community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Bacon
Section: Process

Question: Why are pork bellies put into a tumbler?

First, pork bellies are sorted by size and fat percentage.
They are then placed into a large machine that rotates (often called a tumbler).
This softens the bellies, which makes it easier to remove the rinds.
The bellies are then cut, either manually or mechanically, to remove the skin from the meat.
The skins may be used to be processed into pork rinds.
The bacon is then treated by a brine solution.
The brine solution may contain the flavorings, or the flavorings may be added later.
After being brined, the bacon is smoked.
Depending on where the bacon is made, the smoking process is different.
The bacon is then cooked in an oven and soon after chilled for a few days.
The cooling makes the meat firm which makes it easier to slice.
After being cooled, the bacon is sliced into strips.
The bacon is then cooked.
The fat that cooks off the bacon is sometimes collected to be used for things like gravy and pet foods.
The bacon strips are then ready for consumption.
If the bacon is made for commercial use then the strips are packaged.
Article: Portrait of Dr. Gachet
Section: Original version

Question: What year was the painting put into a hidden room?

Original version.
First sold in 1897 by Van Gogh's sister-in-law for 300 francs, the painting was subsequently bought by Paul Cassirer (1904), Kessler (1904), and Druet (1910).
In 1911, the painting was acquired by the Städel (Städtische Galerie) in Frankfurt, Germany and hung there until 1933, when the painting was put in a hidden room.
The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda confiscated the work in 1937 as part of its campaign to rid Germany of so-called degenerate art, leading to Hermann Göring hurriedly selling it to a dealer in Amsterdam.
The dealer in turn sold it to collector Siegfried Kramarsky, who brought it with him when he fled to New York, where the work was often lent to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Kramarsky's family put the painting up for auction at Christie's New York on May 15, 1990, where it became famous for Ryoei Saito, honorary chairman of Daishowa Paper Manufacturing Co., paying US$82.5 million for it, making it then the world's most expensive painting.
Remarkably, two days later Saito would buy Renoir's Bal du moulin de la Galette for a nearly-as-much $78.1 million at Sotheby's.
The 75-year old Japanese businessman briefly caused a scandal when he said he would have the Van Gogh painting cremated with him after his death, though his aides later claimed Saito threatening to torch the masterpiece was just an expression of intense affection for it.
Though he later said he would consider giving the painting to the Japanese government or a museum, no information has been made public about the exact location and ownership of the portrait since his death in 1996.
Reports in 2007 have claimed the painting was sold a decade earlier to the Austrian-born investment fund manager Wolfgang Flöttl.
Flöttl, in turn, had reportedly been forced by financial reversals to sell the painting to parties as yet unknown.
Article: Norway
Section: Bronze Age

Question: When did usage of bronze begin to proliferate in Norway?

Between 3000 and 2500 BC new settlers (Corded Ware culture) arrived in eastern Norway.
They were Indo-European farmers who grew grain and kept cows and sheep.
The hunting-fishing population of the west coast was also gradually replaced by farmers, though hunting and fishing remained useful secondary means of livelihood.
From about 1500 BC bronze was gradually introduced, but the use of stone implements continued; Norway had few riches to barter for bronze goods, and the few finds consist mostly of elaborate weapons and brooches that only chieftains could afford.
Huge burial cairns built close to the sea as far north as Harstad and also inland in the south are characteristic of this period.
The motifs of the rock carvings differ from those typical of the Stone Age.
Representations of the Sun, animals, trees, weapons, ships, and people are all strongly stylised.
Article: Curry
Section: Curries of Maharashtra

Question: In what area of Maharashtra is peanut power added to the curries?

