community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Wake Me Up When September Ends
Section: Music video

Question: What year was a live of version of "Wake Me Up When September Ends" recorded in?

Like the majority of the videos from the album "American Idiot", it was directed by Samuel Bayer.
The video features Green Day's support guitarist, Jason White.
This is the second time Jason White has appeared in a Green Day video, first appearing in "When I Come Around", ten years earlier but not as a band member.
The video focuses on a very loving couple (played by Jamie Bell and Evan Rachel Wood).
The boyfriend promises never to leave his girlfriend but they later argue when the boyfriend enlists in the United States Marine Corps.
The boyfriend interprets his actions as a way to show her that he loves her so much that he would put his life on the line to keep her safe; the girlfriend, however, is heartbroken, as he broke his vow to never leave her, and terrified at the thought that he might die in battle.
The video then shows the boyfriend in battle in Iraq being ambushed by insurgents.
This scene is intercut with scenes of the girlfriend tearfully mourning in a quiet field.
The video ends on this juxtaposition, emphasizing the pain and heartache of losing loved ones due to the war.
This video adds to the "American Idiot" anti-war sentiment of the Iraq War.
The song eventually became a tribute song to the victims of Hurricane Katrina, and sound bites were added from various news coverages to the song.
A live version of the song, recorded on September 3, 2005, at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts was released soon after and dedicated to the hurricane's victims.
The song was performed live with U2 guitarist The Edge in the pregame show of the Monday Night Football game between the New Orleans Saints and the Atlanta Falcons; it was the first game played in the Superdome in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.
Article: Biology
Section: Energy

Question: How many roles do molucules of chemical substances that constutute food play?

The survival of a living organism depends on the continuous input of energy.
Chemical reactions that are responsible for its structure and function are tuned to extract energy from substances that act as its food and transform them to help form new cells and sustain them.
In this process, molecules of chemical substances that constitute food play two roles; first, they contain energy that can be transformed for biological chemical reactions; second, they develop new molecular structures made up of biomolecules.
The organisms responsible for the introduction of energy into an ecosystem are known as producers or autotrophs.
Nearly all of these organisms originally draw energy from the sun.
Plants and other phototrophs use solar energy via a process known as photosynthesis to convert raw materials into organic molecules, such as ATP, whose bonds can be broken to release energy.
A few ecosystems, however, depend entirely on energy extracted by chemotrophs from methane, sulfides, or other non-luminal energy sources.
Some of the captured energy is used to produce biomass to sustain life and provide energy for growth and development.
The majority of the rest of this energy is lost as heat and waste molecules.
The most important processes for converting the energy trapped in chemical substances into energy useful to sustain life are metabolism and cellular respiration.
Article: Can't Smile Without You
Section: Abstract

Question: What year did George Michael get cleared of his charge.

"Can't Smile Without You" is a song written by Christian Arnold, David Martin, and Geoff Morrow, best known in its rendition by Barry Manilow.
"Can't Smile Without You" was the first single to be released from Manilow's album "Even Now".
The song was released as a single in 1978 where it reached the number one spot on Billboard's AC chart, and the number three spot on the Billboard Hot 100.
Previously, the song was recorded by The Carpenters on their album "A Kind of Hush" in 1976, and was featured as the B-side of their hit "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft" the following year.
Manilow's version had slightly different lyrics from the Carpenters, such as the Carpenters's line "I can't laugh and I can't walk / I'm finding it hard even to talk," was changed in Manilow's version to "I can't laugh and I can't sing / I'm finding it hard to do anything" (the latter is likely the original lyric, changed by the Carpenters because the lyric "I can't sing" when being sung makes no sense).
The Carpenters remixed the song for the B-side of "Calling Occupants" in September 1977, again revising the lyric to read "I can't laugh and I can't sleep / I don't even talk to people I meet".
Additional orchestration was also included in the remix.
A version on Manilow's greatest hits box set, "The Complete Collection and Then Some..." combines the first half of Take 1 with the double-tracked second half of his released version.
Engelbert Humperdinck released the song, using the same lyrics as the original Carpenters version, on his After the Lovin' album, 1976.
On behalf of the songwriters, publishing company Dick James Music sued George Michael for plagiarism in the mid-'80s, claiming that the 1984 Wham!
single "Last Christmas" lifted its melody from "Can't Smile Without You."
The case was settled out of court.
In 2010 George Michael was publicly cleared of all charges.
Jerry Lewis often sings the song on his annual Muscular Dystrophy Association telethon, with altered lyrics that speak of the need for the viewers to call in their pledge.
The song has appeared in such films as "Four Weddings and a Funeral", ', "Unconditional Love", "Starsky & Hutch", ' and "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas".
In 2008, there was an attempt by Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
supporters following their League Cup win to get the song to Number One, as they see this song as being a part of the club, with the words "Can't Smile Without You" being seen on many flags, banners, and websites as a slogan to the club.
In 2010, GP Maxine Brooks released the song as a charity single for Nurse's Aid, supporting wounded soldiers and in memory of a WWI heroine.
Article: Let It Be
Section: Abstract

Question: On what day was the "Let It Be" album released?

