community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Disneyland
Section: Opening day

Question: How many people attended the opening of Disneyland?

Disneyland was dedicated at an "International Press Preview" event held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests and the media.
Although 28,000 people attended the event, only about half of those were actual invitees, the rest having purchased counterfeit tickets.
The following day, it opened to the public, featuring twenty attractions.
The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan.
ABC broadcast the event live, during which many guests tripped over the television camera cables.
In Frontierland, a camera caught Cummings kissing a dancer.
When Disney started to read the plaque for Tomorrowland, he read partway then stopped when a technician off-camera said something to him, and after realizing he was on-air, said, "I thought I got a signal", and began the dedication from the start.
At one point, while in Fantasyland, Linkletter tried to give coverage to Cummings, who was on the pirateship.
He was not ready, and tried to give the coverage back to Linkletter, who had lost his microphone.
Cummings then did a play-by-play of him trying to find it in front of Mr. Toad's Wild Ride.
Traffic was delayed on the two-lane Harbor Boulevard.
Famous figures who were scheduled to show up every two hours showed up all at once.
The temperature was an unusually high , and because of a local plumbers' strike, Disney was given a choice of having working drinking fountains or running toilets.
He chose the latter, leaving many drinking fountains dry.
This generated negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; disappointed guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell soda, while other vendors ran out of food.
The asphalt that had been poured that morning was soft enough to let ladies' high-heeled shoes sink into it.
A gas leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland, Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon.
Some parents threw their children over the crowd's shoulders to get them onto rides, such as the King Arthur Carrousel.
In later years, Disney and his 1955 executives referred to July 17, 1955 as "Black Sunday".
After the extremely negative press from the preview opening, Walt Disney invited attendees back for a private "second day" to experience Disneyland properly.
The next day, crowds gathered in line as early as 2:00 am.
The first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with ticket number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1 from Curtis Lineberry, the manager of admissions.
However, an official picture of Walt Disney and two children, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5) and Michael Schwartner (7), inaccurately identifies them as the first two guests of Disneyland.
Both received lifetime passes to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single Disney-owned park in the world.
Approximately 50,000 guests attended the Monday opening day.
Article: Yosemite National Park
Section: U.S. National Park Service

Question: When was the Yosemite Museum founded?

The National Park Service was formed in 1916, and Yosemite was transferred to that agency's jurisdiction.
Tuolumne Meadows Lodge, Tioga Pass Road, and campgrounds at Tenaya and Merced lakes were also completed in 1916.
Automobiles started to enter the park in ever-increasing numbers following the construction of all-weather highways to the park.
The Yosemite Museum was founded in 1926 through the efforts of Ansel Franklin Hall.
In 1903, a dam in the northern portion of the park was proposed.
Located in the Hetch Hetchy Valley, its purpose was to provide water and hydroelectric power to San Francisco.
Muir and the Sierra Club opposed the project, while others, including Gifford Pinchot, supported it.
In 1913, the U.S. Congress authorized the O'Shaughnessy Dam through passage of the Raker Act.
In the late 1920s, in an attempt that would be impossible to make today, a bid for Yosemite for the 1932 Winter Olympics was put forward.
(Ultimately, Lake Placid, New York, hosted.
)More recently, preservationists persuaded Congress to designate , or about 89% of the park, as the Yosemite Wilderness—a highly protected wilderness area.
The Park Service has reduced artificial inducements to visit the park, such as the "Firefall", in which red-hot embers were pushed off a cliff near Glacier Point at night.
Traffic congestion in Yosemite Valley during the summer months has become a concern.
Two electric buses commenced service in September 1995.
The buses are quiet and do not emit pollutants.
Eventually, all the buses in Yosemite will be electric.
The 1996 Yosemite Valley Landslide killed a hiker and the January 1997 Merced River flood damaged many roads and several campgrounds.
Article: September 11 attacks
Section: Other al-Qaeda members

Question: How many years of prison is Mounir el-Motassadeq serving for the September 11 hijacking?

