community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Cake
Section: Special-purpose cakes

Question: How do I perform a confarreatio?

Cakes may be classified according to the occasion for which they are intended.
For example, wedding cakes, birthday cakes, cakes for first communion, Christmas cakes, Halloween cakes and Passover plava (a type of sponge cake sometimes made with matzo meal) are all identified primarily according to the celebration they are intended to accompany.
The cutting of a wedding cake constitutes a social ceremony in some cultures.
The Ancient Roman marriage ritual of "confarreatio" originated in the sharing of a cake.
Particular types of cake may be associated with particular festivals, such as stollen or chocolate log (at Christmas), babka and simnel cake (at Easter), or mooncake.
There has been a long tradition of decorating an iced cake at Christmas time; other cakes associated with Christmas include chocolate log and mince pies.
Article: Dissolution of the Monasteries
Section: Health and education

Question: What was the purpose of the Act of 1539?

The Act of 1539 also provided for the suppression of religious hospitals; which had constituted in England a distinct class of institution, endowed for the purpose of caring for older people.
A very few of these, such as Saint Bartholomew's Hospital in London, were excepted by special royal dispensation, but most closed, their residents being discharged with small pensions.
Monasteries had also supplied free food and alms for the poor and destitute, and it has been argued that the removal of this and other charitable resources, amounting to about 5% of net monastic income, was one of the factors in the creation of the army of "sturdy beggars" that plagued late Tudor England, causing the social instability that led to the Edwardian and Elizabethan Poor Laws.
Monasteries had necessarily undertaken schooling for their novice members, which in the later medieval period had tended to extend to cover choristers and sometimes other younger scholars; and all this educational resource was lost with their dissolution.
By contrast, where monasteries had provided grammar schools for older scholars, these were commonly refounded with enhanced endowments; some by royal command in connection to the newly re-established cathedral churches, others by private initiative.
Monastic orders had maintained, for the education of their members, six colleges at the universities of Oxford or Cambridge; of which five survived as refoundations.
Hospitals too were frequently to be re-endowed by private benefactors; and many new almshouses and charities were to be founded by the Elizabethan gentry and professional classes.
Nevertheless, it has been estimated that only in 1580 did overall levels of charitable giving in England return to those before the dissolution.
On the eve of the overthrow, the various monasteries owned approximately 2,000,000 acres (just under 8 100 km²), over 16 percent of England, with tens of thousands of tenant farmers working those lands; some of whom had family ties to a particular monastery going back many generations.
Article: Gilmore Girls
Section: Additional main cast

Question: Who does Sean Gunn play in Gilmore Girls?

The following characters have been promoted to main character status since season 2.
All additional main cast are only credited in episodes in which they appear.
"*" In the second episode of Season One ('The Lorelais' First Day at Chilton'), Sean Gunn played a character named "Mick", who worked for a telephone company as a DSL installer.
Gunn did not return as Mick, but was given a part as Kirk.
Also in the beginning of season one "Mick" or "Kirk" was new to Stars Hollow, not knowing who Miss Patty was, but later is known to have grown up in Stars Hollow, like when he talks about having books knocked out of his hands at as a seventh grader by Luke.
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Article: The Good Wife
Section: Premise

Question: Alicia was a stay-at-home mother for how many years before returning to work?

The series focuses on Alicia Florrick (Julianna Margulies), whose husband Peter Florrick (Chris Noth), a former Cook County state's attorney, has been jailed following a very public sex and corruption scandal.
Alicia returns to her old job as a litigator (having taken 13 years out to be a stay-at-home mother) to provide for her two children.
The series was partly inspired by the Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal, as well as by other prominent American political sex scandals, particularly those of John Edwards and Bill Clinton:
Article: General relativity
Section: Quantum gravity

Question: How can quantum gravity predictions be tested?

