community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Volleyball
Section: Team play

Question: Which sport includes Popular formations include the 4-2, 6-2, and 5-1 systems?

Volleyball is essentially a game of transition from one of the above skills to the next, with choreographed team movement between plays on the ball.
These team movements are determined by the teams chosen serve receive system, offensive system, coverage system, and defensive system.
The serve receive system is the formation used by the receiving team to attempt to pass the ball to the designated setter.
Systems can consist of 5 receivers, 4 receivers, 3 receivers, and in some cases 2 receivers.
The most popular formation at higher levels is a 3 receiver formation consisting of two left sides and a libero receiving every rotation.
This allows middles and right sides to become more specialized at hitting and blocking.
Offensive systems are the formations used by the offense to attempt to ground the ball into the opposing court (or otherwise score points).
Formations often include designated player positions with skill specialization (see "Player specialization", below).
Popular formations include the 4-2, 6-2, and 5-1 systems (see "Formations", below).
There are also several different attacking schemes teams can use to keep the opposing defense off balance.
Coverage systems are the formations used by the offense to protect their court in the case of a blocked attack.
Executed by the 5 offensive players not directly attacking the ball, players move to assigned positions around the attacker to dig up any ball that deflects off the block back into their own court.
Popular formations include the 2-3 system and the 1-2-2 system.
In lieu of a system, some teams just use a random coverage with the players nearest the hitter.
Defensive systems are the formations used by the defense to protect against the ball being grounded into their court by the opposing team.
The system will outline which players are responsible for which areas of the court depending on where the opposing team is attacking from.
Popular systems include the 6-Up, 6-Back-Deep, and 6-Back-Slide defense.
There are also several different blocking schemes teams can employ to disrupt the opposing teams offense.
Some teams, when they are ready to serve, will line up their other five players in a screen to obscure the view of the receiving team.
This action is only illegal if the server makes use of the screen, so the call is made at the referees discretion as to the impact the screen made on the receivers ability to pass the ball.
The most common style of screening involves a W formation designed to take up as much horizontal space as possible.
Article: Beach volleyball
Section: Skills

Question: What alternative to digging does a beach volleyball player have?

As in indoor volleyball, there are several basic skills competitive players need to master: serving, passing, setting, attacking, blocking, and digging.
Serving is the act of putting the ball into play by striking it with the hand or arm from behind the rear court boundary.
The skill is similar on the beach and indoors, with the exception that on the beach the wind often has a significant effect on the trajectory of the ball.
The pass is the first of a team's 3 allowed contacts, and is also very similar on the beach and indoors.
However, the standards for hand setting (handling the ball overhand using finger action with the hands separated) are stricter on the beach.
In practice, this means that players are effectively forbidden from setting the ball on serve receive; similarly, players seldom use a hand setting motion as the first (except on a hard driven attack) or last of the three allowed team contacts.
Digging is a similar skill to passing, but the term is not used to describe receiving the serve or a free ball, but rather refers to an attempt to prevent an opponent's attack hit from touching the court.
The set is the second team contact, and its purpose is to position the ball for an attack on the third hit.
A hand setting motion is often used, but bump setting, an underhand motion in which the ball bounces off the forearms, is also common.
When using the hand motion contact for the setting the ball has to come out "clean".
This means that the ball cannot spin at all in the air once it leaves the setters hands.
If a referee determines that it was not a "clean" contact then they will call a double contact and the point will be given to the other team.
After completing the contact, the setter typically turns his attention to the defense and communicates to his partner whether a blocker is up and which area of the court is open.
The second contact can also be used to attack the ball.
Attacking includes skills such as spiking—hitting the ball hard with one open hand on a downward trajectory from above the top of the net; rolling—a similar motion to spiking, but softer and with an arcing trajectory; and dinking—directing the ball very softly low over the net.
Attack hits are also frequently made with a poking motion with the knuckles or stiff straight fingers.
Blocking is an attempt to direct an attack hit by the opponents back into their court by reaching above the top of the net.
Players often decide against blocking (if the pass and set are not in a good position to produce a spike attack) and instead opt to Peel off the net and dig.
This peeling action is a skill almost exclusive to beach volleyball.
Article: Salad
Section: History

Question: How does "Salad Bar" work?

