community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Egypt
Section: Dance in Egypt

Question: Where is the home of the belly dance?

Today, Egypt is often considered the home of belly dance.
Egyptian belly dance has two main styles - raqs baladi and raqs sharqi.
There are also numerous folkloric and character dances that may be part of an Egyptian-style belly dancer's repertoire, as well as the modern shaabi street dance which shares some elements with raqs baladi.
Samia Gamal was the most famous dancer in Egypt.
Article: International Space Station
Section: Mission controls

Question: What facility in Toulouse, France is involved in monitoring the International Space Station?

The components of the ISS are operated and monitored by their respective space agencies at mission control centres across the globe, including:
 Roskosmos's Mission Control Center at Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, controls the Russian Orbital Segment which handles Guidance, Navigation & Control for the entire Station., in addition to individual Soyuz and Progress missions.
 ESA's ATV Control Centre, at the Toulouse Space Centre (CST) in Toulouse, France, controls flights of the unmanned European Automated Transfer Vehicle.
 JAXA's JEM Control Centre and HTV Control Centre at Tsukuba Space Centre (TKSC) in Tsukuba, Japan, are responsible for operating the Japanese Experiment Module complex and all flights of the 'White Stork' HTV Cargo spacecraft, respectively.
 NASA's Mission Control Center at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, USA, serves as the primary control facility for the United States segment of the ISS and also controlled the Space Shuttle missions that visited the station.
 NASA's Payload Operations and Integration Center at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, coordinates payload operations in the USOS.
 ESA's Columbus Control Centre at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, manages the European "Columbus" research laboratory.
 CSA's MSS Control at Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada, controls and monitors the Mobile Servicing System, or Canadarm2.
Article: The Godfather
Section: Restoration

Question: How many discs does the Blu-ray Disc box set contain?

After a restoration of the first two films, "The Godfather: The Coppola Restoration" was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on September 23, 2008 from a transfer by Robert A. Harris of Film Preserve.
Coppola's first response to the new transfer, from a question-and-answer session for "The Godfather Part III": "terrific.
"The Blu-ray Disc box set (four discs) includes high-definition extra features on the restoration and film.
They are included on Disc 5 of the DVD box set (five discs).
Other extras are held over from Paramount's 2001 DVD release, although slight differences obtain between the repurposed extras on the DVD and Blu-ray Disc sets; the HD box has more content.
Paramount lists the new (HD) extra features as:
 Godfather World
 The Masterpiece That Almost Wasn't
 ... when the shooting stopped
 Emulsional Rescue Revealing The Godfather
 "The Godfather" on the Red Carpet
 Four Short Films on "The Godfather"
* The Godfather vs.
The Godfather, Part II
* Cannoli
* Riffing on the Riffing
* Clemenza
Article: The Usual Suspects
Section: Critical

Question: What did "The Usual Suspect get for it's metascore?

"The Usual Suspects" was well received by most critics, and it has an 88% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and a 77 metascore on Metacritic.
While embraced by most viewers and critics, the film was the subject of harsh derision by some.
Roger Ebert, in a review for the "Chicago Sun-Times," gave the film one and a half stars out of four, considering it confusing and uninteresting.
He also included the movie in his "most hated films" list.
"USA Today" rated the film two and a half stars out of four, calling it "one of the most densely plotted mysteries in memory—though paradoxically, four-fifths of it is way too easy to predict."
However, "Rolling Stone" praised Spacey, saying his "balls-out brilliant performance is Oscar bait all the way."
In his review for "The Washington Post", Hal Hinson wrote, "Ultimately, "The Usual Suspects" may be too clever for its own good.
The twist at the end is a corker, but crucial questions remain unanswered.
What's interesting, though, is how little this intrudes on our enjoyment.
After the movie you're still trying to connect the dots and make it all fit—and these days, how often can we say that?"
In her review for "The New York Times", Janet Maslin praised the performances of the cast: "Mr. Singer has assembled a fine ensemble cast of actors who can parry such lines, and whose performances mesh effortlessly despite their exaggerated differences in demeanor ...
Without the violence or obvious bravado of "Reservoir Dogs," these performers still create strong and fascinatingly ambiguous characters."
"The Independent" praised the film's ending: "The film's coup de grace is as elegant as it is unexpected.
The whole movie plays back in your mind in perfect clarity—and turns out to be a completely different movie to the one you've been watching (rather better, in fact)."
Article: Michelangelo
Section: Early life, 1475-88

Question: Who claimed to be a descendent of Countess Mathilde of Canossa?

