community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Israel
Section: Religion

Question: What percentage of Israel's population are Christian?

Israel and the Palestinian territories comprise the major part of the Holy Land, a region of significant importances to all Abrahamic religions – Jews, Christians, Muslims and Baha'is.
The religious affiliation of Israeli Jews varies widely: a social survey for those over the age of 20 indicates that 55% say they are "traditional", while 20% consider themselves "secular Jews", 17% define themselves as "Religious Zionists"; 8% define themselves as "Haredi Jews".
While the ultra-Orthodox, or Haredim, represented only 5% of Israel's population in 1990, they are expected to represent more than one-fifth of Israel's Jewish population by 2028.
Making up 16% of the population, Muslims constitute Israel's largest religious minority.
About 2% of the population are Christian and 1.5% are Druze.
The Christian population primarily comprises Palestinian Christians, but also includes post-Soviet immigrants and the Foreign Laborers of multinational origins and followers of Messianic Judaism, considered by most Christians and Jews to be a form of Christianity.
Members of many other religious groups, including Buddhists and Hindus, maintain a presence in Israel, albeit in small numbers.
Out of more than one million immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Israel, about 300,000 are considered not Jewish by the Orthodox rabbinate.
The city of Jerusalem is of special importance to Jews, Muslims and Christians as it is the home of sites that are pivotal to their religious beliefs, such as the Israeli-controlled Old City that incorporates the Western Wall and the Temple Mount, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
Other locations of religious importance in Israel are Nazareth (holy in Christianity as the site of the Annunciation of Mary), Tiberias and Safed (two of the Four Holy Cities in Judaism), the White Mosque in Ramla (holy in Islam as the shrine of the prophet Saleh), and the Church of Saint George in Lod (holy in Christianity and Islam as the tomb of Saint George or Al Khidr).
A number of other religious landmarks are located in the West Bank, among them Joseph's tomb in Shechem, the birthplace of Jesus and Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem, and the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron.
The administrative center of the Bahá'í Faith and the Shrine of the Báb are located at the Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa and the leader of the faith is buried in Acre.
Apart from maintenance staff, there is no Bahá'í community in Israel, although it is a destination for pilgrimages.
Bahá'í staff in Israel do not teach their faith to Israelis following strict policy.
Article: Field hockey
Section: Local rules

Question: What protective gear must field hockey players wear?

There are sometimes minor variations in rules from competition to competition; for instance, the duration of matches is often varied for junior competitions or for carnivals.
Different national associations also have slightly differing rules on player equipment.
The new Euro Hockey League has made major alterations to the rules to aid television viewers, such as splitting the game into four quarters, and to try to improve player behaviour, such as a two-minute suspension for green cards—the latter was also used in the 2010 World Cup.
In the United States, the NCAA has its own rules for inter-collegiate competitions; high school associations similarly play to different rules, usually using the rules published by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS).
This article assumes FIH rules unless otherwise stated.
USA Field Hockey produces an annual summary of the differences.
In the United States, the games at the junior high level consist of two 25-minute halves, while the high school level consists of two 30-minute halves.
Many private American schools play 25-minute halves, and some have adopted FIH rules rather than NFHS rules.
Players are required to wear mouth guards and shin guards in order to play the game.
Also, there is a newer rule requiring certain types of sticks be used.
In recent years, the NFHS rules have moved closer to FIH, but in 2011 a new rule requiring protective eyewear was introduced for the 2011 Fall season.
The 'cage style' goggles favored by US high school lacrosse and permitted in high school field hockey is not permitted under FIH rules.
Article: Eiffel Tower
Section: Abstract

Question: How many people climbed Paris' tallest structure in 2011?

The Eiffel Tower (, ) is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris.
It was named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower.
Erected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.
The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.98 million people ascended it in 2011.
The tower received its 250 millionth visitor in 2010.
The tower is tall, about the same height as an 81- building.
During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930.
Because of the addition of the antenna atop the Eiffel Tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by .
Not including broadcast antennae, it is the second-tallest structure in France, after the Millau Viaduct.
The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second.
The third level observatory's upper platform is above the ground, the highest accessible to the public in the European Union.
Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift (elevator) to the first and second levels.
The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level.
Although there are stairs to the third and highest level, these are usually closed to the public and it is generally only accessible by lift.
Article: Volleyball
Section: Scoring

Question: When did games get the name "sets" and have their win value reduced to 25 points?

