community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Taco
Section: Puffy tacos, taco kits, breakfast tacos and tacodillas

Question: When did the puffy taco before popular?

Since at least 1978, a variation called the "puffy taco" has been popular.
"Henry's Puffy Tacos", opened by Henry Lopez in San Antonio, Texas, claims to have invented the variation, in which uncooked corn tortillas (flattened balls of masa dough) are quickly fried in hot oil until they expand and become "puffy".
Fillings are similar to hard-shell versions.
Restaurants offering this style of taco have since appeared in other Texas cities, as well as in California, where Henry's brother, Arturo Lopez, opened "Arturo's Puffy Taco" in Whittier, not long after Henry's opened.
Henry's continues to thrive, managed by the family's second generation.
Kits are available at grocery and convenience stores and usually consist of taco shells (corn tortillas already fried in a U-shape), seasoning mix and taco sauce.
Commercial vendors for the home market also market soft taco kits with tortillas instead of taco shells.
The breakfast taco, found in Tex-Mex cuisine, is filled with meat, eggs, or cheese, with other ingredients.
The tacodilla contains melted cheese in between the two folded tortillas, thus resembling a quesadilla.
Article: DNA
Section: Genetic engineering

Question: Why are genetically modified organisms used?

Uses in technology.
Genetic engineering.
Methods have been developed to purify DNA from organisms, such as phenol-chloroform extraction, and to manipulate it in the laboratory, such as restriction digests and the polymerase chain reaction.
Modern biology and biochemistry make intensive use of these techniques in recombinant DNA technology.
Recombinant DNA is a man-made DNA sequence that has been assembled from other DNA sequences.
They can be transformed into organisms in the form of plasmids or in the appropriate format, by using a viral vector.
The genetically modified organisms produced can be used to produce products such as recombinant proteins, used in medical research, or be grown in agriculture.
Article: Great Depression
Section: Monetarist

Question: Today it is widely agreed upon that the cause of the Great Depression came from inaction on the part of which governmental body?

Monetarists, including Milton Friedman, argue that the Great Depression was mainly caused by monetary contraction, the consequence of poor policy-making by the American Federal Reserve System and continued crisis in the banking system.
In this view, the Federal Reserve, by not acting, allowed the money supply as measured by the M2 to shrink by one-third from 1929–1933, thereby transforming a normal recession into the Great Depression.
Friedman argued that the downward turn in the economy, starting with the stock market crash, would have been just another recession.
The Federal Reserve allowed some large public bank failures – particularly that of the New York Bank of the United States – which produced panic and widespread runs on local banks, and the Federal Reserve sat idly by while banks collapsed.
He claimed that, if the Fed had provided emergency lending to these key banks, or simply bought government bonds on the open market to provide liquidity and increase the quantity of money after the key banks fell, all the rest of the banks would not have fallen after the large ones did, and the money supply would not have fallen as far and as fast as it did.
With significantly less money to go around, businessmen could not get new loans and could not even get their old loans renewed, forcing many to stop investing.
This interpretation blames the Federal Reserve for inaction, especially the New York branch.
One reason why the Federal Reserve did not act to limit the decline of the money supply was regulation.
At that time, the amount of credit the Federal Reserve could issue was limited by the Federal Reserve Act, which required 40% gold backing of Federal Reserve Notes issued.
By the late 1920s, the Federal Reserve had almost hit the limit of allowable credit that could be backed by the gold in its possession.
This credit was in the form of Federal Reserve demand notes.
A "promise of gold" is not as good as "gold in the hand", particularly when they only had enough gold to cover 40% of the Federal Reserve Notes outstanding.
During the bank panics a portion of those demand notes were redeemed for Federal Reserve gold.
Since the Federal Reserve had hit its limit on allowable credit, any reduction in gold in its vaults had to be accompanied by a greater reduction in credit.
On April 5, 1933, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 6102 making the private ownership of gold certificates, coins and bullion illegal, reducing the pressure on Federal Reserve gold.
Article: Snowboarding
Section: Films

Question: In what year was "The Crash Reel" first shown?

