community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: France
Section: Administrative divisions

Question: How many administrative regions is France separated into?

France is divided into 27 administrative regions, 22 in metropolitan France (including the territorial collectivity of Corsica), and five located overseas.
The regions are further subdivided into 101 departments, which are numbered mainly alphabetically.
This number is used in postal codes and vehicle number plates amongst others.
The 101 departments are subdivided into 341 arrondissements which are, in turn, subdivided into 4,051 cantons.
These cantons are then divided into 36,697 communes, which are municipalities with an elected municipal council.
There are 2,588 intercommunal entities grouping 33,414 of the 36,697 communes (i.e.
91.1% of all the communes).
Three communes, Paris, Lyon and Marseille are subdivided into 45 municipal arrondissements.
The regions, departments and communes are all known as territorial collectivities, meaning they possess local assemblies as well as an executive.
Arrondissements and cantons are merely administrative divisions.
However, this was not always the case.
Until 1940, the arrondissements were territorial collectivities with an elected assembly, but these were suspended by the Vichy regime and definitely abolished by the Fourth Republic in 1946.
Article: Wide Awake (Katy Perry song)
Section: Release and reception

Question: Why was the video released a day earlier than it was supposed to be?

The video was supposed to have its world premiere on June 19, 2012.
However, the video was unexpectedly uploaded by EMI to the Czech website mixer.cz.
one day earlier.
Due to this, it was announced that the June 19 premiere was being scrapped and that the release was pushed up to June 18, 2012 at 7:53 p.m.
ET on MTV as part of ""MTV First: Katy Perry"".
After the premiere, an exclusive 30-minute interview with Perry will take place on MTV.com.
The worldwide premiere will reach more than 600 million households around the world via MTV’s global network of more than 60 channels, as well as over 300 digital media properties in more than 150 territories.
Fans around the world will also be able to stream the video online at http://katyperry.mtv.com.
The music video will also be shown on MTV’s sibling networks VH1, Logo and Teen Nick and debut on MTV.com, VH1.com and LOGOtv.com.
In addition, the video will go into rotation immediately on mtvU, MTV Hits and AMTV the following morning.
Perry stated in an interview that the music video is symbolic of her life, where various scenes in the video are redolent of her rise to stardom, personal struggles, love and marriage.
Perry received 3 nominations for this Video, which included Video of the Year in the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards.
She took home the "moon man" for Best Art Direction at the awards on September 6, 2012.
The music video was met with acclaim from most critics, with a number of them deeming it the best video to date from Perry.
E!
Online opined in a Twitter status that they love the video and compared it to "Alice In Wonderland".
"Rolling Stone" gave the clip a positive review, praising its introspective nature, saying that 'Though the clip recalls familiar looks, the video puts a new spin on it all, recasting every colorful look with a melancholy tone and a darker palette.'
Hollywoodlife felt that the video is inspiring, while calling Perry a symbol of strength.
"Entertainment Weekly" also credited the fantastical, whimsical vibe of the visual as Perry teams up with her younger self.
A "Behind the Scenes" video was released on August 22, 2012 on MTV and Vevo.
Article: The Godfather
Section: Current rankings

Question: Did Entertanment Weekly name The Godfather as the greatest film ever made?

 The film is ranked at the top of Metacritic's top 100 list, and is ranked 5th on Rotten Tomatoes' all time best list (100% "Certified Fresh").
 In 2002, "The Godfather" and "The Godfather Part II" reached No.
2 on Film4's list of "The 100 Greatest Films of All Time".
 "Entertainment Weekly" named "The Godfather" the greatest film ever made.
 "The Godfather" was voted in at No.
1 on "Empire" magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time" in November 2008.
 In "Time Out"'s 2003 readers' poll, "The Godfather" was ranked the second best film of all time, after "Some Like It Hot".
 Currently 2nd on IMDB's top 250 movies list, with its sequel occupying the 3rd position.
Article: Donatello
Section: Major commissions in Florence

Question: Who commissioned David from Donatello?