When the ball contacts the floor within the court boundaries or an error is made, the team that did not make the error is awarded a point, whether they served the ball or not.
If the ball hits the line, the ball is counted as in.
The team that won the point serves for the next point.
If the team that won the point served in the previous point, the same player serves again.
If the team that won the point did not serve the previous point, the players of the team rotate their position on the court in a clockwise manner.
The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points by a two-point margin is awarded the set.
Matches are best-of-five sets and the fifth set, if necessary, is usually played to 15 points.
(Scoring differs between leagues, tournaments, and levels; high schools sometimes play best-of-three to 25; in the NCAA matches are played best-of-five to 25 as of the 2008 season.
)Before 1999, points could be scored only when a team had the serve ("side-out scoring") and all sets went up to only 15 points.
The FIVB changed the rules in 1999 (with the changes being compulsory in 2000) to use the current scoring system (formerly known as "rally point system"), primarily to make the length of the match more predictable and to make the game more spectator- and television-friendly.
The final year of side-out scoring at the NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Championship was 2000.
Rally point scoring debuted in 2001 and games were played to 30 points through 2007.
For the 2008 season, games were renamed "sets" and reduced to 25 points to win.
Article: Wrestling
Section: History

Question: Which is the oldest form of combat that we know of?

Wrestling represents one of the oldest forms of combat.
Literary references to it occur as early as in the Iliad, in which Homer recounts the Trojan War of the 13th or 12th century BC.
The origins of wrestling go back 15,000 years through cave drawings in France.
Babylonian and Egyptian reliefs show wrestlers using most of the holds known in the present-day sport.
In ancient Greece wrestling occupied a prominent place in legend and literature; wrestling competition, brutal in many aspects, served as the focal sport of the ancient Olympic Games.
The ancient Romans borrowed heavily from Greek wrestling, but eliminated much of its brutality.
During the Middle Ages (fifth century to fifteenth century) wrestling remained popular and enjoyed the patronage of many royal families, including those of France, Japan and England.
Early European settlers in America brought a strong wrestling tradition with them if they came from England.
The settlers also found wrestling to be popular among Native Americans.
Amateur wrestling flourished throughout the early years of the North American colonies and served as a popular activity at country fairs, holiday celebrations, and in military exercises.
The first organized national wrestling tournament took place in New York City in 1888, and wrestling has been an event at every modern Olympic Games since the 1904 games in Saint Louis, Missouri (a demonstration had been performed at the first modern Olympics).
The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) originated in 1912 in Antwerp, Belgium.
The 1st NCAA Wrestling Championships were also held in 1912, in Ames, Iowa.
USA Wrestling, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, became the national governing body of amateur wrestling in 1983.
It conducts competitions for all age-levels.
Article: Love the Way You Lie
Section: Recording

Question: Who provided additional vocal production?

Mike Strange recorded and mixed Eminem's vocals at Effigy Studios in Ferndale, Michigan.
The sessions took two days.
Strange edited the vocals with D-Verb—a reverberation software—and an Extra Long Delay plug-in.
He preferred to make few changes; for "Love the Way You Lie" he almost exclusively used board compression and console equalization.
Strange used the Bricasti and Eventide Reverb 2016 mixing tools for "brighter" reverberation.
Detroit musician Luis Resto has contributed to the arrangement on many of Eminem's songs, but did not do so for "Love the Way You Lie".
According to Strange, "Everything we needed was already in the track, apart from the vocals."
Two to three weeks after the sessions, Alex da Kid arrived to help mix and master the track.
He wanted to replace the acoustic guitar on the demo, but Eminem chose to keep it.
Strange said, "It was simply a matter of trying to match and then to improve on the demo da Kid'd sent us."
Strange's brother Joe engineered the track.
Rihanna's recording sessions took place at Sun Studios in Dublin, Ireland.
Marcos Tovar mixed her vocals, which were engineered by Spike Lindsey and mastered from Detroit over the Internet.
The American songwriter Makeba Riddick provided additional vocal production.
Strange used equalization, compression and reverberation but left the vocal balance.
He assumed that Rihanna was satisfied with her recorded vocals and did not make major changes on her seven stereo vocal tracks.
Article: Cricket
Section: Types of matches

Question: Two inning matches usually take how long?

