community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Great Sphinx of Giza
Section: Names of the Sphinx

Question: Where did the word "Sphinx" come from?

It is not known by what name the creators called their statue, as the Great Sphinx does not appear in any known inscription of the Old Kingdom, and there are no inscriptions anywhere describing its construction or its original purpose.
In the New Kingdom, the Sphinx was called "Hor-em-akhet" (; Hellenized: "Harmachis"), and the pharaoh Thutmose IV (1401–1391 or 1397–1388 BC) specifically referred to it as such in his Dream Stele.
The commonly used name "Sphinx" was given to it in classical antiquity, about 2000 years after the accepted date of its construction, by reference to a Greek mythological beast with a lion's body, a woman's head and the wings of an eagle (although, like most Egyptian sphinxes, the Great Sphinx has a man's head and no wings).
The English word "sphinx" comes from the ancient Greek Σφίγξ (transliterated: ), apparently from the verb σφίγγω (transliterated: / ), after the Greek sphinx who strangled anyone who failed to answer her riddle.
The name may alternatively be a corruption of the ancient Egyptian "Ssp-anx" (in MdC), a name given to royal statues of Dynasty IV (2575–2467 BC) and later in the New Kingdom (c. 1570–1070 BC) to the Great Sphinx more specifically, although phonetically the two names are far from identical.
Medieval Arab writers, including al-Maqrīzī, call the Sphinx "balhib" and "bilhaw", which suggest a Coptic influence.
The modern Egyptian Arabic name is أبو الهول (, ).
Article: Bourbon Street
Section: Impact of Hurricane Katrina

Question: How many visitors did the city have the year before Katrina?

Given Bourbon Street's high ground location in the French Quarter, it was mostly intact following 2005's Hurricane Katrina.
A major tourist attraction, Bourbon Street renovation was given high priority after the storm.
Despite these efforts, New Orleans was still experiencing a dearth of visitors.
In 2004, a year before Katrina, the city had 10.1 million visitors.
A year after the storm, that number was 3.7 million.
Attempts to draw tourists back to the city were undertaken by the New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation that featured Louisiana celebrities such as chef Emeril Lagasse and actress Patricia Clarkson with the slogan "Come Fall In Love With Louisiana All Over Again."
Attracting tourists was vital, as one third of the city's operating budget, approximately $6 billion, came from the tourism industry.
Officials saw tourists as vital for economic recovery in the city.
A major impedance for tourists were the mixed messages regarding the city's level of recovery.
Advertising campaigns gave the impression that the city was thriving.
At the same time, New Orleans was asking for increased federal assistance and National Guardsmen to combat crime waves in the city.
The tourism industry received a boom when the 2006 Mardi Gras went off without a hitch.
Popular Bourbon Street restaurants, such as Galatoire's, reopened around this time as well.
Reopening and rebuilding of popular tourist attractions led to a surge in post-Katrina tourists.
By 2009, the city attracted 7.9 million tourists.
Article: Hersheypark
Section: Rhineland

Question: What tower is the Sky Ride near?

Rhineland is named after its Bavarian architecture and is the first park section located within the park’s gates.
Like Tudor Square, Rhineland is not home to any attractions but does include a wide variety of gift shops as well as a Nathan’s, Famous Famiglia Pizzeria, and the Central PA's Kosher Mart.
The Kosher Mart building was, until 1992, the Rhineland entrance of the Sky Ride - a ski lift transport ride which took you to Minetown, near the Kissing Tower and Twin Turnpike (which is now the location of Great Bear).
Article: Wide Awake (Katy Perry song)
Section: Commercial performance

Question: In what country did Perry hold the most number ones?