Snowboarding films have become a main part of progression in the sport.
Each season, many films are released, usually in Autumn.
These are made by many snowboard specific video production companies as well as manufacturing companies that use these films as a form of advertisement.
Snowboarding videos usually contain video footage of professional riders sponsored by companies.
An example of commercial use of snowboarding films would be "The White Album", a film by snowboarding legend and filmmaker Dave Seoane about Shaun White, that includes cameos by Tony Hawk and was sponsored by PlayStation, Mountain Dew and Burton Snowboards.
Snowboarding films are also used as documentation of snowboarding and showcasing of current trends and styles of the sport.
However, sometimes the snowboarding industry is not supportive of all snowboarding-themed films.
In 2013, "The Crash Reel", a feature-length documentary by filmmaker Lucy Walker about former Shaun White rival Kevin Pearce, premiered on the film festival circuit to critical acclaim and was subsequently broadcast on HBO.
Using Pearce's career-ending traumatic brain injury and subsequent recovery as a backdrop, the film examines the physical dangers inherent to pro snowboarders and other extreme sports professional athletes under pressure by sponsors and the media to perform increasingly spectacular feats.
Although there are significant references to various brands in the film, Walker is "adamant" that the snowboarding industry did not sponsor the film in any way and in fact has been unsupportive, despite the film's mainstream media success.
Article: Rules of Engagement (TV series)
Section: Major recurring characters

Question: Who is the actress that plays Doreen?

 Diane Sellers as Doreen, waitress at The Island Diner.
 Wendi McLendon-Covey as Liz, an unlikeable, annoying, unattractive neighbor and friend of Audrey's who lives directly upstairs from the Binghams; for a brief story arc in Season 6 she was married to Russell, but they later separated.
In Season 7, Episode 7, she admitted to Russell that she is a sex addict and that she cheated on him multiple times (with multiple partners) during their brief marriage.
 Sara Rue as Brenda, Jeff’s lesbian softball teammate who agrees to be a surrogate mother for Audrey and Jeff.
 Nazneen Contractor as Suneetha, Timmy’s fiancée in an arranged marriage, who becomes an object of Russell’s affections.
 Susan Yeagley as Tracy, a man-hungry co-worker of Audrey’s.
 Taryn Southern as Allison, the object of Timmy's affections, which blossoms into an intra-office romance, then ends when she moves away and breaks up with Timmy.
 Geoff Pierson as Franklin Dunbar, Russell's wealthy, lecherous father.
 Orlando Jones as Brad, Jeff's gay friend from his gym who eventually makes friends with the rest of the gang.
Article: Set Fire to the Rain
Section: Live performances and usage in media

Question: Where did Adele first perform "Set Fire to the Rain?"

Adele performed the song live for the first time on 29 April on "The Graham Norton Show".
She also performed the track on 3 May at Jools Holland along with the selections "Rolling in the Deep", "Don't You Remember" and "Take It All".
Adele also added the song to the set list of her second worldwide tour.
FX used "Set Fire to the Rain" to promote the final season of "Rescue Me" and the show's series finale.
The song was also featured in promotional ads for the TV series "Ringer" and "Revenge," which brought it airplay in the United States without her label having to release it to radio stations.
It was also used as an "insert theme" on the 2012 Fuji TV series "Iki mo dekinai natsu."
Article: Das Boot
Section: List

Question: What year was the first BBC mini-series based on Das Boot?

 150 minutes (1981, 1982) Theatrical
 209 minutes (1981) unreleased
 300 minutes (1984, 1988) BBC mini-series
 208 minutes (1997) Director's Cut
 293 minutes (2004) "Das Boot: The Original Uncut Version"
Article: Kebab
Section: In Norway

Question: On average, how much does the kebab in Bergen cost?

