community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Glad You Came
Section: Music video

Question: How many views has the music video, "Glad You Came" received on YouTube?

The music video was created by Director X and was filmed in Ibiza, Spain.
It sees the band on the beach, in a club and at a houseparty each with an individual woman.
It was uploaded to YouTube on 10 June 2011.
Jay McGuiness revealed to MTV UK: "The theory of the video was take The Wanted to Ibiza and just film everything and then just cut bits that were useable.
But the girls were models, they weren't just girls we picked."
However Max George admitted: "Actually no, the girl I had to spend time with was just literally picked up off the street after a night out."
The video has achieved over 74 million views on YouTube, becoming their most watched video on the site.
It also starred a cameo from footballer John-Joe O'Toole.
Article: Lacrosse
Section: European Lacrosse Foundation

Question: What year did the European Lacrosse Federation begin running the European Championships?

The next largest international field lacrosse competition are the European Lacrosse Championships, held for both men and women's teams.
Since 1995, the European Lacrosse Federation (ELF) has been running the European Championships.
Before 2001 they held the Championships annually, but that year the ELF changed the format to every four years, between the World Championships.
Before 2004, only seven nations had ever participated.
In 2004 a record number of countries participated, fielding 12 men's and 6 women's teams, making it the largest international lacrosse event of the year.
In 2008 the European Lacrosse Championships were held in Lahti, Finland, with 18 competing countries.
England placed first with the Netherlands and Germany placing second and third, respectively.
The most recent ELF Championships were held in Amsterdam in 2012.
England was victorious over Ireland in the championship game, and Sweden took third place.
Article: Doughnut
Section: Germany

Question: In Berlin, what distinguishes a "Berliner" from a "Kameruner"?

In parts of Germany, the doughnut equivalents are called "Berliner" (sg.
and pl.
), but not in the capital city of Berlin itself and neighboring areas, where they are called "Pfannkuchen" (which is often found misleading by people in the rest of Germany, who use the word Pfannkuchen to describe a pancake, which is also the literal translation of it).
In middle Germany, they are called "Kreppel" or "Pfannkuchen".
In southern Germany, they are also called "Krapfen" and are especially popular during Carnival season ("Karneval"/"Fasching") in southern and middle Germany and on New Year's Eve in northern Germany.
"Berliner" do not have the typical ring shape, but instead are solid and usually filled with jam, while a ring-shaped variant called "Kameruner" is common in Berlin and eastern Germany.
"Bismarcks" and "Berlin doughnuts" are also found in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland and the U.S. Today, American style doughnuts are also available in Germany, but are less popular than their native counterparts.
Article: Track and field
Section: Javelin throw

Question: What region of the world has the most dominant javelin throwers?

As an implement of war and hunting, javelin throwing began in prehistoric times.
Along with the discus, the javelin was the second throwing event in the ancient Olympic pentathlon.
Records from 708 BC show two javelin competition types co-existing: throwing at a target and throwing the javelin for distance.
It was the latter type from which the modern event derives.
In ancient competitions, athletes would wrap an "ankyle" (thin leather strip) around the javelin that acted as a sling to facilitate extra distance.
The javelin throw gained much popularity in Scandinavia in the late 18th century and athletes from the region are still among the most dominant throwers in men's competitions.
The modern event features a short run up on a track and then the thrower releases the javelin before the foul line.
The first Olympic men's javelin throw contest was held in 1908 and a women's competition was introduced in 1932.
The first javelins were made of various types of wood, but in the 1950s, former athlete Bud Held introduced a hollow javelin, then a metal javelin, both of which increased throwers performances.
Another former athlete, Miklós Németh invented the rough-tailed javelin and throws reached in excess of 100 m – edging towards the limits of stadia.
The distances and the increasing number of horizontal landings led the IAAF to redesign the men's javelin to reduce distance and increase the implement's downward pitching moment to allow for easier measurement.
Rough-tailed designs were banned in 1991 and all marks achieved with such javelins were removed from the record books.
The women's javelin underwent a similar redesign in 1999.
The current javelin specifications are 2.6 to 2.7 m in length and 800 grams in weight for men, and between 2.2 to 2.3 m and 600 g for women.
Article: Russia
Section: Grand Duchy of Moscow

Question: Who regained Russia's independence and took the title of "Grand Duke of all the Russias"?

