community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: National Air and Space Museum
Section: Controversies

Question: What date did the Smithsonian food workers protest?

Controversy erupted in March 1994 over a proposed commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Japan.
The centerpiece of the exhibit was the "Enola Gay", the B-29 bomber that dropped the A-bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Veterans' groups, led by the Air Force Association and The Retired Officers Association, argued strongly that the exhibit's inclusion of Japanese accounts and photographs of victims politicized the exhibit and insulted U.S. airmen.
Also disputed was the predicted number of U.S. casualties that would have resulted from an invasion of Japan, had that been necessary, after the museum director, Martin O. Harwit, unilaterally reduced the figure by 75% on January 9, 1995, at the height of the dispute.
On January 18 the American Legion called for a congressional investigation of the matter, and on January 24, 1995, 81 members of Congress called for Harwit's resignation.
Harwit was forced to resign on May 2.
Although the exhibit was "radically reduced" and criticized by the "New York Times" as "the most diminished display in Smithsonian history," the Air and Space Museum placed the forward fuselage of the "Enola Gay" and other items on display as part of a non-political historical exhibition.
Within a year, it had drawn more than a million visitors, making it the most popular special exhibition in the history of the NASM, and when the exhibition closed in May 1998, it had drawn nearly four million visitors.
On October 8, 2011, the museum was temporarily closed after demonstrators associated with the Occupy D.C. demonstration attempted to enter the museum.
Some protesters were pepper sprayed by museum security after a guard was pinned against a wall.
One woman was arrested.
On December 5, 2013, Smithsonian food workers protested about a living wage.
A journalist was detained for filming.
Article: Where Have You Been
Section: Critical reception

Question: Who wrote the song?

"Where Have You Been" garnered positive reviews from music critics.
Andy Kellman for Allmusic wrote that "Where Have You Been", along with the album's lead single "We Found Love", serve as "Talk That Talk"s "place-holding" dance tracks.
Greg Kot for the "Chicago Tribune" compared "Where Have You Been" and "We Found Love" for being "rave-tastic."
Aside from noting the similarities between the two songs, Randell Roberts for "Los Angeles Times" wrote that neither song would sound out of place at an Electric Daisy Carnival.
Julianne Escobedo Shepherd for "Spin" also wrote that the song was a perfect play for a festival, writing Where Have You Been' is tailor-made for a Coachella pool rave."
Jon Caramanica for "The New York Times" was complimentary of both songs, but wrote that "Where Have You Been" "is even better."
Mark Graham for VH1 compared the song to one of Rihanna's previous singles from her 2007 album "Good Girl Gone Bad", "Don't Stop the Music", writing Where Have You Been will almost certainly be Rihanna's biggest club smash since 'Don't Stop the Music'.
"Robert Copsey for Digital Spy shared the same opinion as Graham, writing "We labelled 'Where Have You Been' the record's 'Don't Stop The Music'."
He continued to give an explanation as to why the songs are similar writing "On the surface, similarities between the two are almost non-existent, but on closer inspection, not only are they the danciest cuts on their respective LPs, they're both favourites that fans have been eager to see get an official release."
Copsey concluded his review praising the song and Rihanna, writing "Like Rihanna herself, it's hectic, confident and unashamedly sexual."
Meghan Brownfield for the "Columbia Missourian" praised the song as a track which people will want to dance to as well as writing that the lyrics ensure that the listener pays attention to the lyrics, saying "It is a song you would hear in a club that everyone would want to dance to.
This song makes you want to move, and it also has some strong lyrics that make you focus on what she is saying."
Matthew Cole for Slant Magazine, however, was critical of the song, writing that the song is a "boring dubstep-normalizing dance number reminiscent of LMFAO," as well as Rihanna's own "We Found Love".
Article: Racquetball
Section: Service

Question: What do you call a ball hit with a long, high arch into either back corner of the court?