In "Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed" from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, five people are identified as having been completely aware of the operation's details.
They are bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Turab al-Urduni and Mohammed Atef.
To date, only peripheral figures have been tried or convicted for the attacks.
On September 26, 2005, the Spanish high court sentenced Abu Dahdah to 27 years in prison for conspiracy on the 9/11 attacks and being a member of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda.
At the same time, another 17 al-Qaeda members were sentenced to penalties of between six and eleven years.
On February 16, 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court reduced the Abu Dahdah penalty to 12 years because it considered that his participation in the conspiracy was not proven.
Also in 2006, Moussaoui, who some originally suspected might have been the assigned 20th hijacker, was convicted for the lesser role of conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism and air piracy.
He is serving a life sentence without parole.
Mounir el-Motassadeq, an associate of the Hamburg-based hijackers, is serving 15 years for his role in helping the hijackers prepare for the attacks.
The Hamburg cell in Germany included radical Islamists who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks.
Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Said Bahaji were all members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell.
Article: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)
Section: Cardio dance DVDs

Question: When did the second workout DVD come out?

Cardio dance DVDs.
A DVD titled "Dancing With The Stars: Cardio Dance" was released on April 3, 2007 featuring Kym Johnson, Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Ashly DelGrosso.
The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from Cha-cha, paso doble, samba, and jive dance routines.
A second DVD "Dancing with the Stars: Latin Cardio Dance" was released on September 13, 2008 featuring Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Cheryl Burke.
The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from Cha-cha, Merengue, Samba and Mambo dance routines.
A third and fourth DVD was released featuring Kym Johnson, Dmitry Chaplin, and Lacey Schwimmer.
One DVD is called "Dance off the Pounds" and features three dances: the jive, the quickstep, and swing.
The other is "Dance Body Tone" and features a Latin dance mix, the tango, and freestyle dance mix.
Julianne Hough, two time "DWTS" winner, has also released her own workout DVD called "Dance with Julianne: Cardio Ballroom".
It includes the Paso Doble, the Cha-Cha, and the Jive.
It was released on December 15, 2009.
Julianne Hough, released her second workout DVD called "Dance With Julianne: Just Dance".
It includes Jazz, Hip Hop, Box Step, Three Step and Dance Classics.
It was released on November 9, 2010.
Article: Pakistan
Section: Colonial period

Question: What was the cause of the First Kashmir War?

The gradual decline of the Mughal Empire in the early eighteenth century enabled Sikh rulers to control large areas until the British East India Company gained ascendancy over South Asia.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was the region's major armed struggle against the British.
The largely non-violent independence struggle led by the Indian National Congress engaged millions of protesters in mass campaigns of civil disobedience in the 1920s and 1930s.
The All-India Muslim League rose to popularity in the late 1930s amid fears of under-representation and neglect of Muslims in politics.
In his presidential address of 29 December 1930, Muhammad Iqbal called for "the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State" consisting of Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, espoused the two-nation theory and led the Muslim League to adopt the Lahore Resolution of 1940, popularly known as the Pakistan Resolution.
In early 1947, Britain announced the decision to end its rule in India.
In June 1947, the nationalist leaders of British India—including Jawaharlal Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad representing the Congress, Jinnah representing the Muslim League, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs—agreed to the proposed terms of transfer of power and independence.
The modern state of Pakistan was established on 14 August 1947 (27 Ramadan 1366 in the Islamic Calendar) in the eastern and northwestern regions of British India, where there was a Muslim majority.
It comprised the provinces of Balochistan, East Bengal, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab and Sindh.
The partition of the Punjab and Bengal provinces led to communal riots across India and Pakistan; millions of Muslims moved to Pakistan and millions of Hindus and Sikhs moved to India.
Dispute over Jammu and Kashmir led to the First Kashmir War.
Article: Bathsheba
Section: Abstract

Question: Describe the bible story that Bathsheba is most known for.

