community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Forrest Gump
Section: Abstract

Question: What year was the movie Forest Gump released

Forrest Gump is a 1994 American epic romantic comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom.
The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and starred Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise and Sally Field.
The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump, a naïve and slow-witted yet athletically prodigious native of Alabama who witnesses, and in some cases influences, some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century in the United States; more specifically, the period between Forrest's birth in 1944 and 1982.
The film differs substantially from Winston Groom's novel on which it is based, including Gump's personality and several events that were depicted.
Filming took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate the protagonist into archived footage and to develop other scenes.
A comprehensive soundtrack was featured in the film, using music intended to pinpoint specific time periods portrayed on screen.
Its commercial release made it a top-selling soundtrack, selling over 12 million copies worldwide.
Released in the United States on July 6, 1994, "Forrest Gump" received critical acclaim and became a commercial success as the top grossing film in North America released that year, being the first major success for Paramount Pictures since the studio's sale to Viacom earlier in the year.
The film earned over $677 million worldwide during its theatrical run.
The film won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director for Robert Zemeckis, Best Actor for Tom Hanks, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Visual Effects and Best Film Editing.
It also garnered multiple other awards and nominations, including Golden Globe Awards, People's Choice Awards and Young Artist Awards, among others.
Since the film's release, varying interpretations have been made of the film's protagonist and its political symbolism.
In 1996, a themed restaurant, Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, opened based on the film, and has since expanded to multiple locations worldwide.
The scene of Gump running across the country is often referred to when real-life people attempt the feat.
In 2011, the Library of Congress selected "Forrest Gump" for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Article: United States
Section: Health

Question: Since 1966, in which category have Americans received the most Nobel Prizes?

The United States has life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth, up from 75.2 years in 1990, ranks it 50th among 221 nations, and 27th out of the 34 industrialized OECD countries, down from 20th in 1990.
Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world.
Obesity rates in the United States are among the highest in the world.
Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight; the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.
Obesity-related type 2 diabetes is considered epidemic by health care professionals.
The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th highest out of 222 countries.
In 2010, coronary artery disease, lung cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and traffic accidents caused the most years of life lost in the U.S. Low back pain, depression, musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, and anxiety caused the most years lost to disability.
The most deleterious risk factors were poor diet, tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, physical inactivity, and alcohol use.
Alzheimer's disease, drug abuse, kidney disease and cancer, and falls caused the most additional years of life lost over their age-adjusted 1990 per-capita rates.
U.S. teenage pregnancy and abortion rates are substantially higher than in other Western nations.
The U.S. is a global leader in medical innovation.
America solely developed or contributed significantly to 9 of the top 10 most important medical innovations since 1975 as ranked by a 2001 poll of physicians, while the EU and Switzerland together contributed to five.
Since 1966, Americans have received more Nobel Prizes in Medicine than the rest of the world.
From 1989 to 2002, four times more money was invested in private biotechnology companies in America than in Europe.
The U.S. health-care system far outspends any other nation, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.
Health-care coverage in the United States is a combination of public and private efforts and is not universal.
In 2010, 49.9 million residents or 16.3% of the population did not carry health insurance.
The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.
In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.
Federal legislation passed in early 2010 would ostensibly create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014, though the bill and its ultimate impact are issues of controversy.
Article: Luge
Section: Abstract

Question: What is a luge?

A luge is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine (face up) and feet-first.
Steering is done by flexing the sled's runners with the calf of each leg or exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat.
Racing sleds weigh 21–25 kilograms (46–55 lb) for singles and 25–30 kilograms (55–66 lb) for doubles.
Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport.
Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km per hour (87 mph).
Manuel Pfister of Austria, reached a top speed of 154 km per hour (95.69 mph) on the track in Whistler, Canada prior to the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.
Lugers compete against a timer and are timed to a thousandth of a second, making luge one of the most precisely timed sports in the world.
The first recorded use of the term "luge" is 1905, from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of French "luge" meaning "small coasting sled", and is possibly from a Gaulish word with the same root as English sled.
Article: Periodic table
Section: Metallic character

Question: What does the staggered line between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table represent?

The lower the values of ionization energy, electronegativity and electron affinity, the more metallic character the element has.
Conversely, nonmetallic character increases with higher values of these properties.
Given the periodic trends of these three properties, metallic character tends to decrease going across a period (or row) and, with some irregularities (mostly) due to poor screening of the nucleus by d and f electrons, and relativistic effects, tends to increase going down a group (or column or family).
Thus, the most metallic elements (such as caesium and francium) are found at the bottom left of traditional periodic tables and the most nonmetallic elements (oxygen, fluorine, chlorine) at the top right.
The combination of horizontal and vertical trends in metallic character explains the stair-shaped dividing line between metals and nonmetals found on some periodic tables, and the practice of sometimes categorizing several elements adjacent to that line, or elements adjacent to those elements, as metalloids.
Article: Private Practice (TV series)
Section: Season 3 (2009–10)

Question: Who gets involved in a car accident during season 3 of Private Practice?

