community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Marzipan
Section: Southern Europe

Question: When is "All Souls' day"?

Around the world.
Southern Europe.
In Italy, particularly in Palermo, marzipan (') is often shaped and painted with food colorings to resemble fruit—'—especially during the Christmas season and on ' (All Souls' Day) on November 2.
May 9 and 10 are also special days for eating marzipan in Sicily.
In Portugal, where the confection has been made by nuns since olden times, traditional marzipan (') fruit-shaped sweets made in the Algarve region are a very common sweet.
There are other regions, as Toledo in Spain in which marzipan is shaped into simple animal shapes, and usually filled in with egg yolk ("") and sugar.
In Greece and Cyprus, marzipan is made in a variety of shapes and sizes and is almost always left white.
In the islands of the Aegean in particular, white marzipan is considered a wedding treat and is served to guests at wedding feasts.
Article: Boston Tea Party
Section: Abstract

Question: When did the Boston Tea Party take place?

The Boston Tea Party (initially referred to by John Adams as "the Destruction of the Tea in Boston") was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, 1773.
Disguised as American Indians, the demonstrators destroyed an entire shipment of tea, which had been sent by the East India Company, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773.
They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor, ruining the tea.
The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution.
The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and other political protests such as the Tea Party movement after 2010 explicitly refer to it.
The Tea Party was the culmination of a resistance movement throughout British America against the Tea Act, which had been passed by the British Parliament in 1773.
Colonists objected to the Tea Act because they believed that it violated their rights as Englishmen to "No taxation without representation," that is, be taxed only by their own elected representatives and not by a British parliament in which they were not represented.
Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of taxed tea in three other colonies, but in Boston, embattled Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be returned to Britain.
The Boston Tea Party was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution.
Parliament responded in 1774 with the Coercive Acts, or Intolerable Acts, which, among other provisions, ended local self-government in Massachusetts and closed Boston's commerce.
Colonists up and down the Thirteen Colonies in turn responded to the Coercive Acts with additional acts of protest, and by convening the First Continental Congress, which petitioned the British monarch for repeal of the acts and coordinated colonial resistance to them.
The crisis escalated, and the American Revolutionary War began near Boston in 1775.
Article: Attack on Pearl Harbor
Section: Niihau Incident

Question: What survivors were pulled from the wreckage of the Zero?

The Japanese planners had determined that some means of rescuing fliers whose aircraft were too badly damaged to return to the carriers was required.
The island of Niihau, only 30 minutes flying time from Pearl Harbor, was designated as the rescue point.
The Zero flown by Petty Officer Shigenori Nishikaichi of Hiryu was damaged in the attack on Wheeler, and he flew to the rescue point on Niihau.
The aircraft was further damaged on landing.
Nishikaichi was helped from the wreckage by one of the native Hawaiian inhabitants, who, aware of the tension between the United States and Japan, took the pilot's maps and other documents.
The island's residents had no telephones or radio and were completely unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Nishikaichi enlisted the support of three Japanese-American residents in an attempt to recover the documents.
During the ensuing struggles, Nishikaichi was killed and a Hawaiian civilian was wounded; one collaborator committed suicide, and his wife and the third collaborator were sent to prison.
The ease with which the local ethnic Japanese residents apparently went to the assistance of Nishikaichi was a source of concern for many, and tended to support those who believed that local Japanese could not be trusted.
Article: Dexter (TV series)
Section: Spin-off series

Question: What character was the series originally to be built around?

In April 2013, Showtime president, David Nevins said that even though the series would end with Season 8, all options of continuing the series were "on the table".
Original reports were for a series to be built around the Debra Morgan character.
Dexter's showrunner, Scott Buck re-signed with Showtime for two years which further heated up discussion on a spin-off series.
On January 14, 2014, Nevins announced that they were in discussions for a spin-off series to "Dexter".
Nevins said that a new series would happen only do it if Michael C. Hall returned.
Nevins stated: "We're at the very preliminary stage.
That show is that character... and if I were to do something, I would do "Dexter" in a new concept and configuration.
I want the show to feel different, not just a continuation of the old show."
Michael C. Hall responded to the possible spin-off series saying he would be interested in returning.
Hall said: "I can't even wrap my mind around that.
And it's all just theoretical until there is some sort of script reflecting somebody's idea of where it could possibly go.
But it's hard for me to imagine what that would be.
Yeah, as far as playing Dexter again for an undefined amount of time, that's a little daunting to consider.
But doing another television series — there's a lot of amazing stuff on TV.
I don't want to do that right away.
But I wouldn't say never to that."
Article: Colosseum
Section: Works modeled on, or inspired by, the Colosseum

Question: From 1928 to 2000 the Olympic Games medals were designed by who?

