community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Suburgatory
Section: International broadcasts

Question: When did Suburgatory premiere in Sweden?

The series has been picked up in Canada by City, where it is simulcast with the ABC broadcasts.
In Latin America the series premiered on October 31, 2011 on Warner Channel.
The show premiered on January 3 in Sweden on Chanel 5.
In the Republic of Ireland the show began broadcasting on RTÉ Two from March 21, 2012 airing Wednesdays at 19:00.
In Spain, it premiered on Cosmopolitan TV on January 13, 2012.
The series began airing on the Nine Network's GO!
Channel in Australia from February 5, 2012 until it was taken off air in 2012/2013 after poor ratings losing to 7TWO, The Comedy Channel from Foxtel now airs the sitcom.
It premiered in Serbia on Serbian HBO Comedy on February 27, 2012, the Serbian name of the show is "Čistilište u predgrađu".
It also premiered in Poland on Polish HBO Comedy, on February 27, 2012, as "Podmiejski czyściec" ("Suburban Purgatory").
The show began airing in New Zealand on TV2 on February 14, 2012.
In the United Kingdom, "Suburgatory" started airing on Channel 4's digital channel E4 from July 17, 2012.
For Germany, ProSiebenSat.1 has picked up the series and will start airing it on Wednesday nights beginning on August 29.
It is also shown in Denmark on TV2 Zulu.
In Portugal, it was aired Monday to Friday, at 18:30, from November 22, 2012 until December 21, 2012 on RTP2.
In Brazil, the show premiered on January 3, 2013 at 3:30 AM in the SBT.
In Greece the show premiered on July 15, 2013 on Star Channel airing Monday to Friday at 2:30 PM, airing the first 2 Seasons.
In India, the show started airing on Star World from January 16, 2014.
Article: Lebanon
Section: Demographics

Question: What country has the most Lebanese immigrants?

The population of Lebanon was estimated to be 4,125,247 in July 2010, however no official census has been conducted since 1932 due to the sensitive confessional political balance between Lebanon's various religious groups.
Identifying all Lebanese as ethnically Arab is a widely employed example of panethnicity since in reality, the Lebanese “are descended from many different peoples who have occupied, invaded, or settled this corner of the world,” making Lebanon, “a mosaic of closely interrelated cultures”.
While at first glance, this ethnic, linguistic, religious and denominational diversity might seem to cause civil and political unrest, “for much of Lebanon’s history this multitudinous diversity of religious communities has coexisted with little conflict”.
The fertility rate fell from 5.00 in 1971 to 1.75 in 2004.
Fertility rates vary considerably among the different religious groups: in 2004 it was 2.10 for Shiites, 1.76 Sunnis and 1.61 for Maronites.
Lebanon has witnessed a series of migration waves: over 1,500,000 people emigrated from the country in the 1975–2011 period.
Millions of people of Lebanese descent are spread throughout the world, mostly Christians, especially in Latin America.
Brazil has the largest expatriate population.
"(See Lebanese Brazilians)".
Large numbers of Lebanese migrated to West Africa, particularly to the Ivory Coast (home to over 100,000 Lebanese) and Senegal (roughly 30,000 Lebanese).
Australia is home to over 270,000 Lebanese (1999 est.
As of 2012, Lebanon was host to over 460,000 refugees and asylum seekers: 405,425 Palestinians, 50,000–60,000 from Iraq, over 80,000 from Syria, and 4,500 from Sudan.
Their primary sources of income are UNRWA aid and menial labor sought in competition with about 300,000 Syrian guest workers.
The latest estimates by the United Nations put the number of Syrian refugees at more than 850,000.
In the last three decades, lengthy and destructive armed conflicts have ravaged the country.
The majority of Lebanese have been affected by armed conflict; those with direct personal experience include 75% of the population, and most others report suffering a range of hardships.
In total, almost the entire population (96%) has been affected insome way – either personally or because of the wider consequences of armed conflict.
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Universal Transit

Question: how can hotel guests get to the theme parks?