According to the Hebrew Bible, Bathsheba (, "Bat Sheva", "daughter of the oath") (, "ابنة القسم") was the wife of Uriah the Hittite and later of David, king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah.
She is most known for the Bible story in which King David took her to sleep with him.
Bathsheba was a daughter of Eliam, one of David's "thirty" (2 Sam.
23:34; cf 1 Chr.
3:5); Eliam was the son of Ahitophel, one of David's chief advisors.
Ahitophel was from Giloh (Josh.
15:51;cf 2 Sam.
15:12), a city of Judah, and thus Bathsheba was from David's own tribe and the granddaughter of one of David's closest advisors (2 Sam.15:12)."
She was the mother of Solomon, who succeeded David as king, making her the Queen Mother.
Article: Grand Canyon
Section: Activities

Question: How close can flights get to the Grand Canyon?

Aside from casual sightseeing from the South Rim (averaging 7,000 feet [2,100 m] above sea level), rafting, hiking, running and helicopter tours are especially popular.
The Grand Canyon Ultra Marathon is a race over 24 hours.
The floor of the valley is accessible by foot, muleback, or by boat or raft from upriver.
Hiking down to the river and back up to the rim in one day is discouraged by park officials because of the distance, steep and rocky trails, change in elevation, and danger of heat exhaustion from the much higher temperatures at the bottom.
Rescues are required annually of unsuccessful rim-to-river-to-rim travelers.
Nevertheless, hundreds of fit and experienced hikers complete the trip every year.
Camping on the North and South Rims is generally restricted to established campgrounds and reservations are highly recommended, especially at the busier South Rim.
There is at large camping available along many parts of the North Rim managed by Kaibab National Forest.
North Rim campsites are only open seasonally due to road closures from weather and winter snowpack.
All overnight camping below the rim requires a backcountry permit from the Backcountry Office (BCO).
Each year Grand Canyon National Park receives approximately 30,000 requests for backcountry permits.
The park issues 13,000 permits, and close to 40,000 people camp overnight.
The earliest a permit application is accepted is the first of the month, four months before the proposed start month.
Tourists wishing for a more vertical perspective can board helicopters and small airplanes in Las Vegas, Phoenix and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (seven miles from the South Rim) for canyon flyovers.
Scenic flights are no longer allowed to fly within 1500 feet of the rim within the national park because of a late 1990s crash.
The last aerial video footage from below the rim was filmed in 1984.
However, some helicopter flights land on the Havasupai and Hualapai Indian Reservations within Grand Canyon (outside of the park boundaries).
Recently, the Hualapai Tribe opened the glass-bottomed Grand Canyon Skywalk on their property, Grand Canyon West.
The Skywalk has seen mixed reviews since the site is only accessible by driving down a dirt road, costs a minimum of $85 in total for reservation fees, a tour package and admission to the Skywalk itself and the fact that cameras or other personal equipment are not permitted on the Skywalk at any time due to the hazard of damaging the glass if dropped.
The Skywalk is about by road from Grand Canyon Village at the South Rim.
Article: The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)
Section: Description

Question: What was the center of focus in the Last Judgment by Michelangelo?

At the centre of the work is a depiction of Christ, captured in the moment preceding that when the verdict of the Last Judgement is uttered.
To Christ's right is his mother, Virgin Mary, who turns her head in a gesture of resignation.
Surrounding Christ in a slow rotary movement are figures, identified as the saints and the elect of God.
Most notable are Saint Peter, holding the keys of Heaven and Saint Bartholomew with his own skin which is usually recognized as being a self-portrait of Michelangelo.
In the centre of the lower section are the angels of the Apocalypse who are wakening the dead to the sound of long trumpets.
On the left the risen recover their bodies as they ascend towards heaven, on the right angels and demons fight over making the damned fall down to hell.
Below this detail is Charon (here the work invokes Greek mythology; Charon sails the ferry down the Styx), leading the damned into hell where they are greeted by Minos (see below), whose body is wrapped in the coils of the serpent.
Article: Scuba diving
Section: Rebreather

Question: What are rebreathers more complex and expensive than?