Season 3 (2009–10).
In the third season, Violet survives the cliffhanger in season two while she gives her baby Lucas to Pete while she recovers from the ordeal.
Addison and Sam get even closer but decide not to become a couple because they don't want to hurt Naomi, Charlotte and Cooper break up, and Dell loses Heather in an explosion which nearly kills Betsey also.
Addison and Pete become a couple, which causes Addison to get close to Lucas until Violet wants him back even going as far as taking Pete to court to get joint custody.
Sheldon starts to fall for Charlotte after they start to sleep together and Sam and Naomi's daughter, Maya, gets pregnant and marries the father of her baby, Dink.
And Derek Shepherd's sister, Dr. Amelia Shepherd, arrives in town.
In the season finale, Addison and Sam finally get together while Charlotte and Cooper get engaged much to Sheldon's dismay.
Pete and Violet work over their issues, while Dell and Maya get involved in a car accident and the severity of Dell's condition is overlooked while Maya was being attended to in the operating room.
Dr. Amelia Shepherd, younger sister of Derek Shepherd (Addison's ex-husband), operated on him but was unable to resuscitate following Dell's heart failure.
Maya survived her operation to save her spinal cord and prevent paralysis while at the same time she gives birth to a girl, who also survives the ordeal.
Article: Moves like Jagger
Section: Background and composition

Question: How does Benjamin Levine feel about people liking the song "Moves Like Jagger"?

"Moves like Jagger" was written and produced by Benjamin Levin and Shellback, while additional writing was done by Adam Levine.
When asked about the song, Levine said, "It was one of those songs that was definitely a risk; it's a bold statement.
We've never really released a song like that.
But it's exciting to do something different, do something new.
I'm just happy everyone likes it."
"Moves like Jagger" is a dance-pop and electropop song, with elements of disco, pop, rock and soul.
It features a "throbbing" synth, fast-paced beat and electronic drums.
Robbie Daw from Idolator wrote that "Moves like Jagger" slightly echoes The Rolling Stones' chart-topping 1978 classic "Miss You", and added that "Levine’s voice is distorted via Auto-Tune on the chorus."
The song is introduced by a whistle melody and light, funky guitar in the key of B minor.
Levine tries his best to impress his female interest with dance moves like The Rolling Stones frontman Mick Jagger: "I don't need to try to control you / Look into my eyes and I'll own you / With the moves like Jagger / I got the moves like Jagger / I got the moves like Jagger."
Aguilera appears mid-way through the song's bridge, playing her role as a tease: "You want to know how to make me smile / Take control, own me just for the night / But if I share my secret / You gonna have to keep it / Nobody else can see this."
Article: The Lord of the Rings
Section: Publication history

Question: In what year did Tolken demand "The Lord of the Rings" be published?

A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950.
Tolkien intended "The Silmarillion" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with "The Lord of the Rings," but A&U were unwilling to do this.
After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that "The Lord of the Rings" itself "urgently wanted cutting", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952.
Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff.
"For publication, the book was divided into three volumes: "The Fellowship of the Ring" (Books I, "The Ring Sets Out", and II, "The Ring Goes South"), "The Two Towers" (Books III, "The Treason of Isengard", and IV, "The Ring Goes East"), and "The Return of the King" (Books V, "The War of the Ring", and VI, "The End of the Third Age", plus six appendices).
This was due largely to post-war paper shortages, as well as being a way to keep down the price of the book.
Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to the volumes being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954, on 11 November 1954 and on 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, and slightly later in the United States.
"The Return of the King" was especially delayed.
Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title "The Return of the King", believing it gave away too much of the storyline.
He had originally suggested "The War of the Ring", which was dismissed by his publishers.
The books were published under a profit-sharing arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits.
It has ultimately become the second best-selling novel ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.
Only "A Tale of Two Cities" by Charles Dickens has sold more copies worldwide (over 200 million) while the fourth best-selling novel is Tolkien's "The Hobbit".
Article: Wake in Fright
Section: Production

Question: Who tried their hand at fundraising the film's production?

