community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Shrek
Section: Abstract

Question: Who was originally cast for the voice of Shrek?

Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy-comedy film produced by PDI/DreamWorks, released by DreamWorks Pictures, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, featuring the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow.
It is loosely based on William Steig's 1990 fairy tale picture book "Shrek!
", and somewhat serves as a parody film, targeting other films adapted from numerous children's fantasies (mainly animated Disney films).
The film made notable use of popular music; the soundtrack includes music by Smash Mouth, Eels, Joan Jett, The Proclaimers, Jason Wade, Baha Men, and John Cale (covering Leonard Cohen).
The rights to the books were originally bought by Steven Spielberg in 1991, before the founding of DreamWorks, when he thought about making a traditionally animated film based on the book.
However, John H. Williams convinced him to bring the film to DreamWorks in 1994, the time the studio was founded, and the film was put quickly into active development by Jeffrey Katzenberg after the rights were bought by the studio in 1995.
"Shrek" originally cast Chris Farley to do the voice for the title character, recording about 80%–90% of his dialog.
After Farley died in 1997 before he could finish, Mike Myers was brought in to work for the character, who after his first recording decided to record his voice in a Scottish accent.
The film was also originally planned to be motion-captured, but after poor results, the studio decided to get PDI to help "Shrek" get its final computer-animated look.
Earning $484.4 million at the worldwide box office, the film was a critical and commercial success.
"Shrek" also received promotion from food chains such as Baskin-Robbins (promoting the film's DVD release) and Burger King.
It was acclaimed as an animated film worthy of adult interest, with many adult-oriented jokes and themes but a simple enough plot and humour to appeal to children.
"Shrek" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
The film was also nominated for six British Academy of Film and Television Arts awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Eddie Murphy for his voice-over performance as Donkey, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
The film's main (and title) character was awarded his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2010.
"Shrek" established DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in the field of feature film animation, particularly in computer animation.
The film's success prompted DreamWorks to create three sequels, "Shrek 2", "Shrek the Third", and "Shrek Forever After", two holiday specials, "Shrek the Halls" and "Scared Shrekless", and a spin-off film, "Puss in Boots".
A fifth film, planned as the last of the series, was cancelled in 2009 with the announcement that the fourth film would conclude the series.
The film's success also inspired other merchandise, such as video games, a stage musical and even a comic book by Dark Horse Comics.
Article: Stonehenge
Section: Before the monument (8000 BC forward)

Question: When as the Stonehenge Cursus built?

Before the monument (8000 BC forward).
Archaeologists have found four, or possibly five, large Mesolithic postholes (one may have been a natural tree throw), which date to around 8000 BC, beneath the nearby modern tourist car-park.
These held pine posts around in diameter which were erected and eventually rotted "in situ".
Three of the posts (and possibly four) were in an east-west alignment which may have had ritual significance; no parallels are known from Britain at the time but similar sites have been found in Scandinavia.
Salisbury Plain was then still wooded but 4,000 years later, during the earlier Neolithic, people built a causewayed enclosure at Robin Hood's Ball and long barrow tombs in the surrounding landscape.
In approximately 3500 BC, a Stonehenge Cursus was built north of the site as the first farmers began to clear the trees and develop the area.
Article: Niagara Falls
Section: Literature

Question: What novel features the Niagara Falls area as a base camp?

The Niagara Falls area features as the base camp for a German aerial invasion of the United States in the H. G. Wells novel "The War in the Air".
Many poets have been inspired to write about the falls.
Among them is the Cuban poet Jose Maria Heredia who wrote the poem ""Niagara"".
There are commemorative plaques on both sides of the falls recognising the poem.
Article: Table tennis
Section: Flick

Question: A shot is called a flick when what happens?

When a player tries to attack a ball that has not bounced beyond the edge of the table, the player does not have the room to wind up in a "backswing".
The ball "may still be attacked", however, and the resulting shot is called a flick because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action.
A flick is not a single stroke and can resemble either a drive or a loop in its characteristics.
What identifies the stroke is the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick.
Article: French fries
Section: Frozen fries

Question: In what year did McDonald replace fresh-cut potatoes with frozen fries?

Spreading popularity.
Frozen fries.
The J. R. Simplot Company is credited with successfully commercializing French fries in frozen form during the 1940s.
Subsequently, in 1967, Ray Kroc of McDonald's contracted the Simplot company to supply them with frozen fries, replacing fresh-cut potatoes.
In 2004, 29% of the United States' potato crop were used to make frozen fries – 90% consumed by the food services sector and 10% by retail.
It is estimated that 80% of households in the UK buy frozen fries each year.
Canada's McCain Foods is the world's leading producer of frozen fries.
Article: Gravitational wave
Section: Sources of gravitational waves

Question: What are gravitational waves?

