community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Udon
Section: Cold

Question: What is Hadaka udon?

 "Zaru udon": Chilled udon noodles topped with shredded nori and served on a zaru (笊 or ざる), a sieve-like bamboo tray.
Accompanied by a chilled dipping sauce, usually a strong mixture of dashi, mirin, and shoyu.
Eaten with wasabi or grated ginger.
 "Bukkake udon": Cold udon served with thick dashi-broth.
 "Hadaka udon" (naked udon 裸うどん): Cold udon served on its own.
 Kijoyu udon: Served in a cold soup of raw (unpasteurized) soy sauce and sudachi (a type of citrus) juice, sometimes with a bit of grated daikon.
Article: The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)
Section: Description

Question: Which person is to the right of Christ in Michaelangelo's The Last Judgement?

At the centre of the work is a depiction of Christ, captured in the moment preceding that when the verdict of the Last Judgement is uttered.
To Christ's right is his mother, Virgin Mary, who turns her head in a gesture of resignation.
Surrounding Christ in a slow rotary movement are figures, identified as the saints and the elect of God.
Most notable are Saint Peter, holding the keys of Heaven and Saint Bartholomew with his own skin which is usually recognized as being a self-portrait of Michelangelo.
In the centre of the lower section are the angels of the Apocalypse who are wakening the dead to the sound of long trumpets.
On the left the risen recover their bodies as they ascend towards heaven, on the right angels and demons fight over making the damned fall down to hell.
Below this detail is Charon (here the work invokes Greek mythology; Charon sails the ferry down the Styx), leading the damned into hell where they are greeted by Minos (see below), whose body is wrapped in the coils of the serpent.
Article: DNA
Section: Sense and antisense

Question: Can sense and antisense sequences exist on different parts of the same strand of DNA

A DNA sequence is called "sense" if its sequence is the same as that of a messenger RNA copy that is translated into protein.
The sequence on the opposite strand is called the "antisense" sequence.
Both sense and antisense sequences can exist on different parts of the same strand of DNA (i.e.
both strands can contain both sense and antisense sequences).
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, antisense RNA sequences are produced, but the functions of these RNAs are not entirely clear.
One proposal is that antisense RNAs are involved in regulating gene expression through RNA-RNA base pairing.
A few DNA sequences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and more in plasmids and viruses, blur the distinction between sense and antisense strands by having overlapping genes.
In these cases, some DNA sequences do double duty, encoding one protein when read along one strand, and a second protein when read in the opposite direction along the other strand.
In bacteria, this overlap may be involved in the regulation of gene transcription, while in viruses, overlapping genes increase the amount of information that can be encoded within the small viral genome.
Article: Boxing
Section: Counter puncher

Question: Are knockouts common or rare?

Counter punchers are slippery, defensive style fighters who often rely on their opponent's mistakes in order to gain the advantage, whether it be on the score cards or more preferably a knockout.
They use their well-rounded defense to avoid or block shots and then immediately catch the opponent off guard with a well placed and timed punch.
A fight with a skilled counter-puncher can turn into a war of attrition, where each shot landed is a battle in itself.
Thus, fighting against counter punchers requires constant feinting and the ability to avoid telegraphing ones attacks.
To be truly successful using this style they must have good reflexes, a high level of prediction and awareness, pinpoint accuracy and speed, both in striking and in footwork.
Notable counter punchers include Vitali Klitschko, Floyd Mayweather, Jr., Evander Holyfield, Max Schmeling, Chris Byrd, Jim Corbett, Jack Johnson, Bernard Hopkins, Laszlo Papp, Jerry Quarry, Anselmo Moreno, James Toney, Marvin Hagler, Juan Manuel Márquez, Humberto Soto, Roger Mayweather, Pernell Whitaker and Sergio Gabriel Martinez.
Counter punchers usually wear their opponents down by causing them to miss their punches.
The more the opponent misses, the faster they'll tire, and the psychological effects of being unable to land a hit will start to sink in.
The counter puncher often tries to outplay their opponent entirely, not just in a physical sense, but also in a mental and emotional sense.
This style can be incredibly difficult, especially against seasoned fighters, but winning a fight without getting hit is often worth the pay-off.
They usually try to stay away from the center of the ring, in order to outmaneuver and chip away at their opponents.
A large advantage in counter-hitting is the forward momentum of the attacker, which drives them further into your return strike.
As such, knockouts are more common than one would expect from a defensive style.
Article: Lincoln Memorial
Section: Sacred space

Question: How many people came to the speech "I have a dream"?