The curries of Maharashtra vary from mildly spicy to very spicy and include vegetarian, mutton, chicken and fish.
Coastal Maharashtrian – Konkani – curries use coconut extensively along with spices.
In western Maharashtra, curries are very spicy and groundnut (peanut) powder is often added to it.
Vidarbha's cuisine is usually spicier than that of the coastal and southern regions.
The ingredients commonly used are besan, or chickpea flour, and groundnut powder.
As a result of the long Islamic Moghul rule in the region, the cuisine of Aurangabad has been highly influenced by the North Indian method of cooking.
Khandeshi food is very spicy and the most famous dish is Shev bhaji.
Others include brinjal wange, che bharit, Udidachi dal, Bharleli wangi, thecha bhakari, and spicy mutton.
Most of the people are farmers so their traditional food is very simple.
Article: Vietnam
Section: Administrative subdivisions

Question: How many provinces is Vietnam divided into?

Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces (Vietnamese: "tỉnh", from the Chinese 省, "shěng").
There are also five municipalities ("thành phố trực thuộc trung ương"), which are administratively on the same level as provinces.
The provinces are subdivided into provincial municipalities ("thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh"), townships ("thị xã") and counties ("huyện"), which are in turn subdivided into towns ("thị trấn") or communes ("xã").
The centrally controlled municipalities are subdivided into districts ("quận") and counties, which are further subdivided into wards ("phường").
Article: World War II
Section: Axis advance stalls (1942–43)

Question: When did the Americans extract a British commitment to limit Allied operations in the mediterranean?

Axis advance stalls (1942–43).
In January, the United States, Britain, Soviet Union, China, and 22 smaller or exiled governments issued the Declaration by United Nations, thereby affirming the Atlantic Charter, and agreeing to not to sign separate peace with the Axis powers.
During 1942 Allied officials debated on the appropriate grand strategy to pursue.
All agreed that defeating Germany was the primary objective.
The Americans favoured a straightforward, large-scale attack on Germany through France.
The Soviets were also demanding a second front.
The British, on the other hand, argued that military operations should target peripheral areas in order to throw a "ring" around Germany which would wear out German strength, lead to increasing demoralisation, and bolster resistance forces.
Germany itself would be subject to a heavy bombing campaign.
An offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour without using large-scale armies.
Eventually, the British persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa.
At the Casablanca Conference in early 1943 the Allies issued a declaration declaring that they would not negotiate with their enemies and demanded their unconditional surrender.
The British and Americans agreed to continue to press the initiative in the Mediterranean by invading Sicily to fully secure the Mediterranean supply routes.
Although the British argued for further operations in the Balkans to bring Turkey into the war, in May 1943 the Americans extracted a British commitment to limit Allied operations in the Mediterranean to an invasion of the Italian mainland and to invade France in 1944.
Article: Microscope
Section: Electron microscopy

Question: When was the first commerical scanning election microscope developed?

In the early 1900s a significant alternative to light microscopy was developed, using electrons rather than light to generate the image.
Ernst Ruska started development of the first electron microscope in 1931 which was the transmission electron microscope (TEM).
The transmission electron microscope works on the same principle as an optical microscope but uses electrons in the place of light and electromagnets in the place of glass lenses.
Use of electrons instead of light allows a much higher resolution.
Development of the transmission electron microscope was quickly followed in 1935 by the development of the scanning electron microscope by Max Knoll.
Electron microscopes quickly became popular following the Second World War.
Ernst Ruska, working at Siemens developed the first commercial transmission electron microscope and major scientific conferences on electron microscopy started being held in the 1950s.
In 1965 the first commercial scanning electron microscope was developed by Professor Sir Charles Oatley and his postgraduate student Gary Stewart and marketed by the Cambridge Instrument Company as the "Stereoscan".
Article: Dexter (TV series)
Section: Video game

Question: Has any additional content for the game been released?