In general terms, gravitational waves are radiated by objects whose motion involves acceleration, provided that the motion is not perfectly spherically symmetric (like an expanding or contracting sphere) or cylindrically symmetric (like a spinning disk or sphere).
A simple example of this principle is provided by the spinning dumbbell.
If the dumbbell spins like wheels on an axle, it will not radiate gravitational waves; if it tumbles end over end like two planets orbiting each other, it will radiate gravitational waves.
The heavier the dumbbell, and the faster it tumbles, the greater is the gravitational radiation it will give off.
If we imagine an extreme case in which the two weights of the dumbbell are massive stars like neutron stars or black holes, orbiting each other quickly, then significant amounts of gravitational radiation would be given off.
Some more detailed examples:
Two objects orbiting each other in a quasi-Keplerian planar orbit (basically, as a planet would orbit the Sun) will radiate.
 A spinning non-axisymmetric planetoid — say with a large bump or dimple on the equator — will radiate.
 A supernova will radiate except in the unlikely event that the explosion is perfectly symmetric.
 An isolated non-spinning solid object moving at a constant velocity will not radiate.
This can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of linear momentum.
 A spinning disk will not radiate.
This can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
However, it "will" show gravitomagnetic effects.
 A spherically pulsating spherical star (non-zero monopole moment or mass, but zero quadrupole moment) will not radiate, in agreement with Birkhoff's theorem.
More technically, the third time derivative of the quadrupole moment (or the "l"-th time derivative of the "l"-th multipole moment) of an isolated system's stress–energy tensor must be nonzero in order for it to emit gravitational radiation.
This is analogous to the changing dipole moment of charge or current necessary for electromagnetic radiation.
Article: American Gothic
Section: Creation

Question: What did Grant Wool make a sketch of after getting permission from the Jones Family?

In August 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, was driven around Eldon, Iowa by a young painter from Eldon, John Sharp, looking for inspiration.
Wood noticed the Dibble House, a small white house built in the Carpenter Gothic architectural style.
Sharp's brother suggested in 1973 that it was on this drive that Wood first sketched the house on the back of an envelope.
Wood's earliest biographer, Darrell Garwood, noted that Wood "thought it a form of borrowed pretentiousness, a structural absurdity, to put a Gothic-style window in such a flimsy frame house."
At the time, Wood classified it as one of the "cardboardy frame houses on Iowa farms" and considered it "very paintable".
After obtaining permission from the Jones family, the house's owners, Wood made a sketch the next day in oil on paperboard from the house's front yard.
This sketch displayed a steeper roof and a longer window with a more pronounced ogive than on the actual house, features which eventually adorned the final work.
Wood decided to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house."
He recruited his sister Nan (1899–1990) to model the woman, dressing her in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th-century Americana.
The man is modeled on Wood's dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby (1867–1950) from Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
The three-pronged hay fork is echoed in the stitching of the man's overalls, the Gothic window of the house, and the structure of the man's face.
However, Wood did not add figures to his sketch until he returned to his studio in Cedar Rapids.
He would not return to Eldon again before his death in 1942, although he did request a photograph of the home to complete his painting.
Article: As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)
Section: Track listings

Question: How long is the Ferry Corsten Remix?

Digital download
"As Long As You Love Me" (feat.
Big Sean) – 3:49
Digital Remixes EP
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Ferry Corsten Remix) - 5:42
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Ferry Corsten Club Dub) - 4:58
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Ferry Corsten Radio Mix) - 3:31
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Audiobot Remix) - 5:04
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Audiobot Instrumental) - 5:04
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Audiobot Radio Mix) - 3:55
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Paulo & Jackinsky Club Mix) - 7:41
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Paulo & Jackinsky Dub) - 7:26
 "As Long As You Love Me" (Paulo & Jackinsky Radio Mix) - 3:55
 "As Long As You Love Me" (feat.
Big Sean) (Audien Dubstep Radio Mix) - 4:03
 "As Long As You Love Me" (feat.
Big Sean) (Audien Dubstep Mix) - 4:37
 "As Long As You Love Me" (feat.
Big Sean) (Audien Luvstep Mix) - 4:37
Article: Netball
Section: Indoor netball

Question: How is a game of Indoor netball portioned into time periods?

