community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Central Park
Section: 1900–1960

Question: How did moses secure funds?

Following completion, the park quickly slipped into decline.
One of the main reasons for this was the lack of interest of the Tammany Hall political machine, which was the largest political force in New York at the time.
Around the turn of the 20th century, the park faced several new challenges.
Cars were becoming commonplace, bringing with them their burden of pollution, and people's attitudes were beginning to change.
No longer were parks to be used only for walks and picnics in an idyllic environment, but now also for sports, and similar recreation.
Following the dissolution of the Central Park Commission in 1870 and Andrew Green's departure from the project, and the death of Vaux in 1895, the maintenance effort gradually declined, and there were few, if any, attempts to replace dead trees, bushes and plants, or worn-out lawn.
For several decades, authorities did little or nothing to prevent vandalism and the littering of the park.
All of this changed in 1934, when Republican Fiorello La Guardia was elected mayor of New York City and unified the five park-related departments then in existence.
Robert Moses was given the task of cleaning up the park.
Moses, about to become one of the mightiest men in New York City, took over what was essentially a relic, a leftover from a bygone era.
According to historian Robert Caro in his 1974 book "The Power Broker":
"Lawns, unseeded, were expanses of bare earth, decorated with scraggly patches of grass and weeds, that became dust holes in dry weather and mud holes in wet….
The once beautiful Mall looked like a scene of a wild party the morning after.
Benches lay on their backs, their legs jabbing at the sky..."
In a single year, Moses managed to clean up Central Park and other parks in New York City.
Lawns and flowers were replanted, dead trees and bushes were replaced, walls were sandblasted, and bridges repaired.
Another dramatic change was Moses's removal of the "Hoover Valley" shantytown, whose site was transformed into the Great Lawn.
Major redesigning and construction also was carried out: for instance, the Croton Lower Reservoir was filled in so the Great Lawn could be created.
The Greensward Plan's purpose of creating an idyllic landscape was combined with Moses' vision of a park to be used for recreational purposes—19 playgrounds, 12 ball fields, and handball courts were constructed.
Moses also managed to secure funds from the New Deal program, as well as donations from the public.
Article: Cold War
Section: Chinese Civil War and SEATO

Question: Did the war against Japan hurt the Republicans?

In 1949, Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army defeated Chiang Kai-shek's United States-backed Kuomintang (KMT) Nationalist Government in China, and the Soviet Union promptly created an alliance with the newly formed People's Republic of China.
According to Norwegian historian Odd Arne Westad, the Communists won the Civil War because they made fewer military mistakes than Chiang Kai-Shek, and because in his search for a powerful centralized government, Chiang antagonized too many interest groups in China.
Moreover, his party was weakened in the war against Japanese.
Meanwhile the Communists told different groups, such as peasants, exactly what they wanted to hear, and cloaked themselves in the cover of Chinese nationalism.
Chiang and his KMT government retreated to the island of Taiwan.
Confronted with the communist revolution in China and the end of the American atomic monopoly in 1949, the Truman administration quickly moved to escalate and expand the containment policy.
In NSC-68, a secret 1950 document, the National Security Council proposed to reinforce pro-Western alliance systems and quadruple spending on defense.
United States officials moved thereafter to expand containment into Asia, Africa, and Latin America, in order to counter revolutionary nationalist movements, often led by communist parties financed by the USSR, fighting against the restoration of Europe's colonial empires in South-East Asia and elsewhere.
In the early 1950s (a period sometimes known as the "Pactomania"), the US formalized a series of alliances with Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and the Philippines (notably ANZUS in 1951 and SEATO in 1954), thereby guaranteeing the United States a number of long-term military bases.
Article: RNA
Section: Regulatory RNAs

Question: What kind of RNA is found in animals?