Cricket is a multi-faceted sport with multiple formats based around playing standard and level of formality and the desired time that the match should last.
A pertinent division in terms of professional cricket is between matches limited by time in which the teams have two innings apiece, and those limited by number of overs, in which they have a single innings each.
The former, known as first-class cricket, has a duration of three to five days (there have been examples of "timeless" matches too); the latter, known as limited overs cricket because each team bowls a limit of typically 50 or 20 overs, has a planned duration of one day only (a match can be extended if necessary due to bad weather, etc.
Typically, two-innings matches have at least six hours of playing time each day.
Limited overs matches often last six hours or more.
There are usually formal intervals on each day for lunch and tea with brief informal breaks for drinks.
There is also a short interval between innings.
Amateur cricketers rarely play matches that last longer than a single day; these may loosely be divided into declaration matches, in which a specified maximum time or number of overs is assigned to the game in total and the teams swap roles only when the batting team is either completely dismissed or declares; and limited overs matches, in which a specified maximum number of overs is assigned for each team's innings individually.
These will vary in length between 30 and 60 overs per side at the weekend and the ever popular 20 over format during the evenings.
Other forms of cricket, such as indoor cricket and garden cricket remain popular.
Historically, a form of cricket known as single wicket had been extremely successful and many of these contests in the 18th and 19th centuries qualify as major cricket matches.
In this form, although each team may have from one to six players, there is only one batsman at a time and he must face every delivery bowled while his innings lasts.
Single wicket has rarely been played since limited overs cricket began.
Article: Wushu (sport)
Section: Other taolu routines

Question: What is the Chinese term referring to the Southern Fist routine of Wushu?

The majority of routines used in the sport are new, modernized recompilations of traditional routines.
However, routines taken directly from traditional styles, including the styles that are not part of standard events, may be performed in competition, especially in China.
These routines generally do not garner as many points as their modern counterparts, and are performed in events separate from the compulsory routine events.
Among these, the more commonly seen routines include:
Baguazhang (八卦掌) – Eight-Trigrams Palm
Bajiquan (八極拳) – Eight Extremes Fist/Boxing
Chaquan (查拳) – Cha Fist/Boxing
Changquan (长拳) – Long fist
Chuojiao (戳腳) – Poking Feet
Ditangquan (地躺拳) – Ground-Prone Fist/Boxing
Fanziquan (翻子拳) – Tumbling Fist/Boxing
Houquan (猴拳) – Monkey Fist/Boxing
Huaquan (華拳) – Hua Fist/Boxing
Nanquan (南拳) – Southern Fist
Paochui (炮捶) – Cannon Punch
Piguaquan (劈掛拳) – Chop-Hitch Fist/Boxing
Shequan (蛇拳) – Snake Fist/Boxing
Tantui (弹腿) – Spring Leg
Tanglanquan (螳螂拳) – Praying Mantis Fist/Boxing
Tongbeiquan (通背拳) – Through-the-Back Fist/Boxing
Wing Chun (Yongchunquan) – Eternal Spring
Xingyiquan (形意拳) – Shape-Intent Fist/Boxing
Yingzhuaquan (鷹爪拳) – Eagle Claw Fist/Boxing
Zuiquan (醉酒拳) – Drunken Fist/Boxing
Article: Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Section: Natural features

Question: How many black bears live in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park?