Indoor netball.
Indoor netball is a variation of netball, played exclusively indoors, in which the playing court is surrounded on each side and overhead by a net.
The net prevents the ball from leaving the court, permitting faster play by reducing playing stoppages.
Different forms of indoor netball exist.
In a seven-per-side version called "action netball", seven players per team play with rules similar to netball.
However, a game is split into 15-minute halves with a three-minute break in between.
This version is played in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and England.
A six-per-side version of the sport is also played in New Zealand.
Two Centres per team can play in the whole court except the shooting circles; the remaining attacking and defending players are each restricted to one half of the court, including the shooting circles.
The attacking and Centre players may shoot from outside the shooting circle for a two-point goal.
A five-per-side game is also common in indoor netball.
Players can move throughout the court, with the exception of the shooting circles, which are restricted to certain attacking or defending players.
Article: Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
Section: Recordings

Question: The first measurable hit was performned by who in 1951?

The earliest known recorded version of the song was by banjoist Harry Reser and his band on October 24, 1934 (Decca 264A) featuring Tom Stacks on vocal, the version shown in the Variety charts of December 1934.
The song was a sheet music hit, reaching #1.
The song was also recorded on September 26, 1935, by Tommy Dorsey & His Orchestra.
The song is a traditional standard at Christmas time, and has been covered by numerous recording artists.
The 1951 version by Perry Como was the first measurable hit, and in 1963 the Four Seasons version charted at #23 on Billboard.
In 1970 Rankin-Bass produced an hour-long animated television special based on the song, with narrator Fred Astaire telling the original story of Santa Claus.
Many contemporary artists have recorded and performed various versions of the song, including a rock and roll version by Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band.
The song was recorded in a 1975 live version and eventually released in 1985 as a B-side to "My Hometown", a single from the "Born in the U.S.A." album.
Luis Miguel recorded the song in Spanish as "Santa Claus Llegó a La Ciudad" for his Christmas album "Navidades" (2006).
His version of the song peaked at #26 on the "Billboard" Latin Pop Songs chart.
Other well-known versions of this song include Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters (1943), Frank Sinatra (1948), the Ray Conniff Singers (1959), Alvin and the Chipmunks (1961), The Crystals (1963), The Beach Boys (1964), The Jackson 5 (1970), The Carpenters (1978), The Pointer Sisters (1987), Neil Diamond (1992), Mariah Carey (1994), George Strait (1996), Faith Hill (2008), Miley Cyrus (2008), Andrea Bocelli (2009), Love Händel from "Phineas and Ferb" (2010), Justin Bieber (2011), Michael Bublé (2011), Mark Salling and Cory Monteith on "Glee" (2011), Colbie Caillat (2012), Rod Stewart (2012) and Dannii Minogue (2013).
Article: Navy Pier
Section: Third use: college classroom

Question: What did Caveny stay as?

With the war over, Navy Pier went to the University of Illinois, which used the facility beginning in 1946 for a two-year undergraduate program primarily serving returning veterans.
From the former Navy staff, Caveny stayed as the Undergraduate Division Dean, and Wolleson as the Dean of Students.
During its University of Illinois days, Navy Pier was also the site of a string of public events.
The International Exhibitions of the early 1960s drew attractions from around the world, including circus and folkloric dance acts, arts and crafts, and international cuisine.
In 1965, the University moved to the Chicago Circle campus, and the Pier again fell into disuse.
Article: Operation Barbarossa
Section: Aftermath

Question: When did the Germans mount a large-scale offensive against the Soviet Union called Case Blue?

With the failure of the Battle of Moscow, all German plans of a quick defeat of the Soviet Union had to be revised.
The Soviet counteroffensives in the winter of 1941 caused heavy casualties on both sides, but ultimately eliminated the German threat to Moscow.
Nevertheless, despite this setback, the Soviet Union had suffered heavily from the loss of large parts of its army, allowing the Germans to mount another large-scale offensive in the summer of 1942, called Case Blue, now directed towards the oil fields of Baku.
This offensive failed just as "Barbarossa" had: the Germans again conquered vast amounts of no-mans-land, but they had again failed to achieve their ultimate goals when they were defeated at Stalingrad.
By then, the Soviet war economy was fully operational, so the Soviet Union was able to simply outproduce the Germans, who were not prepared for a long war of attrition.
As a result, the Germans' last all-out offensive in 1943 at the battle of Kursk failed.
After three years of constant warfare, the Germans were exhausted; thus the Soviets were finally able to defeat the Germans decisively in Operation "Bagration" during the summer of 1944.
This led to a chain of Soviet victories which pushed the Germans back to Berlin in just one year, leading to the surrender of Germany on 8 May 1945.
Article: Solar System
Section: Kuiper belt

Question: Are there dwarf plants in the Kuiper belt?