Around 1430, Cosimo de' Medici, the foremost art patron of his era, commissioned from Donatello the bronze David (now in the Bargello) for the court of his Palazzo Medici.
This is now Donatello's most famous work.
At the time of its creation, it was the first known free-standing nude statue produced since ancient times.
Conceived fully in the round, independent of any architectural surroundings, and largely representing an allegory of the civic virtues triumphing over brutality and irrationality, it was the first major work of Renaissance sculpture.
Also from this period is the disquietingly small "Love-Atys", housed in the Bargello.
Some have perceived the David as having homo-erotic qualities, and have argued that this reflected the artist's own orientation.
Details of Donatello's relationships remain speculative.
The historian Paul Strathern makes the claim that Donatello made no secret of his homosexuality, and that his behaviour was tolerated by his friends.
This may not be surprising in the context of attitudes prevailing in the 15th- and 16th-century Florentine republic.
However, little detail is known with certainty about his private life, and no mention of his sexuality has been found in the Florentine archives (in terms of denunciations) albeit which during this period are incomplete.
The main evidence comes from anecdotes by Angelo Poliziano in his ""Detti piacevoli"".
When Cosimo was exiled from Florence, Donatello went to Rome, remaining until 1433.
The two works that testify to his presence in this city, the "Tomb of Giovanni Crivelli" at Santa Maria "in Aracoeli", and the "Ciborium" at St. Peter's Basilica, bear a strong stamp of classical influence.
Donatello's return to Florence almost coincided with Cosimo's.
In May 1434, he signed a contract for the marble pulpit on the facade of Prato cathedral, the last project executed in collaboration with Michelozzo.
This work, a passionate, pagan, rhythmically-conceived bacchanalian dance of half-nude putti, was the forerunner of the great "Cantoria", or singing tribune, at the Duomo in Florence on which Donatello worked intermittently from 1433 to 1440 and was inspired by ancient sarcophagi and Byzantine ivory chests.
In 1435, he executed the "Annunciation" for the Cavalcanti altar in Santa Croce, inspired by 14th-century iconography, and in 1437–1443, he worked in the Old Sacristy of the San Lorenzo in Florence, on two doors and lunettes portraying saints, as well as eight stucco tondoes.
From 1438 is the wooden statue of St. John the Evangelist for Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari in Venice.
Around 1440, he executed a bust of a "Young Man with a Cameo" now in the Bargello, the first example of a lay bust portrait since the classical era.
Article: Cheese
Section: Dental health

Question: What is in cheese that helps prevent tooth decay?

Some studies claim that cheddar, mozzarella, Swiss and American cheeses can help to prevent tooth decay.
Several mechanisms for this protection have been proposed:
 The calcium, protein, and phosphorus in cheese may act to protect tooth enamel.
 Cheese increases saliva flow, washing away acids and sugars.
Article: Human swimming
Section: Accessories

Question: How can you improve visibility underwater during swimming?

 Ear plugs can prevent water from getting in the ears.
 Noseclips can prevent water from getting in the nose.
However, this is generally only used for synchronised swimming.
Using noseclips in competitive swimming can cause a disadvantage to most swimmers.
It is for this reason that noseclips are only used for synchronised swimming and recreational swimming.
 Goggles protect the eyes from chlorinated water, and can improve underwater visibility.
Tinted goggles protect the eyes from sunlight that reflects from the bottom of the pool.
 Swim caps keep the body streamlined and protect the hair from chlorinated water.
 Kickboards are used to keep the upper body afloat while exercising the lower body.
Pull buoys are used to keep the lower body afloat while exercising the upper body.
 Swimfins are used to elongate the kick and improve technique and speed.
Fins also build upper calf muscles.
 Safety fencing and equipment is mandatory at public pools and a zoning requirement at most residential pools in the United States.
Article: Sydney Opera House
Section: Significant changes to Utzon's design

Question: What is the one example of good original acoustics design?

 The major hall, which was originally to be a multipurpose opera/concert hall, became solely a concert hall, called the Concert Hall.
The minor hall, originally for stage productions only, incorporated opera and ballet functions and was called the Opera Theatre, later renamed the Joan Sutherland Theatre.
As a result, the Joan Sutherland Theatre is inadequate to stage large-scale opera and ballet.
A theatre, a cinema and a library were also added.
These were later changed to two live drama theatres and a smaller theatre "in the round".
These now comprise the Drama Theatre, the Playhouse, and the Studio, respectively.
These changes were primarily because of inadequacies in the original competition brief, which did not make it adequately clear how the Opera House was to be used.
The layout of the interiors was changed, and the stage machinery, already designed and fitted inside the major hall, was pulled out and largely thrown away, as detailed in the 1968 BBC TV documentary "Autopsy on a Dream", which "chronicles the full spectrum of controversy surrounding the construction of the Sydney Opera House".
 Externally, the cladding to the podium and the paving (the podium was originally not to be clad down to the water, but to be left open).
 The construction of the glass walls (Utzon was planning to use a system of prefabricated plywood mullions, but a different system was designed to deal with the glass).
 Utzon's plywood corridor designs, and his acoustic and seating designs for the interior of both major halls, were scrapped completely.
His design for the Concert Hall was rejected as it only seated 2000, which was considered insufficient.
Utzon employed the acoustic consultant Lothar Cremer, and his designs for the major halls were later modelled and found to be very good.
The subsequent Todd, Hall and Littlemore versions of both major halls have some problems with acoustics, particularly for the performing musicians.
The orchestra pit in the Joan Sutherland Theatre is cramped and dangerous to musicians' hearing.
The Concert Hall has a very high roof, leading to a lack of early reflections onstage—perspex rings (the "acoustic clouds") hanging over the stage were added shortly before opening in an (unsuccessful) attempt to address this problem.
Article: Belgium
Section: Abstract

