community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Sydney Opera House
Section: Significant changes to Utzon's design

Question: What is the reason for Utzon's designs being changed in the Sydney Opera House?

 The major hall, which was originally to be a multipurpose opera/concert hall, became solely a concert hall, called the Concert Hall.
The minor hall, originally for stage productions only, incorporated opera and ballet functions and was called the Opera Theatre, later renamed the Joan Sutherland Theatre.
As a result, the Joan Sutherland Theatre is inadequate to stage large-scale opera and ballet.
A theatre, a cinema and a library were also added.
These were later changed to two live drama theatres and a smaller theatre "in the round".
These now comprise the Drama Theatre, the Playhouse, and the Studio, respectively.
These changes were primarily because of inadequacies in the original competition brief, which did not make it adequately clear how the Opera House was to be used.
The layout of the interiors was changed, and the stage machinery, already designed and fitted inside the major hall, was pulled out and largely thrown away, as detailed in the 1968 BBC TV documentary "Autopsy on a Dream", which "chronicles the full spectrum of controversy surrounding the construction of the Sydney Opera House".
 Externally, the cladding to the podium and the paving (the podium was originally not to be clad down to the water, but to be left open).
 The construction of the glass walls (Utzon was planning to use a system of prefabricated plywood mullions, but a different system was designed to deal with the glass).
 Utzon's plywood corridor designs, and his acoustic and seating designs for the interior of both major halls, were scrapped completely.
His design for the Concert Hall was rejected as it only seated 2000, which was considered insufficient.
Utzon employed the acoustic consultant Lothar Cremer, and his designs for the major halls were later modelled and found to be very good.
The subsequent Todd, Hall and Littlemore versions of both major halls have some problems with acoustics, particularly for the performing musicians.
The orchestra pit in the Joan Sutherland Theatre is cramped and dangerous to musicians' hearing.
The Concert Hall has a very high roof, leading to a lack of early reflections onstage—perspex rings (the "acoustic clouds") hanging over the stage were added shortly before opening in an (unsuccessful) attempt to address this problem.
Article: Chilli crab
Section: Origins

Question: Cher Yam Tian told crabs and bottled chili sauce beginning with what methods?

In 1956, Cher Yam Tian and her husband Lim Choo Ngee began selling stir-fried crabs mixed with bottled chilli and tomato sauce from a pushcart.
This was an improvised recipe; the original one did not involve bottled chilli sauce.
A successful business selling this dish prompted the establishment of a non-mobile restaurant situated in Palm Beach.
In September 2009, Ng Yen Yen, Malaysia's Tourism Minister, controversially claimed that, among other dishes, that "Chilli crab is Malaysian", accusing "other countries" of "hijacking our food".
Evidence supporting her claim has yet to be put forth.
Article: Looper (film)
Section: Release

Question: When did Looper premier

"Looper" premiered on September 6, 2012 at the opening night of the Toronto International Film Festival.
The film was then released theatrically in the United States on , 2012 by FilmDistrict, who obtained the domestic rights from production company Endgame Entertainment at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.
In turn, FilmDistrict chose to release the film with TriStar Pictures.
The Chinese release of the film reintegrates a substantial number of scenes set in Shanghai.
The move was requested by Chinese production company DMG Entertainment in order to further appeal to Chinese audiences.
Several of these scenes were shortened or cut for the American release.
Johnson released a free audio commentary on SoundCloud to be downloaded and listened to during the film, with the warning: "Needless to say, this is NOT to be listened to on a first viewing, or before you've seen the film."
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Abstract

Question: "Chasing Cars" had sold how many copies by November 2011?