Several types of RNA can downregulate gene expression by being complementary to a part of an mRNA or a gene's DNA.
MicroRNAs (miRNA; 21-22 nt) are found in eukaryotes and act through RNA interference (RNAi), where an effector complex of miRNA and enzymes can cleave complementary mRNA, block the mRNA from being translated, or accelerate its degradation.
While small interfering RNAs (siRNA; 20-25 nt) are often produced by breakdown of viral RNA, there are also endogenous sources of siRNAs.
siRNAs act through RNA interference in a fashion similar to miRNAs.
Some miRNAs and siRNAs can cause genes they target to be methylated, thereby decreasing or increasing transcription of those genes.
Animals have Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA; 29-30 nt) that are active in germline cells and are thought to be a defense against transposons and play a role in gametogenesis.
Many prokaryotes have CRISPR RNAs, a regulatory system similar to RNA interference.
Antisense RNAs are widespread; most downregulate a gene, but a few are activators of transcription.
One way antisense RNA can act is by binding to an mRNA, forming double-stranded RNA that is enzymatically degraded.
There are many long noncoding RNAs that regulate genes in eukaryotes, one such RNA is Xist, which coats one X chromosome in female mammals and inactivates it.
An mRNA may contain regulatory elements itself, such as riboswitches, in the 5' untranslated region or 3' untranslated region; these cis-regulatory elements regulate the activity of that mRNA.
The untranslated regions can also contain elements that regulate other genes.
Article: Disney's Animal Kingdom
Section: Restaurants and shops

Question: What restaurant can I meet the characters in The Animal Kingdom?

The park contains three table service restaurants:
Rainforest Cafe, a themed restaurant chain operated by Landry's, located just outside the main entrance (also accessible from inside the park);
Yak & Yeti, an Asian-themed restaurant located in the park's Asia section (operated by Landry's Restaurants) that opened on November 14, 2007; and
Tusker House, located in Africa and one of the park's original quick-service restaurants, was converted into a buffet restaurant and re-opened on November 17, 2007.
Tusker House hosts "Donald's Safari Breakfast" and "Donald's Dining Safari Lunch," a character-dining event where guests enjoy a buffet while meeting Donald Duck and other Disney characters.
There are five quick-service restaurants located throughout the park:
Flame Tree Barbecue, on Discovery Island near DinoLand USA;
Pizzafari, also on Discovery Island, near Camp Minnie-Mickey;
Restaurantosaurus, in DinoLand USA;
Tamu Tamu Refreshments, in Africa; and,
Yak & Yeti Local Foods Café, located next to the larger Yak & Yeti table-service facility.
As with other Walt Disney World theme parks, Disney's Animal Kingdom has other locations and carts that offer snacks and beverages.
Article: Michelangelo
Section: Florence, 1499-1505

Question: During which year doed Michelangelo return to Florence?

Michelangelo returned to Florence in 1499.
The republic was changing after the fall of anti-Renaissance Priest and leader of Florence, Girolamo Savonarola, (executed in 1498) and the rise of the "gonfaloniere" Piero Soderini.
He was asked by the consuls of the Guild of Wool to complete an unfinished project begun 40 years earlier by Agostino di Duccio: a colossal statue of Carrara marble portraying David as a symbol of Florentine freedom, to be placed on the gable of Florence Cathedral.
Michelangelo responded by completing his most famous work, the Statue of David, in 1504.
The masterwork definitively established his prominence as a sculptor of extraordinary technical skill and strength of symbolic imagination.
A team of consultants, including Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci, was called together to decide upon its placement, ultimately the Piazza della Signoria, in front of the Palazzo Vecchio.
It now stands in the Academia while a replica occupies its place in the square.
With the completion of the David came another commission.
In early 1504 Leonardo da Vinci had been commissioned in the council chamber of the Palazzo Vecchio depicting the "Battle of Angiari" between the forces of Florence and Milan in 1434.
Michelangelo was then commissioned to paint the "Battle of Cascina".
The two paintings are very different, Leonardo's depicting soldiers fighting on horseback, and Michelangelo's showing soldiers being ambushed as they bathe in the river.
Neither work was completed and both were lost when the chamber was refurbished.
Both works were much admired and copies remain of them, Leonardo's work having been copied by Rubens and Michelangelo's by Bastiano da Sangallo.
Also during this period, Michelangelo was commissioned by Angelo Doni to paint a "Holy Family" as a present for his wife, Maddalena Strozzi.
It is known as the "Doni Tondo" and hangs in the Uffizi Gallery in its original magnificent frame which Michelangelo may have designed.
He also may have painted the Madonna and Child with John the Baptist, known as the "Manchester Madonna" and now in the National Gallery, London, United Kingdom.
Article: How to Save a Life
Section: Track listing

Question: What song is 3 minuts and 5 seconds long on the album "How to Save a Life"?