Upon the release of "Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection", "Wide Awake" made its first appearance on the U.S. "Billboard" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 19 based on digital sales alone.
After Perry's performance on the 2012 Billboard Music Awards, it debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 35 as the second highest debut of the week, behind Philip Philips' "Home".
The same week, the song debuted on multiple "Billboard" component charts - at number 29 on the Pop Songs and 35 on the Adult Pop Songs charts.
For the chart issue dated June 4, 2012, "Wide Awake" debuted at number 50 on the Dance/Club Play Songs chart as well as moving 5 spots on the Pop songs chart to number 20.
The song reached the summit on the week of August 4, 2012.
On June 13, 2012, the single moved ten positions to nine on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and has sold 402,000 downloads.
The following week, the single reached number 4, and on the chart dated August 11, 2012, it peaked at number 2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, making the song Perry's eighth consecutive single to reach the top 3 of the chart since "California Gurls", as well as her first song to peak in the runner-up position.
It was kept off the top spot by Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe".
On the week August 4, 2012, the song topped the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, making her tenth consecutive number-one on the chart since 2009's "Waking Up in Vegas", extending her own record.
On the "Pop Songs" chart, it is her ninth number-one single tied with Rihanna as artists with most number one on chart.
The song has sold over 3,074,841 downloads in the US as of 2013.
In Australia, the song debuted at number 26 on the Australian Singles Chart, and peaked at number 4, position it stayed in for three weeks.
In New Zealand, the song debuted at number 32, and peaked at number 1 on July 1, 2012, making it Perry's seventh single from the album "Teenage Dream" to peak inside the top ten, and her sixth song from the "Teenage Dream" era to take out the number one spot.
The song was then certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ).
The song is the eighth song from "Teenage Dream" to enter the top ten, and the ninth consecutive top ten single since "Waking Up in Vegas" and its eleventh top ten overall.
The song makes Perry the female artist with the most number ones on New Zealand (eight), passing the previous record of Mariah Carey with seven number 1 singles.
In Canada, the song peaked at number 1, becoming her eighth single to do so.
The song became the 21st best selling single in New Zealand of 2012.
In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 69 on the UK Singles Chart, due to strong downloads in April 2012.
The song then re-entered at number 74 in May 2012.
It has currently peaked at number 9, selling 24,545 copies in that country.
In Ireland, the song launched at number 30 and is currently peaking at number 6.
Article: Grand Central Terminal
Section: Layout

Question: What happened before the spies could strike?

The tracks are numbered according to their location in the terminal building.
The upper level tracks are numbered 11 to 42 east to west.
Tracks 22 and 31 were removed in the late 1990s to build concourses for Grand Central North, track 12 was removed to expand the platform between tracks 11 and 13, and track 14 is only used for loading a garbage train.
The lower level has 27 tracks, numbered 100 to 126, east to west, though only tracks 102–112, and 114–116 are currently used for passenger service.
Often, local and off-peak trains depart from the lower level while express, super-express, and peak trains depart from the main concourse.
Odd numbered tracks are usually on the east side (right side facing north) of the platform; even numbered tracks on the west.
The public timetables for April 3, 2011 show 286 weekday departures: 74 Hudson, 101 Harlem and 111 New Haven Line.
Besides platforms, Grand Central has restaurants, such as the Oyster Bar and various fast food outlets surrounding the Dining Concourse on the level below the Main Concourse, as well as delis, bakeries, newsstands, a gourmet and fresh food market, an annex of the New York Transit Museum, and more than forty retail stores.
Grand Central generally contains only private outlets and small franchises.
There are chain outlets in the complex: Starbucks coffee shop, a Rite Aid pharmacy and an Apple Store which opened to the public on December 9, 2011.
Other chain stores anticipated to open in the future include a Shake Shack.
A "secret" sub-basement known as M42 lies under the Terminal, containing the AC to DC converters used to supply DC traction current to the Terminal.
The exact location of M42 is a closely guarded secret and does not appear on maps, though it has been shown on television, most notably, the History Channel program "Cities of the Underworld" and also a National Geographic special.
The original rotary converters were not removed in the late 20th century when solid-state ones took over their job, and they remain as a historical record.
During World War II, this facility was closely guarded because its sabotage would have greatly impaired troop movement on the Eastern Seaboard.
However, Abwehr (a German espionage service) was aware of it and sent two spies to sabotage it.
The spies were arrested by the FBI before they could strike.
It is said that any unauthorized person entering the facility during the war risked being shot on sight: the rotary converters used at the time could have easily been crippled by a bucket of sand.
From 1924 through 1944, the attic of the east wing contained a art school and gallery space called the Grand Central School of Art.
Article: India
Section: Culture

Question: What is India most notable for?