Less common are closed circuit (CCR) and semi-closed (SCR) rebreathers, which unlike open-circuit sets that vent off all exhaled gases, process all or part of each exhaled breath for re-use by removing the carbon dioxide and replacing the oxygen used by the diver.
Rebreathers release little or no gas bubbles into the water, and use much less stored gas volume, for an equivalent depth and time because exhaled oxygen is recovered; this has advantages for research, military, photography, and other applications.
Rebreathers are more complex and more expensive than open-circuit scuba, and special training and correct maintenance are required for them to be safely used, due to the larger variety of potential failure modes.
In a closed-circuit rebreather the oxygen partial pressure in the rebreather is controlled, so it can be maintained at a safe continuous maximum, which reduces the inert gas (nitrogen and/or helium) partial pressure in the breathing loop.
Minimising the inert gas loading of the diver's tissues for a given dive profile reduces the decompression obligation.
This requires continuous monitoring of actual partial pressures with time and for maximum effectiveness requires real-time computer processing by the diver's decompression computer.
Decompression can be much reduced compared to fixed ratio gas mixes used in other scuba systems and, as a result, divers can stay down longer or require less time to decompress.
A semi-closed circuit rebreather injects a constant mass flow of a fixed breathing gas mixture into the breathing loop, or replaces a specific percentage of the respired volume, so the partial pressure of oxygen at any time during the dive depends on the diver's oxygen consumption and/or breathing rate.
Planning decompression requirements requires a more conservative approach for a SCR than for a CCR, but decompression computers with a real time oxygen partial pressure input can optimise decompression for these systems.
Because rebreathers produce very few bubbles, they do not disturb marine life or make a diver’s presence known at the surface; this is useful for underwater photography, and for covert work.
Article: Chemotherapy
Section: Cytotoxics and targeted therapies

Question: Give the name of the relatively new class of cancer drugs that can overcome many of the issues seen with the use of cytotoxics?

Targeted therapies are a relatively new class of cancer drugs that can overcome many of the issues seen with the use of cytotoxics.
They are divided into two groups: small molecule and antibodies.
The massive toxicity seen with the use of cytotoxics is due to the lack of cell specificity of the drugs.
They will kill any rapidly dividing cell, tumor or normal.
Targeted therapies are designed to affect cellular proteins or processes that are utilised by the cancer cells.
This allows a high dose to cancer tissues with a relatively low dose to other tissues.
As different proteins are utilised by different cancer types, the targeted therapy drugs are used on a cancer type specific, or even on a patient specific basis.
Although the side effects are often less severe than that seen of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, life-threatening effects can occur.
Initially, the targeted therapeutics were supposed to be solely selective for one protein.
Now it is clear that there is often a range of protein targets that the drug can bind.
An example target for targeted therapy is the protein produced by the Philadelphia chromosome, a genetic lesion found commonly in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
This fusion protein has enzyme activity that can be inhibited by imatinib, a small molecule drug.
Article: Romania
Section: Middle Ages

Question: When did Transylvania become part of the Habsburg's Austrian empire?