Let It Be is the twelfth and final studio album released by the English rock band the Beatles.
It was released on 8 May 1970 by the band's Apple Records label shortly after the group announced their break-up.
Most of "Let It Be" was recorded in January 1969, before the recording and release of the album "Abbey Road".
For this reason, some critics and fans, such as Mark Lewisohn, argue that "Abbey Road" should be considered the group's final album and "Let It Be" the penultimate.
"Let It Be" was originally intended to be released before "Abbey Road" during mid-1969 as Get Back, but the Beatles were unhappy with this version, which was mixed and compiled by Glyn Johns, and it was temporarily shelved.
A new version of the album was created by Phil Spector in 1970 and finally released as "Let It Be", serving as the album for the 1970 motion picture of the same name.
While three songs from the sessions were released as singles before the album's release, "Get Back"/"Don't Let Me Down" and "Let It Be", the songs were remixed by Spector for the album and "Don't Let Me Down" was not included.
Despite a mixed review from "Rolling Stone" magazine at the time of its release, the album was ranked number 86 in the magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time in 2003.
This was, however, adjusted to #392 in the 2012 version.
"Let It Be... Naked" was released in 2003, an alternative version of the album stripping much of Phil Spector's production work and using some different versions of songs.
Article: The Starry Night
Section: Interpretations

Question: Name a written source that is suggested to have inspired van Gogh in this work?

Perhaps no other painting in Western Art has enjoyed such a varying array of intriguing interpretations.
Academic theories tend towards two schools: "the literal" and "the literary."
The "literal" includes both "he painted what he saw" and the "hallucinatory genius" arguments (as an individual's hallucinations are indistinguishable from real life) while the "literary" suggest that inspiration blossomed from some written source; most often cited for van Gogh's "Starry Night" are The Bible, Walt Whitman and Victor Hugo.
Legendary 20th century art historian Albert Boime is generally credited with the best "literal" theory by proving, in conjunction with three Astronomer colleagues at UCLA the position of the stars from van Gogh's window in the asylum at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence at 4 a.m. on June 19, 1889, the day van Gogh wrote his brother that he had completed the painting.
In a 1985 lecture to the American Astronomical Society, Boime compared the positions of the moon and Venus that night and showed that they corresponded to the positions of the celestial objects in the painting.
While Boime and his lead astronomer, Charles Whitney agreed the large star above the horizon is the Morning Star, they failed to agree on the arrangement of the other stars.
Boime claimed they constituted the constellation of Aries, while Whitney argued it was Cygnus.
Boime further attempted to make the argument that van Gogh had likely seen an image of a spiral galaxy from Camille Flammarion's "Astronomie populaire", in an attempt to explain the existence of van Gogh's celestial spiral jetty.
In his 800-plus existing letters, however, van Gogh makes no mention of ever reading Flammarion.
As to the leading "literary" theories: those about The Bible range from van Gogh painting a passage out of Genesis 37 describing a dream of Joseph to an apocalyptic depiction out of the twelfth book of Revelation to a "sublimated Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane"; while those from Whitman attempt to correlate the painting's poetic vision within Song of Myself; and (what has been mistakenly attributed to Hugo's Les Miserables) as an inspired depiction of God as "a lighthouse in eclipse.
"This bevy of interpretations has helped keep van Gogh's "Starry Night" firmly within the discussions and lively debates of both public and academic art history.
Article: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Section: Surrender of Japan and subsequent occupation

Question: At the point when did the Emporer advise the family he was surrendering?