The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was the Grand Duchy of Moscow ("Moscovy" in the Western chronicles), initially a part of Vladimir-Suzdal.
While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, Moscow began to assert its influence in the Central Rus' in the early 14th century, gradually becoming the main leading force in the process of the Rus' lands' reunification and expansion of Russia.
Those were hard times, with frequent Mongol-Tatar raids and agriculture suffering from the beginning of the Little Ice Age.
As in the rest of Europe, plagues hit Russia somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490.
However, because of the lower population density and better hygiene (widespread practicing of banya, the wet steam bath), the population loss caused by plagues was not so severe as in the Western Europe, and the pre-Plague populations were reached in Russia as early as 1500.
Led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow and helped by the Russian Orthodox Church, the united army of Russian principalities inflicted a milestone defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380.
Moscow gradually absorbed the surrounding principalities, including the formerly strong rivals, such as Tver and Novgorod.
Ivan III ("the Great") finally threw off the control of the Golden Horde, consolidated the whole of Central and Northern Rus' under Moscow's dominion, and was the first to take the title "Grand Duke of all the Russias".
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Moscow claimed succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Ivan III married Sophia Palaiologina, the niece of the last Byzantine emperor Constantine XI, and made the Byzantine double-headed eagle his own, and eventually Russian, coat-of-arms.
Article: The Persistence of Memory
Section: Description

Question: Who created this art?

The well-known surrealist piece introduced the image of the soft melting pocket watch.
It epitomizes Dalí's theory of "softness" and "hardness", which was central to his thinking at the time.
As Dawn Ades wrote, "The soft watches are an unconscious symbol of the relativity of space and time, a Surrealist meditation on the collapse of our notions of a fixed cosmic order".
This interpretation suggests that Dalí was incorporating an understanding of the world introduced by Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity.
Asked by Ilya Prigogine whether this was in fact the case, Dalí replied that the soft watches were not inspired by the theory of relativity, but by the surrealist perception of a Camembert cheese melting in the sun.
Although fundamentally part of Dalí's Freudian phase, the imagery precedes his transition to his scientific phase by fourteen years, which occurred after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
It is possible to recognize a human figure in the middle of the composition, in the strange "monster" that Dalí used in several contemporary pieces to represent himself – the abstract form becoming something of a self-portrait, reappearing frequently in his work.
The orange clock at the bottom left of the painting is covered in ants.
Dalí often used ants in his paintings as a symbol of decay.
The figure in the middle of the picture can be read as a "fading" creature, one that often appears in dreams where the dreamer cannot pinpoint the creature's exact form and composition.
One can observe that the creature has one closed eye with several eyelashes, suggesting that the creature is also in a dream state.
The iconography may refer to a dream that Dalí himself had experienced, and the clocks may symbolize the passing of time as one experiences it in sleep or the persistence of time in the eyes of the dreamer .
"The Persistence of Memory" employs "the exactitude of realist painting techniques" to depict imagery more likely to be found in dreams than in waking consciousness.
Article: Battle of Midway
Section: Japanese casualties

Question: How many Japanese people died at the Battle of Midway?

By the time the battle ended, 3,057 Japanese had died.
Casualties aboard the four carriers were:"Akagi": 267; "Kaga": 811; "Hiryu": 392; "Soryu": 711; a total of 2,181.
The heavy cruisers "Mikuma" (sunk; 700 casualties) and "Mogami" (badly damaged; 92) accounted for another 792 deaths.
In addition, the destroyers "Arashio" (bombed; 35) and "Asashio" (strafed by aircraft; 21) were both damaged during the air attacks which sank "Mikuma" and caused further damage to "Mogami".
Floatplanes were lost from the cruisers "Chikuma" (3) and "Tone" (2).
Dead aboard the destroyers "Tanikaze" (11), "Arashi" (1), "Kazagumo" (1) and the fleet oiler "Akebono Maru" (10) made up the remaining 23 casualties.
Article: Periodic table
Section: Further periodic table extensions

Question: Who expected the eighth period on the periodic table to follow previously established patterns?

It is unclear whether new elements will continue the pattern of the current periodic table as period 8, or require further adaptations or adjustments.
Seaborg expected the eighth period to follow the previously established pattern exactly, so that it would include a two-element s-block for elements 119 and 120, a new g-block for the next 18 elements, and 30 additional elements continuing the current f-, d-, and p-blocks.
More recently, physicists such as Pekka Pyykkö have theorized that these additional elements do not follow the Madelung rule, which predicts how electron shells are filled and thus affects the appearance of the present periodic table.
Article: Batman Begins
Section: Abstract

Question: Batman Begins premiered in what year?

