community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Das Boot
Section: Historical accuracy

Question: How many people in the crew were dedicated Nazis?

In the film, there is only one ardent Nazi in the crew of 40, namely the First Watch Officer (referred to comically in one scene as "Unser Hitlerjugendführer", "Our Hitler Youth Leader"), with the rest of the officers either indifferent or, in the Captain's case, openly cynical.
The enlisted sailors and non-commissioned officers are portrayed as apolitical.
In his book "Iron Coffins", former U-boat commander Herbert A. Werner states that the selection of naval personnel based on their loyalty to the party occurred only later in the war (from 1943 onward), when the U-boats were suffering high casualties.
At that stage in the war, morale was surely declining and this degree of skepticism may have occurred.
In support of "Das Boot" on this subject, U-Boat historian Michael Gannon maintains that the U-boat navy was one of the least pro-Nazi branches of the German armed forces.
Even though the beginning and the end of the film occur in the port of La Rochelle, it does not correspond historically.
The submarine base in La Rochelle was not functional before November 1941, and at the time of the film the port was dried up.
Moreover, none of the British fighter-bombers of late 1941 to early 1942 had the range to bomb La Rochelle from bases in the U.K.; however, it is possible the fighters were carrier-based and not land based.
While Saint-Nazaire was the base used in the novel, the film was changed to La Rochelle because its appearance had not changed to such a large degree in the years since World War II.
In real life, the "U-96" was based at Saint-Nazaire in late 1941.
It survived this period, but much like its on-screen fate, it actually was sunk by Allied bombers at its berth in Wilhelmshaven in March 1945.
Article: Chemistry
Section: Chemical structure

Question: Who invented chemical bonds and molecular orbitals?

[[File:Rutherford gold foil experiment results.svg|right|upright|thumb|"Top:" Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed.<br>"Bottom:" Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected, indicating a small, concentrated charge.
]]At the turn of the twentieth century the theoretical underpinnings of chemistry were finally understood due to a series of remarkable discoveries that succeeded in probing and discovering the very nature of the internal structure of atoms.
In 1897, J. J. Thomson of Cambridge University discovered the electron and soon after the French scientist Becquerel as well as the couple Pierre and Marie Curie investigated the phenomenon of radioactivity.
In a series of pioneering scattering experiments Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester discovered the internal structure of the atom and the existence of the proton, classified and explained the different types of radioactivity and successfully transmuted the first element by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles.
His work on atomic structure was improved on by his students, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr and Henry Moseley.
The electronic theory of chemical bonds and molecular orbitals was developed by the American scientists Linus Pauling and Gilbert N. Lewis.
The year 2011 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Chemistry.
It was an initiative of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization and involves chemical societies, academics, and institutions worldwide and relied on individual initiatives to organize local and regional activities.
Article: Udon
Section: Dishes

Question: Are uddon noodles a summer or winter dish?

Like many Japanese noodles, udon noodles are served chilled in the summer and hot in the winter.
Toppings are chosen to reflect the seasons.
Most toppings are added without much cooking, although some are deep-fried.
Many of these dishes may also be prepared with soba.
Article: Attack on Pearl Harbor
Section: Alternate history

Question: In the episode "Days of Infamy", what country carries out an attack in the morning?

"Days of Infamy" is a novel by Harry Turtledove in which the Japanese attack on Hawaii is not limited to a strike on Pearl Harbor, but is instead a full-scale invasion and eventual occupation after U.S. forces are driven off the islands (something one of the key planners of the attack, Commander Minoru Genda, wanted but the senior officers realized was impossible).
The many viewpoint characters (a Turtledove trademark) are drawn from Hawaiian civilians (both white and Japanese) as well as soldiers and sailors from both Japan and the USA.
Turtledove has to date written one sequel, "The End of the Beginning".
 The airstrike and Hawaii-invasion premise of "Days of Infamy" was earlier used in the first episode of the anime OVA series "Konpeki no Kantai".
In the episode, Japan carries out the attack in the early hours of the morning, having perfected night carrier operations.
The raid begins with a flare drop by pathfinders.
The entire base (including the repair facilities) and a number of supply ships in the harbor are destroyed by daybreak.
As for the main body of the Pacific Fleet, the Combined Fleet regroups and annihilates them while they return to Pearl Harbor.
The episode, which is divided into three stages in the series' game version, ends with Japanese troops landing at all islands in Hawaii.
Article: Epcot
Section: Annual events

Question: How many Garden festivals have taken place at Epcot?

