / Moscow encyclopedia estimate).
Regardless of these disagreements, the Battle of Moscow is considered among the most lethal battles in world history.
Article: Great Wall of China
Section: Visibility from low Earth orbit

Question: Whose assumption was that you could see the Great Wall from the space shuttle?

A more controversial question is whether the Wall is visible from low Earth orbit (an altitude of as little as ).
NASA claims that it is barely visible, and only under nearly perfect conditions; it is no more conspicuous than many other man-made objects.
Other authors have argued that due to limitations of the optics of the eye and the spacing of photoreceptors on the retina, it is impossible to see the wall with the naked eye, even from low orbit, and would require visual acuity of 20/3 (7.7 times better than normal).
Astronaut William Pogue thought he had seen it from Skylab but discovered he was actually looking at the Grand Canal of China near Beijing.
He spotted the Great Wall with binoculars, but said that "it wasn't visible to the unaided eye."
U.S.
Senator Jake Garn claimed to be able to see the Great Wall with the naked eye from a space shuttle orbit in the early 1980s, but his claim has been disputed by several U.S. astronauts.
Veteran U.S. astronaut Gene Cernan has stated: "At Earth orbit of to high, the Great Wall of China is, indeed, visible to the naked eye."
Ed Lu, Expedition 7 Science Officer aboard the International Space Station, adds that, "it's less visible than a lot of other objects.
And you have to know where to look.
"In 2001, Neil Armstrong stated about the view from Apollo 11: "I do not believe that, at least with my eyes, there would be any man-made object that I could see.
I have not yet found somebody who has told me they've seen the Wall of China from Earth orbit.
...I've asked various people, particularly Shuttle guys, that have been many orbits around China in the daytime, and the ones I've talked to didn't see it.
"In October 2003, Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei stated that he had not been able to see the Great Wall of China.
In response, the European Space Agency (ESA) issued a press release reporting that from an orbit between , the Great Wall is visible to the naked eye.
In an attempt to further clarify things, the ESA published a picture of a part of the “Great Wall” photographed from Space.
However, in a press release a week later (no longer available in the ESA’s website), they acknowledged that the "Great Wall" in the picture was actually a river.
Leroy Chiao, a Chinese-American astronaut, took a photograph from the International Space Station that shows the wall.
It was so indistinct that the photographer was not certain he had actually captured it.
Based on the photograph, the "China Daily" later reported that the Great Wall can be seen from space with the naked eye, under favorable viewing conditions, if one knows exactly where to look.
However, the resolution of a camera can be much higher than the human visual system, and the optics much better, rendering photographic evidence irrelevant to the issue of whether it is visible to the naked eye.
Article: India
Section: Motion pictures

Question: Where is the world's most-watched cinema produced?

The Indian film industry produces the world's most-watched cinema.
Established regional cinematic traditions exist in the Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu languages.
South Indian cinema attracts more than 75% of national film revenue.
Television broadcasting began in India in 1959 as a state-run medium of communication, and had slow expansion for more than two decades.
The state monopoly on television broadcast ended in the 1990s and, since then, satellite channels have increasingly shaped popular culture of Indian society.
Today, television is the most penetrative media in India; industry estimates indicate that as of 2012 there are over 554 million TV consumers, 462 million with satellite and/or cable connections, compared to other forms of mass media such as press (350 million), radio (156 million) or internet (37 million).
Article: Fight Club
Section: Casting

Question: What bodily changes did Brad Pitt undergo for his role in Fight Club?

Producer Ross Bell met with actor Russell Crowe to discuss his candidacy for the role of Tyler Durden.
Producer Art Linson, who joined the project late, met with another candidate, Brad Pitt.
Linson was the senior producer of the two, so the studio sought to cast Pitt instead of Crowe.
Pitt was looking for a new film after the failure of his 1998 film "Meet Joe Black", and the studio believed "Fight Club" would be more commercially successful with a major star.
The studio signed Pitt and offered him a $17.5 million salary.
For the role of the unnamed narrator, the studio desired a "sexier marquee name" like Matt Damon to increase the film's commercial prospects; it also considered Sean Penn.
Fincher instead considered Edward Norton a candidate for the role, based on the actor's performance in the 1996 film "The People vs. Larry Flynt".
Other studios were approaching Norton for leading roles in developing films like "The Talented Mr. Ripley" and "Man on the Moon".
The actor was cast in "Runaway Jury", but the film did not reach production.
20th Century Fox offered Norton a $2.5 million salary to attract him to "Fight Club".
Norton could not accept the offer immediately since he still owed Paramount Pictures a film; he had signed a contractual obligation with Paramount to appear in one of the studio's future films for a smaller salary (Norton later satisfied the obligation with his role in the 2003 film "The Italian Job").
In January 1998, 20th Century Fox announced that Brad Pitt and Edward Norton were cast in the film.
The actors prepared for their roles by taking lessons in boxing, taekwondo, grappling, and soapmaking.
Pitt voluntarily visited a dentist to have pieces of his front teeth chipped off so his character would not have perfect teeth.
The pieces were restored after filming concluded.
Fincher's first choice for the role of Marla Singer was Janeane Garofalo, who objected to the film's sexual content.
The filmmakers considered Courtney Love and Winona Ryder as candidates early on.
The studio wanted to cast Reese Witherspoon, but Fincher objected that she was too young for the role.
He chose to cast Helena Bonham Carter based on her performance in the 1997 film "The Wings of the Dove".
Article: Medicine
Section: Institutions

Question: Where is contemporary medicine in general practiced?