"Gesta Hungarorum" mentioned the existence of three voivodeships in Transylvania in the 9th century: the Voivodeship of Gelou, the Voivodeship of Glad and the Voivodeship of Menumorut.
The anonymous author describes the first as Vlach.
Another voivodeship, ruled by Gyula, was mentioned in the 11th century.
A Russian chronicle writes of a plundering raid in 1059 against Transylvania by Cumans and Vlachs.
An Old Bulgarian inscription from 1176 attests the existence of a župan Dimitri who ruled over Dobruja in 943.
In the Middle Ages, Romanians lived in three distinct principalities: Wallachia ( – "The Romanian Land"), Moldavia () and Transylvania ().
By the 11th century, Transylvania had become a largely autonomous part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
It was independent as the Principality of Transylvania from the 16th century until 1711.
In Wallachia and Moldavia, many small local states with varying degrees of independence developed.
Only in the 14th century did the larger principalities of Wallachia (1310) and Moldavia (around 1352) emerge to fight the threat of the Ottoman Empire.
Both territories inhabited by Romanians achieved their independence from the Hungarian Crown after military conflicts (Battle of Posada, 1330) or social conflicts (Moldavian boyars' revolt against Hungary, 1364) — these historic events being initiated by Basarab I of Wallachia (1310–1352) and Bogdan I of Moldavia (1359–1365).
By 1541, the entire Balkan peninsula and most of Hungary had become Ottoman provinces.
Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania were under Ottoman suzerainty, preserving partial or full internal autonomy until the mid-19th century (Transylvania until 1699).
During this period, in the Romanian lands the feudal system slowly disappeared.
A few rulers of territories in what is now Romania distinguished themselves: these rulers include Stephen the Great, Vasile Lupu, and Dimitrie Cantemir in Moldavia; Matei Basarab, Vlad the Impaler, and Constantin Brâncoveanu in Wallachia; and John Hunyadi ("Ioannes Corvinus") and Gabriel Bethlen in Transylvania.
In 1600, the principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania were simultaneously headed by the Wallachian prince Michael the Brave ("Mihai Viteazul"), but the chance for a lasting unification was lost after Mihai was assassinated only one year later.
After his death, as vassal tributary states, Moldavia and Wallachia had complete internal autonomy and external independence, which they finally lost in the 18th century.
In 1699, Transylvania became a territory of the Habsburgs' Austrian empire following the Austrian victory over the Turks in the Great Turkish War.
The Habsburgs in turn expanded their empire in 1718 to include an important part of Wallachia called Oltenia (which was returned only in 1739), and in 1775 to include the northwestern part of Moldavia, later called Bukovina.
The eastern half of the Moldavian principality (called Bessarabia) was occupied in 1812 by Russia.
Article: Albert Einstein
Section: Schrödinger gas model

Question: Was the article about the Schrodinger gas model co-authored by Albert Einstein?

Einstein suggested to Erwin Schrödinger that he might be able to reproduce the statistics of a Bose–Einstein gas by considering a box.
Then to each possible quantum motion of a particle in a box associate an independent harmonic oscillator.
Quantizing these oscillators, each level will have an integer occupation number, which will be the number of particles in it.
This formulation is a form of second quantization, but it predates modern quantum mechanics.
Erwin Schrödinger applied this to derive the thermodynamic properties of a semiclassical ideal gas.
Schrödinger urged Einstein to add his name as co-author, although Einstein declined the invitation.
Article: Despicable Me
Section: Music

Question: Songs for the film were written and performed by which artists/

"Despicable Me: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack" is the soundtrack to the film of the same name, and it was released on July 6, 2010.
It featured new songs from the film written and performed by Pharrell Williams, and performances by Destinee & Paris, The Sylvers, Robin Thicke and The Bee Gees.
Article: Italy
Section: Infrastructure

Question: What are the primary airports that present in Italy during the year 2004?

In 2004 the transport sector in Italy generated a turnover of about 119.4 billion euros, employing 935,700 persons in 153,700 enterprises.
Regarding the national road network, in 2002 there were of serviceable roads in Italy, including of motorways, state-owned but privately operated by Atlantia.
In 2005, about 34,667,000 passenger cars (590 cars per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 goods vehicles circulated on the national road network.
The national railway network, state-owned and operated by Ferrovie dello Stato, in 2003 totalled of which 69% is electrified, and on which 4,937 locomotives and railcars circulated.
The national inland waterways network comprised of navigable rivers and channels in 2002.
In 2004 there were approximately 30 main airports (including the two hubs of Malpensa International in Milan and Leonardo da Vinci International in Rome) and 43 major seaports (including the seaport of Genoa, the country's largest and second largest in the Mediterranean Sea).
In 2005 Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of about 389,000 units and a merchant fleet of 581 ships.