Early life, 1475-88.
Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese near Arezzo, Tuscany.
(Today, Caprese is known as Caprese Michelangelo).
For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence, the bank had failed and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born.
At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the Judicial administrator of the small town of Caprese and local administrator of Chiusi.
Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena.
The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa; this claim remains unproven, but Michelangelo himself believed it.
Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where Michelangelo was raised.
At later times, during his mother's prolonged illness and after her death in 1481, when he was just six years old, Michelangelo lived with a stonecutter and his wife and family in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm.
Giorgio Vasari quotes Michelangelo:
Article: The Night Watch
Section: New LED illumination

Question: What allows LED displays to function and create color?

On 26 October 2011, the Rijksmuseum unveiled new, sustainable LED lighting for "The Night Watch".
With new technology, it is the first time LED lighting has been able to render the fine nuances of the painting's complex color palette.
The lighting was developed by Philips Lighting and was inaugurated by Rijksmuseum Director Wim Pijbes and Philips President and CEO Frans van Houten.
Rogier van der Heide, Chief Design Officer at Philips Lighting, was responsible for creating the system.
The new illumination uses LED lights with a color temperature of 3,200 kelvins, similar to warm-white light sources like tungsten halogen.
It has a color rendering index of over 90, which makes it suitable for the illumination of artifacts such as "The Night Watch".
Using the new LED lighting, the museum saves 80% on energy and offers the painting a safer environment due to the absence of UV radiation and heat.
Article: Falling Skies
Section: Series overview

Question: How did the child die in Falling Skies?

"Falling Skies" tells the story of the aftermath of a global invasion by extraterrestrials (including mechanical attack drones called "mechs", a species of green-skinned six-legged beings known as "Skitters" that appear to control the mechs, and a third mysterious species known as the Overlords, or "espheni", presumably the actual engineers of the invasion and the masters of the Skitters).
Within a few days the invaders neutralized the world's power grid and technology, destroyed the militaries of all the world's countries, and killed over 90% of the human population.
The aliens' objectives are not explained, though the aliens try to round up children between the ages of 8 and 18 and attach a biomechanical obedience device onto (and into) their spines, referred to as a "harness".
The harness controls the child's mind, and forcibly removing it generally kills the child.
The story begins six months after the invasion and follows a group of survivors who band together to fight back.
The group, known as the Second Massachusetts (an allusion to a historical regiment from the Continental Army), is led by retired U.S. Army Captain Dan Weaver and Boston University history professor Tom Mason who, while in search of his son Ben, must put his extensive knowledge of military history into practice as one of the leaders of the resistance movement.
Article: The Thinker
Section: Origins

Question: When did Rodin begin working on The Thinker?

Originally named "The Poet" (""), the "Thinker" was initially a figure in a large commission, begun in 1880, for a doorway surround called "The Gates of Hell".
Rodin based this on "The Divine Comedy" of Dante, and most of the many figures in the work represented the main characters in the epic poem.
Some critics believe "The Thinker", at the centre of the composition over the doorway and at about 70 cm high larger than most other figures, was originally intended to depict Dante at the Gates of Hell, pondering his great poem.
However, there are questionable aspects to this interpretation, including that the figure is naked, Dante is fully clothed throughout his poem, and that the figure, as used, in no way corresponds to Dante's effete figure.
The sculpture is nude, as Rodin wanted a heroic figure in the tradition of Michelangelo, to represent intellect as well as poetry.
This detail from the "Gates of Hell" was first named "The Thinker" by foundry workers, who noted its similarity to Michelangelo's statue of Lorenzo de Medici called """" (The Thinker).
Rodin decided to treat the figure as an independent work, at a larger size.
The figure was designed to be seen from below, and is normally displayed on a fairly high plinth, though the heights chosen by the various owners for these vary considerably.
Article: Tunisia
Section: Education

Question: What portion of the GNP is represented by education?