The demand for consistency between a quantum description of matter and a geometric description of spacetime, as well as the appearance of singularities (where curvature length scales become microscopic), indicate the need for a full theory of quantum gravity: for an adequate description of the interior of black holes, and of the very early universe, a theory is required in which gravity and the associated geometry of spacetime are described in the language of quantum physics.
Despite major efforts, no complete and consistent theory of quantum gravity is currently known, even though a number of promising candidates exist.
Attempts to generalize ordinary quantum field theories, used in elementary particle physics to describe fundamental interactions, so as to include gravity have led to serious problems.
At low energies, this approach proves successful, in that it results in an acceptable effective (quantum) field theory of gravity.
At very high energies, however, the result are models devoid of all predictive power ("non-renormalizability").
One attempt to overcome these limitations is string theory, a quantum theory not of point particles, but of minute one-dimensional extended objects.
The theory promises to be a unified description of all particles and interactions, including gravity; the price to pay is unusual features such as six extra dimensions of space in addition to the usual three.
In what is called the second superstring revolution, it was conjectured that both string theory and a unification of general relativity and supersymmetry known as supergravity form part of a hypothesized eleven-dimensional model known as M-theory, which would constitute a uniquely defined and consistent theory of quantum gravity.
Another approach starts with the canonical quantization procedures of quantum theory.
Using the initial-value-formulation of general relativity (cf.
evolution equations above), the result is the Wheeler–deWitt equation (an analogue of the Schrödinger equation) which, regrettably, turns out to be ill-defined.
However, with the introduction of what are now known as Ashtekar variables, this leads to a promising model known as loop quantum gravity.
Space is represented by a web-like structure called a spin network, evolving over time in discrete steps.
Depending on which features of general relativity and quantum theory are accepted unchanged, and on what level changes are introduced, there are numerous other attempts to arrive at a viable theory of quantum gravity, some examples being dynamical triangulations, causal sets, twistor models or the path-integral based models of quantum cosmology.
All candidate theories still have major formal and conceptual problems to overcome.
They also face the common problem that, as yet, there is no way to put quantum gravity predictions to experimental tests (and thus to decide between the candidates where their predictions vary), although there is hope for this to change as future data from cosmological observations and particle physics experiments becomes available.
Article: Universal Studios Florida
Section: Hollywood

Question: What show is a 3-d experience with a stage show?

The Hollywood section of the park greets guests with recreations of some of Hollywood's greatest monuments, such as Schwab's Drug Store and Mel's Drive-In.
These recreations are accompanied by two shows and a walkthrough exhibit.
Hollywood is also home to the world famous state of the art Radio Broadcast Center.
The studios are on the corner between Schwab's and The Brown Derby.
The Radio Broadcast Center hosts radio stations from all over the world.
Lucy: A Tribute is a walk-through museum featuring the best of "America's favorite redhead", Lucille Ball.
"Universal's Horror Make-Up Show" is a live stage show that shows guests how horror film special effects are created.
Before the main show guests experience a pre-show walk-through of set pieces and props used in various horror movies.
The pre-show currently houses a character appearance by Hellboy from "".
In August 2008, a section of the pre-show lobby was included to contain material from Halloween Horror Nights which includes some concept art, and a timeline of park map covers dating from its debut year in 1991 as Fright Nights.
Both of these attractions opened in 1990.
The final attraction is .
The show is a live, 3D experience that combines a 3-D film with an actual stage show based on the film "Terminator 2".
Hollywood's two dining outlets are recreations of actual Hollywood outlets.
"Schwab's Pharmacy" and "Mel's Drive-In" offer guests a variety of food and beverage options.
A third outlet, named "Cafe La Bamba", operates seasonally.
Guests can purchase Terminator merchandise from "Cyber Image" and magic-related items from "Theatre Magic".
Article: Das Boot
Section: Reception

Question: Das Boot was ranked as what what according to Empire Magazine?