In Norway, the kebab was introduced by Pakistani and Turkish immigrants during the 1980s.
The kebab has become a symbol of immigration from the Muslim world, and speaking Norwegian with an Arab accent or with a lot of words and expressions borrowed from the Pakistani, Turkish, Arabic, and Persian languages is sometimes referred to as "Kebabnorsk" (Kebab Norwegian).
The kebabs in Norway are served in a variety of ways, commonly in fast-food shops selling both hamburgers and kebabs.
The kebab roll has become increasingly popular, with the kebab not served in pita bread, but rather wrapped in pizza dough (making it look like a spring roll) for easy consumption.
The most "Norwegian" kebab to date is probably the whalemeat kebab sold at the Inferno Metal Festival.
As of 2008, the average price of the kebab in Norway lies around 65 kroner, or about €8.
In Bergen the average price of a kebab is around 50 kr.
In Bergen kebab is most commonly served in the dürüm variety, with two types of sauces, one standard and one optional hot chili variety.
The Norwegian Food Safety Authority in 2007 issued a warning about cheap kebabs.
According to "Verdens Gang" they estimated that more than 80% of kebab shops in Oslo use illegally produced meat.
It was warned that such meat could be dangerous to eat because it could contain salmonella or other bacteria, and that it could be connected to organised crime.
Article: Amélie
Section: Critical response

Question: Alan morrison gave Amelie what rating?

Alan Morrison from "Empire" Online gave "Amélie" five stars and called it "one of the year’s best, with crossover potential along the lines of "Cyrano De Bergerac" and "Il Postino".
Given its quirky heart, it might well surpass them all.
"Paul Tatara from CNN Reviewer praised "Amélie"s playful nature.
In his review, he wrote, "Its whimsical, free-ranging nature is often enchanting; the first hour, in particular, is brimming with amiable, sardonic laughs.
"The film was attacked by critic Serge Kaganski of "Les Inrockuptibles" for an unrealistic and picturesque vision of a bygone French society with few ethnic minorities.
Jeunet dismissed the criticism by pointing out that the photo collection contains pictures of people from numerous ethnic backgrounds, and that Jamel Debbouze, who plays Lucien, is of Moroccan descent.
Article: The Shawshank Redemption
Section: Production

Question: How was the tree damanged in 2011?

Darabont secured the film adaptation rights from author Stephen King after impressing the author with his short film adaptation of "The Woman in the Room" in 1983.
Although the two had become friends and maintained a pen-pal relationship, Darabont did not work with him until four years later in 1987, when he optioned to adapt "Shawshank".
This is one of the more famous Dollar Deals made by King with aspiring filmmakers.
Darabont later directed "The Green Mile" (1999), which was based on another work about a prison by Stephen King, and then followed that up with an adaptation of King's novella "The Mist".
Rob Reiner, who had previously adapted another King novella, "The Body", into the film "Stand by Me" (1986), offered $2.5 million in an attempt to write and direct "Shawshank".
He planned to cast Tom Cruise in the part of Andy and Harrison Ford as Red.
Darabont seriously considered and liked Reiner's vision, but he ultimately decided it was his "chance to do something really great" by directing the film himself.
Though the film is set in Maine, the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio, served as the fictional Shawshank Prison.
Though a large portion of the prison was torn down after filming, the main administration building and two cell blocks remained; the site would be revisited later for filming parts of the film "Air Force One".
Several of the interior shots of the specialized prison facilities, such as the admittance rooms and the warden's office, were shot in the reformatory.
The interior of the boarding room used by Brooks and Red was located in the administration building, though exterior shots were made elsewhere.
The prison site is a tourist attraction.
Internal scenes in the prison cellblocks were actually filmed on a soundstage built inside the nearby shuttered Westinghouse factory.
Downtown scenes were also filmed in Mansfield, as well as neighboring Ashland, Ohio.
The oak tree under which Andy buries his letter to Red is located at , near Malabar Farm State Park, in Lucas, Ohio.
The tree was heavily damaged by straight-line winds in a thunderstorm on July 29, 2011; officials are unsure if the tree will survive.
The film was dedicated to Allen Greene, an agent and a close personal friend of the film's director, Frank Darabont.
Greene died shortly before the film was released due to complications of HIV/AIDS.
Article: Disney California Adventure
Section: Early changes and expansions

Question: What 2 attracted in the Superstar Limo opened in January 2006?