Elevations in the park range from at the mouth of Abrams Creek to at the summit of Clingmans Dome.
Within the park a total of sixteen mountains reach higher than 6,000 feet (1829 m).
The wide range of elevations mimics the latitudinal changes found throughout the entire eastern United States.
Indeed, ascending the mountains is comparable to a trip from Tennessee to Canada.
Plants and animals common in the country's Northeast have found suitable ecological niches in the park's higher elevations, while southern species find homes in the balmier lower reaches.
During the most recent ice age, the northeast-to-southwest orientation of the Appalachian mountains allowed species to migrate southward along the slopes rather than finding the mountains to be a barrier.
As climate warms, many northern species are now retreating upward along the slopes and withdrawing northward, while southern species are expanding.
The park normally has very high humidity and precipitation, averaging from 55 inches (1,400 mm) per year in the valleys to 85 inches (2,200 mm) per year on the peaks.
This is more annual rainfall than anywhere in the United States outside the Pacific Northwest and parts of Alaska and Hawaii.
It is also generally cooler than the lower elevations below, and most of the park has a humid continental climate more comparable to locations much farther north, as opposed to the humid subtropical climate in the lowlands.
The park is almost 95 percent forested, and almost 36 percent of it, , is estimated by the Park Service to be old growth forest with many trees that predate European settlement of the area.
It is one of the largest blocks of deciduous, temperate, old growth forest in North America.
The variety of elevations, the abundant rainfall, and the presence of old growth forests give the park an unusual richness of biota.
About 10,000 species of plants and animals are known to live in the park, and estimates as high as an additional 90,000 undocumented species may also be present.
Park officials count more than 200 species of birds, 66 species of mammals, 50 species of fish, 39 species of reptiles, and 43 species of amphibians, including many lungless salamanders.
The park has a noteworthy black bear population, numbering about 1,500.
An experimental re-introduction of elk (wapiti) into the park began in 2001.
Over 100 species of trees grow in the park.
The lower region forests are dominated by deciduous leafy trees.
At higher altitudes, deciduous forests give way to coniferous trees like Fraser Fir.
In addition, the park has over 1,400 flowering plant species and over 4,000 species of non-flowering plants.
Article: Electron
Section: Particle accelerators

Question: What year was synchrotron radiation discovered?

With the development of the particle accelerator during the first half of the twentieth century, physicists began to delve deeper into the properties of subatomic particles.
The first successful attempt to accelerate electrons using electromagnetic induction was made in 1942 by Donald Kerst.
His initial betatron reached energies of 2.3 MeV, while subsequent betatrons achieved 300 MeV.
In 1947, synchrotron radiation was discovered with a 70 MeV electron synchrotron at General Electric.
This radiation was caused by the acceleration of electrons, moving near the speed of light, through a magnetic field.
With a beam energy of 1.5 GeV, the first high-energyparticle collider was ADONE, which began operations in 1968.
This device accelerated electrons and positrons in opposite directions, effectively doubling the energy of their collision when compared to striking a static target with an electron.
The Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) at CERN, which was operational from 1989 to 2000, achieved collision energies of 209 GeV and made important measurements for the Standard Model of particle physics.
Article: Egypt
Section: Abstract

Question: What is a major component of Egypt's economy?

Egypt ( ""), is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
Most of its territory of lies within the Nile Valley of North Africa and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
With over 86 million inhabitants, Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East, and the 15th-most populated in the world.
The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about , where the only arable land is found.
The large regions of the Sahara Desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.
About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern state, having been continuously inhabited since the 10th millennium BC.
Its monuments, such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, were constructed by its ancient civilization, which was one of the most powerful of its time and one of the first six civilizations to arise independently in the world.
Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest from around the world.
Egypt's rich cultural legacy, as well as the attraction of its Red Sea Riviera, have made tourism a vital part of the economy, employing about 12 percent of the country's workforce.
The economy of Egypt is one of the most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at almost equal production levels.
Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world.
Article: Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Section: Riots

Question: In how many cities did people riot after Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated?

Colleagues of Dr. King in the civil rights movement called for a non-violent response to the assassination, to honor his most deeply held beliefs.
James Farmer, Jr. said:The more militant Stokely Carmichael, however, called for more forceful action, saying:"White America killed Dr. King last night.
She made a whole lot easier for a whole lot of black people today.
There no longer needs to be intellectual discussions, black people know that they have to get guns.
White America will live to cry that she killed Dr. King last night.
It would have been better if she had killed Rap Brown and/or Stokely Carmichael, but when she killed Dr. King, she lost.
"Despite the urging of many leaders, the assassination led to a nationwide wave of riots in more than 100 cities.
After the assassination, the city of Memphis quickly settled the strike on favorable terms to the sanitation workers.
Article: How to Save a Life
Section: Track listing

Question: What is the extra track added to "How to Save a Life"?

In later editions, an extra track was added:
<li value=13>"Unsaid" – 3:05
Bonus CD:
<li value=14>"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Live at the Gothic (05.20.2005))
"How to Save a Life" (Live for MTV.com & VH1.com (07.14.2005))
"Look After You" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))
"Heaven Forbid" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))
Bonus DVD:
How to Save a Life (The Story)
On The Road 2006 (Documentary)
"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Music Video)
"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Making the video)