"Chasing Cars" is the second single from Snow Patrol's fourth album, "Eyes Open."
It was recorded in 2005 and released on 6 June 2006 in the US and 24 July 2006 in the UK as the album's second single.
The song gained significant popularity in the US after being featured in the second season finale of the popular medical drama "Grey's Anatomy.
"It became notable as one of the songs that revealed the impact of legal downloads on single sales in the UK, selling consistently for years after its release.
The song is Snow Patrol's biggest-selling single to date, ending 2006 as the UK's 14th best-selling single of the year and that year had the distinction of being the last song performed live on the BBC's "Top of the Pops".
In 2007, on the strength of downloads, it was the UK's 34th best-selling single of 2007.
The song peaked at number 6 in the UK Singles Chart, and number 5 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100.
At the 2007 Grammy Awards, "Chasing Cars" was nominated for Best Rock Song, and at the 2007 Brit Awards, the song was nominated for Best British Single.
In 2009, the PPL announced "Chasing Cars" was the most widely played song of the decade in the UK.
As of 26 August 2013, the song has spent 111 weeks on the official UK Top 75 Singles Chart and 154 on the Top 100 and has sold over 1,000,000 copies in the UK by October 2013.
It also sold 3,131,000 copies in the US by November 2011, making it one of the top 10 best-selling songs by a British artist in the digital era.
In a 2009 Channel 4 poll it was voted the number one "song of the noughties".
Article: Mona Lisa
Section: Frame

Question: In what year did the Mona Lisa get fitted?

Because the "Mona Lisa"'s poplar support expands and contracts with changes in humidity, the picture has experienced some warping.
In response to warping and swelling experienced during its storage during World War II, and to prepare the picture for an exhibit to honor the anniversary of Leonardo's 500th birthday, the "Mona Lisa" was fitted in 1951 with a flexible oak frame with beech crosspieces.
This flexible frame, which is used in addition to the decorative frame described below, exerts pressure on the panel to keep it from warping further.
In 1970, the beech crosspieces were switched to maple after it was found that the beechwood had been infested with insects.
In 2004–2005, a conservation and study team replaced the maple crosspieces with sycamore ones, and an additional metal crosspiece was added for scientific measurement of the panel's warp.
The "Mona Lisa" has had many different decorative frames in its history, owing to changes in taste over the centuries.
In 1909, the Comtesse de Béhague gave the portrait its current frame, a Renaissance-era work consistent with the historical period of the "Mona Lisa".
The edges of the painting have been trimmed at least once in its history to fit the picture into various frames, but no part of the original paint layer has been trimmed.
Article: Chile
Section: Tourism

Question: In which ocean is Easter Island located?

Tourism in Chile has experienced sustained growth over the last few decades.
In 2005, tourism grew by 13.6 percent, generating more than 4.5 billion dollars of which 1.5 billion is attributed to foreign tourists.
According to the National Service of Tourism (Sernatur), 2 million people a year visit the country.
Most of these visitors come from other countries in the American continent, mainly Argentina; followed by a growing number from the United States, Europe, and Brazil with a growing number of Asians from South Korea and PR China.
The main attractions for tourists are places of natural beauty situated in the extreme zones of the country: San Pedro de Atacama, in the north, is very popular with foreign tourists who arrive to admire the Incaic architecture, the altiplano lakes, and the Valley of the Moon.
In Putre, also in the north, there is the Chungará Lake, as well as the Parinacota and the Pomerape volcanoes, with altitudes of 6,348 m and 6,282 m, respectively.
Throughout the central Andes there are many ski resorts of international repute, including Portillo, Valle Nevado and Termas de Chillán.
The main tourist sites in the south are national parks (the most popular is Conguillío National Park in the Araucanía) and the coastal area around Tirúa and Cañete with the Isla Mocha and the Nahuelbuta National Park, Chiloé Archipelago and Patagonia, which includes Laguna San Rafael National Park, with its many glaciers, and the Torres del Paine National Park.
The central port city of Valparaíso, which is World Heritage with its unique architecture, is also popular.
Finally, Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean is one of the main Chilean tourist destinations.
For locals, tourism is concentrated mostly in the summer (December to March), and mainly in the coastal beach towns.
Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, La Serena and Coquimbo are the main summer centres in the north, and Pucón on the shores of Lake Villarrica is the main centre in the south.
Because of its proximity to Santiago, the coast of the Valparaíso Region, with its many beach resorts, receives the largest number of tourists.
Viña del Mar, Valparaíso's northern affluent neighbor, is popular because of its beaches, casino, and its annual song festival, the most important musical event in Latin America.
Pichilemu in the O'Higgins Region is widely known as South America's "best surfing spot" according to Fodor's.
In November 2005 the government launched a campaign under the brand "Chile: All Ways Surprising" intended to promote the country internationally for both business and tourism.
Museums in Chile such as the Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts built in 1880, feature works by Chilean artists.
Article: 2 Broke Girls
Section: Abstract

Question: When did 2 Broke Girls start airing?