Batman Begins is a 2005 British-American superhero film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, co-written and directed by Christopher Nolan.
It stars Christian Bale as Batman along with Michael Caine, Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Gary Oldman, and Morgan Freeman.
The film reboots the "Batman" film series, telling the origin story of the character from Bruce Wayne's initial fear of bats, the death of his parents, his journey to become Batman, and his fight against Ra's al Ghul's plot to destroy Gotham City.
It draws inspiration from classic comic book storylines such as "The Man Who Falls", ', and '.
After a series of unsuccessful projects to resurrect Batman on screen following the 1997 critical failure of "Batman & Robin", Nolan and David S. Goyer began to work on the film in early 2003 and aimed for a darker and more realistic tone, with humanity and realism being the basis of the film.
The goal was to get the audience to care for both Batman and Bruce Wayne.
The film, which was primarily shot in Iceland and Chicago, relied on traditional stunts and miniatures – computer-generated imagery was used minimally.
"Batman Begins" was both critically and commercially successful.
The film opened on June 17, 2005, in the United States and Canada in 3,858 theaters.
It grossed $48 million in its opening weekend in North America, eventually grossing over $372 million worldwide.
The film received critical acclaim and has been considered by many as one of the best superhero films ever made.
Critics noted that fear was a common motif throughout the film, and remarked that it had a darker tone compared with previous "Batman" films.
The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and three BAFTA awards.
The film is followed by "The Dark Knight" (2008) and "The Dark Knight Rises" (2012) in a continual story-arc, which has later been referred to as "The Dark Knight" trilogy.
Article: Donatello
Section: Last years in Florence

Question: Where is Donatello's final resting place?

Donatello returned to Florence in 1453.
The Judith and Holofernes, begun for the Duomo di Siena date from 1455 to 1460 but were later acquired by the Medici.
Until 1461, Donatello remained in Siena, where he created a "St. John the Baptist", also for the Duomo, and models for its gates, now lost.
For his last commission in Florence, Donatello produced reliefs for the bronze pulpits in the church of San Lorenzo, with help from students Bartolomeo Bellano and Bertoldo di Giovanni.
Donatello provided the general design and personally executed the "Martyrdom of St. Lawrence" and the "Deposition from the Cross"; he worked on the reliefs of "Christ before Pilate" and "Christ before Caiphus", with Bellano.
This work is characterized by an intense, free, indeed sketchy and suggestively unfinished — in Italian a "non-finito" — technique that heightens the dramatic effect of the scenes and emphasizes their spiritual intensity.
Donatello died in Florence in 1466 and was buried in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, next to Cosimo de' Medici the Elder.
Article: Juice
Section: Health benefits

Question: Which vitamin is orange juice rich in?

Juices are often consumed for their perceived health benefits.
For example, orange juice is rich in vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, is an excellent source of bioavailable antioxidant phytochemicals and significantly improves blood lipid profiles in people affected with hypercholesterolemia.
Prune juice is associated with a digestive health benefit.
Cranberry juice has long been known to help prevent or even treat bladder infections, and it is now known that a substance in cranberries prevents bacteria from binding to the bladder.
Many fruit juices have a higher sugar (fructose) content than sweetened soft drinks; e.g., typical grape juice has 50% more sugar than Coca-Cola.
While soft drinks (e.g.
Coca-Cola) cause oxidative stress when ingested and may even lead to insulin resistance in the long term, the same thing cannot be attributed to fruit juices.
On the contrary, fruit juices are actually known for their ability to raise serum antioxidant capacity and even offset the oxidative stress and inflammation normally caused by high-fat and high-sugar meals.
Fruit juice consumption overall in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the US has increased in recent years, probably due to public perception of juices as a healthy natural source of nutrients and increased public interest in health issues.
Indeed, fruit juice intake has been consistently associated with reduced risk of many cancer types, might be protective against stroke and delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
The perception of commercial fruit juice as equal in health benefit to fresh fruit has been questioned, mainly because it lacks fiber and has often been highly processed.
High-fructose corn syrup, an ingredient of many juice cocktails, has been linked to the increased incidence of type II diabetes.
High consumption of juice is also linked to weight gain in some studies, but not in others.
In a controlled clinical study, regular consumption of grape juice for 12 weeks did not cause any weight gain in volunteers, but consumption of a soft drink did.
Fruit juice in moderate amounts can help children and adults meet daily recommendations for fruit consumption, nutrient intake and calories.
The American Academy of Pediatrics says that fruit juice should not be given to infants before 6 months of age.
For children ages 1 to 6, intake of fruit juice should be limited to 4 to 6 ounces per day (about a half to three-quarters of a cup).
Giving children excessive juice can lead to poor nutrition, diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, bloating, and tooth decay.
Article: Doctor Who
Section: Charity episodes

Question: Which two Doctors met in "Time Crash"?