Question: When did Belgium leave the Netherlands?

Belgium (; Dutch: "België"; French: "Belgique"; German: "Belgien"), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal monarchy in Western Europe.
It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters as well as those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.
Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 11 million people.
Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community (which constitutes about 59% of the population), and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population (which comprises 41% of all Belgians).
Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers that are officially recognized.
Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia.
The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region.
*A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia.
Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of government.
Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries, which used to cover a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states.
The region was called Belgica in Latin, after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica, which covered more or less the same area.
From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture.
From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers, causing it to be dubbed the "Battlefield of Europe,"*a reputation strengthened by both World Wars.
Upon its independence, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolutionand, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa.
The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Flemish and the Francophones fueled by differences in language and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia.
This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms, a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement, and several governmental crises, the most recent — from 2007 to 2011 — being the longest.
Article: The Weeping Woman
Section: Dora Maar

Question: Who did Picasso paint in "The Weeping Woman"?

Dora Maar was Picasso's mistress from 1936 until 1944.
In the course of their relationship, Picasso painted her in a number of guises, some realistic, some benign, others tortured or threatening.
Picasso explained:""For me she's the weeping woman.
For years I've painted her in tortured forms, not through sadism, and not with pleasure, either; just obeying a vision that forced itself on me.
It was the deep reality, not the superficial one.
""""Dora, for me, was always a weeping woman... And it's important, because women are suffering machines.""
Article: Judo
Section: Founding of the Kodokan

Question: What year was the Kodokan school and dojo opened?

In February 1882, Kano founded a school and dojo at the , a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo (now the Higashi Ueno district of Taitō ward).
Iikubo, Kano's "Kitō-ryū" instructor, attended the dojo three days a week to help teach and, although two years would pass before the temple would be called by the name , and Kano had not yet received his in "Kitō-ryū", this is now regarded as the Kodokan founding.
The "Eisho-ji" dojo was a relatively small affair, consisting of a twelve mat training area.
Kano took in resident and non-resident students, the first two being Tsunejiro Tomita and Shiro Saigo.
In August, the following year, the pair were granted grades, the first that had been awarded in any martial art.
Article: Toy Story
Section: Editing and pre-release

Question: How did the movie Toy Story end?

It was difficult for crew members to perceive the film's quality during much of the production process, when the finished footage was in scattered pieces and lacked elements like music and sound design.
Some animators felt the film would be a significant disappointment commercially, but felt animators and animation fans would find it interesting.
According to Lee Unkrich, one of the original editors of "Toy Story", a scene was cut out of the original final edit.
The scene features Sid, after Pizza Planet, torturing Buzz and Woody violently.
Unkrich decided to cut right into the scene where Sid is interrogating the toys because the creators of the movie thought the audience would be loving Buzz and Woody at that point.
Another scene, where Woody was trying to get Buzz's attention when he was stuck in the box crate, was shortened because the creators felt it would lose the energy of the movie.
Peter Schneider had grown buoyant about the film as it neared completion, and announced a United States release date of November, coinciding with Thanksgiving weekend and the start of the winter holiday season.
Sources indicate that executive producer Steve Jobs lacked confidence in the film during its production, and he had been talking to various companies, ranging from Hallmark to Microsoft, about selling Pixar.
However, as the film progressed, Jobs became ever more excited about it, feeling that he might be on the verge of transforming the movie industry.
As scenes from the movie were finished, he watched them repeatedly and had friends come by his home to share his new passion.
Jobs decided that the release of "Toy Story" that November would be the occasion to take Pixar public.
A test audience near Anaheim in late July 1995 indicated the need for last-minute tweaks, which added further pressure to the already frenetic final weeks.
Response cards from the audience were encouraging, but were not top of the scale, adding further question as to how audiences would respond.
The film ended with a shot of Andy's house and the sound of a new puppy.
Michael Eisner, who attended the screening, told Lasseter afterward that the film needed to end with a shot of Woody and Buzz together, reacting to the news of the puppy.
Article: Mona Lisa
Section: Conservation

Question: who did a detailed analysis in 1933 to  revealed that earlier restorers had "acted with a great deal of restraint"?