Science and technology.
The adult literacy rate in 2008 was 78%.
Education is given a high priority and accounts for 6% of GNP.
A basic education for children between the ages of 6 and 16 has been compulsory since 1991.
Tunisia ranked 17th in the category of "quality of the educational system" and 21st in the category of "quality of primary education" in The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-9, released by The World Economic Forum.
While children generally acquire Tunisian Arabic at home, when they enter school at age 6, they are taught to read and write in Standard Arabic.
From the age of 8, they are taught French while English is introduced at the age of 12.
The four years of secondary education are open to all holders of Diplôme de Fin d’Etudes de l’Enseignement de Base where the students focus on entering university level or join the workforce after completion.
The Enseignement secondaire is divided into two stages: general academic and specialized.
The higher education system in Tunisia has experienced a rapid expansion and the number of students has more than tripled over the past 10 years from approximately 102,000 in 1995 to 365,000 in 2005.
The gross enrollment rate at the tertiary level in 2007 was 31 percent, with gender parity index of GER of 1.5.
Article: NASA
Section: Project Mercury (1959–63)

Question: Who was the first man sent to space?

Project Mercury (1959–63).
Shortly after the Space Race began, an early objective was to get a person into Earth orbit as soon as possible, therefore the simplest spacecraft that could be launched by existing rockets was favored.
U.S. Air Force's Man in Space Soonest program looked at many manned spacecraft designs, ranging from rocket planes like the X-15, to small ballistic space capsules.
By 1958, the space plane concepts were eliminated in favor of the ballistic capsule.
When NASA was created that same year, the Air Force program was transferred to it and renamed "Project Mercury".
The first seven astronauts were selected among candidates from the Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilot programs.
On May 5, 1961, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard "Freedom 7", launched by a Redstone booster on a 15-minute ballistic (suborbital) flight.
John Glenn became the first American to be launched into orbit by an Atlas launch vehicle on February 20, 1962 aboard "Friendship 7".
Glenn completed three orbits, after which three more orbital flights were made, culminating in L. Gordon Cooper's 22-orbit flight "Faith 7", May 15–16, 1963.
The Soviet Union (USSR) competed with its own single-pilot spacecraft, Vostok.
They beat the U.S. for the first man in space, by launching cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into a single Earth orbit aboard Vostok 1 in April 1961, one month before Shepard's flight.
In August 1962, they achieved an almost four-day record flight with Andriyan Nikolayev aboard Vostok 3, and also conducted a concurrent Vostok 4 mission carrying Pavel Popovich.
Article: Wrestling
Section: Lucha libre

Question: How many rounds are in a traditional match?

Mexican professional wrestling, also known as "Lucha libre" is a style of wrestling that combines mixed-martial arts and the wrestling of North America.
In Lucha libre the wrestler or "luchador" uses a mask to cover his face.
Traditionally the match is for the best of three rounds without a time limit.
The "Luchador" or "wrestler" athlete uses their own wrestling style or "estilo de lucha" consisting of aerial attack wrestling moves, strikes and complex submission moves.
The most popular "luchadores" are Santo, Blue Demon, Rey Mysterio, Eddie Guerrero, La Parka, Dos Caras Jr./Alberto Del Rio and Mistico.
Article: Victoria Falls
Section: National parks

Question: What is the group called that patrols the main tourist areas and wears reflective yellow bibs?