In later editions, an extra track was added:
<li value=13>"Unsaid" – 3:05
Bonus CD:
<li value=14>"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Live at the Gothic (05.20.2005))
"How to Save a Life" (Live for MTV.com & VH1.com (07.14.2005))
"Look After You" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))
"Heaven Forbid" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))
Bonus DVD:
How to Save a Life (The Story)
On The Road 2006 (Documentary)
"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Music Video)
"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Making the video)
Article: Universal Studios Florida
Section: New York

Question: The indoor roller coaster at Univeral Studios Florida was opened when?

This section of the park is aptly named.
Within its boundaries can be found architectural styles and sets that resemble the New York from the past and present.
New York's flagship attraction is Revenge of the Mummy: The Ride.
Opening in May 2004, this indoor roller coaster was inspired by "The Mummy film franchise".
Outside the ride guests can purchase merchandise items from "Sahara Traders".
Twister... Ride it Out is a live-action attraction that uses special effects to simulate a tornado.
It was inspired by the 1996 film "Twister".
The attraction opened in 1998 and features a merchandise shop entitled "Aftermath" nearby.
A walkthrough attraction named Delancey Street Preview Center allows visitors to preview upcoming films or television shows created by Universal Studios.
This allows the company to receive feedback from a wide range of sources.
The Preview Center opened in 2006.
In the streets of New York, The Blues Brothers perform a variety of classic rock and soul songs multiple times per day in The Blues Brothers Live.
New York features several dining outlets: "Finnegan's Bar and Grill" and "Louie's Italian Restaurant" which were designed for the park as well as "Starbucks Coffee" and "Ben & Jerry's" which are commercial franchises.
Within New York exist three merchandise shops: "Sahara Traders", "Aftermath" and "Rosie's Irish Shop".
The first two feature merchandise related to attractions within this area.
As Nickelodeon was headquartered in the park at the time, the opening credits for "Roundhouse" and "All That" (two of its shows) were filmed around this area of the park.
Article: Mongolia
Section: Transportation

Question: How developed is the road based transportation system in Mongolia?

The Trans-Mongolian Railway is the main rail link between Mongolia and its neighbors.
It begins at the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia at the town of Ulan-Ude, crosses into Mongolia, runs through Ulaanbaatar, then passes into China at Erenhot where it joins the Chinese railway system.
A separate railroad link connects the eastern city of Choibalsan with the Trans-Siberian Railway.
However, that link is closed to passengers after the Mongolian town of Chuluunkhoroot.
Mongolia has a number of domestic airports with some of them having international status.
However, the main international airport is Chinggis Khaan International Airport, located approximately from downtown Ulaanbaatar.
Direct flight connections exist between Mongolia and South Korea, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Russia, Germany, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey.
MIAT Mongolian Airlines is Mongolia's national air carrier operating international flights, while other domestic air carriers such as Eznis Airways, AeroMongolia and Hunnu Airlines are serving both domestic and regional routes.
Many overland roads in Mongolia are only gravel roads or simple cross-country tracks.
There are paved roads from Ulaanbaatar to the Russian and Chinese border, from Ulaanbaatar east- and westward (the so-called Millenium Road), and from Darkhan to Bulgan.
A number of road construction projects are currently underway.
Mongolia has 4,800 km of paved roads, with 1,800 km of that total completed in 2013 alone.
Article: Water polo
Section: Water polo equipment

Question: Are mouthguards required in water polo?