2 Broke Girls is an American television sitcom created for Warner Bros. Television by Michael Patrick King and Whitney Cummings.
It premiered on CBS in the United States on September 19, 2011, during the 2011–12 television season.
On March 27, 2013, CBS announced that "2 Broke Girls" has been renewed for a third season, to air during the 2013–14 television season.
The series is set in the Williamsburg neighborhood of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, United States.
Its plot line follows the misadventures of the roommates Max Black (Kat Dennings) and Caroline Channing (Beth Behrs), who are both financially poor, and their efforts to start a cupcake business.
The first episode aired at 9:30 pm (E/P) after "Two and a Half Men" on September 19, 2011.
Later episodes followed "How I Met Your Mother" on Monday nights at 8:30 pm (E/P).
The series has received a generally positive response since its debut.
It was nominated for three 2012 Emmy Awards, winning for Art Direction.
On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed 2 Broke Girls for a fourth season.
Article: Parks and Recreation
Section: Websites

Question: what park's and recreation character is featured on www.ronswansongrill.com?

http://www.pawneeindiana.com/  — Fictional city of Pawnee website.
http://www.hoosiermate.com/  — Dating website featured in the third season episode "Soulmates.
"
http://www.scarecrowboat.com/  — Website for Andy's band Mouse Rat (formerly Scarecrow Boat), Pawnee, Indiana's #1 band.
http://www.entertainment720.com/  — Website for Tom and Jean-Ralphio's failed business venture, Entertainment 7wenty.
http://www.awesomesaucewedding.com/  — Andy and April's wedding site.
http://www.knope2012.com/  — Knope 2012 campaign site.
http://www.snakeholelounge.com/  — Website for the Snakehole Lounge, "Pawnee's sickest nightclub.
"
https://www.twitter.com/munchmeat2015  — Twitter account featured in "The Debate.
"
http://annsolo.tumblr.com  — Ann's personal blog (Tumblr), seen in the fifth season episode "Ann's Decision.
"
http://www.rentaswag.com   — Tom's high-end clothes rental for teens, tweens and everything in betweens
http://www.ronswansongrill.com   — Ron Swanson's grilling webpage
Article: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Section: Architecture

Question: What was designed by Calvert Vaux?

After negotiations with the City of New York in 1871, the Met was granted the land between the East Park Drive, Fifth Avenue, and the 79th and 85th Street Transverse Roads in Central Park.
A red-brick and stone "mausoleum" was designed by American architect Calvert Vaux and his collaborator Jacob Wrey Mould.
Vaux's ambitious building was not well received; the building's High Victorian Gothic style being already dated prior to completion, and the president of the Met termed the project "a mistake."
Within 20 years, a new architectural plan engulfing the Vaux building was already being executed.
Since that time, many additions have been made including the distinctive Beaux-Arts Fifth Avenue facade, Great Hall, and Grand Stairway.
These were designed by architect and Met trustee Richard Morris Hunt, but completed by his son, Richard Howland Hunt in 1902 after his father's death.
The wings that completed the Fifth Avenue facade in the 1910s were designed by the firm of McKim, Mead & White.
The modernistic glass sides and rear of the museum are the work of Roche-Dinkeloo.
Kevin Roche has been the architect for the master plan and expansion of the museum for the past 42 years.
He is responsible for designing all of its new wings and renovations including but not limited to the American Wing, Greek and Roman Court, and recently opened Islamic Wing.
As of 2010, the Met measures almost long and with more than of floor space, more than 20 times the size of the original 1880 building.
The museum building is an accretion of over 20 structures, most of which are not visible from the exterior.
The City of New York owns the museum building and contributes utilities, heat, and some of the cost of guardianship.
Article: Forrest Gump
Section: Abstract

Question: When did "Forest Gump" come out?