The "Mona Lisa" has survived for more than 500 years, and an international commission convened in 1952 noted that "the picture is in a remarkable state of preservation."
This is partly due to the result of a variety of conservation treatments the painting has undergone.
A detailed analysis in 1933 by Madame de Gironde revealed that earlier restorers had "acted with a great deal of restraint."
Nevertheless, applications of varnish made to the painting had darkened even by the end of the 16th century, and an aggressive 1809 cleaning and revarnishing removed some of the uppermost portion of the paint layer, resulting in a washed-out appearance to the face of the figure.
Despite the treatments, the "Mona Lisa" has been well cared for throughout its history, and although the panel's warping caused the curators "some worry", the 2004–05 conservation team was optimistic about the future of the work.
Article: Gossip Girl
Section: Casting

Question: Who portrays the character Georgina Sparks?

Featuring nine regular speaking roles, the majority of the ensemble cast was assembled from February to April 2007.
Leighton Meester and Blake Lively - who started auditioning in December 2006 - were the first two actresses to be chosen in February for the lead roles of Blair Waldorf and Serena van der Woodsen, respectively.
Penn Badgley, who had previously worked with Stephanie Savage on "The Mountain", Taylor Momsen, Chace Crawford, Kelly Rutherford and Connor Paolo also auditioned successfully and landed roles in the series in March, as did Florencia Lozano who appeared only in the pilot, and was replaced by Margaret Colin.
Badgley had initially turned down the part of Dan.
Actors for the roles of Chuck Bass and Rufus Humphrey were found in April when English actor Ed Westwick, and Matthew Settle were cast.
Westwick first read for the role of Nate but was then asked to try Chuck.
As rumors swirled about the impending cancellation of "Veronica Mars", it was revealed at The CW's 2007 Upfronts on May 17, 2007 that Kristen Bell had narrated the pilot, thus making her the title character of another show on the network.
Jessica Szohr was signed on to portray the recurring role of Vanessa Abrams and received regular status during the fourteenth episode of the first season.
Kaylee DeFer joined the series in the eighteenth episode of the fourth season and was promoted to series regular for the show's fifth season.
At the conclusion of the fourth season, Momsen, who went on an indefinite hiatus during the season while retaining regular billing, and Jessica Szhor both left the show.
Throughout the series' run, Connor Paolo consistently declined to elevate his recurring role of Eric van der Woodsen to regular status, citing personal reasons for his decision.
After becoming a regular on the ABC series "Revenge", Paolo confirmed his departure from "Gossip Girl" in August 2011.
As the show progressed, numerous recurring guest stars appeared in the show.
Michelle Trachtenberg signed on to portray Georgina Sparks.
The role had previously been offered to Mischa Barton who passed.
Francie Swift and Sam Robards took the parental roles of Anne and Howard Archibald, respectively.
Caroline Lagerfelt portrayed Celia "CeCe" Rhodes, Serena and Eric's grandmother and Lily's mother.
Sebastian Stan made several appearances as Carter Baizen throughout the show's first three seasons.
Article: Forrest Gump
Section: Feather

Question: In what popular book by Forrest is the feather stored?

Various interpretations have been suggested for the feather present at the opening and conclusion of the film.
Sarah Lyall of "The New York Times" noted several opinions that were made about the feather: "Does the white feather symbolize the unbearable lightness of being?
Forrest Gump's impaired intellect?
The randomness of experience?"
Hanks interpreted the feather as: "Our destiny is only defined by how we deal with the chance elements to our life and that's kind of the embodiment of the feather as it comes in.
Here is this thing that can land anywhere and that it lands at your feet.
It has theological implications that are really huge."
Sally Field compared the feather to fate, saying: "It blows in the wind and just touches down here or there.
Was it planned or was it just perchance?"
Visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston compared the feather to an abstract painting: "It can mean so many things to so many different people.
"The feather is stored in a book titled "Curious George", Forrest's favorite book, which his mother read to him, connecting the scene's present time with his childhood in the 1940s.
The placement of the feather in the book is directly on a picture of the monkey walking on a tightrope.
Whether that was intentional or not, it is very symbolic.
The feather also has a correlation with Jenny's constant obsession with "becoming a bird and flying far far away" due to the abuse (sexual and physical) she endured from her father.
She goes as far in the film as to ask Forrest "if jumped off the bridge, could [she fly?"