The Romans and ancient Greeks ate mixed greens with dressing.
In his 1699 book, "Acetaria: A Discourse on Sallets", John Evelyn attempted with little success to encourage his fellow Britons to eat fresh salad greens.
Mary, Queen of Scots, ate boiled celery root over greens covered with creamy mustard dressing, truffles, chervil, and slices of hard-boiled eggs.
The United States popularized mixed greens salads in the late 19th century; other regions of the world adopted them throughout the second half of the 20th century.
From Europe and the Americas to China, Japan, and Australia, salads are sold in supermarkets, at restaurants and at fast food chains.
In the US market, restaurants will often have a "Salad Bar" laid out with salad-making ingredients, which the customers will use to put together their salad.
Article: Machu Picchu
Section: Roads and transportation

Question: How many visitors are their to the Inca Trail?

As part of their road system, the Incas built a road to the Machu Picchu region.
Today, thousands of tourists walk the Inca Trail to visit Machu Picchu each year.
They congregate at Cusco before starting on the two-, four- or five-day journey on foot from Kilometer 82 or Kilometer 104 (two-day trip) near the town of Ollantaytambo in the Urubamba valley, walking up through the Andes mountain range to the isolated city.
The people of Machu Picchu were connected to long-distance trade, as shown by non-local artifacts found at the site.
As an example, Bingham found unmodified obsidian nodules at the entrance gateway.
In the 1970s, Burger and Asaro determined that these obsidian samples were from the "Titicaca" or Chivay obsidian source, and that the samples from Machu Picchu showed long-distance transport of this obsidian type in pre-Hispanic Peru.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Live performances

Question: Taylor Swift performed We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together for what event, held in Cannes, France?

 Swift performed the song live for the first time at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards on September 6, 2012, which was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.
Swift was the last performance of the night and, wearing a red and white striped shirt and black shorts, began her performance in an area resembling a recording studio before taking the stage along with her back-up singers, dancers and band (in animal costumes) took the stage.
 Swift also performed the song live at the iHeartRadio Music Festival.
 She performed the song on the British version of "The X Factor" on October 14, 2012.
 Swift performed the song on the German TV show "Schlag Den Raab".
 On January 25, 2013, Swift performed "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" at the Los Premios 40 Principales in Spain.
 The next day, she performed it in Cannes, France during the NRJ Music Awards.
 On February 10, 2013, Swift performed the song at the 2013 Grammy Awards, opening the ceremony.
 She performs the song on her Red Tour nightly as the finale.
Article: Six Flags
Section: Growth and acquisitions

Question: What year did Six Flags open in the state of Georgia?

The original park, in Arlington (between Dallas and Fort Worth) was sold in 1966 to a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which was actively pursuing non-railroad investments in an effort to diversify its sources of income.
(In 1968, the Pennsylvania Railroad merged with the New York Central Railroad to form Penn Central Corp.) With the new owners came a more abundant supply of capital for geographic expansion and park additions.
Six Flags opened Six Flags Over Georgia in 1967 and Six Flags Over Mid-America in 1971, which would, along with Six Flags Over Texas, be the only three parks that would be constructed by the company.
The company continued to grow by acquiring independent parks.
Six Flags purchased AstroWorld in Houston, Texas in 1975, Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey in 1977 and Magic Mountain in Valencia, California in 1979.
These purchases were followed by Penn Central selling assets to Bally Manufacturing in 1982.
In 1984, the Great America theme park in Gurnee, Illinois was acquired from the Marriott hotel chain.
Also in 1984, as a result of its acquisition of Great America, Six Flags acquired the rights to Time Warner/Warner Bros.' "Looney Tunes" animated characters for use in Six Flags properties.
Bally surrendered control of the chain to Wesray Capital Corporation in a 1987 leveraged buyout.
Time Warner quickly began to gain more leverage in the company, gaining a 19.5% stake in Six Flags in 1990 and then 50% in 1991, with the remaining shares of the company being split by Blackstone Group and Wertheim Schroder & Company.
Time Warner purchased the remaining stake in Six Flags in 1993, changing the company's name from "Six Flags Corp".
to "Six Flags Theme Parks, Inc".
In 1996, Six Flags began to manage Fiesta Texas theme park in San Antonio, Texas and purchased the park from USAA in 1998.
Article: Wakeboarding
Section: Boards