The Kuiper belt is a great ring of debris similar to the asteroid belt, but consisting mainly of objects composed primarily of ice.
It extends between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun.
Though it is estimated to contain anything from dozens to thousands of dwarf planets, it is composed mainly of small Solar System bodies.
Many of the larger Kuiper belt objects, such as Quaoar, Varuna, and Orcus, may prove to be dwarf planets with further data.
There are estimated to be over 100,000 Kuiper belt objects with a diameter greater than 50 km, but the total mass of the Kuiper belt is thought to be only a tenth or even a hundredth the mass of Earth.
Many Kuiper belt objects have multiple satellites, and most have orbits that take them outside the plane of the ecliptic.
The Kuiper belt can be roughly divided into the "classical" belt and the resonances.
Resonances are orbits linked to that of Neptune (e.g.
twice for every three Neptune orbits, or once for every two).
The first resonance begins within the orbit of Neptune itself.
The classical belt consists of objects having no resonance with Neptune, and extends from roughly 39.4 AU to 47.7 AU.
Members of the classical Kuiper belt are classified as cubewanos, after the first of their kind to be discovered, , and are still in near primordial, low-eccentricity orbits.
Article: Cake
Section: Cake flour

Question: How can cake flour be sustituted in a given recipe?

 flour.
Special cake flour with a high starch-to-gluten ratio is made from fine-textured, soft, low-protein wheat.
It is strongly bleached, and compared to all-purpose flour, cake flour tends to result in cakes with a lighter, less dense texture.
Therefore, it is frequently specified or preferred in cakes meant to be soft, light, and or bright white, such as angel food cake.
However, if cake flour is called for, a substitute can be made by replacing a small percentage of all-purpose flour with cornstarch or removing two tablespoons from each cup of all-purpose flour.
Some recipes explicitly specify or permit all-purpose flour, notably where a firmer or denser cake texture is desired.
Article: Great Wall of China
Section: Early walls

Question: When was China unified by Qin Shi Huang?

Early walls.
The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring and Autumn period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.
During this time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders.
Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.
Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty.
Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the former state borders.
To position the empire against the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier.
Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources.
Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains.
There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls.
Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today.
The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands,if not up to a million, workers died building the Qin wall.
Later, the Han, Sui, and the Northern dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders.
The Tang and Song Dynasties did not build any walls in the region substantially.
The Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, who ruled Northern China throughout most of the 10th–13th centuries, constructed defensive walls in the 12th century, but those were located much to the north of the Great Wall as we know it, within today's Inner and Outer Mongolia.
Article: Set Fire to the Rain
Section: Live performances and usage in media

Question: Rescue Me used what song during the final season to promote the show?

Adele performed the song live for the first time on 29 April on "The Graham Norton Show".
She also performed the track on 3 May at Jools Holland along with the selections "Rolling in the Deep", "Don't You Remember" and "Take It All".
Adele also added the song to the set list of her second worldwide tour.
FX used "Set Fire to the Rain" to promote the final season of "Rescue Me" and the show's series finale.
The song was also featured in promotional ads for the TV series "Ringer" and "Revenge," which brought it airplay in the United States without her label having to release it to radio stations.
It was also used as an "insert theme" on the 2012 Fuji TV series "Iki mo dekinai natsu."
Article: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Section: Hibakusha

Question: Where can I find names of the hibakusha?

The survivors of the bombings are called , a Japanese word that literally translates to "explosion-affected people."
, 201,779 "hibakusha" were recognized by the Japanese government, most living in Japan.
The government of Japan recognizes about 1% of these as having illnesses caused by radiation.
The memorials in Hiroshima and Nagasaki contain lists of the names of the "hibakusha" who are known to have died since the bombings.
Updated annually on the anniversaries of the bombings, the memorials record the names of almost 450,000 deceased "hibakusha"; 286,818 in Hiroshima and 162,083 in Nagasaki.
"Hibakusha" and their children were (and still are) victims of severe discrimination in Japan due to public ignorance about the consequences of radiation sickness, with much of the public believing it to be hereditary or even contagious.
This is despite the fact that no statistically demonstrable increase of birth defects or congenital malformations was found among the later conceived children born to survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
A study of the long-term psychological effects of the bombings on the survivors found that even 17–20 years after the bombings had occurred survivors showed a higher prevalence of anxiety and somatization symptoms.