Natural environment.
National parks.
The two national parks at the falls are relatively small—Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is and Victoria Falls National Park is .
However, next to the latter on the southern bank is the Zambezi National Park, extending west along the river.
Animals can move between the two Zimbabwean parks and can also reach Matetsi Safari Area, Kazuma Pan National Park and Hwange National Park to the south.
On the Zambian side, fences and the outskirts of Livingstone tend to confine most animals to the Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park.
In addition fences put up by lodges in response to crime restrict animal movement.
In 2004 a separate group of police called the Tourism Police was started.
They are commonly seen around the main tourist areas, and can be identified by their uniforms with yellow reflective bibs.
Article: Maple syrup
Section: Modern era

Question: When did researchers unveil a new type of tap that prevents backflow?

Around the time of the American Civil War, syrup makers started using large, flat sheet metal pans as they were more efficient for boiling than heavy, rounded iron kettles, because of a greater surface area for evaporation.
Around this time, cane sugar replaced maple sugar as the dominant sweetener in the US; as a result, producers focused marketing efforts on maple syrup.
The first evaporator, used to heat and concentrate sap, was patented in 1858.
In 1872, an evaporator was developed that featured two pans and a metal arch or firebox, which greatly decreased boiling time.
Around 1900, producers bent the tin that formed the bottom of a pan into a series of flues, which increased the heated surface area of the pan and again decreased boiling time.
Some producers also added a finishing pan, a separate batch evaporator, as a final stage in the evaporation process.
Buckets began to be replaced with plastic bags, which allowed people to see at a distance how much sap had been collected.
Syrup producers also began using tractors to haul vats of sap from the trees being tapped (the sugarbush) to the evaporator.
Some producers adopted motor-powered tappers and metal tubing systems to convey sap from the tree to a central collection container, but these techniques were not widely used.
Heating methods also diversified: modern producers use wood, oil, natural gas, propane, or steam to evaporate sap.
Modern filtration methods were perfected to prevent contamination of the syrup.
A large number of technological changes took place during the 1970s.
Plastic tubing systems that had been experimental since the early part of the century were perfected, and the sap came directly from the tree to the evaporator house.
Vacuum pumps were added to the tubing systems, and preheaters were developed to recycle heat lost in the steam.
Producers developed reverse-osmosis machines to take a portion of water out of the sap before it was boiled, increasing processing efficiency.
Improvements in tubing and vacuum pumps, new filtering techniques, "supercharged" preheaters, and better storage containers have since been developed.
Research continues on pest control and improved woodlot management.
In 2009, researchers at the University of Vermont unveiled a new type of tap that prevents backflow of sap into the tree, reducing bacterial contamination and preventing the tree from attempting to heal the bore hole.
Experiments show that it may be possible to use saplings in a plantation instead of mature trees dramatically boosting productivity per acre.
Article: One More Night (Maroon 5 song)
Section: Synopsis

Question: In the Maroon 5 song "One More Night," what is upsetting to the main character after winning the fight?

The video for "One More Night" opens with two goldfish swimming around in a spheric bowl before segueing into a sequence where the seemingly idyllic home life Levine enjoys with video girlfriend Minka Kelly and their baby daughter is set against scenes of his hands being wrapped and of him training in a boxing ring.
At home, he eats a protein-heavy meal and revels in his baby girl's laughter as he holds her high in the air.
But all is not well, as frequent cuts to Kelly's concerned frown let on.
The writing is on the wall when he has to leave for a big fight and before he leaves, he pretends to soft box his baby daughter.
As he steps into the ring to cheers, she packs her bags.
He wins the fight, but when he returns home battered from the battle, he finds he's lost everything that really mattered.
Kelly and their child are gone and all that's left are the relics of his profession — trophies, a jump rope, a few pictures and a lone goldfish.
Article: Assassination of William McKinley
Section: Abstract

Question: Who shot William McKinley?