Other media.
Video game.
A video game based on "Dexter" developed by Icarus Studios and based on the events of season one, was released on September 13, 2009.
It is available for the iPhone platform in the iTunes App Store.
The game was released on the iPad on October 15, 2010, and on PC on February 15, 2011.
The cast and crew of "Dexter" have been very supportive, with some of the cast providing full voice work for the game, including Michael C. Hall.
The game has received many positive reviews, including an 8/10 from IGN.
No additional content for the game has been released or announced as planned.
Plans to release the game on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 seem to have been cancelled, as there has been no recent information regarding expansion of the game onto these platforms.
Article: Sushi
Section: History

Question: Who invented sushi

The original type of sushi, known today as "nare-zushi" (,) was first made in Southeast Asia, possibly along what is now known as the Mekong River.
The term "sushi" comes from an archaic grammatical form no longer used in other contexts; literally, "sushi" means "sour-tasting", a reflection of its historic fermented origins.
The oldest form of sushi in Japan, "narezushi", still very closely resembles this process, wherein fish is fermented via being wrapped in soured fermenting rice.
The fish proteins break down via fermentation into their constituent amino acids.
The fermenting rice and fish results in a sour taste and also one of the five basic tastes, called "umami" in Japanese.
Contemporary Japanese sushi has little resemblance to the traditional lacto-fermented rice dish.
Originally, when the fermented fish was taken out of the rice, only the fish was consumed while the fermented rice was discarded.
The strong-tasting and smelling "funazushi", a kind of "narezushi" made near Lake Biwa in Japan, resembles the traditional fermented dish.
Beginning in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) of Japan, vinegar was added to the mixture for better taste and preservation.
The vinegar accentuated the rice's sourness and was known to increase its shelf life, allowing the fermentation process to be shortened and eventually abandoned.
In the following centuries, sushi in Osaka evolved into "oshi-zushi".
The seafood and rice were pressed using wooden (usually bamboo) molds.
By the mid 18th century, this form of sushi had reached Edo (contemporary Tokyo).
The contemporary version, internationally known as "sushi", was created by Hanaya Yohei (1799–1858) at the end of the Edo period in Edo.
Sushi invented by Hanaya was an early form of fast food that was not fermented (therefore prepared quickly) and could be conveniently eaten with one's hands.
Originally, this sushi was known as "Edomae zushi" because it used freshly caught fish in the "Edo-mae" (Edo Bay or Tokyo Bay).
Though the fish used in modern sushi no longer usually comes from Tokyo Bay, it is still formally known as "Edomae nigirizushi".
The "Oxford English Dictionary" notes the earliest written mention of sushi in English in an 1893 book, "A Japanese Interior", where it mentions sushi as ""a roll of cold rice with fish, sea-weed, or some other flavoring"".
However, there is also mention of sushi in a Japanese-English dictionary from 1873, and an 1879 article on Japanese cookery in the journal "Notes and Queries".
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Production design

Question: Whose visual style affected Men in Black 3 the most?

Concept artist Tully Summers commented on Nolan's style of cinematography when asked about the difference between his designs for this film and fantasy-based designs for "Men in Black 3": "The difference for me was Christopher Nolan's visual style.
One of the things that makes his Batman movies so compelling is their tone of plausibility.
He will often prefer a raw, grittier design over one that is very sleek and product design pretty.
It's sort of a practical military aesthetic.
This stuff is made to work, not impress shoppers.
"The Dark Knight Rises" is a war film."
Producer Emma Thomas stated this Batman film has a different visual aesthetic from the first two Nolan-directed features, explaining that "it's meant to be winter in Gotham, so that right there is going to lend a whole different look to the film.
"The film introduces a vehicle that has been compared with the Batplane, dubbed "the Bat".
In designing the Bat, Nathan Crowley approached it as if it were an actual military project, emphasising the need for it to "fit into the same family" as the Tumbler and the Batpod.
The final version of the Bat takes its design cues from the Harrier Jump Jet, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey and the Boeing AH-64 Apache.
Chris Corbould described the Bat's size and shape as presenting a major challenge for filming given Christopher Nolan's emphasis on practical effects over computer-generated imagery.
In order to make the Bat "fly", it was variously supported by wires, suspended from cranes and helicopters, and mounted on a purpose-built vehicle with hydraulic controls to simulate movement.
When designing the Batcave set, Crowley and fellow production designer Kevin Kavanaugh hit upon the idea of flooding the Batcave and having Batman's equipment, the Batsuit and a supercomputer rise from the water.
Another set was designed at Cardington as an "underground prison", a rough-hewn labyrinth of stone cells in a vast abyss with a vertical shaft leading to the surface.
Exteriors above the prison were filmed in Jodhpur, India, chosen because the "forbidding landscape added to the desolation".
Article: Juice
Section: Health benefits