Shots of the game.
Serve style varies drastically from player to player.
Generally, they are divided into two types: offensive and defensive.
Most players use an offensive serve for the first serve, and a defensive serve if they need to hit a second serve.
Of the offensive serves, the most common is the drive.
The intention with this serve is for the ball to travel low and fast towards either back corner, and to bounce twice before striking either side wall or the back wall.
If the opponent is adjusting to the drive serve, the server will throw in any variety of jam serves.
A "jam serve" is an offensive serve which attempts to catch the opponent off balance by making use of difficult angles and unfrequented play space.
The most common jam serve is the Z-serve, which strikes the front wall close to a side wall.
The ball bounces quickly off the side wall, then strikes the floor and then the opposite side wall about 30–35 feet back.
Depending upon the spin the server gives the Z-serve, the resulting carom may prove unpredictable and difficult to return.
Side spin may cause the ball to bounce parallel to the back wall.
A "pinch serve" is similar to a drive serve; however, the ball strikes a side wall very low and close to the serving box.
With the appropriate spin, the ball has little bounce, and is difficult to return.
It is possible that a successful serve would strike the sidewall before the short line, and land on the floor after the short line.
If the player faults on the first serve, they will usually hit a defensive serve.
Defensive serves do not usually garner aces, but they are designed to generate a weak return by the opponent, thereby setting up the server to win the point.
Most defensive serves are any variety of lob serves.
A plain lob serve is a ball hit with a long, high arch into either back corner.
The goal is to hit the ball so that it lands as close as possible to the back wall, giving the opponent very little room to hit a solid return.
A junk lob takes a shallower arch, and lands close to the side wall somewhere between the dotted line and the back wall.
This lob is intended to deceive the opponent into thinking he has an easy kill.
However, since the ball is in the deep zone, it will more likely set up the server for an offensive shot.
Article: Poutine
Section: Etymology

Question: How many meanings for poutine are there?

The "Dictionnaire historique du français québécois" lists 15 different meanings of "poutine" in Quebec and Acadian French, most of which are for kinds of food; the word "poutine" in the meaning "fries with cheese and gravy" is dated to 1978.
Other definitions of the word have been in use at least since 1810.
While the exact provenance of the word ""poutine"" is uncertain, some of its meanings undoubtedly result at least in part from the influence of the English word "pudding".
Among its various culinary senses, that of "a dessert made from flour or bread crumbs" most clearly shows this influence; the word "pouding", borrowed from the English "pudding", is in fact a synonym in this sense.
The pejorative meaning "fat person" of "poutine" (used especially in speaking of a woman) is believed to derive from the English "pudding" "a person or thing resembling a pudding" or "stout, thick-set person".
In other meanings of "poutine", the existence of a relation to the English word "pudding" is uncertain.
One of these additional meanings — the one from which the name of the dish with fries is thought to derive — is "unappetizing mixture of various foods, usually leftovers."
This sense may also have given rise to the meaning "complicated business, complex organization; set of operations whose management is difficult or problematic.
"The "Dictionnaire historique" mentions the possibility that the form "poutine" is simply a gallicization of the word "pudding".
However, it considers it more likely that it was inherited from regional languages spoken in France, and that some of its meanings resulted from the later influence of the similar-sounding English word "pudding".
It cites the Provençal forms "poutingo" "bad stew" and "poutité" "hodgepodge" or "crushed fruit or foods"; "poutringo" "mixture of various things" in Languedocien; and "poutringue", "potringa" "bad stew" in Franche-Comté as possibly related to "poutine".
The meaning "fries with cheese and gravy" of "poutine" is among those held as probably unrelated to "pudding" provided the latter view is correct.
Article: Assassination of John F. Kennedy
Section: Reaction to the assassination

Question: When was Pearl Harbor first attacked?