Until August 9, Japan's war council still insisted on its four conditions for surrender.
On that day Hirohito ordered Kōichi Kido to "quickly control the situation ... because the Soviet Union has declared war against us."
He then held an Imperial conference during which he authorized minister Shigenori Tōgō to notify the Allies that Japan would accept their terms on one condition, that the declaration "does not comprise any demand which prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as a Sovereign ruler.
"On August 12, the Emperor informed the imperial family of his decision to surrender.
One of his uncles, Prince Asaka, then asked whether the war would be continued if the "kokutai" could not be preserved.
Hirohito simply replied "Of course."
As the Allied terms seemed to leave intact the principle of the preservation of the Throne, Hirohito recorded on August 14 his capitulation announcement which was broadcast to the Japanese nation the next day despite a short rebellion by militarists opposed to the surrender.
In his declaration, Hirohito referred to the atomic bombings:In his "Rescript to the Soldiers and Sailors" delivered on August 17, he stressed the impact of the Soviet invasion and his decision to surrender, omitting any mention of the bombs.
Hirohito met with General MacArthur on September 27, saying to him that "he peace party did not prevail until the bombing of Hiroshima created a situation which could be dramatized."
Furthermore, the "Rescript to the Soldiers and Sailors" speech he told MacArthur about was just personal, not political, and never stated that the Soviet intervention in Manchuria was the main reason for surrender.
In fact, a day after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Hirohito ordered his advisers, primarily Chief Cabinet Secretary Hisatsune Sakomizu, Kawada Mizuho, and Masahiro Yasuoka, to write up a surrender speech.
In Hirohito's speech, days before announcing it on radio on August 15, he gave three major reasons for surrender: Tokyo's defenses would not be complete before the American invasion of Japan, Ise Shrine would be lost to the Americans, and atomic weapons deployed by the Americans would lead to the death of the entire Japanese race.
Despite the Soviet intervention, Hirohito did not mention the Soviets as the main factor for surrender.
Article: Rugby union
Section: Rugby within international tournaments

Question: When did the United States first win the rugby union?

Rugby union was played at the Olympic Games in 1900, 1908, 1920 and 1924.
As per Olympic rules, the nations of Scotland, Wales and England were not allowed to play separately as they are not sovereign states.
In 1900, France won the gold, beating Great Britain 27 points to 8 and defeating Germany 27 points to 17.
In 1908, Australasia defeated Great Britain, claiming the gold medal, the score being 32 points to three.
In 1920, the United States, fielding a team with many players new to the sport of rugby, upset France in a shock win, eight points to zero.
In 1924, the United States again defeated France 17 to 3, becoming the only team to win gold twice in the sport.
In 2009 the International Olympic Committee voted with a majority of 81 to 8 that rugby union be reinstated as an Olympic sport in at least the 2016 and 2020 games, but in the sevens, 4-day tournament format.
This is something the rugby world has aspired to for a long time and Bernard Lapasset, president of the International Rugby Board, said the Olympic gold medal would be considered to be "the pinnacle of our sport" (Rugby Sevens).
Rugby sevens has been played at the Commonwealth Games since the 1998 Games in Kuala Lumpur.
The present gold medal holders are New Zealand who have won the competition on four successive occasions.
Rugby union has also been an Asian Games event since the 1998 games in Bangkok, Thailand.
In the 1998 and 2002 editions of the games, both the usual fifteen-a-side variety and rugby sevens were played, but from 2006 onwards, only rugby sevens was retained.
In 2010, the women's rugby sevens event was introduced.
The event is likely to remain a permanent fixture of the Asian Games due to elevation of rugby sevens as an Olympic sport from the 2016 Olympics onwards.
The present gold medal holders in the sevens tournament, held in 2010, are Japan in the male event and Kazakhstan in the women's.
Article: The Holocaust
Section: The political left

Question: The Spartacist uprising happened when?

German communists, socialists and trade unionists were among the earliest domestic opponents of Nazism and were also among the first to be sent to concentration camps.
Hitler claimed that communism was a Jewish ideology which the Nazis termed "Judeo-Bolshevism".
Fear of communist agitation was used as justification for the Enabling Act of 1933, the law which gave Hitler his original dictatorial powers.
Hermann Göring later testified at the Nuremberg Trials that the Nazis' willingness to repress German communists prompted president Paul von Hindenburg and the German elite to cooperate with the Nazis.
MI6 assisted the Gestapo via "the exchange of information about Communism", and, as late as October 1937, the head of the British agency's Berlin station, Frank Foley, described his relationship with Heinrich Müller's so-called communism expert as "cordial".
Hitler and the Nazis also hated German leftists because of their resistance to the party's racism.
Many leaders of German leftist groups were Jews, and Jews were especially prominent among the leaders of the Spartacist uprising in 1919.
Hitler already referred to Marxism and "Bolshevism" as a means of "the international Jew" to undermine "racial purity" and survival of the Nordics or Aryans, as well as to stir up socioeconomic class tension and labor unions against the government or state-owned businesses.
Within the concentration camps such as Buchenwald, German communists were privileged in comparison to Jews because of their "racial purity".
Whenever the Nazis occupied a new territory, members of communist, socialist, or anarchist groups were normally to be the first persons detained or executed.
Evidence of this is found in Hitler's infamous Commissar Order, in which he ordered the summary execution of all political commissars captured among Soviet soldiers, as well as the execution of all Communist Party members in German-held territory.
"Einsatzgruppen" carried out these executions in the east.
Nacht und Nebel ("Night and Fog") was a directive () of Hitler on 7 December 1941 signed and implemented by Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces Wilhelm Keitel, resulting in kidnapping and the disappearance of many political activists throughout Nazi Germany's occupied territories.
Article: Table tennis
Section: Scoring

Question: What does a match consist of?