Universal Orlando's internal transportation system is often dubbed "Universal Transit."
The system consists of water taxis, buses, escalators, elevators, moving walkways, and pathways which transport guests between the parking structure, hotels, CityWalk, the theme parks, and Wet 'n Wild.
Onsite hotel guests can get to the theme parks and CityWalk by either boarding a water taxi which will take them directly to CityWalk or may use walkways.
The dock at CityWalk is located at the center of CityWalk and can be accessed by theme park visitors via the bridges connecting CityWalk to the theme parks.
Along the pathways, bicycles also transport guests for an additional cost.
For guests who prefer not to use a water taxi or walk or wish to go to Wet 'n Wild, they will find shuttle transportation also available at the onsite hotels.
These stop at five locations: Loews Portofino Bay Hotel & Spa, Hard Rock Hotel, Loews Royal Pacific Resort, Universal Orlando theme parks, and Wet 'n Wild.
The resort also features two large parking structures, for day and night guests who need to park, connected by bridge to Citywalk and the theme parks.
Article: Photoelectric effect
Section: Emission mechanism

Question: What becomes of the atom if the energy of the photon is absorbed?

The photons of a light beam have a characteristic energy proportional to the frequency of the light.
In the photoemission process, if an electron within some material absorbs the energy of one photon and acquires more energy than the work function (the electron binding energy) of the material, it is ejected.
If the photon energy is too low, the electron is unable to escape the material.
Since an increase in the intensity of low-frequency light will only increase the number of low-energy photons sent over a given interval of time, this change in intensity will not create any single photon with enough energy to dislodge an electron.
Thus, the energy of the emitted electrons does not depend on the intensity of the incoming light, but only on the energy (equivalently frequency) of the individual photons.
It is an interaction between the incident photon and the outermost electrons.
Electrons can absorb energy from photons when irradiated, but they usually follow an "all or nothing" principle.
All of the energy from one photon must be absorbed and used to liberate one electron from atomic binding, or else the energy is re-emitted.
If the photon energy is absorbed, some of the energy liberates the electron from the atom, and the rest contributes to the electron's kinetic energy as a free particle.
Article: Sien (Van Gogh series)
Section: Reaction to his relationship with Sien

Question: Who gave van Gogh his first set of art supplies?

Due to his relationship with Sien, van Gogh experienced the loss of support and goodwill from family and friends, and he experienced an even more strained relationship with his parents.
His teacher and cousin-in-law, Anton Mauve, abruptly ceased his support and tutelage of van Gogh within a few short weeks of van Gogh first meeting Sien, although there were other factors involved as well, not least their mutual melancholy.
Hulsker called this a simple tragedy for van Gogh.
Likewise, a long-standing family friend, Hermanus Tersteeg, an influential art dealer who taught van Gogh and his brother Theo a great deal about art and literature, and who gave van Gogh his first set of art supplies when he decided to become an artist, although he was always somewhat equivocal in his support, abruptly withdrew at the same time.
Van Gogh's relationship with Mauve in truth had scarcely lasted a month.
Already by the end of January, van Gogh was writing his brother Theo that he did not always find it easy to get on with Mauve.
Shortly after this, they fell out with each other over an issue involving drawing from plaster casts, which Mauve was anxious van Gogh should undertake to perfect his technique.
Van Gogh, however, vehemently insisted on drawing from models, and in a fit of pique destroyed some plaster casts of hands and feet that Mauve had given him to make studies from.
Following that incident, Mauve said he would have nothing more to do with him for the next two months (i.e.
for the rest of the winter).
In reality, Mauve, had resolved to break with van Gogh completely.
Van Gogh initially blamed Tersteeg for Mauve's indifference, but a chance meeting with Mauve in May made it clear to him that Mauve had definitively broken with him.
He described the meeting in a letter to Theo, and in the same letter he revealed his relationship with Sien for the first time and passionately defended it:Van Gogh left Sien the autumn of 1883.
Van Gogh went to Drenthe to paint and Sien went back to work as a seamstress, charwoman and possibly as a prostitute.
Her children, Maria and Willem, lived with Sien's mother and brother Pieter.
In 1901 Sien married a seaman, Anton van Wijk.
She committed suicide in 1904 at the age of 54 in Rotterdam's harbor, 14 years after van Gogh's death.
Article: Take Care (album)
Section: Accolades

Question: What ranking did "Take Care" land at?