Epcot hosts a number of special events during the year:
The Epcot International Flower and Garden Festival, inaugurated in 1993, uses specially-themed floral displays throughout the park, including topiary sculptures of Disney characters.
Guests can meet gardening experts and learn new ideas they can use in their own home gardens.
The 18th annual event was scheduled for March 2 – May 15.
Each event takes more than a full year to plan and more than 20,000 cast member hours.
The Epcot International Food and Wine Festival, inaugurated in 1995, draws amateur and professional gourmets to sample delicacies from all around the world, including nations that do not have a permanent presence in World Showcase.
Celebrity chefs are often on-hand to host the events.
In 2008, the festival featured the Bocuse d'Or USA, the American semifinal of the biennial Bocuse d'Or cooking competition.
Holidays Around the World is Epcot's annual holiday celebration.
The World Showcase pavilions feature storytellers describing their nation's holiday traditions, and three nightly performances of the "Candlelight Processional" featuring an auditioned mass choir and a celebrity guest narrating the story of Christmas.
During "Holidays Around the World," Illuminations: Reflections of Earth features a special extended ending.
On New Years Eve, the park offers a variety of additional entertainment including live DJ dance areas throughout the park and a special New Years Eve countdown edition of .
Article: Mona Lisa
Section: History

Question: Who moved the "Mona Lisa" to the Palace of Versailles?

Leonardo da Vinci began painting the "Mona Lisa" in 1503 or 1504 in Florence, Italy.
Although the Louvre states that it was "doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506", the art historian Martin Kemp says there is some difficulty in confirming the actual dates with certainty.
According to Leonardo's contemporary, Giorgio Vasari, "after he had lingered over it four years, left it unfinished".
Leonardo, later in his life, is said to have regretted "never having completed a single work".
In 1516 Leonardo was invited by King François I to work at the Clos Lucé near the king's castle in Amboise.
It is believed that he took the "Mona Lisa" with him and continued to work after he moved to France.
Art historian Carmen C. Bambach has concluded that da Vinci probably continued refining the work until 1516 or 1517.
On his death the painting was inherited, among other works, by his pupil and assistant Salaì.
The king bought the painting for 4,000 "écus" and kept it at Palace of Fontainebleau, where it remained until given to Louis XIV.
Louis XIV moved the painting to the Palace of Versailles.
After the French Revolution, it was moved to the Louvre, but spent a brief period in the bedroom of Napoleon in the Tuileries Palace.
During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) it was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal.
During World War II, the painting was again removed from the Louvre and taken safely, first to Château d'Amboise, then to the Loc-Dieu Abbey and Château de Chambord, then finally to the Ingres Museum in Montauban.
Article: The Matrix
Section: Release

Question: What year was the Matrix first released?

"The Matrix" was released on , 1999.
After its DVD release, it was the first DVD to sell more than one million copies in the US, and went on to be the first to sell more than three million copies in the US.
By , 2003, one month after "The Matrix Reloaded" DVD was released, the sales of "The Matrix" DVD had exceeded 30 million copies.
The Ultimate Matrix Collection was released on HD DVD on , 2007 and on Blu-ray on , 2008.
The film was also released standalone in a 10th anniversary edition Blu-ray in the Digibook format on , 2009, 10 years to the day after the film was released theatrically.
Article: Beach volleyball
Section: Block signals

Question: What do volleyball players do to hide block signals from the opposing team?

Beach volleyball players use hand signals to indicate the type of block they intend to make.
Block signals are made behind the back to hide them from the opposing team.
They are usually given with both hands by the serving player's partner prior to the serve, with each hand referring to the type of block that should be put up against an attack from the corresponding opponent.
A player may also "wiggle" or "flash" one block signal to indicate which opponent to serve to.
If the server is the designated blocker, he or she may run up to the net to block after serving.
Otherwise, the signaling player will perform the block.
Block signals may also be given during a rally while the opposing team is preparing their attack.
Article: Leonardo da Vinci
Section: Old age, 1513–19

Question: Where is da Vinci's grave?