A point is scored by the player for any of several results of the rally:
 The opponent fails to make a correct service or return.
 After making a service or a return, the ball touches anything other than the net assembly before being A game shall be won by the player first scoring 11 points unless both players score 10 points, when the game shall be won by the first player subsequently gaining a lead of 2 points.
A match shall consist of the best of any odd number of games.
In competition play, matches are typically best of five or seven games.
Article: Hamburger
Section: Charlie Nagreen

Question: Who invented the hamburger?

One of the earliest claims comes from Charlie Nagreen, who in 1885 sold a meatball between two slices of bread at the Seymour Fair now called theOutagamie County Fair in some attributions.
The Seymour Community Historical Society of Seymour, Wisconsin, credits Nagreen, now known as "Hamburger Charlie", with the invention of the hamburger.
Nagreen was fifteen when he reportedly made sandwiches out of pork that he was selling at the 1885 Seymour Fair (now the Outagamie County Fair), so that customers could eat while walking.
The Historical Society explains that Nagreen named the hamburger after the Hamburg steak with which local German immigrants were familiar.
Article: Chemical reaction
Section: Precipitation

Question: How can one assist the precipitation process?

Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution or inside another solid during a chemical reaction.
It usually takes place when the concentration of dissolved ions exceeds the solubility limit and forms an insoluble salt.
This process can be assisted by adding a precipitating agent or by removal of the solvent.
Rapid precipitation results in an amorphous or microcrystalline residue and slow process can yield single crystals.
The latter can also be obtained by recrystallization from microcrystalline salts.
Article: The Lion King
Section: Original theatrical run

Question: What made the lion kning worth seeing in theatres?

"The Lion King" had a limited release in North America on June 15, 1994, playing in only two theaters, El Capitan Theater in Los Angeles and Radio City Music Hall in New York City.
It still earned $1,586,753 across the weekend of June 17–19, standing at the tenth place of the box office ranking.
The average of $793,377 per theater stands as the largest ever achieved during a weekend.
The wide release followed on June 24, 1994, in 2,550 screens.
The digital surround sound of the film led many of those theater to implement Dolby Laboratories' newest sound systems.
"The Lion King" grossed $40.9 million – which at the time was the fourth biggest opening weekend earning ever and the highest sum for a Disney film – to top the weekend box office.
It also earned a rare "A+" rating from CinemaScore.
By the end of its theatrical run, in spring 1995, it had earned $312,855,561, being the second-highest-grossing 1994 film in North America behind "Forrest Gump".
Outside North America, it earned $455.8 million during its initial run, for a worldwide total of $768.6 million.
Article: England
Section: Economy

Question: Which City is the largest financial center in Europe?

England's economy is one of the largest in the world, with an average GDP per capita of £22,907.
Usually regarded as a mixed market economy, it has adopted many free market principles, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure.
The official currency in England is the pound sterling, whose ISO 4217 code is GBP.
Taxation in England is quite competitive when compared to much of the rest of Europe—as of 2009 the basic rate of personal tax is 20% on taxable income up to £37,400, and 40% on any additional earnings above that amount.
The economy of England is the largest part of the UK's economy, which has the 18th highest GDP PPP per capita in the world.
England is a leader in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors and in key technical industries, particularly aerospace, the arms industry, and the manufacturing side of the software industry.
London, home to the London Stock Exchange, the United Kingdom's main stock exchange and the largest in Europe, is England's financial centre—100 of Europe's 500 largest corporations are based in London.
London is the largest financial centre in Europe, and is also the largest in the world.
The Bank of England, founded in 1694 by Scottish banker William Paterson, is the United Kingdom's central bank.
Originally established as private banker to the Government of England, since 1946 it has been a state-owned institution.
The Bank has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, although not in other parts of the United Kingdom.
The government has devolved responsibility to the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee for managing the monetary policy of the country and setting interest rates.
England is highly industrialised, but since the 1970s there has been a decline in traditional heavy and manufacturing industries, and an increasing emphasis on a more service industry oriented economy.
Tourism has become a significant industry, attracting millions of visitors to England each year.
The export part of the economy is dominated by pharmaceuticals, cars—although many English marques are now foreign-owned, such as Rolls-Royce, Lotus, Jaguar and Bentley—crude oil and petroleum from the English parts of North Sea oil along with Wytch Farm, aircraft engines and alcoholic beverages.
Agriculture is intensive and highly mechanised, producing 60% of food needs with only 2% of the labour force.
Two thirds of production is devoted to livestock, the other to arable crops.