The film drew highest critical acclaim and is seen as one of the greatest of all German films.
For its unsurpassed authenticity in tension and realism, it is regarded internationally as pre-eminent among all submarine films.
The film was ranked #25 in "Empire" magazine's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.
It currently holds a 98% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes, well into the 32-nd year of its release (as of July 2013).
In late 2007, there was an exhibition about the film "Das Boot", as well as about the real U-Boat "U-96", at the Haus der Geschichte (House of German History) in Bonn.
Over 100,000 people visited the exhibition during its four-month run.
Article: Last Supper
Section: Prediction of Judas' betrayal

Question: During the Last Supper who did Jesus predict would betray him?

In , , and during the meal, Jesus predicted that one of his Apostles would betray him.
Jesus is described as reiterating, despite each Apostle's assertion that he would not betray Jesus, that the betrayer would be one of those who were present, and saying that there would be "woe to the man who betrays the Son of man!
It would be better for him if he had not been born."
In and , Judas is specifically identified as the traitor.
In the Gospel of John, when asked about the traitor, Jesus states: “It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it in the dish.” Then, dipping the piece of bread, he gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot.
As soon as Judas took the bread, Satan entered into him."
Article: The Lord of the Rings
Section: Influences

Question: What worldview of Tolkien is reflected in the themes of the Lord of the Rings?

The influence of the Welsh language, which Tolkien had learnt, is summarised in his essay English and Welsh: "If I may once more refer to my work.
The Lord of the Rings, in evidence: the names of persons and places in this story were mainly composed on patterns deliberately modelled on those of Welsh (closely similar but not identical).
This element in the tale has given perhaps more pleasure to more readers than anything else in it.
""The Lord of the Rings" developed as a personal exploration by Tolkien of his interests in philology, religion (particularly Roman Catholicism), fairy tales, Norse and general Germanic mythology, and also Celtic, Slavic, Persian, Greek, and Finnish mythology.
Tolkien acknowledged, and external critics have verified, the influences of George MacDonald and William Morris and the Anglo-Saxon poem "Beowulf".
The question of a direct influence of Wagner's "The Nibelung's Ring" on Tolkien's work is debated by critics.
Tolkien included neither any explicit religion nor cult in his work.
Rather the themes, moral philosophy, and cosmology of the Lord of the Rings reflect his Catholic worldview.
In one of his letters Tolkien states, "The Lord of the Rings is of course a fundamentally religious and Catholic work; unconsciously so at first, but consciously in the revision.
That is why I have not put in, or have cut out, practically all references to anything like 'religion', to cults or practices, in the imaginary world.
For the religious element is absorbed into the story and the symbolism.
"Some locations and characters were inspired by Tolkien's childhood in Birmingham, where he first lived near Sarehole Mill, and later near Edgbaston Reservoir.
There are also hints of the Black Country, which is within easy reach of north west Edgbaston.
This shows in such names as "Underhill", and the description of Saruman's industrialisation of Isengard and The Shire.
It has also been suggested that The Shire and its surroundings were based on the countryside around Stonyhurst College in Lancashire where Tolkien frequently stayed during the 1940s.
The work was influenced by the effects of his military service during World War I, to the point that Frodo has been "diagnosed" as suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, or "shell-shock," which was first diagnosed at the Battle of the Somme, at which Tolkien served.
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Track listing

Question: What is the length of "Murder By Numbers"?

7": A&M / AM 117
 "Every Breath You Take" – 4:13
 "Murder By Numbers" – 4:31
2x7": A&M / AM 117
 "Every Breath You Take" – 4:13
 "Murder By Numbers" – 4:31
 "Man In A Suitcase" (live) – 2:18
 "Truth Hits Everybody '83" -3:34
 rare 2x7" single
Article: Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
Section: Recordings

Question: When was the earliest recording of a song?