The assassination evoked stunned reactions worldwide.
Before the President's death was announced, the first hour after the shooting was a time of great confusion.
Taking place during the Cold War, it was at first unclear whether the shooting might be part of a larger attack upon the U.S., and whether Vice-President Lyndon Johnson, who had been riding two cars behind in the motorcade, was safe.
The news shocked the nation.
People wept openly and gathered in department stores to watch the television coverage, while others prayed.
Traffic in some areas came to a halt as the news spread from car to car.
Schools across the U.S. dismissed their students early.
Anger against Texas and Texans was reported from some individuals.
Various Cleveland Browns fans, for example, carried signs at the next Sunday's home game against the Dallas Cowboys decrying the city of Dallas as having "killed the President".
The event left a lasting impression on many Americans.
As with the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor before it and the September 11, 2001 attacks after it, asking "Where were you when you heard about President Kennedy's assassination" would become a common topic of discussion.
Article: Victoria Peak
Section: Tourism

Question: When was Peak Lookout Restaurant rebuilt?

With some seven million visitors every year, the Peak is a major tourist attraction of Hong Kong.
It offers spectacular views of the city and its harbours.
The viewing deck also has coin operated telescopes that the visitors can use to enjoy the cityscape.
The number of visitors led to the construction of two major leisure and shopping centres, the Peak Tower and the Peak Galleria, situated adjacent to each other.
The Peak Tower incorporates the upper station of the Peak Tram, the funicular railway that brings passengers up from the St. John's Cathedral in Hong Kong's Central district, whilst the Peak Galleria incorporates the bus station used by the Hong Kong public buses and green minibuses on the Peak.
The Peak is also accessible by taxi and private car via the circuitous Peak Road, or by walking up the steep Old Peak Road from near the Zoological Botanical Gardens.
Victoria Peak Garden is located on the site of Mountain Lodge, the Governor's old summer residence, and is the closest publicly accessible point to the summit.
It can be reached from Victoria Gap by walking up Mount Austin Road, a climb of about .
Another popular walk is the level loop along Lugard Road, giving good views of Hong Kong's Central district and Kowloon, and then returning via Harlech Road, encircling the summit at the level of the Peak Tower.
There are several restaurants on Victoria Peak, most of which are located in the two shopping centres.
However, the Peak Lookout Restaurant, is housed in an older and more traditional building which was originally a spacious house for engineers working on the Peak Tramway.
It was rebuilt in 1901 as a stop area for sedan chairs, but was re-opened as a restaurant in 1947.
In addition to being a major tourist attraction for Hong Kong, The Peak is also the summit of Hong Kong's property market.
At the peak of The Peak, properties are more precious than anywhere else in the world.
Most of the super rich in Hong Kong - including Cheung Kong (Holdings) chairman Li Ka-shing and the Kwok brothers of Sun Hung Kai Properties - live in detached houses in Island South or The Peak.
A house at Barker Road (where Hong Kong's most expensive residential buildings are located) sold for HK$1.8 billion last year.
At $68,228 per square foot, it is the most expensive location in the world.
The buyer is reported to be a Hong Kong billionaire, Lee Shau-kee.
On January 12.
2014, a Barker Road property sold at over HK$100k (US$13k) per square foot for HK$690 million.
Article: Dissolution of the Monasteries
Section: Arts and culture

Question: When monastic libraries were destoryed, what was lost?

Along with the destruction of the monasteries, some of them many hundreds of years old, the related destruction of the monastic libraries was perhaps the greatest cultural loss caused by the English Reformation.
Worcester Priory (now Worcester Cathedral) had 600 books at the time of the dissolution.
Only six of them are known to have survived intact to the present day.
At the abbey of the Augustinian Friars at York, a library of 646 volumes was destroyed, leaving only three known survivors.
Some books were destroyed for their precious bindings, others were sold off by the cartload.
The antiquarian John Leland was commissioned by the King to rescue items of particular interest (especially manuscript sources of Old English history), and other collections were made by private individuals; notably Matthew Parker.
Nevertheless much was lost, especially manuscript books of English church music, none of which had then been printed.
Article: Las Vegas Strip
Section: Current

Question: What is adjacent to Treasure Island and opposite Wynn Las Vegas?