The "Kongresshalle", or "Congress Hall", (1935, unfinished) at the Nazi Party Rally grounds, Nuremberg, Germany
The Summer Olympic Games medal from 1928 to 2000, designed by Giuseppe Cassioli, features a depiction of the Colosseum.
At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens the Colosseum was replaced by a depiction of the Panathinaiko Stadium
The exterior of the Vancouver Public Library resembles the current state of the Colosseum.
It was designed by Moshe Safdie.
The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum entrance was inspired by the Colosseum.
The Palazzo della Civilta Italiana was very closely modelled on the Colosseum.
It was built for Mussolini for the Universal Exhibition of 1942 but the exhibition never happened due to the outbreak of World War II.
The architects were Giovanni Guerrini, Ernesto Bruno La Padula, and Mario Romano.
Article: Botany
Section: Plant hormones

Question: Phtochromes are the what in a plant that are sensitive to light?

Plants are not passive, but respond to external signals such as light, touch, and injury by moving or growing towards or away from the stimulus, as appropriate.
Tangible evidence of touch sensitivity is the almost instantaneous collapse of leaflets of "Mimosa pudica", the insect traps of Venus flytrap and bladderworts, and the pollinia of orchids.
The hypothesis that plant growth and development is coordinated by plant hormones or plant growth regulators first emerged in the late 19th century.
Darwin experimented on the movements of plant shoots and roots towards light and gravity, and concluded "It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle .
.
acts like the brain of one of the lower animals .
.
directing the several movements".
About the same time, the role of auxins (from the Greek auxein, to grow) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the Dutch scientist Frits Went.
The first known auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later.
This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity.
The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.
Another class of phytohormones is the jasmonates, first isolated from the oil of "Jasminum grandiflorum" which regulates wound responses in plants by unblocking the expression of genes required in the systemic acquired resistance response to pathogen attack.
In addition to being the primary energy source for plants, light functions as a signalling device, providing information to the plant, such as how much sunlight the plant receives each day.
This can result in adaptive changes in a process known as photomorphogenesis.
Phytochromes are the photoreceptors in a plant that are sensitive to light.
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Symbolism

Question: When was Salvador Dali's work "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening" produced?

Dalí employed extensive symbolism in his work.
For instance, the hallmark "melting watches" that first appear in "The Persistence of Memory" suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.
The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dalí when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.
The elephant is also a recurring image in Dalí's works.
It first appeared in his 1944 work "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening".
The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed "with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire" along with obelisks on their backs.
Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality.
"The elephant is a distortion in space", one analysis explains, "its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure."
"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly."
—Salvador Dalí, in Dawn Ades, "Dalí and Surrealism".
The egg is another common Dalíesque image.
He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in "The Great Masturbator" and "The Metamorphosis of Narcissus".
"The Metamorphosis of Narcissus" also symbolized death and petrification.
Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death, decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (he saw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud); and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear.
Article: Moonrise Kingdom
Section: Cast

Question: Who played Laura Bishop on film?

Jared Gilman as Sam Shakusky
Kara Hayward as Suzy Bishop
Bruce Willis as Captain Duffy Sharp
Edward Norton as Scout Master Randy Ward
Bill Murray as Walt Bishop
Frances McDormand as Laura Bishop
Tilda Swinton as Social Services
Jason Schwartzman as Cousin Ben
Bob Balaban as Narrator
Harvey Keitel as Commander Pierce
Rob Campbell as Deluca
Larry Pine as Mr. Billingsley
Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick as Roosevelt
Chandler Frantz as Gadge
Charlie Kilgore as Lazy-Eye
Andreas Sheikh as Panagle
L.J.
Foley as Izod
Article: Attack on Pearl Harbor
Section: Alternate history

Question: Who is the author of the novel "Days of Infamy"?