The earliest known recorded version of the song was by banjoist Harry Reser and his band on October 24, 1934 (Decca 264A) featuring Tom Stacks on vocal, the version shown in the Variety charts of December 1934.
The song was a sheet music hit, reaching #1.
The song was also recorded on September 26, 1935, by Tommy Dorsey & His Orchestra.
The song is a traditional standard at Christmas time, and has been covered by numerous recording artists.
The 1951 version by Perry Como was the first measurable hit, and in 1963 the Four Seasons version charted at #23 on Billboard.
In 1970 Rankin-Bass produced an hour-long animated television special based on the song, with narrator Fred Astaire telling the original story of Santa Claus.
Many contemporary artists have recorded and performed various versions of the song, including a rock and roll version by Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band.
The song was recorded in a 1975 live version and eventually released in 1985 as a B-side to "My Hometown", a single from the "Born in the U.S.A." album.
Luis Miguel recorded the song in Spanish as "Santa Claus Llegó a La Ciudad" for his Christmas album "Navidades" (2006).
His version of the song peaked at #26 on the "Billboard" Latin Pop Songs chart.
Other well-known versions of this song include Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters (1943), Frank Sinatra (1948), the Ray Conniff Singers (1959), Alvin and the Chipmunks (1961), The Crystals (1963), The Beach Boys (1964), The Jackson 5 (1970), The Carpenters (1978), The Pointer Sisters (1987), Neil Diamond (1992), Mariah Carey (1994), George Strait (1996), Faith Hill (2008), Miley Cyrus (2008), Andrea Bocelli (2009), Love Händel from "Phineas and Ferb" (2010), Justin Bieber (2011), Michael Bublé (2011), Mark Salling and Cory Monteith on "Glee" (2011), Colbie Caillat (2012), Rod Stewart (2012) and Dannii Minogue (2013).
Article: 2003 invasion of Iraq
Section: Bush declares "End of major combat operations" (May 2003)

Question: How did Iraq fare after the first invasion?

Bush declares "End of major combat operations" (May 2003).
On 1 May 2003, Bush landed on the aircraft carrier USS "Abraham Lincoln", in a Lockheed S-3 Viking, where he gave a speech announcing the end of major combat operations in the Iraq war.
Bush's landing was criticized by opponents as an unnecessarily theatrical and expensive stunt.
Clearly visible in the background was a banner stating "Mission Accomplished."
The banner, made by White House staff and supplied by request of the United States Navy, was criticized as premature.
The White House subsequently released a statement that the sign and Bush's visit referred to the initial invasion of Iraq and disputing the charge of theatrics.
The speech itself noted: "We have difficult work to do in Iraq.
We are bringing order to parts of that country that remain dangerous."
Post-invasion Iraq was marked by a long and violent conflict between U.S.-led forces and Iraqi insurgents.
Article: Vincent van Gogh
Section: Abstract

Question: How did Vincent Van Gogh perish?

Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a post-Impressionist painter of Dutch origin whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty and bold color, had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art.
After years of painful anxiety and frequent bouts of mental illness, he died aged 37 from a gunshot wound, generally accepted to be self-inflicted (although no gun was ever found).
His work was then known to only a handful of people and appreciated by fewer still.
Van Gogh began to draw as a child, and he continued to draw throughout the years that led up to his decision to become an artist.
He did not begin painting until his late twenties, completing many of his best-known works during the last two years of his life.
In just over a decade, he produced more than 2,100 artworks, consisting of 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints.
His work included self portraits, landscapes, still lifes, portraits and paintings of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers.
Van Gogh spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art dealers, traveling between The Hague, London and Paris, after which he taught for a time in England at Isleworth and Ramsgate.
One of his early aspirations was to become a pastor and from 1879 he worked as a missionary in a mining region in Belgium where he began to sketch people from the local community.
In 1885, he painted his first major work "The Potato Eaters".
His palette at the time consisted mainly of somber earth tones and showed no sign of the vivid coloration that distinguished his later work.
In March 1886, he moved to Paris and discovered the French Impressionists.
Later, he moved to the south of France and was influenced by the strong sunlight he found there.
His work grew brighter in color, and he developed the unique and highly recognizable style that became fully realized during his stay in Arles in 1888.
The extent to which his mental health affected his painting has been a subject of speculation since his death.
Despite a widespread tendency to romanticize his ill health, modern critics see an artist deeply frustrated by the inactivity and incoherence brought about by his bouts of illness.
According to art critic Robert Hughes, Van Gogh's late works show an artist at the height of his ability, completely in control and "longing for concision and grace."
Article: France
Section: Society

Question: How does the world view France?