Question: Are shallow fins good for tricks?

Boards are buoyant with the core usually made up of foam, honeycomb or wood mixed with resin and coated with fiberglass.
Metal screws are inserted to attach bindings and fins.
The configuration and positioning of the fins and bindings vary according to rider preference and are adjusted for a variety of reasons.
A wakeboarder will change the type of fins used for different types of tricks.
For example, shallow fins (which do not protrude into the water very far) are better for surface tricks, such as flat spins.
Many newer board models contain small moulded fins on the board, allowing the rider to use smaller centre fins and also to create less drag.
Board hardware is often set up to allow a rider to ride "Switch" or "Fakie," with either foot forward.
Such setups are usually symmetrical in layout.
New riders normally set up their boards to be comfortable to ride with their "natural" foot forward, which does not allow for riding Switch without modifications.
For best results and easy wakeboarding, this sport is normally done in lakes, though the intercoastal waterways are also becoming popular.
Article: Industrial Revolution
Section: Luddites

Question: Who did the attackers supposedly follow?

The rapid industrialisation of the English economy cost many craft workers their jobs.
The movement started first with lace and hosiery workers near Nottingham and spread to other areas of the textile industry owing to early industrialisation.
Many weavers also found themselves suddenly unemployed since they could no longer compete with machines which only required relatively limited (and unskilled) labour to produce more cloth than a single weaver.
Many such unemployed workers, weavers and others, turned their animosity towards the machines that had taken their jobs and began destroying factories and machinery.
These attackers became known as Luddites, supposedly followers of Ned Ludd, a folklore figure.
The first attacks of the Luddite movement began in 1811.
The Luddites rapidly gained popularity, and the British government took drastic measures, using the militia or army to protect industry.
Those rioters who were caught were tried and hanged, or transported for life.
Unrest continued in other sectors as they industrialised as well, such as with agricultural labourers in the 1830s when large parts of southern Britain were affected by the Captain Swing disturbances.
Threshing machines were a particular target, and hayrick burning was a popular activity.
However, the riots led to the first formation of trade unions, and further pressure for reform.
Article: The Mentalist
Section: Awards and nominations

Question: What was Simon Baker nominated for in 2009?

 2009: People's Choice Award for "Favorite New TV Drama"
 2009: Simon Baker received a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Drama Series
 2009: nomination for The International TV Dagger at the Crime Thriller Awards, an awards ceremony presented by the British Crime Writers' Association
 2010: Simon Baker received a nomination for Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama
 2010: Simon Baker received a nomination for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
 2010: award for its scientific and critical thinking content, from The IIG during its 10th Anniversary Gala; accepted by Editor Jim Gadd
 2014: nomination for a People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Crime Drama
Article: American Dad!
Section: DVD releases

Question: Which 3 episodes have uncensored material?

 The "Volume One" release was retitled "Season One" for the Region 2 and 4 releases, however the subsequent releases retained the "Volume" titles.
 On the packaging for the "Season 1" release on Region 2 DVD, there was no mention of audio commentaries or some of the bonus features, leading many to mistakenly believe they had been omitted from the release.
 The Region 2 and 4 DVDs do not have censored audio tracks on any episodes; however, "Volume 3" has so-called "uncensored tracks" on the set (probably an error from the transfer because the tracks are already automatically uncensored on the set).
 The Volume 4 DVD release blurb contained information on the episode "Phantom of the Telethon", which was instead featured on Volume 5.
 On Volume 6, despite claims of being uncensored, the bleeps from "Home Adrone", "My Morning Straitjacket", and "G-String Circus" are not removed.
Article: Wake in Fright
Section: Plot

Question: What was Grant hoping to win enough money to pay off?

