Article: Venezuela
Section: Law and crime

Question: When did the Corruption Perceptions Index survey begin?

Corruption in Venezuela is high by world standards, and was so for much of the 20th century.
The discovery of oil had worsened political corruption, and by the late 1970s, Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso's description of oil as "the Devil's excrement" had become a common expression in Venezuela.
Venezuela has been ranked one of the most corrupt countries on the Corruption Perceptions Index since the survey started in 1995.
The 2010 ranking placed Venezuela at number 164, out of 178 ranked countries.
This corruption is shown with Venezuela's significant involvement in drug trafficking, with Colombian cocaine and other drugs transiting Venezuela towards the United States and Europe.
Venezuela ranks fourth in the world for cocaine seizures, behind Colombia, the United States, and Panama.
In 2006 the government's agency for combating the Illegal drug trade in Venezuela, "ONA", was incorporated into the office of the Vice-President of the country.
However, many major government and military officials have been known for their involvement with drug trafficking; especially with the October 2013 incident of men from the Venezuelan National Guard placing 1.3 tons of cocaine on a Paris flight knowing they will not face charges.
Venezuela is among the most violent places on Earth.
In Venezuela, a person is murdered every 21 minutes.
Violent crimes have been so prevalent in Venezuela that the government no longer produces the crime data.
In 2013, the homicide rate was approximately 79 per 100,000, one of the world’s highest, having quadrupled in the past 15 years with over 200,000 people murdered.
The country's body count of the previous decade mimics that of the Iraq War and in some instances had more civilian deaths even though the country is at peacetime.
The capital Caracas has one of the greatest homicide rates of any large city in the world, with 122 homicides per 100,000 residents.
In 2008, polls indicated that crime was the number one concern of voters.
Venezuela is especially dangerous toward foreign travelers and investors who are visiting.
This is due to the nation's class struggle and poor economy that is devoid of needed foreign currency.
The United States State Department and Government of Canada has warned foreign visitors that they may be subjected to robbery, kidnapping for a ransom or sale to terrorist organizations and murder, and that their own diplomatic travelers are required to travel in armored vehicles.
The United Kingdom's Foreign and Commonwealth Office has advised against all travel to Venezuela.
Visitors have been murdered during robberies and criminals do not discriminate against their victims.
Recently, former Miss Venezuela 2004 winner Monica Spear and her husband were murdered with her 5 year old daughter being shot while visiting, and an elderly German tourist was murdered only a few weeks later.
There are approximately 33 prisons holding about 50,000 inmates.
They include; El Rodeo outside of Caracas, Yare Prison in the northern state of Miranda, and several others.
Venezuela's prison system is heavily overcrowded; its facilities have capacity for only 14,000 prisoners.