Two of the park's major criticisms in its first year were the lack of attractions appealing to children and the lack of a show or parade at night to keep visitors from leaving at nightfall.
Within the first year of operation, Disney's Electrical Parade and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!
were brought to the park, and several of its original rides and attractions were closed, including Superstar Limo and "Disney's Steps in Time".
Attractions for children were immediately added including A Bug's Land, The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror, and more costumed characters around the park.
Monsters, Inc. Mike & Sulley to the Rescue!
opened in the former Superstar Limo building in January 2006.
Article: Central Park
Section: Fauna

Question: When was a new genus and species of centipedes known as Nannarrup hoffmani discovered in Central Park?

 Birds:
The first official list of birds observed in Central Park was drawn up by Augustus G. Paine, Jr.. Paine was an avid hobby ornithologist and, together with his friend Lewis B. Woodruff, drew up a list of birds counting 235 species.
This was regarded as the first official list and was published in "Forest and Stream" on June 10, 1886.
An article in "The New Yorker" on August 26, 1974 calls attention to this early list.
Over the decades the list has been updated and changed.
The park is frequented by various migratory species of birds during their Spring and Fall migration on the Atlantic Flyway.
Over a quarter of all the bird species found in the United States have been seen in Central Park.
One of these species is the Red-tailed hawk, which re-established a presence in the park when a male hawk known as Pale Male for his light coloration, nested on a building on Fifth Avenue, across the street from the park.
He became a local media celebrity and a prolific breeder.
Central Park was the site of the misguided unleashing of European starlings in North America, a native of Eurasia which has become an invasive species.
In April, 1890, eighty birds were released by Eugene Schieffelin, and the following March another eighty; these one hundred and sixty birds are the progenitors of the flocks which now span the United States and parts of Canada.
 Mammals
* Raccoon ("Procyon lotor"): nocturnal tree dwellers that come down to ground level to feed at night, have become extremely common in Central Park in recent years, prompting the Parks Department to post rabies warnings around certain areas.
* Eastern gray squirrel, or grey squirrel ("Sciurus carolinensis"), is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus native to the eastern and midwestern United States.
* Eastern Chipmunk ("Tamias striatus"): although not commonly sighted, there are chipmunks in Central Park.
* Virginia Opossum ("Didelphis virginiana"): a nocturnal marsupial that rests in trees during the day and searches for food on the ground at night.
 Arthropods: In 2002 a new genus and species of centipede ("Nannarrup hoffmani") was discovered in Central Park.
At about long, it is one of the smallest centipedes in the world.
Article: Ice cream
Section: Deaths

Question: How did a hotel worker in Chicago die in January 1892?

In January 1892, a hotel worker in Chicago died after the huge amount of ice cream he ate "froze up his stomach".
In June 1898, three youths in London died after eating ice cream made with water contaminated with bacteria.
In May 1904, a seven-year-old boy in New York died from eating about half a litre of poisoned ice cream.
The seller of the treat was arrested following his death.
In June 1910, consumption of contaminated ice cream caused an adolescent in Detroit, Michigan, to die of food poisoning.
In November 1938, a 34-year-old father in New York committed suicide with his 10-year-old son by adding poison to both of their ice cream.
In July 1986, a 51-year-old Floridian man died after consuming a tainted ice cream bar by Kraft Foods.
Thereafter, production of the food item was halted and later on permanently stopped.
Article: Moves like Jagger
Section: Critical reception

Question: Who called the concept "very flattering"?