 Bonanza Gift Shop is billed as the "World's Largest Gift Shop", with over of shopping space.
 The Shoppes at The Palazzo feature luxury stores including the only Barneys New York department store in Las Vegas.
 Fashion Show Mall is adjacent to Treasure Island and opposite Wynn Las Vegas.
 Grand Canal Shoppes is a luxury mall connected to The Venetian with canals, gondolas and singing gondoliers.
 Miracle Mile is part of the Planet Hollywood hotel.
 The Forum Shops at Caesars is a luxury mall connected to Caesars Palace, with more than 160 shops and 11 restaurants.
 Crystals at CityCenter is a luxury high-fashion mall at CityCenter.
 Harmon Corner is a three story retail center located next to Planet Hollywood with shops and restaurants.
Article: Vietnam
Section: Administrative subdivisions

Question: How many municipalities are there in Vietnam?

Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces (Vietnamese: "tỉnh", from the Chinese 省, "shěng").
There are also five municipalities ("thành phố trực thuộc trung ương"), which are administratively on the same level as provinces.
The provinces are subdivided into provincial municipalities ("thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh"), townships ("thị xã") and counties ("huyện"), which are in turn subdivided into towns ("thị trấn") or communes ("xã").
The centrally controlled municipalities are subdivided into districts ("quận") and counties, which are further subdivided into wards ("phường").
Article: Portugal
Section: Visual arts

Question: Who was heavily influenced by French painters?

Portugal has a rich history in painting.
The first well-known painters date back to the 15th century – like Nuno Gonçalves – were part of the Gothic painting period.
José Malhoa, known for his work "Fado", and Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (who painted the portraits of Teófilo Braga and Antero de Quental) were both references in naturalist painting.
The 20th century saw the arrival of Modernism, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly by the Delaunays.
Among his best known works is "Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro".
Another great modernist painters/writers were Carlos Botelho and Almada Negreiros, friend to the poet Fernando Pessoa, who painted his (Pessoa's) portrait.
He was deeply influenced by both Cubist and Futurist trends.
Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego.
Article: The Big Bang Theory
Section: DVD/Blu-ray releases

Question: From which seasons are there gag reels?

 Despite the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth seasons receiving Blu-ray releases in conjunction with their DVD releases, the first and second seasons were only available on DVD upon their time of release.
Warner Bros. has since released the first two seasons on Blu-ray/DVD combo packs with UltraViolet downloads on July 10, 2012.
All of the episodes from seasons 1 & 2 on Blu-ray received newly remastered surround-sound audio, with the first season sporting a never-before-seen gag reel, which was not included during the initial first season DVD release.
Article: American Revolution
Section: The end of the war

Question: Who wanted to continue fighting ?

Support for the conflict had never been strong in Britain, where many sympathized with the rebels, but now it reached a new low.
Although King George III personally wanted to fight on, his supporters lost control of Parliament, and no further major land offensives were launched in the American Theater.
Washington could not know that after Yorktown the British would not reopen hostilities.
They still had 26,000 troops occupying New York City, Charleston and Savannah, together with a powerful fleet.
The French army and navy departed, so the Americans were on their own in 1782–83.
The treasury was empty, and the unpaid soldiers were growing restive, almost to the point of mutiny or possible "coup d'état".
The unrest among officers of the Newburgh Conspiracy was personally dispelled by Washington in 1783, and Congress subsequently created the promise of a five years bonus for all officers.
Article: A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Section: Overview

Question: How long did it take Seurat to paint "A Sunday Afternoon"?