Forrest Gump is a 1994 American epic romantic comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom.
The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and starred Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise and Sally Field.
The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump, a naïve and slow-witted yet athletically prodigious native of Alabama who witnesses, and in some cases influences, some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century in the United States; more specifically, the period between Forrest's birth in 1944 and 1982.
The film differs substantially from Winston Groom's novel on which it is based, including Gump's personality and several events that were depicted.
Filming took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate the protagonist into archived footage and to develop other scenes.
A comprehensive soundtrack was featured in the film, using music intended to pinpoint specific time periods portrayed on screen.
Its commercial release made it a top-selling soundtrack, selling over 12 million copies worldwide.
Released in the United States on July 6, 1994, "Forrest Gump" received critical acclaim and became a commercial success as the top grossing film in North America released that year, being the first major success for Paramount Pictures since the studio's sale to Viacom earlier in the year.
The film earned over $677 million worldwide during its theatrical run.
The film won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director for Robert Zemeckis, Best Actor for Tom Hanks, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Visual Effects and Best Film Editing.
It also garnered multiple other awards and nominations, including Golden Globe Awards, People's Choice Awards and Young Artist Awards, among others.
Since the film's release, varying interpretations have been made of the film's protagonist and its political symbolism.
In 1996, a themed restaurant, Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, opened based on the film, and has since expanded to multiple locations worldwide.
The scene of Gump running across the country is often referred to when real-life people attempt the feat.
In 2011, the Library of Congress selected "Forrest Gump" for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Article: Invasion of Normandy
Section: Assessment of the battle

Question: Which were the first successful landings across the English Channel?

The Normandy landings were the first successful opposed landings across the English Channel in over eight centuries.
They were costly in terms of men, but the defeat inflicted on the Germans was one of the largest of the war.
Strategically, the campaign led to the loss of the German position in most of France and the secure establishment of a new major front.
In larger context the Normandy landings helped the Soviets on the Eastern front, who were facing the bulk of the German forces and, to a certain extent, contributed to the shortening of the conflict there.
Although there was a shortage of artillery ammunition, at no time were the Allies critically short of any necessity.
This was a remarkable achievement considering they did not hold a port until Cherbourg fell.
By the time of the breakout the Allies also enjoyed a considerable superiority in numbers of troops (approximately 7:2) and armoured vehicles (approximately 4:1) which helped overcome the natural advantages the terrain gave to the German defenders.
Allied intelligence and counterintelligence efforts were successful beyond expectations.
The Operation Fortitude deception before the invasion kept German attention focused on the Pas de Calais, and indeed high-quality German forces were kept in this area, away from Normandy, until July.
Prior to the invasion, few German reconnaissance flights took place over Britain, and those that did saw only the dummy staging areas.
Ultra decrypts of German communications had been helpful as well, exposing German dispositions and revealing their plans such as the Mortain counterattack.
Allied air operations also contributed significantly to the invasion, via close tactical support, interdiction of German lines of communication (preventing timely movement of supplies and reinforcements—particularly the critical Panzer units), and rendering the Luftwaffe ineffective in Normandy.
Although the impact upon armoured vehicles was less than expected, air activity intimidated these units and cut their supplies.
Despite initial heavy losses in the assault phase, Allied morale remained high.
Casualty rates among all the armies were tremendous, and the Commonwealth forces had to use a recently created category—Double Intense—to be able to describe them.
Article: Manhattan Project
Section: Soviet spies

Question: Who was the head of the Counter Intelligence Branch of the Western Defense Command?