From September 1513 to 1516, under Pope Leo X, Leonardo spent much of his time living in the Belvedere in the Vatican in Rome, where Raphael and Michelangelo were both active at the time.
In October 1515, Francis I of France recaptured Milan.
On December 19, Leonardo was present at the meeting of Francis I and Pope Leo X, which took place in Bologna.
Leonardo was commissioned to make for Francis a mechanical lion which could walk forward, then open its chest to reveal a cluster of lilies.
In 1516, he entered François' service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Lucé near the king's residence at the royal Château d'Amboise.
It was here that he spent the last three years of his life, accompanied by his friend and apprentice, Count Francesco Melzi, and supported by a pension totalling 10,000 scudi.
Leonardo died at Clos Lucé, on May 2, 1519.
Francis I had become a close friend.
Vasari records that the king held Leonardo's head in his arms as he died, although this story, beloved by the French and portrayed in romantic paintings by Ingres, Ménageot and other French artists, as well as by Angelica Kauffman, may be legend rather than fact.
Vasari states that in his last days, Leonardo sent for a priest to make his confession and to receive the Holy Sacrament.
In accordance with his will, sixty beggars followed his casket.
Melzi was the principal heir and executor, receiving as well as money, Leonardo's paintings, tools, library and personal effects.
Leonardo also remembered his other long-time pupil and companion, Salai and his servant Battista di Vilussis, who each received half of Leonardo's vineyards, his brothers who received land, and his serving woman who received a black cloak "of good stuff" with a fur edge.
Leonardo da Vinci was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in Château d'Amboise, in France.
Some 20 years after Leonardo's death, Francis was reported by the goldsmith and sculptor Benevenuto Cellini as saying: "There had never been another man born in the world who knew as much as Leonardo, not so much about painting, sculpture and architecture, as that he was a very great philosopher."
Article: Modern Family
Section: Analysis and commentary

Question: Who said that Zuckenberg is a bigger influence on Modern Family than Norman Lear?

In "The New York Times", Bruce Feiler called attention to how the show depicts the increasing way communications technology shapes the way people perceive others, even family members. "
is surely the first family comedy that incorporates its own hashtag of simultaneous self-analysis directly into the storyline," he writes.
"Mark Zuckerberg may be a greater influence on "Modern Family" than Norman Lear.
"The show's writers and actors agree.
"We used to talk about how cellphones killed the sitcom because no one ever goes to anyone's house anymore" for routine information, Abraham Higginbotham told Feiler.
"We embrace technology so it's part of the story."
Ty Burrell draws on Fran Lebowitz's observation that there is no institution other than media.
"I had this little flash of Phil—and me—that we are parsing our personality together externally from how people perceive us.
"James Parker said that "The American family circa 2011 is, after all, an acutely self-conscious and self-interrogating unit: How does one 'parent'?
Who does what, which 'role'?
Is Dad sufficiently dad-like and Mom enough of a mom?"
he writes.
""Modern Family" taps right into all this, the cameras that lurch through its three households producing the sensation of a wild and shaky experiment, recorded for purposes educational or scientific.
"In a 2014 article in "Slate", the site's podcast executive producer, Andy Bowers, a resident of Los Angeles's Westside, where the show films most of its exteriors, praised the series for its realistic depiction of life in that part of the city.
"f you live around here and watch the show, it's easy to forget these people are fictional.
They feel like real neighbors who inhabit the same world we do, much more so than any other TV show I've ever seen."
Many of the show's locations were familiar to him as places he regularly visited or passed.
In addition to its accurate depiction of the area's physical landscape, Bowers added, it was a realistic depiction of its social and cultural landscape:"Modern Family" has been called a culturally-defining series.
Eric Stonestreet voiced his opinion on the social implications of the show and what the support means to him.
Article: Astrology
Section: Western politics and society

Question: Which intelligence agency did Louis de Wohl work for?