As Sandage, (1993) demonstrates, the Memorial has become a symbolically sacred venue especially for the Civil Rights movement.
In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow the African-American contralto Marian Anderson to perform before an integrated audience at the organization's Constitution Hall.
At the suggestion of Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harold L. Ickes, the Secretary of the Interior, arranged for a performance on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday of that year, to a live audience of 70,000, and a nationwide radio audience.
On August 28, 1963, the memorial grounds were the site of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which proved to be a high point of the American Civil Rights Movement.
It is estimated that approximately 250,000 people came to the event, where they heard Martin Luther King, Jr., deliver his historic speech, "I Have a Dream", before the memorial honoring the president who had issued the Emancipation Proclamation 100 years earlier.
The D.C. police also appreciated the location because it was surrounded on three sides by water, so that any incident could be easily contained.
Twenty years later, on August 28, 1983, crowds gathered again to mark the 20th Anniversary Mobilization for Jobs, Peace and Freedom, to reflect on progress in gaining civil rights for African Americans and to commit to correcting continuing injustices.
The "I Have a Dream" speech is such a part of the Lincoln Memorial story, that the spot on which King stood, on the landing eighteen steps below Lincoln's statue, was engraved in 2003 in recognition of the 40th anniversary of the event.
This engraving can be easy to miss unless one walks up the very center of the steps.
The engraving is not large and the letters have not been painted in to make them more readable.
At the memorial on May 9, 1970, President Richard Nixon had a middle-of-the-night impromptu, brief meeting with protesters who, just days after the Kent State shootings, were preparing to march against the Vietnam War.
Article: Viva la Vida
Section: In popular culture

Question: When did the song "Viva la Vida" become available for download in the game Rock Band 3?

 Coldplay performed the song at the Closing Ceremony of London 2012 (the ceremony to mark the end of the Paralympic Games, and so also the end of the summer of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics).
 The song was performed simultaneously by amateur musicians across the U.K on 9 September 2012 as part of the Bandstand Marathon, the finale event of the London 2012 Festival.
 It was the last song played by Chris Moyles on his final BBC Radio 1 breakfast show on Friday 14 September 2012, the longest-running breakfast show in BBC Radio 1's history.
 Coldplay performed some of the song live in "The Simpsons" episode "Million Dollar Maybe".
 The song was used in the official soundtrack for "The Big Year"
 The song was played to the crew of the Space Shuttle Atlantis to wake them up on day two of STS-135, the final mission of the Space Shuttle program.
It was played for crew member Douglas Hurley.
 The song was used as a fanfare to welcome the Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (better known as the "Red Lions") during the National Day celebrations of 2011 in Singapore.
 The song was used by the People's Part of Freedom and Democracy of the Netherlands (VVD) when Party Leader and Prime Minister Mark Rutte walked on stage to present his acceptance speech after winning the 2012 parliamentary elections.
 The song also appears on NBA 2K13 and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 as part of the game's soundtrack.
 "Viva la Vida" has also been spoofed in a music video titled "Fallen Kingdom", created by YouTube's CaptainSparklez and TryHardNinja.
 This song has since been used as the main theme of Indonesian television channel ANTV, as part of the channel's 20th anniversary.
The song is the theme song of the Christian radio show Issues, Etc.
 As of 8 October 2011, the song has been made available for download in Rock Band 3 as by itself or as part of the "Coldplay Collection 1" track pack.
Article: Sien (Van Gogh series)
Section: Estrangement from family

Question: Who did Van Gogh fall in love with in 1881?