The prospect of sabotage was always present, and sometimes suspected when there were equipment failures.
While there were some problems believed to be the result of careless or disgruntled employees, there were no confirmed instances of Axis-instigated sabotage.
However, on 10 March 1945, a Japanese fire balloon struck a power line, and the resulting power surge caused the three reactors at Hanford to be temporarily shut down.
With so many people involved, security was a difficult task.
A special Counter Intelligence Corps detachment was formed to handle the project's security issues.
By 1943, it was clear that the Soviet Union was attempting to penetrate the project.
Lieutenant Colonel Boris T. Pash, the head of the Counter Intelligence Branch of the Western Defense Command, investigated suspected Soviet espionage at the Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley.
Oppenheimer informed Pash that he had been approached by a fellow professor at Berkeley, Haakon Chevalier, about passing information to the Soviet Union.
The most successful Soviet spy was Klaus Fuchs, a member of the British Mission who played an important part at Los Alamos.
The 1950 revelation of Fuchs' espionage activities damaged the United States' nuclear cooperation with Britain and Canada.
Subsequently, other instances of espionage were uncovered, leading to the arrest of Harry Gold, David Greenglass and Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
Other spies like George Koval and Theodore Hall remained unknown for decades.
The value of the espionage is difficult to quantify, as the principal constraint on the Soviet atomic bomb project was a shortage of uranium ore.
The consensus is that espionage saved the Soviets one or two years of effort.
Article: Times Square
Section: New Year's Eve celebrations

Question: Where is the site of the annual New Year's Even Ball drop?

Times Square is the site of the annual New Year's Eve ball drop.
On December 31, 1907, a ball signifying New Year's Day was first dropped at Times Square, and the Square has held the main New Year's celebration in New York City ever since.
On that night, hundreds of thousands of people congregate to watch the Waterford Crystal ball being lowered on a pole atop the building, marking the start of the new year.
It replaced a lavish fireworks display from the top of the building that was held from 1904 to 1906, but stopped by city officials because of the danger of fire.
Beginning in 1908, and for more than eighty years thereafter, Times Square sign maker Artkraft Strauss was responsible for the ball-lowering.
During World War II, a minute of silence, followed by a recording of church bells pealing, replaced the ball drop because of wartime blackout restrictions.
Today, Countdown Entertainment and One Times Square handle the New Year's Eve event in conjunction with the Times Square Alliance.
A new energy-efficient LED ball, celebrating the centennial of the ball drop, debuted for the arrival of 2008.
The 2008/2009-ball, which was dropped on New Year's Eve (Wednesday, December 31, 2008) for the arrival of 2009, is larger and has become a permanent installation as a year-round attraction, being used for celebrations such as Valentine's Day and Halloween.
On average, about one million revelers crowd Times Square for the New Year's Eve celebrations.
However, for the millennium celebration on December 31, 1999, published reports stated approximately two million people overflowed Times Square, flowing from 6th Avenue to 8th Avenue and all the way back on Broadway and Seventh Avenues to 59th Street, making it the largest gathering in Times Square since August 1945 during celebrations marking the end of World War II.
Article: Archery
Section: Protective equipment

Question: What does "brassard" mean?

Most archers wear a bracer (also known as an arm-guard) to protect the inside of the bow arm from being hit by the string and prevent clothing from catching the bow string.
The bracer does not brace the arm; the word comes from the armoury term "brassard", meaning an armoured sleeve or badge.
The Navajo people have developed highly ornamented bracers as non-functional items of adornment.
Some archers (mostly women) also wear protection on their chests, called chestguards or plastrons.
The myth of the Amazons was that they had one breast removed to solve this problem.
Roger Ascham mentions one archer, presumably with an unusual shooting style, who wore a leather guard for his face.
The drawing digits are normally protected by a leather tab, glove, or thumb ring.
A simple tab of leather is commonly used, as is a skeleton glove.
Medieval Europeans probably used a complete leather glove.
Eurasiatic archers who used the thumb or Mongolian draw protected their thumbs, usually with leather according to the author of "Arab Archery", but also with special rings of various hard materials.
Many surviving Turkish and Chinese examples are works of considerable art.
Some are so highly ornamented that the users could not have used them to loose an arrow.
Possibly these were items of personal adornment, and hence value, remaining extant whilst leather had virtually no intrinsic value and would also deteriorate with time.
In traditional Japanese archery a special glove is used, provided with a ridge which is used to draw the string.