Indian cultural history spans more than 4,500 years.
During the Vedic period (c. 1700 – 500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, and literature were laid, and many beliefs and practices which still exist today, such as "dhárma", "kárma", "yóga", and "mokṣa", were established.
India is notable for its religious diversity, with Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, and Jainism among the nation's major religions.
The predominant religion, Hinduism, has been shaped by various historical schools of thought, including those of the "Upanishads", the "Yoga Sutras", the "Bhakti" movement, and by Buddhist philosophy.
Article: Ketchup
Section: Malay theory

Question: What is the original English word for ketchup?

Ketchup may have entered the English language from the Malay word "kicap" (pron.
"kichap", also spelled "kecap", "ketjap"), originally meaning "fish sauce", which itself may be a loan from Chinese terms above.
In Indonesian cuisine, which is similar to Malay, the term "kecap" or "ketjap" refers to fermented savory sauces.
Two main types are well known in their cuisine: "kecap asin" which translates to 'salty kecap' in Indonesian (a salty soy sauce) and "kecap manis" or literally 'sweet kecap' in Indonesian.
Kecap manis is a sweet soy sauce that is a mixture of soy sauce with brown sugar, molasses, garlic, ginger, anise, coriander and a bay leaf reduced over medium heat until rather syrupy.
A third type, "kecap ikan", meaning "fish kecap" is fish sauce similar to the Thai "Nam Pla" or the Philippine "Patis."
It is not, however, soy-based.
Article: Climate change
Section: Sea level change

Question: How does the the sea levels in the early Pliocene compare to today?

Global sea level change for much of the last century has generally been estimated using tide gauge measurements collated over long periods of time to give a long-term average.
More recently, altimeter measurements — in combination with accurately determined satellite orbits — have provided an improved measurement of global sea level change.
To measure sea levels prior to instrumental measurements, scientists have dated coral reefs that grow near the surface of the ocean, coastal sediments, marine terraces, ooids in limestones, and nearshore archaeological remains.
The predominant dating methods used are uranium series and radiocarbon, with cosmogenic radionuclides being sometimes used to date terraces that have experienced relative sea level fall.
In the early Pliocene, global temperatures were 1–2˚C warmer than the present temperature, yet sea level was 15–25 meters higher than today.
Article: Six Flags
Section: Beginnings

Question: What are the different areas called in Six Flags?

The name refers to the flags of the six different nations that have governed Texas: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United States of America, and the Confederate States of America.
The original park was (and still is) split into separate regions, such as the "Spain and Mexico" section which featured Spanish-themed rides, attractions, and buildings.
The Six Flags chain originated in 1959 with the creation of "The Great Southwest Corporation" by Angus G. Wynne and other investors.
Construction of "Six Flags Over Texas" started in 1960, and the park was opened the next year for a short (45-day) season.
The first park initially featured a Native American village, a gondola ride, a railroad, some Wild West shows, a stagecoach ride, and "Skull Island", a pirate-themed adventure attraction.
There was also an excursion, inspired by the historical La Salle Expeditions in the late 1600s, called "LaSalle's River Adventure", aboard French riverboats through a wilderness full of animated puppets.
Over time, all of those attractions, except for the railroad, would be replaced by others, such as roller coasters, swing rides, log flumes, and shoot-the-chute rides, as well as an observation tower.
Article: The Christmas Song
Section: Abstract

Question: Which year was "Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire" written?