 equipment.
Little player equipment is needed to play water polo.
Items required in water polo include:
Ball: A water polo ball is constructed of waterproof material to allow it to float on the water.
The cover is textured to give players additional grip.
The size of the ball is different for men's, women's and junior games.
Caps: A water polo cap is used to protect the players' heads and ears, and to make them identifiable from afar.
Home team field players wear numbered white caps; Visiting team field players wear numbered dark-colored or black caps.
Both starting goalkeepers wear red caps (sometimes quartered), numbered "1" (substitute goalies' caps are numbered either "13" for FINA international play or "15" for NCAA play) Caps are fitted with ear protectors.
Goals: Two goals are needed in order to play water polo.
These can either be put on the side of the pool, or in the pool using floaters.
Mouthguard: A mouthguard is not mandatory in most tournaments, but is recommended.
Swimwear: Male water polo players wear either swim briefs or jammers (thigh-length trunks).
Female players must wear a one-piece swimsuit.
Suit-grabbing fouls are common, so players often wear tight-fitting suits, and may layer on several suits at a time for additional security.
Many swimwear labels also sell specialized water polo suits that feature reinforced stitching and tougher fabric.
Female water polo suits are generally one-piece outfits which do not have open backs, but zip securely up the back so as to not have straps that can be easily grabbed.
Article: American Gothic
Section: Abstract

Question: In American Gothic painting who where the people modeled after?

American Gothic is a painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Wood's inspiration came from what is now known as the American Gothic House, and his decision to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house."
The painting shows a farmer standing beside his spinster daughter.
The figures were modeled by the artist's sister and their dentist.
The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the couple are in the traditional roles of men and women, the man's pitchfork symbolizing hard labor, and the flowers over the woman's right shoulder suggesting domesticity.
It is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art, and has been widely parodied in American popular culture.
Article: Man at the Crossroads
Section: Destruction

Question: Who painted the "Man at the Crossroads" mural?

On 24 April 1933 the "New York World-Telegram" newspaper published an article attacking the mural as anti-capitalist propaganda.
A few days later Rivera added the portrait of Lenin to the work.
This precipitated a major controversy by May.
The bad publicity greatly upset Rockefeller.
Rivera was asked to remove the picture of Lenin, but refused, instead offering to add Abraham Lincoln to the work as way of a compromise.
Rockefeller then left the decision about the future of the mural to Todd-Robertson-Todd.
Rivera was fully paid the promised amount for his work, but the mural was covered in drapery and left incomplete.
Despite protests from art lovers and attempts to get it to moved to the Museum of Modern Art, it remained covered until the early weeks of 1934, when it was destroyed by workmen.
The destruction caused widespread controversy.
Ralph Stackpole and Bernard Zakheim (who headed a group of artists commissioned by the WPA to paint murals at the Coit Tower in San Francisco) protested, and also included references to the incident in the form of headlines in newspapers held by figures in their paintings.
The Rockefeller Center commissioned a mural by Jose Maria Sert entitled "American Progress" to replace Rivera's work.
It used Abraham Lincoln as its focal point.
Article: Biomolecule
Section: Nucleosides and nucleotides

Question: What do DNA and RNA have in common?

Nucleosides are molecules formed by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose or deoxyribose ring.
Examples of these include cytidine (C), uridine (U), adenosine (A), guanosine (G), thymidine (T) and inosine (I).
Nucleosides can be phosphorylated by specific kinases in the cell, producing nucleotides.
Both DNA and RNA are polymers, consisting of long, linear molecules assembled by polymerase enzymes from repeating structural units, or monomers, of mononucleotides.
DNA uses the deoxynucleotides C, G, A, and T, while RNA uses the ribomucleotides (which have an extra hydroxyl(OH) group on the pentose ring) C, G, A, and U.
Modified bases are fairly common (such as with methyl groups on the base ring), as found in ribosomal RNA or transfer RNAs or for discriminating the new from old strands of DNA after replication.
Each nucleotide is made of an acyclic nitrogenous base, a pentose and one to three phosphate groups.
They contain carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and phosphorus.
They serve as sources of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate), participate in cellular signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions (coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).
Article: Spain
Section: Property boom and bust

Question: What was Spain's unemployment rate in May of 2009?