In the summer of 1881, van Gogh fell in love with his recently widowed cousin, Kee Vos Stricker.
He proposed marriage, but was rebuffed with an adamant "no, nay, never" (""nooit, neen, nimmer"").
Undeterred, he nevertheless continued to press his attentions despite the increasing dismay and disapproval of his family which eventually led to his leaving the family home for a while to study drawing at The Hague with his cousin-in-law Anton Mauve.
Mauve was a successful and noted artist, a leading member of the Hague School and a master colorist whose paintings found a ready market both home and abroad.
He had married van Gogh's cousin, Ariëtte (Jet) Carbentus, in 1874 while she was still very young and he was already established and successful, and as such was lionised by the van Gogh family.
At the time, he was busy with his massive "Fishing Boat on the Beach" that he was preparing for the next year's Salon, but he nevertheless found time for van Gogh to advise him on his drawings, inviting him to return in a few months time to review progress.
After a last, humiliating, effort to win Kee over, an episode that put an end to his religious faith for ever, Van Gogh returned to his parents' home in Etten in late 1881.
On Christmas Day that year he refused to attend church, provoking a violent quarrel with his father, a pastor, which resulted in his leaving home the very same day.
He returned to The Hague and studied further under Mauve.
Mauve helped him to establish a modest studio on the Schenkweg on the outer fringes of The Hague, lending him money to purchase furniture, and introduced him to the Pulchri Studio, The Hague's most important art society in which he himself played a major role.
He also introduced Van Gogh to painting, first in oils and then with watercolor.
Article: The Usual Suspects
Section: Abstract

Question: The title "The Usual Suspects" is derived from a line featured in which movie?

The Usual Suspects is a 1995 American crime-thriller film directed by Bryan Singer and written by Christopher McQuarrie.
It stars Stephen Baldwin, Gabriel Byrne, Benicio del Toro, Chazz Palminteri, Kevin Pollak, Pete Postlethwaite, and Kevin Spacey.
The film follows the interrogation of Roger "Verbal" Kint, a small-time con man who is one of only two survivors of a massacre and fire on a ship docked at the Port of Los Angeles.
He tells an interrogator a convoluted story about events that led him and four other criminals to the boat, and of a mysterious mob boss known as Keyser Söze who commissioned their work.
Using flashback and narration, Kint's story becomes increasingly complex.
The film, shot on a $6 million budget, began as a title taken from a column in "Spy" magazine called "The Usual Suspects", after one of Claude Rains' most memorable lines in the classic film "Casablanca."
Singer thought it would make a good title for a film, the poster for which he and McQuarrie had developed as the first visual idea.
"The Usual Suspects" was shown out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival, and then initially released in a few theaters.
It received favorable reviews, and was eventually given a wider release.
McQuarrie won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) and Spacey won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance.
Article: Orange Is the New Black
Section: Critical reception

Question: What was the Metacritic score for Season 1?

"Orange Is the New Black" has received positive reviews from critics.
For Season 1, Metacritic gives a score of 79/100 based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.
Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 89%, with an average rating of 8.4/10 based on 37 reviews.
The site's consensus is ""Orange Is the New Black" is a sharp mix of black humor and dramatic heft, with interesting characters and an intriguing flashback structure.
"Hank Steuver, television critic for "The Washington Post", gave "Orange Is the New Black" a perfect score.
In his review of the series, he stated: "In Jenji Kohan's magnificent and thoroughly engrossing new series, "Orange Is the New Black", prison is still the pits.
But it is also filled with the entire range of human emotion and stories, all of which are brought vividly to life in a world where a stick of gum could ignite either a romance or a death threat".
David Wiegand, of the "San Francisco Chronicle", said that "In every case, there is an abiding feeling for character and authenticity that helps elevate "Orange Is the New Black" to a new definition of television excellence".
Matt Roush, of "TV Guide", said: "Netflix finally achieves its eureka moment with a terrifically entertaining piece of original programming that's truly and bracingly original."
Maureen Ryan, of "The Huffington Post", wrote: ""Orange" is one of the best new programs of the year, and the six episodes I've seen have left me hungry to see more."
Article: October Revolution
Section: Impact of the dissolution of the USSR on historical research

Question: In which year did the USSR collapse?