Question: How much juice should kids 1-6 years old get a day?

Juices are often consumed for their perceived health benefits.
For example, orange juice is rich in vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, is an excellent source of bioavailable antioxidant phytochemicals and significantly improves blood lipid profiles in people affected with hypercholesterolemia.
Prune juice is associated with a digestive health benefit.
Cranberry juice has long been known to help prevent or even treat bladder infections, and it is now known that a substance in cranberries prevents bacteria from binding to the bladder.
Many fruit juices have a higher sugar (fructose) content than sweetened soft drinks; e.g., typical grape juice has 50% more sugar than Coca-Cola.
While soft drinks (e.g.
Coca-Cola) cause oxidative stress when ingested and may even lead to insulin resistance in the long term, the same thing cannot be attributed to fruit juices.
On the contrary, fruit juices are actually known for their ability to raise serum antioxidant capacity and even offset the oxidative stress and inflammation normally caused by high-fat and high-sugar meals.
Fruit juice consumption overall in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the US has increased in recent years, probably due to public perception of juices as a healthy natural source of nutrients and increased public interest in health issues.
Indeed, fruit juice intake has been consistently associated with reduced risk of many cancer types, might be protective against stroke and delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
The perception of commercial fruit juice as equal in health benefit to fresh fruit has been questioned, mainly because it lacks fiber and has often been highly processed.
High-fructose corn syrup, an ingredient of many juice cocktails, has been linked to the increased incidence of type II diabetes.
High consumption of juice is also linked to weight gain in some studies, but not in others.
In a controlled clinical study, regular consumption of grape juice for 12 weeks did not cause any weight gain in volunteers, but consumption of a soft drink did.
Fruit juice in moderate amounts can help children and adults meet daily recommendations for fruit consumption, nutrient intake and calories.
The American Academy of Pediatrics says that fruit juice should not be given to infants before 6 months of age.
For children ages 1 to 6, intake of fruit juice should be limited to 4 to 6 ounces per day (about a half to three-quarters of a cup).
Giving children excessive juice can lead to poor nutrition, diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, bloating, and tooth decay.
Article: Human swimming
Section: Occupation

Question: Who in the military swims?

Some occupations require the workers to swim.
For example, abalone- or pearl-divers swim and dive to obtain an economic benefit, as do spear fishermen.
Swimming is used to rescue people in the water who may be in distress, including tired swimmers, non-swimmers who have accidentally entered the water, or water users who have come to harm.
Lifeguards or volunteer lifesavers are deployed at many pools and beaches worldwide to fulfill this purpose, and they, as well as rescue swimmers, may use specific swimming styles for rescue purposes.
Swimming is also used in marine biology to observe plants and animals in their natural habitat.
Other sciences use swimming, for example Konrad Lorenz swam with geese as part of his studies of animal behavior.
Swimming also has military purposes.
Military swimming is usually done by special forces, such as Navy SEALs.
Swimming is used to approach a location, gather intelligence, sabotage or combat, and to depart a location.
This may also include airborne insertion into water or exiting a submarine while it is submerged.
Due to regular exposure to large bodies of water, all recruits in the United States Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard are required to complete basic swimming or water survival training.
Swimming is also a professional sport.
Companies sponsor swimmers who are at the international level.
Many swimmers compete competitively in order to represent their home country in the olympics.
Cash awards are also given at many of the major competitions for breaking records.
Professional swimmers may also earn a living as entertainers, performing in water ballets.
Article: Black hole
Section: Event horizon

Question: What is the effect where clocks near a black hole appear to tick more slowly?