Georges Seurat spent over two years painting "A Sunday Afternoon", focusing meticulously on the landscape of the park.
He reworked the original as well as completed numerous preliminary drawings and oil sketches.
He sat in the park, creating numerous sketches of the various figures in order to perfect their form.
He concentrated on the issues of colour, light, and form.
The painting is approximately 2 by 3 meters (7 by 10 feet) in size.
Motivated by study in optical and color theory, Seurat contrasted miniature dots or small brushstrokes of colors that when unified optically in the human eye were perceived as a single shade or hue.
He believed that this form of painting, called divisionism at the time but now known as pointillism, would make the colors more brilliant and powerful than standard brush strokes.
The use of dots of almost uniform size came in the second year of his work on the painting, 1885–86.
To make the experience of the painting even more vivid, he surrounded it with a frame of painted dots, which in turn he enclosed with a pure white, wooden frame, which is how the painting is exhibited today at the Art Institute of Chicago.
In creating the picture, Seurat employed the then-new pigment zinc yellow (zinc chromate), most visibly for yellow highlights on the lawn in the painting, but also in mixtures with orange and blue pigments.
In the century and more since the painting's completion, the zinc yellow has darkened to brown — a colour degeneration that was already showing in the painting in Seurat's lifetime.
The island of la Grande Jatte is located at the very gates of Paris, lying in the Seine between Neuilly and Levallois-Perret, a short distance from where currently stands La Défense business district.
Although for many years it was an industrial site, it is today the site of a public garden and a housing development.
When Seurat began the painting in 1884, the island was a bucolic retreat far from the urban center.
The painting was first exhibited in 1886, dominating the second Salon of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, of which Seurat had been a founder in 1884.
Article: France
Section: Cinema

Question: What percentage of french films account for the total film revenues of France

France has historical and strong links with cinema, with two Frenchmen, Auguste and Louis Lumière (known as the Lumière Brothers) having created cinema in 1895.
France remains a leader in filmmaking, as of 2006 producing more films than any other European country.
The nation also hosts the Cannes Festival, one of the most important and famous film festivals in the world.
Although the French film market is dominated by Hollywood, France is the only nation in the world where American films make up the smallest share of total film revenues, at 50%, compared with 77% in Germany and 69% in Japan.
French films account for 35% of the total film revenues of France, which is the highest percentage of national film revenues in the developed world outside the United States, compared to 14% in Spain and 8% in the UK.
Until recently, France had for centuries been the cultural center of the world, although its dominant position has been surpassed by the United States.
Subsequently, France takes steps in protecting and promoting its culture, becoming a leading advocate of the cultural exception.
The nation succeeded in convincing all EU members to refuse to include culture and audiovisuals in the list of liberalized sectors of the WTO in 1993.
Moreover, this decision was confirmed in a voting in the UNESCO in 2005, and the principle of "cultural exception" won an overwhelming victory: 198 countries voted for it, only 2 countries, the U.S and Israel, voted against it.
Article: Vegetable
Section: Etymology

Question: When was the word "vegetable" first recorded in English?

The word "vegetable" was first recorded in English in the early 15th century from Old French, and was in origin applied to any plant.
This is still the sense of the adjective "vegetable" in biological context.
The word is taken from Medieval Latin "vegetabilis" "growing, flourishing" (i.e.
of a plant), a semantic change from a Late Latin meaning "to be enlivening, quickening", a derivation of the verb "vegetare" "enliven", which is derived from "vegetus" "to be alive, active" (related to "vigor"), in reference to the process of a plant growing.
In 1767, the meaning of the term "vegetable" was specified to mean "plant cultivated for food, edible herb or root."
The year 1955 noted the first use of the shortened, slang term "veggie".
As an adjective, the word "vegetable" is used in scientific and technical contexts with a different and much broader meaning, namely of "related to plants" in general, edible or not — as in "vegetable matter", "vegetable kingdom", "vegetable origin", etc.
The meaning of "vegetable" as "plant grown for food" was not established until the 18th century.