According to a BBC poll in 2010, based on 29,977 responses in 28 countries, France is globally seen as a positive influence in the world's affairs: 49% have a positive view of the country's influence, whereas 19% have a negative view.
The Nation Brand Index of 2008 suggested that France has the second best international reputation, only behind Germany.
According to a poll in 2011, the French were found to have the highest level of religious tolerance and to be the country where the highest proportion of the population defines its identity primarily in term of nationality and not religion.
69% of French have a favourable view of the US, making France one of the most pro-American countries in the world.
In January 2010, the magazine International Living ranked France as "best country to live in", ahead of 193 other countries, for the fifth year running.
The French Revolution continues to permeate the country's collective memory.
The tricolour flag, the anthem "La Marseillaise", and the motto Liberté, egalité, fraternité, defined in Title 1 of the Constitution as national symbols, all emerged during the cultural ferment of the early revolution, along with Marianne, a common national personification.
In addition, Bastille Day, the national holiday, commemorates the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789.
A common and traditional symbol of the French people is the Gallic rooster.
Its origins date back to Antiquity, since the Latin word Gallus meant both "rooster" and "inhabitant of Gaul".
Then this figure gradually became the most widely shared representation of the French, used by French monarchs, then by the Revolution and under the successive republican regimes as representation of the national identity, used for some stamps and coins.
Article: The Matrix
Section: Development

Question: Which production studio did the Wachowskis present their script for Assassins to?

In 1994, the Wachowskis presented the script for the film "Assassins" to Warner Brothers.
After Lorenzo di Bonaventura, the president of production of the company at the time, read the script, he decided to buy rights to it and included two more pictures, "Bound" and "The Matrix", in the contract.
The first movie the Wachowskis directed, "Bound", then became a critical success.
Using this momentum, the brothers later asked to direct "The Matrix".
Producer Joel Silver soon joined the project.
Although the project had key supporters like Silver and Di Bonaventura to influence the company, "The Matrix" was still a huge investment for Warner Bros, which had to invest $60 million to create a movie with deep philosophical ideas and difficult special effects.
The Wachowskis therefore hired underground comic book artists Geof Darrow and Steve Skroce to draw a 600-page, shot-by-shot storyboard for the entire film.
The storyboard eventually earned the studio's approval, and it was decided to film in Australia to make the most of the budget.
Soon, "The Matrix" became a co-production of Warner Bros. and the Australian company Village Roadshow Pictures.
Article: SeaWorld
Section: SeaWorld Orlando

Question: What is the count of roller coasters at Seaworld Orlando?

 Orlando.
SeaWorld Orlando opened on December 15, 1973, and had crowds topping 5,400 on its opening day.
"One Ocean", a new Shamu show which premiered April 22, 2011, is hosted here, along with "Clyde and Seamore Take Pirate Island", an adventure with two sea lions, and "Blue Horizons", the park's dolphin show.
The park contains 3 roller coasters: Kraken, a floorless coaster based on the mythical sea creature, Manta, a coaster designed to simulate how manta rays move, and the Shamu Express, a coaster oriented to kids located in Shamu's Happy Harbor.
It is also home to the original Journey to Atlantis Water Coaster.
SeaWorld After Dark is SeaWorld Orlando's night program, featuring the fireworks show "Reflections", a sea lions show "Sea Lions Tonite" and Shamu show "Shamu Rocks".