According to Metacritic, "Take Care" was the ninth best ranked album in year-end top 10 lists by music critics, based on 135 lists.
It was named the best album of 2012 by the "Los Angeles Times" and "The New York Times", and was ranked number three by "Now" and MTV, number four by "Slate", number five by "Billboard" and "The Washington Post", number seven by "Fact", number eight by "The Globe and Mail", NPR, and Pitchfork Media, number 14 by Slant Magazine, and number 22 by "Rolling Stone" and "Spin".
It was also named as a longlisted nominee for the 2012 Polaris Music Prize on June 14, 2012.
In 2012, "Complex" named the album one of the classic albums of the last decade.
"Take Care" won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album at the 55th Grammy Awards.
In October 2013, Complex named it the fourth best hip hop album of the last five years.
Article: High Renaissance
Section: Sculpture

Question: Who was more likely to patronize Renaissance sculptors?

High Renaissance sculpture, as exemplified by Michelangelo's "Pietà" and the iconic "David", is characterized by an "ideal" balance between stillness and movement.
High Renaissance sculpture was normally commissioned by the public and the state, this becoming more popular for sculpture is an expensive art form.
Sculpture was often used to decorate or embellish architecture, normally within courtyards where others were able to study and admire the commissioned art work.
Wealthy individuals like cardinals, rulers and bankers were the more likely private patrons along with very wealthy families; Pope Julius II also patronized many artists.
During the High Renaissance there was the development of small scale statuettes for private patrons, the creation of busts and tombs also developing.
The subject matter related to sculpture was mostly religious but also with a significant strand of classical individuals in the form of tomb sculpture and paintings as well as ceilings of cathedrals.
Article: Sushi
Section: Nigirizushi

Question: Where was "Gunkan-maki" invented?

"Nigirizushi" (, "hand-pressed sushi") consists of an oblong mound of "sushi rice" that the chef presses into a small rectangular box between the palms of the hands, usually with a bit of "wasabi", and a topping (the "neta") draped over it.
"Neta" are typically fish such as salmon, tuna or other seafood.
Certain toppings are typically bound to the rice with a thin strip of "nori", most commonly octopus ("tako"), freshwater eel ("unagi"), sea eel ("anago"), squid ("ika"), and sweet egg ("tamago").
"Gunkanmaki" (, "warship roll") is a special type of "nigirizushi": an oval, hand-formed clump of sushi rice that has a strip of "nori" wrapped around its perimeter to form a vessel that is filled with some soft, loose or fine-chopped ingredient that requires the confinement of "nori" such as roe, "nattō", oysters, "uni" (sea urchin roe), corn with mayonnaise, scallops, and quail eggs.
"Gunkan-maki" was invented at the "Ginza Kyubey" restaurant in 1941; its invention significantly expanded the repertoire of soft toppings used in sushi.
"Temarizushi" (, "ball sushi") is a ball-shaped sushi made by pressing rice and fish into a ball-shaped form by hand using a plastic wrap.
Article: Botany
Section: Plant hormones

Question: What is the Greek definition of auxins?