John Grant is a middle-class teacher from the big city.
He feels disgruntled because of the onerous terms of a financial bond which he signed with the government in return for receiving a tertiary education.
The bond has forced him to accept a post to the tiny school at Tiboonda, a remote township in the arid Australian Outback.
It is the start of the Christmas school holidays and Grant plans on going to Sydney to visit his girlfriend but first, however, he must travel by train to the nearby mining town of Bundanyabba (known as “The Yabba”) in order to catch a Sydney-bound flight.
At "The Yabba", Grant encounters several disconcerting residents including a policeman, Jock Crawford, who encourages Grant to drink repeated glasses of beer before introducing him to the local obsession with the gambling game of two-up.
Hoping to win enough money to pay off his bond and escape his "slavery" as an outback teacher, Grant at first has a winning streak playing two-up but then loses all his cash.
Unable now to leave "The Yabba", Grant finds himself dependent on the charity of bullying strangers while being drawn into the crude and hard-drinking lifestyle of the town's residents.
Grant reluctantly goes drinking with a resident named Tim Hynes (Al Thomas) and goes to Tim's house.
Here he meets Tim's daughter, Janette.
While he and Janette talk, several men who have gathered at the house for a drinking session question Grant's masculinity, asking: “What's the matter with him?
He'd rather talk to a woman than drink beer.” Janette then tries to initiate an awkward sexual episode with Grant, who vomits.
Grant finds refuge of a sort, staying at the shack of an alcoholic medical practitioner known as "Doc" Tydon.
Doc tells him that he and many others have had sex with Janette.
He also gives Grant pills from his medical kit, ostensibly to cure Grant's hangover.
Later, a drunk Grant participates in a barbaric kangaroo hunt with Doc and Doc's friends Dick and Joe.
The hunt culminates in Grant clumsily stabbing a wounded kangaroo to death, followed by a pointless drunken brawl between Dick and Joe and the vandalizing of a bush pub.
At night's end, Grant returns to Doc's shack, where Doc apparently initiates a homosexual encounter between the two.
A repulsed Grant leaves the next morning and walks across the desert.
He tries to hitch-hike to Sydney, but accidentally boards a truck that takes him straight back to "The Yabba".
He contemplates shooting Doc, but instead attempts suicide.
Grant recovers in hospital from his suicide attempt and Doc sees him off at "The Yabba's" rail station.
He returns to Tiboonda for the new school year.
Article: Balkan Wars
Section: Reaction in the Balkan States

Question: When did Serbia accept annexation of Bosnia?

Serbia was frustrated in the north by Austria-Hungary's incorporation of Bosnia.
In March 1909, Serbia was forced to accept the annexation and restrain anti-Habsburg agitation by Serbian nationalists.
Instead, the Serbian government looked to formerly Serb territories in the south, notably "Old Serbia" (the Sanjak of Novi Pazar and the province of Kosovo).
On 15 August 1909 the Military League, a group of Greek officers, took action against the government to reform their country's national government and reorganize the army.
The League found itself unable to create a new political system, until the league summoned the Cretan politician Eleutherios Venizelos to Athens as its political adviser.
Venizelos persuaded the king to revise the constitution and asked the League to disband in favor of a National Assembly.
In March 1910 the Military League dissolved itself.
Bulgaria, which had secured Ottoman recognition of her independence in April 1909 and enjoyed the friendship of Russia, also looked to districts of Ottoman Thrace and Macedonia.
In August 1910 Montenegro followed Bulgaria's precedent by becoming a kingdom.
Article: Chocolate brownie
Section: History

Question: Why is an extra egg and additional square of chocolate added to the Boston Cooking School brownie recipe?