"Days of Infamy" is a novel by Harry Turtledove in which the Japanese attack on Hawaii is not limited to a strike on Pearl Harbor, but is instead a full-scale invasion and eventual occupation after U.S. forces are driven off the islands (something one of the key planners of the attack, Commander Minoru Genda, wanted but the senior officers realized was impossible).
The many viewpoint characters (a Turtledove trademark) are drawn from Hawaiian civilians (both white and Japanese) as well as soldiers and sailors from both Japan and the USA.
Turtledove has to date written one sequel, "The End of the Beginning".
 The airstrike and Hawaii-invasion premise of "Days of Infamy" was earlier used in the first episode of the anime OVA series "Konpeki no Kantai".
In the episode, Japan carries out the attack in the early hours of the morning, having perfected night carrier operations.
The raid begins with a flare drop by pathfinders.
The entire base (including the repair facilities) and a number of supply ships in the harbor are destroyed by daybreak.
As for the main body of the Pacific Fleet, the Combined Fleet regroups and annihilates them while they return to Pearl Harbor.
The episode, which is divided into three stages in the series' game version, ends with Japanese troops landing at all islands in Hawaii.
Article: Forrest Gump
Section: Home media

Question: What date was the film "Forrest Gump" released on blue ray?

"Forrest Gump" was first released on VHS tape on April 27, 1995, as a two-disc Laserdisc set on April 28, 1995, (including the "Through the Eyes of Forrest" special feature), before being released in a two-disc DVD set on August 28, 2001.
Special features included director and producer commentaries, production featurettes, and screen tests.
The film was released on Blu-ray disc in November 2009.
Article: Moves like Jagger
Section: Abstract

Question: How many digital copies of "Moves Like Jagger" sold in 2011?

"Moves like Jagger" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring singer-songwriter Christina Aguilera released by A&M Octone Records on June 21, 2011, as the fourth and final single and the first only re-released single from their third studio album "Hands All Over" (2010).
The song was written by Adam Levine, Benjamin Levin, Ammar Malik and Shellback and produced by Shellback and Benny Blanco.
"Moves like Jagger" is a dance-pop and electropop song and is backed by synths and electronic drums, the lyrics refer to a male's ability to impress a female with his dance moves, which he compares to Mick Jagger, frontman of the English band The Rolling Stones.
"Moves like Jagger" was well received by music critics, who praised the song's chorus.
Praise also went to the vocals of Levine and Aguilera, with critics pointing out solid chemistry between the two.
Likewise, the song was a commercial success, going on to top the charts in over 18 countries.
In the United States, "Moves like Jagger" became the band's first top ten single since "Makes Me Wonder" (2007), as well as Christina Aguilera's first top-ten single since "Keeps Gettin' Better" (2008).
It is among the best-selling singles of all time.
Aguilera also became the fourth female to score no.
1 singles in three different decades, behind Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Britney Spears.
She scored a number one hit in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, being the second female artist to do so behind Britney Spears.
Worldwide, it was the ninth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 7 million copies.
As of 2014, the song ranks as one of the six best-selling digital singles of all time with sales of over 14 million copies.
The music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund.
The video features an old video footage of Jagger and his iconic dance moves.
"Moves like Jagger" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 54th Grammy Awards but lost to "Body and Soul" by Tony Bennett and Amy Winehouse.
The song was first performed in June 2011 on an episode of "The Voice" (where Levine and Aguilera both served as judges/coaches).
Article: The Creation of Adam
Section: Miscellany

Question: Where exactly is the cameo "The creation of Adam" located?

Michelangelo's main source of inspiration for his Adam in his "Creation of Adam" seems to have been a cameo showing a nude Augustus Caesar riding sidesaddle on a Capricorn.
This cameo is now at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland.
The cameo used to belong to cardinal Domenico Grimani who lived in Rome while Michelangelo painted the ceiling.
Evidence suggests that Michelangelo and Grimani were friends.
The only parts of Michelangelo's Adam that could not have been borrowed from this cameo are his right hand and arm; this may explain why Michelangelo had to draw Adam's right hand and arm three times when he made the drawing for Adam that is now in the British Museum.
Some scholars have been dissatisfied with the theory Michelangelo was mainly inspired by Lorenzo Ghiberti's Adam in his "Creation of Adam".
This cameo offers an alternative theory.
Article: Botany
Section: Evolution

Question: What is a megaspory?