The 25th President of the United States, William McKinley, was shot and fatally wounded on September 6, 1901, inside the Temple of Music on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.
McKinley was shaking hands with the public when he was shot by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist.
The President died on September 14 from gangrene caused by the bullet wounds.
McKinley had been elected for a second term in 1900.
He enjoyed meeting the public, and was reluctant to accept the security available to his office.
The Secretary to the President, George B. Cortelyou, feared an assassination attempt would take place during a visit to the Temple of Music, and twice took it off the schedule.
McKinley restored it each time.
Czolgosz had lost his job during the economic Panic of 1893 and turned to anarchism, a political philosophy whose adherents had recently killed foreign leaders.
Regarding McKinley as a symbol of oppression, Czolgosz felt it was his duty as an anarchist to kill him.
Unable to get near McKinley during the earlier part of the presidential visit, Czolgosz shot McKinley twice as the President reached to shake his hand in the reception line at the temple.
One bullet grazed McKinley; the other entered his abdomen and was never found.
McKinley initially appeared to be recovering, but took a turn for the worse on September 13 as his wounds became gangrenous, and died early the next morning; Vice President Theodore Roosevelt succeeded him.
After McKinley's murder, for which Czolgosz was put to death in the electric chair, the United States Congress passed legislation to officially charge the Secret Service with the responsibility for protecting the president.
Article: Steak
Section: Abstract

Question: How do you generally cook a fish steak?

A steak (from Old Norse "steik", "roast") is generally a cut of beef sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers, or of fish cut perpendicular to the spine.
Meat steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled, while fish steaks may also be baked.
Steak can also be meat cooked in sauce, such as steak and kidney pie, or minced meat formed into a steak shape, such as Salisbury steak and hamburger steak.
Without qualification, the word "steak" generally refers to beefsteak.
Steaks from other animals are usually qualified as, "e.g.
", 'swordfish steak' or 'venison steak'.
Article: Napoleonic Wars
Section: War of the Third Coalition 1805

Question: When did Napoleon achieve his greatest victory?

Britain gathered together allies to form the Third Coalition against France.
In response, Napoleon seriously considered an invasion of Great Britain, and massed 180,000 effectives at Boulogne.
However, before he could invade, he needed to achieve naval superiority—or at least to pull the British fleet away from the English Channel.
A complex plan to distract the British by threatening their possessions in the West Indies failed when a Franco-Spanish fleet under Admiral Villeneuve turned back after an indecisive action off Cape Finisterre on 22 July 1805.
The Royal Navy blockaded Villeneuve in Cádiz until he left for Naples on 19 October; the British squadron caught and overwhelmingly defeated the combined enemy fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October (the British commander, Lord Nelson, died in the battle).
Napoleon would never again have the opportunity to challenge the British at sea, nor to threaten an invasion.
He again turned his attention to enemies on the Continent.
The French army left Boulogne and moved towards Austria.
In April 1805, Britain and Russia signed a treaty with the aim of removing the French from the Batavian Republic (roughly present-day Netherlands) and the Swiss Confederation (Switzerland).
Austria joined the alliance after the annexation of Genoa and the proclamation of Napoleon as King of Italy on 17 March 1805.
Sweden, which had already agreed to lease Swedish Pomerania as a military base for British troops against France, formally entered the coalition on 9 August.
The Austrians began the war by invading Bavaria with an army of about 70,000 under Karl Mack von Leiberich, and the French army marched out from Boulogne in late July 1805 to confront them.
At Ulm (25 September – 20 October) Napoleon surrounded Mack's army, forcing its surrender without significant losses.
With the main Austrian army north of the Alps defeated (another army under Archduke Charles manoeuvred inconclusively against André Masséna's French army in Italy), Napoleon occupied Vienna.
Far from his supply lines, he faced a larger Austro-Russian army under the command of Mikhail Kutuzov, with the Emperor Alexander I of Russia personally present.
On 2 December, Napoleon crushed the joint Austro-Russian army in Moravia at Austerlitz (usually considered his greatest victory).
He inflicted a total of 25,000 casualties on a numerically superior enemy army while sustaining fewer than 7,000 in his own force.
Austria signed the Treaty of Pressburg (26 December 1805) and left the Coalition.
The Treaty required the Austrians to give up Venetia to the French-dominated Kingdom of Italy and the Tyrol to Bavaria.
With the withdrawal of Austria from the war, stalemate ensued.
Napoleon's army had a record of continuous unbroken victories on land, but the full force of the Russian army had not yet come into play.