Contemporary medicine is in general conducted within health care systems.
Legal, credentialing and financing frameworks are established by individual governments, augmented on occasion by international organizations, such as churches.
The characteristics of any given health care system have significant impact on the way medical care is provided.
From ancient times, Christian emphasis on practical charity gave rise to the development of systematic nursing and hospitals and the Catholic Church today remains the largest non-government provider of medical services in the world.
Advanced industrial countries (with the exception of the United States) and many developing countries provide medical services through a system of universal health care that aims to guarantee care for all through a single-payer health care system, or compulsory private or co-operative health insurance.
This is intended to ensure that the entire population has access to medical care on the basis of need rather than ability to pay.
Delivery may be via private medical practices or by state-owned hospitals and clinics, or by charities, most commonly by a combination of all three.
Most tribal societies, and the United States, provide no guarantee of healthcare for the population as a whole.
In such societies, healthcare is available to those that can afford to pay for it or have self-insured it (either directly or as part of an employment contract) or who may be covered by care financed by the government or tribe directly.
Transparency of information is another factor defining a delivery system.
Access to information on conditions, treatments, quality, and pricing greatly affects the choice by patients/consumers and, therefore, the incentives of medical professionals.
While the US healthcare system has come under fire for lack of openness, new legislation may encourage greater openness.
There is a perceived tension between the need for transparency on the one hand and such issues as patient confidentiality and the possible exploitation of information for commercial gain on the other.
Article: Leonardo da Vinci
Section: Old age, 1513–19

Question: Have Francis I and Pope Leo X ever been in the same place?

From September 1513 to 1516, under Pope Leo X, Leonardo spent much of his time living in the Belvedere in the Vatican in Rome, where Raphael and Michelangelo were both active at the time.
In October 1515, Francis I of France recaptured Milan.
On December 19, Leonardo was present at the meeting of Francis I and Pope Leo X, which took place in Bologna.
Leonardo was commissioned to make for Francis a mechanical lion which could walk forward, then open its chest to reveal a cluster of lilies.
In 1516, he entered François' service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Lucé near the king's residence at the royal Château d'Amboise.
It was here that he spent the last three years of his life, accompanied by his friend and apprentice, Count Francesco Melzi, and supported by a pension totalling 10,000 scudi.
Leonardo died at Clos Lucé, on May 2, 1519.
Francis I had become a close friend.
Vasari records that the king held Leonardo's head in his arms as he died, although this story, beloved by the French and portrayed in romantic paintings by Ingres, Ménageot and other French artists, as well as by Angelica Kauffman, may be legend rather than fact.
Vasari states that in his last days, Leonardo sent for a priest to make his confession and to receive the Holy Sacrament.
In accordance with his will, sixty beggars followed his casket.
Melzi was the principal heir and executor, receiving as well as money, Leonardo's paintings, tools, library and personal effects.
Leonardo also remembered his other long-time pupil and companion, Salai and his servant Battista di Vilussis, who each received half of Leonardo's vineyards, his brothers who received land, and his serving woman who received a black cloak "of good stuff" with a fur edge.
Leonardo da Vinci was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in Château d'Amboise, in France.
Some 20 years after Leonardo's death, Francis was reported by the goldsmith and sculptor Benevenuto Cellini as saying: "There had never been another man born in the world who knew as much as Leonardo, not so much about painting, sculpture and architecture, as that he was a very great philosopher."
Article: Modern Family
Section: Conception

Question: Modern Family was originally titled what?

As creators Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan retold stories about their families, they realized that the stories could be the basis for a show.
They started working on the idea of a family being observed in a mockumentary-style show.
They later decided that it could be a show about three families and their experiences.
It was originally called "My American Family".
The creators pitched it to the Big Three television networks (they did not pitch it to Fox because of issues Lloyd had with the network over "Back to You").
CBS, which was not ready to use the single-camera style of filming nor ready to make another large commitment, rejected the series.
The network had recently aired "Welcome to The Captain" and "Worst Week", two single-camera sitcoms that lasted only one season (CBS would not attempt another single-camera series until 2013, when it picked up both "We Are Men" and "The Crazy Ones" for its fall lineup; "We Are Men" was cancelled after two episodes).
NBC, already broadcasting "The Office" and "Parks and Recreation", decided against taking on a third mockumentary-style show.
ABC accepted the series and picked it up for a full season.