Plants are not passive, but respond to external signals such as light, touch, and injury by moving or growing towards or away from the stimulus, as appropriate.
Tangible evidence of touch sensitivity is the almost instantaneous collapse of leaflets of "Mimosa pudica", the insect traps of Venus flytrap and bladderworts, and the pollinia of orchids.
The hypothesis that plant growth and development is coordinated by plant hormones or plant growth regulators first emerged in the late 19th century.
Darwin experimented on the movements of plant shoots and roots towards light and gravity, and concluded "It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle .
.
acts like the brain of one of the lower animals .
.
directing the several movements".
About the same time, the role of auxins (from the Greek auxein, to grow) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the Dutch scientist Frits Went.
The first known auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later.
This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity.
The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.
Another class of phytohormones is the jasmonates, first isolated from the oil of "Jasminum grandiflorum" which regulates wound responses in plants by unblocking the expression of genes required in the systemic acquired resistance response to pathogen attack.
In addition to being the primary energy source for plants, light functions as a signalling device, providing information to the plant, such as how much sunlight the plant receives each day.
This can result in adaptive changes in a process known as photomorphogenesis.
Phytochromes are the photoreceptors in a plant that are sensitive to light.
Article: Canada
Section: Provinces and territories

Question: How can the federal government start policies in rural areas?

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories.
In turn, these may be grouped into four main regions: Western Canada, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Canada ("Eastern Canada" refers to Central Canada and Atlantic Canada together).
Provinces have more autonomy than territories, having responsibility for social programs such as health care, education, and welfare.
Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, an almost unique structure among federations in the world.
Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas, such as the Canada Health Act; the provinces can opt out of these, but rarely do so in practice.
Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure that reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces.
Article: Person of interest
Section: "Hatfill v. Ashcroft"

Question: When was the case settled?

The use of the term became widely critiqued when United States Attorney General John Ashcroft used it in a press conference when asked if Dr. Steven J. Hatfill was a suspect in the 2001 anthrax attacks case.
In 2002, Hatfill's attorney filed a complaint with the Justice Department's Office of Professional Responsibility, arguing that "the term is not recognized in law or criminal procedure and that Ashcroft did not have the right 'to preside over the public shredding of life.
This is un-American.
Mr. Ashcroft owes Dr. Hatfill an apology.
The case was settled in 2008 for $5.8 million.
Article: The Usual Suspects
Section: Origins

Question: How did Keyser Soze get his name?

Bryan Singer met Kevin Spacey at a party after a screening of the young filmmaker's first film, "Public Access", at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival.
Spacey had been encouraged by a number of people he knew who had seen it, and was so impressed that he told Singer and McQuarrie that he wanted to be in whatever film they did next.
Singer read a column in "Spy" magazine called "The Usual Suspects" after Claude Rains' line in "Casablanca."
Singer thought that it would be a good title for a film.
When asked by a reporter at Sundance what their next film was about, McQuarrie replied, "I guess it's about a bunch of criminals who meet in a police line-up," which incidentally was the first visual idea that he and Singer had for the poster: "five guys who meet in a line-up," Singer remembers.
The director also envisioned a tagline for the poster, "All of you can go to Hell."
Singer then asked the question, "What would possibly bring these five felons together in one line-up?"
McQuarrie revamped an idea from one of his own unpublished screenplays — the story of a man who murders his own family and walks away, disappearing from view.
The writer mixed this with the idea of a team of criminals.Söze's character is based on the accounts of John List, a New Jersey accountant who murdered his family in 1971 and then disappeared for almost two decades, assuming a new identity before he was ultimately apprehended.
McQuarrie based the name of Keyser Söze on one of his previous supervisors, Keyser Sume, at a Los Angeles law firm that he worked for, but decided to change the last name because he thought that his former boss would object to how it was used.
He found the word "söze" in his roommate's English-to-Turkish dictionary, which translates as "talk too much."
All the characters' names are taken from staff members of the law firm at the time of his employment.
McQuarrie had also worked for a detective agency, and this influenced the depiction of criminals and law enforcement officials in the script.
Singer described the film as "Double Indemnity" meets "Rashomon," and said that it was made "so you can go back and see all sorts of things you didn't realize were there the first time.
You can get it a second time in a way you never could have the first time around."
He also compared the film's structure to "Citizen Kane" (which also contained an interrogator and a subject who is telling a story) and the criminal caper "The Anderson Tapes."
Article: Victoria Peak
Section: History

Question: Who built a summer residence on Victoria Peak around 1868?