"The Christmas Song" (commonly subtitled "Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire" or, as it was originally subtitled, "Merry Christmas to You") is a classic Christmas song written in 1944 by Bob Wells and Mel Tormé.
According to Tormé, the song was written during a blistering hot summer.
In an effort to "stay cool by thinking cool", the most-performed (according to BMI) Christmas song was born.
"I saw a spiral pad on his (Wells') piano with four lines written in pencil", Tormé recalled.
"They started, 'Chestnuts roasting..., Jack Frost nipping..., Yuletide carols..., Folks dressed up like Eskimos.'
Bob didn't think he was writing a song lyric.
He said he thought if he could immerse himself in winter he could cool off.
Forty minutes later that song was written.
"I wrote all the music and some of the lyrics.
"The Nat King Cole Trio first recorded the song early in 1946.
At Cole's behestand over the objections of his label, Capitol Recordsa second recording was made the same year utilizing a small string section, this version becoming a massive hit on both the pop and R&B charts.
Cole again recorded the song in 1953, using the same arrangement with a full orchestra arranged and conducted by Nelson Riddle, and once more in 1961, in a stereophonic version with orchestra conducted by Ralph Carmichael.
Nat King Cole's 1961 version is generally regarded as definitive, and in 2004 was the most loved seasonal song with women aged 30–49, while Cole's original 1946 recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1974.
Article: Gilmore Girls
Section: Rory's friends

Question: who does Lane on Gilmore Girls marry?

Rory's friendships with long-time best friend Lane Kim (Keiko Agena), a second-generation Korean American from a strict Christian home, and Paris Geller (Liza Weil), a friend/rival at both Chilton and Yale, play strongly in the show.
Although she shares a close bond with the two, they do not appear to get along with one another.
At the end of the Season 6, Lane marries Hep Alien band-mate Zach van Gerbig (Todd Lowe), a sweet, slightly clumsy rocker.
At the beginning of the Season 7, Lane discovers that she is unexpectedly pregnant and gives birth to twins (Kwan and Steve) later in the season.
Also in Season 7, Paris is accepted to Harvard Medical School (Harvard is the school she has wanted to go to for years, as her family are all alumni, but was rejected for undergraduate studies in Season 3).
In Season 4, Doyle McMaster (Danny Strong) storms onto the show as the "Yale Daily News" editor.
He and Paris start dating in Season 5, after Paris's relationship with a much older Professor Asher Fleming (Michael York) ends with Fleming's sudden death.
Article: Turkey
Section: Religion

Question: In Turkey how many members are there of different denominations of Christianity?

Turkey is a secular state with no official state religion; the Turkish Constitution provides for freedom of religion and conscience.
The role of religion has been a controversial debate over the years since the formation of Islamist parties.
For many decades, the wearing of the hijab was banned in schools and government buildings, because it was viewed as a symbol of political Islam.
However, the ban was lifted for the universities in 2011 and for the government buildings in 2013.
Islam is the dominant religion of Turkey; it exceeds 99% if secular people of Muslim background are included, with the most popular sect being the Hanafite school of Sunni Islam.
The highest Islamic religious authority is the Presidency of Religious Affairs (), it interprets the Hanafi school of law, and is responsible for regulating the operation of the country's 80,000 registered mosques and employing local and provincial imams.
Academics suggest the Alevi population may be from 15 to 20 million.
According to Aksiyon magazine, the number of Shiite Twelvers (excluding Alevis) is 3 million (4.2%).
There are also some Sufi practitioners.
Roughly 2% are non-denominational Muslims.
The percentage of non-Muslims in Turkey had fallen from 19.1% in 1914 to 2.5% in 1927.
Currently, there are about 120,000 people of different Christian denominations, representing less than 0.2% of Turkey's population, including an estimated 80,000 Oriental Orthodox, 35,000 Roman Catholics, 5,000 Greek Orthodox and smaller numbers of Protestants.
Today there are 236 churches open for worship in Turkey.
The Eastern Orthodox Church has been headquartered in Istanbul since the 4th century.
There are about 26,000 people who are Jewish, the vast majority of whom are Sephardi.
The Bahá'í Faith in Turkey has roots in Bahá'u'lláh's, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, being exiled to Constantinople, current-day Istanbul, by the Ottoman authorities.
Bahá'ís cannot register with the government officially, but there are probably 10 to 20 thousand Bahá'ís, and around a hundred Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assemblies in Turkey.
Article: Wrestling
Section: Lucha libre

Question: What is the Mexican name for professional wrestling?