The chloroplasts of plants have a number of biochemical, structural and genetic similarities to cyanobacteria, (commonly but incorrectly known as "blue-green algae") and are thought to be derived from an ancient endosymbiotic relationship between an ancestral eukaryotic cell and a cyanobacterial resident.
The algae are a polyphyletic group and are placed in various divisions, some more closely related to plants than others.
There are many differences between them in features such as cell wall composition, biochemistry, pigmentation, chloroplast structure and nutrient reserves.
The algal division Charophyta, sister to the green algal division Chlorophyta, is considered to contain the ancestor of true plants.
The Charophyte class Charophyceae and the land plant sub-kingdom Embryophyta together form the monophyletic group or clade Streptophytina.
Nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem.
They include mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
Pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free-living gametophytes evolved during the Silurian period and diversified into several lineages during the late Silurian and early Devonian.
Representatives of the lycopods have survived to the present day.
By the end of the Devonian period, several groups, including the lycopods, sphenophylls and progymnosperms, had independently evolved "megaspory" – their spores were of two distinct sizes, larger megaspores and smaller microspores.
Their reduced gametophytes developed from megaspores retained within the spore-producing organs (megasporangia) of the sporophyte, a condition known as endospory.
Seeds consist of an endosporic megasporangium surrounded by one or two sheathing layers (integuments).
The young sporophyte develops within the seed, which on germination splits to release it.
The earliest known seed plants date from the latest Devonian Famennian stage.
Following the evolution of the seed habit, seed plants diversified, giving rise to a number of now-extinct groups, including seed ferns, as well as the modern gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms produce "naked seeds" not fully enclosed in an ovary; modern representatives include conifers, cycads, "Ginkgo", and Gnetales.
Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in a structure such as a carpel or an ovary.
Ongoing research on the molecular phylogenetics of living plants appears to show that the angiosperms are a sister clade to the gymnosperms.
Article: Universal Studios Hollywood
Section: Lower lot

Question: What ride is themed as an adventure ride through water?

The Lower lot is the smaller of the two lots.
There are three thrill rides at this section of the park.
All three of the rides have certain height and ride restrictions.
It is home to ', "The NBC Universal Experience", "Revenge of the Mummy" (where E.T.
Adventure once stood) and most recently the home to '.
Jurassic Park: The ride is a water adventure ride.
Revenge of the Mummy is a high speed in-door roller coaster.
It is considered by some guests as the "scariest/most intense ride" of the park.
The last and newest ride at the lower lot is Transformers 3D: The Ride.
Transformers 3D: The ride uses high tech technology to simulate 3D technology.
It is somewhat similar to the Simpsons Ride, but with actual vehicle movement and includes more intense movements than the Simpsons Ride.
This is currently the most packed ride at the theme park and the ride with the longest wait time.
All 3 rides on the lower lot have a single rider line.
A single rider can use the single rider as many times he/she may desire to use.
Similar to other Universal theme parks around the world, where duplicates of Jurassic Park: The Ride exist, the area surrounding the ride features a Jurassic Park merchandise shop named Jurassic Outfitters and a dining facility named Jurassic Café.
Similarly a Revenge of the Mummy gift shop, called Tomb Treasures, greets guests as they exit that ride.
Article: Racquetball
Section: Service

Question: Give the name of the most common jam serve.

Shots of the game.
Serve style varies drastically from player to player.
Generally, they are divided into two types: offensive and defensive.
Most players use an offensive serve for the first serve, and a defensive serve if they need to hit a second serve.
Of the offensive serves, the most common is the drive.
The intention with this serve is for the ball to travel low and fast towards either back corner, and to bounce twice before striking either side wall or the back wall.
If the opponent is adjusting to the drive serve, the server will throw in any variety of jam serves.
A "jam serve" is an offensive serve which attempts to catch the opponent off balance by making use of difficult angles and unfrequented play space.
The most common jam serve is the Z-serve, which strikes the front wall close to a side wall.
The ball bounces quickly off the side wall, then strikes the floor and then the opposite side wall about 30–35 feet back.
Depending upon the spin the server gives the Z-serve, the resulting carom may prove unpredictable and difficult to return.
Side spin may cause the ball to bounce parallel to the back wall.
A "pinch serve" is similar to a drive serve; however, the ball strikes a side wall very low and close to the serving box.
With the appropriate spin, the ball has little bounce, and is difficult to return.
It is possible that a successful serve would strike the sidewall before the short line, and land on the floor after the short line.
If the player faults on the first serve, they will usually hit a defensive serve.
Defensive serves do not usually garner aces, but they are designed to generate a weak return by the opponent, thereby setting up the server to win the point.
Most defensive serves are any variety of lob serves.
A plain lob serve is a ball hit with a long, high arch into either back corner.
The goal is to hit the ball so that it lands as close as possible to the back wall, giving the opponent very little room to hit a solid return.
A junk lob takes a shallower arch, and lands close to the side wall somewhere between the dotted line and the back wall.
This lob is intended to deceive the opponent into thinking he has an easy kill.
However, since the ball is in the deep zone, it will more likely set up the server for an offensive shot.