Bill Lamb from About.com gave the song a positive review, giving the single four-and-a-half out of five stars.
Lamb wrote that, "The funky, whistle driven melody here is loose, light, and irresistibly funky.
The punchy guest vocal from fellow judge Christina Aguilera is simply icing on the cake.
There is a real vocal chemistry between Aguilera and Levine."
Lamb called the song an "outstanding summer song", writing that "It is light, danceable, and would sound great in the car with the top down."
Robbie Daw from Idolator wrote that "It takes a full two minutes and 15 seconds for Christina's soulful pipes to begin trilling on "Moves like Jagger."
But once she does, she immediately steals the show."
Daw concluded by writing that "this is the best thing from either of these two in years.
"While naming the song "a contender for 2011's song of the summer", James Dinh from MTV Newsroom wrote that "Adam Levine and Christina Aguilera have turned their friendly rivalry on NBC's "The Voice" into some studio chemistry."
Scott Schelter from Pop Crush awarded "Moves like Jagger" four-and-a-half out of five stars.
Schelter called the song "danceable and fun" and wrote that "the song would've been great even without Aguilera, but her fiery cameo makes it that much better."
Robert Copsey wrote for Digital Spy: " "Take me by the tongue and I'll know you/ Kiss me till you're drunk and I'll show you," Ad insists over a funky, finger-clicking bassline and an irresistible whistle hook that immediately burrows deep into the recesses of your brain.
"If I share my secret/ You're gonna have to keep it," Xtina says on her short, sweet and perfectly-formed cameo.
We've already got your number, love, but our surprise is still 100% genuine.
"Jagger himself acknowledged the song in an interview, calling the concept "very flattering."
Article: Ice cream
Section: Cryogenic

Question: When is eating ice cream dangerous?

Using liquid nitrogen to freeze ice cream is an old idea and has been used for many years to harden ice cream.
The use of liquid nitrogen in the primary freezing of ice cream, that is to effect the transition from the liquid to the frozen state without the use of a conventional ice cream freezer, has only recently started to see commercialization.
Some commercial innovations have been documented in the National Cryogenic Society Magazine "Cold Facts".
The most noted brands are Dippin' Dots, Blue Sky Creamery, Project Creamery, and Sub Zero Cryo Creamery.
The preparation results in a column of white condensed water vapor cloud, reminiscent of popular depictions of witches' cauldrons.
The ice cream, dangerous to eat while still "steaming", is allowed to rest until the liquid nitrogen is completely vaporised.
Sometimes ice cream is frozen to the sides of the container, and must be allowed to thaw.
Making ice cream with liquid nitrogen has advantages over conventional freezing.
Due to the rapid freezing, the crystal grains are smaller, giving the ice cream a creamier texture, and allowing one to get the same texture by using less milkfat.
Such ice crystals will grow very quickly via the processes of recrystallization, thereby obviating the original benefits unless steps are taken to inhibit ice crystal growth.
For similar reasons, good results can also be achieved with the more readily available "dry ice" and authors such as Heston Blumenthal have published recipes to produce ice cream and sorbet using a simple blender.
Article: The Persistence of Memory
Section: Versions

Question: when did dali paint "persistence of memory?"

Dalí returned to the theme of this painting with the variation "The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory" (1954), showing his earlier famous work systematically fragmenting into smaller component elements, and a series of rectangular blocks which reveal further imagery through the gaps between them, implying something beneath the surface of the original work; this work is now in the Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida, while the original "Persistence of Memory" remains at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
Dalí also produced various lithographs and sculptures on the theme of soft watches late in his career.
Some of these sculptures are the "Persistence of Memory", the "Nobility of Time", the "Profile of Time" and the "Three Dancing Watches".