Mexican professional wrestling, also known as "Lucha libre" is a style of wrestling that combines mixed-martial arts and the wrestling of North America.
In Lucha libre the wrestler or "luchador" uses a mask to cover his face.
Traditionally the match is for the best of three rounds without a time limit.
The "Luchador" or "wrestler" athlete uses their own wrestling style or "estilo de lucha" consisting of aerial attack wrestling moves, strikes and complex submission moves.
The most popular "luchadores" are Santo, Blue Demon, Rey Mysterio, Eddie Guerrero, La Parka, Dos Caras Jr./Alberto Del Rio and Mistico.
Article: Subatomic particle
Section: Abstract

Question: What's the definition of a subatomic particle?

In the physical sciences, subatomic particles are particles smaller than atoms.
(although some subatomic particles have mass greater than some atoms).
There are two types of subatomic particles: elementary particles, which according to current theories are not made of other particles; and "composite" particles.
Particle physics and nuclear physics study these particles and how they interact.
In particle physics, the concept of a particle is one of several concepts inherited from classical physics.
But it also reflects the modern understanding that at the quantum scale matter and energy behave very differently from what much of everyday experience would lead us to expect.
The idea of a particle underwent serious rethinking in light of experiments that showed that light could behave like a stream of particles (called photons) as well as exhibit wave-like properties.
This led to the new concept of wave–particle duality to reflect that quantum-scale "particles" behave like both particles and waves.
Another new concept, the uncertainty principle, states that such their properties as position and momentum cannot be measured exactly.
In more recent times, wave–particle duality has been shown to apply not only to photons but to increasingly massive particles.
Interactions of particles in the framework of quantum field theory are understood as creation and annihilation of "quanta" of corresponding fundamental interactions.
This blends particle physics with field theory.
Article: Terminator Salvation
Section: Box office

Question: What was the worldwide gross for "Terminator Salvation"?

The film's first nationwide U.S. screenings were at 12 A.M. on Thursday, May 21, 2009, making $3 million from midnight screenings and earning $13.3 million in its first day and grossed an additional $42,558,390 on its 4-day Memorial Day opening weekend from 3,530 theaters.
It debuted at #2 behind "", giving it a lower first weekend take than its predecessor, becoming the first film in the series not to open at #1 and failing to meet Boxoffice Magazine predictions by 50%.
"Terminator Salvation" was more successful in its international release, opening at #1 in 66 of 70 territories through the first week of June, and continuing to be the highest-grossing film in the following week.
The film's total domestic gross was $125,322,469, along with $246,030,532 from overseas territories, for a worldwide gross of $371,353,001.
As of December 2009, the film ranks 14th for the year internationally and 23rd domestically (U.S. and Canada), which ranks it last in the series and puts it below initial expectations in terms of domestic gross and first weekend, as well as overall global take.
Article: Tug of war
Section: Risk of Injury

Question: How many severely injured students from Budapest were injured on Sept. 17th, 2013?

In addition to injuries from falling and back strains, (some of which may be serious), catastrophic injuries may result in the form of finger, hand or even arm amputations.
Amputations or avulsions may result from two causes: looping or wrapping the rope around a hand or wrist, and from the elastic recoil of the broken rope if the rope breaks.
Amateur organizers of tugs of war may underestimate the forces generated, or overestimate the breaking strength of common ropes, and may thus be unaware of the possible consequences if a rope parts in peoples' hands under tons of tension.
The broken ends of an elastic polymer such as common nylon reach high speeds and can easily sever fingers.
For this reason, specially engineered tug of war ropes exist that can withstand the forces generated.
Some notable tug of war accidents include:
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, June 13, 1978, rope parted, five teenagers lost fingers or fingertips, 200 other injuries.
Chattanooga, Tennessee, June 9, 1995, a man had his hand torn off (avulsion) by sudden pull (his hand was in a loop).
Taipei, Taiwan, October 25, 1997, rope parted, two men suffered arm amputations (details below).
Australia, September, 2002, 11-year-old boy had several fingers cut to the bone and nearly severed.
Denver, Colorado, October 12, 2007, two teenage boys, rope looped around hands, suffered hand amputations.
Digby, Nova Scotia, October 25, 2010, rope looped around hand, man lost four fingers.
El Monte, California, February 4, 2013, rope parted, teenage boy and girl each suffered multi-finger amputations.
Budapest, Hungary, September 17, 2013, rope parted, seven student injured, three of them severely.