A film version of "Wake in Fright", based on the 1961 novel by Kenneth Cook, was linked with the actor Dirk Bogarde and the director Joseph Losey as early as 1963.
Morris West later secured the film rights and tried, unsuccessfully, to raise funding for the film's production.
The rights were eventually bought by NLT and Group W. and Canadian director Ted Kotcheff was recruited to direct the film.
At the time of production, Kotcheff had directed two films, "Tiara Tahiti" (1962) and "Two Men Sharing" (1969).
After "Wake in Fright", Kotcheff would continue to have a successful career as a director.
His later films included "The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz" (1973), "Fun with Dick and Jane" (1977), "First Blood" (1982) and "Weekend at Bernie's" (1988).
The shooting of "Wake in Fright" began in Australia in January 1970 at Broken Hill, New South Wales (the area which had inspired Cook for the setting of his novel), with interiors shot the next month at Ajax Studios in the Sydney beach-side suburb of Bondi.
It was the last film to feature the veteran character actor Chips Rafferty, who died of a heart attack prior to "Wake in Fright"s release, and the first film with Jack Thompson, the future Australian cinema star, among its cast members.
Coincidentally, Rafferty (real name John William Pilbean Goffage) had been born in Broken Hill, the film's stand-in for "The Yabba", in 1909.
Article: Gravitational wave
Section: Sources of gravitational waves

Question: How can gravitational waves be described?

In general terms, gravitational waves are radiated by objects whose motion involves acceleration, provided that the motion is not perfectly spherically symmetric (like an expanding or contracting sphere) or cylindrically symmetric (like a spinning disk or sphere).
A simple example of this principle is provided by the spinning dumbbell.
If the dumbbell spins like wheels on an axle, it will not radiate gravitational waves; if it tumbles end over end like two planets orbiting each other, it will radiate gravitational waves.
The heavier the dumbbell, and the faster it tumbles, the greater is the gravitational radiation it will give off.
If we imagine an extreme case in which the two weights of the dumbbell are massive stars like neutron stars or black holes, orbiting each other quickly, then significant amounts of gravitational radiation would be given off.
Some more detailed examples:
Two objects orbiting each other in a quasi-Keplerian planar orbit (basically, as a planet would orbit the Sun) will radiate.
 A spinning non-axisymmetric planetoid — say with a large bump or dimple on the equator — will radiate.
 A supernova will radiate except in the unlikely event that the explosion is perfectly symmetric.
 An isolated non-spinning solid object moving at a constant velocity will not radiate.
This can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of linear momentum.
 A spinning disk will not radiate.
This can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
However, it "will" show gravitomagnetic effects.
 A spherically pulsating spherical star (non-zero monopole moment or mass, but zero quadrupole moment) will not radiate, in agreement with Birkhoff's theorem.
More technically, the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment (or the "l"-th time derivative of the "l"-th multipole moment) of an isolated system's stress–energy tensor must be nonzero in order for it to emit gravitational radiation.
This is analogous to the changing dipole moment of charge or current necessary for electromagnetic radiation.
Article: American Revolution
Section: France

Question: How much was spent in  "livres tournaises" to buy munitions?

Other participants.
In early 1776, France set up a major program of aid to the Americans, and the Spanish secretly added funds.
Each country spent one million "livres tournaises" to buy munitions.
A dummy corporation run by Pierre Beaumarchais concealed their activities.
American rebels obtained some munitions through the Dutch Republic as well as French and Spanish ports in the West Indies.
Article: Toy Story
Section: Music

Question: How long did it take the singer-songwriter Randy Newman to compose the hit song "You've Got a Friend in Me"?

Disney was concerned with Lasseter's position on the use of music.
Unlike other Disney films of the time, Lasseter did not want the film to be a musical, saying it was a buddy film featuring "real toys."
Joss Whedon agreed saying, "It would have been a really bad musical, because it's a buddy movie.
It's about people who won't admit what they want, much less sing about it.
...
Buddy movies are about sublimating, punching an arm, 'I hate you.'
It's not about open emotion."
However, Disney favored the musical format, claiming "Musicals are our orientation.
Characters breaking into song is a great shorthand.
It takes some of the onus off what they're asking for."
Disney and Pixar reached a compromise: the characters in "Toy Story" would not break into song, but the film would use songs over the action, as in "The Graduate", to convey and amplify the emotions that Buzz and Woody were feeling.
Disney tapped Randy Newman to compose the film.
The edited "Toy Story" was due to Randy Newman and Gary Rydstrom in late September 1995 for their final work on the score and sound design, respectively.
Lasseter claimed "His songs are touching, witty, and satirical, and he would deliver the emotional underpinning for every scene."
Newman developed the film's signature song "You've Got a Friend in Me" in one day.
Article: Suburgatory
Section: Location and setting

Question: What area code is mentioned in Suburgatory?