In 1983, coinciding with the series' 20th anniversary, a charity special titled "The Five Doctors" was produced in aid of Children in Need, featuring three of the first five Doctors, a new actor to replace the deceased William Hartnell, and unused footage to represent Tom Baker.
This was a full-length, 90-minute film, the longest single episode of "Doctor Who" produced to date (the television movie ran slightly longer on broadcast where it included commercial breaks).
In 1993, for the franchise's 30th anniversary, another charity special, titled "Dimensions in Time" was produced for Children in Need, featuring all of the surviving actors who played the Doctor and a number of previous companions.
It also featured a crossover with the soap opera "EastEnders", the action taking place in the latter's Albert Square location and around Greenwich.
The special was one of several special 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time, using a 3D system that made use of the Pulfrich effect requiring glasses with one darkened lens; the picture would look normal to those viewers who watched without the glasses.
In 1999, another special, "Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death", was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS.
An affectionate parody of the television series, it was split into four segments, mimicking the traditional serial format, complete with cliffhangers, and running down the same corridor several times when being chased (the version released on video was split into only two episodes).
In the story, the Doctor (Rowan Atkinson) encounters both the Master (Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks.
During the special the Doctor is forced to regenerate several times, with his subsequent incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley.
The script was written by Steven Moffat, later to be head writer and executive producer to the revived series.
Since the return of "Doctor Who" in 2005, the franchise has produced two original "mini-episodes" to support Children in Need.
The first, aired in November 2005, was an which introduced David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor.
It was followed in November 2007 by "Time Crash", a 7-minute scene which featured the Tenth Doctor meeting the Fifth Doctor (played once again by Peter Davison).
A set of two mini-episodes, titled "Space" and "Time" respectively, were produced to support Comic Relief.
They were aired during the Comic Relief 2011 event.
During 2011 Children in Need, an exclusively-filmed segment showed the Doctor addressing the viewer, attempting to persuade them to purchase items of his clothing, which were going up for auction for Children in Need.
The 2012 edition of CiN featured the mini-episode "The Great Detective".
Article: Udon
Section: Abstract

Question: Is the taste of Udon regional?

Udon is often served hot as a noodle soup in its simplest form, as "kake udon", in a mildly flavoured broth called "kakejiru," which is made of dashi, soy sauce (shōyu), and mirin.
It is usually topped with thinly chopped scallions.
Other common toppings include tempura, often prawn or "kakiage" (a type of mixed tempura fritter), or "aburaage", a type of deep-fried tofu pockets seasoned with sugar, mirin, and soy sauce.
A thin slice of kamaboko, a halfmoon-shaped fish cake, is often added.
Shichimi can be added to taste.
The flavor of broth and topping vary from region to region.
Usually, dark brown broth, made from dark soy sauce ("koikuchi shōyu"), is used in eastern Japan, and light brown broth, made from light soy sauce ("usukuchi shōyu"), is used in western Japan.
This is even noticeable in packaged instant noodles, which are often sold in two different versions for east and west.
Article: Juice
Section: Abstract

Question: Is juice consumed as a beverage?

Juice is a liquid that is naturally contained in fruit and vegetables.
It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with these or other biological food sources such as meat and seafood.
It is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods.
Article: Field hockey
Section: Free hits

Question: After how many metres can the ball go in when taking a free hit?

Free hits are awarded when offences are committed outside the scoring circles (the term 'free hit' is standard usage but the ball need not be hit).
The ball may be hit, pushed or lifted in any direction by the team offended against.
The ball can be lifted from a free hit but not by hitting, you must flick or scoop to lift from a free hit.
(In previous rules versions hits in the area outside the circle in open play have been permitted but lifting one direction from a free hit prohibited).
Opponents must move from the ball when a free hit is awarded.
A free hit must be taken from within playing distance of the place of the offence for which it was awarded and the ball must be stationary when the free-hit is taken.
As mentioned above, a 15 m hit is awarded if an attacking player commits a foul forward of that line, or if the ball passes over the back line off an attacker.
These free hits are taken in line with where the foul was committed (taking a line parallel with the sideline between where the offence was committed, or the ball went out of play).
When an attacking free hit is awarded within 5 m of the circle everyone including the person taking the penalty must be five metres from the circle and everyone apart from the person taking the free hit must be five metres away from the ball.
When taking an attacking free hit the ball may not be hit straight into the circle if you are within your attacking 23 metre area (25 yard area).
It must travel 5 metres before going in.
Article: Palace of Versailles
Section: History

Question: When did de Gondi purchase the seigneury of Versailles?

The earliest mention of the name of Versailles is in a document dated 1038, relating to the village of Versailles.
In 1575, the seigneury of Versailles was bought by Albert de Gondi, a naturalized Florentine, who invited Louis XIII on several hunting trips in the forests surrounding Versailles.
Pleased with the location, Louis ordered the construction of a hunting lodge in 1624.
Eight years later, Louis obtained the seigneury of Versailles from the Gondi family and began to make enlargements to the château.
This structure would become the core of the new palace.
Louis XIII's successor, Louis XIV, had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world.
Following the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678, he began to gradually move the court to Versailles.
The court was officially established there on 6 May 1682.
After the disgrace of Nicolas Fouquet in 1661, Louis confiscated Fouquet's estate and employed the talents of Le Vau, Le Nôtre, and Le Brun, who all had worked on Fouquet's grand château Vaux-le-Vicomte, for his building campaigns at Versailles and elsewhere.
For Versailles, there were four distinct building campaigns.