The adoption of the Euro saw a marked reduction in interest rates to historic lows.
The growth in the Spanish property market, which had begun in 1997, accelerated and within a few years had developed into a property bubble, financed largely by the cajas (regional savings banks under the oversight of the regional governments) and fed by the historically low interest rates and a massive growth of immigration.
The Spanish economy was credited for having avoided the virtual zero growth rate of some of its largest partners in the EU.
The country's economy created more than half of all the new jobs in the European Union over the five years ending 2005.
The bubble imploded in 2008, causing the collapse of Spain's large property related and construction sectors, causing mass layoffs, and a collapsing domestic demand for goods and services.
By the end of May 2009, unemployment reached 18.7% (37% for youths).
At first, Spain's banks and financial services avoided the early crisis of their counterparts in the US and UK.
This was particularly the case with Spain's international banks, Banco Santander and BBVA, that had diversified, international portfolios and had actively limited their exposure to housing mortgage risk.
Banco Santander was able to profit from the global financial crisis by taking over distressed British banking firms.
However, as the recession deepened and property prices slid, the growing bad debts of the smaller regional savings banks, the cajas, forced the intervention of Spain's central bank and government through a stabilisation and consolidation program, taking over or consolidating regional cajas and finally receiving a bank bailout from the European Central Bank in 2012.
Article: Wright Brothers flights of 1909
Section: The flights

Question: What year did Wilbur die in?

Another acclaimed aviator, Glenn Curtiss, had agreed to participate.
Curtiss had recently set the world flight speed record in France, and the Wrights had just filed suit against him for patent infringement of their control systems.
The public's anticipation was fueled by news of the patent disputes.
These flights would be a showdown between the two fliers.
They were both scheduled to make a series of flights from Governors Island in New York harbor.
On September 29, Wilbur took off at 9:15 AM in windy conditions.
Curtiss felt his airplane could not handle the winds and he declined to fly.
When Curtiss admitted defeat to the wind, Wilbur is supposed to have said to him, 'It looks pretty good.
I think I will take a little spin in a few minutes.'
He flew for about two miles, which took a little longer than seven minutes.
Later that day Wilbur took off again, at 10:18 AM.
He flew over the ocean-liner RMS Lusitania and a flotilla of other watercraft on hand for the Hudson-Fulton celebration, many blowing their horns and tooting their whistles when the Flyer appeared overhead.
As Wilbur flew toward the Statue of Liberty, many onlookers feared he would crash into it, but he skillfully circled the statue as planned.
This flight caused a sensation in the press and became an iconic event, despite lasting less than five minutes.
Still unable to fly in the gusty weather, Curtiss had to depart for St. Louis due to a prior agreement.
He was supposed to have flown up the Hudson River for several miles and returned to Governors Island.
On Monday, October 4, Wilbur took off at 9:53 AM.
He flew north over the Hudson along the west shore of Manhattan, passing Grant's Tomb, then returned by the same route, finishing the 21 mile, 33-minute flight with a safe landing on Governor's Island.
As many as a million people witnessed the flight.
This was the exact flight that Curtiss had been unable to make.
Before the flight, Wilbur attached a red canoe to the bottom of the airplane as a safety precaution in case of an emergency landing in the water.
He reasoned that he could use the canoe to float himself to safety.
A blown engine cylinder that afternoon prevented any more flights.
This series of flights marked Wilbur's last flying before a public audience.
After Wilbur's death in 1912, Orville put the canoe in Hawthorn Hill, his estate in Oakwood, Ohio, as a memento.
This first airborne canoe was later moved to Carillon Historical Park in Ohio and exhibited in a room adjacent to the Wright Flyer III in Wright Hall.
The flight around the Statue of Liberty was duplicated on May 26, 2003 by the Dayton 'Wright B Flyer, Inc.' group, with a replica of the Wright airplane as a part of the celebrations of the anniversary of the Wright brothers' first flight.