As early as 19th century, the Peak attracted prominent European residents because of its panoramic view over the city and its temperate climate compared to the sub-tropical climate in the rest of Hong Kong.
The sixth Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Richard MacDonnell had a summer residence built on the Peak circa 1868.
Those that built houses named them whimsically, such as The Eyrie, and the Austin Arms.
See First houses on the Peak.
These original residents reached their homes by sedan chairs, which were carried up and down the steep slope of Victoria Peak.
This limited development of the Peak until the opening of the Peak Tram funicular in 1888.
The boost to accessibility caused by the opening of the Peak Tram created demand for residences on the Peak.
Between 1904 and 1930, the Peak Reservation Ordinance designated the Peak as an exclusive residential area reserved for non-Chinese.
They also reserved the Peak Tram for the use of such passengers during peak periods.
The Peak remains an upmarket residential area, although residency today is based on wealth.
Article: Stone Mountain
Section: Aviation accidents

Question: Was alcohol a factor in the May 7, 1928 plane crash on Stone Mountain?

According to George Weiblen's annotated calendar for Monday, May 7, 1928: "Mail plane crashed on mountain at 8:00 P.M."Around dusk on September 16, 2003, in clear weather, a small airplane circled the mountain five times, then crashed headlong into the south side, burst into flames and killed the pilot.
A witness testifying at the NTSB investigation stated that the pilot, a 69-year-old accountant, had threatened on multiple occasions to commit suicide by flying into the mountain.
The official NTSB accident report lists the probable cause as "The pilot's intentional flight into the ground for the purpose of suicide while impaired by alcohol."
Article: Das Boot
Section: Criticism by novelist Buchheim

Question: When was the film review for Das Boot published?

Even though impressed by the technological accuracy of the film's set-design and port construction buildings, novelist Lothar-Günter Buchheim expressed great disappointment with Petersen's adaptation in a film review published in 1981, especially with Petersen's aesthetic vision for the film and the way the plot and the effects are, according to him, overdone and clichéd by the adaptation.
He also criticised the hysterical overacting of the cast, which he called highly unrealistic, while acknowledging the cast's acting talent in general.
Buchheim, after several attempts for an American adaptation had failed, had provided a script detailing his own narrative, cinematographical and photographical ideas as soon as Petersen was chosen as new director.
It would have amounted in full to a complete six-hour epic; however, Petersen turned him down because at the time the producers were aiming for a 90-minute feature for international release.
However, today's Director's Cut of "Das Boot" amounts to over 200 minutes, and the complete TV version of the film is 282 minutes long.
Buchheim, himself a U-boat correspondent, attacked specifically what he called Petersen's sacrificing of both realism and suspense in dialogue, narration, and photography for the sake of cheap dramatic thrills and action effects (for example, in reality one single exploding bolt of the boat's pressure hull would have been enough for the whole crew to worry about the U-boat being crushed by water pressure, while Petersen has several bolts loosening in various scenes).
Buchheim also criticized depictions of the crew's loud behaviour during patrols as unrealistic and celebrations after achieving a torpedo hit or surviving a bombing as unprofessional.
Furthermore, an officer—even an outsider like Lt. Werner—would have commanded special respect and that throwing an oil-drenched towel into his face would not have been tolerated.
Uttering concerns about the end result, Buchheim felt that unlike his clearly anti-war novel the adaptation was "another re-glorification and re-mystification" of the German World War II U-boat war, German heroism and nationalism.
He called the film a cross between a "cheap, shallow American action flick" and a "contemporary German propaganda newsreel from World War II".