The defining feature of a black hole is the appearance of an event horizon—a boundary in spacetime through which matter and light can only pass inward towards the mass of the black hole.
Nothing, not even light, can escape from inside the event horizon.
The event horizon is referred to as such because if an event occurs within the boundary, information from that event cannot reach an outside observer, making it impossible to determine if such an event occurred.
As predicted by general relativity, the presence of a mass deforms spacetime in such a way that the paths taken by particles bend towards the mass.
At the event horizon of a black hole, this deformation becomes so strong that there are no paths that lead away from the black hole.
To a distant observer, clocks near a black hole appear to tick more slowly than those further away from the black hole.
Due to this effect, known as gravitational time dilation, an object falling into a black hole appears to slow down as it approaches the event horizon, taking an infinite time to reach it.
At the same time, all processes on this object slow down, for a fixed outside observer, causing emitted light to appear redder and dimmer, an effect known as gravitational redshift.
Eventually, at a point just before it reaches the event horizon, the falling object becomes so dim that it can no longer be seen.
On the other hand, an indestructible observer falling into a black hole does not notice any of these effects as he crosses the event horizon.
According to his own clock, which appears to him to tick normally, he crosses the event horizon after a finite time without noting any singular behaviour.
In particular, he is unable to determine exactly when he crosses it, as it is impossible to determine the location of the event horizon from local observations.
The shape of the event horizon of a black hole is always approximately spherical.
For non-rotating (static) black holes the geometry is precisely spherical, while for rotating black holes the sphere is somewhat oblate.
Article: Dallas Buyers Club
Section: Differences between the film and reality

Question: Were Rayon and Dr. Eve real or fake?

The characters of Rayon and Dr. Eve Saks were fictional; the writers had interviewed transgender AIDS patients, activists, and doctors for the film and combined these stories to create the two composite supporting roles.
However, Woodroof did lose all his friends after they found out he was HIV-positive.
In his interviews with Borten, Woodroof implied that this, along with interactions with gay people living with AIDS through the buyers club, led to a rethinking of his apparent anti-gay sentiments and changed his views on gay people.
Other people who knew him said that he did not harbor anti-gay sentiments and was himself bisexual.
Also, while a rodeo enthusiast, he never rode any bulls himself.
Although the film shows Woodroof diagnosed in 1985, he told Borten that a doctor had informed him he might have the disease well before that; Woodroof believed he may have been infected in 1981, something that was briefly alluded to in a flashback in the film.
While Woodroof was known for outlandish behavior, according to those who knew him, both the film and McConaughey made him rougher than he actually was, describing him as "outrageous, but not confrontational" and not as obviously anti-gay earlier in his life.
The real Woodroof also had an ex-wife, Brenda, a daughter and a sister who were not approached by the writers and were left out of the script to make the film more of a character study.
Article: Dexter (TV series)
Section: Awards and nominations

Question: When was Dexter from Showtime nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award?

"Dexter" was nominated for 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, in the category of Outstanding Drama Series four times in a row, from 2008 to 2011, and Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series (for Michael C. Hall) five times in a row, from 2008 to 2012.
It has also been nominated for nine Golden Globe Awards (winning two) and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards.
On December 14, 2006, Michael C. Hall was nominated for a Golden Globe Award at the 64th Golden Globe Awards.
In 2008, the show was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for its second season (Showtime's first ever drama to be nominated for the award), and its star for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.
It won neither, losing to "Mad Men" and to "Breaking Bad" actor Bryan Cranston.
In 2010, Hall and John Lithgow, in their respective categories, won a Golden Globe for their performances, on the same night, for their work in season four.