The dissolution of the USSR had an impact on historical interpretations of the October Revolution.
Since 1991, increasing access to large amounts of Soviet archival materials made it possible to re‑examine the October Revolution.
Though both Western and Russian historians now have access to many of these archives, the impact of the dissolution of the USSR can be seen most clearly in the work of historians in the former USSR.
While the disintegration essentially helped solidify the Western and Revisionist views, post-USSR Russian historians largely repudiated the former Soviet historical interpretation of the Revolution.
In other words, the established Soviet view of the October Revolution has been challenged, and consequently “Russian historians’ outlook has come closer to that of their Western conferes.” As Stephen Kotkin argues, 1991 prompted “a return to political history and the apparent resurrection of totalitarianism, the interpretive view that, in different ways…revisionists sought to bury”.
In other words, after 1991, there has been the revival among some historians of the “continuity thesis”, the idea that there was an uncomplicated, natural evolution from the October Revolution’s organizational structure to Stalin’s Gulags.
Article: This Is Not a Film
Section: Abstract

Question: When was "This Is Not A Film" released?

This Is Not a Film () is an Iranian documentary film by Jafar Panahi and Mojtaba Mirtahmasb.
It was released on 28 September 2011 in France, distributed by Kanibal Films Distribution.
The film was smuggled from Iran to Cannes in a flash drive hidden inside a birthday cake.
It was specially screened at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and later at the New York Film Festival, and others.
It also took part in the International Competition of the 27th Warsaw International Film Festival.
Article: World War II
Section: Mediterranean (1940–41)

Question: When did Germany invade Yugoslavia and Greece?

Mediterranean (1940–41).
Italy began operations in the Mediterranean, initiating a siege of Malta in June, conquering British Somaliland in August, and making an incursion into British-held Egypt in September 1940.
In October 1940, Italy started the Greco-Italian War due to Mussolini's jealousy of Hitler's success but within days was repulsed and pushed back into Albania, where a stalemate soon occurred.
The United Kingdom responded to Greek requests for assistance by sending troops to Crete and providing air support to Greece.
Hitler decided to take action against Greece when the weather improved to assist the Italians and prevent the British from gaining a foothold in the Balkans, to strike against the British naval dominance of the Mediterranean, and to secure his hold on Romanian oil.
In December 1940, British Commonwealth forces began counter-offensives against Italian forces in Egypt and Italian East Africa.
The offensive in North Africa was highly successful and by early February 1941 Italy had lost control of eastern Libya and large numbers of Italian troops had been taken prisoner.
The Italian Navy also suffered significant defeats, with the Royal Navy putting three Italian battleships out of commission by a carrier attack at Taranto, and neutralising several more warships at the Battle of Cape Matapan.
The Germans soon intervened to assist Italy.
Hitler sent German forces to Libya in February, and by the end of March they had launched an offensive which drove back the Commonwealth forces who had been weakened to support Greece.
In under a month, Commonwealth forces were pushed back into Egypt with the exception of the besieged port of Tobruk.
The Commonwealth attempted to dislodge Axis forces in May and again in June, but failed on both occasions.
By late March 1941, following Bulgaria's signing of the Tripartite Pact, the Germans were in position to intervene in Greece.
Plans were changed, however, due to developments in neighbouring Yugoslavia.
The Yugoslav government had signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March, only to be overthrown two days later by a British-encouraged coup.
Hitler viewed the new regime as hostile and immediately decided to eliminate it.
On 6 April Germany simultaneously invaded both Yugoslavia and Greece, making rapid progress and forcing both nations to surrender within the month.
The British were driven from the Balkans after Germany conquered the Greek island of Crete by the end of May.
Although the Axis victory was swift, bitter partisan warfare subsequently broke out against the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, which continued until the end of the war.
The Allies did have some successes during this time.
In the Middle East, Commonwealth forces first quashed an uprising in Iraq which had been supported by German aircraft from bases within Vichy-controlled Syria, then, with the assistance of the Free French, invaded Syria and Lebanon to prevent further such occurrences.
Article: Battle of Austerlitz
Section: Rewards

Question: How many francs were provided to the higher officers?