The series takes place in the fictional town of Chatswin.
The onscreen map animation displayed in the opening credits zooms in on the affluent New York City suburbs of southern Westchester County as the geographic location of "Chatswin".
The Westchester County 914 area code is also referenced in the show.
The use of the 10805 postal code of the New Rochelle community, as the Chatswin postal code of main character George Altman signifies it as being the fictional town's true location.
The series takes its title from "Suburgatory: Twisted Tales from Darkest Suburbia", a book by former CNN Senior Producer Linda Keenan, based in part on her experiences after she moved from New York City to three affluent suburbs, the first of which was in Westchester County.
The book, released on October 11, 2011, thirteen days after the show premiered, is described on the front cover as "The Title behind the ABC Sitcom".
Article: How to Survive a Plague
Section: Accolades

Question: When did this movie win an Attitude Award?

"How to Survive a Plague" received awards for best documentary of 2012 from the Gotham Independent Film Awards and from the Boston Society of Film Critics.
The Independent Spirit Awards nominated it for Best Documentary.
It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in the 85th Academy Awards.
The film also won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Documentary.
It was nominated for a Directors Guild Award and the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.
Critic A. O. Scott of "The New York Times" named "How to Survive a Plague" one of the best five documentaries of 2012.
Fellow "New York Times" critic Stephen Holden called the documentary the eighth best film of 2012.
It also won Documentary of the Year at Attitude magazine's Attitude Awards 2013.
Article: Steak
Section: Beefsteak

Question: How are the more tender cuts cooked?

The more tender cuts of beef, from the loin and rib, are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.
Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized ("e.g."
cube steak).
Steak can be cooked to a level of very rare (bleu, a cold raw center), rare, medium rare, medium, medium well done, or well done.
Beef, unlike certain other meats, does not need to be cooked through.
Food-borne human illnesses are not normally found within a beef steak, though surfaces can potentially be contaminated from handling, and thus, very rare steak (seared on the outside and raw within) is generally accepted as safe.
Article: Field hockey
Section: Local rules

Question: What are field hockey players required to wear?

There are sometimes minor variations in rules from competition to competition; for instance, the duration of matches is often varied for junior competitions or for carnivals.
Different national associations also have slightly differing rules on player equipment.
The new Euro Hockey League has made major alterations to the rules to aid television viewers, such as splitting the game into four quarters, and to try to improve player behaviour, such as a two-minute suspension for green cards—the latter was also used in the 2010 World Cup.
In the United States, the NCAA has its own rules for inter-collegiate competitions; high school associations similarly play to different rules, usually using the rules published by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS).
This article assumes FIH rules unless otherwise stated.
USA Field Hockey produces an annual summary of the differences.
In the United States, the games at the junior high level consist of two 25-minute halves, while the high school level consists of two 30-minute halves.
Many private American schools play 25-minute halves, and some have adopted FIH rules rather than NFHS rules.
Players are required to wear mouth guards and shin guards in order to play the game.
Also, there is a newer rule requiring certain types of sticks be used.
In recent years, the NFHS rules have moved closer to FIH, but in 2011 a new rule requiring protective eyewear was introduced for the 2011 Fall season.
The 'cage style' goggles favored by US high school lacrosse and permitted in high school field hockey is not permitted under FIH rules.
Article: Colosseum
Section: Supporting buildings

Question: What is the name of the training school for gladiators in the east.

The Colosseum and its activities supported a substantial industry in the area.
In addition to the amphitheatre itself, many other buildings nearby were linked to the games.
Immediately to the east is the remains of the "Ludus Magnus", a training school for gladiators.
This was connected to the Colosseum by an underground passage, to allow easy access for the gladiators.
The "Ludus Magnus" had its own miniature training arena, which was itself a popular attraction for Roman spectators.
Other training schools were in the same area, including the "Ludus Matutinus" (Morning School), where fighters of animals were trained, plus the Dacian and Gallic Schools.
Also nearby were the "Armamentarium", comprising an armory to store weapons; the "Summum Choragium", where machinery was stored; the "Sanitarium", which had facilities to treat wounded gladiators; and the "Spoliarium", where bodies of dead gladiators were stripped of their armor and disposed of.
Around the perimeter of the Colosseum, at a distance of 18 m (59 ft) from the perimeter, was a series of tall stone posts, with five remaining on the eastern side.
Various explanations have been advanced for their presence; they may have been a religious boundary, or an outer boundary for ticket checks, or an anchor for the "velarium" or awning.
Right next to the Colosseum is also the Arch of Constantine.