Cultural impact.
Western politics and society.
In the West, political leaders have sometimes consulted astrologers.
Louis de Wohl worked as an astrologer for the British intelligence agency MI5, after it was claimed that Hitler used astrology to time his actions.
The War Office was "interested to know what Hitler's own astrologers would be telling him from week to week".
In fact, de Wohl's predictions were so inaccurate that he was soon labelled a "complete charlatan" and it was later shown that Hitler considered astrology to be "complete nonsense".
After John Hinckley's attempted assassination of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, first lady Nancy Reagan commissioned astrologer Joan Quigley to act as the secret White House astrologer.
However, Quigley's role ended in 1988 when it became public through the memoirs of former chief of staff, Donald Regan.
There was a boom in interest in astrology in the late 1960s.
The sociologist Marcello Truzzi described three levels of involvement of "Astrology-believers" to account for its revived popularity in the face of scientific discrediting.
He found that most astrology-believers did not claim it was a scientific explanation with predictive power.
Instead, those superficially involved, knowing "next to nothing" about astrology's 'mechanics', read newspaper astrology columns, and could benefit from "tension-management of anxieties" and "a cognitive belief-system that transcends science".
Those at the second level usually had their horoscopes cast and sought advice and predictions.
They were much younger than those at the first level, and could benefit from knowledge of the language of astrology and the resulting ability to belong to a coherent and exclusive group.
Those at the third level were highly involved and usually cast horoscopes for themselves.
Astrology provided this small minority of astrology-believers with a ""meaningful" view of their universe and them an "understanding" of their place in it."
This third group took astrology seriously, possibly as a "sacred canopy", whereas the other two groups took it playfully and irreverently.
In 1953, sociologist Theodor W. Adorno conducted a study of the astrology column of a Los Angeles newspaper as part of a project examining mass culture in capitalist society.
Adorno believed that popular astrology, as a device, invariably led to statements which encouraged conformity, and that astrologers who went against conformity with statement discouraging performance at work etc.
would risk losing their jobs.
Adorno concluded that astrology was a large-scale manifestation of systematic irrationalism, where individuals were subtly being led to believe that the author of the column was addressing them directly through the use of flattery and vague generalisations.
Adorno drew a parallel with the phrase opium of the people, by Karl Marx, by commenting "occultism is the metaphysic of the dopes".
A 2005 Gallup poll and a 2009 survey by the Pew Research Center reported that 25% of U.S. adults believe in astrology.
Article: Take Care (album)
Section: Release and promotion

Question: What was the first song released from Take Care by Drake?

The first track Drake released was "Dreams Money Can Buy" on May 20, 2011 through his October's Very Own blog.
Drake mentioned this song was "A Story of Dreams, mixed with reality," and that this was not his first single off the album but that it would be included on "Take Care".
On June 9, 2011, a second track titled "Marvins Room" was released via his blog.
Drake initially stated that the song would not be featured on "Take Care", but because of the song's unexpected success, prompting it was released as a digital and radio single on July 22, 2011 and will be on "Take Care".
"Trust Issues" was then released shortly after on his blog, but is confirmed not to be on the album via Drake's Twitter.
He explained that the song was an idea he had from I'm On One and made it "just for fun."
However, in an interview, Drake stated that Trust Issues, along with Dreams Money Can Buy, will be included in the Birthday Edition of the album.
On September 10, 2011, Drake released a new song titled "Club Paradise" on his October's Very Own blog.
"Dropping this for our boy Avery...this was his favorite sh*t during the recording process.
2 more songs coming tonight as well.
ovoxo," he wrote on his blog.
On September 11, 2011, Drake released another track entitled "Free Spirit" featuring Rick Ross and blogged that another was to be released that night, as well.
Later that night he released a remix of Waka Flocka Flame's "Round of Applause".
On September 23, 2011, Drake released the official album cover to "Take Care".
On October 20, 2011, an unfinished version of "The Real Her" featuring only Lil Wayne was leaked online.
On October 8, 2011, Drake announced on his OVO blog that "Take Care" would be pushed back until November 15 because of three sample clearances (Take Care, Cameras, & Practice).
It was originally to be released on his 25th birthday, October 24, 2011.
The Club Paradise Tour was revealed to start in November on Twitter.
However, It was revealed that the tour was delayed until after Christmas/New Year break so Drake could perform at more schools.
A “chopped and screwed” version of the album remixed by OG Ron C titled "Chop Care" was released on November 29, 2011, and received over 1 million downloads in the first 48 hours.
It was featured on a variety of media blogs, magazines, and newspapers.
It was included on year-end lists by several publications, including The New York Times which gave major praise.
Article: Norway
Section: Foreign relations

Question: In how many countries does Norway operate an embassy?

Norway maintains embassies in 86 countries.
60 countries maintain an embassy in Norway, all of them in the capital, Oslo.
Norway is a founding member of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Council of Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
Norway issued applications for accession to the European Union (EU) and its predecessors in 1962, 1967 and 1992, respectively.
While Denmark, Sweden and Finland obtained membership, the Norwegian electorate rejected the treaties of accession in referenda in 1972 and 1994.
After the 1994 referendum, Norway maintained its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), an arrangement granting the country access to the internal market of the Union, on the condition that Norway implements those of the Union's pieces of legislation which are deemed relevant (of which there were approximately seven thousand by 2010) Successive Norwegian governments have, since 1994, requested participation in parts of the EU's co-operation that go beyond the provisions of the EEA agreement.
Non-voting participation by Norway has been granted in, for instance, the Union's Common Security and Defence Policy, the Schengen Agreement, and the European Defence Agency, as well as 19 separate programmes.
Norway contributes to international development.
In addition, it participated in the 1990s brokering of the Oslo Accords, an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
These were unsuccessful.