Napoleon's words to his troops after the battle were full of praise: "Soldats!
Je suis content de vous" ().
The Emperor provided two million golden francs to the higher officers and 200 francs to each soldier, with large pensions for the widows of the fallen.
Orphaned children were adopted by Napoleon personally and were allowed to add "Napoleon" to their baptismal and family names.
This battle is one of four that Napoleon never awarded a victory title, the others being Marengo, Jena and Friedland.
Article: Chocolate
Section: Etymology

Question: What language does the word chocolate come from?

The word "chocolate" entered the English language from Spanish.
How the word came into Spanish is less certain, and there are competing explanations.
Perhaps the most cited explanation is that "chocolate" comes from Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, from the word "chocolātl", which many sources derived from "xocolātl" , from "xococ" 'sour' or 'bitter', and "ātl" 'water' or 'drink'.
However, as William Bright noted, the word "chocolatl" does not occur in central Mexican colonial sources, making this an unlikely derivation.
Santamaria gives a derivation from the Yucatec Maya word "chokol" meaning 'hot', and the Nahuatl "atl" meaning 'water'.
Sophie and Michael D. Coe agree with this etymology.
Pointing to various sources dating from the time of the Spanish conquest, they identify "cacahuatl" ("cacao water") as the original Nahuatl word for the cold beverage consumed by the Aztecs.
Noting that using a word with "caca" in it to describe a thick brown beverage would not have gone over well with most speakers of Spanish because "caca" means 'faeces' in Spanish, the Coes suggest that the Spanish colonisers combined the Nahuatl "atl" with the Yucatec Maya "chocol", for, unlike the Aztec, the Maya tended to drink chocolate heated.
The Spanish preferred the warm Mayan preparation of the beverage to the cold Aztec one, and so the colonisers substituted "chocol" in place of the culturally unacceptable "caca".
More recently, Dakin and Wichmann derive it from another Nahuatl term, "chicolatl" from eastern Nahuatl, meaning "beaten drink".
They derive this term from the word for the frothing stick, "chicoli".
However, the Coes write that "xicalli" referred to the gourd out of which the beverage was consumed and that the use of a frothing stick (known as a "molinillo") was a product of creolisation between the Spanish and Aztec; the original frothing method used by the indigenous people was simply pouring the drink from a height into another vessel.
Article: Terminator Salvation
Section: Abstract

Question: In what year did  Terminator Salvation come out?

Terminator Salvation is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by McG and starring Christian Bale and Sam Worthington.
It is the fourth installment in the "Terminator" series.
In a departure from the previous installments, which were set between 1984 and 2004 and used time travel as a key plot element, "Salvation" is set in 2018 and focuses on the war between Skynet and humanity, with the human Resistance fighting against Skynet's killing machines.
Bale portrays John Connor, a Resistance fighter and the franchise's central character, while Worthington portrays cyborg Marcus Wright.
"Terminator Salvation" also features Anton Yelchin as a young Kyle Reese, a character first introduced in "The Terminator", and depicts the origin of the T-800 Model 101 Terminator.
After a troubled pre-production, with The Halcyon Company acquiring the rights for the franchise from Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar and several writers working on the screenplay, filming began in May 2008 in New Mexico and ran for 77 days.
"Terminator Salvation" was released on May 21, 2009 in the United States and Canada, followed by early June releases in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
Warner Bros. handled the North America release and Columbia Pictures the international one.
The film grossed over $371 million worldwide, but received negative reviews which criticized the story and the absence of Arnold Schwarzenegger, who was replaced by a digital computer graphics version.