A chef at Chicago's Palmer House Hotel created the confection after Bertha Palmer requested a dessert for ladies attending the Chicago 1893 World Fair; it should be, she said, smaller than a piece of cake, though still retaining cake-like characteristics and easily eaten from boxed lunches.
These first brownies featured an apricot glaze and walnuts, and they are still being made at the hotel according to the original recipe.
The earliest published recipes for a brownie like those of today appeared in the "Home Cookery" (1904, Laconia, NH), "Service Club Cook Book" (1904, Chicago, IL), "The Boston Globe" (April 2, 1905 p. 34) and the 1906 edition of "The Boston Cooking School Cook Book" by Fannie Merritt Farmer.
These recipes produced a relatively mild and cake-like brownie.
The name "brownie" first appeared in the 1896 version of the cookbook, but this was in reference to molasses cakes baked individually in tin molds, not true brownies.
A second recipe appeared in 1907 in "Lowney’s Cook Book", by Maria Willet Howard and published by the Walter M. Lowney Company of Boston, Massachusetts.
This recipe added an extra egg and an additional square of chocolate to the Boston Cooking School recipe, creating a richer, fudgier brownie.
The recipe was named Bangor Brownies, possibly because it was created by a woman in Bangor, Maine.
The Bangor Brownie went on to be rated third in the top 10 snacks a few years later.
Article: Pho
Section: From Cantonese

Question: In what way do Chinese vendors advertise Pho?

Hue and Eugèn Gouin (1957) both define ' by itself as an abbreviation of '.
Elucidating on the 1931 dictionary, Gouin and Lê Ngọc Trụ (1970) both give ' as a corruption of ' (), which was commonly sold by Chinese immigrants in Hanoi.
Some scholars argue that pho (the dish) evolved from ', a Vietnamese dish common in Hanoi at the turn of the century.
Originally eaten by commoners near the Red River, it consisted of stir fried strips of water buffalo meat served in broth atop rice vermicelli.
Around 1908–1909, the shipping industry brought an influx of laborers.
Vietnamese and Chinese cooks set up ' to serve them ' but later switched to inexpensive scraps of beef set aside by butchers who sold to the French.
Chinese vendors advertised this ' by crying out, "Beef and noodles!"
().
Eventually the street cry became "Meat and noodles!"
(), with the last syllable elongated.
The French author Jean Marquet spells it "!"
in his 1919 novel "Du village-à-la cité".
This is likely what the Vietnamese poet Tản Đà calls "" in "" ("Gambling"), written around 1915–1917.
Article: Karate
Section: Philosophy

Question: What is of prime importance in karate?

In "Karate-Do Kyohan," Funakoshi quoted from the Heart Sutra, which is prominent in Shingon Buddhism: "Form is emptiness, emptiness is form itself" ("shiki zokuze kū kū zokuze shiki").
He interpreted the "kara" of Karate-dō to mean "to purge oneself of selfish and evil thoughts ... for only with a clear mind and conscience can the practitioner understand the knowledge which he receives."
Funakoshi believed that one should be "inwardly humble and outwardly gentle."
Only by behaving humbly can one be open to Karate's many lessons.
This is done by listening and being receptive to criticism.
He considered courtesy of prime importance.
He said that "Karate is properly applied only in those rare situations in which one really must either down another or be downed by him."
Funakoshi did not consider it unusual for a devotee to use Karate in a real physical confrontation no more than perhaps once in a lifetime.
He stated that Karate practitioners must "never be easily drawn into a fight."
It is understood that one blow from a real expert could mean death.
It is clear that those who misuse what they have learned bring dishonor upon themselves.
He promoted the character trait of personal conviction.
In "time of grave public crisis, one must have the courage ... to face a million and one opponents."
He taught that indecisiveness is a weakness.